From: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2013 13:33:52 +0000 (+0200)
Subject: Generated.
X-Git-Tag: edition-2015-10-10~842
X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-free-culture-lessig.git/commitdiff_plain/a74db657dbc33c5d028659c6e5a2e49b9485443c?ds=inline

Generated.
---

diff --git a/freeculture.pot b/freeculture.pot
index 0510fd4..38c73d0 100644
--- a/freeculture.pot
+++ b/freeculture.pot
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-08-01 09:02+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-08-02 15:32+0300\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -344,12 +344,12 @@ msgid "power, concentration of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:313 freeculture.xml:13774
+#: freeculture.xml:313 freeculture.xml:13778
 msgid "CodePink Women in Peace"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:314 freeculture.xml:335 freeculture.xml:13775
+#: freeculture.xml:314 freeculture.xml:335 freeculture.xml:13779
 msgid "Safire, William"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -471,17 +471,17 @@ msgid "air traffic, land ownership vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:404 freeculture.xml:14798
+#: freeculture.xml:404 freeculture.xml:14802
 msgid "land ownership, air traffic and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:405 freeculture.xml:4623 freeculture.xml:13677 freeculture.xml:14799
+#: freeculture.xml:405 freeculture.xml:4627 freeculture.xml:13681 freeculture.xml:14803
 msgid "property rights"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:405 freeculture.xml:14799
+#: freeculture.xml:405 freeculture.xml:14803
 msgid "air traffic vs."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -518,12 +518,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:429 freeculture.xml:442 freeculture.xml:475 freeculture.xml:495 freeculture.xml:681 freeculture.xml:808 freeculture.xml:935 freeculture.xml:953 freeculture.xml:1001 freeculture.xml:9527 freeculture.xml:13093 freeculture.xml:13878
+#: freeculture.xml:429 freeculture.xml:442 freeculture.xml:475 freeculture.xml:495 freeculture.xml:681 freeculture.xml:808 freeculture.xml:935 freeculture.xml:953 freeculture.xml:1001 freeculture.xml:9531 freeculture.xml:13097 freeculture.xml:13882
 msgid "Causby, Thomas Lee"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:430 freeculture.xml:443 freeculture.xml:476 freeculture.xml:496 freeculture.xml:682 freeculture.xml:809 freeculture.xml:936 freeculture.xml:954 freeculture.xml:1002 freeculture.xml:9528 freeculture.xml:13094 freeculture.xml:13879
+#: freeculture.xml:430 freeculture.xml:443 freeculture.xml:476 freeculture.xml:496 freeculture.xml:682 freeculture.xml:809 freeculture.xml:936 freeculture.xml:954 freeculture.xml:1002 freeculture.xml:9532 freeculture.xml:13098 freeculture.xml:13883
 msgid "Causby, Tinie"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ msgid "Douglas, William O."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:445 freeculture.xml:4512 freeculture.xml:5114 freeculture.xml:14186
+#: freeculture.xml:445 freeculture.xml:4516 freeculture.xml:5118 freeculture.xml:14190
 msgid "Supreme Court, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:520 freeculture.xml:9535 freeculture.xml:10230
+#: freeculture.xml:520 freeculture.xml:9539 freeculture.xml:10234
 msgid "Armstrong, Edwin Howard"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -657,12 +657,12 @@ msgid "Faraday, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:524 freeculture.xml:4254 freeculture.xml:6789 freeculture.xml:10137
+#: freeculture.xml:524 freeculture.xml:4258 freeculture.xml:6793 freeculture.xml:10141
 msgid "radio"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:524 freeculture.xml:6789
+#: freeculture.xml:524 freeculture.xml:6793
 msgid "FM spectrum of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:576 freeculture.xml:6792
+#: freeculture.xml:576 freeculture.xml:6796
 msgid "RCA"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:608 freeculture.xml:6788
+#: freeculture.xml:608 freeculture.xml:6792
 msgid "FM radio"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -913,12 +913,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:701 freeculture.xml:1074 freeculture.xml:2325 freeculture.xml:2337 freeculture.xml:2421 freeculture.xml:2455 freeculture.xml:2481 freeculture.xml:2731 freeculture.xml:6673 freeculture.xml:7529 freeculture.xml:7602 freeculture.xml:10136 freeculture.xml:13409 freeculture.xml:13969 freeculture.xml:13970 freeculture.xml:14044
+#: freeculture.xml:701 freeculture.xml:1074 freeculture.xml:2325 freeculture.xml:2337 freeculture.xml:2421 freeculture.xml:2455 freeculture.xml:2481 freeculture.xml:2731 freeculture.xml:4133 freeculture.xml:6677 freeculture.xml:7533 freeculture.xml:7606 freeculture.xml:10140 freeculture.xml:13413 freeculture.xml:13973 freeculture.xml:13974 freeculture.xml:14048
 msgid "Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:701 freeculture.xml:4663 freeculture.xml:13409 freeculture.xml:13969
+#: freeculture.xml:701 freeculture.xml:4667 freeculture.xml:13413 freeculture.xml:13973
 msgid "development of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:764 freeculture.xml:2828 freeculture.xml:2829 freeculture.xml:2856 freeculture.xml:2857 freeculture.xml:2858 freeculture.xml:7761 freeculture.xml:9594 freeculture.xml:9595 freeculture.xml:9870 freeculture.xml:9871 freeculture.xml:9872 freeculture.xml:9915
+#: freeculture.xml:764 freeculture.xml:2828 freeculture.xml:2829 freeculture.xml:2856 freeculture.xml:2857 freeculture.xml:2858 freeculture.xml:7765 freeculture.xml:9598 freeculture.xml:9599 freeculture.xml:9874 freeculture.xml:9875 freeculture.xml:9876 freeculture.xml:9919
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1059,7 +1059,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:787 freeculture.xml:1675 freeculture.xml:5221 freeculture.xml:6446 freeculture.xml:14009
+#: freeculture.xml:787 freeculture.xml:1675 freeculture.xml:5225 freeculture.xml:6450 freeculture.xml:14013
 msgid "free culture"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ msgid "free culture vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:794 freeculture.xml:10120
+#: freeculture.xml:794 freeculture.xml:10124
 msgid "Litman, Jessica"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1158,12 +1158,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:854 freeculture.xml:7484
+#: freeculture.xml:854 freeculture.xml:7488
 msgid "Valenti, Jack"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:854 freeculture.xml:7484
+#: freeculture.xml:854 freeculture.xml:7488
 msgid "on creative property rights"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1212,32 +1212,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:886 freeculture.xml:6824 freeculture.xml:6937 freeculture.xml:6938 freeculture.xml:6939 freeculture.xml:6984 freeculture.xml:7572 freeculture.xml:11123 freeculture.xml:11414 freeculture.xml:12060
+#: freeculture.xml:886 freeculture.xml:6828 freeculture.xml:6941 freeculture.xml:6942 freeculture.xml:6943 freeculture.xml:6988 freeculture.xml:7576 freeculture.xml:11127 freeculture.xml:11418 freeculture.xml:12064
 msgid "Constitution, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:886 freeculture.xml:6824 freeculture.xml:7572
+#: freeculture.xml:886 freeculture.xml:6828 freeculture.xml:7576
 msgid "First Amendment to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:887 freeculture.xml:1052 freeculture.xml:1159 freeculture.xml:1184 freeculture.xml:1528 freeculture.xml:1572 freeculture.xml:1686 freeculture.xml:3089 freeculture.xml:3180 freeculture.xml:4252 freeculture.xml:4253 freeculture.xml:4663 freeculture.xml:4664 freeculture.xml:5265 freeculture.xml:6448 freeculture.xml:6891 freeculture.xml:6971 freeculture.xml:6972 freeculture.xml:7156 freeculture.xml:7255 freeculture.xml:7287 freeculture.xml:7317 freeculture.xml:7352 freeculture.xml:7466 freeculture.xml:7467 freeculture.xml:7528 freeculture.xml:7562 freeculture.xml:7667 freeculture.xml:7681 freeculture.xml:7740 freeculture.xml:7741 freeculture.xml:7839 freeculture.xml:9756 freeculture.xml:10109 freeculture.xml:11063 freeculture.xml:11108
+#: freeculture.xml:887 freeculture.xml:1052 freeculture.xml:1159 freeculture.xml:1184 freeculture.xml:1528 freeculture.xml:1572 freeculture.xml:1686 freeculture.xml:3089 freeculture.xml:3180 freeculture.xml:4256 freeculture.xml:4257 freeculture.xml:4667 freeculture.xml:4668 freeculture.xml:5269 freeculture.xml:6452 freeculture.xml:6895 freeculture.xml:6975 freeculture.xml:6976 freeculture.xml:7160 freeculture.xml:7259 freeculture.xml:7291 freeculture.xml:7321 freeculture.xml:7356 freeculture.xml:7470 freeculture.xml:7471 freeculture.xml:7532 freeculture.xml:7566 freeculture.xml:7671 freeculture.xml:7685 freeculture.xml:7744 freeculture.xml:7745 freeculture.xml:7843 freeculture.xml:9760 freeculture.xml:10113 freeculture.xml:11067 freeculture.xml:11112
 msgid "copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:887 freeculture.xml:6971
+#: freeculture.xml:887 freeculture.xml:6975
 msgid "as protection of creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:888 freeculture.xml:6825 freeculture.xml:7573
+#: freeculture.xml:888 freeculture.xml:6829 freeculture.xml:7577
 msgid "First Amendment"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:889 freeculture.xml:899 freeculture.xml:15197
+#: freeculture.xml:889 freeculture.xml:899 freeculture.xml:15201
 msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:937 freeculture.xml:13325 freeculture.xml:13408 freeculture.xml:13578
+#: freeculture.xml:937 freeculture.xml:13329 freeculture.xml:13412 freeculture.xml:13582
 msgid "intellectual property rights"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1443,12 +1443,12 @@ msgid "<quote>PIRACY</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1052 freeculture.xml:4664
+#: freeculture.xml:1052 freeculture.xml:4668
 msgid "English"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1053 freeculture.xml:5074
+#: freeculture.xml:1053 freeculture.xml:5078
 msgid "Mansfield, William Murray, Lord"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1495,7 +1495,7 @@ msgid "efficient content distribution on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1075 freeculture.xml:6674 freeculture.xml:11111
