"Last-Translator: Gunnar Wolf <gwolf@gwolf.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Spanish "
"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/es/>\n"
"Last-Translator: Gunnar Wolf <gwolf@gwolf.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Spanish "
"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/es/>\n"
"course, someone always wins the lottery.”"
msgstr ""
"En el estudio de caso acerca de Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cita "
"course, someone always wins the lottery.”"
msgstr ""
"En el estudio de caso acerca de Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cita "
"”Hacerse artista porque puedes hacerte rico es como comprar boletos de "
"lotería porque quieres hacerte rico. Podría funcionar, pero muy "
"probablemente no lo hará. Sin embargo, claro, alguien siempre se gana la "
"”Hacerse artista porque puedes hacerte rico es como comprar boletos de "
"lotería porque quieres hacerte rico. Podría funcionar, pero muy "
"probablemente no lo hará. Sin embargo, claro, alguien siempre se gana la "
"pursuing their passions and living their values."
msgstr ""
"Hoy en día, los derechos de autor son como un boleto de lotería — todos "
"pursuing their passions and living their values."
msgstr ""
"Hoy en día, los derechos de autor son como un boleto de lotería — todos "
-"tienen uno, y casi nadie gana. Lo que no te dicen es que si eliges compartir "
-"tu trabajo, los rendimientos pueden ser significativos y duraderos. Este "
+"tienen uno, y casi nadie gana. Lo que no dicen es que, para quien elige compartir "
+"su trabajo, los rendimientos pueden ser significativos y duraderos. Este "
"libro está lleno de historias de quienes toman riesgos mucho mayores que los "
"dos dólares que pagamos por un boleto de lotería, y sin embargo cosechan las "
"recompensas que surgen de perseguir sus pasiones y vivir según sus valores."
"libro está lleno de historias de quienes toman riesgos mucho mayores que los "
"dos dólares que pagamos por un boleto de lotería, y sin embargo cosechan las "
"recompensas que surgen de perseguir sus pasiones y vivir según sus valores."
"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and "
"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”"
msgstr ""
"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and "
"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”"
msgstr ""
"estudio de caso: ”No hacemos chistes y juegos para hacer dinero — Hacemos "
"dinero para poder seguir haciendo más chistes y juegos.”"
"estudio de caso: ”No hacemos chistes y juegos para hacer dinero — Hacemos "
"dinero para poder seguir haciendo más chistes y juegos.”"
"Considerando esto, Creative Commons inició este proyecto de libro. Con la "
"guía de Paul y Sarah, el proyecto inició para definir y fomentar los mejores "
"modelos de negocios abiertos. Paul y Sarah fueron los autores ideales para "
"Considerando esto, Creative Commons inició este proyecto de libro. Con la "
"guía de Paul y Sarah, el proyecto inició para definir y fomentar los mejores "
"modelos de negocios abiertos. Paul y Sarah fueron los autores ideales para "
"innovación dominen a la inequidad y escasez que hoy en día definen a lo peor "
"del capitalismo. A él lo impulsa la fuerza que tienen las conexiones humanas "
"entre las comunidad de creadores. Es más observador que la mayoría, y esto "
"innovación dominen a la inequidad y escasez que hoy en día definen a lo peor "
"del capitalismo. A él lo impulsa la fuerza que tienen las conexiones humanas "
"entre las comunidad de creadores. Es más observador que la mayoría, y esto "
"jardinero. Tiene una voz fresca y calma que transmite la pasión que inspira "
"a sus colegas y a su comunidad."
"jardinero. Tiene una voz fresca y calma que transmite la pasión que inspira "
"a sus colegas y a su comunidad."
"construir el procomún y compartirlo con el mundo. Se mantuvieron abiertos a "
"nuevas ideas, incluyendo la posibilidad de que sus teorías iniciales "
"requirieran refinamiento o estuvieran completamente equivocadas. Eso "
"construir el procomún y compartirlo con el mundo. Se mantuvieron abiertos a "
"nuevas ideas, incluyendo la posibilidad de que sus teorías iniciales "
"requirieran refinamiento o estuvieran completamente equivocadas. Eso "
-"requiere coraje, y llevó a que el libro resulte mejor, al ser interesante, "
+"requiere de valor, y llevó a que el libro resulte mejor, al ser interesante, "
"El resto fue provisto por los generosos donantes y colaboradores de CC. A "
"fin de cuentas, resultó uno de los proyectos de libro más exitosos de "
"Kickstarter, rompiendo dos objetivos extendidos, e involucrando a más de "
"El resto fue provisto por los generosos donantes y colaboradores de CC. A "
"fin de cuentas, resultó uno de los proyectos de libro más exitosos de "
"Kickstarter, rompiendo dos objetivos extendidos, e involucrando a más de "
"requires both humility and self-confidence, and without question it has made "
"Made with Creative Commons a better project."
msgstr ""
"requires both humility and self-confidence, and without question it has made "
"Made with Creative Commons a better project."
msgstr ""
"sus planes, borradores, estudios de caso y análisis, temprano y "
"frecuentemente, e involucraron a comunidades en todo el mundo para ayudar a "
"escribir este libro. Conforme sus opiniones divergían y sus intereses se "
"fueron definiendo más claramente, dividieron sus voces y decidieron "
"mantenerlas por separado en el producto final. Trabajar de esta manera "
"requiere tanto de humildad como de confianza en sí mismo, y sin duda llevó a "
"sus planes, borradores, estudios de caso y análisis, temprano y "
"frecuentemente, e involucraron a comunidades en todo el mundo para ayudar a "
"escribir este libro. Conforme sus opiniones divergían y sus intereses se "
"fueron definiendo más claramente, dividieron sus voces y decidieron "
"mantenerlas por separado en el producto final. Trabajar de esta manera "
"requiere tanto de humildad como de confianza en sí mismo, y sin duda llevó a "
"una comunidad colabore en conjunto para crear algo nuevo, o puede ser "
"simplemente una colección de personas de ideas afines que se conocen y se "
"reúnen alrededor de intereses o creencias comunes. Hasta cierto grado, "
"una comunidad colabore en conjunto para crear algo nuevo, o puede ser "
"simplemente una colección de personas de ideas afines que se conocen y se "
"reúnen alrededor de intereses o creencias comunes. Hasta cierto grado, "
-"simplemente ser Hecho con Creative Commons automáticamente trae consigo un "
-"cierto elemento de comunidad, ayudando a conectarte a terceros como tú que "
+"simplemente ser _Hecho con Creative Commons_ automáticamente trae consigo un "
+"cierto elemento de comunidad, ayudando a conectar con terceros como uno mismo que "
"reconocen y son atraídos por los valores simbolizados por usar CC.” Amanda "
"Palmer, la otra música perfilada en el libro, seguramente agregaría esto de "
"su estudio de caso: ”No hay un objetivo más satisfactorio que el que alguien "
"reconocen y son atraídos por los valores simbolizados por usar CC.” Amanda "
"Palmer, la otra música perfilada en el libro, seguramente agregaría esto de "
"su estudio de caso: ”No hay un objetivo más satisfactorio que el que alguien "
"busque una receta o una hoja de ruta. Quienes buscan perseguir un fin "
"social, construir algo grandioso mediante la colaboración, o unirse a una "
"comunidad global poderosa y creciente, seguramente resultarán satisfechos. "
"busque una receta o una hoja de ruta. Quienes buscan perseguir un fin "
"social, construir algo grandioso mediante la colaboración, o unirse a una "
"comunidad global poderosa y creciente, seguramente resultarán satisfechos. "
"claramente articulados capaces de cambiar al mundo, algunas herramientas "
"esenciales para explorar tus propias oportunidades de negocios, y dos "
"docenas de dosis de inspiración pura."
"claramente articulados capaces de cambiar al mundo, algunas herramientas "
"esenciales para explorar tus propias oportunidades de negocios, y dos "
"docenas de dosis de inspiración pura."
"groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and "
"sometimes like.”"
msgstr ""
"groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and "
"sometimes like.”"
msgstr ""
"Lawrence Lessig, escribió: ”El ciberespacio es un lugar. Hay gente que vive "
"ahí. Experimentan ahí todas las cosas que experimentan en el espacio real. "
"Para algunos, incluso experimentan más. Y lo experimentan no como individuos "
"Lawrence Lessig, escribió: ”El ciberespacio es un lugar. Hay gente que vive "
"ahí. Experimentan ahí todas las cosas que experimentan en el espacio real. "
"Para algunos, incluso experimentan más. Y lo experimentan no como individuos "
msgstr ""
"Estoy increíblemente orgulloso de que Creative Commons pueda publicar este "
"libro para las muchas comunidades que hemos llegado a conocer y amar. Estoy "
msgstr ""
"Estoy increíblemente orgulloso de que Creative Commons pueda publicar este "
"libro para las muchas comunidades que hemos llegado a conocer y amar. Estoy "
-"agradecido con Paul y Sarah por su creatividad y conocimientos, y para las "
-"comunidades globales que nos han ayudado a traértelo. Como dice Jonathan "
+"agradecido con Paul y Sarah por su creatividad y conocimientos, y con las "
+"comunidades globales que nos han ayudado a difundirlo. Como dice Jonathan "
"Nightingale, miembro del consejo de CC, ”todo está hecho de gente.”"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
"Nightingale, miembro del consejo de CC, ”todo está hecho de gente.”"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
"objetivo no era identificar una fórmula para modelos de negocio que usaran "
"Creative Commons, sino que recopilar ideas frescas y ejemplos dinámicos que "
"detonaran modelos nuevos e innovadores, y ayudar a terceros a seguir su "
"objetivo no era identificar una fórmula para modelos de negocio que usaran "
"Creative Commons, sino que recopilar ideas frescas y ejemplos dinámicos que "
"detonaran modelos nuevos e innovadores, y ayudar a terceros a seguir su "
"enmarcamos nuestra investigación en términos comerciales familiares. Creamos "
"un ”lienzo de modelo de negocios abiertos” en blanco, una herramienta "
"interactiva en línea que ayudara a la gente para diseñar y analizar su "
"enmarcamos nuestra investigación en términos comerciales familiares. Creamos "
"un ”lienzo de modelo de negocios abiertos” en blanco, una herramienta "
"interactiva en línea que ayudara a la gente para diseñar y analizar su "
"Gracias a la generosa contribución de nuestros patrocinadores del "
"Kickstarter, iniciamos este proyecto identificando y seleccionando un grupo "
"diverso de creadores, organizaciones y negocios que utilizan Creative "
"Gracias a la generosa contribución de nuestros patrocinadores del "
"Kickstarter, iniciamos este proyecto identificando y seleccionando un grupo "
"diverso de creadores, organizaciones y negocios que utilizan Creative "
"Los entrevistamos y escribimos sus historias.Analizamos lo que escuchamos y "
"profundizamos en la literatura."
