msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-24 12:24-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-10-25 20:24+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-02-04 21:35+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Nathan Follens <nathan@email.is>\n"
-"Language-Team: Dutch "
-"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/nl/>\n"
+"Language-Team: Dutch <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/"
+"translation/nl/>\n"
"Language: nl\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n"
"X-Generator: Weblate 2.19-dev\n"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
-msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
+#. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3
+msgid "en"
+msgstr "nl"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4
-msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr "Paul Stacey en Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
-msgid "Made With Creative Commons"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5
+msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
-msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr "door Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10
-msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons."
-msgstr "© 2017, door Creative Commons."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13
-msgid ""
-"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-"
-"SA), version 4.0."
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8
+msgid "Paul"
msgstr ""
-"Gepubliceerd onder een Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike-licentie (CC "
-"BY-SA), versie 4.0."
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:15
-msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
-msgstr "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9
+msgid "Stacey"
+msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:17
-msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
-msgstr "Omslag en intern ontwerp door Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:12
+msgid "Sarah Hinchliff"
+msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19
-msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma"
-msgstr "Inhoudsbewerking door Grace Yaginuma"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:13
+msgid "Pearson"
+msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21
-msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
-msgstr "Illustraties door Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><copyright>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:17
+msgid "<year>2017</year> <holder>Creative Commons</holder>"
+msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23
-msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc"
-msgstr "E-boek beschikbaar voor downloaden op madewith.cc"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><publisher>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:21
+msgid "<publishername>Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas</publishername>"
+msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25
-msgid "Publisher:"
-msgstr "Uitgever:"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><publisher><address><city>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:23
+msgid "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México"
+msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27
-msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books"
-msgstr "Ctrl+Alt+Delete boeken"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29
-msgid "Husumgade 10, 5."
-msgstr "Husumgade 10, 5."
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31
-msgid "2200 Copenhagen N"
-msgstr "2200 Kopenhagen N"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33
-msgid "Denmark"
-msgstr "Denemarken"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35
-msgid "www.cadb.dk"
-msgstr "www.cadb.dk"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37
-msgid "hey@cadb.dk"
-msgstr "hey@cadb.dk"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39
-msgid "Printer:"
-msgstr "Drukker:"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41
-msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
-msgstr "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43
-msgid "88-100 Inowrocław,"
-msgstr "88-100 Inowrocław,"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45
-msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
-msgstr "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47
-msgid "Poland"
-msgstr "Polen"
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:55
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:28
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
+#| "copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
+#| "purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit, "
+#| "provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you "
+#| "remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your "
+#| "contributions under the same license as the original. License details: "
+#| "creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
msgid ""
"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
"a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, "
"transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your "
"contributions under the same license as the original. License details: "
-"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
+"<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Dit boek is uitgegeven onder een CC BY-SA-licentie. Dit betekent dat u het "
"mag kopiëren, verspreiden, wijzigen en verder mag werken aan de inhoud voor "
"moet u uw bijdragen uitbrengen onder dezelfde licentie als het origineel. "
"Licentiedetails: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:59
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:41
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Made with Creative Commons by Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+msgstr "door Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:42
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons."
+msgid "© 2017 by the Creative Commons Foundation."
+msgstr "© 2017, door Creative Commons."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:43
msgid ""
-"Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative "
-"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
-"platform."
+"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-"
+"SA), version 4.0."
+msgstr ""
+"Gepubliceerd onder een Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike-licentie (CC "
+"BY-SA), versie 4.0."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:45
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
+#| "copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
+#| "purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit, "
+#| "provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you "
+#| "remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your "
+#| "contributions under the same license as the original. License details: "
+#| "creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
+msgid ""
+"The license means that you can copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and "
+"build upon the content for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you "
+"give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if "
+"changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you "
+"must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. "
+"License details: <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
+"\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Dit boek is uitgegeven onder een CC BY-SA-licentie. Dit betekent dat u het "
+"mag kopiëren, verspreiden, wijzigen en verder mag werken aan de inhoud voor "
+"welk doel dan ook, zelfs commercieel, zolang u de originele auteurs maar "
+"benoemt, een link naar de licentie plaatst en aangeeft of u wijzigingen hebt "
+"gedaan. Als u wijzigingen aanbrengt of verder werkt aan het materiaal, dan "
+"moet u uw bijdragen uitbrengen onder dezelfde licentie als het origineel. "
+"Licentiedetails: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:52
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
+msgid ""
+"Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>."
+msgstr "Illustraties door Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:54
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Publisher:"
+msgid "Publisher: Gunnar Wolf."
+msgstr "Uitgever:"
+
+#. space for information about translators
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:56
+msgid " "
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:58
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative "
+#| "Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
+#| "platform."
+msgid ""
+"Made With Creative Commons was originally published with the kind support of "
+"Creative Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter."
+"com platform."
msgstr ""
"Gemaakt met Creative Commons wordt uitgegeven met de vriendelijke "
"ondersteuning van Creative Commons en de mensen die bijgedragen hebben aan "
"onze crowdfunding-campagne op Kickstarter.com."
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:61
+msgid ""
+"This edition of the book is maintained on <ulink url=\"https://gitlab.com/"
+"gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/>, and the translations are maintained on <ulink "
+"url=\"https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/\"/>. If you find any "
+"error in the book, please let us know."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:66
+msgid ""
+"ISBN: YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (PDF), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (ePub), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED "
+"(Paperback)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:69
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc"
+msgid "<ulink url=\"https://madewith.cc/\"/>"
+msgstr "E-boek beschikbaar voor downloaden op madewith.cc"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:72
+msgid "(Dewey) 346.048, 347.78"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:75
+msgid "(US Library of Congress) Z286 O63 S73 2017"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:78
+msgid "(Melvil) 025.523"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:84
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
+"I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
-"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
-"lives.”"
+"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily lives."
msgstr ""
"<span id=\"anchor-4\"></span>\"Ik weet niet veel van niet-fictieve "
"journalistiek. . . De manier waarop ik aan dit soort dingen denk en wat ik "
"en redelijk gemiddeld iemand meer aandacht ziet tonen en dieper ziet denken "
"over allerlei soorten dingen dan de meesten van ons in ons dagelijks leven.\""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:70
-msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
+#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><attribution>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:90
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
+msgid "David Foster Wallace"
msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
-msgid "## Foreword"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:94
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "## Foreword"
+msgid "Foreword"
msgstr "## Voorwoord"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:80
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:96
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met "
+#| "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one "
+#| "of CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful "
+#| "career as a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC "
+#| "had a role in defining and advancing open business models. He kindly "
+#| "disagreed, and called the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a "
+#| "red herring.”"
msgid ""
"Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met "
"with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of "
"CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as "
"a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in "
"defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called "
-"the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a red herring.”"
+"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red herring.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
"Drie jaar geleden, vlak nadat ik was aangenomen als CEO van Creative "
"Commons, ontmoette ik Cory Doctorow aan de hotelbar van Toronto's Gladstone "
"werkwijzen. Hij was het niet met me eens en noemde het voortduwen van "
"zakelijke werkwijzen d.m.v. CC \"een rode haring.\""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:105
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative "
+#| "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: "
+#| "“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their "
+#| "primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to "
+#| "profit. Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”"
msgid ""
"He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative "
"Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: "
-"“Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their primary "
-"reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money "
-"is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”"
+"<quote>Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their "
+"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. "
+"Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"In een bepaald opzicht had hij het bij het juiste eind. Zij die dingen maken "
"met Creative Commons hebben bijbedoelingen, zoals Paul Stacey ook uitlegt in "
"ervan te profiteren. Geld is een oplossing voor een sociaal einde, niet het "
"einde zelf.\""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:113
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites "
+#| "Cory’s words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering "
+#| "the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets "
+#| "because you want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly "
+#| "won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the lottery.”"
msgid ""
"In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s "
-"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts "
-"because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you want "
-"to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of "
-"course, someone always wins the lottery.”"
+"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: <quote>Entering the "
+"arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery tickets because you "
+"want to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of "
+"course, someone always wins the lottery.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"In de gevallenanalyse over Cory Doctorow, citeert Sarah Hinchliff Cory's "
"woorden uit zijn boek Information Doesn't Want to Be Free: \"Het betreden "
"loterijtickets omdat je rijk wilt worden. Het kan werken, maar het werkt "
"hoogstwaarschijnlijk niet. Ook al wilt iemand altijd de loterij.\""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:99
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:121
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost "
+#| "nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your "
+#| "work, the returns can be significant and long-lasting. This book is "
+#| "filled with stories of those who take much greater risks than the two "
+#| "dollars we pay for a lottery ticket, and instead reap the rewards that "
+#| "come from pursuing their passions and living their values."
msgid ""
"Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost "
"nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your "
-"work, the returns can be significant and long-lasting. This book is filled "
+"work, the returns can be significant and long-lasting. This book is filled "
"with stories of those who take much greater risks than the two dollars we "
"pay for a lottery ticket, and instead reap the rewards that come from "
"pursuing their passions and living their values."
"de twee euro die we betalen voor een loterijticket en in plaats daarvan de "
"vruchten oogsten van het volgen van hun passies."
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:130
msgid ""
"So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to "
-"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
-"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and "
-"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”"
+"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
+"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: <quote>We don’t make "
+"jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and "
+"games.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:113
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:137
msgid ""
"Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by "
"collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the "
"write Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:121
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:146
msgid ""
"Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation "
"overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of "
"and community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:131
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:155
msgid ""
"Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of "
-"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
+"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
"year I’ve seen Sarah struggle with the heartbreak that comes from investing "
"so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, "
"she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her "
"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:140
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:167
msgid ""
"As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They "
"researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and "
"passion and curiosity, and a deep respect for what goes into building the "
"commons and sharing with the world. They remained open to new ideas, "
"including the possibility that their initial theories would need refinement "
-"or might be completely wrong. That’s courageous, and it has made for a "
+"or might be completely wrong. That’s courageous, and it has made for a "
"better book that is insightful, honest, and useful."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:178
msgid ""
"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
"itself, an example of an open business model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:153
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:186
msgid ""
"For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a "
"Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The "
"them new supporters of Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:162
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:195
msgid ""
"Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, "
"drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged "
"communities all over the world to help write this book. As their opinions "
"diverged and their interests came into focus, they divided their voices and "
-"decided to keep them separate in the final product. Working in this way "
+"decided to keep them separate in the final product. Working in this way "
"requires both humility and self-confidence, and without question it has made "
"Made with Creative Commons a better project."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:167
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:205
msgid ""
-"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
+"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
"part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a "
"profound gift. What they receive in return is gratitude and a community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:174
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:211
msgid ""
-"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
+"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
"reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer "
"himself up as a Kickstarter benefit), he agreed immediately. Why would he "
"agree to do that? Because the commons has collaboration at its core, and "
"share in the ways that they choose with a global audience."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:186
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:220
msgid ""
-"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when "
-"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community "
+"Sarah writes, <quote>Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive "
+"when community is built around what they do. This may mean a community "
"collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a "
"collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally around "
"common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being Made with "
"Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of community, by "
"helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the "
-"values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other musician profiled "
-"in the book, would surely add this from her case study: “There is no more "
-"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is "
-"genuinely of value to them.”"
+"values symbolized by using CC.</quote> Amanda Palmer, the other musician "
+"profiled in the book, would surely add this from her case study: "
+"<quote>There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you "
+"that what you do is genuinely of value to them.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:195
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:234
msgid ""
"This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a "
"roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social "
"end, to build something great through collaboration, or to join a powerful "
-"and growing global community, they’re sure to be satisfied. Made with "
+"and growing global community, they’re sure to be satisfied. Made with "
"Creative Commons offers a world-changing set of clearly articulated values "
"and principles, some essential tools for exploring your own business "
"opportunities, and two dozen doses of pure inspiration."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:203
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:244
msgid ""
-"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder "
-"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They "
-"experience all the sorts of things that they experience in real space, "
-"there. For some, they experience more. They experience this not as isolated "
-"individuals, playing some high tech computer game; they experience it in "
-"groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and "
-"sometimes like.”"
+"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of Cyberspace</"
+"quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a place. "
+"People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they "
+"experience in real space, there. For some, they experience more. They "
+"experience this not as isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer "
+"game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among "
+"people they come to know, and sometimes like.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:254
msgid ""
"I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for "
-"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
+"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
"Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the global "
-"communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member "
-"Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”"
+"communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member "
+"Johnathan Nightingale often says, <quote>It’s all made of people.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:262
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:213
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
-msgstr "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:266
+msgid "<attribution>Ryan Merkley</attribution>"
+msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:269
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
+msgid "<attribution>CEO, Creative Commons</attribution>"
msgstr "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217
-msgid "## Introduction"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:274
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "## Introduction"
+msgid "Introduction"
msgstr "## Inleiding"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:220
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:276
msgid ""
"This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a "
"twist."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:230
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:280
msgid ""
"We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and "
"businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work "
"business models that use Creative Commons but instead gather fresh ideas and "
"dynamic examples that spark new, innovative models and help others follow "
"suit by building on what already works. At the onset, we framed our "
-"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank “open business "
-"model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would help people design and "
-"analyze their business model."
+"investigation in familiar business terms. We created a blank <quote>open "
+"business model canvas,</quote> an interactive online tool that would help "
+"people design and analyze their business model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:237
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:292
msgid ""
"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:240
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:300
msgid ""
"But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way "
"of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:305
msgid ""
"Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and "
-"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
+"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
"to make the world a better place, creating relationships and community "
"around the works being shared, and generating revenue not for unlimited "
"growth but to sustain the operation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:313
msgid ""
"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
-"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. "
+"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. "
"Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural "
"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative "
-"Commons is not “business as usual.”"
+"Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:260
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:321
msgid ""
"We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen "
"overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in "
"dramatically over the course of a year and a half."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:269
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:330
msgid ""
"Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of "
"understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other "
"has been one of the great joys of this work, and, we hope, something that "
"has made the final product much richer than it ever could have been if "
-"either of us undertook this project alone. We have preserved our voices "
+"either of us undertook this project alone. We have preserved our voices "
"throughout, and you’ll be able to sense our different but complementary "
"approaches as you read through our different sections."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:273
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:340
msgid ""
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:280
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:345
msgid ""
"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. "
"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the "
"commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:289
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:353
msgid ""
"The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means "
"to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one "
"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:363
msgid ""
"And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different "
"Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more "
"model of traditional copyright—are the only ways to make money."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:300
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:370
msgid ""
"Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, "
"businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated "
"in the interviews, we divided up the writing of these profiles."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:304
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:376
msgid ""
"Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative "
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
"localize, and build upon this work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:381
msgid ""
"Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at "
"and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has "
"economy and world for the better."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:312
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:389
+msgid "<attribution>Paul and Sarah </attribution>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
-msgid "# The Big Picture"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:394
+msgid "The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
-msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:396
+msgid "The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:398
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:408
msgid ""
-"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
-"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
-"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of "
-"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are "
-"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such "
-"as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
+"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:401
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as <quote>the air and oceans, "
+"the web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the "
+"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the "
+"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the "
+"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are "
+"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:413
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
"range of areas including cultural heritage, education, research, technology, "
-"art, design, literature, entertainment, business, and data. Human-produced "
+"art, design, literature, entertainment, business, and data. Human-produced "
"works in all these areas are increasingly digital. The Internet is a kind of "
"global, digital commons. The individuals, organizations, and businesses we "
"profile in our case studies use Creative Commons to share their resources "
"online over the Internet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:428
+msgid ""
+"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
+"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:436
+msgid "Ibid., 15."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:424
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
-"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.2 The creators, "
-"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with commoning. "
-"Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social practice of "
-"commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a community of "
-"users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that balance the "
+"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The creators, organizations, and businesses we "
+"profile are all engaged with commoning. Their use of Creative Commons "
+"involves them in the social practice of commoning, managing resources in a "
+"collective manner with a community of users.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that balance the "
"costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the community. Special "
"regard is given to equitable access, use, and sustainability."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
-msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:443
+msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:449
+msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:445
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
-"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms "
-"today.4"
+"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms today."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:458
+msgid "Ibid., 175."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:453
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
"state. The extent of engagement with market or state varies. Some operate "
-"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or state.5 "
-"Others are very much a part of the market or state, depending on them for "
-"financial sustainability. All operate as hybrids, blending the norms of the "
-"commons with those of the market or state."
+"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or state."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others are very much a part of the "
+"market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All operate "
+"as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the market or "
+"state."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:465
msgid ""
-"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
-"engagement with commons, state, and market."
+"Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1\"/> is a depiction of "
+"how an enterprise can have varying levels of engagement with commons, state, "
+"and market."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:469
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
"which they operate."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:480
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
"strong sense of values, and the ability to blend the best of both."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:489
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
"copyright, business, and finance can all be designed to foster the commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
-msgid ""
-"{width=\"6.5in\" "
-"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:503
+msgid "Enterprise engagement with commons, state and market."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:500
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:922
+msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:509
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
"success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
-msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:520
+msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:525
+msgid ""
+"Daniel H. Cole, <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the "
+"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Governing Knowledge "
+"Commons, eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. "
+"Strandburg (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:522
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
-"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
-"considered things like the biophysical characteristics of common resources, "
-"the community’s actors and the interactions that take place between them, "
-"rules-in-use, and outcomes. That framework has been simplified and "
-"generalized to apply to the commons, the market, and the state for this "
-"chapter."
+"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Her framework considered things like the "
+"biophysical characteristics of common resources, the community’s actors and "
+"the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and outcomes. "
+"That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the commons, "
+"the market, and the state for this chapter."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:538
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
"characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and "
"rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with "
-"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)."
+"outcomes of that use (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend="
+"\"fig-2\"/>)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
-msgid ""
-"{width=\"6.5in\" "
-"height=\"6.5in\"}"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:552
+msgid "Four aspects of resource management"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
-msgid "#### Characteristics"
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:549
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:558
+msgid "Characteristics"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:560
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
"which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:567
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
-"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
+"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
"used, the supply becomes scarce or depleted. Scarcity can result in "
"competing rivalry for the resource. Made with Creative Commons enterprises "
"are usually digitally based but some of our case studies also produce "
"physical good usually require them to engage with the market."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:578
msgid ""
-"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
+"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
"nonrivalrous. If I share a digital resource with you, we both have the "
"resource. Giving it to you does not mean I no longer have it. Digital "
"inherent characteristic of digital resources."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:588
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
-"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
+"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
"different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not "
"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. "
"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:596
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
"digital file of a book can be printed on paper and made into a physical "
"book. A computer-rendered design for furniture can be physically "
-"manufactured in wood. This conversion from digital to physical invariably "
-"has costs. Often the digital resources are managed in a free and open way, "
+"manufactured in wood. This conversion from digital to physical invariably "
+"has costs. Often the digital resources are managed in a free and open way, "
"but money is charged to convert a digital resource into a physical one."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:607
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
-"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
-"private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The state "
-"sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. The "
-"commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth extending "
-"beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to "
-"future generations."
+"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
+"linkend=\"fig-3\"/>). The market sees resources as private goods—commodities "
+"for sale—from which value is extracted. The state sees resources as public "
+"goods that provide value to state citizens. The commons sees resources as "
+"common goods, providing a common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, "
+"to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to future generations."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
-msgid "#### People and processes"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:617
+msgid "People and processes"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:619
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
"and how a resource is managed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:624
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
"resources are not directly involved; instead, that responsibility is given "
-"over to the government. State ministries and departments staffed with public "
-"servants set budgets, implement programs, and manage resources based on "
-"government priorities and procedures."
+"over to the government. State ministries and departments staffed with "
+"public servants set budgets, implement programs, and manage resources based "
+"on government priorities and procedures."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
"consumers on the basis of a cash transaction."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:644
msgid ""
-"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
-"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
-"put them in the commons by personal choice. No permission from state or "
-"market is required. Anyone can participate in the commons and determine for "
-"themselves the extent to which they want to be involved—as a contributor, "
-"user, or manager. The people involved include not only those who create and "
-"use resources but those affected by outcome of use. Who you are affects your "
-"say, actions you can take, and extent of decision making. In the commons, "
-"the community as a whole manages the resources. Resources put into the "
-"commons using Creative Commons require users to give the original creator "
-"credit. Knowing the person behind a resource makes the commons less "
-"anonymous and more personal."
+"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
+"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642
msgid ""
-"{width=\"6.5in\" "
-"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
+"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
+"directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Creators of human produced resources can put them in the commons by personal "
+"choice. No permission from state or market is required. Anyone can "
+"participate in the commons and determine for themselves the extent to which "
+"they want to be involved—as a contributor, user, or manager. The people "
+"involved include not only those who create and use resources but those "
+"affected by outcome of use. Who you are affects your say, actions you can "
+"take, and extent of decision making. In the commons, the community as a "
+"whole manages the resources. Resources put into the commons using Creative "
+"Commons require users to give the original creator credit. Knowing the "
+"person behind a resource makes the commons less anonymous and more personal."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:662
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:669
+msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
-msgid "#### Norms and rules"
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:666
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:676
+msgid "Norms and rules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
"define permissions, allocate entitlements, and resolve disputes."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:684
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
"market and commons through the rules it passes."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:692
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
"defined by the state."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:704
+msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:697
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
"defined by the community. They weigh individual costs and benefits against "
"the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not "
-"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability.9"
+"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
-msgid "#### Goals"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:709
+msgid "Goals"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:711
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
"state, market, and commons have."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:723
+msgid ""
+"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a "
+"Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the "
+"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. "
+"Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718
msgid ""
-"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
-"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
-"utility they provide. The goal then becomes maximizing total monetary value "
-"in the economy.10 Units consumed translates to sales, revenue, profit, and "
-"growth, and these are all ways to measure goals of the market."
+"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we "
+"pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility "
+"they provide. The goal then becomes maximizing total monetary value in the "
+"economy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Units consumed translates "
+"to sales, revenue, profit, and growth, and these are all ways to measure "
+"goals of the market."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:733
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
"measures."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
-"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
+"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
"looking at how many people access and use a resource; how users are "
"distributed across gender, income, and location; if a community to extend "
"and enhance the resources is being formed; and if the resources are being "
"used in innovative ways for personal and social good."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
"managing resources."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
-msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
-msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:759
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "A Short History of the Commons"
+msgstr "### Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:761
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
"about the commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
"history."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:781
+msgid ""
+"Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for "
+"the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, "
+"2014), 42–43."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:777
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
-"many other things collectively as a commons.11 There was no market, no "
-"global economy. The state in the form of rulers influenced the commons but "
-"by no means controlled it. Direct social participation in a commons was the "
-"primary way in which resources were managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 "
-"illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)"
+"many other things collectively as a commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of "
+"rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social "
+"participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were "
+"managed and needs met. (Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend="
+"\"fig-4\"/> illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:797
+msgid "In preindustrialized society."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:794
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806
+msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:810
msgid ""
-"{width=\"6.5in\" "
-"height=\"3.389in\"}"
+"Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
+"Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; "
+"and Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 88."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803
msgid ""
-"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
-"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
-"the commons.12 In olden days, “commoners” were evicted from the land, fences "
-"and hedges erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.13 "
-"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became "
-"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)."
+"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking "
+"over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the "
+"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, "
+"<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges "
+"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the "
+"state and the state became the primary means by which resources were "
+"managed. (See Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-5\"/>)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:819
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
"With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became "
-"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved "
+"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved "
"into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating "
"the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were "
"revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over "
"time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of "
-"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is "
-"the primary means by which resources are managed."
+"living, improved health, and education. Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
+"linkend=\"fig-6\"/> shows how today the market is the primary means by which "
+"resources are managed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
-msgid ""
-"{width=\"6.5in\" "
-"height=\"3.389in\"}"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:833
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:839
+msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:836
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:850
+msgid ""
+"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay "
+"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. "
+"Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and "
+"will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The "
+"commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer "
+"support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism "
+"and a justification for private property and free markets."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:878
msgid ""
-"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
-"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
-"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to "
-"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then "
-"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. "
-"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
-"justification for private property and free markets."
+"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
+"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and "
+"Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:861
msgid ""
-"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
-"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
-"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying "
-"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural "
-"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without "
-"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government "
-"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: "
-"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are "
+"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the "
+"Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons "
+"work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work "
+"studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that "
+"natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities "
+"without any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. "
+"Government and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third "
+"way: management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are "
"directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The "
"people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have "
"the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best "
"situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the governance of natural "
"resources broke with convention; she recognized the importance of the "
"commons as an alternative to the market or state for solving problems of "
-"collective action.14"
+"collective action.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:885
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
"accurately be titled The Tragedy of the Market."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:901
+msgid ""
+"Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott "
+"and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:897
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
-"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
-"known about how abundance works.15 The emergence of information technology "
-"and the Internet has led to an explosion in digital resources and new means "
-"of sharing and distribution. Digital resources can never be depleted. An "
-"absence of a theory or model for how abundance works, however, has led the "
-"market to make digital resources artificially scarce and makes it possible "
-"for the usual market norms and rules to be applied."
+"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
+"known about how abundance works.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"The emergence of information technology and the Internet has led to an "
+"explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and distribution. "
+"Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a theory or model for "
+"how abundance works, however, has led the market to make digital resources "
+"artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual market norms and "
+"rules to be applied."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:913
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
"the public that paid for them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
-msgid ""
-"{width=\"6.5in\" "
-"height=\"3.389in\"}"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:920
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:927
+msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:924
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
-msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934
+msgid "The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
"this practice of sharing into a set of principles and freedoms:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:944
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:950
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
"as you wish."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:957
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
-msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:963
+msgid ""
+"<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free "
+"Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, "
+"2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:962
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:987
+msgid ""
+"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November "
+"22, 2016."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:976
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
"recognized and accepted. Customers liked the way open source gave them "
"control without being locked into a closed, proprietary technology. Free and "
"open-source software also generated a network effect where the value of a "
-"product or service increases with the number of people using it.17 The "
-"dramatic growth of the Internet itself owes much to the fact that nobody has "
-"a proprietary lock on core Internet protocols."
+"product or service increases with the number of people using it.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The dramatic growth of the Internet itself owes "
+"much to the fact that nobody has a proprietary lock on core Internet "
+"protocols."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1002
+msgid ""
+"Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the "
+"Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, "
+"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www."
+"catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:994
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
"standards of open-source software evolved alongside organizations that "
"managed software code on principles of abundance rather than scarcity. Eric "
-"Raymond’s essay “The Magic Cauldron” does a great job of analyzing the "
-"economics and business models associated with open-source software.18 These "
-"models can provide examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with "
-"Creative Commons."
+"Raymond’s essay <quote>The Magic Cauldron</quote> does a great job of "
+"analyzing the economics and business models associated with open-source "
+"software.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide "
+"examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1011
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
"permission."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1030
+msgid ""
+"New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
+"People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, "
+"2011), <ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1024
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
"relationships, seeks to change opinions, encourages action, and informs "
"others about who we are and what we care about. Sharing lets us feel more "
-"involved with the world.19"
+"involved with the world.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1038
#, fuzzy
-msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
-msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
+msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons"
+msgstr "### Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1040
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
"standardized way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1060
+msgid ""
+"<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December "
+"30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-"
+"considerations/\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
"beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the "
"Web to know a work is Creative Commons–licensed by expressing permissions in "
"a way that software systems, search engines, and other kinds of technology "
-"can understand.20 Taken together, these three layers ensure creators, users, "
-"and even the Web itself understand the norms and rules associated with "
-"digital content in a commons."