+#: freeculture.xml:1075 freeculture.xml:6678 freeculture.xml:11115
 msgid "peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1578,7 +1578,7 @@ msgid "Girl Scouts"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1124 freeculture.xml:6942 freeculture.xml:7042 freeculture.xml:7485
+#: freeculture.xml:1124 freeculture.xml:6946 freeculture.xml:7046 freeculture.xml:7489
 msgid "creative property"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1602,7 +1602,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1144 freeculture.xml:7421
+#: freeculture.xml:1144 freeculture.xml:7425
 msgid "Zittrain, Jonathan"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1644,7 +1644,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1159 freeculture.xml:7255 freeculture.xml:7352 freeculture.xml:7667
+#: freeculture.xml:1159 freeculture.xml:7259 freeculture.xml:7356 freeculture.xml:7671
 msgid "on republishing vs. transformation of original work"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1762,7 +1762,7 @@ msgid "cartoon films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1235 freeculture.xml:5269 freeculture.xml:5303 freeculture.xml:6015 freeculture.xml:6059
+#: freeculture.xml:1235 freeculture.xml:5273 freeculture.xml:5307 freeculture.xml:6019 freeculture.xml:6063
 msgid "films"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1777,7 +1777,7 @@ msgid "Steamboat Willie"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1237 freeculture.xml:7446
+#: freeculture.xml:1237 freeculture.xml:7450
 msgid "Mickey Mouse"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1793,7 +1793,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1245 freeculture.xml:1462 freeculture.xml:1516 freeculture.xml:1657 freeculture.xml:1903 freeculture.xml:4499 freeculture.xml:6191 freeculture.xml:7445 freeculture.xml:11004 freeculture.xml:11417
+#: freeculture.xml:1245 freeculture.xml:1462 freeculture.xml:1516 freeculture.xml:1657 freeculture.xml:1903 freeculture.xml:4503 freeculture.xml:6195 freeculture.xml:7449 freeculture.xml:11008 freeculture.xml:11421
 msgid "Disney, Walt"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1901,22 +1901,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1313 freeculture.xml:1470 freeculture.xml:7256 freeculture.xml:7353 freeculture.xml:7531 freeculture.xml:7640 freeculture.xml:7682
+#: freeculture.xml:1313 freeculture.xml:1470 freeculture.xml:7260 freeculture.xml:7357 freeculture.xml:7535 freeculture.xml:7644 freeculture.xml:7686
 msgid "derivative works"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1313 freeculture.xml:1470 freeculture.xml:7353 freeculture.xml:7531
+#: freeculture.xml:1313 freeculture.xml:1470 freeculture.xml:7357 freeculture.xml:7535
 msgid "piracy vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1314 freeculture.xml:1473 freeculture.xml:2984 freeculture.xml:3683 freeculture.xml:7354 freeculture.xml:7532 freeculture.xml:15263
+#: freeculture.xml:1314 freeculture.xml:1473 freeculture.xml:2984 freeculture.xml:3683 freeculture.xml:7358 freeculture.xml:7536 freeculture.xml:15267
 msgid "piracy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1314 freeculture.xml:1473 freeculture.xml:7354 freeculture.xml:7532
+#: freeculture.xml:1314 freeculture.xml:1473 freeculture.xml:7358 freeculture.xml:7536
 msgid "derivative work vs."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1955,7 +1955,7 @@ msgid "by transforming previous works"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1343 freeculture.xml:6232 freeculture.xml:7739
+#: freeculture.xml:1343 freeculture.xml:6236 freeculture.xml:7743
 msgid "Disney, Inc."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1984,7 +1984,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1363 freeculture.xml:1658 freeculture.xml:11005
+#: freeculture.xml:1363 freeculture.xml:1658 freeculture.xml:11009
 msgid "Grimm fairy tales"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2041,17 +2041,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1408 freeculture.xml:4716 freeculture.xml:4717 freeculture.xml:4783 freeculture.xml:4821 freeculture.xml:4877 freeculture.xml:4923 freeculture.xml:5058 freeculture.xml:5152 freeculture.xml:6642 freeculture.xml:6940 freeculture.xml:6941 freeculture.xml:6944 freeculture.xml:7013 freeculture.xml:7039 freeculture.xml:7078 freeculture.xml:7201 freeculture.xml:7248 freeculture.xml:7285 freeculture.xml:7593 freeculture.xml:7760 freeculture.xml:11062 freeculture.xml:11086 freeculture.xml:11415 freeculture.xml:11416
+#: freeculture.xml:1408 freeculture.xml:4720 freeculture.xml:4721 freeculture.xml:4787 freeculture.xml:4825 freeculture.xml:4881 freeculture.xml:4927 freeculture.xml:5062 freeculture.xml:5156 freeculture.xml:6646 freeculture.xml:6944 freeculture.xml:6945 freeculture.xml:6948 freeculture.xml:7017 freeculture.xml:7043 freeculture.xml:7082 freeculture.xml:7205 freeculture.xml:7252 freeculture.xml:7289 freeculture.xml:7597 freeculture.xml:7764 freeculture.xml:11066 freeculture.xml:11090 freeculture.xml:11419 freeculture.xml:11420
 msgid "copyright"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1408 freeculture.xml:4716 freeculture.xml:4877 freeculture.xml:6941 freeculture.xml:6944 freeculture.xml:7039 freeculture.xml:11062 freeculture.xml:11416
+#: freeculture.xml:1408 freeculture.xml:4720 freeculture.xml:4881 freeculture.xml:6945 freeculture.xml:6948 freeculture.xml:7043 freeculture.xml:11066 freeculture.xml:11420
 msgid "duration of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1409 freeculture.xml:1410 freeculture.xml:5153 freeculture.xml:7043 freeculture.xml:7166 freeculture.xml:8051 freeculture.xml:10996 freeculture.xml:13413 freeculture.xml:14203 freeculture.xml:14204
+#: freeculture.xml:1409 freeculture.xml:1410 freeculture.xml:5157 freeculture.xml:7047 freeculture.xml:7170 freeculture.xml:8055 freeculture.xml:11000 freeculture.xml:13417 freeculture.xml:14207 freeculture.xml:14208
 msgid "public domain"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2362,7 +2362,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1644 freeculture.xml:3002 freeculture.xml:4729 freeculture.xml:4988 freeculture.xml:7870 freeculture.xml:8983
+#: freeculture.xml:1644 freeculture.xml:3002 freeculture.xml:4733 freeculture.xml:4992 freeculture.xml:7874 freeculture.xml:8987
 msgid "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2444,7 +2444,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1712 freeculture.xml:4669 freeculture.xml:4801 freeculture.xml:4838 freeculture.xml:5168
+#: freeculture.xml:1712 freeculture.xml:4673 freeculture.xml:4805 freeculture.xml:4842 freeculture.xml:5172
 msgid "Shakespeare, William"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2511,7 +2511,7 @@ msgid "Daguerre, Louis"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1763 freeculture.xml:1918 freeculture.xml:1973 freeculture.xml:6751
+#: freeculture.xml:1763 freeculture.xml:1918 freeculture.xml:1973 freeculture.xml:6755
 msgid "camera technology"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2571,7 +2571,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1800 freeculture.xml:1955 freeculture.xml:6753
+#: freeculture.xml:1800 freeculture.xml:1955 freeculture.xml:6757
 msgid "Kodak cameras"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2742,7 +2742,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1904 freeculture.xml:9682
+#: freeculture.xml:1904 freeculture.xml:9686
 msgid "images, ownership of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2813,7 +2813,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1956 freeculture.xml:9923
+#: freeculture.xml:1956 freeculture.xml:9927
 msgid "Napster"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2851,7 +2851,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1995 freeculture.xml:6752
+#: freeculture.xml:1995 freeculture.xml:6756
 msgid "digital cameras"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2949,22 +2949,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2049 freeculture.xml:2601 freeculture.xml:6748 freeculture.xml:7720 freeculture.xml:8817 freeculture.xml:8864
+#: freeculture.xml:2049 freeculture.xml:2601 freeculture.xml:6752 freeculture.xml:7724 freeculture.xml:8821 freeculture.xml:8868
 msgid "advertising"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2050 freeculture.xml:6750
+#: freeculture.xml:2050 freeculture.xml:6754
 msgid "commercials"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2051 freeculture.xml:6749 freeculture.xml:15261
+#: freeculture.xml:2051 freeculture.xml:6753 freeculture.xml:15265
 msgid "television"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2051 freeculture.xml:6749
+#: freeculture.xml:2051 freeculture.xml:6753
 msgid "advertising on"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3116,7 +3116,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f31 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2165 freeculture.xml:4047 freeculture.xml:5216 freeculture.xml:8706
+#: freeculture.xml:2165 freeculture.xml:4047 freeculture.xml:5220 freeculture.xml:8710
 msgid "Ibid."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3234,7 +3234,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2264 freeculture.xml:2323 freeculture.xml:6044
+#: freeculture.xml:2264 freeculture.xml:2323 freeculture.xml:6048
 msgid "September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3244,7 +3244,7 @@ msgid "World Trade Center"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2266 freeculture.xml:5964
+#: freeculture.xml:2266 freeculture.xml:5968
 msgid "news coverage"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3274,7 +3274,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2287 freeculture.xml:8645 freeculture.xml:8858
+#: freeculture.xml:2287 freeculture.xml:8649 freeculture.xml:8862
 msgid "ABC"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3621,7 +3621,7 @@ msgid "CNN"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2507 freeculture.xml:2556 freeculture.xml:5908
+#: freeculture.xml:2507 freeculture.xml:2556 freeculture.xml:5912
 msgid "Iraq war"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3732,7 +3732,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2600 freeculture.xml:6739