"Los entrevistamos y escribimos sus historias.Analizamos lo que escuchamos y "
"profundizamos en la literatura."
"growth but to sustain the operation."
msgstr ""
"Aquellos a quienes entrevistábamos no eran los típicos negocios vendiendo a "
"growth but to sustain the operation."
msgstr ""
"Aquellos a quienes entrevistábamos no eran los típicos negocios vendiendo a "
"de ello, estaban compartiendo para hacer del mundo un mejor lugar, creando "
"relaciones y una comunidad alrededor de los trabajos que compartían, y "
"de ello, estaban compartiendo para hacer del mundo un mejor lugar, creando "
"relaciones y una comunidad alrededor de los trabajos que compartían, y "
"Frecuentemente no les gustaba escuchar que se describiera lo que hacían como "
"un modelo de negocios abierto. Su emprendimiento iba más allá que eso, era "
"algo diferente. Algo que no únicamente genera valor económico, sino que "
"Frecuentemente no les gustaba escuchar que se describiera lo que hacían como "
"un modelo de negocios abierto. Su emprendimiento iba más allá que eso, era "
"algo diferente. Algo que no únicamente genera valor económico, sino que "
-"también valor social y cultural. Algo que involucra la conexión humana. Ser "
-"Hecho con Creative Commons no es ”negocios como siempre.”"
+"también valor social y cultural. Algo que involucra conexión humana. Ser "
+"_Hecho con Creative Commons_ no es ”negocios como siempre.”"
"who provided invaluable edits, feedback, and advice. Our thinking changed "
"dramatically over the course of a year and a half."
msgstr ""
"who provided invaluable edits, feedback, and advice. Our thinking changed "
"dramatically over the course of a year and a half."
msgstr ""
"a la mañana. Entre otoño de 2015 y 2016, documentamos nuestros pensamientos "
"en publicaciones de blog en Medium y con actualizaciones de estado "
"periódicas a nuestros patrocinadores de Kickstarter. Intercambiamos "
"a la mañana. Entre otoño de 2015 y 2016, documentamos nuestros pensamientos "
"en publicaciones de blog en Medium y con actualizaciones de estado "
"periódicas a nuestros patrocinadores de Kickstarter. Intercambiamos "
"comprender y describir lo que estábamos aprendiendo. Aprender el uno del "
"otro ha sido uno de los grandes goces de este trabajo, y, esperamos, algo "
"que convirtió al producto final en algo mucho más rico de lo que podría "
"comprender y describir lo que estábamos aprendiendo. Aprender el uno del "
"otro ha sido uno de los grandes goces de este trabajo, y, esperamos, algo "
"que convirtió al producto final en algo mucho más rico de lo que podría "
-"serlo si alguno de nosotros hubiera afrontado este proyecto en solitario. "
-"Preservamos nuestras voces a lo largo del camino, y vas a poder sentir "
-"nuestros enfoques diferentes pero complementarios según leas las diferentes "
+"serlo si uno de nosotros hubiera afrontado este proyecto en solitario. "
+"Preservamos nuestras voces a lo largo del camino, con lo que se proyectan "
+"nuestros enfoques diferentes pero complementarios a lo largo de las diferentes "
"escala escrito por Paul. Presenta un contexto histórico para el procomún "
"digital, describiendo las tres maneras en que la sociedad ha administrado "
"los recursos y compartido la riqueza — El procomún, el mercado y el estado. "
"escala escrito por Paul. Presenta un contexto histórico para el procomún "
"digital, describiendo las tres maneras en que la sociedad ha administrado "
"los recursos y compartido la riqueza — El procomún, el mercado y el estado. "
"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share."
msgstr ""
"La imagen general continúa con el capítulo de Sarah, quien considera qué "
"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share."
msgstr ""
"La imagen general continúa con el capítulo de Sarah, quien considera qué "
-"significa ser exitosamente Hecho con Creative Commons. Si bien hacer dinero "
-"es una parte del total, también está el conjunto de valores del interés "
+"significa ser exitosamente _Hecho con Creative Commons_. Si bien hacer dinero "
+"es parte del rompecabezas, también se considera el conjunto de valores del interés "
"público y el tipo de conexiones humanas que dan verdadero significado al "
"compartir. Esta sección delinea las maneras en que los creadores, "
"organizaciones y negocios que entrevistamos obtienen sus ingresos, cómo "
"público y el tipo de conexiones humanas que dan verdadero significado al "
"compartir. Esta sección delinea las maneras en que los creadores, "
"organizaciones y negocios que entrevistamos obtienen sus ingresos, cómo "
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
"localize, and build upon this work."
msgstr ""
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
"localize, and build upon this work."
msgstr ""
"licenciamiento Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual. Por favor copia, "
"distribuye, traduce, localiza y construye sobre de este trabajo."
"licenciamiento Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual. Por favor copia, "
"distribuye, traduce, localiza y construye sobre de este trabajo."
"economy and world for the better."
msgstr ""
"Escribir este libro nos ha transformado e inspirado. La forma en que ahora "
"economy and world for the better."
msgstr ""
"Escribir este libro nos ha transformado e inspirado. La forma en que ahora "
-"vemos y pensamos acerca de lo que significa ser Hecho con Creative Commons "
-"ha cambiado irrevocablemente. Esperamos que este libro inspire a ti y a tu "
-"empresa a utilizar Creative Commons y, al hacerlo, contribuya a transformar "
-"nuestra economía y al mundo para mejor."
+"vemos y pensamos acerca de lo que significa ser _Hecho con Creative Commons_ "
+"ha cambiado irrevocablemente. Esperamos que este libro inspire a los lectores "
+"y a sus empresas a utilizar Creative Commons y, al hacerlo, "
+"contribuya a transformar nuestra economía y al mundo para mejor."
"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such "
"as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
msgstr ""
"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such "
"as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
msgstr ""
"océanos, la red de especies, la naturaleza salvaje y la corriente de agua—"
"todas son partes del procomún. También lo son el idioma y el conocimiento, "
"las aceras y las plazas públicas, las historias infantiles y los procesos "
"océanos, la red de especies, la naturaleza salvaje y la corriente de agua—"
"todas son partes del procomún. También lo son el idioma y el conocimiento, "
"las aceras y las plazas públicas, las historias infantiles y los procesos "
"profile in our case studies use Creative Commons to share their resources "
"online over the Internet."
msgstr ""
"profile in our case studies use Creative Commons to share their resources "
"online over the Internet."
msgstr ""
-"En Hecho con Creative Commons, nos enfocamos en nuestra era actual del "
-"procomún digital, un procomún de trabajos producidos por humanos. Este "
+"En _Hecho con Creative Commons_, nos enfocamos en nuestra era actual del "
+"procomún digital, un procomún de trabajos producidos por personas. Este "
"procomún atraviesa una amplia variedad de áreas, incluyendo patrimonio "
"cultural, educación, investigación, tecnología, arte, diseño, literatura, "
"procomún atraviesa una amplia variedad de áreas, incluyendo patrimonio "
"cultural, educación, investigación, tecnología, arte, diseño, literatura, "
-"entretenimiento, negocios y datos. Los trabajos producidos por humanos en "
-"todas estas áreas son cada vez más digitales. La Internet es un tipo global "
+"entretenimiento, negocios y datos. Los trabajos producidos por personas en "
+"todas estas áreas son, cada vez más, digitales. La Internet es un tipo global "
"de procomún digital. Los individuos, organizaciones y negocios que "
"perfilamos en nuestros casos de estudio usan Creative Commons para compartir "
"sus recursos en línea a través de la Internet."
"de procomún digital. Los individuos, organizaciones y negocios que "
"perfilamos en nuestros casos de estudio usan Creative Commons para compartir "
"sus recursos en línea a través de la Internet."
msgstr ""
"Sin embargo, el procomún no es sólo acerca de recursos compartidos. También "
"es acerca de las prácticas sociales y valores que los dirigen. Un recurso es "
msgstr ""
"Sin embargo, el procomún no es sólo acerca de recursos compartidos. También "
"es acerca de las prácticas sociales y valores que los dirigen. Un recurso es "
-"comprometidas con comunalizar. Su uso de Creative Common les involucra en la "
-"práctica social de la liberación, gestionando recursos de una forma "
+"comprometidas con comunalizar. Su uso de Creative Commons les involucra en la "
+"práctica social de la comunalización, gestionando recursos de una forma "
"colectiva con una comunidad de usuarios.3 La liberación es guiada por un "
"conjunto de valores y normas que balancean los costos y beneficios de la "
"empresa con aquellos de la comunidad. Se le da especial atención al acceso "
"colectiva con una comunidad de usuarios.3 La liberación es guiada por un "
"conjunto de valores y normas que balancean los costos y beneficios de la "
"empresa con aquellos de la comunidad. Se le da especial atención al acceso "
"commons with those of the market or state."
msgstr ""
"Las organizaciones y los negocios en nuestros casos de estudio son únicas en "
"commons with those of the market or state."
msgstr ""
"Las organizaciones y los negocios en nuestros casos de estudio son únicas en "
"con el mercado y/o el Estado. El grado de involucramiento con el mercado o "
"Estado varía. Algunas operan ante todo como procomún con mínima o ninguna "
"dependencia del mercado o Estado.5 Otras son parte del mercado o Estado, y "
"con el mercado y/o el Estado. El grado de involucramiento con el mercado o "
"Estado varía. Algunas operan ante todo como procomún con mínima o ninguna "
"dependencia del mercado o Estado.5 Otras son parte del mercado o Estado, y "
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
"strong sense of values, and the ability to blend the best of both."
msgstr ""
"Todos nuestros casos de estudio generan dinero como medio de subsistencia o "
"strong sense of values, and the ability to blend the best of both."
msgstr ""
"Todos nuestros casos de estudio generan dinero como medio de subsistencia o "
"Gestionar la interacción y el involucramiento entre el procomún y el mercado "
"requiere un toque ágil, un fuerte sentido de valores y la habilidad de "
"mezclar lo mejor de ambos."