+"can understand.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Taken together, "
+"these three layers ensure creators, users, and even the Web itself "
+"understand the norms and rules associated with digital content in a commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1068
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
-"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
-"are using Creative Commons licenses all around the world, in thirty-four "
+"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are "
+"using Creative Commons licenses all around the world, in thirty-four "
"languages. These resources include photos, artwork, research articles in "
"journals, educational resources, music and other audio tracks, and videos."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1081
+msgid ""
+"Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative "
+"Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1076
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
"and publishers. Millions of websites use CC licenses, including major "
-"platforms like Wikipedia and Flickr and smaller ones like blogs.21 Users of "
-"Creative Commons are diverse and cut across many different sectors. (Our "
-"case studies were chosen to reflect that diversity.)"
+"platforms like Wikipedia and Flickr and smaller ones like blogs.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Users of Creative Commons are diverse and cut "
+"across many different sectors. (Our case studies were chosen to reflect that "
+"diversity.)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1089
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
-"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
+"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
"committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, "
"participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social "
"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. "
"software movement."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1101
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
"use, and modify."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1114
msgid ""
-"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
+"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified "
+"September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
+"Open_Government_Partnership\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1109
+msgid ""
+"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
"platform for governments to become more open, accountable, and responsive to "
"citizens. Since then, it has grown from eight participating countries to "
-"seventy.22 In all these countries, government and civil society are working "
-"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government reforms. "
-"Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure works "
-"funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid for "
-"them."
+"seventy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In all these countries, "
+"government and civil society are working together to develop and implement "
+"ambitious open-government reforms. Governments are increasingly adopting "
+"Creative Commons to ensure works funded with taxpayer dollars are open and "
+"free to the public that paid for them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1125
+msgid "The Changing Market"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1133
+msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
-msgid "### The Changing Market"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1141
+msgid "Ibid., 116."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1127
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
"growth. A perception that the market is more efficient than the state has "
"led to continual privatization of many public natural resources, utilities, "
-"services, and infrastructures.23 While this system has been highly efficient "
-"at generating consumerism and the growth of gross domestic product, the "
-"impact on human well-being has been mixed. Offsetting rising living "
-"standards and improvements to health and education are ever-increasing "
-"wealth inequality, social inequality, poverty, deterioration of our natural "
-"environment, and breakdowns of democracy.24"
+"services, and infrastructures.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"While this system has been highly efficient at generating consumerism and "
+"the growth of gross domestic product, the impact on human well-being has "
+"been mixed. Offsetting rising living standards and improvements to health "
+"and education are ever-increasing wealth inequality, social inequality, "
+"poverty, deterioration of our natural environment, and breakdowns of "
+"democracy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1151
+msgid ""
+"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm "
+"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/"
+"globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1145
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
"economically inclusive, that environmental sustainability is a requirement "
"not an option, and that we need to better balance the market, state and "
-"community.25"
+"community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1163
+msgid ""
+"City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
+"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory "
+"for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, 2014), "
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-"
+"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-"
+"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1173
+msgid ""
+"The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/"
+">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/"
+"amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1158
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
"collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the care "
-"and regeneration of urban commons.26 Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves "
-"“sharing cities,” looking to make sustainable and more efficient use of "
-"scarce resources. They see sharing as a way to improve the use of public "
-"spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and safety.27"
+"and regeneration of urban commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves <quote>sharing cities,</quote> looking "
+"to make sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see "
+"sharing as a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social "
+"cohesion, and safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1190
+msgid ""
+"Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR "
+"Books, 2015), 42."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1180
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
-"lodging and Uber providing a platform for ride sharing. However, Airbnb and "
+"lodging and Uber providing a platform for ride sharing. However, Airbnb and "
"Uber are still largely operating under the usual norms and rules of the "
"market, making them less like a commons and more like a traditional business "
"seeking financial gain. Much of the sharing economy is not about the commons "
"or building an alternative to a corporate-driven market economy; it’s about "
-"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our lives.28 While "
-"none of the people we interviewed for our case studies would describe "
-"themselves as part of the sharing economy, there are in fact some "
-"significant parallels. Both the sharing economy and the commons make better "
-"use of asset capacity. The sharing economy sees personal residents and cars "
-"as having latent spare capacity with rental value. The equitable access of "
-"the commons broadens and diversifies the number of people who can use and "
-"derive value from an asset."
+"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our lives."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> While none of the people we "
+"interviewed for our case studies would describe themselves as part of the "
+"sharing economy, there are in fact some significant parallels. Both the "
+"sharing economy and the commons make better use of asset capacity. The "
+"sharing economy sees personal residents and cars as having latent spare "
+"capacity with rental value. The equitable access of the commons broadens and "
+"diversifies the number of people who can use and derive value from an asset."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1212
+msgid ""
+"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
+"Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, "
+"2010), 78."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1202
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
"function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where "
-"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-"
+"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-"
"processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but "
-"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are "
+"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are "
"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these "
-"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
+"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1218
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
"Creative Commons licenses are used to put digital content out in the "
"commons, taking advantage of the unique economics associated with being "
"digital. The aim is to see digital resources used as widely and by as many "
-"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. "
+"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. "
"They aim for abundance over scarcity."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1237
+msgid ""
+"Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
+"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave "
+"Macmillan, 2014), 273."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1232
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
"abundance rather than scarcity is so alien to the way we conceive of "
-"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.30 Those that are "
-"Made with Creative Commons are each pioneering in this new landscape, "
-"devising their own economic models and practice."
+"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Those that are Made with Creative Commons are each "
+"pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models and "
+"practice."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1245
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
"looking to change the norms and rules by which the market operates."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1259
+msgid ""
+"Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
+"Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
+"from the Ground Up (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013), 39."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1268
+msgid ""
+"Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
+"Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1252
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
"benefit stockholders. But new forms of business are emerging. There are "
"benefit corporations and social enterprises, which broaden their business "
"goals from making a profit to making a positive impact on society, workers, "
-"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, worker-"
-"owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational forms offer "
-"alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these alternative "
-"market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32"
+"the community, and the environment.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Community-owned businesses, worker-owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, "
+"and other organizational forms offer alternatives to the traditional "
+"corporation. Collectively, these alternative market entities are changing "
+"the rules and norms of the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1280
+msgid ""
+"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
+"John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url="
+"\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1273
+msgid ""
+"<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this "
+"book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model "
+"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model is. "
+"Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving 470 "
+"coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking "
+"about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1290
+msgid ""
+"This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://"
+"strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298
msgid ""
-"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
-"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
-"our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over "
-"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five "
-"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models.33"
+"We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the "
+"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google."
+"com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You "
+"can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/"
+"d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1287
msgid ""
-"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
-"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
-"anyone to design their own business model. We remixed this business model "
-"canvas into an open business model canvas, adding three more building blocks "
-"relevant to hybrid market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative "
-"Commons license, and “type of open environment that the business fits in.”35 "
-"This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses and helped "
-"start-ups plan their economic model."
+"It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a "
+"business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their "
+"own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open "
+"business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid "
+"market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and "
+"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits in.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved "
+"useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their economic "
+"model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1308
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
-"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-"
+"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-"
"market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business "
-"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons "
+"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons "
"values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting "
"what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative "
"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, "
"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1330
+msgid ""
+"A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I "
+"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and "
+"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
+"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-"
+"can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1321
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
-"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but "
-"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, "
-"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn "
-"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to "
-"Bring In Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and "
-"each endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more "
-"than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple "
-"paths to sustainability."
+"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, <quote>digital for free "
+"but physical for a fee,</quote> crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add "
+"services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how "
+"to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see "
+"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways "
+"that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue "
+"streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
-msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1342
+msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1344
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
"many benefits."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1350
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
"or marketing. Decentralized distribution amplifies supply and know-how."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1359
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
"The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without "
"payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of "
-"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees "
+"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees "
"them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage "
"in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the "
"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes "
"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1372
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
"your own, and mixing yours with others to create new works are all dynamic "
-"forms of participation made possible by the commons. Being Made with "
+"forms of participation made possible by the commons. Being Made with "
"Creative Commons means you’re engaging as many users with your resources as "
-"possible. Users are also authoring, editing, remixing, curating, localizing, "
-"translating, and distributing. The commons makes it possible for people to "
-"directly participate in culture, knowledge building, and even democracy, and "
-"many other socially beneficial practices."
+"possible. Users are also authoring, editing, remixing, curating, "
+"localizing, translating, and distributing. The commons makes it possible for "
+"people to directly participate in culture, knowledge building, and even "
+"democracy, and many other socially beneficial practices."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1394
+msgid ""
+"Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and "
+"Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–"
+"44."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1385
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
"customized, and improved results in derivative works never imagined by the "
"original creator. Some endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons "
"deliberately encourage users to take the resources being shared and innovate "
-"them. Doing so moves research and development (R&D) from being solely inside "
-"the organization to being in the community.37 Community-based innovation "
-"will keep an organization or business on its toes. It must continue to "
-"contribute new ideas, absorb and build on top of the innovations of others, "
-"and steward the resources and the relationship with the community."
+"them. Doing so moves research and development (R&D) from being solely "
+"inside the organization to being in the community.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Community-based innovation will keep an organization "
+"or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new ideas, absorb "
+"and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the resources and "
+"the relationship with the community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1403
msgid ""
-"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
+"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
"wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no borders "
"between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are often "
"build on their work both locally and globally."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1416
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
"commons generates value for a broader range of beneficiaries including the "
"business, the customer, the creator, the public, and the commons itself. The "
"generative nature of the commons means that it is more cost-effective and "
-"produces a greater return on investment. Value is not just measured in "
+"produces a greater return on investment. Value is not just measured in "
"financial terms. Each new resource added to the commons provides value to "
"the public and contributes to the overall value of the commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1430
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
"common good. The costs and benefits for the individual are balanced with the "
-"costs and benefits for the community and for future generations. Resources "
+"costs and benefits for the community and for future generations. Resources "
"are not anonymous or mass produced. Their provenance is known and "
"acknowledged through attribution and other means. Those that are Made with "
"Creative Commons generate awareness and reputation based on their "
"contributions to the commons. The reach, impact, and sustainability of those "
"contributions rest largely on their ability to forge relationships and "
-"connections with those who use and improve them. By functioning on the "
-"basis of social engagement, not monetary exchange, the commons unifies "
-"people."
+"connections with those who use and improve them. By functioning on the basis "
+"of social engagement, not monetary exchange, the commons unifies people."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1445
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
"option of choice."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
-msgid "### Our Case Studies"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1452
+msgid "Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1454
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
-"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
-"they all have a social mission. Their primary reason for being is to make "
-"the world a better place, not to profit. Money is a means to a social end, "
-"not the end itself. They factor public interest into decisions, behavior, "
-"and practices. Transparency and trust are really important. Impact and "
-"success are measured against social aims expressed in mission statements, "
-"and are not just about the financial bottom line."
+"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal "
+"status, they all have a social mission. Their primary reason for being is "
+"to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money is a means to a "
+"social end, not the end itself. They factor public interest into decisions, "
+"behavior, and practices. Transparency and trust are really important. Impact "
+"and success are measured against social aims expressed in mission "
+"statements, and are not just about the financial bottom line."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1466
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
"sustainability, they emphasized their mission, practices, and means by which "
-"they measure success. Metrics of success are a blend of how social goals are "
-"being met and how sustainable the enterprise is."
+"they measure success. Metrics of success are a blend of how social goals "
+"are being met and how sustainable the enterprise is."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1474
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
"resources."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1484
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
"participation is open to all regardless of monetary means."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1492
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
"global community is conducive to success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1499
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
"of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more "
"than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are "
"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. "
-"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; "
+"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; "
"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the "
"commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1512
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
-"functioning within market and state systems. The commons generates benefits "
+"functioning within market and state systems. The commons generates benefits "
"neither the market nor state can achieve on their own. Rather than the "
"market or state dominating as primary means of resource management, a more "
"balanced alternative is possible."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1521
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
"and insights on how it works."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
-msgid "### Notes"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
-msgid ""
-"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
-msgid ""
-"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
-"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
-msgid "Ibid., 15."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
-msgid "Ibid., 145."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
-msgid "Ibid., 175."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
-msgid ""
-"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
-"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
-"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New "
-"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
-msgid ""
-"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
-"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
-msgid ""
-"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
-"Knowledge Commons, 59."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
-"10. Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in\n"
-" a Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the\n"
-" Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and\n"
-" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015),\n"
-" 201–4.\n"
-"11. Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the\n"
-" Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola\n"
-" Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43.\n"
-"12. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78.\n"
-"13. Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal\n"
-" System in Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA:\n"
-" Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; and Bollier, Think Like a\n"
-" Commoner, 88.\n"
-"14. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J.\n"
-" Strandburg, “Governing Knowledge Commons,” in Frischmann, Madison,\n"
-" and Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12.\n"
-"15. Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” in Elliott and\n"
-" Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203.\n"
-"16. “What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software\n"
-" Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30,\n"
-" 2016, www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.\n"
-"17. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November\n"
-" 22, 2016.\n"
-"18. Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the\n"
-" Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental\n"
-" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001),\n"
-" www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n"
-"19. New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing:\n"
-" Why Do People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer\n"
-" Insight Group, 2011), www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf.\n"
-"20. “Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30,\n"
-" 2016, creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/.\n"
-"21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA:\n"
-" Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/.\n"
-"22. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified\n"
-" September 24, 2016,\n"
-" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n"
-"23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114.\n"
-"24. Ibid., 116.\n"
-"25. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm\n"
-" Statement” accessed February 15, 2017,\n"
-" sida.se/globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\n"
-"26. City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and\n"
-" the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n"
-" LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n"
-" City of Bologna, 2014),\n"
-" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
-"27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n"
-" Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n"
-"28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n"
-" York: OR Books, 2015), 42.\n"
-"29. Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by\n"
-" Giving Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York:\n"
-" Hyperion, 2010), 78.\n"
-"30. Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of\n"
-" Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism\n"
-" (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), 273.\n"
-"31. Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next\n"
-" American Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a\n"
-" Community-Sustaining Economy from the Ground Up (White River\n"
-" Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013), 39.\n"
-"32. Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership\n"
-" Revolution; Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco:\n"
-" Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9.\n"
-"33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n"
-" (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is\n"
-" available at strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n"
-"34. This business model canvas is available to download at\n"
-" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n"
-"35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n"
-" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at\n"
-" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
-" You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n"
-" Questions at\n"
-" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
-"36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n"
-" post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n"
-" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at\n"
-" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
-"37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n"
-" and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n"
-" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1532
#, fuzzy
-msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
-msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
+msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
+msgstr "## Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1534
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1537
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
"Kickstarter backers, we chose twenty-four endeavors from all around the "
"world that are Made with Creative Commons. The mix is diverse, from an "
"individual musician to a university-textbook publisher to an electronics "
-"manufacturer. Some make their own content and share under Creative Commons "
+"manufacturer. Some make their own content and share under Creative Commons "
"licensing. Others are platforms for CC-licensed creative work made by "
"others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative "
"work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these "
"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1553
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
"licenses, modes of revenue generation, definitions of success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1563
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
"research."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1568
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1581
+msgid ""
+"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
+"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1577
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
-"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
-"captures value.”1 Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing "
-"value always felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something "
-"we heard time and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us "
-"in our interview with him, “Business model can mean anything you want it to "
-"mean.”"
+"model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, "
+"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+"> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always "
+"felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time "
+"and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our "
+"interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it to "
+"mean.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1593
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
"that as our guiding rubric for the book."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1600
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
"way of thinking before you read any further."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1610
msgid ""
-"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
+"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
"there was one constant. Being Made with Creative Commons may be good for "
"business, but that is not why they do it. Sharing work with Creative Commons "
"about the impact of sharing on business might be a little off track."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1622
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
"it was clear that it meant something more than using a copyright license. It "
-"also represented a set of values. There is symbolism behind using CC, and "
+"also represented a set of values. There is symbolism behind using CC, and "
"that symbolism has many layers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1630
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
"reflect a belief in the promise of sharing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1644
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
-"interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create "
-"something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the "
-"copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a "
-"marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can be "
-"a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather than "
-"an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of "
+"interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create "
+"something, <quote>all rights reserved</quote> under copyright is automatic, "
+"so the copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as "
+"a marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can "
+"be a symbol of the opposite—of wanting a real human relationship, rather "
+"than an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of "
"connection."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1656
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
"what you do. In our interviews, we always asked what success looked like for "
-"them. It was stunning how rarely money was mentioned. Most have a deeper "
+"them. It was stunning how rarely money was mentioned. Most have a deeper "
"purpose and a different vision of success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1669
+msgid ""
+"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
+"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1664
msgid ""
-"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
+"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
-"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually start "
-"doing what they do for love.”2 But when you share your creative work under a "
-"CC license, that dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for "
-"technological innovators, it is often less about creating a specific new "
-"thing that will make you rich and more about solving a specific problem you "
-"have. The creators of Arduino told us that the key question when creating "
-"something is “Do you as the creator want to use it? It has to have personal "
-"use and meaning.”"
+"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, <quote>Creators usually "
+"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that "
+"dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it "
+"is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich "
+"and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino "
+"told us that the key question when creating something is <quote>Do you as "
+"the creator want to use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1681
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
"OK to share their content using a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1691
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
"connection are integral to success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1701
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
"enough money to keep the lights on."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1706
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
"for any creative endeavor. Digital technology has made it easier than ever "
"to create, and easier than ever to distribute. As Doctorow put it in his "
-"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, “If analog dollars have turned "
-"into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), there is "
-"the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same amount of "
-"advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”"
+"book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, <quote>If analog dollars have "
+"turned into digital dimes (as the critics of ad-supported media have it), "
+"there is the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same "
+"amount of advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1723
+msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1718
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
"painting. Technology can’t change that. But other costs are dramatically "
"reduced by technology, particularly in production-heavy domains like "
-"filmmaking.3 CC-licensed content and content in the public domain, as well "
-"as the work of volunteer collaborators, can also dramatically reduce costs "
-"if they’re being used as resources to create something new. And, of course, "
-"there is the reality that some content would be created whether or not the "
-"creator is paid because it is a labor of love."
+"filmmaking.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> CC-licensed content and "
+"content in the public domain, as well as the work of volunteer "
+"collaborators, can also dramatically reduce costs if they’re being used as "
+"resources to create something new. And, of course, there is the reality that "
+"some content would be created whether or not the creator is paid because it "
+"is a labor of love."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1735
+msgid ""
+"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
+"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
+"224."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
-"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
-"The costs to distribute physical copies are still significant, but lower "
-"than they have been historically. And it is now much easier to print and "
-"distribute physical copies on-demand, which also reduces costs. Depending on "
-"the endeavor, there can be a whole host of other possible expenses like "
-"marketing and promotion, and even expenses associated with the various ways "
-"money is being made, like touring or custom training."
+"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The costs to distribute physical "
+"copies are still significant, but lower than they have been historically. "
+"And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical copies on-demand, "
+"which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there can be a whole "
+"host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, and even "
+"expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like touring "
+"or custom training."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1757
+msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1747
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
"distribution themselves. People now often have a direct route to their "
"potential public without necessarily needing intermediaries like record "
-"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, “If you’re a creator who never "
-"got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is your "
-"time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the "
+"labels and book publishers. Doctorow wrote, <quote>If you’re a creator who "
+"never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is "
+"your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the "
"assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds "
-"of ways to do it without them.”5 Previously, distribution of creative work "
-"involved the costs associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now "
-"creators can do the work themselves. That means the financial needs of "
-"creative endeavors can be a lot more modest."
+"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs "
+"associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work "
+"themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a "
+"lot more modest."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1764
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
-"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
-"You need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit "
+"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You "
+"need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit "
"looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those "
-"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot "
-"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It "
-"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. "
-"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really "
-"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going "
-"day to day.”"
+"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of <quote>enough money</quote> "
+"looks a lot different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock "
+"options. It is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and "
+"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, <quote>Business model is a "
+"really grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation "
+"going day to day.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1777
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
"pursue this new way of operating."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1785
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
-"“problem zero.”"
+"<quote>problem zero.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
-msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1790
+msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1797
+msgid ""
+"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
+"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1812
+msgid ""
+"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
+"2012), 64."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1792
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
-"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
-"to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and mean "
-"something, for anything to work at all.”6 There isn’t any magic to finding "
-"your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to connect "
-"with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some "
-"ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf space, so "
-"there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need imaginable. This "
-"is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where consumption becomes less "
-"about mainstream mass “hits” and more about micromarkets for every "
-"particular niche. As Anderson wrote, “We are all different, with different "
-"wants and needs, and the Internet now has a place for all of them in the way "
-"that physical markets did not.”7 We are no longer limited to what appeals to "
-"the masses."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
-msgid ""
-"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
-"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
-"get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows "
-"larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing for "
-"attention against more content creators than ever before, you are competing "
-"against creativity generated outside the market as well.8 Anderson wrote, "
-"“The greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people "
-"spend consuming amateur content instead of professional content.”9 To top it "
-"all off, you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too—“friends, "
-"family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.”10 Somehow, "
-"some way, you have to get noticed by the right people."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
+"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, "
+"<quote>It has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people "
+"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at all.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to "
+"finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to "
+"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. "
+"In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf "
+"space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need "
+"imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where "
+"consumption becomes less about mainstream mass <quote>hits</quote> and more "
+"about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, <quote>We "
+"are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has "
+"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did not.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to "
+"what appeals to the masses."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1826
+msgid ""
+"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
+"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1833
+msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1838
+msgid ""
+"Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New "
+"York: Morgan James, 2016), 10."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1818
+msgid ""
+"While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than "
+"in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to "
+"actually get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only "
+"grows larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you "
+"competing for attention against more content creators than ever before, you "
+"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as well."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The "
+"greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend "
+"consuming amateur content instead of professional content.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have "
+"to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, family, "
+"music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by "
+"the right people."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1852
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 62."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
"is even any demand for it. In many cases, requiring payment for your work is "
"part of the traditional copyright system. Even a tiny cost has a big effect "
-"on demand. It’s called the penny gap—the large difference in demand between "
+"on demand. It’s called the penny gap—the large difference in demand between "
"something that is available at the price of one cent versus the price of "
-"zero.11 That doesn’t mean it is wrong to charge money for your content. It "
-"simply means you need to recognize the effect that doing so will have on "
-"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the work. "
-"If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting "
-"people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
-"counterproductive."
+"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That doesn’t mean it is wrong "
+"to charge money for your content. It simply means you need to recognize the "
+"effect that doing so will have on demand. The same principle applies to "
+"restricting access to copy the work. If your problem is how to get "
+"discovered and find <quote>your people,</quote> prohibiting people from "
+"copying your work and sharing it with others is counterproductive."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1866
+msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1862
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
-"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
-"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”12"
+"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is "
+"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1870
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
"community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1888
+msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
"work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it "
-"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to "
-"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.”13"
+"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, <quote>Our natural human impulses "
+"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1892
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
"convenient to ever fully stop it. Try as the copyright industry might to "
"persuade us otherwise, copying a copyrighted work just doesn’t feel like "
-"stealing a loaf of bread. And, of course, that’s because it isn’t. Sharing "
-"a creative work has no impact on anyone else’s ability to make use of it."
+"stealing a loaf of bread. And, of course, that’s because it isn’t. Sharing a "
+"creative work has no impact on anyone else’s ability to make use of it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1901
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
"playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your "
-"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money "
-"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they "
-"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-"
-"resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain and "
-"making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
+"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, <quote>We could spend a lot of "
+"money trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And "
+"they will use bad-quality versions.</quote> Instead, they started releasing "
+"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain "
+"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared "
"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from "
"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all "
"of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1921
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 86."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1917
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
-"potentially abundant resource it is.14 When you see information abundance as "
-"a feature, not a bug, you start thinking about the ways to use the idling "
-"capacity of your content to your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric "
-"Steuer once said, “Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.”"
+"potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+"> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start "
+"thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your "
+"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, <quote>Using CC "
+"licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1932
+msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1929
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
-"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
-"Similarly, the makers of the Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop "
-"people from copying their hardware, so they decided not to even try and "
-"instead look for the benefits of being open. For them, the result is one of "
-"the most ubiquitous pieces of hardware in the world, with a thriving online "
-"community of tinkerers and innovators that have done things with their work "
-"they never could have done otherwise."
+"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Similarly, the makers of the "
+"Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their "
+"hardware, so they decided not to even try and instead look for the benefits "
+"of being open. For them, the result is one of the most ubiquitous pieces of "
+"hardware in the world, with a thriving online community of tinkerers and "
+"innovators that have done things with their work they never could have done "
+"otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1942
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
-msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1946
+msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1948
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
"the shoulder to those who come across the work—a nudge to copy the work if "
"they have any inkling of doing so. All things being equal, if one piece of "
"content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t Share (which is "
-"what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?"
+"what <quote>©</quote> means), which do you think people are more likely to "
+"share?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1960
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
"their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1977
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 123."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1969
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
-"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
-"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you are "
-"doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of saying "
-"this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might as well "
-"put things everywhere.”16 This strategy is what often motivates companies to "
-"make their products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic "
-"applies to making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is "
-"free (as in cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more "
-"accessible and likely to spread."
+"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
+"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: <quote>Take whatever it is you "
+"are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of "
+"saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might "
+"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their "
+"products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to "
+"making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in "
+"cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible "
+"and likely to spread."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1991
+msgid "Ibid., 132."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1996
+msgid "Ibid., 70."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1986
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
"The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work "
-"spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because we simply "
-"have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because a large "
-"following is at least a partial indicator of quality or usefulness.18"
+"spurs others to want to do the same.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+"> This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in herd "
+"behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a partial "
+"indicator of quality or usefulness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
-msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2001
+msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2015
+msgid ""
+"James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. "
+"Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how "
+"rarely they are invoked.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2003
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
"norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate "
"people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms "
"anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the "
-"marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect a set of wishes "
-"on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people "
-"are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case "
-"for something as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of "
-"fairness as providing credit."
+"marketplace and the society at large.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+"> CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the "
+"vast majority of circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow "
+"those wishes. This is particularly the case for something as straightforward "
+"and consistent with basic notions of fairness as providing credit."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2026
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
"the most people see and cite your work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2040
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
"came from—the source of a work is sometimes just as interesting as the work "
"itself. Opendesk is a platform for furniture designers to share their "
-"designs. Consumers who like those designs can then get matched with local "
+"designs. Consumers who like those designs can then get matched with local "
"makers who turn the designs into real-life furniture. The fact that I, "
"sitting in the middle of the United States, can pick out a design created by "
"a designer in Tokyo and then use a maker within my own community to "
"platform. The provenance of the design is a special part of the product."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2055
msgid ""
"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
"is more valuable than ever."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
-msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2065
+msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2067
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
"people to your other product or service."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2089
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 44."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
"most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of "
"catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical "
"goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more "
-"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. "
+"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. "
"Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free "
"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people "
-"bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
+"bought in music stores.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Free can be "
+"a form of promotion."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2093
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
"marketing. The textbook publisher OpenStax has also avoided hiring a "
"marketing team. Their products are free, or cheaper to buy in the case of "
"physical copies, which makes them much more attractive to students who then "
-"demand them from their universities. They also partner with service "
+"demand them from their universities. They also partner with service "
"providers who build atop the CC-licensed content and, in turn, spend money "
"and resources marketing those services (and by extension, the OpenStax "
"textbooks)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
-msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2110
+msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2113
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
"public participation in creative work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2127
+msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2120
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
"wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, "
"transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, "
-"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the "
-"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than others. "
-"With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the content "
-"is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the ability to "
-"adapt a photo is less important."
