msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-12-09 16:55+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-10-26 22:28+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-05-18 20:41+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Alesker Abdullayev <tech@abdullaeff.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Azerbaijani <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/"
msgid "en"
msgstr "az"
-#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:41
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5
msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr "Creative Commons ilə hazırlanmışdır"
msgid "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México"
msgstr "Meksika Milli Muxtar Universiteti"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:28 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:56
+#. type: Content of: <book><
bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:28
msgid ""
"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
"by-sa/4.0/\" />"
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:42
-msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:41
+msgid "Made with Creative Commons by Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:43
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:42
msgid "© 2017 by the Creative Commons Foundation."
msgstr "© 2017 Creative Commons Fondu tərəfindən."
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:44
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:43
msgid ""
-"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC "
-"BY-SA), version 4.0."
+"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-"
+"SA), version 4.0."
msgstr ""
"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike lisenziyası (CC BY-SA), versiya 4.0 "
"altında yayımlanıb."
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:46
-msgid ""
-"ISBN: YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (PDF), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (ePub), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED "
-"(Paperback)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:45
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
+#| "copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
+#| "purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit, "
+#| "provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you "
+#| "remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your "
+#| "contributions under the same license as the original. License details: "
+#| "<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/\"/>"
+msgid ""
+"The license means that you can copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and "
+"build upon the content for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you "
+"give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if "
+"changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you "
+"must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. "
+"License details: <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
+"\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Bu kitab CC BY-SA lisenziyası altında yayımlanır, bu da istədiyiniz məqsəd "
+"üçün məzmunu kopyala, yenidən paylaya, yenidən qura, dəyişdirə və inşa edə "
+"bilərsiniz, hətta ticari olaraq da, lazımi kredit verdiyiniz təqdirdə bir "
+"link təmin edə bilərsiniz. lisenziyanı verin və dəyişikliklərin olub "
+"olmadığını göstərin. Materialı düzəltmisinizsə, dəyişdirirsinizsə və ya "
+"qurursanız, töhfələrinizi orijinalla eyni lisenziyaya əsasən paylamalısınız. "
+"Lisenziya təfərrüatları: <ulink url = \"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/"
+"by-sa/4.0/\" />"
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:48
-msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:52
+msgid ""
+"Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Bryan Mathers-in şəkilləri, <ulink url = \"https://bryanmmathers.com/\" />."
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:50
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:54
msgid "Publisher: Gunnar Wolf."
msgstr "Naşir: Gunnar Wolf."
#. space for information about translators
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:52
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:56
msgid " "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:54
-msgid "Downloadable e-book available at <ulink url=\"https://madewith.cc/\"/>."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:58
+msgid ""
+"Made With Creative Commons was originally published with the kind support of "
+"Creative Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter."
+"com platform."
msgstr ""
-"Yüklənə bilən elektron kitab üçün <ulink url = \"https://madewith.cc/\" />."
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:63
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:61
msgid ""
-"Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative "
-"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
-"platform."
+"This edition of the book is maintained on <ulink url=\"https://gitlab.com/"
+"gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/>, and the translations are maintained on <ulink "
+"url=\"https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/\"/>. If you find any "
+"error in the book, please let us know."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:66
msgid ""
-"This edition of the book is maintained on <ulink "
-"url=\"https://gitlab.com/gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/>, and the translations "
-"are maintained on <ulink "
-"url=\"https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/\"/>. If you find any "
-"error in the book, please let us know via Gitlab or Weblate."
+"ISBN: YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (PDF), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (ePub), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED "
+"(Paperback)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:72
-msgid "Classifications:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:69
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Downloadable e-book available at <ulink url=\"https://madewith.cc/\"/>."
+msgid "<ulink url=\"https://madewith.cc/\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Yüklənə bilən elektron kitab üçün <ulink url = \"https://madewith.cc/\" />."
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:75
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:72
msgid "(Dewey) 346.048, 347.78"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:78
-msgid "(UDK) ?"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:81
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:75
msgid "(US Library of Congress) Z286 O63 S73 2017"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:84
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:78
msgid "(Melvil) 025.523"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:87
-msgid "(ACM CRCS) ?"
+#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><attribution>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:84
+msgid "David Foster Wallace"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:93
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:85
msgid ""
"I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
-"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
-"lives."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><attribution>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:99
-msgid "David Foster Wallace"
+"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily lives."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:103
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:94
msgid "Foreword"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:96
msgid ""
"Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met "
"with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of "
"CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as "
"a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in "
"defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called "
-"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red "
-"herring.</quote>"
+"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red herring.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:114
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:105
msgid ""
"He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative "
"Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: "
"<quote>Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their "
-"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to "
-"profit. Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>"
+"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. "
+"Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:122
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:113
msgid ""
"In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s "
"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: <quote>Entering the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:130
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:121
msgid ""
"Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost "
"nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:139
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:130
msgid ""
"So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to "
"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:137
msgid ""
"Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by "
"collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:146
msgid ""
"Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation "
"overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:155
msgid ""
"Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of "
"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
"so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, "
"she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her "
"sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative Commons to focus on our "
-"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, "
-"detail-oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating "
-"more."
+"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-"
+"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:167
msgid ""
"As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They "
"researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:178
msgid ""
"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
-"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC "
-"BY-SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
+"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC BY-"
+"SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
"itself, an example of an open business model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:195
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:186
msgid ""
"For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a "
"Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:195
msgid ""
"Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, "
"drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:214
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:205
msgid ""
"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
"part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:211
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
"reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:220
msgid ""
"Sarah writes, <quote>Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive "
"when community is built around what they do. This may mean a community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:234
msgid ""
"This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a "
"roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:244
msgid ""
-"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of "
-"Cyberspace</quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a "
-"place. People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they "
+"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of Cyberspace</"
+"quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a place. "
+"People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they "
"experience in real space, there. For some, they experience more. They "
"experience this not as isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer "
"game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:254
msgid ""
"I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for "
"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:262
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:275
-msgid "<attribution>Ryan Merkley</attribution>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><attribution>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:265
+msgid "Ryan Merkley,"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:278
-msgid "<attribution>CEO, Creative Commons</attribution>"
-msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><attribution>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:265
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
+msgid "CEO, Creative Commons"
+msgstr "Creative Commons ilə hazırlanmışdır"
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:270
msgid "Introduction"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:272
msgid ""
"This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a "
"twist."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:276
msgid ""
"We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and "
"businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:288
msgid ""
"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
-"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral "
-"way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and "
-"wrote up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the "
-"literature."
+"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral way—"
+"what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote "
+"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:296
msgid ""
"But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way "
"of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:301
msgid ""
"Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and "
"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:322
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:309
msgid ""
"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
-"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something "
-"different. Something that generates not just economic value but social and "
-"cultural value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with "
-"Creative Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>"
+"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. "
+"Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural "
+"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative "
+"Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:317
msgid ""
"We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen "
"overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:339
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:326
msgid ""
"Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of "
"understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:336
msgid ""
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
-"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main "
-"parts."
+"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:341
msgid ""
-"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by "
-"Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, "
-"describing the three ways society has managed resources and shared "
-"wealth—the commons, the market, and the state. He advocates for thinking "
-"beyond business and market terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing "
-"and enlarging the digital commons."
+"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. "
+"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the "
+"three ways society has managed resources and shared wealth—the commons, the "
+"market, and the state. He advocates for thinking beyond business and market "
+"terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital "
+"commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:362
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:349
msgid ""
"The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means "
"to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one "
"of human connections that make sharing truly meaningful. This section "
"outlines the ways the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed "
"bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their "
-"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they "
-"share."
+"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:359
msgid ""
"And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different "
"Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:366
msgid ""
"Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, "
"businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:385
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:372
msgid ""
"Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative "
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:377
msgid ""
"Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at "
"and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has "
"economy and world for the better."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:398
-msgid "<attribution>Paul and Sarah </attribution>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><attribution>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:384
+msgid "Paul and Sarah"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:389
msgid "The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:405
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:391
msgid "The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:393
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:417
-msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:397
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as <quote>the air and oceans, "
"the web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the "
"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the "
"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the "
"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are "
-"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and "
-"
calligraphy.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:409
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:424
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:432
msgid "Ibid., 15."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:420
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
-"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The creators, organizations, and businesses we "
+"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The creators, organizations, and businesses we "
"profile are all engaged with commoning. Their use of Creative Commons "
"involves them in the social practice of commoning, managing resources in a "
"collective manner with a community of users.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:452
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:439
msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:445
msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:441
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
-"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms "
-"
today.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms today."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:454
msgid "Ibid., 175."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:462
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:449
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
"state. The extent of engagement with market or state varies. Some operate "
-"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or "
-"state.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others are very much a part "
-"of the market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All "
-"operate as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the "
-"market or state."
+"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or state."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others are very much a part of the "
+"market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All operate "
+"as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the market or "
+"state."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:461
msgid ""
"Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1\"/> is a depiction of "
"how an enterprise can have varying levels of engagement with commons, state, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:465
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:489
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:476
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:485
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:505 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:499
msgid "Enterprise engagement with commons, state and market."
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:496
msgid "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:788
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:830
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:918
msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:505
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:516
msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:521
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the "
"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Governing Knowledge "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:518
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Her framework considered things like the "
"biophysical characteristics of common resources, the community’s actors and "
-"the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and "
-"outcomes. That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the "
-"commons, the market, and the state for this chapter."
+"the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and outcomes. "
+"That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the commons, "
+"the market, and the state for this chapter."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:534
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
"characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and "
"rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with "
-"outcomes of that use (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
-"linkend=\"fig-2\"/>)."
+"outcomes of that use (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend="
+"\"fig-2\"/>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:555 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:548
msgid "Four aspects of resource management"
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:545
msgid "Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:554
msgid "Characteristics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
-"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human "
-"produced. And—significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or "
-"digital, which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
+"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
+"significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, "
+"which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:563
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:574
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:584
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
"different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not "
-"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially "
-"scarce. Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and "
-"abundant."
+"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. "
+"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:592
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:603
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:613
msgid "People and processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:615
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:620
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:629
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:640
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:638
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:665
msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources."
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:662
msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:672
msgid "Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:680
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:688
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:700
msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
"defined by the community. They weigh individual costs and benefits against "
"the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not "
-"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and "
-"
sustainability.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:705
msgid "Goals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:707
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:719
msgid ""
"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a "
"Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the "
-"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl "
-"H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4."
+"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. "
+"Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:714
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we "
"pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:729
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:738
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:747
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:755
msgid "A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:757
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:766
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
-"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the "
-"commons. The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of "
-"the commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
+"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
+"The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of the "
+"commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
"history."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:777
msgid ""
"Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for "
"the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:773
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
"id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of "
"rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social "
"participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were "
-"managed and needs met. (Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
-"linkend=\"fig-4\"/> illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the "
-"market.)"
+"managed and needs met. (Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend="
+"\"fig-4\"/> illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:800 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:787
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:793
msgid "In preindustrialized society."
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790
msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802
msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806
msgid ""
"Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:812
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:799
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking "
"over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the "
"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, "
"<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges "
-"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the "
+"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the "
"state and the state became the primary means by which resources were "
"managed. (See Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-5\"/>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:828
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
-"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to "
-"cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources "
-"became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies "
-"evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money "
-"operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws "
-"were revised by governments to support markets, growth, and "
-"productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a "
-"rising standard of living, improved health, and education. Fig. <xref "
-"xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-6\"/> shows how today the market is "
-"the primary means by which resources are managed."
+"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
+"With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became "
+"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved "
+"into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating "
+"the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were "
+"revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over "
+"time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of "
+"living, improved health, and education. Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
+"linkend=\"fig-6\"/> shows how today the market is the primary means by which "
+"resources are managed."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:842 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:835
msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state."
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:832
msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:841
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay "
-"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in "
-"1968. Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal "
-"gain and will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are "
-"reached. The commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can "
-"no longer support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an "
-"economic truism and a justification for private property and free markets."
+"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. "
+"Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and "
+"will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The "
+"commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer "
+"support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism "
+"and a justification for private property and free markets."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:874
msgid ""
"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:857
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the "
"Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:881
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
-"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure "
-"self-interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom "
+"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
+"interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom "
"found, in reality, managing common resources together forms a community and "
"encourages discourse. This naturally generates norms and rules that help "
"people work collectively and ensure a sustainable commons. Paradoxically, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:910
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:897
msgid ""
"Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott "
"and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:893
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
"known about how abundance works.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
"The emergence of information technology and the Internet has led to an "
-"explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and "
-"distribution. Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a "
-"theory or model for how abundance works, however, has led the market to make "
-"digital resources artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual "
-"market norms and rules to be applied."
+"explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and distribution. "
+"Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a theory or model for "
+"how abundance works, however, has led the market to make digital resources "
+"artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual market norms and "
+"rules to be applied."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:922
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:916
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:923
msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today."
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:920
msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:930
msgid "The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:932
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:940
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:946
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:953
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:959
msgid ""
"<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free "
"Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:958
msgid ""
-"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to "
-"
others.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:968
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:983
msgid ""
"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November "
"22, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:985
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:998
msgid ""
"Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the "
"Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, "
-"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>."
+"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www."