"Gestionar la interacción y el involucramiento entre el procomún y el mercado "
"requiere un toque ágil, un fuerte sentido de valores y la habilidad de "
"mezclar lo mejor de ambos."
"build the commons. Beyond money, laws and regulations regarding property, "
"copyright, business, and finance can all be designed to foster the commons."
msgstr ""
"build the commons. Beyond money, laws and regulations regarding property, "
"copyright, business, and finance can all be designed to foster the commons."
msgstr ""
-"construir el procomún de forma deliberada. Más allá del dinero, leyes y "
-"regulaciones con respecto a propiedad, derechos de autor, negocios y "
-"finanzas pueden ser designadas para promover el procomún."
+"construir el procomún de forma deliberada. Más allá del dinero, pueden "
+"diseñarse las leyes y regulaciones con respecto a propiedad, derechos de "
+"autor, negocios y finanzas para promover el procomún."
msgstr ""
"Es útil entender cómo el procomún, el mercado y el Estado gestionan los "
"recursos de forma diferente, y no solo prara aquellos que se consideran ante "
msgstr ""
"Es útil entender cómo el procomún, el mercado y el Estado gestionan los "
"recursos de forma diferente, y no solo prara aquellos que se consideran ante "
-"todo como un procomún. Para negocios u organizaciones gubernamentales que "
-"quiere involucrarse y usar el procomún, saber cómo el procomún opera les "
-"ayudará a entender la mejor forma para hacerlo. Participar en el uso del "
-"procomún en la misma forma en la que lo harían en el mercado o Estado no es "
-"una estrategia para el éxito."
+"todo como un procomún. Para empresas u organizaciones gubernamentales que "
+"quieren involucrarse y aprovechar los bienes comunales, saber cómo éstos operan les "
+"ayudará a encontrar la mejor forma para hacerlo. Participar en el uso del "
+"procomún en la misma forma en la que lo harían en el mercado o Estado no "
+"resultaría una estrategia exitosa."
"un marco conceptual para analizar cómo los recursos naturales se gestionan "
"en un procomún.6 Su marco conceptual considera cosas como las "
"características biofísicas de recursos communes, los actores de la comunidad "
"un marco conceptual para analizar cómo los recursos naturales se gestionan "
"en un procomún.6 Su marco conceptual considera cosas como las "
"características biofísicas de recursos communes, los actores de la comunidad "
"resultados. El marco conceptual ha sido simplificado y generalizado para "
"aplicar al procomún, el mercado y el Estado para este capítulo."
"resultados. El marco conceptual ha sido simplificado y generalizado para "
"aplicar al procomún, el mercado y el Estado para este capítulo."
"rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with "
"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)."
msgstr ""
"rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with "
"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)."
msgstr ""
-"Para comparar y contrastar las formas en las que el procomún, el mercado y "
-"el Estado trabaja, consideremos cuatro aspectos de la gestión de recursos: "
-"características del recruso, las personas involucradas y el proceso que "
-"usan, las normas y reglas que desarrollan para gobernar el uso, y finalmente "
+"Para comparar y contrastar las formas en las que los bienes comunales, el mercado y "
+"el Estado trabajan, consideremos cuatro aspectos de la gestión de recursos: "
+"características del recruso, las personas involucradas y los procesos que "
+"siguen, las normas y reglas que desarrollan para gobernar el uso, y finalmente "
msgstr ""
"Los recursos tienen características particulares o atributos que afectan la "
"forma en que pueden ser usados. Algunos recursos son naturales; otros son "
msgstr ""
"Los recursos tienen características particulares o atributos que afectan la "
"forma en que pueden ser usados. Algunos recursos son naturales; otros son "
"resources in physical form. The costs of producing and distributing a "
"physical good usually require them to engage with the market."
msgstr ""
"resources in physical form. The costs of producing and distributing a "
"physical good usually require them to engage with the market."
msgstr ""
-"Los recursos físicos existen en un suministro limitado. Si yo tengo un "
-"recurso físico y se lo doy a usted, yo ya no lo tengo más. Cuando un recurso "
-"se retira y se usa, el suministro se vuelve escaso o agotado. La escasez "
+"Los recursos físicos existen en cantidades limitadas. Si yo tengo un "
+"recurso físico y se lo doy a otra persona, yo ya no lo tengo más. Cuando un recurso "
+"se retira y se usa, la disponibilidad total se reduce o agota. La escasez "
"algunos de nuestros casos de estudio también producen recursos en forma "
"física. Los costos de producir y distribuir un bien físico por lo general "
"requieren que se involucren con el mercado."
"algunos de nuestros casos de estudio también producen recursos en forma "
"física. Los costos de producir y distribuir un bien físico por lo general "
"requieren que se involucren con el mercado."
"depleted, and at close to zero cost. Abundance rather than scarcity is an "
"inherent characteristic of digital resources."
msgstr ""
"depleted, and at close to zero cost. Abundance rather than scarcity is an "
"inherent characteristic of digital resources."
msgstr ""
-"Los recursos físicos son agotables, exclusivos y tienden a la rivalidad. Los "
-"recursos digitales, por otra parte, no son agotables, exclusivos ni tienden "
-"a la rivalidad. Si yo comparto un recurso digital con usted, ambos tenemos "
-"el recurso. Dárselo a usted no significa que yo ya no lo tengo más. Los "
+"Los recursos físicos son agotables, exclusivos y rivales. Los "
+"recursos digitales, por otra parte, no son agotables, exclusivos ni rivales. "
+"Si yo comparto un recurso digital con alguna persona, ambos tenemos "
+"el recurso. Dárselo a alguien no significa que yo ya no lo tenga. Los "
-"infinita sin agotarse, y a un costo cercano a cero. La abundancia, en lugar "
-"de la escasez, es una característica inherente de los recursos digitales."
+"infinita sin agotarse, y a un costo cercano a cero. La abundancia, y "
+"ya no de la escasez, es una característica inherente de los recursos "
+"digitales."
"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. "
"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant."
msgstr ""
"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. "
"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant."
msgstr ""
"de los recursos digitales significa que las reglas y normas para "
"gestionarlos pueden (y deben) ser diferentes de cómo los recursos físicos "
"se gestionan. Sin embargo, este no es siempre el caso. Los recursos "
"de los recursos digitales significa que las reglas y normas para "
"gestionarlos pueden (y deben) ser diferentes de cómo los recursos físicos "
"se gestionan. Sin embargo, este no es siempre el caso. Los recursos "
"los cuales se extrae valor. El Estado ve a los recursos como bienes públicos "
"que brindan valor a los ciudadanos. El procomún ve a los recursos como "
"bienes comunes, que brindan riqueza común, extendiéndose más allá de las "
"los cuales se extrae valor. El Estado ve a los recursos como bienes públicos "
"que brindan valor a los ciudadanos. El procomún ve a los recursos como "
"bienes comunes, que brindan riqueza común, extendiéndose más allá de las "
-"fronteras del Estado para ser pasadas a futuras generaciones en una forma "
-"sin disminuciones o mejorada."
+"fronteras del Estado para ser pasadas a futuras generaciones de forma "
+"no disminuída y, en ocasiones, mejorada."
msgstr ""
"En contraste con el Estado y el mercado, los recursos en un procomún son "
"gestionados de forma más directa por las personas involucradas.7 Creadores "
msgstr ""
"En contraste con el Estado y el mercado, los recursos en un procomún son "
"gestionados de forma más directa por las personas involucradas.7 Creadores "
"escogencia personal. No se requiere permiso del Estado o el mercado. "
"Cualquier persona puede participar en el procomún y determinar por sí misma "
"el alcance al cual quiere estar involucrada—como contribuyente, usuario o "
"escogencia personal. No se requiere permiso del Estado o el mercado. "
"Cualquier persona puede participar en el procomún y determinar por sí misma "
"el alcance al cual quiere estar involucrada—como contribuyente, usuario o "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
"define permissions, allocate entitlements, and resolve disputes."
msgstr ""
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
"define permissions, allocate entitlements, and resolve disputes."
msgstr ""
-"Las interacciones sociales entre personas, y los procesos usados por el "
-"Estado, el mercado y el procomún, evolucionan normas sociales y reglas. "
+"Las interacciones sociales entre personas, y los procesos empleados por el "
+"Estado, el mercado y los bienes comunales, evolucionan en normas sociales y reglas. "
msgstr ""
"La autoridad del Estado está gobernada por las constituciones nacionales. "
"Las normas relacionadas con las prioridades y la toma de decisiones son "
msgstr ""
"La autoridad del Estado está gobernada por las constituciones nacionales. "
"Las normas relacionadas con las prioridades y la toma de decisiones son "
"Estado se expresan a través de políticas, regulaciones y leyes. El Estado "
"influencia las normas y reglas del mercado y el procomún a través de las "
"reglas que pasa."
"Estado se expresan a través de políticas, regulaciones y leyes. El Estado "
"influencia las normas y reglas del mercado y el procomún a través de las "
"reglas que pasa."
-"Las normas de mercado son influenciadas por economías y competición por "
-"recursos escasos. Las reglas del mercado siguen a la propiedad, negocios y "
+"Las normas del mercado reciben influencia de la economía y la competencia "
+"por recursos escasos. Las reglas del mercado siguen a la propiedad, negocios y "
"the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not "
"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability.9"
msgstr ""
"the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not "
"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability.9"
msgstr ""
-"Como con el mercado, el procomún puede ser influenciado por políticas de "
-"Estado, regulaciones y leyes. Pero las normas y reglas de un procomún son en "
-"gran parte definidas por la comunidad. Ellas ponderan costos y beneficios "
+"Como con el mercado, los bienes comunales pueden recibir influencia de "
+"políticas de Estado, regulaciones y leyes. Pero las normas y reglas "
+"de un bien comunal son en buena medida "
+"definidas por la comunidad. Ellas ponderan costos y beneficios "
"how resources are used. Use is also influenced by the different goals the "
"state, market, and commons have."
msgstr ""
"how resources are used. Use is also influenced by the different goals the "
"state, market, and commons have."
msgstr ""
"in the economy.10 Units consumed translates to sales, revenue, profit, and "
"growth, and these are all ways to measure goals of the market."
msgstr ""
"in the economy.10 Units consumed translates to sales, revenue, profit, and "
"growth, and these are all ways to measure goals of the market."
msgstr ""
"pagamos por los bienes que consumimos se ve como un objetivo medible de la "
"utilidad que brinda. El objetivo entonces se vuelve maximizar el valor "
"monetario total en la economía.10 Unidades consumidas se traducen en ventas, "
"pagamos por los bienes que consumimos se ve como un objetivo medible de la "
"utilidad que brinda. El objetivo entonces se vuelve maximizar el valor "
"monetario total en la economía.10 Unidades consumidas se traducen en ventas, "
"and enhance the resources is being formed; and if the resources are being "
"used in innovative ways for personal and social good."
msgstr ""
"and enhance the resources is being formed; and if the resources are being "
"used in innovative ways for personal and social good."
msgstr ""
-"En el procomún, el objetivo es maximizar acceso, equidad, distribución, "
-"participación, innovación y sostenibilidad. Usted puede medir el éxito "
-"viendo cuántas personas accesan y usan un recurso; cómo es la distribución "
+"Por lo que respecta a los bienes comunales, el objetivo es maximizar acceso, equidad, distribución, "
+"participación, innovación y sostenibilidad. Se puede medir el éxito "
+"observando cuántas personas accesan y usan un recurso; cómo es la distribución "
"de usuarios a través de género, ingresos, y ubicación; si una comunidad se "
"está formando para extender y mejorar los recursos; y si los recursos están "
"siendo usados de formas innovadoras para beneficio personal y social."