+"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the public."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Adaptation is more game changing "
+"in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the ability to "
+"customize and update the content is critically important for its usefulness. "
+"For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2140
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 67."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2145
+msgid "Ibid., 58."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2148
+msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2153
+msgid ""
+"Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
+"Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2135
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
-"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
-"don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result they "
-"don’t think as much about how they consume them.”22 If even the tiny act of "
-"volition of paying one penny for something changes our perception of that "
-"thing, then surely the act of remixing it enhances our perception "
-"exponentially.23 We know that people will pay more for products they had a "
-"part in creating.24 And we know that creating something, no matter what "
-"quality, brings with it a type of creative satisfaction that can never be "
-"replaced by consuming something created by someone else.25"
+"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People "
+"often don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result "
+"they don’t think as much about how they consume them.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one "
+"penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the "
+"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products they "
+"had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we know "
+"that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of "
+"creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something "
+"created by someone else.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2166
+msgid "Ibid., 21."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2159
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
"media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, "
-"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as "
-"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the "
-"event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied "
-"to your work."
+"Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your presence "
+"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is "
+"part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening "
+"the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2172
+msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
-msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2181
+msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2174
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
"are embedded in the traditional copyright system, like using digital rights "
"management (DRM) and signing exclusivity contracts, can tie the hands of "
-"creators, often at the expense of the creator’s best interest.27 Being Made "
-"with Creative Commons means you can function without those barriers and, in "
-"many cases, use the increased openness as a competitive advantage. David "
-"Harris from OpenStax said they specifically pursue strategies they know that "
-"traditional publishers cannot. “Don’t go into a market and play by the "
-"incumbent rules,” David said. “Change the rules of engagement.”"
+"creators, often at the expense of the creator’s best interest.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons means you can "
+"function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased "
+"openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they "
+"specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. "
+"<quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,</quote> David "
+"said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
-msgid "### Making Money"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2193
+msgid "Making Money"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2203
+msgid ""
+"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten "
+"Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring "
+"2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/"
+"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2195
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
-"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
+"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
"Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not actually "
"beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic institutions, "
"governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the organization out "
"of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional nonprofit funding "
-"operates.28 But in many cases, the revenue streams used by endeavors that "
-"are Made with Creative Commons are directly tied to the value they generate, "
-"where the recipient is paying for the value they receive like any standard "
-"market transaction. In still other cases, rather than the quid pro quo "
-"exchange of money for value that typically drives market transactions, the "
-"recipient gives money out of a sense of reciprocity."
+"operates.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But in many cases, the "
+"revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons are "
+"directly tied to the value they generate, where the recipient is paying for "
+"the value they receive like any standard market transaction. In still other "
+"cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of money for value that "
+"typically drives market transactions, the recipient gives money out of a "
+"sense of reciprocity."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2224
+msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2216
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
"funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are "
"particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) "
-"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets "
-"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not.”29"
+"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, <quote>The trick is in knowing when "
+"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not."
+"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2228
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
"interviewed. There is nuance hidden within the specific ways each of them "
"makes money, so it is a bit dangerous to generalize too much about what we "
-"learned. Nonetheless, zooming out and viewing things from a higher level of "
+"learned. Nonetheless, zooming out and viewing things from a higher level of "
"abstraction can be instructive."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
-msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237
+msgid "Market-based revenue streams"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2242
+msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2249
+msgid ""
+"Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance "
+"(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2239
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
-"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
-"Made with Creative Commons, the content you provide is available for free "
-"and not a market commodity. Like the ubiquitous freemium business model, any "
-"possible market transaction with a consumer of your content has to be based "
-"on some added value you provide.31"
+"is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> By definition, if you are Made with Creative Commons, the content "
+"you provide is available for free and not a market commodity. Like the "
+"ubiquitous freemium business model, any possible market transaction with a "
+"consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you provide."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2265
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 71."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2255
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
"industry is a testament to this fact. This is compounded by the fact that at "
"least some amount of copying is probably inevitable. That means you may end "
"up competing with free versions of your own content, whether you condone it "
-"or not.32 If people can easily find your content for free, getting people to "
-"buy it will be difficult, particularly in a context where access to content "
-"is more important than owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright "
-"protection schemes, whether coded into either law or software, are simply "
-"holding up a price against the force of gravity.”"
+"or not.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If people can easily find "
+"your content for free, getting people to buy it will be difficult, "
+"particularly in a context where access to content is more important than "
+"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, <quote>Copyright protection schemes, "
+"whether coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price "
+"against the force of gravity.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2284
+msgid "Ibid., 231."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2274
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
"or service becomes free, as information and content largely have in the "
-"digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a "
-"new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other than the "
-"content to provide value to your audience or customers. As Anderson says, "
-"“It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least "
-"different from the free version.”33"
+"digital age, other things become more valuable. <quote>Every abundance "
+"creates a new scarcity,</quote> he wrote. You just have to find some way "
+"other than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As "
+"Anderson says, <quote>It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something "
+"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2288
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
"with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2297
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or service."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2304
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2308
msgid ""
-"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED"
-"\\]*"
+"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-"
+"BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2318
+msgid "Ibid., 97."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2311
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
-"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information "
-"(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information "
-"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.”34 "
-"This can be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services "
-"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann."
+"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, <quote>Commodity information "
+"(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information "
+"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything from "
+"the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the "
+"custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> Mann."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2326
+msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
-msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2333
+msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2329
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
-"and atoms refer to a physical object).35 This is particularly successful in "
-"domains where the digital version of the content isn’t as valuable as the "
-"analog version, like book publishing where a significant subset of people "
-"still prefer reading something they can hold in their hands. Or in domains "
-"where the content isn’t useful until it is in physical form, like furniture "
-"designs. In those situations, a significant portion of consumers will pay "
-"for the convenience of having someone else put the physical version together "
-"for them. Some endeavors squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by "
-"using a Creative Commons license that only allows noncommercial uses, which "
-"means no one else can sell physical copies of their work in competition with "
-"them. This strategy of reserving commercial rights can be particularly "
-"important for items like books, where every printed copy of the same work is "
-"likely to be the same quality, so it is harder to differentiate one "
-"publishing service from another. On the other hand, for items like furniture "
-"or electronics, the provider of the physical goods can compete with other "
-"providers of the same works based on quality, service, or other traditional "
-"business principles."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
-msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
+"and atoms refer to a physical object).<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> This is particularly successful in domains where the digital version "
+"of the content isn’t as valuable as the analog version, like book publishing "
+"where a significant subset of people still prefer reading something they can "
+"hold in their hands. Or in domains where the content isn’t useful until it "
+"is in physical form, like furniture designs. In those situations, a "
+"significant portion of consumers will pay for the convenience of having "
+"someone else put the physical version together for them. Some endeavors "
+"squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by using a Creative Commons "
+"license that only allows noncommercial uses, which means no one else can "
+"sell physical copies of their work in competition with them. This strategy "
+"of reserving commercial rights can be particularly important for items like "
+"books, where every printed copy of the same work is likely to be the same "
+"quality, so it is harder to differentiate one publishing service from "
+"another. On the other hand, for items like furniture or electronics, the "
+"provider of the physical goods can compete with other providers of the same "
+"works based on quality, service, or other traditional business principles."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2357
+msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2360
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
"original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
-msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371
+msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2374
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
"revenue stream for museums and galleries."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2391
+msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2381
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
-"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
+"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
"these revenue streams, the free content is being subsidized by an entirely "
"different category of people or businesses. Often, those people or "
"businesses are paying to access your main audience. The fact that the "
"content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the "
"offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a "
-"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms.36 "
-"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—"
-"there are other services you can provide as well."
+"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Access to your audience isn’t the "
+"only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services you can "
+"provide as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2398
+msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
-msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2406
+msgid "Ibid., 92."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 142."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2401
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
"reach the set of eyeballs the content creators provide in the form of their "
-"audience.37 The Internet has made this model more difficult because the "
-"number of potential channels available to reach those eyeballs has become "
-"essentially infinite.38 Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for "
+"audience.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Internet has made "
+"this model more difficult because the number of potential channels available "
+"to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for "
"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. "
"Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be "
"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall "
"endeavor."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
-msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419
+msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2422
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
-"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
+"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. "
-"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” "
-"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of "
-"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily "
-"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have "
-"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation "
-"website."
+"The most well-known version of this model is the <quote>author-processing "
+"charge</quote> of open-access journals like those published by the Public "
+"Library of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is "
+"primarily funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to "
+"have their faculties participate as writers of the content on the "
+"Conversation website."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2436
+msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
-msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2441
+msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2439
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
-"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
-"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through CC-"
-"licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue when "
-"creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other platforms "
-"make money when service providers transact with their customers; for "
-"example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a maker "
-"to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
+"transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Curation is an important element of this model. Platforms like the Noun "
+"Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a high-"
+"quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make "
+"transactions with customers. Other platforms make money when service "
+"providers transact with their customers; for example, Opendesk makes money "
+"every time someone on their site pays a maker to make furniture based on one "
+"of the designs on the platform."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
-msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453
+msgid ""
+"Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2456
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
"the platform more discoverable and reusable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
-msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2466
+msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2469
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
"abundance of CC content."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
-msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2481
+msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2483
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
"scarcity."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2490
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
"like traditional nonprofit funding models, they aren’t charity. The endeavor "
"exchange value with people, just not necessarily synchronously or in a way "
"that requires that those values be equal. As David Bollier wrote in Think "
-"Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving calculation of whether the value "
-"given and received is strictly equal.”"
+"Like a Commoner, <quote>There is no self-serving calculation of whether the "
+"value given and received is strictly equal.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2503
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
-"Bollier wrote, “Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human "
+"Bollier wrote, <quote>Reciprocal social exchange lies at the heart of human "
"identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function that helps the "
-"human species survive and evolve.”"
+"human species survive and evolve.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2513
+msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2517
+msgid "Ibid., 134."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2511
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
-"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
-"relationships in the market as being centered on an even-steven exchange of "
-"value.41"
+"that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"We almost can’t help but think of relationships in the market as being "
+"centered on an even-steven exchange of value.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
-msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522
+msgid ""
+"Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2525
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
"a social mission, the more likely this strategy is to succeed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
-msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2541
+msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2544
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. "
-"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are "
-"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of "
-"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally "
-"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in "
-"situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
+"Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> something "
+"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as "
+"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are "
+"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, "
+"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
-msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2557
+msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2560
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
"They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her "
"crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her "
"community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of "
-"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are "
-"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is "
-"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for "
+"Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears "
+"are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is "
+"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for "
"something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, "
-"without hesitation: of course.”"
+"without hesitation: of course.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2578
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
"to the idea of open access generally."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
-msgid "### Making Human Connections"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2589
+msgid "Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2591
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
-"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
-"heard it even in connection with revenue streams that sit squarely within "
-"the market. Cory Doctorow told us, “I have to convince my readers that the "
-"right thing to do is to pay me.” The founders of the for-profit company "
-"Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt not to pay "
-"for the services they provide in connection with their CC-licensed "
-"educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an invitation "
-"to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward "
-"what could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the "
-"traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the fabric of being Made "
-"with Creative Commons."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
+"language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting "
+"people to pay.</quote> We heard it even in connection with revenue streams "
+"that sit squarely within the market. Cory Doctorow told us, <quote>I have to "
+"convince my readers that the right thing to do is to pay me.</quote> The "
+"founders of the for-profit company Lumen Learning showed us the letter they "
+"send to those who opt not to pay for the services they provide in connection "
+"with their CC-licensed educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist "
+"letter; it’s an invitation to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This "
+"sort of behavior toward what could be considered nonpaying customers is "
+"largely unheard of in the traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part "
+"of the fabric of being Made with Creative Commons."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2608
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
-"being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather "
-"than simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, "
-"personal, and creative connections with the people who value what they do."
+"being <quote>the product,</quote> the more pronounced this dynamic has to "
+"be. Rather than simply selling a product or service, they are making "
+"ideological, personal, and creative connections with the people who value "
+"what they do."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2616
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
"Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2621
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
"wrong on so many counts."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2626
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
"with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2637
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
"with each other."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2651
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
-"humans behind every creative endeavor. To remind us we have obligations to "
+"humans behind every creative endeavor. To remind us we have obligations to "
"each other. To remind us what sharing really looks like."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
-msgid "#### Be human"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2658
+msgid "Be human"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2662
+msgid ""
+"Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
+"Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2660
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
-"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
-"we are interacting, the less caring our behavior will be. While the "
-"Internet has democratized cultural production, increased access to "
-"knowledge, and connected us in extraordinary ways, it can also make it easy "
-"forget we are dealing with another human."
+"each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further "
+"removed we are from the person with whom we are interacting, the less caring "
+"our behavior will be. While the Internet has democratized cultural "
+"production, increased access to knowledge, and connected us in extraordinary "
+"ways, it can also make it easy forget we are dealing with another human."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2686
+msgid ""
+"Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
+"Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2673
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
"licenses work to demonstrate their humanity. For some, this means pouring "
"their lives out on the page. For others, it means showing their creative "
"process, giving a glimpse into how they do what they do. As writer Austin "
-"Kleon wrote, “Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to know "
-"where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The stories "
-"you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel and "
-"what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they "
-"understand about your work affects how they value it.”43"
+"Kleon wrote, <quote>Our work doesn’t speak for itself. Human beings want to "
+"know where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The "
+"stories you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel "
+"and what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they "
+"understand about your work affects how they value it.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2692
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
-"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
-"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. "
-"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is "
-"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a "
-"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the "
-"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the "
-"glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful "
-"way."
+"<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda "
+"Palmer says, <quote>When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t "
+"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.</"
+"quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and "
+"that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding "
+"pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t "
+"just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not "
+"in a meaningful way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2713
+msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2705
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
"States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make "
"the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are "
"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-"
-"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public.44 But "
-"it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
+"speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> with the "
+"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. "
+"You can’t fake being human."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2719
+msgid "Be open and accountable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728
+msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
-msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2733
+msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2721
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
-"“One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be "
-"honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As Amanda "
-"Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically "
-"communicating.”45 It isn’t about trying to satisfy everyone or trying to "
-"sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but instead about explaining your rationale "
-"and then being prepared to defend it when people are critical.46"
+"<quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be "
+"honest with people.</quote> That means sharing the good and the bad. As "
+"Amanda Palmer wrote, <quote>You can fix almost anything by authentically "
+"communicating.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t "
+"about trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad "
+"news, but instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to "
+"defend it when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2742
+msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2749
+msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737
msgid ""
-"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
+"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
"denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that "
-"cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking "
-"for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions you make, "
-"even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you "
-"don’t go through the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it "
-"can be worse than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get "
-"it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps "
-"endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and invested "
-"in what you do."
+"cultivates healthy collaboration.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving context and "
+"explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting feedback and "
+"inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through the effort to "
+"actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse than not inviting "
+"input in the first place.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> But when "
+"you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that "
+"helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and "
+"invested in what you do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2757
+msgid "Design for the good actors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2761
+msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
-msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2766
+msgid "Ibid., 31."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2759
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
-"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
-"is a fiction—we are much more complicated beings with a whole range of "
-"needs, emotions, and motivations. In fact, we are hardwired to work together "
-"and ensure fairness.50 Being Made with Creative Commons requires an "
+"own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any "
+"relatively introspective human knows this is a fiction—we are much more "
+"complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and motivations. "
+"In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons requires an "
"assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, "
-"motivations that would be considered “irrational” in an economic sense. As "
-"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, “It is best to ignore people who try "
-"to scare you about free riding. That fear is based on a very shallow view of "
-"what motivates human behavior.” There will always be people who will act in "
-"purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons "
-"design for the good actors."
+"motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> in an "
+"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is best "
+"to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based "
+"on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There will "
+"always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are "
+"Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2785
+msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2779
msgid ""
"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
-"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
-"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
+"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that "
+"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
"opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better "
-"than neoclassical economics would predict.”51 When we acknowledge that "
-"people are often motivated by something other than financial self-interest, "
-"we design our endeavors in ways that encourage and accentuate our social "
-"instincts."
+"than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated "
+"by something other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in "
+"ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803
+msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2792
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
"our daily lives are already built on trust. As Surowiecki wrote in The "
-"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to "
-"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any "
-"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and "
-"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—"
-"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most often, "
-"they do."
+"Wisdom of Crowds, <quote>It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone "
+"to make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for "
+"any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers "
+"and workers live up to their obligation.</quote> Instead, we largely trust "
+"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
-msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2808
+msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2813
+msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2821
+msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2810
msgid ""
"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
-"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
-"happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are "
-"better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. "
-"Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. "
-"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate "
-"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she talks.54"
+"As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one "
+"of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering "
+"that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a "
+"point to answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends "
+"vast quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making "
+"a point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2825
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
"ensure its employees have personal, one-on-one interaction with users."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2836
+msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2846
+msgid "Ibid., 105."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2831
msgid ""
"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
"to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
-"customers or free labor.55 Platforms that rely on content from contributors "
-"are especially at risk of creating an exploitative dynamic. It is important "
-"to find ways to acknowledge and pay back the value that contributors "
-"generate. That does not mean you can solve this problem by simply paying "
-"contributors for their time or contributions. As soon as we introduce money "
-"into a relationship—at least when it takes a form of paying monetary value "
-"in exchange for other value—it can dramatically change the dynamic.56"
+"customers or free labor.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Platforms "
+"that rely on content from contributors are especially at risk of creating an "
+"exploitative dynamic. It is important to find ways to acknowledge and pay "
+"back the value that contributors generate. That does not mean you can solve "
+"this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or contributions. "
+"As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least when it takes a "
+"form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it can "
+"dramatically change the dynamic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
-msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2851
+msgid "State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2853
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
"connected with an endeavor’s separate social mission. Often both."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2865
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
-"guiding principles up front. Lumen Learning attributes a lot of their "
+"guiding principles up front. Lumen Learning attributes a lot of their "
"success to having been outspoken about the fundamental values that guide "
"what they do. As a for-profit company, they think their expressed commitment "
"to low-income students and open licensing has been critical to their "
"operate."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2880
+msgid "Ibid., 36."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2876
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
-"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own self-interest.57 It "
-"attracts committed employees, motivates contributors, and builds trust."
+"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own self-interest."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It attracts committed employees, "
+"motivates contributors, and builds trust."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
-msgid "#### Build a community"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2886
+msgid "Build a community"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2894
+msgid ""
+"Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
+"2012), 36."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2888
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
"create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people "
-"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs.58 "
-"To a certain extent, simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically "
-"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to like-"
-"minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by using "
-"CC."
+"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> To a certain extent, simply being "
+"Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of "
+"community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and "
+"are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2910
+msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2917
+msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2902
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
"fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of "
-"Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda "
-"Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive "
-"environment where people felt a part of their “weird little family.”59 For "
-"organizations like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or "
-"goals. As the CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping "
-"into passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative "
-"communities that drive open organizations.”60"
+"Community, <quote>If there is no belonging, there is no community.</quote> "
+"For Amanda Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and "
+"inclusive environment where people felt a part of their <quote>weird little "
+"family.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations "
+"like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the "
+"CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, <quote>Tapping into "
+"passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative "
+"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2929
+msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2933
+msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2921
msgid ""
-"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
-"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
-"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. "
-"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which "
-"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable "
-"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”61 Building "
-"true community requires giving people within the community the power to "
-"create or influence the rules that govern the community.62 If the rules are "
-"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a "
-"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement."
+"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
+"wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s "
+"difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not "
+"in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the "
+"group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), "
+"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community "
+"requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence "
+"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/"
+"> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel "
+"like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2939
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
-msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2945
+msgid "Give more to the commons than you take"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956
+msgid ""
+"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about "
+"Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, "
+"<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-"
+"at-all\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2964
+msgid ""
+"Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with "
+"new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2947
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
"defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the "
-"Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about "
-"Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained how the "
-"anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy businesses are "
-"purely about monetizing access.63 As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The "
-"Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same "
-"product multiple times, by selling access rather than ownership.64 That is "
-"not sharing."
+"Harvard Business Review website called <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t "
+"about Sharing at All,</quote> authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi "
+"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-"
+"economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the "
+"primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple "
+"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
+"\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2980
+msgid ""
+"David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the "
+"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/"
+"news/technology-35709680\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2970
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
"which to extract value. Part of giving back to the ecosystem is contributing "
"content back to the public under CC licenses. But it doesn’t have to just be "
-"about creating content; it can be about adding value in other ways. The "
+"about creating content; it can be about adding value in other ways. The "
"social blogging platform Medium provides value to its community by "
"incentivizing good behavior, and the result is an online space with "
-"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited trolling.65 "
-"Opendesk contributes to its community by committing to help its designers "
-"make money, in part by actively curating and displaying their work on its "
-"platform effectively."
+"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited trolling."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opendesk contributes to its "
+"community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by "
+"actively curating and displaying their work on its platform effectively."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2989
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
"add outweighs the value provided by you."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
-msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3000
+msgid "Involve people in what you do"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3005
+msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009
+msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3080
+msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3002
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
-"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
-"make collaboration work, the group has to be effective at what it is doing, "
-"and the people within the group have to find satisfaction from being "
-"involved.67 This is easier to facilitate for some types of creative work "
-"than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate best when "
-"people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly for "
-"larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple "
-"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.68"
+"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But to make collaboration work, "
+"the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people within the "
+"group have to find satisfaction from being involved.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This is easier to facilitate for some types of "
+"creative work than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate "
+"best when people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly "
+"for larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple "
+"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3029
+msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3020
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
"own are immensely valuable in the aggregate. Those same sorts of small "
"contributions would be less useful for many other types of creative work, "
"and people are inherently less motivated to contribute when it doesn’t "
-"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.69"
+"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
-msgid ""
-"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
-"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
-"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—perhaps "
-"more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the equation, even "
-"within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, “Sometimes the value of "
-"professional work trumps the value of amateur sharing or a feeling of "
-"belonging.70 The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its "
-"material for free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather "
-"than tapping the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they "
-"invest a significant amount of time and money to develop professional "
-"content. For individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for "
-"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. "
-"Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement "
-"with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was "
-"the writing, the music itself.”71"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
-msgid ""
-"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
-"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
-"in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and "
-"interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called "
-"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in "
-"your creative work.72 And it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and "
-"information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) "
-"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—"
-"and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3041
+msgid "Ibid., 154."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
-msgid ""
-"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
-"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
-"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the project. "
-"Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but "
-"every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what they do. The "
-"goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from thinking of "
-"consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition them into "
-"active participants.75"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3053
+msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3033
msgid ""
-"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
-"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
-"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
-msgid ""
-"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
-"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
+"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
+"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
+"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—"
+"perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the "
+"equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, "
+"<quote>Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur "
+"sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for "
+"free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather than tapping "
+"the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they invest a "
+"significant amount of time and money to develop professional content. For "
+"individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for what they do, "
+"community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. Even musician "
+"Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement with her fans, "
+"said,</quote>The only department where I wasn’t open to input was the "
+"writing, the music itself.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
-msgid "Ibid., 55."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064
+msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3071
msgid ""
-"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
-"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
-"224."
+"Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
+"within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
-msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3057
msgid ""
-"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
-"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
+"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
+"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
+"in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and "
+"interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called "
+"<quote>making in public</quote> opens the door to letting people feel more "
+"invested in your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And "
+"it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey "
+"(of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance "
+"mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an "
+"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3088
msgid ""
-"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
-"2012), 64."
+"Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
+"Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3077
msgid ""
-"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
-"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
+"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
+"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
+"motivations.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> What that looks like "
+"varies wildly depending on the project. Not every endeavor that is Made with "
+"Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to "
+"invite the public into what they do. The goal for any form of collaboration "
+"is to move away from thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your "
+"content and transition them into active participants.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
-"10. Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy\n"
-" (New York: Morgan James, 2016), 10.\n"
-"11. Anderson, Free, 62.\n"
-"12. Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38.\n"
-"13. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68.\n"
-"14. Anderson, Free, 86.\n"
-"15. Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144.\n"
-"16. Anderson, Free, 123.\n"
-"17. Ibid., 132.\n"
-"18. Ibid., 70.\n"
-"19. James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books,\n"
-" 2005), 124. Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and\n"
-" contracts is how rarely they are invoked.”\n"
-"20. Anderson, Free, 44.\n"
-"21. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23.\n"
-"22. Anderson, Free, 67.\n"
-"23. Ibid., 58.\n"
-"24. Anderson, Makers, 71.\n"
-"25. Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into\n"
-" Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78.\n"
-"26. Ibid., 21.\n"
-"27. Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43.\n"
-"28. William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten\n"
-" Nonprofit Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring\n"
-" 2009, ssir.org/articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models.\n"
-"29. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111.\n"
-"30. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30.\n"
-"31. Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and\n"
-" Performance (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202.\n"
-"32. Anderson, Free, 71.\n"
-"33. Ibid., 231.\n"
-"34. Ibid., 97.\n"
-"35. Anderson, Makers, 107.\n"
-"36. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89.\n"
-"37. Ibid., 92.\n"
-"38. Anderson, Free, 142.\n"
-"39. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32.\n"
-"40. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150.\n"
-"41. Ibid., 134.\n"
-"42. Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our\n"
-" Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109.\n"
-"43. Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and\n"
-" Get Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93.\n"
-"44. Kramer, Shareology, 76.\n"
-"45. Palmer, Art of Asking, 252.\n"
-"46. Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145.\n"
-"47. Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203.\n"
-"48. Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80.\n"
-"49. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25.\n"
-"50. Ibid., 31.\n"
-"51. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112.\n"
-"52. Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124.\n"
-"53. Kleon, Show Your Work, 127.\n"
-"54. Palmer, Art of Asking, 121.\n"
-"55. Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87.\n"
-"56. Ibid., 105.\n"
-"57. Ibid., 36.\n"
-"58. Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly\n"
-" Media, 2012), 36.\n"
-"59. Palmer, Art of Asking, 98.\n"
-"60. Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34.\n"
-"61. Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200.\n"
-"62. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29.\n"
-"63. Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about\n"
-" Sharing at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28,\n"
-" 2015, hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all.\n"
-"64. Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing,\n"
-" reprint with new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012).\n"
-"65. David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the\n"
-" Internet,” BBC News, March 3, 2016,\n"
-" www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n"
-"66. Anderson, Makers, 148.\n"
-"67. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164.\n"
-"68. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n"
-"69. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144.\n"
-"70. Ibid., 154.\n"
-"71. Palmer, Art of Asking, 163.\n"
-"72. Anderson, Makers, 173.\n"
-"73. Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the\n"
-" Potential within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82.\n"
-"74. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n"
-"75. Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of\n"
-" Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188.\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3097
#, fuzzy
-msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
-msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
+msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses"
+msgstr "## Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3099
msgid ""
-"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
+"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
-"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. "
+"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. "
"There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set "
"of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic "
-"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the "
+"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the "
"most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with the work, even for "
"commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator credit). The licenses "
"are built on copyright and do not cover other types of rights that creators "
"might have in their works, like patents or trademarks."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3113
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
-msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.198in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3118
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3130
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3216
+msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3123
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
"Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
-msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.198in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3132
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3137
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
"you and license their new creations under identical terms. This license is "
-"often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software licenses. All new "
-"works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will "
-"also allow commercial use."