+"catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:990
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1007
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
"participation in producing creative works and distributing them. Photos, "
"books, music, and many other forms of digital content could now be readily "
"created and distributed by almost anyone. Despite this potential for "
-"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright "
-"laws. Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by "
-"law others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
+"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright laws. "
+"Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by law "
+"others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
"permission."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1026
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1033
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1020
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1047
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1034
msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1036
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1056
msgid ""
"<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December "
-"30, 2016, <ulink "
-"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/\"/>."
+"30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-"
+"considerations/\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1045
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
-"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by "
-"lawyers. This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and "
-"users are not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the "
+"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
+"This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and users are "
+"not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the "
"permissions in plain language, which regular people can read and quickly "
"understand. It acts as a user-friendly interface to the legal-code layer "
"beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1064
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077
msgid ""
"Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1072
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
"committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, "
"participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social "
-"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative "
-"works. The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant "
-"benefits compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange "
-"in a commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
+"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. "
+"The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant benefits "
+"compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange in a "
+"commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
"software movement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1097
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110
msgid ""
"Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified "
-"September 24, 2016, <ulink "
-"url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership\"/>."
+"September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
+"Open_Government_Partnership\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1105
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1121
msgid "The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1129
msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1137
msgid "Ibid., 116."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1147
msgid ""
"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm "
-"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink "
-"url=\"http://sida.se/globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>"
+"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/"
+"globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1141
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1159
msgid ""
"City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory "
"for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, 2014), "
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>."
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-"
+"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-"
+"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1182
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1169
msgid ""
-"The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink "
-"url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/>; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to "
-"<ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>."
+"The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/"
+">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/"
+"amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1186
msgid ""
"Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR "
"Books, 2015), 42."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1189
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1176
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
"market, making them less like a commons and more like a traditional business "
"seeking financial gain. Much of the sharing economy is not about the commons "
"or building an alternative to a corporate-driven market economy; it’s about "
-"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our "
-"
lives.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> While none of the people we "
+"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our lives."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> While none of the people we "
"interviewed for our case studies would describe themselves as part of the "
"sharing economy, there are in fact some significant parallels. Both the "
"sharing economy and the commons make better use of asset capacity. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1208
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1211
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1198
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
"function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where "
-"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an "
-"anomaly. Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly "
-"increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital "
-"technologies are getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything "
-"built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to "
-"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-"
+"processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but "
+"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are "
+"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these "
+"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1214
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1233
msgid ""
"Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1228
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
"abundance rather than scarcity is so alien to the way we conceive of "
-"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Those that are Made with Creative Commons are "
-"each pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models "
-"and practice."
+"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Those that are Made with Creative Commons are each "
+"pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models and "
+"practice."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1241
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1255
msgid ""
"Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1264
msgid ""
"Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
-"Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), "
-"8–9."
+"Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1248
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1276
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
-"John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>."
+"John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url="
+"\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1269
msgid ""
"<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this "
"book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model "
-"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model "
-"is. Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving "
-"470 coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for "
-"
talking about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model is. "
+"Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving 470 "
+"coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking "
+"about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1286
msgid ""
-"This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>."
+"This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://"
+"strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1294
msgid ""
"We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the "
-"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. "
-"You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at "
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>."
+"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google."
+"com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You "
+"can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/"
+"d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1283
msgid ""
"It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a "
"business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
"own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open "
"business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid "
"market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and "
-"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits "
-"in.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas "
-"proved useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their "
-"economic model."
+"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits in.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved "
+"useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their economic "
+"model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1304
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
-"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the "
-"commons-to-market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a "
-"business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources "
-"and commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or "
-"depicting what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with "
-"Creative Commons use business speak; for some the process has been "
-"experimental, emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a "
-"predefined model."
+"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-"
+"market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business "
+"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons "
+"values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting "
+"what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative "
+"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, "
+"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1339
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1326
msgid ""
"A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I "
"wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and "
-"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>."
+"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
+"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-"
+"can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1317
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
"but physical for a fee,</quote> crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add "
"services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how "
"to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see "
-"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised "
-"ways that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying "
-"revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability."
+"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways "
+"that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue "
+"streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1338
msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1340
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1346
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1355
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
-"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before "
-"access. The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front "
-"without payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no "
-"use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM "
-"frees them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to "
-"engage in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way "
-"the commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and "
-"promotes inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
+"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
+"The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without "
+"payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of "
+"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees "
+"them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage "
+"in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the "
+"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes "
+"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1368
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1390
msgid ""
"Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and "
-"Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), "
-"31–44."
+"Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–"
+"44."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1394
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1381
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
"original creator. Some endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons "
"deliberately encourage users to take the resources being shared and innovate "
"them. Doing so moves research and development (R&D) from being solely "
-"inside the organization to being in the community.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Community-based innovation will keep an "
-"organization or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new "
-"ideas, absorb and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the "
-"resources and the relationship with the community."
+"inside the organization to being in the community.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Community-based innovation will keep an organization "
+"or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new ideas, absorb "
+"and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the resources and "
+"the relationship with the community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1399
msgid ""
-"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is "
-"global. Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go "
-"far and wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no "
-"borders between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are "
-"often local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally "
+"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
+"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
+"wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no borders "
+"between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are often "
+"local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally "
"distributed but made and manufactured locally. Digital books or music being "
"globally distributed but readings and concerts performed locally. The "
"digital commons magnifies impact by connecting creators to those who use and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1412
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1426
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1441
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1448
msgid "Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1450
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1462
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1470
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1480
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1488
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1495
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
"we heard in our interviews how success and sustainability are tied to a set "
"of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more "
"than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are "
-"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are "
-"monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop "
-"trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be "
-"transparent. Defend the commons."
+"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. "
+"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; "
+"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the "
+"commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1517
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1528
msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1530
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1534
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
"others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative "
"work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these "
"endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a "
-"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of "
-"it."
+"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1550
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1560
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1565
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
"were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want "
-"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could "
-"replicate. What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to "
-"write a book about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business "
-"lens."
+"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. "
+"What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book "
+"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1578
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1574
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, "
-"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value "
-"always felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we "
-"heard time and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in "
-"our interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it "
-"to mean.</quote>"
+"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+"> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always "
+"felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time "
+"and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our "
+"interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it to "
+"mean.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1602
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1590
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1597
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1607
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1619
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1627
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1641
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1653
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1666
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1661
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, <quote>Creators usually "
-"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that "
+"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that "
"dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it "
"is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich "
"and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1690
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1678
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1688
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1698
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1703
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1720
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1729
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
-"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially "
-"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The costs to distribute "
-"physical copies are still significant, but lower than they have been "
-"historically. And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical "
-"copies on-demand, which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there "
-"can be a whole host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, "
-"and even expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like "
-"touring or custom training."
+"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The costs to distribute physical "
+"copies are still significant, but lower than they have been historically. "
+"And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical copies on-demand, "
+"which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there can be a whole "
+"host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, and even "
+"expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like touring "
+"or custom training."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1754
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
"never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is "
"your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the "
"assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds "
-"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs "
+"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs "
"associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work "
"themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a "
"lot more modest."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1761
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1774
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1782
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1799
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1787
msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1809
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, "
"<quote>It has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people "
-"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at "
-"all.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic "
-"to finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to "
-"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian "
-"value. In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by "
-"shelf space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need "
+"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at all.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to "
+"finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to "
+"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. "
+"In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf "
+"space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need "
"imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where "
"consumption becomes less about mainstream mass <quote>hits</quote> and more "
"about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, <quote>We "
"are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has "
-"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did "
-"not.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer "
-"limited to what appeals to the masses."
+"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did not.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to "
+"what appeals to the masses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1823
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1842
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1830
msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1847
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1835
msgid ""
"Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016), 10."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1815
msgid ""
"While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than "
"in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to "
"actually get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only "
"grows larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you "
"competing for attention against more content creators than ever before, you "
-"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as "
-"
well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The "
+"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as well."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The "
"greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend "
-"consuming amateur content instead of professional "
-"content.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, "
-"you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, "
-"family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the "
-"town.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, "
-"you have to get noticed by the right people."
+"consuming amateur content instead of professional content.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have "
+"to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, family, "
+"music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by "
+"the right people."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1849
msgid "Anderson, Free, 62."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1841
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1863
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1859
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is "
-"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic "
-"
success.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1879
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1867
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1885
msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1878
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
"work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it "
"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, <quote>Our natural human impulses "
-"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been "
-"
criminalized.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1889
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1910
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1898
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1930
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1918
msgid "Anderson, Free, 86."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1914
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
-"potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you "
-"start thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to "
-"your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, "
-"<quote>Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>"
+"potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+"> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start "
+"thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your "
+"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, <quote>Using CC "
+"licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1929
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1926
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
-"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in "
-"return.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Similarly, the makers of "
-"the Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their "
+"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Similarly, the makers of the "
+"Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their "
"hardware, so they decided not to even try and instead look for the benefits "
"of being open. For them, the result is one of the most ubiquitous pieces of "
"hardware in the world, with a thriving online community of tinkerers and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1951
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1939
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1943
msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1945
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1969
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
-"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are "
-"CC-licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This "
+"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
+"licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This "
"proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to "
"their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1974
msgid "Anderson, Free, 123."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1978
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1966
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: <quote>Take whatever it is you "
"are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of "
"saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might "
-"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their "
+"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their "
"products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to "
"making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in "
"cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988
msgid "Ibid., 132."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1993
msgid "Ibid., 70."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1995
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1983
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
-"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon "
-"effect. The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following "
-"your work spurs others to want to do the same.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in "
-"herd behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a "
-"partial indicator of quality or usefulness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"1\"/>"
+"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
+"The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work "
+"spurs others to want to do the same.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+"> This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in herd "
+"behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a partial "
+"indicator of quality or usefulness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1998
msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012
msgid ""
-"James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), "
-"124. Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is "
-"how rarely they are invoked.</quote>"
+"James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. "
+"Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how "
+"rarely they are invoked.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2000
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
-"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the "
-"material. CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public "
-"domain, does not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities "
-"still give credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, "
-"it is social norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most "
-"often motivate people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the "
-"CC license terms anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, "
-"within both the marketplace and the society at large.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part "
-"of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people are naturally "
-"inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case for something "
-"as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of fairness as "
-"providing credit."
+"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
+"CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public domain, does "
+"not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities still give "
+"credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, it is social "
+"norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate "
+"people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms "
+"anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the "
+"marketplace and the society at large.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+"> CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the "
+"vast majority of circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow "
+"those wishes. This is particularly the case for something as straightforward "
+"and consistent with basic notions of fairness as providing credit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2023
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
"a brand. The drive to associate your name with your work is not just based "
"on commercial motivations, it is fundamental to authorship. Knowledge "
-"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of "
-"CC-licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around "
-"the United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons "
+"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of CC-"
+"licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around the "
+"United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons "
"license on the works has a huge value to authors because reputation is the "
"most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having "
"the most people see and cite your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2037
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2064
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2052
msgid ""
-"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its "
-"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to "
-"identify the source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing "
-"the author of a work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a "
-"time when online discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted "
-"information source is more valuable than ever."
+"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
+"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
+"source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing the author of a "
+"work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a time when online "
+"discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source "
+"is more valuable than ever."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2062
msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2064
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2086
msgid "Anderson, Free, 44."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2073
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
"most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of "
"catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical "
"goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more "
-"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the "
-"radio. Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), "
-"free music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version "
-"people bought in music stores.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Free "
-"can be a form of promotion."
+"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. "
+"Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free "
+"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people "
+"bought in music stores.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Free can be "
+"a form of promotion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2090
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2107
msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2110
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2124
msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2129
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2117
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
"wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, "
"transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, "
-"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the "
-"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Adaptation is more game "
-"changing in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the "
-"ability to customize and update the content is critically important for its "
-"usefulness. For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important."
+"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the public."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Adaptation is more game changing "
+"in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the ability to "
+"customize and update the content is critically important for its usefulness. "
+"For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2149
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2137
msgid "Anderson, Free, 67."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2154
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2142
msgid "Ibid., 58."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2145
msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2150
msgid ""
"Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2144
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2132
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People "
"they don’t think as much about how they consume them.</quote><placeholder "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one "
"penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the "
-"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products "
-"they had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we "
-"know that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type "
-"of creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something "
+"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products they "
+"had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we know "
+"that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of "
+"creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something "
"created by someone else.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2175
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2163
msgid "Ibid., 21."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2156
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
-"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their "
-"social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive "
-"Surplus, Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your "
-"presence matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your "
-"response is part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied "
-"to your work."
+"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
+"media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, "
+"Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your presence "
+"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is "
+"part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening "
+"the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2169
msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2178
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2171
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons means you can "
"function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased "
"openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they "
-"specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers "
-"cannot. <quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent "
-"rules,</quote> David said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>"
+"specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. "
+"<quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,</quote> David "
+"said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2202
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190
msgid "Making Money"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2200
msgid ""
"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten "
"Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring "
-"2009, <ulink "
-"url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>."
+"2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/"
+"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2192
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
-"have to generate some type of value for their audience or "
-"customers. Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not "
-"actually beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic "
-"institutions, governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the "
-"organization out of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional "
-"nonprofit funding operates.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But in "
-"many cases, the revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with "
-"Creative Commons are directly tied to the value they generate, where the "
-"recipient is paying for the value they receive like any standard market "
-"transaction. In still other cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of "
-"money for value that typically drives market transactions, the recipient "
-"gives money out of a sense of reciprocity."