+#: freeculture.xml:2600 freeculture.xml:6743
 msgid "Brown, John Seely"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3904,7 +3904,7 @@ msgid "CHAPTER THREE: Catalogs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2725 freeculture.xml:2769 freeculture.xml:9597
+#: freeculture.xml:2725 freeculture.xml:2769 freeculture.xml:9601
 msgid "Jordan, Jesse"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3991,7 +3991,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2770 freeculture.xml:3687 freeculture.xml:3689 freeculture.xml:3690 freeculture.xml:5500 freeculture.xml:8181 freeculture.xml:13512 freeculture.xml:13581
+#: freeculture.xml:2770 freeculture.xml:3687 freeculture.xml:3689 freeculture.xml:3690 freeculture.xml:5504 freeculture.xml:8185 freeculture.xml:13516 freeculture.xml:13585
 msgid "Microsoft"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4069,7 +4069,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2828 freeculture.xml:9595 freeculture.xml:9872
+#: freeculture.xml:2828 freeculture.xml:9599 freeculture.xml:9876
 msgid "in recording industry"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4079,22 +4079,22 @@ msgid "against student file sharing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2830 freeculture.xml:2928 freeculture.xml:3181 freeculture.xml:3310 freeculture.xml:4255 freeculture.xml:4256 freeculture.xml:4257 freeculture.xml:9873 freeculture.xml:10284 freeculture.xml:10285 freeculture.xml:10286 freeculture.xml:10442
+#: freeculture.xml:2830 freeculture.xml:2928 freeculture.xml:3181 freeculture.xml:3310 freeculture.xml:4259 freeculture.xml:4260 freeculture.xml:4261 freeculture.xml:9877 freeculture.xml:10288 freeculture.xml:10289 freeculture.xml:10290 freeculture.xml:10446
 msgid "recording industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2830 freeculture.xml:9873
+#: freeculture.xml:2830 freeculture.xml:9877
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2831 freeculture.xml:2860 freeculture.xml:2929 freeculture.xml:9874 freeculture.xml:10287 freeculture.xml:10288 freeculture.xml:10440
+#: freeculture.xml:2831 freeculture.xml:2860 freeculture.xml:2929 freeculture.xml:9878 freeculture.xml:10291 freeculture.xml:10292 freeculture.xml:10444
 msgid "Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2831 freeculture.xml:9874
+#: freeculture.xml:2831 freeculture.xml:9878
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits filed by"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4125,7 +4125,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2856 freeculture.xml:9594 freeculture.xml:9871
+#: freeculture.xml:2856 freeculture.xml:9598 freeculture.xml:9875
 msgid "exaggerated claims of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4251,22 +4251,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2927 freeculture.xml:3311 freeculture.xml:4248 freeculture.xml:5509 freeculture.xml:5558 freeculture.xml:10182 freeculture.xml:10280 freeculture.xml:10441 freeculture.xml:10464 freeculture.xml:15162 freeculture.xml:15227
+#: freeculture.xml:2927 freeculture.xml:3311 freeculture.xml:4252 freeculture.xml:5513 freeculture.xml:5562 freeculture.xml:10186 freeculture.xml:10284 freeculture.xml:10445 freeculture.xml:10468 freeculture.xml:15166 freeculture.xml:15231
 msgid "artists"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2927 freeculture.xml:3311 freeculture.xml:4248 freeculture.xml:10182 freeculture.xml:10280 freeculture.xml:10441 freeculture.xml:10464 freeculture.xml:15162 freeculture.xml:15227
+#: freeculture.xml:2927 freeculture.xml:3311 freeculture.xml:4252 freeculture.xml:10186 freeculture.xml:10284 freeculture.xml:10445 freeculture.xml:10468 freeculture.xml:15166 freeculture.xml:15231
 msgid "recording industry payments to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2928 freeculture.xml:4255 freeculture.xml:10284 freeculture.xml:10442
+#: freeculture.xml:2928 freeculture.xml:4259 freeculture.xml:10288 freeculture.xml:10446
 msgid "artist remuneration in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2929 freeculture.xml:10288
+#: freeculture.xml:2929 freeculture.xml:10292
 msgid "lobbying power of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4407,12 +4407,12 @@ msgid "General Film Company"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3032 freeculture.xml:3329 freeculture.xml:4481 freeculture.xml:10330
+#: freeculture.xml:3032 freeculture.xml:3329 freeculture.xml:4485 freeculture.xml:10334
 msgid "Picker, Randal C."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3056 freeculture.xml:4480 freeculture.xml:10050 freeculture.xml:10163
+#: freeculture.xml:3056 freeculture.xml:4484 freeculture.xml:10054 freeculture.xml:10167
 msgid "broadcast flag"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4488,7 +4488,7 @@ msgid "Recorded Music"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3089 freeculture.xml:4252
+#: freeculture.xml:3089 freeculture.xml:4256
 msgid "on music recordings"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4636,22 +4636,22 @@ msgid "player pianos"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3178 freeculture.xml:3179 freeculture.xml:4250 freeculture.xml:4251 freeculture.xml:4334 freeculture.xml:4335 freeculture.xml:6951 freeculture.xml:7040 freeculture.xml:7154 freeculture.xml:7155 freeculture.xml:10281 freeculture.xml:10282 freeculture.xml:10283 freeculture.xml:11061 freeculture.xml:11122 freeculture.xml:12059
+#: freeculture.xml:3178 freeculture.xml:3179 freeculture.xml:4254 freeculture.xml:4255 freeculture.xml:4338 freeculture.xml:4339 freeculture.xml:6955 freeculture.xml:7044 freeculture.xml:7158 freeculture.xml:7159 freeculture.xml:10285 freeculture.xml:10286 freeculture.xml:10287 freeculture.xml:11065 freeculture.xml:11126 freeculture.xml:12063
 msgid "Congress, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3178 freeculture.xml:4250 freeculture.xml:4334 freeculture.xml:7040 freeculture.xml:7154 freeculture.xml:10281
+#: freeculture.xml:3178 freeculture.xml:4254 freeculture.xml:4338 freeculture.xml:7044 freeculture.xml:7158 freeculture.xml:10285
 msgid "on copyright laws"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3179 freeculture.xml:4251 freeculture.xml:10283
+#: freeculture.xml:3179 freeculture.xml:4255 freeculture.xml:10287
 msgid "on recording industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3180 freeculture.xml:4253 freeculture.xml:10109
+#: freeculture.xml:3180 freeculture.xml:4257 freeculture.xml:10113
 msgid "statutory licenses in"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4722,7 +4722,7 @@ msgid "compulsory license"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3224 freeculture.xml:4258 freeculture.xml:10108
+#: freeculture.xml:3224 freeculture.xml:4262 freeculture.xml:10112
 msgid "statutory licenses"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4738,7 +4738,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3233 freeculture.xml:14858
+#: freeculture.xml:3233 freeculture.xml:14862
 msgid "Grisham, John"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4823,12 +4823,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:3309 freeculture.xml:4445
+#: freeculture.xml:3309 freeculture.xml:4449
 msgid "Radio"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3310 freeculture.xml:4257 freeculture.xml:10285
+#: freeculture.xml:3310 freeculture.xml:4261 freeculture.xml:10289
 msgid "radio broadcast and"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4871,7 +4871,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3346 freeculture.xml:9351 freeculture.xml:9826 freeculture.xml:12907
+#: freeculture.xml:3346 freeculture.xml:9355 freeculture.xml:9830 freeculture.xml:12911
 msgid "Lovett, Lyle"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4902,7 +4902,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3358 freeculture.xml:3865 freeculture.xml:6465 freeculture.xml:6481
+#: freeculture.xml:3358 freeculture.xml:3865 freeculture.xml:6469 freeculture.xml:6485
 msgid "Madonna"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4939,12 +4939,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:3388 freeculture.xml:4451
+#: freeculture.xml:3388 freeculture.xml:4455
 msgid "Cable TV"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3389 freeculture.xml:4272 freeculture.xml:8542 freeculture.xml:8581 freeculture.xml:15260
+#: freeculture.xml:3389 freeculture.xml:4276 freeculture.xml:8546 freeculture.xml:8585 freeculture.xml:15264
 msgid "cable television"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5188,12 +5188,12 @@ msgid "Piracy I"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3552 freeculture.xml:3632 freeculture.xml:3682 freeculture.xml:15262
+#: freeculture.xml:3552 freeculture.xml:3632 freeculture.xml:3682 freeculture.xml:15266
 msgid "Asia, commercial piracy in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3553 freeculture.xml:4000 freeculture.xml:9827 freeculture.xml:10682 freeculture.xml:14653 freeculture.xml:15244
+#: freeculture.xml:3553 freeculture.xml:4000 freeculture.xml:9831 freeculture.xml:10686 freeculture.xml:14657 freeculture.xml:15248
 msgid "CDs"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5275,7 +5275,7 @@ msgid "agricultural patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3626 freeculture.xml:13199 freeculture.xml:13690 freeculture.xml:13697
+#: freeculture.xml:3626 freeculture.xml:13203 freeculture.xml:13694 freeculture.xml:13701
 msgid "Drahos, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5312,7 +5312,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3647 freeculture.xml:3921 freeculture.xml:15410
+#: freeculture.xml:3647 freeculture.xml:3921 freeculture.xml:15414
 msgid "Liebowitz, Stan"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5375,22 +5375,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3683 freeculture.xml:15263
+#: freeculture.xml:3683 freeculture.xml:15267
 msgid "in Asia"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3684 freeculture.xml:13510 freeculture.xml:14096
+#: freeculture.xml:3684 freeculture.xml:13514 freeculture.xml:14100
 msgid "free software/open-source software (FS/OSS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3685 freeculture.xml:3715 freeculture.xml:11991 freeculture.xml:13525 freeculture.xml:14152