+"often compared to <quote>copyleft</quote> free and open source software "
+"licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any "
+"derivatives will also allow commercial use."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
-msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.198in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3148
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3153
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
"credit to you."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
-msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.198in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3160
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3165
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
"same terms."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
-msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.198in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3173
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3178
msgid ""
-"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
+"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
"credit you and license their new creations under the same terms."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
-msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.198in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3186
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3191
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
"change them or use them commercially."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3198
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
"existing works by authors whose terms of copyright have expired:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
-msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.1665in"
-"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3206
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3211
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
-"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
+"worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
-msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.1665in"
-"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3218
+msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3223
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3228
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
-"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
+"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
"ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other "
"licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain "
"tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content "
"involvement with and commitment to sharing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
"their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make "
-"endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving "
+"endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving "
"commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a "
"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-"
"SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply "
"prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3253
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. "
"In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in "
"revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license "
-"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. The "
-"music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were "
+"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. "
+"The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were "
"popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having "
"a major record label discover their work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3266
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
"medical subject matter is particularly important to get right."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3273
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
"domains."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3285
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3288
msgid ""
-"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
-"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
-"Your Work” at"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
-msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
+"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
+"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called "
+"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/"
+"share-your-work/\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
-msgid "# The Case Studies"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3296
+msgid "The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3299
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
"the global Creative Commons community. We selected eighty potential "
"candidates that represented a mix of industries, content types, revenue "
-"streams, and parts of the world. Twelve of the case studies were selected "
+"streams, and parts of the world. Twelve of the case studies were selected "
"from that group based on votes cast by Kickstarter backers, and the other "
"twelve were selected by us."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3309
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
-"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
+"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
"each case study is to tell the story about the endeavor and the role sharing "
"plays within it, largely the way in which it was told to us by those we "
"interviewed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
-msgid "## Arduino"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3317
+msgid "Arduino"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3320
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
-msgid "www.arduino.cc"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3325
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3327
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
-"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
-"sell Arduino products using their name)"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical "
+"copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark "
+"(fees paid by those who want to sell Arduino products using their name)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
-msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
-msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3335
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom "
+"Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3339
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5974
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6228
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7446
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8981
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
"General Public License."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3357
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
"software called Processing, a programming tool used to make visual art)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3366
msgid ""
-"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
-"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
-"Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different "
-"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this “ended "
-"up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of "
-"building.”"
+"<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> "
+"Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature "
+"of Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different "
+"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this "
+"<quote>ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even "
+"thought of building.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3375
msgid ""
"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
"research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive "
"the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open "
"source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product "
-"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”"
+"lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a "
+"product.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3385
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
"Tinker, in London. Tinker designed products and services that bridged the "
"digital and the physical, and they taught people how to use new technologies "
-"in creative ways. Revenue from Tinker was invested in sustaining and "
+"in creative ways. Revenue from Tinker was invested in sustaining and "
"enhancing Arduino."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3394
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
-"personally wanted. It was a matter of “I need this thing,” not “If we make "
-"this, we’ll make a lot of money.” Tom notes that being your own first "
-"customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling your product."
+"personally wanted. It was a matter of <quote>I need this thing,</quote> not "
+"<quote>If we make this, we’ll make a lot of money.</quote> Tom notes that "
+"being your own first customer makes you more confident and convincing at "
+"selling your product."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3402
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
"get them out into the world. They started out with two hundred boards, sold "
"them, and made a little profit. They used that to make another thousand, "
-"which generated enough revenue to make five thousand. In the early days, "
+"which generated enough revenue to make five thousand. In the early days, "
"they simply tried to generate enough funding to keep the venture going day "
"to day. When they hit the ten thousand mark, they started to think about "
"Arduino as a company. By then it was clear you can open-source the design "
-"but still manufacture the physical product. As long as it’s a quality "
+"but still manufacture the physical product. As long as it’s a quality "
"product and sold at a reasonable price, people will buy it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3416
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
"helpful to novices and experts alike."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3430
msgid ""
-"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
-"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
+"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
+"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
"wanted to make theirs available at a low price to people across a wide range "
"of industries. As with any business, pricing was key. They wanted prices "
"that would get lots of customers but were also high enough to sustain the "
"business."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3438
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. "
-"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-"
-"source way can only help you.”"
+"David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things in an "
+"open-source way can only help you.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3446
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
"new version is equally free and open."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3458
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
"Arduino community use and incorporate into new products."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3478
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3469
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
"boards, new products have been added ranging from enhanced boards that "
"provide advanced functionality and faster performance, to boards for "
-"creating Internet of Things applications, wearables, and 3-D printing. The "
+"creating Internet of Things applications, wearables, and 3-D printing. The "
"full range of official Arduino products includes boards, modules (a smaller "
"form-factor of classic boards), shields (elements that can be plugged onto a "
-"board to give it extra features), and kits.1"
+"board to give it extra features), and kits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3481
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
"success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says "
"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—"
-"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had "
-"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting "
-"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make "
-"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and "
-"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there."
+"in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, the "
+"Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They "
+"started by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using "
+"the platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was "
+"meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically "
+"from there."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3494
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
"low-quality copies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3506
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
-"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
-"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. "
+"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
+"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. "
"Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect "
"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. "
"The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-"
"generating model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3516
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
"critical tool for Arduino."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3537
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3525
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
"certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the "
"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. "
"Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing "
-"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the "
-"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of "
-"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played "
-"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, "
-"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.2"
+"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled <quote>Send In "
+"the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job "
+"of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has "
+"played out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are "
+"clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3540
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
"more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to use and "
-"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things that "
-"help other people make things.”"
+"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is <quote>making "
+"things that help other people make things.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3548
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
-"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
-"democratization of technology.” Tom sees Arduino’s open-source strategy as "
-"helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be protected. Tom "
-"says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”"
+"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the "
+"democratization of technology.</quote> Tom sees Arduino’s open-source "
+"strategy as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be "
+"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3556
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
"manufacturing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
-msgid "Web links"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
-msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3562
+msgid "Ártica"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
-msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
-msgid "## Ártica"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3565
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
"culture. Founded in 2011 in Uruguay."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
-msgid "www.articaonline.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3570
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
-msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3572
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom "
+"services"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
-msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3575
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
-msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and "
+"Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7998
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9219
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3585
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
"themselves."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3591
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3594
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
"and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
"by creating a MOOC (massive open online course) about remix culture and "
"collaboration in the arts, which gave them a direct way to reach an "
"international audience, attracting students from across Latin America and "
-"Spain. In other words, it is the classic Internet story of being able to "
+"Spain. In other words, it is the classic Internet story of being able to "
"directly tap into an audience without relying upon gatekeepers or "
"intermediaries."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3619
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
-"it an “artisan” process because of the time and effort it takes to adapt "
-"their work for the particular needs of students and clients. “Each student "
-"or client is paying for a specific solution to his or her problems and "
-"questions,” Mariana said. Rather than sell access to their content, they "
-"provide it for free and charge for the personalized services."
+"it an <quote>artisan</quote> process because of the time and effort it takes "
+"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. "
+"<quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or "
+"her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell access to "
+"their content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized "
+"services."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3630
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
-"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
-"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now "
-"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. "
-"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer "
-"classes on more specialized topics."
+"attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online "
+"communities are more specific than we thought,</quote> Mariana said. Ártica "
+"now provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each "
+"course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students "
+"and offer classes on more specialized topics."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3639
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
"commissioned by individual artists."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3647
msgid ""
-"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
+"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
-"course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in it. They take "
+"course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in it. They take "
"the stance that every new project leads them to something new, every new "
"resource they create opens new doors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3655
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
"blog posts, videos—is published under an Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC "
-"BY-SA). “We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the greatest "
-"freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom to be "
-"viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse and remix "
-"their content is a fundamental value. “How can you offer an online "
-"educational service without giving permission to download, make and keep "
-"copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do "
-"the best for our students—those who trust in us to the point that they are "
-"willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—we have to offer them a "
-"fair and ethical agreement.”"
+"BY-SA). <quote>We use a ShareAlike license because we want to give the "
+"greatest freedom to our students and readers, and we also want that freedom "
+"to be viral,</quote> Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse "
+"and remix their content is a fundamental value. <quote>How can you offer an "
+"online educational service without giving permission to download, make and "
+"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge said. "
+"<quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in us to "
+"the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—"
+"we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3671
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
"open up new opportunities for their business."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3679
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
"spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. "
-"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, "
-"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first "
-"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can "
-"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”"
+"<quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation "
+"between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge said. "
+"<quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple "
+"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, "
+"like a course or a book.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3690
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
-"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
-"get good professional results, but the design process is more flexible,” "
-"Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust based on what they "
-"learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of operating. In many "
-"ways, for them, the process is just as important as the final product."
+"be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in "
+"order to get good professional results, but the design process is more "
+"flexible,</quote> Jorge said. They share early and often, and they adjust "
+"based on what they learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of "
+"operating. In many ways, for them, the process is just as important as the "
+"final product."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3700
msgid ""
-"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
-"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
-"people and process, rather than content or specific formats or materials,” "
-"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the "
-"relationships.”"
+"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. "
+"<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay "
+"attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats or "
+"materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content are fluid. "
+"The important thing is the relationships.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3708
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
"and share their knowledge."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3713
msgid ""
-"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
-"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
-"stand for some things in the cultural sector.” Mariana and Jorge are "
-"activists. They defend free culture (the movement promoting the freedom to "
-"modify and distribute creative work) and work to demonstrate the "
-"intersection between free culture and other social-justice movements. Their "
-"efforts to involve people in their work and enable artists and cultural "
-"institutions to better use technology are all tied closely to their belief "
-"system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a mission to democratize art "
-"and culture."
+"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good "
+"content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is "
+"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.</"
+"quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture (the "
+"movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and "
+"work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other social-"
+"justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable "
+"artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied "
+"closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a "
+"mission to democratize art and culture."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3727
msgid ""
-"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
-"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
+"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human "
+"resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
"collaborators on a case-by-case basis and hire contractors for specific "
"projects. Whenever possible, they draw from artistic and cultural resources "
"in the commons, and they rely on free software. Their operation is small, "
"efficient, and sustainable, and because of that, it is a success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3735
msgid ""
-"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
-"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
-"personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For "
-"Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal meaning and "
-"purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively."
+"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. "
+"<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very "
+"specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at "
+"every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them "
+"personal meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3743
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
-"from the media. “If they seek only the traditional type of success, they "
-"will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them another image of "
-"what it looks like.”"
+"from the media. <quote>If they seek only the traditional type of success, "
+"they will get frustrated,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>We try to show them "
+"another image of what it looks like.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
-msgid "## Blender Institute"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3752
+msgid "Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3755
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
-msgid "www.blender.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3760
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3762
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
-"copies, selling merchandise"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding "
+"(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
-msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
-msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3768
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, "
+"production coordinator"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3776
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
"concrete ways."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
"the creative and technical community working together."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3797
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
-"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
-"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes if you don’t "
-"make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.”"
+"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
+"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, <quote>Ton believes if you "
+"don’t make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3804
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
-"animation studio based in the Netherlands. Investors became interested in "
+"animation studio based in the Netherlands. Investors became interested in "
"the software, so he began marketing the software to the public, offering a "
"free version in addition to a paid version. Sales were disappointing, and "
"his investors gave up on the endeavor in the early 2000s. He made a deal "
"Blender software available under the GNU General Public License."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
"raised the money he needed. The Blender software became freely available for "
"anyone to use. Simply applying the General Public License to the software, "
"however, was not enough to create a thriving community around it. Francesco "
-"told us, “Software of this complexity relies on people and their vision of "
-"how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and manager, "
-"and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers so that "
-"the project could live.”"
+"told us, <quote>Software of this complexity relies on people and their "
+"vision of how people work together. Ton is a fantastic community builder and "
+"manager, and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers "
+"so that the project could live.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3828
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
-"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
-"should be free and open to hack,” Francesco said. “Otherwise, everyone is "
-"doing the same thing in the dark for ten years.” Ton set up the Blender "
-"Foundation to oversee and steward the software development and maintenance."
+"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. "
+"<quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> Francesco said. "
+"<quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years."
+"</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the "
+"software development and maintenance."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3837
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
"Blender software. Ton put a call online for all interested and skilled "
"artists. Francesco said the idea was to get the best artists available, put "
"them in a building together with the best developers, and have them work "
-"together. They would not only produce high-quality openly licensed content, "
+"together. They would not only produce high-quality openly licensed content, "
"they would improve the Blender software in the process."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3847
msgid ""
-"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
+"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
"were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign "
-"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible "
-"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. "
-"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
+"succeeded, people were astounded. <quote>The idea that making money was "
+"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,</"
+"quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to believe "
+"it.</quote></quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3857
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
"and its animated characters were picked up by marketers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3865
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
"Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the "
"number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but "
"the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on "
-"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the "
-"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work with "
-"us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”"
+"projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects "
+"because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco said. <quote>So many "
+"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget "
+"constraints.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3878
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
-"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
+"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
"crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and trust "
"Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an effective "
-"community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a whole community "
-"who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” Francesco said."
+"community leader and visionary for their work. <quote>There is a whole "
+"community who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,</quote> "
+"Francesco said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3887
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
"some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you propose a "
-"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone goes "
-"home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”"
+"specific project and ask for funding. <quote>Once a project is over, "
+"everyone goes home,</quote> he said. <quote>It is great fun, but then it "
+"ends. That is a problem.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3896
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
"Cloud, a subscription-style crowdfunding model akin to the online "
"crowdfunding platform, Patreon. For about ten euros each month, subscribers "
"get access to download everything the Blender Institute produces—software, "
-"art, training, and more. All of the assets are available under an "
+"art, training, and more. All of the assets are available under an "
"Attribution license (CC BY) or placed in the public domain (CC0), but they "
"are initially made available only to subscribers. Blender Cloud enables "
"subscribers to follow Blender’s movie projects as they develop, sharing "
"assets used in various projects."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3911
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
-"goal is to grow their subscriber base. “This is our freedom,” he told us, "
-"“and for artists, freedom is everything.”"
+"goal is to grow their subscriber base. <quote>This is our freedom,</quote> "
+"he told us, <quote>and for artists, freedom is everything.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3918
msgid ""
-"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
+"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
"toward software development and maintenance. The revenue streams of the "
"Institute and Foundation are deliberately kept separate. Blender also has "
"DVDs, T-shirts, and other Blender products."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3927
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
"Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3934
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
"Blender’s shoes and trying to make money off of their content. Ton believes "
"this is because the true value of what they do is in the creative and "
-"production process. “Even when you share everything, all your original "
+"production process. <quote>Even when you share everything, all your original "
"sources, it still takes a lot of talent, skills, time, and budget to "
-"reproduce what you did,” Ton said."
+"reproduce what you did,</quote> Ton said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3944
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
-msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3948
+msgid "Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3951
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
-msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3956
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
-msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3958
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical "
+"copies"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
-msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3961
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
-msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3964
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3972
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
-"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
-"it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said."
+"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. "
+"We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,</quote> Max "
+"said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3978
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
"the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their "
-"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are "
-"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind "
-"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity "
-"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game."
+"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are "
+"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind "
+"of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against "
+"Humanity advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3988
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
"and international editions as well."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3996
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
"the numbers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4002
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
"new game unto itself."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4010
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
"cult following."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4015
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
"Eve because they were too nerdy to be invited to other parties. The game was "
"a hit, so they decided to put it up online as a free PDF. People started "
"asking if they could pay to have the game printed for them, and eventually "
-"they decided to run a Kickstarter to fund the printing. They set their "
-"Kickstarter goal at \\$4,000—and raised \\$15,000. The game was officially "
+"they decided to run a Kickstarter to fund the printing. They set their "
+"Kickstarter goal at $4,000—and raised $15,000. The game was officially "
"released in May 2011."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4028
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
-"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
+"it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4034
msgid ""
-"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
-"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
-"hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your dumb "
-"questions.”"
+"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. "
+"Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and "
+"memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their "
+"website <quote>Your dumb questions.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4040
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
"illustrate this particularly well. For those outside the United States, "
"Black Friday is the term for the day after the Thanksgiving holiday, the "
"biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly important day for "
-"Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they "
+"Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they "
"struggled with what to do on Black Friday because they didn’t want to "
-"support what he called the “orgy of consumerism” the day has become, "
-"particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for what "
-"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything "
-"Costs \\$5 More sale."
+"support what he called the <quote>orgy of consumerism</quote> the day has "
+"become, particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for "
+"what you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an "
+"Everything Costs $5 More sale."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4053
msgid ""
-"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
-"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
-"People totally caught the joke.”"
+"<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our "
+"fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us "
+"laugh so we went with it. People totally caught the joke.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4059
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
-"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
-"capitalism is just be honest with people,” Max said. “It shocks people that "
-"there is transparency about what you are doing.”"
+"engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in "
+"capitalism is just be honest with people,</quote> Max said. <quote>It shocks "
+"people that there is transparency about what you are doing.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4066
msgid ""
-"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
-"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
-"year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity \\$5 event, where people "
-"literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make "
-"the joke funnier by making it successful. They made \\$70,000 in a single "
+"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a "
+"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke."
+"</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where "
+"people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to "
+"make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single "
"day."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4074
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
-"customers to reuse and remix your work requires a leap of faith. Cards "
+"customers to reuse and remix your work requires a leap of faith. Cards "
"Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there "
"are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max "
"said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the "
-"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. “It "
-"happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost "
-"of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many "
-"benefits.”"
+"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. "
+"<quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max said. <quote>If "
+"that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over "
+"because there are so many benefits.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4087
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
-"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
+"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
"Creative Commons license gives fans of Cards Against Humanity the freedom to "
"run with the game and copy, adapt, and promote their creations openly. Today "
"there are thousands of fan expansions of the game."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4095
msgid ""
-"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
+"Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
"unbelievable situation where we are one of the best-marketed games in the "
-"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”"
+"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4102
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
-"because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also "
+"because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also "
"requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the same "
"licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity also "
-"polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our brand "
-"and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the "
-"time, they just send an email to those making commercial use of the game, "
-"and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of instances where "
-"they had to get a lawyer involved."
+"polices its brand. <quote>We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our "
+"brand and our game and make money off of it,</quote> Max said. About 99.9 "
+"percent of the time, they just send an email to those making commercial use "
+"of the game, and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of "
+"instances where they had to get a lawyer involved."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4116
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
-"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
+"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
"every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The "
"eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards "
-"for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The "
-"slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is easy to "
-"write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”"
+"for the game. <quote>We have daylong arguments about commas,</quote> Max "
+"said. <quote>The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that "
+"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4127
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
-"suggestions, but it is very rare that a submitted card is adopted. Instead, "
+"suggestions, but it is very rare that a submitted card is adopted. Instead, "
"the eight initial creators remain the primary authors of expansion decks and "
-"other new products released by the company. Interestingly, the creativity "
-"of their customer base is really only an asset to the company once their "
+"other new products released by the company. Interestingly, the creativity of "
+"their customer base is really only an asset to the company once their "
"original work is created and published when people make their own "
"adaptations of the game."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4138
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
-"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. “We don’t make jokes and "
-"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,” he "
-"said."
+"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. <quote>We don’t make jokes "
+"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,</"
+"quote> he said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4145
msgid ""
-"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
-"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
-"interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our "
-"lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from "
-"the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game "
-"into it.”"
+"In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and "
+"causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all "
+"have other interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going "
+"on in our lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking "
+"things from the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from "
+"the game into it.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4154
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
"opportunities to extract more money from customers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4161
msgid ""
-"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
-"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
-"strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your values, and "
-"who you are and why you’re making things.”"
+"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,"
+"</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then "
+"CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your "
+"values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
-msgid "## The Conversation"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4169
+msgid "The Conversation"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
"Founded in 2011 in Australia."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
-msgid "theconversation.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4177
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4179
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
-"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content "
+"creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as "
+"writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
-msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4186
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4194
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
"go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4204
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
"focus on the sensational and sexy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4211
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
"at presenting their expertise to the wider public."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4232
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
"about pairing professional editors with university and research experts, "
"working one-on-one to refine everything from story structure to headline, "
-"captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is academic "
-"into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key "
+"captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is "
+"academic into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key "
"difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a "
"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. "
"Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing "
"whatever they want."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4245
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
"in the Conversation is openly licensed with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4258
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
"readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4271
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4269
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
-"conduct.1 These include fully disclosing who every author is (with their "
-"relevant expertise); who is funding their research; and if there are any "
-"potential or real conflicts of interest. Also important is where the content "
-"originates, and even though it comes from the university and research "
-"community, it still needs to be fully disclosed. The Conversation does not "
-"sit behind a paywall. Andrew believes access to information is an issue of "
-"equality—everyone should have access, like access to clean water. The "
-"Conversation is committed to an open and free Internet. Everyone should have "
-"free access to their content, and be able to share it or republish it."
+"conduct.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These include fully "
+"disclosing who every author is (with their relevant expertise); who is "
+"funding their research; and if there are any potential or real conflicts of "
+"interest. Also important is where the content originates, and even though it "
+"comes from the university and research community, it still needs to be fully "
+"disclosed. The Conversation does not sit behind a paywall. Andrew believes "
+"access to information is an issue of equality—everyone should have access, "
+"like access to clean water. The Conversation is committed to an open and "
+"free Internet. Everyone should have free access to their content, and be "
+"able to share it or republish it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4284
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
"everything the Conversation does."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4296
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
-"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
-"primarily through word of mouth. While they don’t have sales and marketing, "
-"they do promote their work through social media (including Twitter and "
-"Facebook), and by being an accredited supplier to Google News."
+"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has "
+"grown primarily through word of mouth. While they don’t have sales and "
+"marketing, they do promote their work through social media (including "
+"Twitter and Facebook), and by being an accredited supplier to Google News."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4304
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
"this model. It takes no advertising and is a not-for-profit venture."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4313
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
"working with university scholars from even more parts of the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4323
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
"improve coverage and features."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4332
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
-"website, paying university members are listed as “members and funders.” "
-"Early participants may be designated as “founding members,” with seats on "
-"the editorial advisory board."
+"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and funders."
+"</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding members,</"
+"quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4340
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
-"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
+"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
"get access to a large audience. Every author and member university has "
"access to a special analytics dashboard where they can check the reach of an "
"article. The metrics include what people are tweeting, the comments, "
"and the number of readers per article."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4350
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
"submit a journal paper, and consult a company on a topic."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4358
msgid ""
-"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
+"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
"of value."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4363
msgid ""
-"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
-"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
-"citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open business model "
-"and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to generate both a public "
-"good and operational revenue at the same time."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
-msgid "Web link"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
-msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
+"With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the "
+"Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more "
+"informed citizenry and improved democracy around the world. Its open "
+"business model and use of Creative Commons show how it’s possible to "
+"generate both a public good and operational revenue at the same time."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
-msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4372
+msgid "Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4375
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
-msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4378
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net"
+"\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4381
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
-"selling translation rights to books"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical "
+"copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
-msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4385
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4393
msgid ""
-"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
-"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
-"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. "
-"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this "
-"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most "
-"important thing I know how to do.”"
+"Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is "
+"adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you "
+"can take a thing that has certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on "
+"selling it,</quote> he said. <quote>I’m not out there trying to figure out "
+"how to be a brand. I’m doing this thing that animates me to work crazy "
+"insane hours because it’s the most important thing I know how to do.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4402
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
"sharing it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4407
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4418
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
"his work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4423
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
"lock up content because he thinks both undermine creators and the public "
"interest. He is currently a special adviser at the Electronic Frontier "
"Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U.S. law that "
-"protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, "
+"protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, "
"but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility and, more "
-"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My political work "
-"is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,” he said. “I "
-"have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that didn’t make me money, "
-"the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the quality that causes "
-"people to like what I do would be gone.”"
+"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. <quote>My political "
+"work is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,</quote> "
+"he said. <quote>I have this suspicion that if I gave up the things that "
+"didn’t make me money, the genuineness would leach out of what I do, and the "
+"quality that causes people to like what I do would be gone.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4440
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
"stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is to get "
-"rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery "
-"tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might work, but it "
-"almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the lottery.” "
-"He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but he says he "
-"would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he wrote. “Long "
-"before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep "
-"myself sane.”"
+"rich. <quote>Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying "
+"lottery tickets because you want to get rich,</quote> he wrote. <quote>It "
+"might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always "
+"wins the lottery.</quote> He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to "
+"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter what. "
+"<quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before I "
+"wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4454
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
-"Commons is a moral imperative. “It felt morally right,” he said of his "
-"decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. “I felt like I wasn’t "
-"contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has been "
-"created to try to stop copying.” In other words, using CC licenses "
-"symbolizes his worldview."
+"Commons is a moral imperative. <quote>It felt morally right,</quote> he said "
+"of his decision to adopt Creative Commons licenses. <quote>I felt like I "
+"wasn’t contributing to the culture of surveillance and censorship that has "
+"been created to try to stop copying.</quote> In other words, using CC "
+"licenses symbolizes his worldview."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4464
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
"controlled experiment to compare the commercial benefits of licensing with "
"CC against reserving all rights, he thinks he has sold more books using a CC "
"license than he would have without it. Cory says his goal is to convince "
-"people they should pay him for his work. “I started by not calling them "
-"thieves,” he said."
+"people they should pay him for his work. <quote>I started by not calling "
+"them thieves,</quote> he said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4474
msgid ""
-"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
+"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
-"with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and "
+"with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and "
"his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort of thing online, "
-"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I knew there was a "
+"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. <quote>I knew there was a "
"relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful "
-"career as a writer,” he said. “At the time, it took eighty hours to OCR a "
-"book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time and energy, "
-"and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.”"
+"career as a writer,</quote> he said. <quote>At the time, it took eighty "
+"hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time "
+"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4487
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
"can only do it because he is an established author."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4495
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
-"his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for "
-"people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds obvious, "
-"but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said."
+"his work intrinsically shareable. <quote>Getting the hell out of the way "
+"for people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds "
+"obvious, but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,</quote> he said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4503
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
-"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
-"you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how they "
-"interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely highlights cool "
-"things his audience has done with his work. Unlike corporations like Disney "
-"that tend to have a hands-off relationship with their fan activity, he has a "
-"symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience "
-"can’t guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being "
-"able to remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the "
-"creative industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is "
-"pretty slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
+"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity "
+"makes you part of the conversation about what fans do with your work and how "
+"they interact with it,</quote> he said. Cory’s own website routinely "
+"highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike "
+"corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with "
+"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. "
+"<quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,</quote> he "
+"said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and "
+"still being the most successful company in the creative industry in history. "
+"But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take "
+"all the help I can get.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4518
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
-"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
+"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
"verbatim copying for noncommercial purposes. His later work is published "
"under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA), which "
"gives people the right to adapt his work for noncommercial purposes but only "
"are fan translations already available for free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4533
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
"strategy is to maximize the number of blind chances the dandelion has for "
"continuing its genetic line. Similarly, he says there are lots of people out "
"there who may want to buy creative work or compensate authors for it in some "
-"other way. “The more places your work can find itself, the greater the "
+"other way. <quote>The more places your work can find itself, the greater the "
"likelihood that it will find one of those would-be customers in some "
-"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that "
-"others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the possibility that "
-"I’ll get something.”"
+"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,</quote> he wrote. <quote>The "
+"copies that others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the "
+"possibility that I’ll get something.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4548
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
"for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular "
"platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over "
-"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it "
-"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to "
-"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”"
+"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it "
+"Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something that "
+"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your "
+"benefit.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4559
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
-"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one "
-"hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed "
-"audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we historically "
-"sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory continually looks for "
-"ways to reach his audience without relying upon major platforms that will "
-"try to take control over his work."