"de usuarios a través de género, ingresos, y ubicación; si una comunidad se "
"está formando para extender y mejorar los recursos; y si los recursos están "
"siendo usados de formas innovadoras para beneficio personal y social."
-"Usar al procomún para gestionar recursos es parte de una larga continuidad "
-"histórica. Sin embargo, en la sociedad contemporánea, el mercado y el Estado "
-"dominan el discurso de cómo los recursos se gestionan de la mejor forma. Es "
-"raro que el procomún tan siquiera se considere como una opción. El procomún "
-"ha desaparecido conciencia y consideración en gran parte. No hay reportes "
+"Usar al procomún para gestionar recursos es parte de un largo contínuo "
+"histórico. Sin embargo, en la sociedad contemporánea, el mercado y el Estado "
+"dominan el discurso de cuál es la mejor manera de gestionar los recursos. Es "
+"raro que el procomún siquiera se considere como una opción. El procomún "
+"ha desaparecido de la conciencia y consideración en gran parte. No hay reportes "
-"Pero los más de 1100 millones de recursos licenciados con Creative Commons "
-"alrededor del mundo son indicaciones de un movimiento de las bases hacia el "
+"Pero los más de 1,100 millones de recursos licenciados con Creative Commons "
+"alrededor del mundo son indicadores de un movimiento de las bases hacia el "
msgstr ""
"Por siglos, las personas indígenas de las sociedades preindustrializadas "
"gestionaron recursos de forma colectiva como un procomún, incluyendo agua, "
msgstr ""
"Por siglos, las personas indígenas de las sociedades preindustrializadas "
"gestionaron recursos de forma colectiva como un procomún, incluyendo agua, "
-"comida, leña, irrigación, pesca y caza, y muchas otras cosas.11 No había "
+"comida, leña, irrigación, pesca, caza, y muchas otras cosas.11 No había "
"mercado, ni economía global. El estado en la forma de soberanos influenciaba "
"el procomún pero de ninguna forma lo controlaba. La participación social "
"directa en el procomún era la forma principal con la cuál se gestionaban los "
"mercado, ni economía global. El estado en la forma de soberanos influenciaba "
"el procomún pero de ninguna forma lo controlaba. La participación social "
"directa en el procomún era la forma principal con la cuál se gestionaban los "
"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became "
"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)."
msgstr ""
"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became "
"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)."
msgstr ""
-"llama cercamiento del procomún.12 En días antiguos, las masas eran "
-"desalojadas de la tierra, se levantaban vallas y cercas, se pasaban leyes y "
-"se establecía seguridad para prohibir el acceso.13 De forma gradual, los "
+"llama _cercamiento del procomún_.12 Antíguamente, las masas eran "
+"desalojadas de la tierra, se levantaban vallas y cercas, se aprobaban leyes y "
+"se vigilba el espacio para prohibir el acceso.13 De forma gradual, los "
"ciudades. Con el surgimiento de la revolución industrial, la tierra y los "
"recursos se volvieron bienes que se vendían a negocios para soportar la "
"producción. Las monarquías evolucionaron a parlamentos elegidos. Las masas "
"ciudades. Con el surgimiento de la revolución industrial, la tierra y los "
"recursos se volvieron bienes que se vendían a negocios para soportar la "
"producción. Las monarquías evolucionaron a parlamentos elegidos. Las masas "
"justification for private property and free markets."
msgstr ""
"La sobreexplotación fue el tema de el influyente ensayo de Garret Hardin, "
"justification for private property and free markets."
msgstr ""
"La sobreexplotación fue el tema de el influyente ensayo de Garret Hardin, "
-"«La tragedia de los comunes,» publicado en Science en 1968. Hardin argumenta "
-"que todos en un procomún buscan maximizar la ganancia personal y continuar "
-"haciéndolo incluso cuando los limites del procomún son alcanzados. El "
-"procomún es entonces trágicamente agotado al punto en el que ya no puede "
+"«La tragedia de los comunes,» publicado en la revista Science en 1968. Hardin argumenta "
+"que en un procomún todos buscan maximizar la ganancia personal y continuar "
+"haciéndolo incluso cuando se alcanzan los limites del bien comunal. Éste "
+"es entonces trágicamente agotado al punto en el que ya no puede "
"soportar a nadie. El ensayo de Hardin se volvió aceptado de forma extensa "
"como cierto y una justificación para la propiedad privada y los libre "
"mercados."
"soportar a nadie. El ensayo de Hardin se volvió aceptado de forma extensa "
"como cierto y una justificación para la propiedad privada y los libre "
"mercados."
"Elinor Ostrom ganó el Premio Nobel de economía de 2009 por estudiar "
"diferentes procomunes alrededor del mundo. El trabajo de Ostrom mostró que "
"los recursos naturales del procomún pueden ser gestionados de forma exitosa "
"Elinor Ostrom ganó el Premio Nobel de economía de 2009 por estudiar "
"diferentes procomunes alrededor del mundo. El trabajo de Ostrom mostró que "
"los recursos naturales del procomún pueden ser gestionados de forma exitosa "
-"por comunidades locales sin ninguna regulación por autoridades centrales o "
-"sin privatización. El gobierno y la privatización no son las únicas dos "
+"por comunidades locales sin ninguna regulación por parte de autoridades centrales "
+"y sin privatización. El gobierno y la privatización no son las únicas dos "
"opciones. Hay una tercera forma: gestión por las personas, donde aquellas "
"que son impactadas de forma directa están involucradas de forma directa. Con "
"recursos naturales, hay una localidad regional. Las personas en la región "
"opciones. Hay una tercera forma: gestión por las personas, donde aquellas "
"que son impactadas de forma directa están involucradas de forma directa. Con "
"recursos naturales, hay una localidad regional. Las personas en la región "
"naturales rompió con la convención; ella reconoció la importancia del "
"procomún como una alternativa al mercado o Estado para solucionar problemas "
"de acción colectiva.14"
"naturales rompió con la convención; ella reconoció la importancia del "
"procomún como una alternativa al mercado o Estado para solucionar problemas "
"de acción colectiva.14"
"while Hardin’s essay is called The Tragedy of the Commons it might more "
"accurately be titled The Tragedy of the Market."
msgstr ""
"while Hardin’s essay is called The Tragedy of the Commons it might more "
"accurately be titled The Tragedy of the Market."
msgstr ""
"modeló asumió que la gente en el procomún actúa de forma autónoma, por puro "
"egoísmo, sin interacción o consideración de otros. Pero como Ostrom "
"modeló asumió que la gente en el procomún actúa de forma autónoma, por puro "
"egoísmo, sin interacción o consideración de otros. Pero como Ostrom "
-"encontró, en realidad, gestionar recursos del procomún en conjunto forma una "
-"comunidad y fomenta el discurso. Esto naturalmente genera normas y reglas "
+"encontró, en realidad, gestionar recursos del procomún en conjunto _forma_ una "
+"comunidad y fomenta la discusión. Esto naturalmente genera normas y reglas "
"que ayudan a las personas a trabajar de forma colectiva y asegurar un "
"procomún sostenible. De forma paradójica, mientras el ensayo de Hardi se "
"llamó La tragedia de los comunes, este pudo haberse titulado de forma más "
"que ayudan a las personas a trabajar de forma colectiva y asegurar un "
"procomún sostenible. De forma paradójica, mientras el ensayo de Hardi se "
"llamó La tragedia de los comunes, este pudo haberse titulado de forma más "
"economistas se han enfocado casi exclusivamente en la mercados basados en la "
"escasez. Muy poco se sabe acerca de cómo funciona la abundancia.15 El "
"surgimiento de información tecnológica y la Internet ha llevado a una "
"economistas se han enfocado casi exclusivamente en la mercados basados en la "
"escasez. Muy poco se sabe acerca de cómo funciona la abundancia.15 El "
"surgimiento de información tecnológica y la Internet ha llevado a una "
-"explosión en recursos digitales un nuevos medios para compartir y "
-"distribuir. Los recursos digitales nunca se pueden agotar. Sin embargo, la "
+"explosión en recursos digitales y a nuevos medios para compartir y "
+"distribuir. Los recursos digitales no se pueden agotar jamás. Sin embargo, la "
"ausencia de un modelo teórico de cómo funciona la abundancia ha llevado al "
"mercado a hacer que los recursos digitales sean artificialmente escasos y "
"que sea posible aplicar las normas y reglas usuales del mercado."
"ausencia de un modelo teórico de cómo funciona la abundancia ha llevado al "
"mercado a hacer que los recursos digitales sean artificialmente escasos y "
"que sea posible aplicar las normas y reglas usuales del mercado."
"digitales, en realidad no hay justificación para la escasez artificial. La "
"norma de los trabajos digitales financiados por el Estado debería ser que "
"estén disponibles de forma libre y abierta para el público que pagó por "
"digitales, en realidad no hay justificación para la escasez artificial. La "
"norma de los trabajos digitales financiados por el Estado debería ser que "
"estén disponibles de forma libre y abierta para el público que pagó por "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
"this practice of sharing into a set of principles and freedoms:"
msgstr ""
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
"this practice of sharing into a set of principles and freedoms:"
msgstr ""
-"En los primeros días de la computación, las personas programadoras y "
-"desarrolladoras aprendieron de cada una compartiendo programas. En los años "
+"En los primeros días de la computación, programadores y desarrolladores "
+"aprendieron unos de otros compartiendo programas. En los años "
"1980, el movimiento de software libre codificó esta práctica de compartir en "
"un conjunto de principios y libertades:"
"1980, el movimiento de software libre codificó esta práctica de compartir en "
"un conjunto de principios y libertades:"
-"acceso al código fuente ha sido dado de forma libre), y cambiarlo para que "
-"haga la computación cómo usted lo desee."