+"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
+"Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not actually "
+"beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic institutions, "
+"governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the organization out "
+"of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional nonprofit funding "
+"operates.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But in many cases, the "
+"revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons are "
+"directly tied to the value they generate, where the recipient is paying for "
+"the value they receive like any standard market transaction. In still other "
+"cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of money for value that "
+"typically drives market transactions, the recipient gives money out of a "
+"sense of reciprocity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2221
msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2213
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
"funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are "
"particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) "
"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, <quote>The trick is in knowing when "
-"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are "
-"
not.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not."
+"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2225
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2234
msgid "Market-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2239
msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246
msgid ""
"Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance "
"(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2236
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
"id=\"0\"/> By definition, if you are Made with Creative Commons, the content "
"you provide is available for free and not a market commodity. Like the "
"ubiquitous freemium business model, any possible market transaction with a "
-"consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you "
-"
provide.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you provide."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2274
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2262
msgid "Anderson, Free, 71."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2252
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2281
msgid "Ibid., 231."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2271
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
"creates a new scarcity,</quote> he wrote. You just have to find some way "
"other than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As "
"Anderson says, <quote>It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something "
-"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2285
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2294
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2313
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2301
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2305
msgid ""
-"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work "
-"<emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
+"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-"
+"BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2315
msgid "Ibid., 97."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2308
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, <quote>Commodity information "
"(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information "
-"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be "
-"expensive.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be "
-"anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by "
-"Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> "
-"Mann."
+"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything from "
+"the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the "
+"custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> Mann."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2335
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323
msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330
msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2326
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
-"and atoms refer to a physical object).<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> This is particularly successful in domains where the digital "
-"version of the content isn’t as valuable as the analog version, like book "
-"publishing where a significant subset of people still prefer reading "
-"something they can hold in their hands. Or in domains where the content "
-"isn’t useful until it is in physical form, like furniture designs. In those "
-"situations, a significant portion of consumers will pay for the convenience "
-"of having someone else put the physical version together for them. Some "
-"endeavors squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by using a Creative "
-"Commons license that only allows noncommercial uses, which means no one else "
-"can sell physical copies of their work in competition with them. This "
-"strategy of reserving commercial rights can be particularly important for "
-"items like books, where every printed copy of the same work is likely to be "
-"the same quality, so it is harder to differentiate one publishing service "
-"from another. On the other hand, for items like furniture or electronics, "
-"the provider of the physical goods can compete with other providers of the "
-"same works based on quality, service, or other traditional business "
-"principles."
+"and atoms refer to a physical object).<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> This is particularly successful in domains where the digital version "
+"of the content isn’t as valuable as the analog version, like book publishing "
+"where a significant subset of people still prefer reading something they can "
+"hold in their hands. Or in domains where the content isn’t useful until it "
+"is in physical form, like furniture designs. In those situations, a "
+"significant portion of consumers will pay for the convenience of having "
+"someone else put the physical version together for them. Some endeavors "
+"squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by using a Creative Commons "
+"license that only allows noncommercial uses, which means no one else can "
+"sell physical copies of their work in competition with them. This strategy "
+"of reserving commercial rights can be particularly important for items like "
+"books, where every printed copy of the same work is likely to be the same "
+"quality, so it is harder to differentiate one publishing service from "
+"another. On the other hand, for items like furniture or electronics, the "
+"provider of the physical goods can compete with other providers of the same "
+"works based on quality, service, or other traditional business principles."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2354
msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2357
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
"digital copy on your own. Far from acting as a substitute for face-to-face "
-"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the "
-"in-person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
+"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the in-"
+"person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
"original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2380
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368
msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2388
msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2378
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
"businesses are paying to access your main audience. The fact that the "
"content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the "
"offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a "
-"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided "
-"platforms.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Access to your audience "
-"isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services "
-"you can provide as well."
+"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Access to your audience isn’t the "
+"only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services you can "
+"provide as well."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2395
msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403
msgid "Ibid., 92."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407
msgid "Anderson, Free, 142."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2398
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
"reach the set of eyeballs the content creators provide in the form of their "
"audience.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Internet has made "
"this model more difficult because the number of potential channels available "
-"to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream "
-"for many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative "
-"Commons. Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser "
-"pays to be an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the "
-"overall endeavor."
+"to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for "
+"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. "
+"Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be "
+"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall "
+"endeavor."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2416
msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
-"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by "
-"others. The most well-known version of this model is the "
-"<quote>author-processing charge</quote> of open-access journals like those "
-"published by the Public Library of Science, but there are other "
-"variations. The Conversation is primarily funded by a university-membership "
-"model, where universities pay to have their faculties participate as writers "
-"of the content on the Conversation website."
+"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. "
+"The most well-known version of this model is the <quote>author-processing "
+"charge</quote> of open-access journals like those published by the Public "
+"Library of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is "
+"primarily funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to "
+"have their faculties participate as writers of the content on the "
+"Conversation website."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433
msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2438
msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2436
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
"Curation is an important element of this model. Platforms like the Noun "
-"Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a "
-"high-quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make "
+"Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a high-"
+"quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make "
"transactions with customers. Other platforms make money when service "
"providers transact with their customers; for example, Opendesk makes money "
"every time someone on their site pays a maker to make furniture based on one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2462
-msgid "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450
+msgid ""
+"Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2463
msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2466
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478
msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2487
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2500
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2510
msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514
msgid "Ibid., 134."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2508
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2519
msgid ""
-"Memberships and individual donations "
-"<emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>"
+"Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2538
msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2541
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
-"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open "
-"content. Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> "
-"something free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial "
-"contributions as an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact "
-"that we are naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the "
-"marketplace, even in situations where we could find a way to get it for "
-"free."
+"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. "
+"Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> something "
+"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as "
+"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are "
+"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, "
+"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2554
msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2557
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
"with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could simply "
"wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, for this "
-"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the "
-"work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of "
-"her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building "
-"her community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art "
-"of Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, "
-"ears are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection "
-"is sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks "
-"for something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience "
-"says, without hesitation: of course.</quote>"
+"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the work. "
+"They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her "
+"crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her "
+"community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of "
+"Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears "
+"are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is "
+"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for "
+"something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, "
+"without hesitation: of course.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2575
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
-"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major "
-"U.S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by "
+"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
+"S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by "
"definition, available to everyone for free. Libraries with bigger budgets "
"tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library community and "
"to the idea of open access generally."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2586
msgid "Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2588
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2605
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2613
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2630
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2618
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2623
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
"more than copyright permissions when they explained how sharing fit into "
"what they do. I was thinking about sharing too narrowly, and as a result, I "
-"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative "
-"Commons. Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright "
-"license in the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of "
-"what comes with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
+"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative Commons. "
+"Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright license in "
+"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes "
+"with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2634
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2648
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2667
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2655
msgid "Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2659
msgid ""
"Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2657
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2683
msgid ""
"Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2670
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2689
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda "
"Palmer says, <quote>When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t "
-"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing "
-"them.</quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like "
-"Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is "
-"just avoiding pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an "
-"image. People don’t just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate "
-"to it, at least not in a meaningful way."
+"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.</"
+"quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and "
+"that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding "
+"pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t "
+"just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not "
+"in a meaningful way."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2710
msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2702
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
"States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make "
"the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are "
-"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In "
-"business-speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> "
-"with the public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a "
-"gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
+"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-"
+"speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> with the "
+"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. "
+"You can’t fake being human."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716
msgid "Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2725
msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730
msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2718
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2739
msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2746
msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2734
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
-"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to "
-"lowest-common-denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of "
-"ideas that cultivates healthy collaboration.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving "
-"context and explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting "
-"feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through "
-"the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse "
-"than not inviting input in the first place.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"1\"/> But when you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity "
-"of thought that helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people "
-"involved and invested in what you do."
+"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
+"denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that "
+"cultivates healthy collaboration.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving context and "
+"explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting feedback and "
+"inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through the effort to "
+"actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse than not inviting "
+"input in the first place.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> But when "
+"you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that "
+"helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and "
+"invested in what you do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754
msgid "Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2758
msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2763
msgid "Ibid., 31."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2756
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any "
"relatively introspective human knows this is a fiction—we are much more "
-"complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and "
-"motivations. In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure "
-"fairness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative "
-"Commons requires an assumption that people will largely act on those social "
-"motivations, motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> "
-"in an economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is "
-"best to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is "
-"based on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There "
-"will always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors "
-"that are Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors."
+"complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and motivations. "
+"In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons requires an "
+"assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, "
+"motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> in an "
+"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is best "
+"to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based "
+"on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There will "
+"always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are "
+"Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2794
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2782
msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2788
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2776
msgid ""
-"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a "
-"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems "
-"that assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give "
-"them opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together "
-"better than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often "
-"motivated by something other than financial self-interest, we design our "
-"endeavors in ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts."
+"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
+"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that "
+"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
+"opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better "
+"than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated "
+"by something other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in "
+"ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2812
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2800
msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2789
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
"to make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for "
"any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers "
"and workers live up to their obligation.</quote> Instead, we largely trust "
-"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to "
-"
do.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do."
+"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2805
msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2810
msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2830
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2818
msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819
-msgid ""
-"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like "
-"fans. As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan "
-"first.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen "
-"to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off "
-"remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory "
-"Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. "
-"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate "
-"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she "
-"talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2807
+msgid ""
+"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
+"As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one "
+"of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering "
+"that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a "
+"point to answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends "
+"vast quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making "
+"a point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2833
msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2855
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2843
msgid "Ibid., 105."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2828
msgid ""
-"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in "
-"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too "
-"easy to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
+"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
+"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
+"to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
"customers or free labor.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Platforms "
"that rely on content from contributors are especially at risk of creating an "
"exploitative dynamic. It is important to find ways to acknowledge and pay "
"back the value that contributors generate. That does not mean you can solve "
-"this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or "
-"contributions. As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least "
-"when it takes a form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it "
-"can dramatically change the dynamic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"1\"/>"
+"this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or contributions. "
+"As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least when it takes a "
+"form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it can "
+"dramatically change the dynamic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2860
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2848
msgid "State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2850
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2874
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2877
msgid "Ibid., 36."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2885
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2873
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
-"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own "
-"self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It attracts "
-"committed employees, motivates contributors, and builds trust."
+"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own self-interest."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It attracts committed employees, "
+"motivates contributors, and builds trust."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2883
msgid "Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2891
msgid ""
"Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012), 36."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2885
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
"create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people "
-"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or "
-"beliefs.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> To a certain extent, "
-"simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some "
-"element of community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who "
-"recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC."
+"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> To a certain extent, simply being "
+"Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of "
+"community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and "
+"are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2907
msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914
msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2899
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
"like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the "
"CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, <quote>Tapping into "
"passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative "
-"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926
msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2930
msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2930
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2918
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s "
"difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not "
"in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the "
"group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), "
-"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona "
-"fides.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true "
-"community requires giving people within the community the power to create or "
-"influence the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"1\"/> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people "
-"feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement."
+"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community "
+"requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence "
+"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/"
+"> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel "
+"like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2936
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2942
msgid "Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2953
msgid ""
"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about "
"Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, "
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>."
+"<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-"
+"at-all\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2961
msgid ""
"Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with "
"new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2944
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
"defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the "
"Harvard Business Review website called <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t "
"about Sharing at All,</quote> authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi "
-"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most "
-"sharing-economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the "
+"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-"
+"economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the "
"primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple "
-"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing."
+"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
+"\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2977
msgid ""
"David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the "
-"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680\"/>."
+"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/"
+"news/technology-35709680\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2979
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2967
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
"about creating content; it can be about adding value in other ways. The "
"social blogging platform Medium provides value to its community by "
"incentivizing good behavior, and the result is an online space with "
-"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited "
-"trolling.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opendesk contributes to "
-"its community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by "
+"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited trolling."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opendesk contributes to its "
+"community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by "
"actively curating and displaying their work on its platform effectively."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2986
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2997
msgid "Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3002
msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3018
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3006
msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3025 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3077
msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2999
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
-"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of "
-"talent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But to make collaboration "
-"work, the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people "
-"within the group have to find satisfaction from being involved.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This is easier to facilitate for some types of "
+"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But to make collaboration work, "
+"the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people within the "
+"group have to find satisfaction from being involved.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This is easier to facilitate for some types of "
"creative work than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate "
"best when people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly "
"for larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple "
-"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
+"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3026
msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3029
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3017
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
"own are immensely valuable in the aggregate. Those same sorts of small "
"contributions would be less useful for many other types of creative work, "
"and people are inherently less motivated to contribute when it doesn’t "
-"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3038
msgid "Ibid., 154."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3062
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050
msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3030
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
-"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of "
-"circumstances—perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part "
-"of the equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, "
+"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—"
+"perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the "
+"equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, "
"<quote>Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur "
"sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
"The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3061
msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3080
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3068
msgid ""
"Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3066
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3054
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
"it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey "
"(of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance "
"mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an "
-"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"1\"/>"
+"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3085
msgid ""
"Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3074
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
"Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to "
"invite the public into what they do. The goal for any form of collaboration "
"is to move away from thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your "
-"content and transition them into active participants.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"content and transition them into active participants.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3094
msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3096
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
-"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the "
-"creator. There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that "
-"basic set of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only "
-"those basic permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial "
-"purposes) to the most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with "
-"the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator "
-"credit). The licenses are built on copyright and do not cover other types of "
-"rights that creators might have in their works, like patents or trademarks."