+"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. <quote>On "
+"the one hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed "
+"audience,</quote> he said. <quote>On the other hand, the intermediaries we "
+"historically sold to are making it harder to go around them.</quote> Cory "
+"continually looks for ways to reach his audience without relying upon major "
+"platforms that will try to take control over his work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4570
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
"soon."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4581
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
-"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you "
-"look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality "
-"means that for artists, we have to find ways to support ourselves when "
-"public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your "
-"artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay connected to "
-"those people who have been touched by your work.”"
+"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. <quote>If "
+"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he said. "
+"<quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support "
+"ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-"
+"proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay "
+"connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4593
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
"is hard to make a living as an artist is nothing new. What is new, he writes "
-"in his book, “is how many ways there are to make things, and to get them "
-"into other people’s hands and minds.”"
+"in his book, <quote>is how many ways there are to make things, and to get "
+"them into other people’s hands and minds.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4601
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
-msgid "## Figshare"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4605
+msgid "Figshare"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4608
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
-"figures, data sets, images, and videos. Founded in 2011 in the UK."
+"figures, data sets, images, and videos. Founded in 2011 in the UK."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
-msgid "figshare.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4614
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
-msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4616
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid "
+"services to creators"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
-msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4619
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
-msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4622
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4630
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
"research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of "
"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code"
"—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
-"file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output "
+"file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output "
"is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does "
"not allow."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4641
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
"trusted? Answers have evolved over time."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4646
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
"complete research would lead to more citations and be better for his career."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4655
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
"online and share it with anyone. So he began working on a solution."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4662
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
"ensuring the research is citable for the long term."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4668
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
"for the provision of DOIs for research data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4677
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
"(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4685
msgid ""
-"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
+"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
"People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he "
"opened it up for them to use, too."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4691
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
-"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
+"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
"code raised new licensing issues, as Creative Commons licenses are not used "
"for software. To allow the sharing of software code, Mark chose the MIT "
"license, but GNU and Apache licenses can also be used."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4699
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
-"but insisted on a more viable business model. They made an initial "
+"but insisted on a more viable business model. They made an initial "
"investment, and together they came up with a freemium-like business model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4706
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
"fee for gigabytes of private storage space, and for private online space "
"designed for a set number of research collaborators, which is ideal for "
"larger teams and geographically dispersed research groups. Figshare sums up "
-"its value proposition to researchers as “You retain ownership. You license "
-"it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”"
+"its value proposition to researchers as <quote>You retain ownership. You "
+"license it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4718
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
"functionality for them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4728
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
"Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop "
"this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data "
"also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-"
-"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and researchers. "
-"Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of "
-"publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, "
-"to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for "
-"the data."
+"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and "
+"researchers. Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide "
+"variety of publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and "
+"Francis, to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons "
+"licenses for the data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4742
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
-"research they fund be open and accessible. They mandated that researchers "
+"research they fund be open and accessible. They mandated that researchers "
"and academic institutions better manage and disseminate their research "
"outputs. Institutions looking to comply with this new mandate became "
"interested in Figshare. Figshare once again diversified its business model, "
"adding services for institutions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4752
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
"securely hosts research data of institutions in the cloud. Services include "
"not just hosting but data metrics, data dissemination, and user-group "
-"administration. Figshare’s workflow, and the services they offer for "
+"administration. Figshare’s workflow, and the services they offer for "
"institutions, take into account the needs of librarians and administrators, "
"as well as of the researchers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4762
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
"the public domain). Funders who require researchers and institutions to use "
"open licensing believe in the social responsibilities and benefits of making "
-"research accessible to all. Publishing research in this open way has come "
-"to be called open access. But not all funders specify CC BY; some "
-"institutions want to offer their researchers a choice, including less "
-"permissive licenses like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA "
-"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)."
+"research accessible to all. Publishing research in this open way has come to "
+"be called open access. But not all funders specify CC BY; some institutions "
+"want to offer their researchers a choice, including less permissive licenses "
+"like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA (Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4775
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
"negative repercussions, he decided to follow suit."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4785
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
"license of choice."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4798
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/"
+"Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4801
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&"
+"inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4793
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
"As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal "
"subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid "
-"to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into "
-"an app developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data "
-"into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing "
-"any of the variables.2"
+"to ten major publishers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Figshare’s "
+"API enables that data to be pulled into an app developed by a completely "
+"different researcher that converts the data into a visually interesting "
+"graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of the variables."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
"of using Creative Commons licenses."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4819
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
"time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of "
-"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.3 If he had relied "
-"solely on revenue from premium subscriptions, he believes Figshare would "
-"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were early-"
-"career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders mandated "
-"open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
+"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If he had relied solely on revenue from premium "
+"subscriptions, he believes Figshare would have struggled. In Figshare’s "
+"early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career academics. "
+"It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that Figshare is "
+"now being used by the mainstream."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
"others, including Wikipedia and news sources."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4834
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
"research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
-msgid ""
-"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
-"\\_universities/1186832"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4849
+msgid "Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4852
msgid ""
-"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
-"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
-msgid "figshare.com/features"
+"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
+"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New "
+"Zealand."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
-msgid "## Figure.NZ"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4857
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4859
msgid ""
-"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
-"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid "
+"services to creators, donations, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
-msgid "figure.nz"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4862
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
-"sponsorships"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
-msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
-msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/"
+"NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4872
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
-"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
-"said there are thousands of valuable and relevant data sets freely available "
-"to us right now, but most people don’t use them. She used to think this "
-"meant people didn’t care about being informed, but she’s come to see that "
-"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that matter—"
-"not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, their "
-"businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between "
-"availability and accessibility of information. Data is spread across "
-"thousands of sites and is held within databases and spreadsheets that "
-"require both time and skill to engage with. To use data when making a "
-"decision, you have to know what specific question to ask, identify a source "
-"that has collected the data, and manipulate complex tools to extract and "
-"visualize the information within the data set. Lillian established Figure.NZ "
-"to make data truly accessible to all, with a specific focus on New Zealand."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
+"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace said there are thousands of valuable "
+"and relevant data sets freely available to us right now, but most people "
+"don’t use them. She used to think this meant people didn’t care about being "
+"informed, but she’s come to see that she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to "
+"be informed about issues that matter—not only to them, but also to their "
+"families, their communities, their businesses, and their country. But "
+"there’s a big difference between availability and accessibility of "
+"information. Data is spread across thousands of sites and is held within "
+"databases and spreadsheets that require both time and skill to engage with. "
+"To use data when making a decision, you have to know what specific question "
+"to ask, identify a source that has collected the data, and manipulate "
+"complex tools to extract and visualize the information within the data set. "
+"Lillian established Figure.NZ to make data truly accessible to all, with a "
+"specific focus on New Zealand."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4891
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
"prosperity, social well-being, environmental quality, and environmental "
"productivity for New Zealand and New Zealanders. While giving talks to "
-"community and business groups, Lillian realized “every single issue we "
+"community and business groups, Lillian realized <quote>every single issue we "
"addressed would have been easier to deal with if more people understood the "
-"basic facts.” But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires data and "
-"research that you often have to pay for."
+"basic facts.</quote> But understanding the basic facts sometimes requires "
+"data and research that you often have to pay for."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
-"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
+"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
"New Zealand, the original idea was that people could contribute their data "
-"and visuals via a wiki. However, few people had graphs that could be used "
+"and visuals via a wiki. However, few people had graphs that could be used "
"and shared, and there were no standards or consistency around the data and "
"the visuals. Realizing the wiki model wasn’t working, Lillian brought the "
"process of data aggregation, curation, and visual presentation in-house, and "
"those wanting to open their data and present it visually."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4916
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
"and data types. Figure.NZ has a chart-designing tool that makes simple bar, "
"line, and area graphs from any data source. The graphs are posted to the "
"Figure.NZ website, and they can also be exported in a variety of formats for "
-"print or online use. Figure.NZ makes its data and graphs available using the "
-"Attribution (CC BY) license. This allows others to reuse, revise, remix, "
+"print or online use. Figure.NZ makes its data and graphs available using "
+"the Attribution (CC BY) license. This allows others to reuse, revise, remix, "
"and redistribute Figure.NZ data and graphs as long as they give attribution "
"to the original source and to Figure.NZ."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/"
+"new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4933
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
-"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
+"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
"spent time looking at what Creative Commons offered and thought it looked "
"good, was clear, and made common sense. It was easy to use and easy for "
"others to understand. Over time, she’s come to realize just how fortunate "
"and important that decision turned out to be. New Zealand’s government has "
"an open-access and licensing framework called NZGOAL, which provides "
"guidance for agencies when they release copyrighted and noncopyrighted work "
-"and material.2 It aims to standardize the licensing of works with government "
-"copyright and how they can be reused, and it does this with Creative Commons "
-"licenses. As a result, 98 percent of all government-agency data is Creative "
-"Commons licensed, fitting in nicely with Figure.NZ’s decision."
+"and material.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It aims to "
+"standardize the licensing of works with government copyright and how they "
+"can be reused, and it does this with Creative Commons licenses. As a result, "
+"98 percent of all government-agency data is Creative Commons licensed, "
+"fitting in nicely with Figure.NZ’s decision."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4949
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
-"will see new and different models for business. Figure.NZ is set up as a "
+"will see new and different models for business. Figure.NZ is set up as a "
"nonprofit charity. It is purpose-driven but also strives to pay people well "
-"and thinks like a business. Lillian sees the charity-nonprofit status as an "
+"and thinks like a business. Lillian sees the charity-nonprofit status as an "
"essential element for the mission and purpose of Figure.NZ. She believes "
"Wikipedia would not work if it were for profit, and similarly, Figure.NZ’s "
"nonprofit status assures people who have data and people who want to use it "
"wrangler and source."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4962
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
"perceived as a free service all around the table. Lillian believes hundreds "
"of millions of dollars are spent by the government and organizations to "
"collect data. However, very little money is spent on taking that data and "
-"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision making. "
+"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision making. "
"Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes that it is "
-"underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ is focused "
+"underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ is focused "
"on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money allocated to "
"collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful and generates "
"value. If the government wants citizens to understand why certain decisions "
"market, and brand itself."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4981
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
-"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
+"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
"part of their business model has been focused on who is going to get value "
"from the data and visuals."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4987
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
"they can. Customers are encouraged to help their users find, use, and make "
"things from the data they make available on Figure.NZ’s website. Customers "
"control what is released and the license terms (although Figure.NZ "
-"encourages Creative Commons licensing). Figure.NZ also serves customers who "
+"encourages Creative Commons licensing). Figure.NZ also serves customers who "
"want a specific collection of charts created—for example, for their website "
"or annual report. Charging the organizations that want to make their data "
"available enables Figure.NZ to provide their site free to all users, to "
"truly democratize data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5003
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
"for customers and Figure.NZ to figure out what it would cost to import, "
"standardize, and display that data in a useful way. To deal with this, "
-"Figure.NZ uses “high-trust contracts,” where customers allocate a certain "
-"budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as long as "
-"Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the customer can "
-"determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build trust and "
-"transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work that has "
-"never been done before."
+"Figure.NZ uses <quote>high-trust contracts,</quote> where customers allocate "
+"a certain budget to the task that Figure.NZ is then free to draw from, as "
+"long as Figure.NZ frequently reports on what they’ve produced so the "
+"customer can determine the value for money. This strategy has helped build "
+"trust and transparency about the level of effort associated with doing work "
+"that has never been done before."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5022
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5017
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
"example, with their support Figure.NZ has been able to create Business "
"Figures, a special way for businesses to find useful data without having to "
-"know what questions to ask.3"
+"know what questions to ask.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5025
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5025
msgid ""
-"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
-"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
-"Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
+"Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons "
+"donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get "
+"data together to flesh out those areas. Patrons do not direct what data is "
+"included or excluded."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5031
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
-"fund a specific effort or provide in-kind support. As a charity, donations "
+"fund a specific effort or provide in-kind support. As a charity, donations "
"are tax deductible."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
"external relationships."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5049
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
"environment, health, information and communications technology, industry, "
"tourism, and many others. A search function helps users find tables and "
"graphs. Figure.NZ does not provide analysis or interpretation of the data or "
-"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for them. "
+"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for them. "
"Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5059
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
"curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5073
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
-"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
+"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. \"We "
"used to live in a world where it was really hard to share information "
"widely. And in that world, the best future was created by having a few great "
"leaders who essentially had access to the information and made decisions on "
"behalf of others, whether it was on behalf of a country or companies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5083
msgid ""
-"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
+"\"But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
"future is the one where everyone can make well-informed decisions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5089
msgid ""
-"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
+"\"The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
"numbers as a part of our thinking and part of our understanding yet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5095
msgid ""
-"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
+"\"Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
-"experts because most people don’t have data literacy. There once was a time "
+"experts because most people don’t have data literacy. There once was a time "
"when many citizens in society couldn’t read or write. However, as a society, "
"we’ve now come to believe that reading and writing skills should be "
"something all citizens have. We haven’t yet adopted a similar belief around "
"specially trained people can analyze and think with numbers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106
msgid ""
-"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
+"\"Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
"with trust and a network of relationships to make that possible. What you "
"can see on Figure.NZ are tens of thousands of graphs, maps, and data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5113
msgid ""
-"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
-"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
+"<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people "
+"analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
"society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making "
-"that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is "
+"that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is "
"almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain "
-"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.”"
+"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5122
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
-"the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for themselves and "
-"for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making "
-"the network effect possible."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
-msgid ""
-"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
-msgid ""
-"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
-"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
-msgid "figure.nz/business/"
+"the <quote>network effect</quote>— users dramatically increasing value for "
+"themselves and for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is "
+"core to making the network effect possible."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
-msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5131
+msgid "Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
-msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5134
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
-"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
+"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
"Founded in 2012 in the UK."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
-msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5139
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
-msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5141
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding "
+"(specialized)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
-msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5144
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
-msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5147
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155
msgid ""
-"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
+"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
"the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to "
"scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing system "
"humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is committed to changing "
"this and has been working with libraries to create a sustainable alternative "
"model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the cost of making monographs "
-"(released under a Creative Commons license) and savings costs over the long "
+"(released under a Creative Commons license) and savings costs over the long "
"term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched has received several awards, "
"including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award in 2014 and a Curtin University "
"Commercial Innovation Award for Innovation in Education in 2015."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5171
msgid ""
-"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
+"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
"Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both protecting "
"content online and distributing it free to users."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5178
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
"up, not down."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5184
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
"NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is "
"getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the "
"online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the "
-"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. Surprisingly, "
-"Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these books were 10 to "
-"20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing that the "
-"Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing vehicle for "
-"the print format."
+"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. "
+"Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these "
+"books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing "
+"that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing "
+"vehicle for the print format."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5201
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
-"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
+"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
"printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform "
-"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream model”: the "
-"free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice cream cone, and "
-"the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae."
+"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream model</"
+"quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice "
+"cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5210
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
"book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5219
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
-"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
-"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-"
-"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access "
-"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
+"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
+"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a <quote>book-"
+"processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world with an open-"
+"access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5227
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
"enterprises) in 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5245
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5251
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5257
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5263
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
"cover the Title Fee."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5272
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
"the total collected from the libraries."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5282
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5279
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
-"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.1"
+"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5287
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
"unlatched. The target was to have two hundred libraries participate. The "
-"cost of the package per library was capped at \\$1,680, which was an average "
+"cost of the package per library was capped at $1,680, which was an average "
"price of sixty dollars per book, but in the end they had nearly three "
"hundred libraries sharing the costs, and the price per book came in at just "
"under forty-three dollars."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-"
+"availability-1/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5297
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
-"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
-"BY-NC-ND. Authors are the copyright holder, not the publisher, and negotiate "
-"choice of license as part of the publishing agreement. Frances has found "
-"that most authors want to retain control over the commercial and remix use "
-"of their work. Publishers list the book in their catalogs, and the "
-"noncommercial restriction in the Creative Commons license ensures authors "
-"continue to get royalties on sales of physical copies."
+"still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books "
+"have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC BY-NC-ND. Authors are the copyright "
+"holder, not the publisher, and negotiate choice of license as part of the "
+"publishing agreement. Frances has found that most authors want to retain "
+"control over the commercial and remix use of their work. Publishers list the "
+"book in their catalogs, and the noncommercial restriction in the Creative "
+"Commons license ensures authors continue to get royalties on sales of "
+"physical copies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
"books, and the individual price per book. The fee publishers charge for each "
"title is a fixed charge, and Knowledge Unlatched calculates the total amount "
-"for all the books being unlatched at a time. The cost of an order for each "
+"for all the books being unlatched at a time. The cost of an order for each "
"library is capped at a maximum based on a minimum number of libraries "
"participating. If the number of participating libraries exceeds the minimum, "
"then the cost of the order and the price per book go down for each library."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5320
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
"size and shape of the offerings. Books were being bundled into eight small "
"packages separated by subject (including Anthropology, History, Literature, "
-"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per package. "
+"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per package. "
"Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least six of "
"the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book was just "
"under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten months. It "
"libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, unlatching."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5335
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
"within acquisition cycles, budget cycles, and library-committee meetings."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5341
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
"more libraries involved."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5351
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
"make journals open access too."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5356
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
"problematic to keep going in the standard closed publishing model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
-"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
+"$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. "
"Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past "
"sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That "
"makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, "
"took one month to get twenty-six."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5379
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5372
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
-"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
+"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
"author is the awareness it brings to them; when their book is being read, it "
"increases their reputation. Open access through unlatching generates many "
"more downloads and therefore awareness. (On the Knowledge Unlatched website, "
"you can find interviews with the twenty-eight round-one authors describing "
-"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)5"
+"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5382
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
"print book, and if they do, they buy it separately from the digital version."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393
msgid ""
-"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
-"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
-"anyway, but instead of paying \\$95 for a print copy or \\$150 for a digital "
-"multiple-use copy, they pay \\$50 to unlatch. It costs them less, and it "
-"opens the book to not just the participating libraries, but to the world."
+"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of "
+"the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
+"anyway, but instead of paying $95 for a print copy or $150 for a digital "
+"multiple-use copy, they pay $50 to unlatch. It costs them less, and it opens "
+"the book to not just the participating libraries, but to the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5401
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
"libraries. While this means nonparticipating libraries could be seen as free "
"riders, in the library world, wealthy libraries are used to paying more than "
"poor libraries and accept that part of their money should be spent to "
-"support open access. “Free ride” is more like community responsibility. By "
-"the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been downloaded nearly eighty "
-"thousand times in 175 countries."
+"support open access. <quote>Free ride</quote> is more like community "
+"responsibility. By the end of March 2016, the round-one books had been "
+"downloaded nearly eighty thousand times in 175 countries."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5414
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5418
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
"Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that "
-"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up "
+"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up "
"in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are "
-"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched "
+"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched "
"is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include "
"unlatching journals and older books."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
"access, and use your content without pay barriers. Knowledge Unlatched taps "
"into the new possibilities and behaviors of the digital world. In the "
"Knowledge Unlatched model, the content-creation process is exactly the same "
-"as it always has been, but the economics are different. For Frances, "
+"as it always has been, but the economics are different. For Frances, "
"Knowledge Unlatched is connected to the past but moving into the future, an "
"evolution rather than a revolution."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
-msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
-msgid "www.oapen.org"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
-msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
-msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
-msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5441
+msgid "Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
-msgid "## Lumen Learning"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5444
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
-msgid "lumenlearning.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5449
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5451
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom "
+"services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
-msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5454
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
-msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5457
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim "
+"Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
-msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5471
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465
msgid ""
-"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
+"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
"student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more "
"affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, "
"David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope "
-"Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open general-education "
-"courses across eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with "
-"goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the "
-"courses to help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the "
-"cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero "
-"dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when "
-"compared with previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of "
-"more than twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this "
-"project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this "
-"initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding "
-"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan "
-"to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they "
-"decided to create Lumen Learning."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
+"Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It involved "
+"a set of fully open general-education courses across eight colleges "
+"predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce "
+"textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to help students "
+"succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the required "
+"textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero dollars, and average student-"
+"success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with previous years. "
+"After a second round of funding, a total of more than twenty-five "
+"institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It was career "
+"changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had on low-"
+"income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill and "
+"Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their "
+"work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they decided to create "
+"Lumen Learning."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5488
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
"education sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking "
-"grants from philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used in "
-"certain ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way "
+"grants from philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used "
+"in certain ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way "
"that change how you think the grant money should be used, there often isn’t "
"a lot of flexibility to do so."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5498
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
"with its different model for and approach to sustainability."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5507
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
"permits free use and repurposing by others."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5515
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
"offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead "
"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. "
"Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing "
-"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged "
+"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged "
"learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what "
"they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is "
"very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5531
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5537
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5544
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5550
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5556
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
"Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5564
msgid ""
-"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
+"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
"institution’s learning-management system, technical and pedagogical support, "
-"and tracking of effectiveness. Candela courseware costs institutions ten "
+"and tracking of effectiveness. Candela courseware costs institutions ten "
"dollars per enrolled student."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5572
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5579
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
"of complete OER degrees. Often called Z-Degrees, these programs eliminate "
"textbook costs for students in all courses that make up the degree (both "
-"required and elective) by replacing commercial textbooks and other expensive "
-"resources with OER."
+"required and elective) by replacing commercial textbooks and other "
+"expensive resources with OER."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5588
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
"goodwill in the community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5605
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
"which the faculty reviews."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616
msgid ""
-"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
-"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
-"images, videos, and other media to adapt and customize the course. Lumen "
-"creates new content as they discover gaps in existing OER. Test-bank items "
-"and feedback for students on their progress are areas where new content is "
-"frequently needed. Once a course is created, Lumen puts it on their platform "
-"with all the attributions and links to the original sources intact, and any "
-"of Lumen’s new content is given an Attribution (CC BY) license."
+"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The "
+"open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, "
+"videos, and other media to adapt and customize the course. Lumen creates new "
+"content as they discover gaps in existing OER. Test-bank items and feedback "
+"for students on their progress are areas where new content is frequently "
+"needed. Once a course is created, Lumen puts it on their platform with all "
+"the attributions and links to the original sources intact, and any of "
+"Lumen’s new content is given an Attribution (CC BY) license."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
"however, when mixing different OER together."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5635
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
"each page."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
"number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s sales capacity."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5654
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
"regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the "
-"system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is "
+"system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is "
"the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. "
-"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-"
-"level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where "
-"there are projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, "
-"they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students."
+"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-level "
+"activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where there are "
+"projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, they "
+"prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5667
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
"keeping Lumen healthy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5677
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
"community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5687
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
-"without paying anything or contributing anything back. Others give back the "
-"minimum amount so they can save face. Sustainability will require those "
+"without paying anything or contributing anything back. Others give back the "
+"minimum amount so they can save face. Sustainability will require those "
"using open resources to give back an amount that seems fair or even give "
"back something that is generous."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5696
msgid ""
-"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
+"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
"students are saving and encouraging them to switch to a paid model. Lumen "
"explains the advantages of the paid model: a more interactive relationship "
"using."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707
msgid ""
-"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
+"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
"unique value, and is very transparent about what they are taking from "
-"community, what they are giving back, and what they are monetizing. Lumen "
+"community, what they are giving back, and what they are monetizing. Lumen "
"believes these are the building blocks of a sustainable model and strives "
"for a correct balance of all these factors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5716
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
"understandable and repeatable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5722
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
"Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5734
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
"trust."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
-msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
-msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745
+msgid "Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5748
msgid ""
-"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
-"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
+"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the "
+"<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
-msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5751
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://"
+"jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5754
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
-"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
-"and musical performances)"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom "
+"services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for "
+"in-person version (speaking engagements and musical performances)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
-msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4513
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5767
msgid ""
-"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
-"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
-"writing songs under commission for people and companies, but he has a wide "
-"variety of income sources. He has supporters on the crowdfunding site "
-"Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he "
-"posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking engagements about creativity "
-"and motivation. He has been hired by major conferences to write songs "
-"summarizing what speakers have said in the conference sessions."
+"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—"
+"seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his "
+"income comes from writing songs under commission for people and companies, "
+"but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the "
+"crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and "
+"Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking "
+"engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major "
+"conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the "
+"conference sessions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4522
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5779
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
"magazine."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4527
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790
msgid ""
-"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
-"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
-"holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily songwriting, and he is "
-"widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”"
+"Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned "
+"persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song "
+"each day. He holds the Guinness World Record for consecutive daily "
+"songwriting, and he is widely known as the <quote>song-a-day guy.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5797
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
"supposed to create a piece of art every day for thirty-one days straight. He "
"was in need of a new project, so he decided to give it a try by writing and "
-"posting a song each day. He added a video component to the songs because he "
+"posting a song each day. He added a video component to the songs because he "
"knew people were more likely to watch video online than simply listening to "
"audio files."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5807
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
-"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
+"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
"written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since "
"he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired "
"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. "
"prepare ahead and have someone else post the song for him."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4556
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5823
msgid ""
-"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
+"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
"variety of contests and winning a handful. The second was by having the "
"occasional song and video go some varying degree of viral, which would bring "
"songs for them. Today he earns most of his money this way."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4563
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5832
msgid ""
-"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
-"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
-"fun and quirky song.” He charges \\$500 to create a produced song and \\$300 "
-"for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, "
-"conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that funded the "
-"production of this book."
+"His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super "
+"simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a "
+"heartfelt, fun and quirky song.</quote> He charges $500 to create a produced "
+"song and $300 for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, "
+"weddings, conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that "
+"funded the production of this book."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4570
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5841
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
-"discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” Jonathan said. “I "
-"don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an "
-"obvious thing that you would want your work to be able to be shared.”"
+"discovered the option. <quote>CC seems like such a no-brainer,</quote> "
+"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. "
+"It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able "
+"to be shared.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4578
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5850
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
"wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to "
-"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your "
-"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” "
-"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. "
-"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
+"copy, interact with, and remix his music. <quote>If you let someone cover "
+"your song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to "
+"work,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>That is how music has worked since the "
+"beginning of time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5860
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
-"build community. “There is all of this conventional wisdom about how to "
-"build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,” "
-"Jonathan said."
+"build community. <quote>There is all of this conventional wisdom about how "
+"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,</"
+"quote> Jonathan said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4592
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5867
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
-"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
-"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. "
-"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and "
-"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes "
-"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for "
-"clients."
+"major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a "
+"really long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,</quote> "
+"he said. <quote>There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get "
+"what they need and then move on.</quote> Focusing less on community building "
+"than other artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of "
+"writing custom songs for clients."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4602
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5877
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
"distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
-"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the "
-"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired "
-"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from "
-"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he "
-"translated the technical concepts into something understandable."
+"music. In his song <quote>How to Choose a Master Password,</quote> Jonathan "
+"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. "
+"He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical "
+"blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) "
+"journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something "
+"understandable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4616
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5889
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
"song. He puts all of that into a text file and starts moving things around, "
-"cutting and pasting until the message starts to come together. The first "
+"cutting and pasting until the message starts to come together. The first "
"thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the chorus. Then "
"he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The entire process "
"really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his "
-"work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged "
-"and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung "
-"about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that "
-"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”"
+"work is a song rather than news. <quote>There is something about being "
+"challenged and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should "
+"be sung about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,</quote> he "
+"said. <quote>I find that creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy "
+"getting lost in that process.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5905
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
-"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
+"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
"business model is about capitalizing on his strengths as a songwriter, and "
"he has found a way to keep it interesting for himself."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4632
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5912
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
"fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down "
-"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. “My "
-"style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want something "
-"super serious,” Jonathan said. “I do what I do very easily, and it’s part of "
-"who I am.” Jonathan hasn’t gotten into writing commercials for the same "
-"reasons; he is best at using his own unique style rather than mimicking "
-"others."