+#: freeculture.xml:3685 freeculture.xml:3715 freeculture.xml:11995 freeculture.xml:13529 freeculture.xml:14156
 msgid "GNU/Linux operating system"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3686 freeculture.xml:3716 freeculture.xml:11993 freeculture.xml:13526 freeculture.xml:14153
+#: freeculture.xml:3686 freeculture.xml:3716 freeculture.xml:11997 freeculture.xml:13530 freeculture.xml:14157
 msgid "Linux operating system"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5431,12 +5431,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3704 freeculture.xml:4738 freeculture.xml:4962 freeculture.xml:6449 freeculture.xml:6525 freeculture.xml:6658 freeculture.xml:7069 freeculture.xml:14184
+#: freeculture.xml:3704 freeculture.xml:4742 freeculture.xml:4966 freeculture.xml:6453 freeculture.xml:6529 freeculture.xml:6662 freeculture.xml:7073 freeculture.xml:14188
 msgid "law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3704 freeculture.xml:14184
+#: freeculture.xml:3704 freeculture.xml:14188
 msgid "databases of case reports in"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5552,7 +5552,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3782 freeculture.xml:3790 freeculture.xml:9757
+#: freeculture.xml:3782 freeculture.xml:3790 freeculture.xml:9761
 msgid "innovation"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5562,7 +5562,7 @@ msgid "Fanning, Shawn"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3800 freeculture.xml:8775
+#: freeculture.xml:3800 freeculture.xml:8779
 msgid "Christensen, Clayton M."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5767,12 +5767,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3938 freeculture.xml:3947 freeculture.xml:4304 freeculture.xml:8341 freeculture.xml:8370 freeculture.xml:10106 freeculture.xml:14970
+#: freeculture.xml:3938 freeculture.xml:3947 freeculture.xml:4308 freeculture.xml:8345 freeculture.xml:8374 freeculture.xml:10110 freeculture.xml:14974
 msgid "cassette recording"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3938 freeculture.xml:4304 freeculture.xml:8341 freeculture.xml:8370 freeculture.xml:10106 freeculture.xml:10107 freeculture.xml:14970 freeculture.xml:14971
+#: freeculture.xml:3938 freeculture.xml:4308 freeculture.xml:8345 freeculture.xml:8374 freeculture.xml:10110 freeculture.xml:10111 freeculture.xml:14974 freeculture.xml:14975
 msgid "VCRs"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5987,12 +5987,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4102 freeculture.xml:4110 freeculture.xml:4132 freeculture.xml:4154 freeculture.xml:4662 freeculture.xml:6119 freeculture.xml:6124 freeculture.xml:6176 freeculture.xml:7140 freeculture.xml:7141 freeculture.xml:7527 freeculture.xml:7601 freeculture.xml:7885 freeculture.xml:14356 freeculture.xml:15082 freeculture.xml:15083
+#: freeculture.xml:4102 freeculture.xml:4110 freeculture.xml:4131 freeculture.xml:4155 freeculture.xml:4666 freeculture.xml:6123 freeculture.xml:6128 freeculture.xml:6180 freeculture.xml:7144 freeculture.xml:7145 freeculture.xml:7531 freeculture.xml:7605 freeculture.xml:7889 freeculture.xml:14360 freeculture.xml:15086 freeculture.xml:15087
 msgid "books"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4102 freeculture.xml:4110 freeculture.xml:7140 freeculture.xml:15083
+#: freeculture.xml:4102 freeculture.xml:4110 freeculture.xml:7144 freeculture.xml:15087
 msgid "resales of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -6025,18 +6025,23 @@ msgid ""
 "they don't have to pay the copyright owner for the content they sell."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4131 freeculture.xml:6123 freeculture.xml:6128 freeculture.xml:7145 freeculture.xml:15086
+msgid "out of print"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4131
+#: freeculture.xml:4132
 msgid "Bernstein, Leonard"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4132 freeculture.xml:6119 freeculture.xml:6124 freeculture.xml:7141 freeculture.xml:15082
-msgid "out of print"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4133 freeculture.xml:7606
+msgid "books on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4134
+#: freeculture.xml:4135
 msgid ""
 "Type C sharing, then, is very much like used book stores or used record "
 "stores. It is different, of course, because the person making the content "
@@ -6052,7 +6057,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4147
+#: freeculture.xml:4148
 msgid ""
 "It may well be, all things considered, that it would be better if the "
 "copyright owner got something from this trade. But just because it may well "
@@ -6063,13 +6068,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4154 freeculture.xml:14356
+#: freeculture.xml:4155 freeculture.xml:14360
 msgid "free on-line releases of"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4156
+msgid "Doctorow, Cory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4157
+msgid "Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom (Doctorow)"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 86 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4156
+#: freeculture.xml:4159
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and perhaps most importantly, file-sharing networks enable type D "
 "sharing to occur&mdash;the sharing of content that copyright owners want to "
@@ -6087,7 +6102,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4174
+#: freeculture.xml:4177
 msgid ""
 "Likewise for work in the public domain: This sharing benefits society with "
 "no legal harm to authors at all. If efforts to solve the problem of type A "
@@ -6096,7 +6111,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4180
+#: freeculture.xml:4183
 msgid ""
 "The point throughout is this: While the recording industry understandably "
 "says, <quote>This is how much we've lost,</quote> we must also ask, "
@@ -6106,7 +6121,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4187
+#: freeculture.xml:4191
 msgid ""
 "For unlike the piracy I described in the first section of this chapter, much "
 "of the <quote>piracy</quote> that file sharing enables is plainly legal and "
@@ -6122,7 +6137,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4201
+#: freeculture.xml:4205
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But isn't the war just a war against illegal sharing? Isn't the "
 "target just what you call type A sharing?</quote>"
@@ -6130,7 +6145,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4218
+#: freeculture.xml:4222
 msgid ""
 "See Transcript of Proceedings, In Re: Napster Copyright Litigation at 34- 35 "
 "(N.D. Cal., 11 July 2001), nos. MDL-00-1369 MHP, C 99-5183 MHP, available at "
@@ -6141,7 +6156,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4205
+#: freeculture.xml:4209
 msgid ""
 "You would think. And we should hope. But so far, it is not. The effect of "
 "the war purportedly on type A sharing alone has been felt far beyond that "
@@ -6154,7 +6169,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4229
+#: freeculture.xml:4233
 msgid ""
 "If 99.4 percent is not good enough, then this is a war on file-sharing "
 "technologies, not a war on copyright infringement. There is no way to assure "
@@ -6168,7 +6183,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4240
+#: freeculture.xml:4244
 msgid ""
 "Zero tolerance has not been our history. It has not produced the content "
 "industry that we know today. The history of American law has been a process "
@@ -6180,27 +6195,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4249
+#: freeculture.xml:4253
 msgid "composers, copyright protections of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4254
+#: freeculture.xml:4258
 msgid "music recordings played on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4256
+#: freeculture.xml:4260
 msgid "copyright protections in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4259
+#: freeculture.xml:4263
 msgid "composer's rights vs. producers' rights in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4261
+#: freeculture.xml:4265
 msgid ""
 "So, as we've seen, when <quote>mechanical reproduction</quote> threatened "
 "the interests of composers, Congress balanced the rights of composers "
@@ -6214,7 +6229,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4274
+#: freeculture.xml:4278
 msgid ""
 "Cable TV followed the pattern of record albums. When the courts rejected the "
 "claim that cable broadcasters had to pay for the content they rebroadcast, "
@@ -6225,7 +6240,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 88 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4285
+#: freeculture.xml:4289
 msgid ""
 "This compromise, like the compromise affecting records and player pianos, "
 "served two important goals&mdash;indeed, the two central goals of any "
@@ -6243,12 +6258,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4303
+#: freeculture.xml:4307
 msgid "Betamax"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4306
+#: freeculture.xml:4310
 msgid ""
 "In the same year that Congress struck this balance, two major producers and "
 "distributors of film content filed a lawsuit against another technology, the "
@@ -6265,7 +6280,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 89 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4320
+#: freeculture.xml:4324
 msgid ""
 "There was something to Disney's and Universal's claim. Sony did decide to "
 "design its machine to make it very simple to record television shows. It "
@@ -6281,13 +6296,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4335
+#: freeculture.xml:4339
 msgid "on VCR technology"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4344
+#: freeculture.xml:4348
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders): Hearing on S. 1758 "
 "Before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 97th Cong., 1st and 2nd sess., "
@@ -6297,13 +6312,13 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4356
+#: freeculture.xml:4360
 msgid "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 475."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4361
+#: freeculture.xml:4365
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony "
 "Corp. of America</citetitle>, 480 F. Supp. 429, (C.D. Cal., 1979)."