+"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. "
+"There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set "
+"of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic "
+"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the "
+"most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with the work, even for "
+"commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator credit). The licenses "
+"are built on copyright and do not cover other types of rights that creators "
+"might have in their works, like patents or trademarks."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3122
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3110
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3115
msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3139 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3167 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3180 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3193 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3213 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3213
msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3132
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3120
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
-"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses "
-"offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed "
-"materials."
+"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. "
+"Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3129
msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3134
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3145
msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3150
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157
msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3174
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170
msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3175
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3183
msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3188
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3203
msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3208
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215
msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3220
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3237
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
-"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and "
-"Attribution-ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with "
-"the other licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the "
-"public-domain tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both "
-"digital content and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the "
-"software code and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they "
-"amplify their involvement with and commitment to sharing."
+"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other "
+"licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain "
+"tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content "
+"and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the software code "
+"and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they amplify their "
+"involvement with and commitment to sharing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3236
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
"their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make "
"endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving "
"commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a "
-"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC "
-"BY-SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you "
-"apply an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film "
-"company to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length "
-"film, or prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
+"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-"
+"SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply "
+"an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film company "
+"to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length film, or "
+"prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3250
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
"NonCommercial and NoDerivs licenses are ways of reserving some significant "
-"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to "
-"creators. In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you "
-"bring in revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs "
-"license because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative "
-"jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial "
-"licenses were popular among their users because people still held out the "
-"dream of having a major record label discover their work."
+"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. "
+"In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in "
+"revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license "
+"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. "
+"The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were "
+"popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having "
+"a major record label discover their work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3275
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3263
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3270
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3294
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3285
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called "
-"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>."
+"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/"
+"share-your-work/\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3293
msgid "The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3296
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3306
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3326
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3314
msgid "Arduino"
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8182
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8961
+msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3320
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3325
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3327
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical "
"copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3335
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom "
"Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4199 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4635 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4877 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5160 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5470 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5983 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6237 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6559 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6911 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7455 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7739 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8209 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990
-msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
-msgstr ""
-
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3340
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3354
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3363
msgid ""
"<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> "
"Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3372
msgid ""
-"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design "
-"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work "
-"and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would "
-"outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about "
-"open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source "
-"product lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to "
-"trust a product.</quote>"
+"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
+"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
+"research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive "
+"the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open "
+"source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product "
+"lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a "
+"product.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3394
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3382
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3391
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3399
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3413
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3427
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3435
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
-"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still "
-"apply. David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things "
-"in an open-source way can only help you.</quote>"
+"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. "
+"David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things in an "
+"open-source way can only help you.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3455
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3443
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3455
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3475
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3466
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
"creating Internet of Things applications, wearables, and 3-D printing. The "
"full range of official Arduino products includes boards, modules (a smaller "
"form-factor of classic boards), shields (elements that can be plugged onto a "
-"board to give it extra features), and kits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"board to give it extra features), and kits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3478
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
"success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says "
-"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does "
-"matter—in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, "
-"the Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They "
+"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—"
+"in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, the "
+"Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They "
"started by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using "
"the platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was "
"meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3491
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3503
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
-"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their "
-"boards. Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect "
-"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial "
-"development. The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s "
-"revenue-generating model."
+"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. "
+"Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect "
+"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. "
+"The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-"
+"generating model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3525
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3513
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3534
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3522
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
"needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to not open up "
"certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the "
-"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is "
-"shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open "
-"sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled "
-"<quote>Send In the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, "
-"does a great job of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking "
-"their brand has played out, distinguishing between official boards and those "
-"that are clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. "
+"Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing "
+"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled <quote>Send In "
+"the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job "
+"of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has "
+"played out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are "
+"clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3537
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3545
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the "
"democratization of technology.</quote> Tom sees Arduino’s open-source "
"strategy as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be "
-"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should "
-"learn.</quote>"
+"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3553
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3559
msgid "Ártica"
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7979
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8729
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9199
+msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3565
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3570
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3572
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom "
"services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3575
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and "
"Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3781 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3977 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5772 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7223 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8007 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8535 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8757 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228
-msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr ""
-
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3582
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3588
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3591
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
-"to develop research and online education about rural-development "
-"issues. Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both "
-"were bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for "
-"arts and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology "
-"and online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched "
+"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
+"Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both were "
+"bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for arts "
+"and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology and "
+"online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched "
"Ártica, an online business that provides education and consulting for people "
"and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3616
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
"it an <quote>artisan</quote> process because of the time and effort it takes "
-"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and "
-"clients. <quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to "
-"his or her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell "
-"access to their content, they provide it for free and charge for the "
-"personalized services."
+"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. "
+"<quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or "
+"her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell access to "
+"their content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized "
+"services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3627
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3636
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3644
msgid ""
-"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific "
-"projects. Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project "
-"like a new course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in "
-"it. They take the stance that every new project leads them to something new, "
-"every new resource they create opens new doors."
+"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
+"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
+"course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in it. They take "
+"the stance that every new project leads them to something new, every new "
+"resource they create opens new doors."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3652
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
"to be viral,</quote> Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse "
"and remix their content is a fundamental value. <quote>How can you offer an "
"online educational service without giving permission to download, make and "
-"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge "
-"said. <quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in "
-"us to the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face "
-"contact—we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>"
+"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge said. "
+"<quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in us to "
+"the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—"
+"we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3668
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3688
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3676
msgid ""
-"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another "
-"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, "
-"they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find "
-"inspiration. <quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a "
-"conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge "
-"said. <quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another "
-"simple piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the "
-"future, like a course or a book.</quote>"
+"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
+"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
+"spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. "
+"<quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation "
+"between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge said. "
+"<quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple "
+"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, "
+"like a course or a book.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3687
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3697
msgid ""
-"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes "
-"more. <quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important "
-"to pay attention to people and process, rather than content or specific "
-"formats or materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content "
-"are fluid. The important thing is the relationships.</quote>"
+"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. "
+"<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay "
+"attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats or "
+"materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content are fluid. "
+"The important thing is the relationships.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3717
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3705
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3710
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good "
"content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is "
-"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural "
-"sector.</quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture "
-"(the movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) "
-"and work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other "
-"social-justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and "
-"enable artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all "
-"tied closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is "
-"a mission to democratize art and culture."
+"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.</"
+"quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture (the "
+"movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and "
+"work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other social-"
+"justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable "
+"artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied "
+"closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a "
+"mission to democratize art and culture."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3736
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3724
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human "
"resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3744
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3732
msgid ""
-"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge "
-"said. <quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is "
-"very specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal "
-"at every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them "
+"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. "
+"<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very "
+"specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at "
+"every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them "
"personal meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3740
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3761
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3749
msgid "Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3755
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3760
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3762
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3768
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, "
"production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3796
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3784
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3794
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3801
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3824
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3812
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3825
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
-"quickly because the community could make fixes and "
-"improvements. <quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> "
-"Francesco said. <quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the "
-"dark for ten years.</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and "
-"steward the software development and maintenance."
+"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. "
+"<quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> Francesco said. "
+"<quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years."
+"</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the "
+"software development and maintenance."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3834
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3844
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
"were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign "
"succeeded, people were astounded. <quote>The idea that making money was "
-"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to "
-"people,</quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to "
-"believe it.</quote></quote>"
+"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,</"
+"quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to believe "
+"it.</quote></quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3866
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3854
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3874
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3862
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
-"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on "
-"storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale "
-"because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized "
-"assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it "
-"needs to help on projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for "
-"film projects because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco "
-"said. <quote>So many people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire "
-"them because of budget constraints.</quote>"
+"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on storytelling. "
+"Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the "
+"number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but "
+"the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on "
+"projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects "
+"because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco said. <quote>So many "
+"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget "
+"constraints.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3875
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3884
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3905
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3893
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3920
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3908
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3915
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3924
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
-"the software and the content produced with the software free and "
-"open. Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
+"the software and the content produced with the software free and open. "
+"Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3931
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3953
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3941
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3957
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3945
msgid "Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3951
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3956
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3958
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical "
"copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3961
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3964
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3969
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
-"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a "
-"product. We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we "
-"make,</quote> Max said."
+"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. "
+"We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,</quote> Max "
+"said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
-"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or "
-"fill-in-the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit "
-"their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards "
-"are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right "
-"kind of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against "
+"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
+"the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their "
+"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are "
+"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind "
+"of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against "
"Humanity advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3985
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3993
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3999
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4007
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4024
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4012
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4025
msgid ""
-"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over "
-"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to "
-"make it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he "
-"said."
+"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
+"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
+"it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4031
msgid ""
-"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing "
-"genius. Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent "
-"and memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their "
+"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. "
+"Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and "
+"memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their "
"website <quote>Your dumb questions.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4037
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4062
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4050
msgid ""
"<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our "
"fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4056
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4075
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4063
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a "
-"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the "
-"joke.</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, "
-"where people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans "
-"wanted to make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 "
-"in a single day."
+"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke."
+"</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where "
+"people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to "
+"make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single "
+"day."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4083
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4071
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
"Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there "
"are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max "
"said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the "
-"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that "
-"line. <quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max "
-"said. <quote>If that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred "
-"times over because there are so many benefits.</quote>"
+"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. "
+"<quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max said. <quote>If "
+"that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over "
+"because there are so many benefits.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4096
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4084
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4092
msgid ""
"Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4099
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4125
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4113
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
"eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards "
"for the game. <quote>We have daylong arguments about commas,</quote> Max "
"said. <quote>The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that "
-"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and "
-"quibbling.</quote>"
+"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4124
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4135
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
"the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. <quote>We don’t make jokes "
-"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and "
-"games,</quote> he said."
+"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,</"
+"quote> he said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4154
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4142
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and "
"causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4151
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4158
msgid ""
-"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC "
-"licensing,</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of "
-"money, then CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, "
-"speaks to your values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>"
+"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,"
+"</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then "
+"CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your "
+"values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4166
msgid "The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
-"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the "
-"Internet. Founded in 2011 in Australia."
+"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
+"Founded in 2011 in Australia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4177
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4179
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content "
"creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195
-msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4186
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4191
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
"Australia. He experienced firsthand the decline of newspapers, including the "
-"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce "
-"costs. After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism "
-"didn’t go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative "
-"model."
+"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce costs. "
+"After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism didn’t "
+"go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4201
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4208
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
"astrophysicist, a Nobel laureate, earth scientists, economists . . . These "
"were the kind of smart people he wished were more involved in informing the "
-"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in "
-"media. However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, "
-"journalists didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what "
-"aspect of a story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was "
-"wrong or mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass "
-"audience. Scholars want to communicate serious news, findings, and "
-"insights. It’s not a perfect match. Universities are massive repositories of "
-"knowledge, research, wisdom, and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a "
-"wall of their own making—there are the walled garden and ivory tower "
-"metaphors, and in more literal terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, "
-"universities are part of society but disconnected from it. They are an "
-"enormous public resource but not that good at presenting their expertise to "
-"the wider public."
+"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in media. "
+"However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, journalists "
+"didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what aspect of a "
+"story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was wrong or "
+"mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass audience. Scholars want "
+"to communicate serious news, findings, and insights. It’s not a perfect "
+"match. Universities are massive repositories of knowledge, research, wisdom, "
+"and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a wall of their own making—"
+"there are the walled garden and ivory tower metaphors, and in more literal "
+"terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, universities are part of society but "
+"disconnected from it. They are an enormous public resource but not that good "
+"at presenting their expertise to the wider public."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4229
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
"captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is "
"academic into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key "
"difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a "
-"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is "
-"published. Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes "
-"and writing whatever they want."
+"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. "
+"Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing "
+"whatever they want."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4242
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4255
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
-"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative "
-"journalism. The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better "
-"understanding of current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better "
-"quality of public discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of "
-"trusted information dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is "
-"simple: to provide readers with a reliable source of evidence-based "
-"information."
+"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
+"The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better understanding of "
+"current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better quality of public "
+"discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of trusted information "
+"dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is simple: to provide "
+"readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4268
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4266
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4281
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
"others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the "
"content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites "
"have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 "
-"million unique views per month, but through republication they have "
-"thirty-five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the "
-"Creative Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central "
-"to everything the Conversation does."
+"million unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-"
+"five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative "
+"Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to "
+"everything the Conversation does."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4293
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4313
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4301
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4322
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4310
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4320
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4329
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
-"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and "
-"funders.</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding "
-"members,</quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board."
+"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and funders."
+"</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding members,</"
+"quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4337
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4347
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4355
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4360
msgid ""
"With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the "
"Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4369
msgid "Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4375
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4378
msgid ""
-"<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink "
-"url=\"http://boingboing.net\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net"
+"\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4381
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical "
"copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4385
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is "
"adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4411
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4399
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4404
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
"coeditor of the popular CC-licensed site Boing Boing, where he writes about "
"technology, politics, and intellectual property. He has also written several "
"nonfiction books, including the most recent Information Doesn’t Want to Be "
-"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet "
-"age."