+"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. "
+"<quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want "
+"something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do very "
+"easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into "
+"writing commercials for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique "
+"style rather than mimicking others."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5924
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
"like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes "
"the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the "
-"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living "
+"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living "
"embodiment of these principles."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5933
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
"might be better."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4652
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5940
msgid ""
-"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
-"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
-"work as widely as possible, seeing what sticks. While he has major "
+"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is "
+"constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work "
+"as widely as possible, seeing what sticks. While he has major "
"accomplishments he is proud of, like being in the Guinness World Records or "
"having his song used by Steve Jobs, he says he never truly feels successful."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5947
msgid ""
-"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
-"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
-"of what drives you would be gone.”"
+"<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain "
+"extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied "
+"because then so much of what drives you would be gone.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
-msgid "## Noun Project"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5954
+msgid "Noun Project"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5957
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
"the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
-msgid "thenounproject.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5962
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
-msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5964
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction "
+"fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
-msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5967
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
-msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5970
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
"languages, and cultures."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5983
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
"of sketches and started to draw what used to fascinate him as a child, like "
-"trains, sequoias, and bulldozers. He began thinking how great it would be if "
-"he had a simple image or small icon of every single object or concept on the "
-"planet."
+"trains, sequoias, and bulldozers. He began thinking how great it would be "
+"if he had a simple image or small icon of every single object or concept on "
+"the planet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5991
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
"actually help people in similar situations."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4696
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5999
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
"the Madman, which chronicles the use of crowdsourcing to create the Oxford "
-"English Dictionary in 1870. Edward began to imagine crowdsourcing icons and "
+"English Dictionary in 1870. Edward began to imagine crowdsourcing icons and "
"symbols from volunteer designers around the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4704
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-"
+"collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6007
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
"launched the Noun Project with a Kickstarter campaign, back when Kickstarter "
-"was in its infancy.1 They thought it’d be a good way to introduce the global "
-"web community to their idea. Their goal was to raise \\$1,500, but in twenty "
-"days they got over \\$14,000. They realized their idea had the potential to "
-"be something much bigger."
+"was in its infancy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They thought "
+"it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their idea. "
+"Their goal was to raise $1,500, but in twenty days they got over $14,000. "
+"They realized their idea had the potential to be something much bigger."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6016
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
"process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old "
-"drawings just gathering “digital dust” on their hard drives. It’s easy to "
-"convince them to finally share them with the world."
+"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard drives. "
+"It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4718
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6024
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
"have with their global community of designers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6033
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
"business model around free content."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4735
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6040
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
"they can use CC0 to put the work into the public domain."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4744
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6054
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
"icons on it, which in retrospect Edward says was a horrible idea. They did "
"get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons but asking if "
-"they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among "
+"they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among "
"others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation materials clean and free "
-"of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s when our lightbulb went off.”"
+"of attribution statements. For Edward, <quote>That’s when our lightbulb went "
+"off.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
-"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
+"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
"win-win. The idea that you could offer your designs for free and have a "
"global audience and maybe even make some money was pretty exciting for most "
"designers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6072
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
-"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
-"a subscription component, where there would be a monthly fee to access a "
+"attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a "
+"subscription component, where there would be a monthly fee to access a "
"certain number of icons—ten, fifty, a hundred, or five hundred. However, "
"users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many "
"similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one "
"they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby "
"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. "
-"This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says this "
+"This service is called NounPro and costs $9.99 per month. Edward says this "
"model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for "
"the platform."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4773
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6086
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
"from within other applications. Edward knew that the icons and symbols would "
"be valuable in a lot of different contexts and that they couldn’t possibly "
-"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of flexibility. "
-"Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons without "
-"giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for its use. "
-"You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how it "
-"integrates with your application, but full implementation will require you "
-"to purchase the API Pro version."
+"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of "
+"flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons "
+"without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for "
+"its use. You can use what’s called the <quote>Playground API</quote> for "
+"free to test how it integrates with your application, but full "
+"implementation will require you to purchase the API Pro version."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6100
msgid ""
-"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
+"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
"percent to Noun Project."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4786
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6105
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
"subscriptions is divided by Noun Project’s total number of downloads, "
-"resulting in a rate per download—for example, it could be \\$0.13 per "
-"download for that month. For each download, the revenue is split 40 percent "
-"to the designer and 60 percent to the Noun Project. (For API usage, it’s "
-"per use instead of per download.) Noun Project’s share is higher this time "
-"as it’s providing more service to the user."
+"resulting in a rate per download—for example, it could be $0.13 per download "
+"for that month. For each download, the revenue is split 40 percent to the "
+"designer and 60 percent to the Noun Project. (For API usage, it’s per use "
+"instead of per download.) Noun Project’s share is higher this time as it’s "
+"providing more service to the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6117
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6189
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4791
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
-"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
-"building trust is the top priority."
+"structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over "
+"communicate with creators about it because building trust is the top "
+"priority."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6121
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
"pay the bills; and most successful of all, enough to pay the rent."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128
msgid ""
-"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
-"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
+"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can "
+"use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
"their photos, illustrations, UX designs, et cetera. You simply drag any "
"visual item directly into Lingo to save it. Lingo also works for teams so "
"people can share visuals with each other and search across their combined "
-"collections. Lingo is free for personal use. A pro version for \\$9.99 per "
-"month lets you add guests. A team version for \\$49.95 per month allows up "
-"to twenty-five team members to collaborate, and to view, use, edit, and add "
-"new assets to each other’s collections. And if you subscribe to NounPro, "
-"you can access Noun Project from within Lingo."
+"collections. Lingo is free for personal use. A pro version for $9.99 per "
+"month lets you add guests. A team version for $49.95 per month allows up to "
+"twenty-five team members to collaborate, and to view, use, edit, and add new "
+"assets to each other’s collections. And if you subscribe to NounPro, you "
+"can access Noun Project from within Lingo."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6142
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
"visually."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4820
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6149
msgid ""
-"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
-"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
-"differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or clip art."
+"For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual "
+"language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their "
+"stated mission. It differentiates them from others who offer graphics, "
+"icons, or clip art."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4827
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6155
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
-"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
+"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
"Noun Project mission, 2) to promote their own personal brand, and 3) to "
"generate money. It’s striking to see that money comes third, and mission, "
"first. If you want to engage a global network of contributors, it’s "
"important to have a mission beyond making money."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
"CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6171
msgid ""
-"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
-"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
-"when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of choosing "
-"to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to building a "
-"great community and tapping into a really awesome community that comes with "
-"it. But you need to continue to foster that community through other "
-"initiatives and continue to nurture it.”"
+"Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate "
+"community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat "
+"for you when you’re getting ripped in the media. If you go down the road of "
+"choosing to work with Creative Commons, you’re taking the first step to "
+"building a great community and tapping into a really awesome community that "
+"comes with it. But you need to continue to foster that community through "
+"other initiatives and continue to nurture it.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6181
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
"search the icons by the creator’s name."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4853
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6188
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
-"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
-"comes up with a theme (e.g., sustainable energy, food bank, guerrilla "
-"gardening, human rights) and a list of icons that are needed, which "
-"designers are invited to create at the event. The results are vectorized, "
-"and added to the Noun Project using CC0 so they can be used by anyone for "
-"free."
+"icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a "
+"sponsoring organization, the Noun Project comes up with a theme (e.g., "
+"sustainable energy, food bank, guerrilla gardening, human rights) and a list "
+"of icons that are needed, which designers are invited to create at the "
+"event. The results are vectorized, and added to the Noun Project using CC0 "
+"so they can be used by anyone for free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4861
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6197
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
"been key to that goal."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
-msgid ""
-"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
-"visual-sy/description"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
-msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
-msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
-msgid "## Open Data Institute"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208
+msgid "Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6211
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
-"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
+"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
"in the UK."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
-msgid "theodi.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6216
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4878
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6218
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
-"donations"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government "
+"funding, charging for custom services, donations"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
-msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6221
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
-msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6224
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical "
+"director"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4892
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
"consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are "
"central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY "
"(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the "
-"public domain) all play a critical role in ODI’s mission to help people "
+"public domain) all play a critical role in ODI’s mission to help people "
"around the world innovate with data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6242
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
"happening around them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6254
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
"initiatives.) It goes on to say that the ODI wants to—"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6264
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6270
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6276
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
-msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6."
+"cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281
+msgid ""
+"show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
+"\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4923
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6286
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
-"this way: “There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, open "
-"government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s work "
-"cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data.” "
-"ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue."
+"this way: <quote>There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, "
+"open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s "
+"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data."
+"</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6296
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
"science and technology. For this funding, ODI has to secure matching funds "
-"from other sources, some of which were met through a \\$4.75-million "
+"from other sources, some of which were met through a $4.75-million "
"investment from the Omidyar Network."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6304
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
-"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
+"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
"from government departments available as open data. She joined ODI in 2012 "
"when it was just starting up, as one of six people. It now has a staff of "
"about sixty."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4942
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6311
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
"generate these matching funds in response to market needs."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4945
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6319
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4956
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6323
msgid ""
-"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
-"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
+"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
+"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
"Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on "
"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-"
"supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two "
"corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
"members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the "
"benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members "
-"are listed on their website.)2"
+"are listed on their website.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4968
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6337
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
"that. Instead, they offered a five-day-long public training course, which "
"has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is "
"one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier "
-"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay "
-"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-"
-"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can "
-"attend as a form of professional development."
+"for participation. Jeni says, <quote>Most of the people who would be able to "
+"pay don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.</quote> "
+"Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so "
+"they can attend as a form of professional development."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6351
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
"tends to generate high interest and commitment."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4983
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6360
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
"2014, there were four thematic tracks and over 750 attendees."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4990
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6368
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
"organizations."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4993
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6377
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6383
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
"their own goals if they open up their own data too. Big data is a hot topic."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6391
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
"autonomy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6400
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
"accountable, they can miss out on efficiencies and opportunities."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5016
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6409
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
"fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data "
"practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were "
"contracted as a service provider to international governments, which "
-"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
+"prompted a need to set up international ODI <quote>nodes.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5026
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6418
msgid ""
-"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
+"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
"but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set "
-"of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and "
+"of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and "
"deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and "
"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. "
"There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes "
"are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6432
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url="
+"\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6430
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
-"training, and even office space.3"
+"training, and even office space.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5038
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6436
msgid ""
-"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
+"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
-"programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and leaders. (In "
+"programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and leaders. (In "
"fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders Network.) For "
"ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time and effort to "
"build it, not just online but through face-to-face events."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6450
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6445
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
"of high quality, the organization can earn ODI’s Open Data Certificate, a "
"globally recognized mark that signals that their open data is useful, "
-"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.4"
+"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5049
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6453
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
"data at scale."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5054
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6459
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
-"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new “open licenses” of "
-"their own."
+"to use Creative Commons licenses rather than creating new <quote>open "
+"licenses</quote> of their own."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6466
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
"Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is "
"essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is "
"perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely "
-"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI "
+"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI "
"experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
"people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they "
"use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish "
"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. "
-"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
-"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”"
+"According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
+"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6484
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
-"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
+"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
"are a few metrics as of April 27, 2016:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6492
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
"million"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6500
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6506
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
-msgid ""
-"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
-msgid ""
-"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
-"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
-msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6523
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522
msgid ""
-"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
-msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
+"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: "
+"5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
-msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6529
+msgid "OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
-msgid "## OpenDesk"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
-"bring the designs to life. Founded in 2014 in the UK."
+"bring the designs to life. Founded in 2014 in the UK."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
-msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
-msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8971
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction "
+"fee"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
-msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
-msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6546
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and "
+"Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5116
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
"every sale that is made by a maker."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6560
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
"digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to "
"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. "
"They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. "
-"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They "
-"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it "
-"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for "
-"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to "
+"As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but not the goods.</"
+"quote> They created the design using software, put it under an open license, "
+"and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the "
+"idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to "
"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The "
"two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a "
"nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6577
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
"had the intent, but fulfilling this vision was still a long way away."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6584
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
"and settled on using Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
"complex."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6602
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
"would have on the business model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6607
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
"themselves how open or closed they want to be."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5168
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6619
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6615
msgid ""
-"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
+"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
-"and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome job "
-"profiling the designers.1"
+"and Joni called <quote>reputational glow.</quote> And Opendesk does an "
+"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6622
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
"choose the Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5182
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6629
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
-"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
+"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
"buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s "
-"network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers "
+"network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers "
"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-"
"controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes "
"out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5190
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6646
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6639
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
-"said, “Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy "
+"said, <quote>Finding a whole network and community of makers was pretty easy "
"because we built a site where people could write in about their "
"capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is "
-"how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships with hundreds of "
-"makers in countries all around the world.2"
+"how we have moved forward.</quote> Opendesk now has relationships with "
+"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6649
msgid ""
-"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
+"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
"website:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5197
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6654
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
"charged by the maker)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6667
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6673
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
"marketplace)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6680
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
"covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6689
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6696
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
"options)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
-msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6705
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6704
+msgid ""
+"local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6710
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5230
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6713
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
"Opendesk platform fee and channel fees. If a customer opts to buy by getting "
"in touch directly with a registered local maker using a downloaded Opendesk "
"file, the maker is responsible for ensuring the design fee, Opendesk "
-"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of sale. "
-"Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost and "
-"are typically apportioned as follows:"
+"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of "
+"sale. Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost "
+"and are typically apportioned as follows:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6726
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6733
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6738
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6743
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6748
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6753
msgid ""
-"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
-"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
+"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to "
+"Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
"percent is more generous, and providing a higher value to the designer."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759
msgid ""
-"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
+"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
"designs have been downloaded over five thousand times in ninety-five "
"countries. I.J. CNC Services is Ian Jinks, a professional maker based in the "
"United Kingdom. Opendesk now makes up a large proportion of his business."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6767
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
"which uses only one type of material and one manufacturing technique. This "
"allows them to be more strategic and more disruptive in the market, by "
-"getting things to market quickly with competitive prices. It also reflects "
+"getting things to market quickly with competitive prices. It also reflects "
"their vision of creating reproducible and functional pieces."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6776
msgid ""
-"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
-"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
-"new customers. You get designer products without the designer price tag, a "
-"more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-production and an affordable "
-"way to buy custom-made products.”"
+"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</"
+"quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get "
+"profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the "
+"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-"
+"production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6784
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
"furniture from the usual mass-produced items from a store."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6797
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6792
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
-"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
-"leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a separate "
-"Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and an "
-"invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.4 People can submit "
-"ideas and discuss the principles and business practices they’d like to see "
-"used."
+"Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re "
+"engaging thought leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They "
+"have a separate Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, "
+"and an invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the "
+"principles and business practices they’d like to see used."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6801
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
"Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5287
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6809
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6813
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6818
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6823
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6828
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
"compensation. For example, these qualify as noncommercial:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6836
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6843
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6850
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6856
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
"replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and "
"Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model "
"that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and "
-"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off “open,” not IP."
+"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off <quote>open,</"
+"quote> not IP."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
-"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
+"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
"their mission, and they’ve begun to focus on success metrics that track how "
"many makers and designers are engaged through Opendesk in revenue-making "
"work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6874
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
-msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
-msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
-msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
-msgid "openmaking.is"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
-msgid "## OpenStax"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6881
+msgid "OpenStax"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6884
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
"Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
-msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6889
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5343
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6891
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
-"physical copies (textbook sales)"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging "
+"for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
-msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
-msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6898
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-"
+"chief"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
-"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
+"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. "
-"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. "
-"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely "
-"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, "
-"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of "
-"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and "
-"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
+"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, "
+"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and "
+"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. "
+"Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best "
+"libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative "
+"Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6918
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
"investigating open educational resources (OER) and discovered Connexions. A "
"year and a half later, Connexions received a grant to help grow the use of "
"OER so that it could meet the needs of students who couldn’t afford "
-"textbooks. David came on board to spearhead this effort. Connexions became "
+"textbooks. David came on board to spearhead this effort. Connexions became "
"OpenStax CNX; the program to create open textbooks became OpenStax College, "
"now simply called OpenStax."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5379
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
"adoptions by faculty and students."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5388
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6947
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-"
+"OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6941
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
"free for the twenty-five most heavily attended college courses in the "
-"nation. Today they are fast approaching that number. There is data that "
+"nation. Today they are fast approaching that number. There is data that "
"proves the success of their original hypothesis on how many students they "
-"could help and how much money they could help save.1 Professionally produced "
-"content scales rapidly. All with no sales force!"
+"could help and how much money they could help save.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Professionally produced content scales rapidly. All "
+"with no sales force!"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5396
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6951
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
"librarians about these textbooks and to advocate for their use."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5403
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6960
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
"chapters, make changes, and customize any book to fit their needs."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6968
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
"presentations, test banks, answer keys, and so on."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5413
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6975
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
"calculator they can use to see how much students would save. OpenStax keeps "
-"a running list of institutions that have adopted their textbooks.2"
+"a running list of institutions that have adopted their textbooks."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5418
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6982
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
"network of partners."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5427
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6988
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
"investment."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5436
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
"tutorial support. WebAssign resources are available to students for a fee."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5444
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7009
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. "
"Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they "
-"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already "
+"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already "
"published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, "
"using these funds."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5454
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7019
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
"freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what "
-"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can provide "
-"their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students money. "
-"OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but through "
-"free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; partners "
-"are out there showcasing their materials."
+"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can "
+"provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students "
+"money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but "
+"through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; "
+"partners are out there showcasing their materials."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7031
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
"these findings with the community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5469
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7039
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
-"OpenStax offers a complete solution that scales. OpenStax sells tens of "
+"OpenStax offers a complete solution that scales. OpenStax sells tens of "
"thousands of print books. The price of an OpenStax sociology textbook is "
"about twenty-eight dollars, a fraction of what sociology textbooks usually "
"cost. OpenStax keeps the prices low but does aim to earn a small margin on "
"each book sold, which also contributes to ongoing operations."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7049
msgid ""
-"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
+"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
-"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the stores. "
+"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the stores. "
"While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a "
-"traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. "
-"Sometimes students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and "
-"use it to buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break "
-"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns policy. "
-"This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles is "
-"virtually a hundred percent."
+"traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. Sometimes "
+"students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and use it to "
+"buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break the "
+"expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns policy. This "
+"is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles is virtually a "
+"hundred percent."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7062
msgid ""
-"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
-"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
-"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in "
-"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. "
-"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is "
-"reasonable."
+"David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER "
+"1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally "
+"funded by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this "
+"results in content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted "
+"nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that "
+"is reasonable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5498
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7070
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
"to develop a book from scratch, a good example being their biology book."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5513
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7083
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
"customer need? Where are students having challenges? Then they identify "
"potential authors and put them through a rigorous evaluation—only one in ten "
-"authors make it through. OpenStax selects a team of authors who come "
+"authors make it through. OpenStax selects a team of authors who come "
"together to develop a template for a chapter and collectively write the "
"first draft (or revise it, in the acquisitions model). (OpenStax doesn’t do "
"books with just a single author as David says it risks the project going "
"longer than scheduled.) The draft is peer-reviewed with no less than three "
"reviewers per chapter. A second draft is generated, with artists producing "
-"illustrations and visuals to go along with the text. The book is then "
+"illustrations and visuals to go along with the text. The book is then "
"copyedited to ensure grammatical correctness and a singular voice. Finally, "
"it goes into production and through a final proofread. The whole process is "
"very time-consuming."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5522
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7101
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
"they earn all the money up front."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5530
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7111
msgid ""
-"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
-"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
-"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole "
-"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. "
-"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling "
-"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom."
+"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation "
+"license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use "
+"their textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It "
+"frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to "
+"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. "
+"By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic "
+"freedom."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7121
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
"from making copies and heavily invest in digital rights management to ensure "
-"their books aren’t shared. By using CC BY, OpenStax avoids having to deal "
-"with digital rights management and its costs. OpenStax books can be copied "
+"their books aren’t shared. By using CC BY, OpenStax avoids having to deal "
+"with digital rights management and its costs. OpenStax books can be copied "
"and shared over and over again. CC BY changes the rules of engagement and "
"takes advantage of traditional market inefficiencies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7131
msgid ""
-"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
+"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7138
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7143
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
-msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7148
+msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
-msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7153
+msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
"colleges and universities outside the U.S.)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7168
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
"necessary precursor to international interest."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7175
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
"entire curriculum of a nursing degree, for example."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5572
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7183
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
"possible for every student who wants access to education to get it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
-msgid ""
-"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7196
+msgid "Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
-msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7199
+msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
-msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7203
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
-msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding "
+"(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book "
+"and album sales), charg-ing for in-person version (performances), selling "
+"merchandise"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
-msgid "amandapalmer.net"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
-"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
-"version (performances), selling merchandise"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
-msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/"
+"amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-"
+"swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7218
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
-"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
-"sustain her creative work. 1"
+"a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find "
+"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7224
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
-"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
-"which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of "
-"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”"
+"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . "
+"in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of "
+"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5608
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7231
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
-"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the "
-"one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On the other, "
-"you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make money to buy "
-"food so we can make more art.”"
+"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. <quote>On "
+"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda said. "
+"<quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to "
+"make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5620
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7240
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
"performance. She collected money in a hat. Most people walked by her without "
"stopping, but an essential few stopped to watch and drop some money into her "
"hat to show their appreciation. Rather than dwelling on the majority of "
-"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. “All I "
-"needed was . . . some people,” she wrote in her book. “Enough people. Enough "
-"to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to help me make "
-"rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making art.”"
+"people who ignored her, she felt thankful for those who stopped. <quote>All "
+"I needed was . . . some people,</quote> she wrote in her book. <quote>Enough "
+"people. Enough to make it worth coming back the next day, enough people to "
+"help me make rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making "
+"art.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7254
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
-"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
-"and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden Dolls, Amanda "
-"tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It didn’t take "
-"for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had absolutely "
-"no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but making music "
-"for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set out to do."
+"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her "
+"crowd</quote> and feeling gratitude when she does. With her band the Dresden "
+"Dolls, Amanda tried the traditional path of signing with a record label. It "
+"didn’t take for a variety of reasons, but one of them was that the label had "
+"absolutely no interest in Amanda’s view of success. They wanted hits, but "
+"making music for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set "
+"out to do."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5639
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
-"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay what you "
-"want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live "
-"performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try "
-"her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her Kickstarter "
-"project started with a goal of \\$100,000, and she made \\$1.2 million. It "
-"remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all time."
+"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a <quote>pay what "
+"you want</quote> basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from "
+"live performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to "
+"try her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her "
+"Kickstarter project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 "
+"million. It remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all "
+"time."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7277
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
"on Patreon, a crowdfunding site that allows artists to get recurring "
"donations from fans. More than eight thousand people have signed up to "
-"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative “thing” "
-"that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are made on a “per "
-"thing” basis. All of the content she makes is made freely available under an "
-"Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)."
+"support her so she can create music, art, and any other creative "
+"<quote>thing</quote> that she is inspired to make. The recurring pledges are "
+"made on a <quote>per thing</quote> basis. All of the content she makes is "
+"made freely available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
+"(CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5664
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7289
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
"to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music "
"for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it "
"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-"
-"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that "
+"form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign that "
"contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone "
-"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. "
-"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy "
-"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what "
-"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural "
-"fit."
+"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,</quote> Amanda "
+"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an "
+"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing "
+"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a "
+"natural fit."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5671
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7307
msgid ""
-"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
+"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
-"music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather "
-"than seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got "
-"into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said."
+"music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather than "
+"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. <quote>We "
+"got into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,</quote> she said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5679
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7315
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
"she and the band would throw concerts at house parties. As the gatherings "
-"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. “Not only "
-"did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but most "
-"of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote in The Art of Asking."
+"grew, the line between fans and friends was completely blurred. <quote>Not "
+"only did most our early fans know where I lived and where we practiced, but "
+"most of them had also been in my kitchen,</quote> Amanda wrote in The Art of "
+"Asking."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5689
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7325
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
"the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, "
"engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component "
"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. "
-"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote."
+"<quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,</quote> "
+"Amanda wrote."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5698
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7337
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
-"essentially lives her life as an open book. She has written openly about "
+"essentially lives her life as an open book. She has written openly about "
"incredibly personal events in her life, and she isn’t afraid to be "
"vulnerable. Having that kind of trust in her fans—the trust it takes to be "
"truly honest—begets trust from her fans in return. When she meets fans for "
"the first time after a show, they can legitimately feel like they know her."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5705
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7346
msgid ""
-"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
-"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
-"exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just "
-"looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us "
-"otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making yourself "
-"vulnerable is almost always worth it.”"
+"<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking "
+"palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the "
+"flaws and exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection "
+"than just looking fantastic,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>Everything in our "
+"culture is telling us otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the "
+"risk of making yourself vulnerable is almost always worth it.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5713
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7355
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
"friends—you share."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5721
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7365
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
"your success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7374
msgid ""
-"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
-"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
-"of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, Amanda and her "
-"band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They consciously "
-"cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little family.”"
+"<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of "
+"you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really "
+"is a feeling of solidarity within her core fan base. From the beginning, "
+"Amanda and her band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They "
+"consciously cultivated a feeling of belonging to their <quote>weird little "
+"family.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5736
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7382
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
-"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
-"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not "
-"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. "
-"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to "
-"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to "
-"you.”"
+"creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of "
+"person who loves cavorting with strangers,</quote> Amanda said. <quote>I "
+"recognize that it’s not necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone "
+"does it differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if "
+"it isn’t joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way "
+"that is joyful to you.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7392
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
"strengthens with human connection."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5755
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7405
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
-"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
-"years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—that connection with "
-"human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling than approaching art "
-"through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying end goal than having "
-"someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value to them.”"
+"this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my "
+"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—"
+"that connection with human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling "
+"than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying "
+"end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value "
+"to them.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5763
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7415
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. "
"Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from "
"what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other "
-"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to "
+"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to "
"help her, she lets them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
-msgid ""
-"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
-"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
-"\\#44e20ce46d67"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
-msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426
+msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7429
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
-"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
+"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
"S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
-msgid "plos.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7434
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5778
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7436
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
-"featured in the journal"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content "
+"creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
-msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
-msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7442
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5796
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7450
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
"Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7464
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
"considerations, the article is then peer-reviewed to determine if the "
-"quality of the work is acceptable for publishing. Once accepted, the "
+"quality of the work is acceptable for publishing. Once accepted, the "
"publisher takes the article through the process of copyediting, typesetting, "
-"and eventual publishing in a print or online publication. Traditional "
+"and eventual publishing in a print or online publication. Traditional "
"journal publishers recover costs and earn profit by charging a subscription "
"fee to libraries or an access fee to users wanting to read the journal or "
"article."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5816
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
"field. It was time for a new model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5826
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7487
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
"paywall and do not require a login. A key benefit of open access is that it "
"allows people to freely use, copy, and distribute the articles, as they are "
-"primarily published under an Attribution (CC BY) license (which only "
+"primarily published under an Attribution (CC BY) license (which only "
"requires the user to provide appropriate attribution). And more importantly, "
"policy makers, clinicians, entrepreneurs, educators, and students around the "
"world have free and timely access to the latest research immediately on "
"publication."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7499
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
"PLOS decided to turn the model on its head and charge a publication fee, "
-"known as an article-processing charge. This up-front fee, generally paid by "
+"known as an article-processing charge. This up-front fee, generally paid by "
"the funder of the research or the author’s institution, covers the expenses "
"such as editorial oversight, peer-review management, journal production, "
"online hosting, and support for discovery. Fees are per article and are "
"on word length, figures, or other elements."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7511
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
"that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, "
"genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, "
-"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to \\$2,900. Article-"
+"the article-processing charge ranges from $2,250 to $2,900. Article-"
"publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under "
-"\\$1,500."