@@ -6311,14 +6326,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4372
+#: freeculture.xml:4376
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 485 (testimony of Jack "
 "Valenti)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4337
+#: freeculture.xml:4341
 msgid ""
 "MPAA president Jack Valenti became the studios' most vocal champion. Valenti "
 "called VCRs <quote>tapeworms.</quote> He warned, <quote>When there are 20, "
@@ -6345,19 +6360,19 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4389
+#: freeculture.xml:4393
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony "
 "Corp. of America</citetitle>, 659 F. 2d 963 (9th Cir.  1981)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4392
+#: freeculture.xml:4396
 msgid "Kozinski, Alex"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4377
+#: freeculture.xml:4381
 msgid ""
 "It took eight years for this case to be resolved by the Supreme Court. In "
 "the interim, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which includes Hollywood in "
@@ -6374,7 +6389,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 90 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4395
+#: freeculture.xml:4399
 msgid ""
 "But the Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Ninth Circuit.  And in "
 "its reversal, the Court clearly articulated its understanding of when and "
@@ -6383,14 +6398,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f23 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4414
+#: freeculture.xml:4418
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
 "Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, 431 (1984)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4404
+#: freeculture.xml:4408
 msgid ""
 "Sound policy, as well as history, supports our consistent deference to "
 "Congress when major technological innovations alter the market for "
@@ -6401,7 +6416,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4420
+#: freeculture.xml:4424
 msgid ""
 "Congress was asked to respond to the Supreme Court's decision.  But as with "
 "the plea of recording artists about radio broadcasts, Congress ignored the "
@@ -6411,77 +6426,77 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4431
+#: freeculture.xml:4435
 msgid "CASE"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4432
+#: freeculture.xml:4436
 msgid "WHOSE VALUE WAS <quote>PIRATED</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4433
+#: freeculture.xml:4437
 msgid "RESPONSE OF THE COURTS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4434
+#: freeculture.xml:4438
 msgid "RESPONSE OF CONGRESS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4439
+#: freeculture.xml:4443
 msgid "Recordings"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4440
+#: freeculture.xml:4444
 msgid "Composers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4441 freeculture.xml:4453 freeculture.xml:4459
+#: freeculture.xml:4445 freeculture.xml:4457 freeculture.xml:4463
 msgid "No protection"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4442 freeculture.xml:4454
+#: freeculture.xml:4446 freeculture.xml:4458
 msgid "Statutory license"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4446
+#: freeculture.xml:4450
 msgid "Recording artists"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4447
+#: freeculture.xml:4451
 msgid "N/A"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4448 freeculture.xml:4460
+#: freeculture.xml:4452 freeculture.xml:4464
 msgid "Nothing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4452
+#: freeculture.xml:4456
 msgid "Broadcasters"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4457
+#: freeculture.xml:4461
 msgid "VCR"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4458
+#: freeculture.xml:4462
 msgid "Film creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4470
+#: freeculture.xml:4474
 msgid ""
 "These are the most important instances in our history, but there are other "
 "cases as well. The technology of digital audio tape (DAT), for example, was "
@@ -6498,7 +6513,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4467
+#: freeculture.xml:4471
 msgid ""
 "In each case throughout our history, a new technology changed the way "
 "content was distributed.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In each "
@@ -6508,7 +6523,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 91 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4488
+#: freeculture.xml:4492
 msgid ""
 "In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these cases did either the courts or "
 "Congress eliminate all free riding. In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these "
@@ -6522,7 +6537,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4501
+#: freeculture.xml:4505
 msgid ""
 "When you think across these examples, and the other examples that make up "
 "the first four chapters of this section, this balance makes sense. Was Walt "
@@ -6535,20 +6550,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4512
+#: freeculture.xml:4516
 msgid "on balance of interests in copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f25 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4519
+#: freeculture.xml:4523
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
 "Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, (1984)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4514
+#: freeculture.xml:4518
 msgid ""
 "We could answer yes to each of these questions, but our tradition has "
 "answered no. In our tradition, as the Supreme Court has stated, copyright "
@@ -6562,7 +6577,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4530
+#: freeculture.xml:4534
 msgid ""
 "We should be doing the same thing today. The technology of the Internet is "
 "changing quickly. The way people connect to the Internet (wires "
@@ -6579,7 +6594,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f26 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4554
+#: freeculture.xml:4558
 msgid ""
 "John Schwartz, <quote>New Economy: The Attack on Peer-to-Peer Software "
 "Echoes Past Efforts,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 22 "
@@ -6587,7 +6602,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4546
+#: freeculture.xml:4550
 msgid ""
 "This is especially true when a new technology enables a vastly superior mode "
 "of distribution. And this p2p has done. P2p technologies can be ideally "
@@ -6599,7 +6614,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4559
+#: freeculture.xml:4563
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Yet when anyone</emphasis> begins to talk about "
 "<quote>balance,</quote> the copyright warriors raise a different "
@@ -6613,7 +6628,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4571
+#: freeculture.xml:4575
 msgid ""
 "<quote>It is <emphasis>our property</emphasis>,</quote> the warriors "
 "insist. <quote>And it should be protected just as any other property is "
@@ -6621,13 +6636,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:4580
+#: freeculture.xml:4584
 msgid "<quote>PROPERTY</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 94 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4585
+#: freeculture.xml:4589
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The copyright warriors</emphasis> are right: A "
 "copyright is a kind of property. It can be owned and sold, and the law "
@@ -6637,7 +6652,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4592
+#: freeculture.xml:4596
 msgid ""
 "But in ordinary language, to call a copyright a <quote>property</quote> "
 "right is a bit misleading, for the property of copyright is an odd kind of "
@@ -6651,13 +6666,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4603 freeculture.xml:6410 freeculture.xml:14343
+#: freeculture.xml:4607 freeculture.xml:6414 freeculture.xml:14347
 msgid "Jefferson, Thomas"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4618
+#: freeculture.xml:4622
 msgid ""
 "Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson (13 August 1813) in "
 "<citetitle>The Writings of Thomas Jefferson</citetitle>, vol. 6 (Andrew "
@@ -6665,7 +6680,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4605
+#: freeculture.xml:4609
 msgid ""
 "The point is not just about the thingness of picnic tables versus ideas, "
 "though that's an important difference. The point instead is that in the "
@@ -6681,12 +6696,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4623
+#: freeculture.xml:4627
 msgid "intangibility of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4625
+#: freeculture.xml:4629
 msgid ""
 "The exceptions to free use are ideas and expressions within the reach of the "
 "law of patent and copyright, and a few other domains that I won't discuss "
@@ -6696,7 +6711,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4638
+#: freeculture.xml:4642
 msgid ""
 "As the legal realists taught American law, all property rights are "
 "intangible.  A property right is simply a right that an individual has "
@@ -6708,7 +6723,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4633
+#: freeculture.xml:4637
 msgid ""
 "But how, and to what extent, and in what form&mdash;the details, in other "
 "words&mdash;matter. To get a good sense of how this practice of turning the "
@@ -6718,7 +6733,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4648
+#: freeculture.xml:4652
 msgid ""
 "My strategy in doing this will be the same as my strategy in the preceding "
 "part. I offer four stories to help put the idea of <quote>copyright material "
@@ -6731,47 +6746,47 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:4661
+#: freeculture.xml:4665
 msgid "CHAPTER SIX: Founders"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4662
+#: freeculture.xml:4666
 msgid "English copyright law developed for"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4665
+#: freeculture.xml:4669
 msgid "England, copyright laws developed in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4666 freeculture.xml:13884
+#: freeculture.xml:4670 freeculture.xml:13888
 msgid "United Kingdom"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4666
+#: freeculture.xml:4670
 msgid "history of copyright law in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4667 freeculture.xml:4837
+#: freeculture.xml:4671 freeculture.xml:4841
 msgid "Branagh, Kenneth"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4668
+#: freeculture.xml:4672
 msgid "Henry V"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4670 freeculture.xml:4802
+#: freeculture.xml:4674 freeculture.xml:4806
 msgid "Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4672
+#: freeculture.xml:4676
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>William Shakespeare</emphasis> wrote "
 "<citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> in 1595. The play was first "
@@ -6785,27 +6800,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4683 freeculture.xml:4767 freeculture.xml:4876 freeculture.xml:5009
+#: freeculture.xml:4687 freeculture.xml:4771 freeculture.xml:4880 freeculture.xml:5013
 msgid "Conger"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4684
+#: freeculture.xml:4688
 msgid "Tonson, Jacob"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4690
+#: freeculture.xml:4694
 msgid "Jonson, Ben"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4691
+#: freeculture.xml:4695
 msgid "Dryden, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4690
+#: freeculture.xml:4694
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with "
@@ -6820,7 +6835,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4703
+#: freeculture.xml:4707
 msgid ""
 "Lyman Ray Patterson, <citetitle>Copyright in Historical "
 "Perspective</citetitle> (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), "
@@ -6829,7 +6844,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 97 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4686
+#: freeculture.xml:4690
 msgid ""
 "In 1774, almost 180 years after <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> was "
 "written, the <quote>copy-right</quote> for the work was still thought by "
@@ -6845,22 +6860,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4715 freeculture.xml:4768 freeculture.xml:4908 freeculture.xml:5089 freeculture.xml:5245
+#: freeculture.xml:4719 freeculture.xml:4772 freeculture.xml:4912 freeculture.xml:5093 freeculture.xml:5249
 msgid "British Parliament"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4717 freeculture.xml:7078
+#: freeculture.xml:4721 freeculture.xml:7082
 msgid "renewability of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4718 freeculture.xml:4770 freeculture.xml:4814 freeculture.xml:4921 freeculture.xml:5008 freeculture.xml:7068
+#: freeculture.xml:4722 freeculture.xml:4774 freeculture.xml:4818 freeculture.xml:4925 freeculture.xml:5012 freeculture.xml:7072
 msgid "Statute of Anne (1710)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4729
+#: freeculture.xml:4733
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> As Siva Vaidhyanathan nicely "
 "argues, it is erroneous to call this a <quote>copyright law.</quote> See "
@@ -6868,7 +6883,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4720
+#: freeculture.xml:4724
 msgid ""
 "Now, there's something puzzling about the year 1774 to anyone who knows a "
 "little about copyright law. The better-known year in the history of "
@@ -6883,22 +6898,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4738 freeculture.xml:4962
+#: freeculture.xml:4742 freeculture.xml:4966
 msgid "common vs. positive"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4739 freeculture.xml:4963
+#: freeculture.xml:4743 freeculture.xml:4967
 msgid "positive law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4740