+"acceso al código fuente ha sido dado de forma libre), y modificarlo para que "
+"realice el cómputo como lo requiera cada quién."
"dramatic growth of the Internet itself owes much to the fact that nobody has "
"a proprietary lock on core Internet protocols."
msgstr ""
"dramatic growth of the Internet itself owes much to the fact that nobody has "
"a proprietary lock on core Internet protocols."
msgstr ""
-"A finales de los años 1990, para hacer el acto de compartir código fuente y "
-"la colaboración más atractiva a las compañías, la iniciativa de programas de "
-"código abierto convirtió estos principios en licencias y estándares para "
+"A finales de los años 1990, para hacer del acto de compartir código fuente y "
+"de la colaboración más algo atractivo para las compañías, la "
+"iniciativa de programas de código abierto (_Open Source Initiative_) "
+"convirtió estos principios en licencias y estándares para "
-"código abierto—tales como confiabilidad, escalabilidad y calidad verificada "
-"por revisión de pares independientes—se volvió ampliamente reconocida y "
-"aceptada. A los clientes les gustaba la forma en que el código abierto les "
+"código abierto —tales como confiabilidad, escalabilidad y calidad verificada "
+"por revisión de pares independientes— se volvieron ampliamente reconocidos y "
+"aceptados. A los clientes les gustaba la forma en que el código abierto les "
"daba el control sin quedarse encerrados en tecnología privativa y cerrada. "
"Los programas de código abierto y libre también generaron un efecto de red "
"en donde el valor de un producto o servicio incrementa con el número de "
"daba el control sin quedarse encerrados en tecnología privativa y cerrada. "
"Los programas de código abierto y libre también generaron un efecto de red "
"en donde el valor de un producto o servicio incrementa con el número de "
"negocios y mercados se construyeron a su alrededor. Los modelos de negocio "
"basados en licencias y estándares de programas de código abierto "
"evolucionaron junto con organizaciones que gestionaron el código de "
"negocios y mercados se construyeron a su alrededor. Los modelos de negocio "
"basados en licencias y estándares de programas de código abierto "
"evolucionaron junto con organizaciones que gestionaron el código de "
"Eric Raymond «El caldero mágico» hace un gran trabajo al analizar la "
"economía y los modelos de negocio asociados a los programas de código "
"abierto.18 Estos modelos pueden brindar ejemplos de enfoques sostenibles "
"Eric Raymond «El caldero mágico» hace un gran trabajo al analizar la "
"economía y los modelos de negocio asociados a los programas de código "
"abierto.18 Estos modelos pueden brindar ejemplos de enfoques sostenibles "
"digitales, sino también acerca de la abundancia de la participación. El "
"crecimiento del personal de computación, información tecnológica, y de la "
"Internet ha hecho posible la participación masiva en la producción de "
"digitales, sino también acerca de la abundancia de la participación. El "
"crecimiento del personal de computación, información tecnológica, y de la "
"Internet ha hecho posible la participación masiva en la producción de "
"muchas otras formas de contenidos digitales pueden ahora ser fácilmente "
"creados y distribuidos por casi cualquiera. A pesar de este potencial de "
"abundancia, estos trabajos digitales por defecto están gobernados por leyes "
"muchas otras formas de contenidos digitales pueden ahora ser fácilmente "
"creados y distribuidos por casi cualquiera. A pesar de este potencial de "
"abundancia, estos trabajos digitales por defecto están gobernados por leyes "
"propiedad del creador, y, por ley, otras personas están excluidas para "
"accesarlo y usarlo sin el permiso del creador."
"propiedad del creador, y, por ley, otras personas están excluidas para "
"accesarlo y usarlo sin el permiso del creador."
"digital content in a commons."
msgstr ""
"Las licencias Creative Commons tienen un diseño de tres capas. Las normas y "
"digital content in a commons."
msgstr ""
"Las licencias Creative Commons tienen un diseño de tres capas. Las normas y "
-"reglas de cada licencia primero son expresadas en un texto completamente "
-"legal como el que utilizan los abogados. Esta capa se llama el código legal. "
+"reglas de cada licencia primero son expresadas en un lenguaje legal pleno "
+"como el que utilizan los abogados. Esta capa se llama el código legal. "
"en lenguaje simple que personas regulares pueden leer y entender "
"rápidamente. Este actúa como una interfaz amistosa para el usuario de la "
"en lenguaje simple que personas regulares pueden leer y entender "
"rápidamente. Este actúa como una interfaz amistosa para el usuario de la "
-"capa del código legal que tiene por debajo. La tercera capa es una legible "
-"por máquinas, que vuelve sencillo que la Web sepa que un trabajo está "
+"capa del código legal subyacente. La tercera capa es una intelegible "
+"por computadoras, que facilita que la Web sepa que un trabajo está "
"licenciado bajo Creative Commons al expresar permisos en una forma que "
"sistemas de software, motores de búsqueda y otros tipos de tecnología puedan "
"licenciado bajo Creative Commons al expresar permisos en una forma que "
"sistemas de software, motores de búsqueda y otros tipos de tecnología puedan "
"languages. These resources include photos, artwork, research articles in "
"journals, educational resources, music and other audio tracks, and videos."
msgstr ""
"languages. These resources include photos, artwork, research articles in "
"journals, educational resources, music and other audio tracks, and videos."
msgstr ""
"Commons en un procomún global. Estos trabajos fueron vistos en lína 136 mil "
"millones de veces. Las personas están usando licencias Creative Commons "
"Commons en un procomún global. Estos trabajos fueron vistos en lína 136 mil "
"millones de veces. Las personas están usando licencias Creative Commons "
"incluyen fotos, trabajos artísticos, artículos de investigación en revistas, "
"incluyen fotos, trabajos artísticos, artículos de investigación en revistas, "
"editores. Millones de sitios web usan licencias CC, incluyendo importantes "
"plataformas como Wikipedia y Flickr, y otras más pequeñas como blogs.21 Las "
"personas usuarias de Creative Commons son diversas y abarcan muchos sectores "
"editores. Millones de sitios web usan licencias CC, incluyendo importantes "
"plataformas como Wikipedia y Flickr, y otras más pequeñas como blogs.21 Las "
"personas usuarias de Creative Commons son diversas y abarcan muchos sectores "
"estimulada por el movimiento de cultura libre, un movimiento social que "
"promueve la libertad de distribuir y modificar trabajos creativos. El "
"movimiento de cultura libre ve un procomún como algo que brinda beneficios "
"estimulada por el movimiento de cultura libre, un movimiento social que "
"promueve la libertad de distribuir y modificar trabajos creativos. El "
"movimiento de cultura libre ve un procomún como algo que brinda beneficios "
-"significativos comparado con las leyes de derechos de autor. Este ethos del "
-"intercambio libre en un procomún alinea el movimiento de cultura libre con "
+"significativos comparado con las leyes de derechos de autor. Este _ethos_ del "
+"intercambio libre en un procomún alínea al movimiento de cultura libre con "
"ciudadanos. Desde entonces ha crecido de ocho países participantes a "
"setenta. 22 En todos estos países, el gobierno y la sociedad civil están "
"trabajando juntos para desarrollar e implementar reformas ambiciosas de "
"gobierno abierto. Los gobiernos están adoptando Creative Commons cada vez "
"ciudadanos. Desde entonces ha crecido de ocho países participantes a "
"setenta. 22 En todos estos países, el gobierno y la sociedad civil están "
"trabajando juntos para desarrollar e implementar reformas ambiciosas de "
"gobierno abierto. Los gobiernos están adoptando Creative Commons cada vez "
-"más para asegurar que los trabajos financiados con dólares de los "
-"contribuyentes sean abiertos y libres para el público que pagó por estos."
+"más para asegurar que los trabajos financiados con dinero de los "
+"contribuyentes sean abiertos y libres para el público que pagó por ellos."
"environment, and breakdowns of democracy.24"
msgstr ""
"El mercado de hoy está dirigido en gran parte por un capitalismo global. Los "
"environment, and breakdowns of democracy.24"
msgstr ""
"El mercado de hoy está dirigido en gran parte por un capitalismo global. Los "
"extracción, privatización y el crecimiento corporativo. Una percepción de "
"que el mercado es más eficiente que el Estado ha llevado a la continua "
"privatización de muchos recursos naturales, utilidades, servicios e "
"extracción, privatización y el crecimiento corporativo. Una percepción de "
"que el mercado es más eficiente que el Estado ha llevado a la continua "
"privatización de muchos recursos naturales, utilidades, servicios e "
-"infraestructuras públicas.23 Mientras este sistema ha sido altamente "
-"eficiente en generar consumismo y un crecimiento en el producto interno "
+"infraestructura pública.23 Mientras este sistema ha sido altamente "
+"eficiente para generar consumismo y un crecimiento en el producto interno "
"bruto, el impacto en el bienestar humano ha sido mixto. Contrarrestando los "
"crecientes estándares de vida y las mejoras en salud y educación, están las "
"siempre crecientes desigualdad social, pobreza, deterioro de nuestro "
"bruto, el impacto en el bienestar humano ha sido mixto. Contrarrestando los "
"crecientes estándares de vida y las mejoras en salud y educación, están las "
"siempre crecientes desigualdad social, pobreza, deterioro de nuestro "
"Amsterdam se llaman a si mismas «ciudades compartidas», buscando hacerse "
"sostenibles y más eficientes en el uso de recursos escasos. Ellas ven el "
"compartir como una forma de mejorar el uso de los espacios públicos, la "
"Amsterdam se llaman a si mismas «ciudades compartidas», buscando hacerse "
"sostenibles y más eficientes en el uso de recursos escasos. Ellas ven el "
"compartir como una forma de mejorar el uso de los espacios públicos, la "
"plazo, y Uber brindando una plataforma para viajes compartidos. Sin embargo, "
"Airbnb y Uber aún operan mayoritariamente bajo las normas y reglas usuales "
"del mercado, haciéndolas menos como un procomún y más como un negocio "
"plazo, y Uber brindando una plataforma para viajes compartidos. Sin embargo, "
"Airbnb y Uber aún operan mayoritariamente bajo las normas y reglas usuales "
"del mercado, haciéndolas menos como un procomún y más como un negocio "
-"tradicional que busca ganancias financieras. Mucho de la economía compartida "
-"no es sobre el procomún o sobre construir una alternativa a la economía de "
-"mercado dirigida por corporaciones; es sobre extender el libre mercado "
+"tradicional que busca ganancias financieras. En buena medida, la economía compartida "
+"no se trata del procomún o sobre construir una alternativa a la economía de "
+"mercado dirigida por corporaciones, sino que de extender el libre mercado "
"desregulado hacia nuevas áreas de nuestras vidas.28 Aunque ninguna de las "
"personas que entrevistamos en nuestros casos de estudio se describirían a "
"ellas mismas como parte de una economía compartida, de hecho hay algunos "
"paralelismos importantes. Tanto la economía compartida como en el procomún "
"hacen un mejor uso de la capacidad de activos. La economía compartida ve a "
"desregulado hacia nuevas áreas de nuestras vidas.28 Aunque ninguna de las "
"personas que entrevistamos en nuestros casos de estudio se describirían a "
"ellas mismas como parte de una economía compartida, de hecho hay algunos "
"paralelismos importantes. Tanto la economía compartida como en el procomún "
"hacen un mejor uso de la capacidad de activos. La economía compartida ve a "
"sobrante con valor para alquiler. El acceso equitativo del procomún amplía y "
"diversifica el número de personas que pueden usar y derivar valor de un "
"activo."