+"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4415
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4420
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4437
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
"lottery tickets because you want to get rich,</quote> he wrote. <quote>It "
"might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always "
"wins the lottery.</quote> He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to "
-"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter "
-"what. <quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before "
-"I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself "
-"sane.</quote>"
+"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter what. "
+"<quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before I "
+"wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4451
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4461
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4471
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
"relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful "
"career as a writer,</quote> he said. <quote>At the time, it took eighty "
"hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time "
-"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to "
-"spread.</quote>"
+"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4484
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4492
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4500
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity "
"they interact with it,</quote> he said. Cory’s own website routinely "
"highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike "
"corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with "
-"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his "
-"audience. <quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you "
-"success,</quote> he said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to "
-"remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative "
-"industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty "
-"slim, so I should take all the help I can get.</quote>"
+"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. "
+"<quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,</quote> he "
+"said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and "
+"still being the most successful company in the creative industry in history. "
+"But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take "
+"all the help I can get.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4515
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4530
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4545
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
-"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the "
-"practice—for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a "
-"particular platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of "
-"control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He "
-"calls it Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something "
-"that belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for "
-"your benefit.</quote>"
+"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
+"for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular "
+"platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over "
+"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it "
+"Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something that "
+"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your "
+"benefit.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4568
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4556
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4567
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4578
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. <quote>If "
-"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he "
-"said. <quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to "
-"support ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. "
-"Future-proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to "
-"stay connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>"
+"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he said. "
+"<quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support "
+"ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-"
+"proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay "
+"connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4590
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4598
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602
msgid "Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4608
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4614
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4616
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid "
"services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4619
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4622
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
"research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of "
-"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and "
-"code—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
+"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code"
+"—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
"file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output "
"is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does "
"not allow."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4650
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4638
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4655
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4643
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4652
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4659
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4677
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4665
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4674
msgid ""
-"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and "
-"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative "
-"Commons. Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s "
-"dialogue with peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets "
-"and CC BY (Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
+"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
+"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
+"Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s dialogue with "
+"peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets and CC BY "
+"(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4694
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4682
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
-"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data "
-"open. People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the "
-"same. So he opened it up for them to use, too."
+"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
+"People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he "
+"opened it up for them to use, too."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4688
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4696
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4715
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4703
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4715
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4725
msgid ""
-"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for "
-"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ "
-"online articles. This additional data improved the quality of the "
-"articles. Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having "
-"to develop this functionality as part of their own "
-"infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the "
-"article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to "
-"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides "
-"research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including "
-"Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has "
-"convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for the data."
+"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
+"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
+"articles. This additional data improved the quality of the articles. "
+"Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop "
+"this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data "
+"also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-"
+"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and "
+"researchers. Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide "
+"variety of publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and "
+"Francis, to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons "
+"licenses for the data."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4739
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4761
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4749
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4759
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
"research accessible to all. Publishing research in this open way has come to "
"be called open access. But not all funders specify CC BY; some institutions "
"want to offer their researchers a choice, including less permissive licenses "
-"like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA "
-"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)."
+"like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA (Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4772
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4794
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4782
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4807
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4795
msgid ""
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/"
+"Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4798
msgid ""
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&"
+"inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4790
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
-"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other "
-"applications. As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the "
-"journal subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United "
-"Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into an app "
-"developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data into a "
-"visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of "
-"
the variables.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
+"As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal "
+"subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid "
+"to ten major publishers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Figshare’s "
+"API enables that data to be pulled into an app developed by a completely "
+"different researcher that converts the data into a visually interesting "
+"graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of the variables."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4801
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
"Figshare. To amplify and reward the community, Figshare established an "
-"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and "
-"T-shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave "
+"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and T-"
+"shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave "
"presentations outside of their area. These Advisors also helped Mark on what "
"license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option "
"of using Creative Commons licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4828
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4816
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4824
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4812
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
"time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of "
-"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If he had relied solely on revenue from premium "
+"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If he had relied solely on revenue from premium "
"subscriptions, he believes Figshare would have struggled. In Figshare’s "
-"early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career "
-"academics. It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that "
-"Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
+"early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career academics. "
+"It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that Figshare is "
+"now being used by the mainstream."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4823
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4843
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4831
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
"researchers for free. Figshare has publicly stuck to its principles—keeping "
-"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the "
-"start—and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark "
-"sees new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If "
-"Figshare was only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a "
-"free version. Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key "
-"differentiator. Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting "
-"open access to research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new "
-"discoveries."
+"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the start—"
+"and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark sees "
+"new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If Figshare was "
+"only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a free version. "
+"Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key differentiator. "
+"Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to "
+"research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4858
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4846
msgid "Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4852
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4866
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4857
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4859
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid "
"services to creators, donations, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4862
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873
-msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4870
msgid ""
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/"
+"NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4869
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
-"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace said there are thousands of "
-"valuable and relevant data sets freely available to us right now, but most "
-"people don’t use them. She used to think this meant people didn’t care about "
-"being informed, but she’s come to see that she was wrong. Almost everyone "
-"wants to be informed about issues that matter—not only to them, but also to "
-"their families, their communities, their businesses, and their country. But "
+"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace said there are thousands of valuable "
+"and relevant data sets freely available to us right now, but most people "
+"don’t use them. She used to think this meant people didn’t care about being "
+"informed, but she’s come to see that she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to "
+"be informed about issues that matter—not only to them, but also to their "
+"families, their communities, their businesses, and their country. But "
"there’s a big difference between availability and accessibility of "
"information. Data is spread across thousands of sites and is held within "
-"databases and spreadsheets that require both time and skill to engage "
-"with. To use data when making a decision, you have to know what specific "
-"question to ask, identify a source that has collected the data, and "
-"manipulate complex tools to extract and visualize the information within the "
-"data set. Lillian established Figure.NZ to make data truly accessible to "
-"all, with a specific focus on New Zealand."
+"databases and spreadsheets that require both time and skill to engage with. "
+"To use data when making a decision, you have to know what specific question "
+"to ask, identify a source that has collected the data, and manipulate "
+"complex tools to extract and visualize the information within the data set. "
+"Lillian established Figure.NZ to make data truly accessible to all, with a "
+"specific focus on New Zealand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4888
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4899
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4913
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4951
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4939
msgid ""
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/"
+"new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4930
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4958
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4946
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4971
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4959
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4978
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4984
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5012
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5000
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5031
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5019
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5026
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5014
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5022
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5022
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons "
"donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5040
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5028
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5046
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5056
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
"through email for them to share data for a specific topic—for example, can "
"you share data for water quality? If they have the data, they respond "
"quickly; if they don’t, they try and identify the organizations that would "
-"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on "
-"Figure.NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for "
-"people to be curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are "
-"interested in."
+"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on Figure."
+"NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for people to be "
+"curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5070
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. \"We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5092
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5080
msgid ""
"\"But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5086
msgid ""
"\"The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5092
msgid ""
"\"Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5103
msgid ""
"\"Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5122
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5110
msgid ""
"<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people "
"analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
"society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making "
"that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is "
"almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain "
-"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the "
-"future.</quote>"
+"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5119
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5140
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5128
msgid "Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5134
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
-"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access "
-"books. Founded in 2012 in the UK."
+"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
+"Founded in 2012 in the UK."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5148
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5139
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5141
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding "
"(specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5144
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5156
-msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5147
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5168
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5187
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5175
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5193
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5181
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
"the launch, Frances convinced Bloomsbury to differentiate themselves by "
-"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license "
-"(BY-NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or "
-"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest "
-"cost for publishers is getting a book to the stage where it can be "
-"printed. If everyone read the online book for free, there would be no "
-"print-book sales at all, and the costs associated with getting the book to "
-"print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print "
-"versions of these books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances "
-"found it intriguing that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts "
-"as a marketing vehicle for the print format."
+"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license (BY-"
+"NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or Attribution-NonCommercial-"
+"NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is "
+"getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the "
+"online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the "
+"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. "
+"Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these "
+"books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing "
+"that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing "
+"vehicle for the print format."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5198
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
"printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform "
-"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream "
-"model</quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an "
-"ice cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae."
+"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream model</"
+"quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice "
+"cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5207
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
"ready be printed, in other words, cover the fixed costs of getting to the "
"first digital copy? Then you could either bring down the cost of the printed "
-"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and "
-"e-book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
+"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and e-"
+"book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5228
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5216
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
-"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a "
-"<quote>book-processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world "
-"with an open-access version of the books released under a Creative Commons "
-"license."
+"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a <quote>book-"
+"processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world with an open-"
+"access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5224
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5235
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5242
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5260
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5248
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5254
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5260
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5281
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5269
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5279
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5288
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5276
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
-"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5284
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5295
msgid ""
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-"
+"availability-1/\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5294
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5305
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5329
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5317
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5332
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5350
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5338
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5348
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5353
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5359
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
-"$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 "
-"range. Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in "
-"the past sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three "
-"hundred. That makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the "
-"first round, it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second "
-"round, it took one month to get twenty-six."
+"$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. "
+"Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past "
+"sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That "
+"makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, "
+"it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second round, it "
+"took one month to get twenty-six."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5388
-msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5376
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5369
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
"increases their reputation. Open access through unlatching generates many "
"more downloads and therefore awareness. (On the Knowledge Unlatched website, "
"you can find interviews with the twenty-eight round-one authors describing "
-"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5379
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of "
"the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5398
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5411
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5415
msgid ""
-"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by "
-"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is "
-"sustainable. Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service "
-"charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans "
-"to scale up in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs "
-"when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, "
-"Knowledge Unlatched is making investments in technology and "
-"processes. Future plans include unlatching journals and older books."
+"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
+"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
+"Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that "
+"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up "
+"in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are "
+"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched "
+"is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include "
+"unlatching journals and older books."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5426
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438
msgid "Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5453
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5444
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5449
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5451
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom "
"services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5454
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5457
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim "
"Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5474
-msgid ""
-"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and "
-"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to "
-"improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making "
-"education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational "
-"resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called "
-"the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> It involved a set of fully open general-education courses across "
-"eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to "
-"dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to "
-"help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the "
-"required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero dollars, and "
-"average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with "
-"previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of more than "
-"twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It "
-"was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had "
-"on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill "
-"and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their "
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462
+msgid ""
+"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
+"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
+"student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more "
+"affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, "
+"David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope "
+"Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It involved "
+"a set of fully open general-education courses across eight colleges "
+"predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce "
+"textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to help students "
+"succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the required "
+"textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero dollars, and average student-"
+"success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with previous years. "
+"After a second round of funding, a total of more than twenty-five "
+"institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It was career "
+"changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had on low-"
+"income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill and "
+"Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their "
"work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they decided to create "
"Lumen Learning."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5485
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5495
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5504
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5512
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
"patterns emerged which allowed them to generalize a set of approaches and "
"offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead "
-"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf "
-"options. Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good "
-"at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving "
-"disadvantaged learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they "
-"describe what they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in "
-"a way that is very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and "
-"universities—"
+"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. "
+"Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing "
+"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged "
+"learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what "
+"they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is "
+"very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5528
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5534
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5541
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5547
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5569
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
"and assessments, and helps instructors find and support the students who "
-"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled "
-"student."
+"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5576
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5585
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
"those who paid. Right from the start, their stance was that they would not "
"put their content behind a paywall. Lumen invests zero dollars in "
"technologies and processes for restricting access—no digital rights "
-"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a "
-"business-model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has "
-"generated immense goodwill in the community."
+"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a business-"
+"model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has generated immense "
+"goodwill in the community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5602
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5613
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The "
"open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5624
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5632
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
-"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as "
-"Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the "
-"text of the course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students "
-"find it a distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the "
-"license and attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up "
-"at the end of each page."
+"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the text of the "
+"course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students find it a "
+"distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the license and "
+"attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up at the end of "
+"each page."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5655
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5643
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5651
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
"regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the "
"system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is "
-"the Virginia community college system, which is building out "
-"Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar "
-"system-level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its "
-"efforts. Where there are projects that would require a lot of resources on "
-"Lumen’s part, they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number "
-"of students."
+"the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. "
+"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-level "
+"activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where there are "
+"projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, they "
+"prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5664
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5674
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5684
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5693
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5704
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5713
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5719
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
-"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than "
-"seventy-five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up "
-"funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, "
-"and the Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted "
-"investment funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 "
-"percent grant funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with "
-"angel capital. Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding "
-"with revenue."
+"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
+"five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up funding "
+"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the "
+"Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted investment "
+"funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 percent grant "
+"funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with angel capital. "
+"Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5742
msgid "Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5757
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5748
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the "
"<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5751
msgid ""
-"<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink "
-"url=\"http://jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://"
+"jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5754
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom "
"services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5768
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5764
msgid ""
-"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as "
-"<quote>hustling</quote>—seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make "
-"money. The bulk of his income comes from writing songs under commission for "
-"people and companies, but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has "
-"supporters on the crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue "
-"from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid "
-"speaking engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by "
-"major conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the "
+"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—"
+"seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his "
+"income comes from writing songs under commission for people and companies, "
+"but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the "
+"crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and "
+"Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking "
+"engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major "
+"conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the "
"conference sessions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5788
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5776
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5799
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5787
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned "
"persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5794
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5816
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5804
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
"written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since "
"he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired "
-"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that "
-"day. His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at "
+"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. "
+"His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at "
"least an undercurrent of a deeper theme or meaning. Occasionally, they are "
"extremely personal, like the song he cowrote with his exgirlfriend "
"announcing their breakup. Rain or shine, in sickness or health, Jonathan "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5820
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5841
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5829
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super "
"simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5838
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
"discovered the option. <quote>CC seems like such a no-brainer,</quote> "
-"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make "
-"sense. It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to "
-"be able to be shared.</quote>"
+"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. "
+"It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able "
+"to be shared.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5847
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5857
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
"build community. <quote>There is all of this conventional wisdom about how "
-"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of "
-"that,</quote> Jonathan said."