+#: freeculture.xml:4744
 msgid "Licensing Act (1662)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4742
+#: freeculture.xml:4746
 msgid ""
 "The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a "
 "<quote>copyright</quote> was&mdash;indeed, no one had. At the time the "
@@ -6911,12 +6926,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4753 freeculture.xml:4961 freeculture.xml:5032 freeculture.xml:5132
+#: freeculture.xml:4757 freeculture.xml:4965 freeculture.xml:5036 freeculture.xml:5136
 msgid "common law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4755
+#: freeculture.xml:4759
 msgid ""
 "There was no <emphasis>positive</emphasis> law, but that didn't mean that "
 "there was no law. The Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the words "
@@ -6931,13 +6946,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4769 freeculture.xml:4998 freeculture.xml:5106 freeculture.xml:5184
+#: freeculture.xml:4773 freeculture.xml:5002 freeculture.xml:5110 freeculture.xml:5188
 msgid "Scottish publishers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 98 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4772
+#: freeculture.xml:4776
 msgid ""
 "This question was important to the publishers, or "
 "<quote>booksellers,</quote> as they were called, because there was growing "
@@ -6949,12 +6964,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4783
+#: freeculture.xml:4787
 msgid "as narrow monopoly right"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4785
+#: freeculture.xml:4789
 msgid ""
 "The Statute of Anne granted the author or <quote>proprietor</quote> of a "
 "book an exclusive right to print that book. In an important limitation, "
@@ -6965,7 +6980,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4795
+#: freeculture.xml:4799
 msgid ""
 "Now, the thing to puzzle about for a moment is this: Why would Parliament "
 "limit the exclusive right? Not why would they limit it to the particular "
@@ -6974,7 +6989,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4804
+#: freeculture.xml:4808
 msgid ""
 "For the booksellers, and the authors whom they represented, had a very "
 "strong claim. Take <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> as an example: "
@@ -6988,7 +7003,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4816
+#: freeculture.xml:4820
 msgid ""
 "The answer comes in two parts. We first need to see something special about "
 "the notion of <quote>copyright</quote> that existed at the time of the "
@@ -6997,13 +7012,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4821 freeculture.xml:7593 freeculture.xml:7760
+#: freeculture.xml:4825 freeculture.xml:7597 freeculture.xml:7764
 msgid "usage restrictions attached to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 99 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4823
+#: freeculture.xml:4827
 msgid ""
 "First, about copyright. In the last three hundred years, we have come to "
 "apply the concept of <quote>copyright</quote> ever more broadly. But in "
@@ -7019,7 +7034,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4840
+#: freeculture.xml:4844
 msgid ""
 "So, for example, even if the copyright to Shakespeare's works were "
 "perpetual, all that would have meant under the original meaning of the term "
@@ -7032,22 +7047,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4849
+#: freeculture.xml:4853
 msgid "Henry VIII, King of England"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4850
+#: freeculture.xml:4854
 msgid "monopoly, copyright as"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4851
+#: freeculture.xml:4855
 msgid "Statute of Monopolies (1656)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4853
+#: freeculture.xml:4857
 msgid ""
 "Even that limited right was viewed with skepticism by the British.  They had "
 "had a long and ugly experience with <quote>exclusive rights,</quote> "
@@ -7062,7 +7077,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4866
+#: freeculture.xml:4870
 msgid ""
 "Thus the <quote>copy-right,</quote> when viewed as a monopoly right, was "
 "naturally viewed as a right that should be limited. (However convincing the "
@@ -7074,25 +7089,25 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4874 freeculture.xml:5167
+#: freeculture.xml:4878 freeculture.xml:5171
 msgid "Milton, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4875
+#: freeculture.xml:4879
 msgid "booksellers, English"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4894
+#: freeculture.xml:4898
 msgid ""
 "Philip Wittenberg, <citetitle>The Protection and Marketing of Literary "
 "Property</citetitle> (New York: J. Messner, Inc., 1937), 31."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4879
+#: freeculture.xml:4883
 msgid ""
 "Second, about booksellers. It wasn't just that the copyright was a "
 "monopoly. It was also that it was a monopoly held by the booksellers.  "
@@ -7108,17 +7123,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4898
+#: freeculture.xml:4902
 msgid "Enlightenment"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4899
+#: freeculture.xml:4903
 msgid "knowledge, freedom of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4901
+#: freeculture.xml:4905
 msgid ""
 "Many believed the power the booksellers exercised over the spread of "
 "knowledge was harming that spread, just at the time the Enlightenment was "
@@ -7128,7 +7143,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4910
+#: freeculture.xml:4914
 msgid ""
 "To balance this power, Parliament decided to increase competition among "
 "booksellers, and the simplest way to do that was to spread the wealth of "
@@ -7142,12 +7157,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4923 freeculture.xml:5058 freeculture.xml:5152 freeculture.xml:11086
+#: freeculture.xml:4927 freeculture.xml:5062 freeculture.xml:5156 freeculture.xml:11090
 msgid "in perpetuity"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4925
+#: freeculture.xml:4929
 msgid ""
 "When 1731 (1710 + 21) came along, however, the booksellers were getting "
 "anxious. They saw the consequences of more competition, and like every "
@@ -7159,7 +7174,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4934
+#: freeculture.xml:4938
 msgid ""
 "Parliament rejected their requests. As one pamphleteer put it, in words that "
 "echo today,"
@@ -7167,7 +7182,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4949
+#: freeculture.xml:4953
 msgid ""
 "A Letter to a Member of Parliament concerning the Bill now depending in the "
 "House of Commons, for making more effectual an Act in the Eighth Year of the "
@@ -7179,7 +7194,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4939
+#: freeculture.xml:4943
 msgid ""
 "I see no Reason for granting a further Term now, which will not hold as well "
 "for granting it again and again, as often as the Old ones Expire; so that "
@@ -7191,7 +7206,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4965
+#: freeculture.xml:4969
 msgid ""
 "Having failed in Parliament, the publishers turned to the courts in a series "
 "of cases. Their argument was simple and direct: The Statute of Anne gave "
@@ -7208,12 +7223,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4987 freeculture.xml:4997 freeculture.xml:5040
+#: freeculture.xml:4991 freeculture.xml:5001 freeculture.xml:5044
 msgid "Patterson, Raymond"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4987
+#: freeculture.xml:4991
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> Lyman Ray Patterson, <quote>Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair "
@@ -7222,7 +7237,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4981
+#: freeculture.xml:4985
 msgid ""
 "This was a clever argument, and one that had the support of some of the "
 "leading jurists of the day. It also displayed extraordinary chutzpah.  Until "
@@ -7234,20 +7249,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4996 freeculture.xml:5105
+#: freeculture.xml:5000 freeculture.xml:5109
 msgid "Donaldson, Alexander"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5004
+#: freeculture.xml:5008
 msgid ""
 "For a compelling account, see David Saunders, <citetitle>Authorship and "
 "Copyright</citetitle> (London: Routledge, 1992), 62&ndash;69."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5000
+#: freeculture.xml:5004
 msgid ""
 "The booksellers' argument was not accepted without a fight.  The hero of "
 "this fight was a Scottish bookseller named Alexander Donaldson.<placeholder "
@@ -7255,22 +7270,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5010
+#: freeculture.xml:5014
 msgid "Boswell, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5011
+#: freeculture.xml:5015
 msgid "Erskine, Andrew"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5020 freeculture.xml:15506
+#: freeculture.xml:5024 freeculture.xml:15510
 msgid "Rose, Mark"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5018
+#: freeculture.xml:5022
 msgid ""
 "Mark Rose, <citetitle>Authors and Owners</citetitle> (Cambridge: Harvard "
 "University Press, 1993), 92.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
@@ -7278,12 +7293,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5029
+#: freeculture.xml:5033
 msgid "Ibid., 93."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5013
+#: freeculture.xml:5017
 msgid ""
 "Donaldson was an outsider to the London Conger. He began his career in "
 "Edinburgh in 1750. The focus of his business was inexpensive reprints "
@@ -7297,7 +7312,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5040
+#: freeculture.xml:5044
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Lyman Ray Patterson, "
 "<citetitle>Copyright in Historical Perspective</citetitle>, 167 (quoting "
@@ -7305,7 +7320,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5034
+#: freeculture.xml:5038
 msgid ""
 "When the London booksellers tried to shut down Donaldson's shop in Scotland, "
 "he responded by moving his shop to London, where he sold inexpensive "
@@ -7317,12 +7332,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5049
+#: freeculture.xml:5053
 msgid "Millar v. Taylor"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5051
+#: freeculture.xml:5055
 msgid ""
 "The London booksellers quickly brought suit to block <quote>piracy</quote> "
 "like Donaldson's. A number of actions were successful against the "
@@ -7331,23 +7346,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5057 freeculture.xml:5111
+#: freeculture.xml:5061 freeculture.xml:5115
 msgid "Thomson, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5059
+#: freeculture.xml:5063
 msgid "Seasons, The (Thomson)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5060
+#: freeculture.xml:5064
 msgid "Taylor, Robert"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5069
+#: freeculture.xml:5073
 msgid ""
 "Howard B. Abrams, <quote>The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
 "Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,</quote> <citetitle>Wayne Law "
@@ -7355,7 +7370,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5062
+#: freeculture.xml:5066
 msgid ""
 "Millar was a bookseller who in 1729 had purchased the rights to James "
 "Thomson's poem <quote>The Seasons.</quote> Millar complied with the "
@@ -7367,7 +7382,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5076
+#: freeculture.xml:5080
 msgid ""
 "Astonishingly to modern lawyers, one of the greatest judges in English "
 "history, Lord Mansfield, agreed with the booksellers. Whatever protection "
@@ -7382,7 +7397,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 103 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5091
+#: freeculture.xml:5095
 msgid ""
 "Considered as a matter of abstract justice&mdash;reasoning as if justice "
 "were just a matter of logical deduction from first "
@@ -7397,35 +7412,35 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5108
+#: freeculture.xml:5112
 msgid ""
 "The fight to defend the limits of the Statute of Anne was not to end there, "
 "however, and it is here that Donaldson enters the mix."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5112
+#: freeculture.xml:5116
 msgid "Beckett, Thomas"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5113 freeculture.xml:5220
+#: freeculture.xml:5117 freeculture.xml:5224
 msgid "House of Lords"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5114
+#: freeculture.xml:5118
 msgid "House of Lords vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5120
+#: freeculture.xml:5124
 msgid "Ibid., 1156."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5116
+#: freeculture.xml:5120
 msgid ""
 "Millar died soon after his victory, so his case was not appealed. His estate "
 "sold Thomson's poems to a syndicate of printers that included Thomas "
@@ -7439,12 +7454,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5131
+#: freeculture.xml:5135
 msgid "Donaldson v. Beckett"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5134
+#: freeculture.xml:5138
 msgid ""
 "As few legal cases ever do, <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> "
 "v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle> drew an enormous amount of attention "
@@ -7457,7 +7472,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5145
+#: freeculture.xml:5149
 msgid ""
 "The House of Lords was an odd institution. Legal questions were presented to "
 "the House and voted upon first by the <quote>law lords,</quote> members of "
@@ -7467,13 +7482,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5153 freeculture.xml:5221
+#: freeculture.xml:5157 freeculture.xml:5225
 msgid "English legal establishment of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 104 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5155