"sobrante con valor para alquiler. El acceso equitativo del procomún amplía y "
"diversifica el número de personas que pueden usar y derivar valor de un "
"activo."
"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these "
"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
msgstr ""
"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these "
"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
msgstr ""
"diferencian de aquellos de la economía compartida es en su enfoque en los "
"recursos digitales. Los recursos digitales funcionan bajo reglas económicas "
"diferentes a las físicas. En un mundo en el que los precios siempre parecen "
"subir, la tecnología de la información es una anomalía. El poder de "
"procesamiento computacional, almacenamiento y ancho de banda están "
"incrementando de forma acelerada, pero en lugar de que los costos suban, "
"diferencian de aquellos de la economía compartida es en su enfoque en los "
"recursos digitales. Los recursos digitales funcionan bajo reglas económicas "
"diferentes a las físicas. En un mundo en el que los precios siempre parecen "
"subir, la tecnología de la información es una anomalía. El poder de "
"procesamiento computacional, almacenamiento y ancho de banda están "
"incrementando de forma acelerada, pero en lugar de que los costos suban, "
-"estos están bajando. Las tecnologías digitales se están volviendo más "
-"rápidas, mejores y más baratas. El costo de cualquier cosa que se construya "
-"sobre estas tecnologías siempre va a ir hacia abajo hasta que se acerque a "
+"éstos están bajando. Las tecnologías digitales se están volviendo más "
+"rápidas, mejores y más baratas. Los costos de cualquier cosa que se construya "
+"sobre estas tecnologías siempre van a bajar hasta que se acerquen a "
"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. "
"They aim for abundance over scarcity."
msgstr ""
"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. "
"They aim for abundance over scarcity."
msgstr ""
"características inherentes únicas de los recursos digitales, incluyendo la "
"reducción de costos. El uso de tecnologías de gestión de derechos digitales "
"en forma de bloqueos, contraseñas y controles que previenen que los bienes "
"digitales sean accesados, cambiados, replicados y distribuidos es mínimo o "
"inexistente. En su lugar, las licencias de Creative Commons son usadas para "
"características inherentes únicas de los recursos digitales, incluyendo la "
"reducción de costos. El uso de tecnologías de gestión de derechos digitales "
"en forma de bloqueos, contraseñas y controles que previenen que los bienes "
"digitales sean accesados, cambiados, replicados y distribuidos es mínimo o "
"inexistente. En su lugar, las licencias de Creative Commons son usadas para "
-"sacar contenidos digitales al procomún, tomando ventaja de las "
-"características económicas únicas asociadas con ser digital. El propósito es "
+"llevar contenidos digitales al procomún, tomando ventaja de las "
+"características económicas únicas derivadas del ser digital. El propósito es "
-"personas como sea posible. Maximizar el acceso y la participación es un "
-"objetivo común. El propósito es la abundancia sobre la escasez."
+"personas como sea posible. Maximizar el acceso y la participación son "
+"objetivos comunes. El propósito es la abundancia sobre la escasez."
"cercano a cero, lo que hace la abundancia posible. Pero imaginar un mercado "
"basado en la abundancia en lugar de en la escasez es tan extraño para la "
"forma en que concebimos la teoría y la práctica económica que cuesta "
"cercano a cero, lo que hace la abundancia posible. Pero imaginar un mercado "
"basado en la abundancia en lugar de en la escasez es tan extraño para la "
"forma en que concebimos la teoría y la práctica económica que cuesta "
"market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32"
msgstr ""
"Para una corporación ordinaria, crear beneficio social como parte de sus "
"market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32"
msgstr ""
"Para una corporación ordinaria, crear beneficio social como parte de sus "
-"operaciones es difícil, y es un requisito legal tomar decisiones que "
-"beneficien financieramente a sus accionistas. Pero nuevas formas de negocios "
-"están emergiendo. Estas son corporaciones de beneficios y empresas sociales, "
+"operaciones es difícil, al tiempo que es un requisito legal tomar decisiones que "
+"beneficien financieramente a sus accionistas. Pero están emergiendo "
+"nuevas formas de negocios. Existen las corporaciones de beneficencia "
+"y las empresas sociales, "
"que amplían sus objetivos de negocios de generar ingresos a hacer un impacto "
"positivo en la sociedad, trabajadores, la comunidad y el ambiente.31 Los "
"negocios que son propiedad de la comunidad, propiedad de trabajadores, "
"que amplían sus objetivos de negocios de generar ingresos a hacer un impacto "
"positivo en la sociedad, trabajadores, la comunidad y el ambiente.31 Los "
"negocios que son propiedad de la comunidad, propiedad de trabajadores, "
"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five "
"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models.33"
msgstr ""
"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five "
"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models.33"
msgstr ""
-"«Un libro acerca de modelos de negocios abiertos es como lo describimos en "
-"la campaña de Kickstarter para este libro. Usamos un manual llamado "
-"Generación de Modelos de Negocio como nuestra referencia para definir justo "
-"lo que es un modelo de negocios. Desarrollado a lo largo de nueve años "
+"«Un libro acerca de modelos abiertos de negocio» es lo que describimos en "
+"la campaña de Kickstarter para este libro. Utilizamos un manual llamado "
+"_Generación de Modelos de Negocio_ como nuestra referencia para definir "
+"precisamente qué es un modelo de negocios. Desarrollado a lo largo de nueve años "
"This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses and helped "
"start-ups plan their economic model."
msgstr ""
"This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses and helped "
"start-ups plan their economic model."
msgstr ""
"negocios como algo que tiene nueve bloques de construcción.34 Este lienzo en "
"blanco puede servir como una herramienta para que cualquier persona diseñe "
"negocios como algo que tiene nueve bloques de construcción.34 Este lienzo en "
"blanco puede servir como una herramienta para que cualquier persona diseñe "
-"su propio modelo de negocios. Nosotros remezclamos este lienzo de modelo de "
-"negocios en un lienzo de modelo de negocios abierto, agregando tres bloques "
+"su propio modelo de negocios. Nosotros lo remezclamos en un lienzo de "
+"modelo de negocios abierto, agregando tres bloques "
-"híbrido: bien social, licencia Creative Commons, y «tipo de ambiente abierto "
-"en el que el negocio encaja.»35 Este lienzo mejorado probó ser útil cuando "
+"híbrido: Bien social, licencia Creative Commons, y «tipo de ambiente abierto "
+"en el que el negocio encaja.»35 Este lienzo mejorado demostró ser útil cuando "
"analizamos los negocios y ayudamos a las empresas de nueva creación a "
"planear su modelo económico."
"analizamos los negocios y ayudamos a las empresas de nueva creación a "
"planear su modelo económico."
"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, "
"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model."
msgstr ""
"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, "
"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model."
msgstr ""
-"En nuestras entrevistas de estudio de caso, muchas personas expresaron "
-"incomodidad al describirse a sí mismas como un modelo de negocios abierto—el "
-"término modelo de negocios sugería estar principalmente situadas en el "
-"mercado. En dónde usted se sienta en el espectro de procomún-al-mercado "
-"afecta la extensión en la cuál usted se ve a sí mismo en el mercado. Entre "
+"En nuestras entrevistas a los casos de estudio, muchas personas expresaron "
+"incomodidad al describirse a sí mismas como un modelo de negocios abierto —el "
+"término _modelo de negocios_ sugería estar principalmente situadas en el "
+"mercado. En dónde cada quién se siente en el espectro que va entre el "
+"procomún y el mercado afecta hasta dónde se ve a sí mismo en el mercado. Entre "
-"procomún, menos comodidad habrá al describirse a usted mismo, o describir lo "
-"que hace, como un negocio. No todas las personas que tienen esfuerzos Hechos "
-"con Creative Commons usan palabras de negocios; para algunas el proceso ha "
+"procomún, menos comodidad habrá al autodescribirse, o describir lo "
+"que hace, como un negocio. No todas las personas que tienen esfuerzos _Hechos "
+"con Creative Commons_ usan un lenguaje de negocios; para algunas el proceso ha "
"sido experimental, emergente y orgánico, en lugar de ser planeado "
"cuidadosamente usando un modelo predefinido."
"sido experimental, emergente y orgánico, en lugar de ser planeado "
"cuidadosamente usando un modelo predefinido."