+"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,</"
+"quote> Jonathan said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5864
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5874
msgid ""
-"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those "
-"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift "
-"for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
+"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
+"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
+"distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
"music. In his song <quote>How to Choose a Master Password,</quote> Jonathan "
-"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple "
-"song. He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long "
-"technical blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and "
-"rare) journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something "
+"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. "
+"He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical "
+"blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) "
+"journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something "
"understandable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5898
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5886
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5914
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5902
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5909
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
"fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down "
-"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural "
-"style. <quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who "
-"want something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do "
-"very easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into "
+"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. "
+"<quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want "
+"something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do very "
+"easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into "
"writing commercials for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique "
"style rather than mimicking others."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921
msgid ""
-"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and "
-"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in "
-"books like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely "
-"emphasizes the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can "
-"replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is "
-"a living embodiment of these principles."
+"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
+"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
+"like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes "
+"the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the "
+"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living "
+"embodiment of these principles."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5930
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5937
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is "
"constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944
msgid ""
"<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain "
"extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5963
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951
msgid "Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5957
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5971
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5962
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5964
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction "
"fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5967
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5979
-msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5970
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5992
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5980
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5988
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5996
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6007
msgid ""
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-"
+"collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6004
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
"launched the Noun Project with a Kickstarter campaign, back when Kickstarter "
"was in its infancy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They thought "
-"it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their "
-"idea. Their goal was to raise $1,500, but in twenty days they got over "
-"$14,000. They realized their idea had the potential to be something much "
-"bigger."
+"it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their idea. "
+"Their goal was to raise $1,500, but in twenty days they got over $14,000. "
+"They realized their idea had the potential to be something much bigger."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6013
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
"process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old "
-"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard "
-"drives. It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world."
+"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard drives. "
+"It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6033
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
-"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s "
-"quality-review process means that only the best works become part of its "
-"collection. They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback "
-"whenever they reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the "
-"relationship they have with their global community of designers."
+"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
+"review process means that only the best works become part of its collection. "
+"They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback whenever they "
+"reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the relationship they "
+"have with their global community of designers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6030
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6037
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6062
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6069
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a "
"users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many "
"similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one "
"they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby "
-"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly "
-"fee. This service is called NounPro and costs $9.99 per month. Edward says "
-"this model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good "
-"for the platform."
+"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. "
+"This service is called NounPro and costs $9.99 per month. Edward says this "
+"model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for "
+"the platform."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6095
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097
msgid ""
-"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For "
-"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
+"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
+"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
"percent to Noun Project."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6102
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6126 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6198
-msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6186
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6125
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6113
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6130
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6118
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6125
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can "
"use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6158
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6146
msgid ""
"For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual "
"language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6152
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6161
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
-"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and "
-"credibility. CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
+"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and credibility. "
+"CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6168
msgid ""
"Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate "
"community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6178
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6185
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6206
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6194
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6205
msgid "Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6211
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6216
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6218
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government "
"funding, charging for custom services, donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6221
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6224
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical "
"director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229
msgid ""
-"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the "
-"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
+"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
+"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
"consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are "
"central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY "
"(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239
msgid ""
-"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of "
-"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight "
-"time data from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local "
-"housing informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and "
-"timely, but open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data "
-"can be a resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can "
-"help governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target "
-"investments. It can help citizens improve their lives by better "
-"understanding what is happening around them."
+"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
+"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
+"from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local housing "
+"informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and timely, but "
+"open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data can be a "
+"resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can help "
+"governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target investments. It "
+"can help citizens improve their lives by better understanding what is "
+"happening around them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6251
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6261
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6267
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6273
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6278
msgid ""
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6."
+"cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6278
msgid ""
-"show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
+"\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6283
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
"this way: <quote>There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, "
"open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s "
-"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open "
-"data.</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for "
-"revenue."
+"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data."
+"</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6293
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6313
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6301
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6308
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6316
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6343
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6331
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6320
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
-"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to "
-"£100. Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount "
-"on ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an "
-"ODI-supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into "
-"two tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, "
-"and corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
+"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
+"Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on "
+"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-"
+"supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two "
+"tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, and "
+"corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
"members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the "
"benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members "
"are listed on their website.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6346
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348
msgid ""
-"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more "
-"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship "
-"with an organization. The training program is based on a definition of "
-"open-data knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills "
-"needed by their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The "
-"training tends to generate high interest and commitment."
+"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
+"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
+"organization. The training program is based on a definition of open-data "
+"knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills needed by "
+"their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The training "
+"tends to generate high interest and commitment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6357
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6365
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6386
-msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6374
+msgid ""
+"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6380
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6397
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6406
msgid ""
-"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United "
-"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors "
-"from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s "
-"open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic "
-"value. They were contracted as a service provider to international "
-"governments, which prompted a need to set up international ODI "
-"<quote>nodes.</quote>"
+"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
+"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
+"fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data "
+"practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were "
+"contracted as a service provider to international governments, which "
+"prompted a need to set up international ODI <quote>nodes.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6415
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
"but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set "
"of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and "
"deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and "
-"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the "
-"world. There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI "
-"nodes are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the "
-"brand."
+"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. "
+"There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes "
+"are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429
msgid ""
-"<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink "
-"url=\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url="
+"\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6427
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6433
msgid ""
-"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community "
-"building. Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and "
-"start-up programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and "
-"leaders. (In fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders "
-"Network.) For ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time "
-"and effort to build it, not just online but through face-to-face events."
+"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
+"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
+"programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and leaders. (In "
+"fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders Network.) For "
+"ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time and effort to "
+"build it, not just online but through face-to-face events."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6442
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
"of high quality, the organization can earn ODI’s Open Data Certificate, a "
"globally recognized mark that signals that their open data is useful, "
-"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6462
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6450
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6463
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
"publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission is "
-"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with "
-"data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open "
-"license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that "
-"it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not "
-"rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have "
-"ODI experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
+"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with data. "
+"Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is "
+"essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is "
+"perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely "
+"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI "
+"experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
"people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they "
"use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish "
-"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they "
-"offer. According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that "
-"it is completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>"
+"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. "
+"According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
+"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6481
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6489
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6497
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6508
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6514
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6520
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6531
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6519
msgid ""
"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: "
"5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6526
msgid "OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8971
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction "
"fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6546
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and "
"Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
"Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were exploring "
"digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to "
-"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical "
-"goods. They sought to design something for their client that was also "
-"reproducible. As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but "
-"not the goods.</quote> They created the design using software, put it under "
-"an open license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was "
-"the start of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open "
-"project dedicated to accessible housing for all—started as discussions "
-"around the same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate paths, "
-"with Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit "
-"company."
+"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. "
+"They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. "
+"As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but not the goods.</"
+"quote> They created the design using software, put it under an open license, "
+"and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the "
+"idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to "
+"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The "
+"two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a "
+"nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6574
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6581
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
-"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing "
-"options. It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of "
-"a design is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital "
-"sharing and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still "
-"hold ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the "
-"wheel and settled on using Creative Commons."
+"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing options. "
+"It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of a design "
+"is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital sharing "
+"and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still hold "
+"ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the wheel "
+"and settled on using Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6592
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6611
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6599
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6604
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6616
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6612
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
"and Joni called <quote>reputational glow.</quote> And Opendesk does an "
-"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6619
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
"buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s "
"network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers "
-"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a "
-"computer-controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that "
-"cuts shapes out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the "
-"design file."
+"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-"
+"controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes "
+"out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6655
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6643
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6636
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
"because we built a site where people could write in about their "
"capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is "
"how we have moved forward.</quote> Opendesk now has relationships with "
-"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6646
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6651
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6664
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6670
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6677
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
-"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to "
-"third-party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own "
-"channels—this covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
+"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
+"party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own channels—this "
+"covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6686
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6693
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6702
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6701
msgid ""
-"local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6710
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6723
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6730
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6735
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6752
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6740
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6757
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6745
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6750
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to "
"Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6768
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6756
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6773
msgid ""
-"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open "
-"making</quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers "
-"get profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the "
-"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to "
-"mass-production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>"
+"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</"
+"quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get "
+"profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the "
+"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-"
+"production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6793
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6781
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6806
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6794
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6801
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6789
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6798
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6818
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6806
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6822
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6810
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6815
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6825
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6833
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6840
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6853
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
"replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and "
"Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model "
"that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and "
-"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off "
-"<quote>open,</quote> not IP."
+"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off <quote>open,</"
+"quote> not IP."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6876
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6864
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6871
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
-"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in "
-"people."
+"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878
msgid "OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6884
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
-"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement "
-"courses. Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
+"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
+"Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6898
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6889
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6891
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging "
"for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6904
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6898
msgid ""
-"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, "
-"editor-in-chief"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-"
+"chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6915
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6903
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
-"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, "
-"Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, "
+"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. "
+"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, "
"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and "
-"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and "
-"reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s "
-"best libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with "
-"Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
+"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. "
+"Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best "
+"libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative "
+"Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6915
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6926
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6944
msgid ""
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-"
+"OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6950
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
"free for the twenty-five most heavily attended college courses in the "
"nation. Today they are fast approaching that number. There is data that "
"proves the success of their original hypothesis on how many students they "
-"could help and how much money they could help save.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Professionally produced content scales "
-"rapidly. All with no sales force!"
+"could help and how much money they could help save.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Professionally produced content scales rapidly. All "
+"with no sales force!"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6960
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6948
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6969
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6957
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6977
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6965
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6976
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6984
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6972
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
"calculator they can use to see how much students would save. OpenStax keeps "
-"a running list of institutions that have adopted their "
-"
textbooks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"a running list of institutions that have adopted their textbooks."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6991
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6985
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
-"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on "
-"philanthropy. They have initially been funded by the William and Flora "
-"Hewlett Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and "
-"Melinda Gates Foundation, the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield "
-"Foundation, the Calvin K. Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To "
-"develop additional titles and supporting technology is probably still going "
-"to require philanthropic investment."
+"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
+"They have initially been funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, "
+"the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, "
+"the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, the Calvin K. "
+"Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To develop additional titles and "
+"supporting technology is probably still going to require philanthropic "
+"investment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6996
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7018
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7006
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
-"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to "
-"institutions. Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the "
-"revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has "
-"already published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to "
-"Sociology 2e, using these funds."
+"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. "
+"Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they "
+"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already "
+"published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, "
+"using these funds."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7016
msgid ""
-"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak "
-"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing "
-"textbook content, freeing them up from those development costs and letting "
-"them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no "
-"cost, they can provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still "
-"saving students money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving "
-"mission-support fees but through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax "
-"doesn’t have a sales force; partners are out there showcasing their "
-"materials."
+"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
+"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
+"freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what "
+"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can "
+"provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students "
+"money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but "
+"through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; "
+"partners are out there showcasing their materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7028
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7036
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7046
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
-"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the "
-"stores. While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a "
+"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the stores. "
+"While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a "
"traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. Sometimes "
"students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and use it to "
"buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7071
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7059
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER "
"1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7067
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7080
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7098
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
-"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an "
-"up-front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author "
-"might make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is "
-"only maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of "
-"all authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them "
-"and they earn all the money up front."
+"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
+"front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author might "
+"make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is only "
+"maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of all "
+"authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them and "
+"they earn all the money up front."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7108
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation "
"license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use "
"their textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It "
"frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to "
-"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their "
-"materials. By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control "
-"and academic freedom."
+"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. "
+"By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic "
+"freedom."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7130
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7118
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7140
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7128
msgid ""
-"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive "
-"results. From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press "
-"kit:"
+"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
+"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7135
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7152
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7140
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7145
msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7150
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7156
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7165
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7172
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7180
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7193
msgid "Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7199
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7203
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7218
msgid ""
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/"
+"amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-"
+"swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7215
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find "
-"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
-"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot "
-". . . in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the "
-"reverberations of their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living "
-"doing that.</quote>"
+"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . "
+"in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of "
+"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7228
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. <quote>On "
-"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda "
-"said. <quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering "
-"how to make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>"
+"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda said. "
+"<quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to "
+"make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7237
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7274
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7262
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7286
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7274
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7298
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7286
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
"before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden Dolls used "
"to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music "
"for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it "
-"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a "
-"short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign "
-"that contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to "
-"someone later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette "
-"ad,</quote> Amanda said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the "
-"licenses was an easy decision because it gave them a more formal, "
-"standardized way of doing what they had been doing all along. The "
-"NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit."
+"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-"
+"form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign that "
+"contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone "
+"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,</quote> Amanda "
+"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an "
+"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing "
+"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a "
+"natural fit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7304
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7312
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7322
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
"featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She spends hours in "
"the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, "
"engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component "
-"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to "
-"listen. <quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto "
-"itself,</quote> Amanda wrote."