+#: freeculture.xml:5159
 msgid ""
 "The reports about the law lords' votes are mixed. On some counts, it looks "
 "as if perpetual copyright prevailed. But there is no ambiguity about how the "
@@ -7485,22 +7500,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5164
+#: freeculture.xml:5168
 msgid "Bacon, Francis"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5165
+#: freeculture.xml:5169
 msgid "Bunyan, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5166
+#: freeculture.xml:5170
 msgid "Johnson, Samuel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5170
+#: freeculture.xml:5174
 msgid ""
 "<quote>The public domain.</quote> Before the case of "
 "<citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle>, there "
@@ -7514,12 +7529,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5196
+#: freeculture.xml:5200
 msgid "Rose, 97."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5186
+#: freeculture.xml:5190
 msgid ""
 "It is hard for us to imagine, but this decision by the House of Lords fueled "
 "an extraordinarily popular and political reaction. In Scotland, where most "
@@ -7534,7 +7549,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5201
+#: freeculture.xml:5205
 msgid ""
 "In London, however, at least among publishers, the reaction was equally "
 "strong in the opposite direction. The <citetitle>Morning "
@@ -7542,7 +7557,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5207
+#: freeculture.xml:5211
 msgid ""
 "By the above decision &hellip; near 200,000 pounds worth of what was "
 "honestly purchased at public sale, and which was yesterday thought property "
@@ -7556,7 +7571,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 105 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5224
+#: freeculture.xml:5228
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Ruined</quote> is a bit of an exaggeration. But it is not an "
 "exaggeration to say that the change was profound. The decision of the House "
@@ -7579,7 +7594,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5247
+#: freeculture.xml:5251
 msgid ""
 "At least, this was the rule in a world where the Parliament is antimonopoly, "
 "resistant to the protectionist pleas of publishers. In a world where the "
@@ -7587,42 +7602,42 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5264
+#: freeculture.xml:5268
 msgid "CHAPTER SEVEN: Recorders"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5265 freeculture.xml:7562 freeculture.xml:7681 freeculture.xml:7740
+#: freeculture.xml:5269 freeculture.xml:7566 freeculture.xml:7685 freeculture.xml:7744
 msgid "fair use and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5266
+#: freeculture.xml:5270
 msgid "documentary film"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5267
+#: freeculture.xml:5271
 msgid "Else, Jon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5268 freeculture.xml:5415 freeculture.xml:7561 freeculture.xml:7603 freeculture.xml:7680 freeculture.xml:7742
+#: freeculture.xml:5272 freeculture.xml:5419 freeculture.xml:7565 freeculture.xml:7607 freeculture.xml:7684 freeculture.xml:7746
 msgid "fair use"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5268
+#: freeculture.xml:5272
 msgid "in documentary film"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5269
+#: freeculture.xml:5273
 msgid "fair use of copyrighted material in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5271
+#: freeculture.xml:5275
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Jon Else</emphasis> is a filmmaker. He is best known "
 "for his documentaries and has been very successful in spreading his art. He "
@@ -7632,24 +7647,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5278
+#: freeculture.xml:5282
 msgid ""
 "Else worked on a documentary that I was involved in. At a break, he told me "
 "a story about the freedom to create with film in America today."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5282 freeculture.xml:5348
+#: freeculture.xml:5286 freeculture.xml:5352
 msgid "Wagner, Richard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5283 freeculture.xml:5362
+#: freeculture.xml:5287 freeculture.xml:5366
 msgid "San Francisco Opera"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5285
+#: freeculture.xml:5289
 msgid ""
 "In 1990, Else was working on a documentary about Wagner's Ring Cycle. The "
 "focus was stagehands at the San Francisco Opera.  Stagehands are a "
@@ -7659,13 +7674,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5292
+#: freeculture.xml:5296
 msgid "Simpsons, The"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 107 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5294
+#: freeculture.xml:5298
 msgid ""
 "During one of the performances, Else was shooting some stagehands playing "
 "checkers. In one corner of the room was a television set.  Playing on the "
@@ -7676,12 +7691,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5303
+#: freeculture.xml:5307
 msgid "multiple copyrights associated with"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5305
+#: freeculture.xml:5309
 msgid ""
 "Years later, when he finally got funding to complete the film, Else "
 "attempted to clear the rights for those few seconds of <citetitle>The "
@@ -7692,17 +7707,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5311
+#: freeculture.xml:5315
 msgid "Gracie Films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5312 freeculture.xml:5373 freeculture.xml:5437
+#: freeculture.xml:5316 freeculture.xml:5377 freeculture.xml:5441
 msgid "Groening, Matt"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5314
+#: freeculture.xml:5318
 msgid ""
 "Else called <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> creator Matt Groening's office "
 "to get permission.  Groening approved the shot. The shot was a "
@@ -7712,12 +7727,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5320 freeculture.xml:5372 freeculture.xml:5436
+#: freeculture.xml:5324 freeculture.xml:5376 freeculture.xml:5440
 msgid "Fox (film company)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5322
+#: freeculture.xml:5326
 msgid ""
 "Gracie Films was okay with it, too, but they, like Groening, wanted to be "
 "careful. So they told Else to contact Fox, Gracie's parent company.  Else "
@@ -7727,7 +7742,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5330
+#: freeculture.xml:5334
 msgid ""
 "Then, as Else told me, <quote>two things happened. First we discovered "
 "&hellip; that Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation&mdash;or at least "
@@ -7738,12 +7753,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5339
+#: freeculture.xml:5343
 msgid "Herrera, Rebecca"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5341
+#: freeculture.xml:5345
 msgid ""
 "Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he "
 "thought was a vice president for licensing, Rebecca Herrera.  He explained "
@@ -7755,7 +7770,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 108 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5350
+#: freeculture.xml:5354
 msgid ""
 "<quote>I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,</quote> he told "
 "me. <quote>Yes, you have your facts straight,</quote> she said. It would "
@@ -7767,12 +7782,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5363
+#: freeculture.xml:5367
 msgid "Day After Trinity, The"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5365
+#: freeculture.xml:5369
 msgid ""
 "Else didn't have the money to buy the right to replay what was playing on "
 "the television backstage at the San Francisco Opera. To reproduce this "
@@ -7783,7 +7798,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5375
+#: freeculture.xml:5379
 msgid ""
 "There's no doubt that someone, whether Matt Groening or Fox, owns the "
 "copyright to <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>. That copyright is their "
@@ -7797,7 +7812,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5386
+#: freeculture.xml:5390
 msgid ""
 "For example, <quote>public performance</quote> is a use of <citetitle>The "
 "Simpsons</citetitle> that the copyright owner gets to control. If you take a "
@@ -7810,7 +7825,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5398
+#: freeculture.xml:5402
 msgid ""
 "For an excellent argument that such use is <quote>fair use,</quote> but that "
 "lawyers don't permit recognition that it is <quote>fair use,</quote> see "
@@ -7820,7 +7835,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5395
+#: freeculture.xml:5399
 msgid ""
 "But when lawyers hear this story about Jon Else and Fox, their first thought "
 "is <quote>fair use.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's "
@@ -7832,19 +7847,19 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 109 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5412
+#: freeculture.xml:5416
 msgid ""
 "So I asked Else why he didn't just rely upon <quote>fair use.</quote> Here's "
 "his reply:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5415 freeculture.xml:7742
+#: freeculture.xml:5419 freeculture.xml:7746
 msgid "legal intimidation tactics against"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5417
+#: freeculture.xml:5421
 msgid ""
 "The <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> fiasco was for me a great lesson in the "
 "gulf between what lawyers find irrelevant in some abstract sense, and what "
@@ -7855,13 +7870,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5426
+#: freeculture.xml:5430
 msgid "Errors and Omissions insurance"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5429
+#: freeculture.xml:5433
 msgid ""
 "Before our films can be broadcast, the network requires that we buy Errors "
 "and Omissions insurance. The carriers require a detailed <quote>visual cue "
@@ -7871,18 +7886,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5438
+#: freeculture.xml:5442
 msgid "Lucas, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5439
+#: freeculture.xml:5443
 msgid "<citetitle>Star Wars</citetitle>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5442
+#: freeculture.xml:5446
 msgid ""
 "I probably never should have asked Matt Groening in the first place. But I "
 "knew (at least from folklore) that Fox had a history of tracking down and "
@@ -7898,7 +7913,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  3. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 110 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5454
+#: freeculture.xml:5458
 msgid ""
 "I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law School "
 "&hellip; who confirmed that it was fair use. He also confirmed that Fox "
@@ -7909,14 +7924,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5466
+#: freeculture.xml:5470
 msgid ""
 "The question of fair use usually comes up at the end of the project, when we "
 "are up against a release deadline and out of money."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5474
+#: freeculture.xml:5478
 msgid ""
 "In theory, fair use means you need no permission. The theory therefore "
 "supports free culture and insulates against a permission culture.  But in "
@@ -7927,7 +7942,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5482
+#: freeculture.xml:5486
 msgid ""
 "This practice shows just how far the law has come from its "
 "eighteenth-century roots. The law was born as a shield to protect "
@@ -7936,22 +7951,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5497
+#: freeculture.xml:5501
 msgid "CHAPTER EIGHT: Transformers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5498
+#: freeculture.xml:5502
 msgid "Allen, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5499 freeculture.xml:5559 freeculture.xml:5744 freeculture.xml:10439 freeculture.xml:14873
+#: freeculture.xml:5503 freeculture.xml:5563 freeculture.xml:5748 freeculture.xml:10443 freeculture.xml:14877
 msgid "Alben, Alex"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5502
+#: freeculture.xml:5506
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In 1993</emphasis>, Alex Alben was a lawyer working "
 "at Starwave, Inc.  Starwave was an innovative company founded by Microsoft "
@@ -7961,17 +7976,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5509
+#: freeculture.xml:5513
 msgid "retrospective compilations on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5510
+#: freeculture.xml:5514
 msgid "CD-ROMs, film clips used in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5512
+#: freeculture.xml:5516
 msgid ""
 "Alben had a special interest in new technology. He was intrigued by the "
 "emerging market for CD-ROM technology&mdash;not to distribute film, but to "
@@ -7983,7 +7998,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5522
+#: freeculture.xml:5526
 msgid ""
 "At that time, Eastwood had made more than fifty films, as an actor and as a "
 "director. Alben began with a series of interviews with Eastwood, asking him "
@@ -7993,7 +8008,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 112 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5529
+#: freeculture.xml:5533
 msgid ""
 "That alone would not have made a very interesting product, so Starwave "
 "wanted to add content from the movies in Eastwood's career: posters, "
@@ -8003,7 +8018,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5536
+#: freeculture.xml:5540
 msgid ""
 "Then Alben and his team decided to include actual film clips. <quote>Our "
 "goal was that we were going to have a clip from every one of Eastwood's "
@@ -8014,19 +8029,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5544
+#: freeculture.xml:5548
 msgid ""
 "Alben brought the idea to Michael Slade, the CEO of Starwave.  Slade asked, "
 "<quote>Well, what will it take?</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5558