"than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple "
"paths to sustainability."
msgstr ""
"than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple "
"paths to sustainability."
msgstr ""
-"Las personas creadoras, los negocios y las organizaciones que perfilamos, "
-"todas participan en el mercado para generar ingresos de alguna forma. Las "
-"formas en als que esto se hace varían enormemente. Donaciones, pague lo que "
+"Los creadores, negocios y organizaciones que perfilamos, "
+"participan en el mercado para generar ingresos de alguna forma. Las "
+"formas en las que esto se hace varían enormemente. Donaciones, pague lo que "
"guste, membresías, «digital gratuito pero físico por un precio,» "
"financiamiento colectivo, emparejamiento, servicios de valor agregado, "
"mecenas… la lista sigue y sigue. (Una descripción inicial de cómo ganar "
"ingresos está disponible a través de una nota de referencia. Para las ideas "
"guste, membresías, «digital gratuito pero físico por un precio,» "
"financiamiento colectivo, emparejamiento, servicios de valor agregado, "
"mecenas… la lista sigue y sigue. (Una descripción inicial de cómo ganar "
"ingresos está disponible a través de una nota de referencia. Para las ideas "
-"más recientes vea Cómo traer dinero en la siguiente sección.) 36 No hay una "
-"única fórmula mágica, y cada esfuerzo ha ideado formas que les funcionan. "
-"Muchos hacen uso de más de una forma. Diversificar los flujos de ingresos "
-"reduce el riesgo y brinda múltiples rutas hacia la sostenibilidad."
+"más recientes, sugerimos referirse a _Cómo atraer dinero_ en la "
+"siguiente sección).36 No hay una única fórmula mágica, y cada "
+"esfuerzo ha ideado mecanismos que les funcionan. Muchos utilizan más "
+"de uno de dichos mecanismos. Diversificar los flujos de ingresos "
+"reduce el riesgo y ofrece múltiples caminos hacia la sostenibilidad."
"El procomún impulsa el alcance e impacto. El procomún digital es global. Los "
"recursos pueden ser creados por una necesidad local o regional, pero van por "
"todas partes generando un impacto global. En el mundo digital, no hay "
"El procomún impulsa el alcance e impacto. El procomún digital es global. Los "
"recursos pueden ser creados por una necesidad local o regional, pero van por "
"todas partes generando un impacto global. En el mundo digital, no hay "
"general es local y global al mismo tiempo: Diseños digitales siendo "
"distribuidos globalmente pero manufacturados localmente. Libros o música "
"digital siendo distribuida globalmente, pero lecturas y conciertos "
"general es local y global al mismo tiempo: Diseños digitales siendo "
"distribuidos globalmente pero manufacturados localmente. Libros o música "
"digital siendo distribuida globalmente, pero lecturas y conciertos "
"balanced alternative is possible."
msgstr ""
"El nuevo procomún digital está aquí para quedarse. Los casos de estudio de "
"balanced alternative is possible."
msgstr ""
"El nuevo procomún digital está aquí para quedarse. Los casos de estudio de "
"procomún, mientras aún se funciona dentro de los sistemas del mercado y el "
"Estado. El procomún genera beneficios que ni el mercado ni el Estado pueden "
"alcanzar por sí mismos. En lugar de que el mercado o el Estado dominen como "
"procomún, mientras aún se funciona dentro de los sistemas del mercado y el "
"Estado. El procomún genera beneficios que ni el mercado ni el Estado pueden "
"alcanzar por sí mismos. En lugar de que el mercado o el Estado dominen como "
msgstr ""
"Cuando empezamos este proyecto en agosto de 2015, nos dispusimos a escribir "
"sobre modelos de negocios que involucren licencias Creative Common en alguna "
msgstr ""
"Cuando empezamos este proyecto en agosto de 2015, nos dispusimos a escribir "
"sobre modelos de negocios que involucren licencias Creative Common en alguna "
"ayuda de nuestros patrocinadores en Kickstarter escogimos veinticuatro "
"esfuerzos de todo el mundo que estaban Hechos con Creative Commons. La "
"mezcla es diversa, desde un músico individual, a un editor de textos "
"ayuda de nuestros patrocinadores en Kickstarter escogimos veinticuatro "
"esfuerzos de todo el mundo que estaban Hechos con Creative Commons. La "
"mezcla es diversa, desde un músico individual, a un editor de textos "
"piece of our analysis (and in more detail in the case studies), we scrapped "
"that as our guiding rubric for the book."
msgstr ""
"piece of our analysis (and in more detail in the case studies), we scrapped "
"that as our guiding rubric for the book."
msgstr ""
"modelo de negocios. Aunque hablaremos sobre modelos de ingresos específicos "
"como una pieza de nuestro análisis (y en más detalle en los casos de "
"estudio), lo descartamos como nuestro rubro guía para el libro."
"modelo de negocios. Aunque hablaremos sobre modelos de ingresos específicos "
"como una pieza de nuestro análisis (y en más detalle en los casos de "
"estudio), lo descartamos como nuestro rubro guía para el libro."
msgstr ""
"En cada entrevista, empezamos con las mismas preguntas simples. En medio de "
"toda la diversidad entre todas las personas creadoras, organizaciones y "
msgstr ""
"En cada entrevista, empezamos con las mismas preguntas simples. En medio de "
"toda la diversidad entre todas las personas creadoras, organizaciones y "
"puede ser bueno para el negocio, pero esa no es la razón por la que lo "
"hacen. Compartir trabajo con Creative Commons es, en esencia, una decisión "
"moral. Los beneficios comerciales y otros beneficios individuales son "
"puede ser bueno para el negocio, pero esa no es la razón por la que lo "
"hacen. Compartir trabajo con Creative Commons es, en esencia, una decisión "
"moral. Los beneficios comerciales y otros beneficios individuales son "
"something to contribute, and that no one can own our shared culture. They "
"reflect a belief in the promise of sharing."
msgstr ""
"something to contribute, and that no one can own our shared culture. They "
"reflect a belief in the promise of sharing."
msgstr ""
"valores de Creative Commons. Aunque hay muchos diferentes sabores de "
"licencias CC y casi una infinidad de formas de ser Hecho con Creative "
"Commons, el sistema de valores básico está enraizado en una creencia "
"valores de Creative Commons. Aunque hay muchos diferentes sabores de "
"licencias CC y casi una infinidad de formas de ser Hecho con Creative "
"Commons, el sistema de valores básico está enraizado en una creencia "
"them. It was stunning how rarely money was mentioned. Most have a deeper "
"purpose and a different vision of success."
msgstr ""
"them. It was stunning how rarely money was mentioned. Most have a deeper "
"purpose and a different vision of success."
msgstr ""
"el compartir. También demuestra que algo más que las ganancias dirigen lo "
"que usted hace. En nuestras entrevistas, siempre preguntamos cómo se veía el "
"éxito para ellos y ellas. Fue maravilloso como pocas veces mencionaron el "
"el compartir. También demuestra que algo más que las ganancias dirigen lo "
"que usted hace. En nuestras entrevistas, siempre preguntamos cómo se veía el "
"éxito para ellos y ellas. Fue maravilloso como pocas veces mencionaron el "
"connection are integral to success."
msgstr ""
"Esta dinámica es probablemente una razón por la cual hay tantos ejemplos de "
"connection are integral to success."
msgstr ""
"Esta dinámica es probablemente una razón por la cual hay tantos ejemplos de "
"contenido es el resultado de una labor de amor o una herramienta para "
"impulsar el cambio social, y el dinero es como la gasolina para el carro, "
"algo que se necesita para seguir andando, pero no un fin en sí mismo. Ser "
"contenido es el resultado de una labor de amor o una herramienta para "
"impulsar el cambio social, y el dinero es como la gasolina para el carro, "
"algo que se necesita para seguir andando, pero no un fin en sí mismo. Ser "
"donde la ganancia no es suprema, y producir bien social y conexiones humanas "
"es integral para el éxito."
"donde la ganancia no es suprema, y producir bien social y conexiones humanas "
"es integral para el éxito."
"enough money to keep the lights on."
msgstr ""
"Incluso si la ganancia no es el objetivo final, hay que producir dinero para "
"enough money to keep the lights on."
msgstr ""
"Incluso si la ganancia no es el objetivo final, hay que producir dinero para "
"capacity of your content to your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric "
"Steuer once said, “Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.”"
msgstr ""
"capacity of your content to your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric "
"Steuer once said, “Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.”"
msgstr ""
"hacer su contenido artificialmente escaso, y en lugar de eso aprovecharlo "
"como el recurso potencialmente abundante que es.14 Cuando se ve la "
"abundancia de la información como una funcionalidad y no un error, se "
"hacer su contenido artificialmente escaso, y en lugar de eso aprovecharlo "
"como el recurso potencialmente abundante que es.14 Cuando se ve la "
"abundancia de la información como una funcionalidad y no un error, se "
"derecho de autor, como utilizar sistemas de gestión digital de derechos "
"(DRM, por sus siglas en inglés) y firmar contratos de exclusividad, puede "
"atar las manos de los creadores, a menudo a costa de los propios intereses "
"derecho de autor, como utilizar sistemas de gestión digital de derechos "
"(DRM, por sus siglas en inglés) y firmar contratos de exclusividad, puede "
"atar las manos de los creadores, a menudo a costa de los propios intereses "
"funcionar sin esas barreras y, en muchos casos, utilizar la apertura "
"incrementada como una ventaja competitiva. David Harris de OpenStax dijo que "
"ellos específicamente persiguen estrategias que saben que los editores "
"funcionar sin esas barreras y, en muchos casos, utilizar la apertura "
"incrementada como una ventaja competitiva. David Harris de OpenStax dijo que "
"ellos específicamente persiguen estrategias que saben que los editores "
msgstr ""
"En el mercado, la pregunta central al determinar cómo traer ingresos es qué "
"valora la gente y por qué están dispuestos a pagar.30 Por definición, si "
msgstr ""
"En el mercado, la pregunta central al determinar cómo traer ingresos es qué "
"valora la gente y por qué están dispuestos a pagar.30 Por definición, si "
"de manera gratuita y no es una bien en el mercado. Al igual que el extendido "
"modelo de negocios \"freemium\", cualquier posible transacción en el mercado "
"con un consumidor de tu contenido tiene que estar basada en un tipo de valor "
"de manera gratuita y no es una bien en el mercado. Al igual que el extendido "
"modelo de negocios \"freemium\", cualquier posible transacción en el mercado "
"con un consumidor de tu contenido tiene que estar basada en un tipo de valor "
"era digital. De hecho, es posible que tengan una ventaja porque ellos puden "
"usar la abundancia de contenido para obtener ganancia de algo escaso. "
"Tambien se pueden beneficiar de la buena voluntad sostenida por los valores "
"era digital. De hecho, es posible que tengan una ventaja porque ellos puden "
"usar la abundancia de contenido para obtener ganancia de algo escaso. "
"Tambien se pueden beneficiar de la buena voluntad sostenida por los valores "
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
"a social mission, the more likely this strategy is to succeed."