+"$1,500."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5850
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7520
msgid ""
-"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
+"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5865
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7526
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
"in staff, buildings, and infrastructure to market their journal and convince "
-"customers to subscribe. Restricting access to subscribers means that tools "
+"customers to subscribe. Restricting access to subscribers means that tools "
"for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on "
-"access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s "
+"access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s "
"open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the "
"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. "
"Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to "
"to submit their work for publication."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7543
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
"provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
-"ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of "
+"ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of "
"this aligns with how they think research content should be published and "
"disseminated."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7551
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
"repository and provide a data-availability statement."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7556
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
"journals, as researchers have a choice about where to publish."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5889
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7565
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
"though they are relatively new."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7571
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
"and generates more discovery and citations for authors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5904
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7580
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
"BioMed Central, the original open-access publisher, or anyone else."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5925
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7588
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
"larger than a traditional journal, publishing thousands of articles per year "
"and benefiting from economies of scale. PLOS ONE has a broad scope, covering "
"science and medicine as well as social sciences and the humanities. The "
-"review and editorial process is less subjective. Articles are accepted for "
+"review and editorial process is less subjective. Articles are accepted for "
"publication based on whether they are technically sound rather than "
"perceived importance or relevance. This is very important in the current "
"debate about the integrity and reproducibility of research because negative "
"or null results can then be published as well, which are generally rejected "
-"by traditional journals. PLOS ONE, like all the PLOS journals, is online "
+"by traditional journals. PLOS ONE, like all the PLOS journals, is online "
"only with no print version. PLOS passes on the financial savings accrued "
"through economies of scale to researchers and the public by lowering the "
"article-processing charges, which are below that of other journals. PLOS ONE "
"multidisciplinary forums for publishing all sound science."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7612
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
"be adjusted to change current practice."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5934
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7617
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
-"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
+"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
"there is always a trade-off with scale, as the bigger the volume of "
"articles, the more time the approval process inevitably takes."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5944
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7624
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
"now, credit is limited to the publisher and author."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7636
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
"the research wheel gets reinvented around the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5964
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7643
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
"practice of distributing pre-print documents that have not yet undergone "
"peer review. Preprints broaden the peer-review process, allowing authors to "
"receive early feedback from a wide group of peers, which can help revise and "
-"prepare the article for submission. Offsetting the advantages of preprints "
+"prepare the article for submission. Offsetting the advantages of preprints "
"are author concerns over ensuring their primacy of being first to come up "
-"with findings based on their research. Other researches may see findings "
-"the preprint author has not yet thought of. However, preprints help "
-"researchers get their discoveries out early and establish precedence. A big "
-"challenge is that researchers don’t have a lot of time to comment on "
-"preprints."
+"with findings based on their research. Other researches may see findings the "
+"preprint author has not yet thought of. However, preprints help researchers "
+"get their discoveries out early and establish precedence. A big challenge is "
+"that researchers don’t have a lot of time to comment on preprints."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7661
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
-"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
+"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
"online open up new possibilities, such as a living document evolving over "
"time, inclusion of audio and video, and interactivity, like discussion and "
"recommendations. Even the size of what gets published could change. With "
"article would undergo transformation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5984
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7675
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7679
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7671
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
"drinking from a fire hose. To help mitigate this, PLOS aggregates and "
-"curates content from PLOS journals and their network of blogs.1 It also "
-"offers something called Article-Level Metrics, which helps users assess "
-"research most relevant to the field itself, based on indicators like usage, "
-"citations, social bookmarking and dissemination activity, media and blog "
-"coverage, discussions, and ratings.2 Louise believes that the journal model "
-"could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user experience, "
-"including a way for readers to communicate with authors."
+"curates content from PLOS journals and their network of blogs.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It also offers something called Article-Level "
+"Metrics, which helps users assess research most relevant to the field "
+"itself, based on indicators like usage, citations, social bookmarking and "
+"dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and ratings."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise believes that the journal "
+"model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user "
+"experience, including a way for readers to communicate with authors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5993
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7684
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
"dissemination of research, while ensuring its integrity and reliability. The "
-"ways they interlink are complex. The process of change and adjustment is not "
-"linear. PLOS sees itself as a very flexible publisher interested in "
+"ways they interlink are complex. The process of change and adjustment is "
+"not linear. PLOS sees itself as a very flexible publisher interested in "
"exploring all the permutations research-publishing can take, with authors "
"and readers who are open to experimentation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7694
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
-"for the benefit of researchers and society. The CC BY license makes it "
+"for the benefit of researchers and society. The CC BY license makes it "
"possible for PLOS to publish in a way that is unfettered, open, and fast, "
-"while ensuring that the authors get credit for their work. More than two "
+"while ensuring that the authors get credit for their work. More than two "
"million scientists, scholars, and clinicians visit PLOS every month, with "
"more than 135,000 quality articles to peruse for free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7704
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
"science."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
-msgid "collections.plos.org"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
-msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
-msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7710
+msgid "Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713
msgid ""
-"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
+"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
-msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7717
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7719
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
-"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government "
+"funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling "
+"merchandise"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
-msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7723
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7726
msgid ""
-"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
-"department"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data "
+"manager of the collections information department"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
"of these circumstances emerged a new and more open model for the museum."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6054
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7750
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
-"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
+"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
"that even with the new and larger space, it still wouldn’t be able to show "
"very much of the whole collection—eight thousand of over one million works "
"representing just 1 percent. Staff began exploring ways to express "
"themselves, to have something to show for all of the work they had been "
-"doing. The Rijksmuseum is primarily funded by Dutch taxpayers, so was there "
+"doing. The Rijksmuseum is primarily funded by Dutch taxpayers, so was there "
"a way for the museum provide benefit to the public while it was closed? They "
"began thinking about sharing Rijksmuseum’s collection using information "
"technology. And they put up a card-catalog like database of the entire "
"collection online."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6062
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7764
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
"eventually led to why not put the whole collection online?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6074
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7773
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
-"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
-"museum collections all across Europe, Europeana had become an important "
-"online platform. In October 2010 Creative Commons released CC0 and its "
-"public-domain mark as tools people could use to identify works as free of "
-"known copyright. Europeana was the first major adopter, using CC0 to release "
-"metadata about their collection and the public domain mark for millions of "
-"digital works in their collection. Lizzy says the Rijksmuseum initially "
-"found this change in business practice a bit scary, but at the same time it "
-"stimulated even more discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow "
-"suit."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
-msgid ""
-"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
+"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As an online portal to museum collections all across "
+"Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October 2010 "
+"Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools people "
+"could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was the "
+"first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their collection "
+"and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their "
+"collection. Lizzy says the Rijksmuseum initially found this change in "
+"business practice a bit scary, but at the same time it stimulated even more "
+"discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow suit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7787
+msgid ""
+"They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
"terms they currently had in place. For example, many copies and versions of "
"Vermeer’s Milkmaid (part of their collection) were already online, many of "
"access meant the people they were frustrating the most were schoolkids."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7800
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
"overseas customers. The administrative costs often offset revenue, and "
"income above costs was relatively low. In addition, having to pay for an "
"image of a work in the public domain from a collection owned by the Dutch "
-"government (i.e., paid for by the public) was contentious and frustrating "
+"government (i.e., paid for by the public) was contentious and frustrating "
"for some. Lizzy says they had lots of fierce debates about what to do."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6107
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7814
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
"the goal to eventually have the entire collection online."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
"found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in "
"thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per "
"month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. "
-"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” "
-"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real "
-"life by visiting the actual museum."
+"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the <quote>Mona Lisa "
+"effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to "
+"see it in real life by visiting the actual museum."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7840
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
-"its operating budget from the government. But like many museums, it must "
+"its operating budget from the government. But like many museums, it must "
"generate the rest of the funding through other means. The admission fee has "
"long been a way to generate revenue generation, including for the "
"Rijksmuseum."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6139
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7848
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
"from and this increases the museum’s visibility."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7868
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7862
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
"addition to redesigning their main website to be mobile friendly and "
"responsive to devices like the iPad, the Rijksmuseum also created the "
"Rijksstudio, where users and artists could use and do various things with "
-"the Rijksmuseum collection.2"
+"the Rijksmuseum collection.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7871
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
-"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
+"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
"in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. Rijksstudio is "
-"a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal "
-"favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them free of "
-"charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty free, "
-"and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even "
+"a bit like Pinterest. You can <quote>like</quote> works and compile your "
+"personal favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them "
+"free of charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty "
+"free, and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even "
"commercial purposes."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6160
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
"purposes including use for school exams."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7889
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
"to the public, but within limits the artists have specified."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6180
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7909
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-"
+"kimono-kimono-robe\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900
msgid ""
-"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
-"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
+"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
+"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. "
"The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in "
-"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to inspire "
-"people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on Etsy is a "
-"kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an elaborate cabinet "
-"along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The Threatened Swan.3"
+"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to "
+"inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on "
+"Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an "
+"elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The "
+"Threatened Swan.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6193
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7913
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 "
+"award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; "
+"the 2015 award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
+"award-2015\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7925
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-"
+"rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7912
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
-"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
-"Your Own Masterpiece, the competition invites the public to use Rijksstudio "
-"images to make new creative designs. A jury of renowned designers and "
-"curators selects ten finalists and three winners. The final award comes with "
-"a prize of €10,000. The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 "
-"top-class entries. Some award winners end up with their work sold through "
-"the Rijksmuseum store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a "
-"specific color scheme of a work of art.5 The Rijksmuseum has been thrilled "
-"with the results. Entries range from the fun to the weird to the "
-"inspirational. The third international edition of the Rijksstudio Award "
-"started in September 2016."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
+"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> With the call to action Make Your Own Masterpiece, the "
+"competition invites the public to use Rijksstudio images to make new "
+"creative designs. A jury of renowned designers and curators selects ten "
+"finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of €10,000. "
+"The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class entries. "
+"Some award winners end up with their work sold through the Rijksmuseum "
+"store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a specific color "
+"scheme of a work of art.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The "
+"Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries range from the fun "
+"to the weird to the inspirational. The third international edition of the "
+"Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7931
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
"social elements so users can interact with each other more."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7937
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
"to three hundred thousand."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
"celebrating animals, they ran a successful bird-themed event. The museum put "
"together a showing of two thousand works that featured birds and invited "
-"bird-watchers to identify the birds depicted. Lizzy notes that while museum "
+"bird-watchers to identify the birds depicted. Lizzy notes that while museum "
"curators know a lot about the works in their collections, they may not know "
"about certain details in the paintings such as bird species. Over eight "
"hundred different birds were identified, including a specific species of "
"painting."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6232
-msgid ""
-"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
-"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
-"might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not come "
-"true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great art.” "
-"Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things related to "
-"their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually bad at "
-"selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of money "
-"block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. For "
-"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but pound-"
-"foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose sight of "
-"its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
-"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous "
-"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their "
-"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people "
-"happy to join you and help out.”"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
-msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
-msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
-msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
-msgid ""
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
-"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
-"award-2015"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7959
msgid ""
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
-"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
+"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came "
+"up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things "
+"people might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not "
+"come true because <quote>ninety-nine percent of people have respect for "
+"great art.</quote> Many museums think they can make a lot of money by "
+"selling things related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, "
+"museums are usually bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate "
+"a small amount of money block something much bigger—the real value that the "
+"collection has. For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being "
+"penny-wise but pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to "
+"never lose sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and "
+"use of their collection has generated great promotional value—far more than "
+"the previous practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up "
+"their experience: <quote>Give away; get something in return. Generosity "
+"makes people happy to join you and help out.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
-msgid "## Shareable"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7979
+msgid "Shareable"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6247
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7982
msgid ""
"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
-msgid "www.shareable.net"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7986
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6252
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7988
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
-"sponsorships"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, "
+"crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
-msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7991
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
-msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7994
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder "
+"and executive editor"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
"watched one part of the movement stray from its ideals. As giants like Uber "
-"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the “sharing economy” "
-"we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with venture-capital "
-"money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited Shareable to "
-"advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave or stand on "
-"principle."
+"and Airbnb gained ground, attention began to center on the <quote>sharing "
+"economy</quote> we know now—profit-driven, transactional, and loaded with "
+"venture-capital money. Leaders of corporate start-ups in this domain invited "
+"Shareable to advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave "
+"or stand on principle."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6277
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013
msgid ""
-"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
+"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
"the PandoDaily that charted Shareable’s new critical stance on the Silicon "
"Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it with aspects of "
"the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting "
"(where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and "
-"more. He wrote, “It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is dead, "
-"it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”"
+"more. He wrote, <quote>It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is "
+"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the <quote>Borg.</"
+"quote></quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8025
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
-"around had they chosen differently. “We would have gotten another type of "
-"audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,” he said. “We are a "
-"small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been able to weather "
-"the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”"
+"around had they chosen differently. <quote>We would have gotten another type "
+"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he said. "
+"<quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been "
+"able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8035
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
"choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the "
"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. "
"Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online "
-"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to "
-"grow their audience."
+"magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing economy</quote> and "
+"continued to grow their audience."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6303
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
-"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
-"became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a sharing "
-"movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the dots,” "
-"Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on that role.” The "
-"small team behind the nonprofit publication truly believed sharing could be "
-"central to solving some of the major problems human beings face—resource "
-"inequality, social isolation, and global warming."
+"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
+"became a leader in the movement in 2009. <quote>At that time, there was a "
+"sharing movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the "
+"dots,</quote> Neal said. <quote>We decided to step into that space and take "
+"on that role.</quote> The small team behind the nonprofit publication truly "
+"believed sharing could be central to solving some of the major problems "
+"human beings face—resource inequality, social isolation, and global warming."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8058
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
-"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
-"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on "
-"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons "
-"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, "
-"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. "
-"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make "
-"changes in their own lives and communities."
+"metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what "
+"constitutes the good life,</quote> Neal said. While they started out with a "
+"very broad focus on sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about "
+"the physical commons like <quote>sharing cities</quote> (i.e., urban areas "
+"managed in a sustainable, cooperative way), as well as digital platforms "
+"that are run democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that "
+"help their readers make changes in their own lives and communities."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6324
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8070
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
-"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
-"priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,” Neal "
-"said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest writers, often "
-"for free, or written by other publications from their network of content "
-"publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which "
-"facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and growing "
-"group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to present "
-"stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each other’s "
-"stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed with "
-"Creative Commons."
+"are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that "
+"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,</"
+"quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest "
+"writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their network "
+"of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, "
+"which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and "
+"growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to "
+"present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each "
+"other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed "
+"with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8085
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
"given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s "
"vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s "
"embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC "
-"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, "
-"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal "
-"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. "
-"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of "
-"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”"
+"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC licensing,</"
+"quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more people through a "
+"formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has "
+"definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other "
+"media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have much "
+"bigger audiences than we do.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6344
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8100
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
"on their website."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6349
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8110
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
-"a PDF version of the book was available for free. Shareable plans to offer "
+"a PDF version of the book was available for free. Shareable plans to offer "
"the book in upcoming fund-raising campaigns."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6357
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8117
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
"grants from foundations, but they are actively moving toward a more "
"diversified model. They have organizational sponsors and are working to "
-"expand their base of individual donors. Ideally, they will eventually be a "
+"expand their base of individual donors. Ideally, they will eventually be a "
"hundred percent funded by their audience. Neal believes being fully "
"community-supported will better represent their vision of the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8127
msgid ""
-"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
-"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
-"attract passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work "
-"so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that "
-"another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you "
-"do something you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be "
-"on a great adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who "
-"look over the horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek "
-"the comfort of hearth and home.”"
+"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is "
+"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We "
+"attract passionate people,</quote> Neal said. At times, that means "
+"employees work so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable "
+"team that another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself "
+"while you do something you love. <quote>A central part of human beings is "
+"that we long to be on a great adventure with people we love,</quote> he "
+"said. <quote>We are a species who look over the horizon and imagine and "
+"create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of hearth and home.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8140
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. "
-"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start "
-"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching "
-"their \\$50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, "
-"but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base."
+"The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and start "
+"making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up "
+"reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new "
+"people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6382
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8150
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
-"relationships they have forged with their readers and supporters. They have "
+"relationships they have forged with their readers and supporters. They have "
"also invested resources into building relationships between their readers "
"and supporters."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6396
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8157
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
-"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. “If "
-"we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and huge staffing "
-"needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to the event,” "
-"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe "
-"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more "
-"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over "
-"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. "
-"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and "
-"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable "
-"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their "
-"network to implement."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401
+"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. "
+"<quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and "
+"huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to "
+"the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events "
+"around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and "
+"reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different "
+"events reaching over twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy "
+"three years ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on "
+"creating and distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, "
+"Shareable will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for "
+"their network to implement."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8174
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
-"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
-"fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take the "
-"ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
+"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-"
+"size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take "
+"the ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
-msgid "## Siyavula"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8182
+msgid "Siyavula"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
"Africa."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
-msgid "www.siyavula.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8190
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
-msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8192
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom "
+"services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
-msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8195
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
-msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8197
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6423
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8204
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
-"this forms the basis for long-term growth and development. Siyavula has "
-"been a pioneer in creating high-quality open textbooks on mathematics and "
-"science subjects for grades 4 to 12 in South Africa."
+"this forms the basis for long-term growth and development. Siyavula has been "
+"a pioneer in creating high-quality open textbooks on mathematics and science "
+"subjects for grades 4 to 12 in South Africa."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6428
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8212
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
"survive and prosper. Mark says it’s been very organic."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8219
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
"colleagues set out to write them and make them freely available."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6443
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8227
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
-"Foundation’s GNU Free Documentation License.1 They chose LaTeX, a "
-"typesetting program used to publish scientific documents, to author the "
-"books. Over a period of five years, the Free High School Science Texts "
-"project produced math and physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12."
+"Foundation’s GNU Free Documentation License.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> They chose LaTeX, a typesetting program used to publish "
+"scientific documents, to author the books. Over a period of five years, the "
+"Free High School Science Texts project produced math and physical-science "
+"textbooks for grades 10 to 12."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8236
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
-"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
+"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
"the textbooks were adopted showed there were no substantial criticisms of "
"the textbooks’ pedagogical content. This pleased both the authors and "
"Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this accomplishment."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6455
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8244
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
"enough to meet the need."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8254
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8250
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
-"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
+"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
"result was the Cape Town Open Education Declaration, a statement of "
"principles, strategies, and commitment to help the open-education movement "
-"grow.2 Shuttleworth also invited Mark to run a project writing open content "
-"for all subjects for K–12 in English. That project became Siyavula."
+"grow.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Shuttleworth also invited "
+"Mark to run a project writing open content for all subjects for K–12 in "
+"English. That project became Siyavula."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8259
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
"significantly expanding the collection beyond the six original books."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6483
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8267
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
-"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
-"Although sharing is fundamental to teaching, there can be a few challenges "
-"when you create educational resources collectively. One concern is legal. It "
-"is standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but "
-"of course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is "
+"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although "
+"sharing is fundamental to teaching, there can be a few challenges when you "
+"create educational resources collectively. One concern is legal. It is "
+"standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but of "
+"course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is "
"transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and "
"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-"
"based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on "
"share and free from legal repercussions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6491
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8286
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8282
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
-"with an open editable format and provide tools for editing. They ended up "
+"with an open editable format and provide tools for editing. They ended up "
"putting all the books they’d acquired and authored on a platform called "
-"Connexions.3 Siyavula trained many teachers to use Connexions, but it proved "
-"to be too complex and the textbooks were rarely edited."
+"Connexions.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Siyavula trained many "
+"teachers to use Connexions, but it proved to be too complex and the "
+"textbooks were rarely edited."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6497
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8290
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
"an independent entity and took ownership over it as a Shuttleworth fellow."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297
msgid ""
-"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
-"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
+"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They "
+"tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
"teachers could share assessment items. They tried creating a service called "
"Open Press, where teachers could ask for open educational resources to be "
"aggregated into a package and printed for them. These services never really "
"panned out."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8305
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
-"physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12) for all high school students "
-"in South Africa. Although at this point Siyavula was a bit discouraged by "
-"open educational resources, they saw this as a big opportunity."
+"physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12) for all high school "
+"students in South Africa. Although at this point Siyavula was a bit "
+"discouraged by open educational resources, they saw this as a big "
+"opportunity."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6519
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8313
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
"to access them using any device—computer, tablet, or mobile phone."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6530
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
"in a printed textbook is demonstrate solutions. Typically, a one-line answer "
"is given at the end of the book but nothing on the process for arriving at "
-"that solution. Mark and his team developed practice items and detailed "
+"that solution. Mark and his team developed practice items and detailed "
"solutions, giving learners plenty of opportunity to test out what they’ve "
"learned. Furthermore, an algorithm could adapt these practice items to the "
"individual needs of each learner. They called this service Intelligent "
"Practice and embedded links to it in the open textbooks."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6535
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8335
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
"targeting only the high end of the market."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6543
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8341
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
-"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
+"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
"schools who could afford it provided students with a different textbook. The "
"Siyavula books were eventually distributed, but with well-off schools mainly "
"using a different book, the primary market for Siyavula’s Intelligent "
"Practice service inadvertently became low-income learners."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6551
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8350
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
-"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a “feature "
-"phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading "
-"math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the day. To Mark, it "
-"was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were servicing."
+"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a "
+"<quote>feature phone</quote> (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic "
+"phones were reading math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of "
+"the day. To Mark, it was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were "
+"servicing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8359
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
-"demographic, as credit cards were not prevalent. Mark says Siyavula got a "
+"demographic, as credit cards were not prevalent. Mark says Siyavula got a "
"harsh business-model lesson early on. As he describes it, it’s not just "
"about product, but how you sell it, who the market is, what the price is, "
"and what the barriers to entry are."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6563
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8368
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
"customer."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8374
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
"for the same content without adding value."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6580
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8383
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
"directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A "
"single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including "
-"practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower "
+"practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower "
"subscription rates are provided when there are over two hundred students, "
"and big schools have a price cap. A 40 percent discount is offered to "
"schools where both the science and math departments subscribe."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
"points they’ve earned, and how their performance is improving."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6594
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8403
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
-"the Intelligent Practice service for a wider range of books. Grades 10 to "
-"12 math and science books were reworked each year, and new books created for "
+"the Intelligent Practice service for a wider range of books. Grades 10 to 12 "
+"math and science books were reworked each year, and new books created for "
"grades 4 to 6 and later grades 7 to 9."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6600
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8411
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
-"to 6 called Thunderbolt Kids that uses a fun comic-book style.4 It’s a "
-"complete curriculum that also comes with teacher’s guides and other "
-"resources."
+"to 6 called Thunderbolt Kids that uses a fun comic-book style.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It’s a complete curriculum that also comes with "
+"teacher’s guides and other resources."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6608
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8418
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
-"nailed the production model. It cost roughly \\$150,000 to produce a book in "
+"nailed the production model. It cost roughly $150,000 to produce a book in "
"two languages. Sponsors liked the social-benefit aspect of textbooks "
"unlocked via a Creative Commons license. They also liked the exposure their "
-"brand got. For roughly \\$150,000, their logo would be visible on books "
+"brand got. For roughly $150,000, their logo would be visible on books "
"distributed to over one million students."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8428
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
"books."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8436
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
"government said no."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6632
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
-"costs around 250 rand per book (about US\\$18). Providing the Siyavula "
-"version cost around 36 rand (about \\$2.60), a savings of over 200 rand per "
+"costs around 250 rand per book (about US$18). Providing the Siyavula "
+"version cost around 36 rand (about $2.60), a savings of over 200 rand per "
"book. But none of those savings were passed on to Siyavula. In retrospect, "
"Mark thinks this may have turned out in their favor as it allowed them to "
"remain independent from the government."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8457
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
"costs, the government declared there would be only one authorized textbook "
"for each grade and each subject. There was no guarantee that Siyavula’s "
-"would be chosen. This scared away potential sponsors."
+"would be chosen. This scared away potential sponsors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8465
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
"today."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
"out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8483
msgid ""
-"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
-"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
-"the phone, diversifying their market to all English-speaking countries in "
+"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These "
+"include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the "
+"phone, diversifying their market to all English-speaking countries in "
"Africa, and setting up a consortium that makes Intelligent Practice free to "
"all kids by selling the nonpersonal data Intelligent Practice collects."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8491
msgid ""
-"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
+"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
"Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open "
"license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to "
"block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
-msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
-msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8507
+msgid "SparkFun"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
-msgid "cnx.org"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
-msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
-msgid "## Sparkfun"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8510
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
-msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8514
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
-msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8516
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical "
+"copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
-msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8519
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
-msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8522
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6701
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
"was glee."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6706
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8536
msgid ""
-"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
-"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
-"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the "
-"world.”"
+"<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> "
+"Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a "
+"market we were never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of "
+"our impact on the world.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8542
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
"their products on their own. Being copied is part of the design."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6722
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8551
msgid ""
-"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
-"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
-"makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, and their "
-"products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to twelve weeks of "
-"release. This forces the company to compete on something other than product "
-"design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual property."
+"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on "
+"our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly "
+"believes it makes SparkFun better at what they do. They encourage copying, "
+"and their products are copied at a very fast rate, often within ten to "
+"twelve weeks of release. This forces the company to compete on something "
+"other than product design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual "
+"property."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8560
msgid ""
-"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
-"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
-"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
+"<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. "
+"<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get "
+"comfy and rest on your laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that "
+"safety net.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6734
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8566
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
-"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
-"ago,” Nathan said. “We used to just sell products. Now it’s a product plus a "
-"video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example firmware on three "
-"different platforms to get you up and running faster. We have gotten better "
-"because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it is for us, it’s "
-"better for the customers.”"
+"improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five "
+"years ago,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>We used to just sell products. Now "
+"it’s a product plus a video, a seventeen-page hookup guide, and example "
+"firmware on three different platforms to get you up and running faster. We "
+"have gotten better because we had to in order to compete. As painful as it "
+"is for us, it’s better for the customers.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8576
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
"code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts "
"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. "
-"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP \\[intellectual "
-"property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be "
-"competing on.”"
+"<quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual "
+"property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the stuff they "
+"should be competing on.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8586
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
-"there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order for "
-"something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find it, and "
-"then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third year of "
-"college, he registered sparkfun.com and started reselling products out of "
-"his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making and selling his own "
-"products."
+"there was a void in the market. <quote>If you wanted to place an order for "
+"something,</quote> he said, <quote>you first had to search far and wide to "
+"find it, and then you had to call or fax someone.</quote> In 2003, during "
+"his third year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/"
+"> and started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he "
+"started making and selling his own products."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8598
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
-"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
+"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
"research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because he "
-"was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing terms in "
-"simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the schematics and "
-"firmware for the products they create."
+"was drawn to the <quote>human-readable deeds</quote> that explain the "
+"licensing terms in simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of "
+"the schematics and firmware for the products they create."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8607
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
-"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
+"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling "
"components and widgets to hobbyists, professionals, and artists remains a "
"major part of SparkFun’s business. They sell their own products, but they "
"also partner with Arduino (also profiled in this book) by manufacturing "
"boards for resale using Arduino’s brand."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8616
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
"young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8623
msgid ""
-"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
-"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
-"hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”"
+"<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
+"technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the "
+"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8629
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
"share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker with "
-"their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun "
-"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a “copyleft” "
-"license that allows people to do anything with the content as long as they "
-"provide credit and make any adaptations available under the same licensing "
-"terms."