+"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. "
+"<quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,</quote> "
+"Amanda wrote."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7346
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7343
msgid ""
"<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking "
"palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7364
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7352
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7374
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7362
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7371
msgid ""
"<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of "
"you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7379
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7389
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7402
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my "
-"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious "
-"truth—that connection with human beings feels so much better and more "
-"fulfilling than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more "
-"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is "
-"genuinely of value to them.</quote>"
+"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—"
+"that connection with human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling "
+"than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying "
+"end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value "
+"to them.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7424
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7412
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
-"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a "
-"relationship. Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that "
-"different from what she did as a young street performer. She shares her "
-"music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than "
-"forcing people to help her, she lets them."
+"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. "
+"Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from "
+"what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other "
+"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to "
+"help her, she lets them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7423
msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7429
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
-"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the "
-"U.S."
+"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
+"S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7434
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7436
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content "
"creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451
-msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7442
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
"petition, most did not follow through. In August 2001, Patrick and Michael "
"announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation to "
"do just what the petition promised. With start-up grant support from the "
-"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new "
-"open-access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released "
-"under Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
+"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new open-"
+"access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released under "
+"Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7472
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7484
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7496
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7508
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
"that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, "
"genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, "
-"the article-processing charge ranges from $2,250 to "
-"$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, "
-"are just under $1,500."
+"the article-processing charge ranges from $2,250 to $2,900. Article-"
+"publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under "
+"$1,500."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7517
msgid ""
-"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to "
-"publication. Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for "
-"individuals and institutions to help authors who can’t afford the "
-"article-processing charges."
+"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
+"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
+"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7523
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
"for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on "
"access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s "
"open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the "
-"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon "
-"publication. Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on "
-"marketing to libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS "
-"provides a better service for authors by promoting their research directly "
-"to the research community and giving the authors exposure. And this "
-"encourages other authors to submit their work for publication."
+"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. "
+"Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to "
+"libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS provides a better "
+"service for authors by promoting their research directly to the research "
+"community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors "
+"to submit their work for publication."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7540
msgid ""
-"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC "
-"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content "
-"and provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
+"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
+"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
+"provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
"ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of "
"this aligns with how they think research content should be published and "
"disseminated."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7548
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7553
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7568
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7577
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7585
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7621
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7609
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7614
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7621
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7633
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7640
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7658
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7688
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7676
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7668
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It also offers something called Article-Level "
"Metrics, which helps users assess research most relevant to the field "
"itself, based on indicators like usage, citations, social bookmarking and "
-"dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and "
-"ratings.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise believes that the "
-"journal model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user "
+"dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and ratings."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise believes that the journal "
+"model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user "
"experience, including a way for readers to communicate with authors."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7681
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7691
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7701
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7707
msgid "Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713
msgid ""
-"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and "
-"history. Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
+"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
+"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7717
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7719
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government "
"funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7723
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7726
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data "
"manager of the collections information department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7731
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7759
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7747
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7772
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7770
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
-"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As an online portal to museum collections all "
-"across Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October "
-"2010 Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools "
-"people could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was "
-"the first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their "
-"collection and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their "
+"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As an online portal to museum collections all across "
+"Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October 2010 "
+"Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools people "
+"could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was the "
+"first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their collection "
+"and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their "
"collection. Lizzy says the Rijksmuseum initially found this change in "
"business practice a bit scary, but at the same time it stimulated even more "
"discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow suit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7796
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7797
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
-"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for "
-"free. Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define "
-"discrete digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each "
-"project. This turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high "
-"interest from sponsors and lower administrative effort for the "
-"Rijksmuseum. They started out making 150,000 high-quality images of their "
-"collection available, with the goal to eventually have the entire collection "
-"online."
+"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
+"Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define discrete "
+"digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each project. This "
+"turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high interest from "
+"sponsors and lower administrative effort for the Rijksmuseum. They started "
+"out making 150,000 high-quality images of their collection available, with "
+"the goal to eventually have the entire collection online."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7822
msgid ""
-"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of "
-"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of "
-"Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a "
-"month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more "
-"trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can "
-"easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now "
-"used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million "
-"views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of "
-"its website. Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the "
-"<quote>Mona Lisa effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that "
-"people want to see it in real life by visiting the actual museum."
+"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
+"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
+"Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a month. On "
+"the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more trusted, "
+"and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can easily be "
+"found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in "
+"thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per "
+"month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. "
+"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the <quote>Mona Lisa "
+"effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to "
+"see it in real life by visiting the actual museum."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7837
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7845
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7877
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7865
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7871
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7868
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7891
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7898
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7886
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
-"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the "
-"Rijksstudio. The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound "
-"by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
+"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
+"The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound by "
+"copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
"Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license "
"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they "
"want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7906
msgid ""
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-"
+"kimono-kimono-robe\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7909
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7897
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
-"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his "
-"paintings. The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the "
-"images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy "
-"to inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on "
+"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. "
+"The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in "
+"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to "
+"inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on "
"Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an "
"elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The "
"Threatened Swan.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7922
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7910
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 "
"award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; "
-"the 2015 award: <ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015\"/>"
+"the 2015 award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
+"award-2015\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7922
msgid ""
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-"
+"rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7909
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
"id=\"0\"/> With the call to action Make Your Own Masterpiece, the "
"competition invites the public to use Rijksstudio images to make new "
"creative designs. A jury of renowned designers and curators selects ten "
-"finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of "
-"€10,000. The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class "
-"entries. Some award winners end up with their work sold through the "
-"Rijksmuseum store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a "
-"specific color scheme of a work of art.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"1\"/> The Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries "
-"range from the fun to the weird to the inspirational. The third "
-"international edition of the Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016."
+"finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of €10,000. "
+"The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class entries. "
+"Some award winners end up with their work sold through the Rijksmuseum "
+"store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a specific color "
+"scheme of a work of art.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The "
+"Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries range from the fun "
+"to the weird to the inspirational. The third international edition of the "
+"Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7940
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7928
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7934
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7943
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7968
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7956
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came "
"up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7976
msgid "Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7991
-msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7982
+msgid ""
+"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7995
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7986
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7988
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, "
"crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7991
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7994
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder "
"and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8010
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
"the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting "
"(where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and "
"more. He wrote, <quote>It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is "
-"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the "
-"<quote>Borg.</quote></quote>"
+"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the <quote>Borg.</"
+"quote></quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8022
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
"around had they chosen differently. <quote>We would have gotten another type "
-"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he "
-"said. <quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never "
-"have been able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting "
-"now.</quote>"
+"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he said. "
+"<quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been "
+"able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8044
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8032
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
"because it happens to align with a project or interest they have. But "
"choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the "
-"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s "
-"credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate sharing "
-"economy, the online magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing "
-"economy</quote> and continued to grow their audience."
+"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. "
+"Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online "
+"magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing economy</quote> and "
+"continued to grow their audience."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8043
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8067
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8055
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8067
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that "
-"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the "
-"quality,</quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by "
-"guest writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their "
-"network of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth "
-"Alliance, which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a "
-"large and growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a "
-"chance to present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and "
-"promote each other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is "
-"licensed with Creative Commons."
+"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,</"
+"quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest "
+"writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their network "
+"of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, "
+"which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and "
+"growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to "
+"present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each "
+"other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed "
+"with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8094
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8082
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
"given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s "
"vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s "
"embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC "
-"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC "
-"licensing,</quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more "
-"people through a formal and informal network of republishers or "
-"affiliates. That has definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure "
-"the reach of other media properties, but most of the outlets who republish "
-"our work have much bigger audiences than we do.</quote>"
+"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC licensing,</"
+"quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more people through a "
+"formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has "
+"definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other "
+"media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have much "
+"bigger audiences than we do.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8097
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8107
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8126
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8114
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8124
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is "
"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8149
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8137
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
-"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for "
-"help. The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and "
-"start making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up "
+"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. "
+"The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and start "
+"making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up "
"reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new "
"people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8147
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8154
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
-"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own "
-"events. <quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk "
-"and huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel "
-"to the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events "
+"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. "
+"<quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and "
+"huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to "
+"the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events "
"around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and "
"reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different "
"events reaching over twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8183
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8171
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
-"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a "
-"one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people "
-"take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
+"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-"
+"size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take "
+"the ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8191
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8179
msgid "Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8190
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8192
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom "
"services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8195
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8197
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8209
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8228
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8216
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8227
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8236
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8224
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8245
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8233
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8251
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8256
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8276
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8264
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although "
"standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but of "
"course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is "
"transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and "
-"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a "
-"team-based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based "
-"entirely on resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they "
-"were safe to share and free from legal repercussions."
+"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-"
+"based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on "
+"resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were safe to "
+"share and free from legal repercussions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8283
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8279
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8299
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8287
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8306
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8294
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They "
"tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8302
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8310
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8319
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8332
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8350
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8338
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8347
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8356
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8365
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8371
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8380
msgid ""
-"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale "
-"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
+"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
+"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
"directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A "
"single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including "
"practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8403
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8391
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8400
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8411
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8420
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8408
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8415
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8433
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
"the government. Siyavula initially tried to convince the government to "
"provide them with five rand per book (about US35¢). With those funds, Mark "
-"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a "
-"community-based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent "
-"Practice for free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy "
-"negotiation, the government said no."
+"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a community-"
+"based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent Practice for "
+"free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy negotiation, the "
+"government said no."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8456
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8444
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8454
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8462
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8473
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
-"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The "
-"government-announced policy that there would be only one textbook per "
-"subject turned out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
+"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
+"announced policy that there would be only one textbook per subject turned "
+"out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8480
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These "
"include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8488
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
"Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open "
"license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to "
"do for them. They believe each individual should have access to the "
-"resources and support they need to achieve the education they "
-"deserve. Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons "
-"means they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build "
+"resources and support they need to achieve the education they deserve. "
+"Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons means "
+"they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build "
"revenue-generating services to sustain the ongoing operation of Siyavula. In "
"terms of open business models, Mark and Siyavula may have been around the "
"block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8504
msgid "SparkFun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8519
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8510
msgid ""
-"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open "
-"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
+"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
+"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8514
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8516
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical "
"copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8519
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8531
-msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8522
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8545
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533
msgid ""
"<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> "
"Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8551
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8539
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8548
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on "
"our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8557
msgid ""
"<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. "
"<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8575
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8563
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8573
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
"code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts "
-"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and "
-"support. <quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP "
-"[intellectual property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the "
-"stuff they should be competing on.</quote>"
+"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. "
+"<quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual "
+"property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the stuff they "
+"should be competing on.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8583
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
"there was a void in the market. <quote>If you wanted to place an order for "
"something,</quote> he said, <quote>you first had to search far and wide to "
"find it, and then you had to call or fax someone.</quote> In 2003, during "
-"his third year of college, he registered <ulink "
-"url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and started reselling products out of his "
-"bedroom. After he graduated, he started making and selling his own products."
+"his third year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/"
+"> and started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he "
+"started making and selling his own products."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8607
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8595
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8604
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8613
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
-"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping "
-"parts. Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to "
-"re-create and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on "
-"introducing young people to technology is a natural extension of their core "
-"business."
+"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
+"Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to re-create "
+"and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on introducing "
+"young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8620
msgid ""
"<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the "
-"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by "
-"2020.</quote>"
+"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8626
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8637
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8648
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8674
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8672
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8679
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
"company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and "
"tries to build on them where they can. <quote>From the beginning, we have "
"been listening to the community,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Customers "
-"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address "
-"it.</quote>"
+"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8691
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8702
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8712
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726
msgid "TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8732
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
-"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the "
-"U.S."
+"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U."
+"S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8737
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8739
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8741
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8753
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8744
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and "
"Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8761
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8749
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
-"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by "
-"advertising. Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational "
-"materials TeachAIDS distributes."
+"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
+"Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational materials "
+"TeachAIDS distributes."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8768
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
-"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford "
-"University. She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next "
-"hot zone of people living with HIV. Despite international and national "
-"entities pouring in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention "
-"efforts, the reports showed knowledge levels were still low. People were "
-"unaware of whether the virus could be transmitted through coughing and "
-"sneezing, for instance. Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at "
-"Stanford, Piya conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous "
-"research. They found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was "
-"that HIV, and issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to "
-"discuss comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the "
-"education on this topic was being taught through television advertising, "
-"billboards, and other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only "
-"receiving bits and pieces of information."
+"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford University. "
+"She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next hot zone of "
+"people living with HIV. Despite international and national entities pouring "
+"in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention efforts, the reports "
+"showed knowledge levels were still low. People were unaware of whether the "
+"virus could be transmitted through coughing and sneezing, for instance. "
+"Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at Stanford, Piya "
+"conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous research. They "
+"found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was that HIV, and "
+"issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to discuss "
+"comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the education on "
+"this topic was being taught through television advertising, billboards, and "
+"other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only receiving bits and "
+"pieces of information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8800
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8788
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8800
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8818
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8806
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially "
"gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the "
"content, and for noncommercial purposes. <quote>We wanted attribution for "
-"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting "
-"them,</quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It "
-"was almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a "
-"plug-and-play solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our "
-"materials safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and "
-"protecting us at the same time.</quote>"
+"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,</"
+"quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It was "
+"almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play "
+"solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials "
+"safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us "
+"at the same time.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8822
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
"content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to "
-"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating "
-"high-quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya "
-"said. <quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>"
+"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating high-"
+"quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya said. "
+"<quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8843
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8831
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8840
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8855
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
"using paid translators. For quality control, TeachAIDS has three separate "
"volunteer teams translate the materials from English to the local language "
"and customize the content based on local customs and norms. Those three "
-"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master "
-"translation. TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate "
-"that version back into English to see how well it lines up with the original "
-"materials. They repeat this process until they reach a translated version "
-"that meets their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this "
-"cycle eleven times."