msgstr ""
"Minetras las membresías y las donaciones son modelos de financiamiento no "
"a social mission, the more likely this strategy is to succeed."
msgstr ""
"Minetras las membresías y las donaciones son modelos de financiamiento no "
"directamente a la relación reciproca que es cultivada con los benificiarios "
"de su trabajo. Entre más grande sea la cantidad de aquellos que reciben el "
"valor del contenido, es más probable que esta estrategia trabaje, dado que "
"directamente a la relación reciproca que es cultivada con los benificiarios "
"de su trabajo. Entre más grande sea la cantidad de aquellos que reciben el "
"valor del contenido, es más probable que esta estrategia trabaje, dado que "
msgstr ""
"Los modelos de financiamiento comunitario estan basados en recolectar el "
"costo de crear y distribuir el contenido antes de que el contenido sea "
msgstr ""
"Los modelos de financiamiento comunitario estan basados en recolectar el "
"costo de crear y distribuir el contenido antes de que el contenido sea "
"el trabajo en cuestión puede simplemente esperar hasta que este creado y "
"entonces acceder a el gratuitamente. Eso significa, que para que el modelo "
"funcione, la gente tiene que preocuparse más que sólo recibir el trabajo. "
"el trabajo en cuestión puede simplemente esperar hasta que este creado y "
"entonces acceder a el gratuitamente. Eso significa, que para que el modelo "
"funcione, la gente tiene que preocuparse más que sólo recibir el trabajo. "
"pare-y-desista; es una invitación a pagar porque es lo correcto. Este tipo "
"de comportamiento alrededor de lo que podríamos considerar los clientes no "
"pagadores es algo de lo que no se escucha desde hace mucho en el mercado "
"pare-y-desista; es una invitación a pagar porque es lo correcto. Este tipo "
"de comportamiento alrededor de lo que podríamos considerar los clientes no "
"pagadores es algo de lo que no se escucha desde hace mucho en el mercado "
"wrong on so many counts."
msgstr ""
"Vine a la investigación con las nociones preconcebidas acerca de lo que es "
"wrong on so many counts."
msgstr ""
"Vine a la investigación con las nociones preconcebidas acerca de lo que es "
"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes "
"with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
msgstr ""
"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes "
"with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
msgstr ""
"Commons. Eso era lo que yo sabía. Pero en nuestras entrevistas, las personas "
"hablaron de mucho más que sólo permisos de copyright cuando explicaban como "
"cmopartir encajaba en lo que ellos hacen. Yo estaba pensando acerca de "
"Commons. Eso era lo que yo sabía. Pero en nuestras entrevistas, las personas "
"hablaron de mucho más que sólo permisos de copyright cuando explicaban como "
"cmopartir encajaba en lo que ellos hacen. Yo estaba pensando acerca de "
"with whom you share—connections with you, with your work, with your values, "
"with each other."
msgstr ""
"with whom you share—connections with you, with your work, with your values, "
"with each other."
msgstr ""
"licenciar un material con derechos de autor o copyright bajo un conjunto de "
"terminos estandarizados, sino también de comunidad, bienestar social, "
"contribuir ideas, expresar un sistema de valores, trabajar juntos. Estos "
"licenciar un material con derechos de autor o copyright bajo un conjunto de "
"terminos estandarizados, sino también de comunidad, bienestar social, "
"contribuir ideas, expresar un sistema de valores, trabajar juntos. Estos "
"relativamente introspectivo sabe que eso es una ficción—somos seres mucho "
"más complicados con un amplio rango de necesidades, emociones, y "
"motivaciones. De hecho, estamos hechos para trabajar juntos y grantizar la "
"relativamente introspectivo sabe que eso es una ficción—somos seres mucho "
"más complicados con un amplio rango de necesidades, emociones, y "
"motivaciones. De hecho, estamos hechos para trabajar juntos y grantizar la "
"actuará mayormente sobre esas motivaciones sociales, motivaciones que puden "
"ser consideradas \"irracionales\" en un sentido económico. Como dijo Pinter "
"de Knowledge Unlatched, \"Es mejor ignorar a la gente que trata de "
"actuará mayormente sobre esas motivaciones sociales, motivaciones que puden "
"ser consideradas \"irracionales\" en un sentido económico. Como dijo Pinter "
"de Knowledge Unlatched, \"Es mejor ignorar a la gente que trata de "
"akin to a political statement. Other times people will identify and feel "
"connected with an endeavor’s separate social mission. Often both."
msgstr ""
"akin to a political statement. Other times people will identify and feel "
"connected with an endeavor’s separate social mission. Often both."
msgstr ""
"qué haces. El simbolismo es poderoso. Usar licencias Creative Commons "
"demuestra adherencia a un particular tipo de creencias, las cuales generan "
"bienestar y conectan a tu trabajo con gente de pensamiento similar. Algunas "
"qué haces. El simbolismo es poderoso. Usar licencias Creative Commons "
"demuestra adherencia a un particular tipo de creencias, las cuales generan "
"bienestar y conectan a tu trabajo con gente de pensamiento similar. Algunas "
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "Perfil escrito por Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr "Perfil escrito por Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497
-msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
-msgstr "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
"Modelo de ingresos: cargos de couta por transacción, cargos por servicios "
"personalizados"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
"Modelo de ingresos: cargos de couta por transacción, cargos por servicios "
"personalizados"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Edward Boatman, cofundador"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Edward Boatman, cofundador"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Jeni Tennison, director técnico"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Jeni Tennison, director técnico"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
"desarrollar el caso del beneficio económico y el modelos de negocios para "
"los datos abiertos;"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
"desarrollar el caso del beneficio económico y el modelos de negocios para "
"los datos abiertos;"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr "ayudar a los negocios del RU a usar los datos abiertos; y"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr "ayudar a los negocios del RU a usar los datos abiertos; y"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
"mostrar cómo los datos abiertos pueden mejorar los servicios públicos.1"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
"mostrar cómo los datos abiertos pueden mejorar los servicios públicos.1"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
"Del lado comercial, las siguiente proposiciones de valor parecen resonar:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
"Del lado comercial, las siguiente proposiciones de valor parecen resonar:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
"usables, confiables, accesibles, descubribles, y que están soportados.4"
#. type: Plain text
"usables, confiables, accesibles, descubribles, y que están soportados.4"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr "Número total de miembros activos y nodos alrededor del mundo: 1,350"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr "Número total de miembros activos y nodos alrededor del mundo: 1,350"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr "Ventas totales desde que comenzó el ODI: £7.44 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr "Ventas totales desde que comenzó el ODI: £7.44 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr "Total de certificados de Open Data creados: 151, 000"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr "Total de certificados de Open Data creados: 151, 000"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid ""
"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgid ""
"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgid ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
msgid ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: cargos por una cuota de transacción"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: cargos por una cuota de transacción"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr "Entrevistados: Nick Ierodiaconou y Joni Steiner, cofundadores"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr "Entrevistados: Nick Ierodiaconou y Joni Steiner, cofundadores"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
"impuestos por ventas locales (variable por la ubicación del cliente y el "
"creador)3"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
"impuestos por ventas locales (variable por la ubicación del cliente y el "
"creador)3"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
"A continuación, se detallan cómo se crean las cotizaciones de los creadores:"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
"A continuación, se detallan cómo se crean las cotizaciones de los creadores:"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr "cuota por diseño: 8 porciento del costo de manufactura"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr "cuota por diseño: 8 porciento del costo de manufactura"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr "cuota de plataforma: 12 porciento del costo de manufactura"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr "cuota de plataforma: 12 porciento del costo de manufactura"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr "cuota de canal: 18 porciento del costo de manufactura"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr "cuota de canal: 18 porciento del costo de manufactura"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr "impuesto de venta: los aplicables (depende del producto y ubicación)"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr "impuesto de venta: los aplicables (depende del producto y ubicación)"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr "Es inequívocamente uso comercial cuando alguien:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr "Es inequívocamente uso comercial cuando alguien:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr "carga una cuota o tiene una ganancia cuando hace un Opendesk"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr "carga una cuota o tiene una ganancia cuando hace un Opendesk"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr "vende (o tiene un servicio comercial basado en) un OpenDesk"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr "vende (o tiene un servicio comercial basado en) un OpenDesk"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr "Entrevistado: David Harris, Editor en Jefe"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr "Entrevistado: David Harris, Editor en Jefe"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr "Estudiantes que han usado OpenStax: 1.6 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr "Estudiantes que han usado OpenStax: 1.6 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr "Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes: \\$ 155 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr "Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes: \\$ 155 millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
"Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes en el ciclo académico 2016-17: \\$77 "
"millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
"Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes en el ciclo académico 2016-17: \\$77 "
"millones"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgid ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
msgid ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr "Amanda Palmer es música, artista, y escritora. Vive en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr "Amanda Palmer es música, artista, y escritora. Vive en los E.U.A."
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
msgid ""
"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
msgid ""
"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Louise Page, Editor"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Louise Page, Editor"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 11 de diciembre, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 11 de diciembre, 2015"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
"www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
"www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Neal Gorenflo, cofundador y editor ejecutivo"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Neal Gorenflo, cofundador y editor ejecutivo"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: cargos por servicios personalizados, patrocinios"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: cargos por servicios personalizados, patrocinios"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Mark Horner, CEO"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Mark Horner, CEO"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
"Modelo de ingresos: cobrar por copias físicas (ventas de componentes "
"electrónicos)"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
"Modelo de ingresos: cobrar por copias físicas (ventas de componentes "
"electrónicos)"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Nathan Seidle, fundador"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Nathan Seidle, fundador"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
"Entrevistados: Piyar Sorcar, el CEO, y Shuman Ghosemajumder, el presidente"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
"Entrevistados: Piyar Sorcar, el CEO, y Shuman Ghosemajumder, el presidente"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 26 de enero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 26 de enero, 2016"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Hessel van Oorschot, cofundador"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr "Entrevistado: Hessel van Oorschot, cofundador"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr "Casi cualquier persona con una presencia enlinea conoce la Wikipedia."
#. type: Plain text
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr "Casi cualquier persona con una presencia enlinea conoce la Wikipedia."
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
#. type: Plain text
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-SA)."
#. type: Plain text
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgid ""
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"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
"Jane Finette, jane Lofton, Jane Mason, Jane Park, Janos Kovacs, Jasmina "
"Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu"
"Jane Finette, jane Lofton, Jane Mason, Jane Park, Janos Kovacs, Jasmina "
"Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu"
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