+"their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun "
+"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a "
+"<quote>copyleft</quote> license that allows people to do anything with the "
+"content as long as they provide credit and make any adaptations available "
+"under the same licensing terms."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
"they open their doors to the public for a competition once a year."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6805
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
"around the area to race their own self-created bots against each other, "
"participate in training workshops, and socialize. From a business "
"perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event "
-"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and "
-"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees "
-"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-"
-"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a "
-"human element, which makes it more meaningful."
+"for business reasons. <quote>The reason we do it is because I get to travel "
+"and have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our "
+"employees don’t,</quote> he said. <quote>This event gives our employees the "
+"opportunity to get face-to-face contact with our customers.</quote> The "
+"event infuses their work with a human element, which makes it more "
+"meaningful."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6813
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8665
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
-"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is not the "
-"goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on "
-"having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they get some of the "
-"brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t singularly focused "
-"on the bottom line."
+"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. <quote>Profit is "
+"not the goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,</quote> Nathan "
+"said. <quote>We focus on having a bigger impact on the world.</quote> Nathan "
+"believes they get some of the brightest and most amazing employees because "
+"they aren’t singularly focused on the bottom line."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8675
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
"unchanging content."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8682
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
"customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and "
-"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the company. "
-"SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and tries to "
-"build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been listening to "
-"the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain point, and we "
-"would design something to address it.”"
+"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the "
+"company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and "
+"tries to build on them where they can. <quote>From the beginning, we have "
+"been listening to the community,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Customers "
+"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8694
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
-"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
+"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
"public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a "
"particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people "
"contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are "
-"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-"
-"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
+"relatively untouched by the public. <quote>There is a theory that if you "
+"open-source it, they will come,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>That’s not "
+"really true.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6845
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
"own. They heavily invest in tutorials and other material designed to help "
"people understand how the products work so they can fix and improve things "
-"independently. “What gives me joy is when people take open-source layouts "
-"and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan said."
+"independently. <quote>What gives me joy is when people take open-source "
+"layouts and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,</quote> "
+"Nathan said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6857
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8715
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
"kind of company they set out to be."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
-msgid "## TeachAIDS"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8729
+msgid "TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8732
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
-"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
+"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U."
+"S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
-msgid "teachaids.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8737
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
-msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8739
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
-msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8741
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
-msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8744
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and "
+"Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
-"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
+"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
"Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational materials "
"TeachAIDS distributes."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6889
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8758
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
"license."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8771
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
"pieces of information."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6917
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8791
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
"distribute them. As soon as the animated software was posted online, Piya’s "
"team started receiving requests from individuals and governments who were "
-"interested in bringing this model to more countries. “We realized fairly "
-"quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was considered "
-"taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local partners "
-"and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate education,” "
-"Piya said."
+"interested in bringing this model to more countries. <quote>We realized "
+"fairly quickly that educating large populations about a topic that was "
+"considered taboo would be challenging. We began by identifying optimal local "
+"partners and worked toward creating an effective, culturally appropriate "
+"education,</quote> Piya said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8803
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
"decided to use Creative Commons licenses on the materials."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6934
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8809
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
-"the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the "
+"the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the "
"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially "
"gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the "
-"content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution for "
-"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,” the "
-"cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. “It was almost a no-brainer "
-"to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play solution to this "
-"exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials safely and quickly "
-"worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us at the same time.”"
+"content, and for noncommercial purposes. <quote>We wanted attribution for "
+"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,</"
+"quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It was "
+"almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play "
+"solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials "
+"safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us "
+"at the same time.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8825
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
"content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to "
-"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-"
-"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives "
-"everything we do.”"
+"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating high-"
+"quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya said. "
+"<quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8834
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
"version of the materials."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6961
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8843
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
"are more likely to accept information from someone of the same gender."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6975
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8858
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
"eleven times."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6992
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8874
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
"use people from diverse backgrounds to create the materials, including "
"teachers, students, and doctors, as well as individuals experienced in "
"working in the NGO space. This diversity and breadth of knowledge help "
-"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of life. "
+"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of life. "
"Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors to "
"help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The inclusive, "
"but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who "
"are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than "
"ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero "
-"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we "
-"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they "
-"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can "
-"push play and they will work.”"
+"training for people to implement in practice. <quote>In our research, we "
+"found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even "
+"if they have the best of intentions,</quote> Piya said. <quote>We need "
+"materials where you can push play and they will work.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7003
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8894
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-"
"kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
"model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the "
-"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators "
-"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own "
-"materials using whatever they could find for free online,” Shuman said. “The "
-"only way to persuade them to use our highly effective model was to make it "
-"completely free.”"
+"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. "
+"<quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating "
+"their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,</quote> "
+"Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our highly "
+"effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8907
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
"remains branded as TeachAIDS."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7020
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
"the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more "
"importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an "
-"area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could "
-"get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,” "
-"Shuman said."
+"area with no sponsors. <quote>If we just created versions based on where we "
+"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,"
+"</quote> Shuman said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7031
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8928
msgid ""
-"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
-"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
-"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the "
-"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. "
-"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs "
-"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. "
-"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often "
-"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the "
-"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit "
-"a brand for many years to come."
+"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new "
+"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya "
+"said. <quote>We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.</quote> They "
+"believe the sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value "
+"to sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach "
+"new eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other "
+"advertising channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew "
+"young, which is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional "
+"advertising, the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a "
+"sponsorship can benefit a brand for many years to come."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8942
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
-"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. “This is something "
-"companies can be proud of internally,” Shuman said. Some companies have even "
-"built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored these "
-"initiatives."
+"corporate sponsorships are donations to a cause. <quote>This is something "
+"companies can be proud of internally,</quote> Shuman said. Some companies "
+"have even built publicity campaigns around the fact that they have sponsored "
+"these initiatives."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8951
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
"it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create "
"furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their "
-"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer "
-"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
+"materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a game "
+"changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
-msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8961
+msgid "Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8964
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
"Netherlands."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
-msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8969
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
-msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8974
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
-msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8977
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, "
+"cofounder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7069
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
"online business. He also coauthored a number of workbooks for small- to "
-"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the Web. "
+"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the Web. "
"Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of open "
"licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7077
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8994
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
"readily available."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7085
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9004
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
"expressed interest in being their legal team should they decide to pursue "
-"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, “When lawyers are "
-"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.” So "
-"after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to build "
-"a platform."
+"this as an entrepreneurial opportunity. Hessel says, <quote>When lawyers are "
+"interested in a venture like this, you might have something special.</quote> "
+"So after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to "
+"build a platform."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7091
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9014
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
"trust relationship."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9021
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
-"limited part of their repertoire. The two entrepreneurs wanted to take the "
+"limited part of their repertoire. The two entrepreneurs wanted to take the "
"pain away for media makers who wanted to license music and solve the "
"problems the two had personally experienced finding this music."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7106
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9036
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9029
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
-"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-"
+"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-"
"listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without "
"the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their "
"In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the "
-"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
+"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7124
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9039
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
-"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
+"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
"collecting societies in the European Union usually hold monopolies in their "
"respective national markets. In addition, they require their members to "
-"transfer exclusive administration rights to them of all of their works. This "
-"complicates the picture for Tribe of Noise, who wants to represent artists, "
-"or at least a portion of their repertoire. Hessel and his legal team reached "
-"out to collecting societies, starting with those in the Netherlands. What "
-"would be the best legal way forward that would respect the wishes of "
-"composers and musicians who’d be interested in trying out new models like "
-"the In-store Music Service? Collecting societies at first were hesitant and "
-"said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they primarily work with "
-"unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of the world where they "
-"don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and this convinced them "
-"that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still fighting for a good "
-"cause every single day.”"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135
+"transfer exclusive administration rights to them of all of their works. "
+"This complicates the picture for Tribe of Noise, who wants to represent "
+"artists, or at least a portion of their repertoire. Hessel and his legal "
+"team reached out to collecting societies, starting with those in the "
+"Netherlands. What would be the best legal way forward that would respect the "
+"wishes of composers and musicians who’d be interested in trying out new "
+"models like the In-store Music Service? Collecting societies at first were "
+"hesitant and said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they "
+"primarily work with unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of "
+"the world where they don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and "
+"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, <quote>We are "
+"still fighting for a good cause every single day.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9060
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
"Noise reseller. The largest telecom network in the Netherlands, for example, "
"sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their business "
-"clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a "
+"clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a "
"similar deal with the leading trade association representing hotels and "
-"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” this service "
-"into other countries where collecting societies understand what you can do "
-"with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early adoptions have "
-"happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S."
+"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to <quote>copy and paste</quote> "
+"this service into other countries where collecting societies understand what "
+"you can do with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early "
+"adoptions have happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9074
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
"share is 42.5 percent. It’s not uncommon in a traditional model for the "
"artist to get only 5 to 10 percent, so a share of over 40 percent is a "
-"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their website:"
+"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their website:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9090
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9082
msgid ""
-"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
-"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
+"A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are "
+"selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
"retailer with 1,000 stores nationwide. In this case the overall playlist "
-"contains 350 songs so the musician’s share is 5/350 = 1.43%. The license "
-"fee agreed with this retailer is US\\$12 per month per play-out. So if 42.5% "
-"is shared with the Tribe musicians in this playlist and your share is 1.43%, "
-"you end up with US\\$12 \\* 1000 stores \\* 0.425 \\* 0.0143 = US\\$73 per "
-"month.2"
+"contains 350 songs so the musician’s share is 5/350 = 1.43%. The license fee "
+"agreed with this retailer is US$12 per month per play-out. So if 42.5% is "
+"shared with the Tribe musicians in this playlist and your share is 1.43%, "
+"you end up with US$12 * 1000 stores * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US$73 per month."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093
msgid ""
-"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
+"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
"Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and "
"remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons "
-"licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day "
+"licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day "
"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-"
"SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
"Tribe of Noise Pro aren’t Creative Commons licensed; Tribe of Noise has "
-"instead created a “nonexclusive exploitation” contract, similar to a "
-"Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever they "
-"want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off the "
-"Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician "
+"instead created a <quote>nonexclusive exploitation</quote> contract, similar "
+"to a Creative Commons license but allowing musicians to opt out whenever "
+"they want. When you opt out, Tribe of Noise agrees to take your music off "
+"the Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician "
"reuse their song for a better deal."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. "
-"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their repertoire "
-"at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
+"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their "
+"repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7181
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9123
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
"than the community area."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9129
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
"interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9137
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
"them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7205
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9158
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
-"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
+"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
"from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of "
"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. "
"Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little "
"collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7231
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9170
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
"without litigation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9187
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
"a model that’s based on trust."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
-msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
-msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
-msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9199
+msgid "Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7250
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9202
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
-msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9207
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
-msgid "Revenue model: donations"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9209
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
-msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9211
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9214
msgid ""
-"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
-"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief "
+"Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9223
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7269
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9226
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
"reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
"the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9239
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
"organization."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7290
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9253
msgid ""
-"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
-"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
+"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common "
+"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it "
"undoubtedly has its challenges and flaws, Wikipedia and its sister projects "
"are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9260
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
-"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
+"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
"makes the projects successful—community, transparency, a strong mission, "
"trust—are consistent with what it takes to be successfully Made with "
"Creative Commons more generally. With Wikipedia, everything just happens at "
"an unprecedented scale."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7307
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9269
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
"edits are made every hour."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7327
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9281
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
-"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
-"improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community "
-"Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on "
-"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by "
-"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of their "
-"systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the rule "
-"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their system. "
-"The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to resolve "
-"disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject areas, "
-"talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
+"cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
+"improvement really works,</quote> Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of "
+"Community Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern "
+"cocreation on Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and "
+"vary by language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies "
+"of their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to "
+"the rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their "
+"system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to "
+"resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject "
+"areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
"Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community "
-"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, "
-"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the "
-"foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community cannot do as "
-"effectively, like the software engineering that supports the technical "
-"infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the foundation’s "
-"budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites."
+"is very deliberate. <quote>We look at the things that the community can do "
+"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told us. "
+"Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community "
+"cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that supports the "
+"technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the "
+"foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7340
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9305
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
-"help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly "
-"evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia becoming the "
-"world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, "
-"somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some "
-"portion of that success is attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place "
-"to try to incentivize good actors. “The secret to having any healthy "
-"community is bringing back the right people,” Luis said. “Vandals tend to "
-"get bored and go away. That is partially our model working, and partially "
-"just human nature.” Most of the time, people want to do the right thing."
+"help the site function as effectively as possible. <quote>There is a "
+"constantly evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia "
+"becoming the world’s biggest graffiti wall,</quote> Luis said. Depending on "
+"how you measure it, somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia "
+"are positive. Some portion of that success is attributable to the tools "
+"Wikimedia has in place to try to incentivize good actors. <quote>The secret "
+"to having any healthy community is bringing back the right people,</quote> "
+"Luis said. <quote>Vandals tend to get bored and go away. That is partially "
+"our model working, and partially just human nature.</quote> Most of the "
+"time, people want to do the right thing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7351
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9321
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
-"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
+"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
"the text of Wikipedia is available under an Attribution-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and modified so long "
"as credit is given and anything new is shared back with the public under the "
"same license. In theory, that means anyone can copy the content and start a "
-"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, “Being open has only made Wikipedia "
-"bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is best for "
-"everyone.”"
+"new Wikipedia. But as Stephen explained, <quote>Being open has only made "
+"Wikipedia bigger and stronger. The desire to protect is not always what is "
+"best for everyone.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9345
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-"
+"mistakes/\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7367
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9333
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
"in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a "
"million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes "
"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. "
-"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of "
-"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English "
-"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles "
-"more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of Wikipedia users "
-"are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to "
-"Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate financially,” "
-"Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
+"<quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of "
+"motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the "
+"English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in "
+"articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing "
+"is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, "
+"some donate images, some donate financially,</quote> Stephen told us. "
+"<quote>They are all contributors.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7375
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9352
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
-"donations, with about \\$15 as the average. Because Wikipedia is one of the "
+"donations, with about $15 as the average. Because Wikipedia is one of the "
"ten most popular websites in terms of total page views, donations from a "
"small portion of that audience can translate into a lot of money. In the "
-"2015-16 fiscal year, they received more than \\$77 million from more than "
-"five million donors."
+"2015-16 fiscal year, they received more than $77 million from more than five "
+"million donors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9362
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
"Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7392
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
-"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
+"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
"realize this vision by empowering people around the globe to create "
"educational content made freely available under an open license or in the "
"public domain. Stephen and Luis said the mission, which is rooted in the "
"does."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9382
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
"instills trust in their community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9388
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
-"community together. “Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can motivate "
-"an entire movement,” Stephen told us."
+"community together. <quote>Wikipedia is an example of how a mission can "
+"motivate an entire movement,</quote> Stephen told us."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7408
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9395
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
-"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
-"is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,” Stephen "
-"said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
-msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
+"public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, "
+"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,</"
+"quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that open "
+"public space.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
-msgid "## Bibliography"
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9405
+msgid "Bibliography"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9407
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
"from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9413
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9421
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
-"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
+"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7431
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9425
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
-"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
-"org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
+"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url="
+"\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licensed under "
+"CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
-"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
-"models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC BY-SA)."
+"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/"
+"WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licensed under CC BY-SA)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7446
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9442
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
-"Collaborative, 2016. thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-"
-"paradigm/."
+"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-"
+"transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9448
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9452
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
"Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in "
"cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
-"bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf. For more "
-"information, see bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons."
+"<ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-"
+"pdf\"/>. For more information, see <ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/"
+"democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9462
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7463
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9466
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9470
msgid ""
-"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
+"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
-msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC "
+"BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7478
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9486
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9490
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
"(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, "
-"2014). www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-"
-"collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-"
-"urban-commons1.pdf."
+"2014). <ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-"
+"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-"
+"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497
msgid ""
-"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
-"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
-"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
+"Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the "
+"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, "
+"Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9502
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
-"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
+"Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9507
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9511
msgid ""
-"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
-"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
-"sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
+"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about "
+"Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink "
+"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/"
+">."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9517
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
-"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
-"of Regina Press, 2015. uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-Knowledge (licensed "
-"under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
+"of Regina Press, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-"
+"Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9524
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528
msgid ""
-"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
-"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
+"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in "
+"a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free "
+"Knowledge."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9533
msgid ""
-"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
-"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
-"articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
+"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten "
+"Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring "
+"2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/"
+"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9543
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
-"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
-"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
+"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, "
+"and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9553
msgid ""
-"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
+"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7530
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9557
msgid ""
-"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
-"Viking, 2013."
+"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New "
+"York: Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9561
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9565
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9570
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7543
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9574
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9578
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9582
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9586
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
-"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
-msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
+"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7557
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9591
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7560
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9595
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9599
msgid ""
-"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
+"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9603
msgid ""
-"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
-"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
+"Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the "
+"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/"
+"news/technology-35709680\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9616
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9620
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
-"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
-"www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
+"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9626
msgid ""
-"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
-"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
-"com/books/business-model-generation."
+"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, "
+"NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9632
msgid ""
-"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
+"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
-"book is available at strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design."
+"book is available at <ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-"
+"proposition-design\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9638
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9642
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
-"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. pro."
-"europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed under CC BY-"
-"SA)."
+"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink url="
+"\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> "
+"(licensed under CC BY-SA)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9650
msgid ""
-"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
-"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
-"\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
+"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www."
+"academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> (licensed "
+"under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606
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"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
-"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
-"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” www.catb.org/esr/writings/"
-"cathedral-bazaar/."
+"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
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"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
"Business, 2011."
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"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
-"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
+"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
"Macmillan, 2014."
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"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
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"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
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-"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
+"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
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"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
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"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
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"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
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-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
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"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
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-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
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"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
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+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9704
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"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
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-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
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msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
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-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
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"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
-"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
+"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
"Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
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-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
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"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
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"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
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-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
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-"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
+"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
"with Creative Commons Netherlands; Premsela, the Netherlands Institute for "
-"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. opendesignnow.org (licensed "
-"under CC BY-NC-SA)."
+"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink url=\"http://"
+"opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
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"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
-"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
-"get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url="
+"\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9739
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-"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
-"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink "
+"url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-"
+"NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
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"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
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-msgid "## Acknowledgments"
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msgstr ""
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"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
"this project."
msgstr ""
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"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
-"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
+"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
"the inspiration."
msgstr ""
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"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
"visit your sites and explore your work."
msgstr ""
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"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
"Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
msgstr ""
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"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
"Yancey Strickler"
msgstr ""
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-"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
+"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
"Taherivand, Adam Croom, Adam Finer, Adam Hansen, Adam Morris, Adam Procter, "
"Adam Quirk, Adam Rory Porter, Adam Simmons, Adam Tinworth, Adam Zimmerman, "
"Alexander Brunner, Alexander Eliesen, Alexander Hawson, Alexander Klar, "
"Alexander Neumann, Alexander Plaum, Alexander Wendland, Alexandre "
"Rafalovitch, Alexey Volkow, Alexi Wheeler, Alexis Sevault, Alfredo Louro, "
-"Ali Sternburg, Alicia Gibb & Lunchbox Electronics, Alison Link, Alison "
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"Callaghan, Allen Riddell, Allison Breland Crotwell, Allison Jane Smith, "
"Álvaro Justen, Amanda Palmer, Amanda Wetherhold, Amit Bagree, Amit Tikare, "
"Woods, Angela Brett, Angeliki Kapoglou, Angus Keenan, Anne-Marie Scott, "
"Antero Garcia, Antoine Authier, Antoine Michard, Anton Kurkin, Anton "
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"Hartzheim, Austin Tolentino, Avner Shanan, Axel Pettersson, Axel "
"Carolyn Rude, Carrie Cousins, Carrie Watkins, Casey Hunt, Casey Milford, "
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-"Charles Carstensen, Charles Chi Thoi Le, Charles Kobbe, Charles S. Tritt, "
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"Charles Stanhope, Charlotte Ong-Wisener, Chealsye Bowley, Chelle Destefano, "
"Chenpang Chou, Cheryl Corte, Cheryl Todd, Chip Dickerson, Chip McIntosh, "
"Chris Bannister, Chris Betcher, Chris Coleman, Chris Conway, Chris Foote "
"Eriksson, David Gallagher, David H. Bronke, David Hartley, David Hellam, "
"David Hood, David Hunter, David jlaietta, David Lewis, David Mason, David "
"Mcconville, David Mikula, David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David "
-"Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah "
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"Nas, Denis Jean, dennis straub, Dennis Whittle, Denver Gingerich, Derek "
"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane K. "
"Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La Cruz, "
"Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom "
"Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, "
"Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, "
-"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew "
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"Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon "
"Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo "
"Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar "
"Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George "
"Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, "
"Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, "
-"Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, Glenn Otis Brown, Global Lives "
+"Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, Glenn Otis Brown, Global Lives "
"Project, Gorm Lai, Govindarajan Umakanthan, Graham Bird, Graham Freeman, "
"Graham Heath, Graham Jones, Graham Smith-Gordon, Graham Vowles, Greg "
"Brodsky, Greg Malone, Grégoire Detrez, Gregory Chevalley, Gregory Flynn, "
"Newman, Judy Tuan, Jukka Hellén, Julia Benson-Slaughter, Julia Devonshire, "
"Julian Fietkau, Julie Harboe, Julien Brossoit, Julien Leroy, Juliet Chen, "
"Julio Terra, Julius Mikkelä, Justin Christian, Justin Grimes, Justin Jones, "
-"Justin Szlasa, Justin Walsh, JustinChung.com, K. J. Przybylski, Kaloyan "
+"Justin Szlasa, Justin Walsh, JustinChung.com, K. J. Przybylski, Kaloyan "
"Raev, Kamil Śliwowski, Kaniska Padhi, Kara Malenfant, Kara Monroe, Karen Pe, "
"Karl Jahn, Karl Jonsson, Karl Nelson, Kasia Zygmuntowicz, Kat Lim, Kate "
"Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kathleen Beck, Kathleen Hanrahan, Kathryn Abuzzahab, "
"Chelen, Mike Habicher, Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike "
"Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike "
"Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi "
-"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko “Macro” Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell "
-"Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, "
-"Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk "
-"Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee "
-"Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan "
-"Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele "
-"Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas "
-"Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick "
-"Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky "
-"Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole Hickman, Niek "
-"Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, Nikola Chernev, "
-"Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-Fein, Noah "
-"Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, Ohad Mayblum, "
-"Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle Ahnve, Omar "
-"Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, Pablo López "
-"Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, "
-"Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat "
-"Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, "
-"Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick "
-"McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik "
-"Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, "
-"Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul "
-"Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström "
-"Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry "
-"Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, "
-"Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter "
-"O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr "
-"Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip "
+"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko <quote>Macro</quote> Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, "
+"Mitchell Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan "
+"Loomis, Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, "
+"MD, Myk Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, "
+"Nah Wee Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, "
+"Nathan Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, "
+"Nele Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, "
+"Nicholas Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick "
+"Bell, Nick Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay "
+"Vedernikov, Nicky Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole "
+"Hickman, Niek Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, "
+"Nikola Chernev, Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-"
+"Fein, Noah Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, "
+"Ohad Mayblum, Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle "
+"Ahnve, Omar Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, "
+"Pablo López Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp "
+"István Péter, Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat "
+"Hawks, Pat Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia "
+"Wolf, Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, "
+"Patrick McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, "
+"Patrik Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul "
+"Bailey, Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul "
+"Jacobson, Paul Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, "
+"Peeter Sällström Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per "
+"Åström, Perry Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter "
+"Jenkins, Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, "
+"Peter O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, "
+"Petr Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip "
"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, "
"Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, "
"Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, "
"Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, Randy Brians, Raphaël Alexandre, Raphaël "
"Schröder, Rasmus Jensen, Rayn Drahps, Rayna Stamboliyska, Rebecca Godar, "
"Rebecca Lendl, Rebecca Weir, Regina Tschud, Remi Dino, Ric Herrero, Rich "
-"McCue, Richard “TalkToMeGuy” Olson, Richard Best, Richard Blumberg, Richard "
-"Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, Richard Littauer, "
-"Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik ToeWater, Rita Lewis, "
-"Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, Rob Bertholf, Rob "
-"Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob Utter, Rob Vincent, "
-"Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert Lawlis, Robert McDonald, "
-"Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-"
-"Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, "
-"Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, Roger Saner, Roger So, "
-"Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and Mari von Walthausen, "
-"Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald Bissell, Ronald van den "
-"Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, Ross Pruden, Ross "
-"Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert Hitzenberger, Rusi "
-"Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, Ruth Ann "
-"Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, Ryan Sasaki, "
-"Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin Kenaid, Salomon "
-"Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-Jayne Chapman, "
-"Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, Samuel Goëta, Samuel "
-"Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, Samuel Tait, Sandra "
-"Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay "
-"Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara Rodriguez Marin, "
-"Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah McGovern, Sarah "
-"Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott "
-"Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott "
-"Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean "
-"Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian "
-"Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, "
-"Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio "
-"Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon "
-"Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby "
+"McCue, Richard <quote>TalkToMeGuy</quote> Olson, Richard Best, Richard "
+"Blumberg, Richard Fannon, Richard Heying, Richard Karnesky, Richard Kelly, "
+"Richard Littauer, Richard Sobey, Richard White, Richard Winchell, Rik "
+"ToeWater, Rita Lewis, Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, "
+"Rob Bertholf, Rob Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob "
+"Utter, Rob Vincent, Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert "
+"Lawlis, Robert McDonald, Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. "
+"Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto "
+"Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, "
+"Roger Saner, Roger So, Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and "
+"Mari von Walthausen, Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald "
+"Bissell, Ronald van den Hoff, Ronda Snow, Rory Landon Aronson, Ross Findlay, "
+"Ross Pruden, Ross Williams, Rowan Skewes, Roy Ivy III, Ruben Flores, Rupert "
+"Hitzenberger, Rusi Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute "
+"Correia, Ruth Ann Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan "
+"Price, Ryan Sasaki, Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin "
+"Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-"
+"Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, "
+"Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, "
+"Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-"
+"Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara "
+"Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah "
+"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, "
+"Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, "
+"Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, "
+"Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter "
+"Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian "
+"Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, "
+"Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, "
+"Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby "
"Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, "
"Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, "
"Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, "
"Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, "
"Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, "
"Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, "
-"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, "
+"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, "
"Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie "
"Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia "
"Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya "
"ZeMarmot Open Movie"
msgstr ""
+#, fuzzy
+#~| msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#~ msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#~ msgstr "door Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+
+#~ msgid "Made With Creative Commons"
+#~ msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons"
+
+#~ msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
+#~ msgstr "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
+
+#~ msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
+#~ msgstr "Omslag en intern ontwerp door Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
+
+#~ msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma"
+#~ msgstr "Inhoudsbewerking door Grace Yaginuma"
+
+#~ msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books"
+#~ msgstr "Ctrl+Alt+Delete boeken"
+
+#~ msgid "Husumgade 10, 5."
+#~ msgstr "Husumgade 10, 5."
+
+#~ msgid "2200 Copenhagen N"
+#~ msgstr "2200 Kopenhagen N"
+
+#~ msgid "Denmark"
+#~ msgstr "Denemarken"
+
+#~ msgid "www.cadb.dk"
+#~ msgstr "www.cadb.dk"
+
+#~ msgid "hey@cadb.dk"
+#~ msgstr "hey@cadb.dk"
+
+#~ msgid "Printer:"
+#~ msgstr "Drukker:"
+
+#~ msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
+#~ msgstr "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
+
+#~ msgid "88-100 Inowrocław,"
+#~ msgstr "88-100 Inowrocław,"
+
+#~ msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
+#~ msgstr "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
+
+#~ msgid "Poland"
+#~ msgstr "Polen"
+
+#~ msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
+#~ msgstr "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#~ msgstr "Paul Stacey en Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+
#~ msgid "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Made"
#~ msgstr "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Gemaakt"
projects / text-madewithcc.git / blobdiff