+"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master translation. "
+"TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate that version "
+"back into English to see how well it lines up with the original materials. "
+"They repeat this process until they reach a translated version that meets "
+"their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this cycle "
+"eleven times."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8871
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8903
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8891
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
-"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and "
-"in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
+"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-"
+"kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
"model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the "
-"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an "
-"option. <quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just "
-"creating their own materials using whatever they could find for free "
-"online,</quote> Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our "
-"highly effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>"
+"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. "
+"<quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating "
+"their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,</quote> "
+"Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our highly "
+"effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8916
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8904
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8915
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
"the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more "
"importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an "
"area with no sponsors. <quote>If we just created versions based on where we "
-"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier "
-"countries,</quote> Shuman said."
+"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,"
+"</quote> Shuman said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8925
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8951
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8960
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8948
msgid ""
-"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving "
-"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins "
-"the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they "
-"create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale "
-"their materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a "
-"game changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said."
+"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
+"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
+"it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create "
+"furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their "
+"materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a game "
+"changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8958
msgid "Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8964
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8978
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8969
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8974
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8977
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, "
"cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8994
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
"online business. He also coauthored a number of workbooks for small- to "
-"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the "
-"Web. Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of "
-"open licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative "
-"Commons."
+"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the Web. "
+"Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of open "
+"licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8991
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
-"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold "
-"stock-music. They thought of looking up websites where you could license "
-"music directly from the musician without going through record labels or "
-"agents. But in 2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights "
-"holder was not readily available."
+"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold stock-music. "
+"They thought of looking up websites where you could license music directly "
+"from the musician without going through record labels or agents. But in "
+"2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not "
+"readily available."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9001
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9011
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9018
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9033
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9038
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9026
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
-"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, "
-"good-listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show "
-"without the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They "
-"started their In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) "
-"uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-"
+"listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without "
+"the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their "
+"In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the "
+"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9036
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9057
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9083
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
"share is 42.5 percent. It’s not uncommon in a traditional model for the "
"artist to get only 5 to 10 percent, so a share of over 40 percent is a "
-"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their "
-"website:"
+"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their website:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9099
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9087
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9079
msgid ""
"A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are "
"selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
"contains 350 songs so the musician’s share is 5/350 = 1.43%. The license fee "
"agreed with this retailer is US$12 per month per play-out. So if 42.5% is "
"shared with the Tribe musicians in this playlist and your share is 1.43%, "
-"you end up with US$12 * 1000 stores * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US$73 per "
-"
month.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"you end up with US$12 * 1000 stores * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US$73 per month."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9090
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
"Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and "
"remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons "
"licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day "
-"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC "
-"BY-SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
+"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-"
+"SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9112
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
-"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific "
-"amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their "
+"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. "
+"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their "
"repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9132
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9120
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9138
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126
msgid ""
-"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to "
-"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing "
-"economy, the community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, "
-"create exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become "
-"more interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
+"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
+"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
+"community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, create "
+"exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more "
+"interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9145
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
"specifies what they want, and any member can submit a song. Contests usually "
"involve prizes, exposure, and money. In addition to building member "
"engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening "
-"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that "
-"need."
+"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9155
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
"from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of "
-"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for "
-"them. Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see "
-"little reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the "
-"control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a "
-"hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in "
-"others with collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI."
+"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. "
+"Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little "
+"reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the control. Still a "
+"small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a hybrid model by "
+"licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with "
+"collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9179
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9167
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9196
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9184
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
"translated into all languages really helps build that trust. Tribe of Noise "
"believes in creating a model where they work together with musicians. They "
"can only do that if they have a live and kicking community, with people who "
-"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in "
-"mind. Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for "
-"music, a model that’s based on trust."
+"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in mind. "
+"Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, "
+"a model that’s based on trust."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9196
msgid "Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9211
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9202
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9207
msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9209
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9211
msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9214
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief "
"Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9223
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
-"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the "
-"articles. All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of "
-"the content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people "
-"to reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
+"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
+"All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of the "
+"content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people to "
+"reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9231
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
-"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what "
-"else?—the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
+"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
+"the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9236
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
"sites like Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons. The foundation employs about two "
-"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it "
-"hosts. But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its "
-"community. The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about "
-"seventy-five thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every "
-"month. Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, "
-"including formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a "
-"particular theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a "
-"particular organization."
+"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it hosts. "
+"But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its community. "
+"The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about seventy-five "
+"thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every month. "
+"Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, including "
+"formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a particular "
+"theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a particular "
+"organization."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9262
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9257
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9266
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9278
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
"areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
"Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community "
"is very deliberate. <quote>We look at the things that the community can do "
-"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told "
-"us. Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the "
-"community cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that "
-"supports the technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half "
-"of the foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites."
+"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told us. "
+"Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community "
+"cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that supports the "
+"technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the "
+"foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9302
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9318
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9342
msgid ""
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/\"/>"
+"<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-"
+"mistakes/\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9330
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
"every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans working together "
"in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a "
"million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes "
-"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single "
-"explanation. <quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible "
-"diversity of motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one "
-"editor of the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single "
-"grammatical error in articles more than forty-eight thousand "
-"times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia "
-"users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to "
-"Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, some donate images, some donate "
-"financially,</quote> Stephen told us. <quote>They are all "
-"contributors.</quote>"
+"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. "
+"<quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of "
+"motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the "
+"English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in "
+"articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing "
+"is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, "
+"some donate images, some donate financially,</quote> Stephen told us. "
+"<quote>They are all contributors.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9361
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9349
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9359
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
"Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United "
"States. They engage in extensive user testing and research to maximize the "
"reach of their fund-raising campaigns. Their basic fund-raising message is "
-"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give "
-"back. Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
+"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give back. "
+"Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9370
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9379
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9385
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9392
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, "
-"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public "
-"spaces,</quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that "
-"open public space.</quote>"
+"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,</"
+"quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that open "
+"public space.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9402
msgid "Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9404
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9410
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9427
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9415
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9430
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9422
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9426
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
-"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licensed "
-"under CC BY-NC-SA)."
+"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url="
+"\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licensed under "
+"CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9433
msgid ""
-"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open "
-"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> "
-"(licensed under CC BY-SA)."
+"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
+"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/"
+"WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licensed under CC BY-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9439
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
-"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink "
-"url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>."
+"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-"
+"transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9445
msgid ""
-"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the "
-"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
+"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
+"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9449
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
-"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through "
-"Commons-Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop "
-"in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf\"/>. "
-"For more information, see <ulink "
-"url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>."
+"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
+"Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in "
+"cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
+"<ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-"
+"pdf\"/>. For more information, see <ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/"
+"democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9471
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9467
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9470
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC "
"BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9474
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9479
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9483
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9487
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
"(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, "
-"2014). <ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>."
+"2014). <ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-"
+"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-"
+"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9494
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the "
"Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9499
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9504
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about "
"Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink "
-"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>."
+"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/"
+">."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9514
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
-"of Regina Press, 2015. <ulink "
-"url=\"http://uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC "
-"BY-NC-ND)."
+"of Regina Press, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-"
+"Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9533
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9521
msgid ""
-"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan "
-"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014."
+"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
+"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9525
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in "
"a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9530
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten "
"Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring "
-"2009. <ulink "
-"url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>."
+"2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/"
+"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9536
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared "
-"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
+"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
+"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9540
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
-"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
+"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9545
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. "
-"Strandburg. <quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in "
-"Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
+"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, "
+"and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New "
"York: Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9570
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9558
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9562
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9579
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9567
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9571
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9575
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9579
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9583
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9588
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9592
msgid ""
-"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being "
-"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012."
+"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
+"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9596
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9600
msgid ""
"Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the "
-"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680\"/>"
+"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/"
+"news/technology-35709680\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9617
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9605
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9621
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9609
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9613
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9617
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, "
"NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9629
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
-"book is available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design\"/>."
+"book is available at <ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-"
+"proposition-design\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9647
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9635
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9639
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
-"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink "
-"url=\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> "
+"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink url="
+"\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> "
"(licensed under CC BY-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9659
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9647
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
-"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> "
-"(licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www."
+"academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> (licensed "
+"under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
-"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>."
+"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink url=\"http://"
+"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9659
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9676
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9664
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9681
-msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9669
+msgid ""
+"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9677
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9681
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9697
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9685
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9689
msgid ""
-"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing "
-"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
+"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
+"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9693
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9697
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9701
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9717
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9705
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9714
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9730
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9718
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9722
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
"with Creative Commons Netherlands; Premsela, the Netherlands Institute for "
-"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink "
-"url=\"http://opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
+"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink url=\"http://"
+"opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9730
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
-"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink "
-"url=\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url="
+"\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736
msgid ""
"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink "
-"url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC "
-"BY-NC-ND)."
+"url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-"
+"NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9753
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9741
msgid ""
-"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and "
-"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
+"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
+"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9746
msgid "Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9748
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9768
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
-"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter "
-"co-editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable "
-"feedback. Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
+"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
+"editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable feedback. "
+"Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9825
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
"Mcconville, David Mikula, David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David "
"Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah "
"Nas, Denis Jean, dennis straub, Dennis Whittle, Denver Gingerich, Derek "
-"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane "
-"K. Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La "
-"Cruz, Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, "
-"Dirk Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, "
-"Dom Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique "
-"Karadjian, Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, "
-"Doug Hoover, Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, "
-"Dr. Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C "
-"Humphries, Eamon Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo "
-"Belinchon, Eduardo Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, "
-"Elad Wieder, Elar Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie "
-"Calhoun, Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli "
-"Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique "
-"Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric "
-"Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, "
-"Erika Reid, Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan "
-"Bousse, Erwin Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan "
-"Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton "
-"Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix "
-"Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe "
-"Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, "
-"Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot "
-"Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois "
-"Grey, François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, "
-"Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel "
-"Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, "
-"Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de "
+"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane K. "
+"Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La Cruz, "
+"Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, Dirk "
+"Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom "
+"Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, "
+"Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, "
+"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew "
+"Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon "
+"Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo "
+"Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar "
+"Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie Calhoun, Elizabeth "
+"Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli Verhulst, Elroy "
+"Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique Mandujano R., Eric "
+"Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric Hellman, Eric "
+"Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, Erika Reid, "
+"Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan Bousse, Erwin "
+"Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne "
+"Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix "
+"Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix "
+"Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, "
+"Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent "
+"Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, "
+"Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, "
+"François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric "
+"Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, "
+"Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary "
+"Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de "
"Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George "
"Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, "
"Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, "
"James Chesky, James Cloos, James Docherty, James Ellars, James K Wood, James "
"Tyler, Jamie Finlay, Jamie Stevens, Jamil Khatib, Jan E Ellison, Jan Gondol, "
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"Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, "
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-"Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, "
-"Tracey Henton, Tracey James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor "
-"Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, "
-"Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, "
-"Vaughan jenkins, Veethika Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, "
-"Victor Grigas, Victoria Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas "
-"Shah, Vinayak S.Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia "
-"Gentilini, Virginia Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne "
-"Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, "
-"Willa Köerner, William Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William "
-"Marshall, William Peter Nash, William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, "
-"Winie Evers, Wolfgang Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier "
-"Moisant, Xueqi Li, Yancey Strickler, Yann Heurtaux, Yasmine Hajjar, Yu-Hsian "
-"Sun, Yves Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua "
-"de Haan, ZeMarmot Open Movie"
+"Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-"
+"Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, "
+"Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, "
+"Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-"
+"Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara "
+"Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah "
+"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, "
+"Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, "
+"Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, "
+"Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter "
+"Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian "
+"Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, "
+"Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, "
+"Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby "
+"Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, "
+"Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, "
+"Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, "
+"Stanislav Trifonov, Stefan Dumont, Stefan Jansson, Stefan Langer, Stefan "
+"Lindblad, Stefano Guidotti, Stefano Luzardi, Stephan Meißl, Stéphane "
+"Wojewoda, Stephanie Pereira, Stephen Gates, Stephen Murphey, Stephen Pearce, "
+"Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, "
+"Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, "
+"Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, "
+"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, "
+"Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie "
+"Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia "
+"Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya "
+"Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner "
+"Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry "
+"Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, "
+"Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas Hartman, "
+"Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas Thrush, Thomas "
+"Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim "
+"Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy Arfsten, Timothy "
+"Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, "
+"Todd Brown, Todd Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom Bamford, Tom Caswell, Tom "
+"Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom "
+"Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, "
+"Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey "
+"James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey "
+"Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo "
+"Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika "
+"Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria "
+"Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S."
+"Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia "
+"Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, "
+"Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William "
+"Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, "
+"William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, Wolfgang "
+"Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, Xueqi Li, "
+"Yancey Strickler, Yann Heurtaux, Yasmine Hajjar, Yu-Hsian Sun, Yves "
+"Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, "
+"ZeMarmot Open Movie"
msgstr ""
projects / text-madewithcc.git / blobdiff