+#: freeculture.xml:5562
 msgid "publicity rights on images of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5554
+#: freeculture.xml:5558
 msgid ""
 "Technically, the rights that Alben had to clear were mainly those of "
 "publicity&mdash;rights an artist has to control the commercial exploitation "
@@ -8036,7 +8051,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5548
+#: freeculture.xml:5552
 msgid ""
 "Alben replied, <quote>Well, we're going to have to clear rights from "
 "everyone who appears in these films, and the music and everything else that "
@@ -8045,7 +8060,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5563
+#: freeculture.xml:5567
 msgid ""
 "The problem was that neither Alben nor Slade had any idea what clearing "
 "those rights would mean. Every actor in each of the films could have a claim "
@@ -8055,7 +8070,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5570
+#: freeculture.xml:5574
 msgid ""
 "I asked Alben how he dealt with the problem. With an obvious pride in his "
 "resourcefulness that obscured the obvious bizarreness of his tale, Alben "
@@ -8063,7 +8078,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5576
+#: freeculture.xml:5580
 msgid ""
 "So we very mechanically went about looking up the film clips.  We made some "
 "artistic decisions about what film clips to include&mdash;of course we were "
@@ -8075,7 +8090,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 113 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5585
+#: freeculture.xml:5589
 msgid ""
 "We decided that it would be fair if we offered them the dayplayer rate for "
 "the right to reuse that performance. We're talking about a clip of less than "
@@ -8088,12 +8103,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5596
+#: freeculture.xml:5600
 msgid "Sutherland, Donald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5598
+#: freeculture.xml:5602
 msgid ""
 "Some actors were glad to help&mdash;Donald Sutherland, for example, followed "
 "up himself to be sure that the rights had been cleared.  Others were "
@@ -8106,14 +8121,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5609
+#: freeculture.xml:5613
 msgid ""
 "It was one <emphasis>year</emphasis> later&mdash;<quote>and even then we "
 "weren't sure whether we were totally in the clear.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5613
+#: freeculture.xml:5617
 msgid ""
 "Alben is proud of his work. The project was the first of its kind and the "
 "only time he knew of that a team had undertaken such a massive project for "
@@ -8121,7 +8136,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5619
+#: freeculture.xml:5623
 msgid ""
 "Everyone thought it would be too hard. Everyone just threw up their hands "
 "and said, <quote>Oh, my gosh, a film, it's so many copyrights, there's the "
@@ -8134,20 +8149,20 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 114 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5631
+#: freeculture.xml:5635
 msgid ""
 "And no doubt, the product itself was exceptionally good. Eastwood loved it, "
 "and it sold very well."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5634
+#: freeculture.xml:5638
 msgid "Drucker, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5642
+#: freeculture.xml:5646
 msgid ""
 "U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Acquisition Management, "
 "<citetitle>Seven Steps to Performance-Based Services "
@@ -8156,7 +8171,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5636
+#: freeculture.xml:5640
 msgid ""
 "But I pressed Alben about how weird it seems that it would have to take a "
 "year's work simply to clear rights. No doubt Alben had done this "
@@ -8167,7 +8182,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5650
+#: freeculture.xml:5654
 msgid ""
 "For, as he acknowledged, <quote>very few &hellip; have the time and "
 "resources, and the will to do this,</quote> and thus, very few such works "
@@ -8177,7 +8192,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5658
+#: freeculture.xml:5662
 msgid ""
 "I don't think so. When an actor renders a performance in a movie, he or she "
 "gets paid very well. &hellip; And then when 30 seconds of that performance "
@@ -8186,7 +8201,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5666
+#: freeculture.xml:5670
 msgid ""
 "Or at least, is this <emphasis>how</emphasis> the artist should be "
 "compensated? Would it make sense, I asked, for there to be some kind of "
@@ -8199,7 +8214,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 115 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5677
+#: freeculture.xml:5681
 msgid ""
 "Absolutely. I think that if there were some fair-licensing "
 "mechanism&mdash;where you weren't subject to hold-ups and you weren't "
@@ -8220,7 +8235,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5697
+#: freeculture.xml:5701
 msgid ""
 "Alben worked for a big company. His company was backed by some of the "
 "richest investors in the world. He therefore had authority and access that "
@@ -8230,7 +8245,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5706
+#: freeculture.xml:5710
 msgid ""
 "These costs are the burdens of a kind of regulation. Put on a Republican hat "
 "for a moment, and get angry for a bit. The government defines the scope of "
@@ -8245,7 +8260,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 116 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5719
+#: freeculture.xml:5723
 msgid ""
 "I've seen the flash of recognition when people get this point, but only a "
 "few times. The first was at a conference of federal judges in California.  "
@@ -8256,7 +8271,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5729
+#: freeculture.xml:5733
 msgid ""
 "The video was a brilliant collage of film from every period in the twentieth "
 "century, all framed around the idea of a <citetitle>60 Minutes</citetitle> "
@@ -8265,12 +8280,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5734
+#: freeculture.xml:5738
 msgid "Nimmer, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5736
+#: freeculture.xml:5740
 msgid ""
 "When the lights came up, I looked over to my copanelist, David Nimmer, "
 "perhaps the leading copyright scholar and practitioner in the nation. He had "
@@ -8281,12 +8296,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5743
+#: freeculture.xml:5747
 msgid "Boies, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5746
+#: freeculture.xml:5750
 msgid ""
 "For of course, the two brilliantly talented creators who made this film "
 "hadn't done what Alben did. They hadn't spent a year clearing the rights to "
@@ -8303,7 +8318,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5761
+#: freeculture.xml:5765
 msgid ""
 "We live in a <quote>cut and paste</quote> culture enabled by "
 "technology. Anyone building a presentation knows the extraordinary freedom "
@@ -8313,13 +8328,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5767
+#: freeculture.xml:5771
 msgid "Camp Chaos"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 117 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5769
+#: freeculture.xml:5773
 msgid ""
 "But presentations are just a tiny beginning. Using the Internet and its "
 "archives, musicians are able to string together mixes of sound never before "
@@ -8332,7 +8347,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5780
+#: freeculture.xml:5784
 msgid ""
 "All of these creations are technically illegal. Even if the creators wanted "
 "to be <quote>legal,</quote> the cost of complying with the law is impossibly "
@@ -8342,7 +8357,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5787
+#: freeculture.xml:5791
 msgid ""
 "To some, these stories suggest a solution: Let's alter the mix of rights so "
 "that people are free to build upon our culture. Free to add or mix as they "
@@ -8359,7 +8374,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5802
+#: freeculture.xml:5806
 msgid ""
 "Who could possibly object to this? And what reason would there be for "
 "objecting? We're talking about work that is not now being made; which if "
@@ -8369,7 +8384,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 118 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5808
+#: freeculture.xml:5812
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In February 2003</emphasis>, DreamWorks studios "
 "announced an agreement with Mike Myers, the comic genius of "
@@ -8383,7 +8398,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5821
+#: freeculture.xml:5825
 msgid ""
 "The announcement called this <quote>film sampling.</quote> As Myers "
 "explained, <quote>Film Sampling is an exciting way to put an original spin "
@@ -8395,7 +8410,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5830
+#: freeculture.xml:5834
 msgid ""
 "Spielberg is right. Film sampling by Myers will be brilliant. But if you "
 "don't think about it, you might miss the truly astonishing point about this "
@@ -8408,7 +8423,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5840
+#: freeculture.xml:5844
 msgid ""
 "This privilege becomes reserved for two sorts of reasons. The first "
 "continues the story of the last chapter: the vagueness of <quote>fair "
@@ -8424,22 +8439,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5855
+#: freeculture.xml:5859
 msgid "CHAPTER NINE: Collectors"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5856 freeculture.xml:9181 freeculture.xml:11504 freeculture.xml:11749
+#: freeculture.xml:5860 freeculture.xml:9185 freeculture.xml:11508 freeculture.xml:11753
 msgid "archives, digital"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5857 freeculture.xml:8480
+#: freeculture.xml:5861 freeculture.xml:8484
 msgid "bots"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5859
+#: freeculture.xml:5863
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In April 1996</emphasis>, millions of "
 "<quote>bots</quote>&mdash;computer codes designed to <quote>spider,</quote> "
@@ -8452,12 +8467,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5869 freeculture.xml:5900 freeculture.xml:5962
+#: freeculture.xml:5873 freeculture.xml:5904 freeculture.xml:5966
 msgid "Way Back Machine"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5871
+#: freeculture.xml:5875
 msgid ""
 "By October 2001, the bots had collected more than five years of copies. And "
 "at a small announcement in Berkeley, California, the archive that these "
@@ -8468,12 +8483,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5878
+#: freeculture.xml:5882
 msgid "Orwell, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5880
+#: freeculture.xml:5884
 msgid ""
 "This is the thing about the Internet that Orwell would have appreciated.  In "
 "the dystopia described in <citetitle>1984</citetitle>, old newspapers were "
@@ -8483,7 +8498,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 120 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5888
+#: freeculture.xml:5892
 msgid ""
 "Thousands of workers constantly reedited the past, meaning there was no way "
 "ever to know whether the story you were reading today was the story that was "
@@ -8491,7 +8506,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5893
+#: freeculture.xml:5897
 msgid ""
 "It's the same with the Internet. If you go to a Web page today, there's no "
 "way for you to know whether the content you are reading is the same as the "
@@ -8501,12 +8516,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5909
+#: freeculture.xml:5913
 msgid "White House press releases"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5908
+#: freeculture.xml:5912
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> The temptations remain, however. Brewster Kahle reports that the "
@@ -8517,7 +8532,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5902
+#: freeculture.xml:5906
 msgid ""
 "Until the Way Back Machine, at least. With the Way Back Machine, and the "
 "Internet Archive underlying it, you can see what the Internet was. You have "
@@ -8527,12 +8542,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5917
+#: freeculture.xml:5921
 msgid "history, records of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5919
+#: freeculture.xml:5923
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>We take it</emphasis> for granted that we can go "
 "back to see what we remember reading. Think about newspapers. If you wanted "
@@ -8545,7 +8560,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5930
+#: freeculture.xml:5934
 msgid ""
 "It is said that those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat "
 "it. That's not quite correct. We <emphasis>all</emphasis> forget "
@@ -8558,7 +8573,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 121 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5939
+#: freeculture.xml:5943
 msgid ""
 "The Internet was an exception to this presumption. Until the Internet "
 "Archive, there was no way to go back. The Internet was the quintessentially "
@@ -8570,7 +8585,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5950
+#: freeculture.xml:5954
 msgid ""
 "Brewster Kahle is the founder of the Internet Archive. He was a very "
 "successful Internet entrepreneur after he was a successful computer "
@@ -8583,32 +8598,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5959 freeculture.xml:6014 freeculture.xml:10424
+#: freeculture.xml:5963 freeculture.xml:6018 freeculture.xml:10428
 msgid "Library of Congress"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5960
+#: freeculture.xml:5964
 msgid "Television Archive"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5961
+#: freeculture.xml:5965
 msgid "Vanderbilt University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5963 freeculture.xml:10995 freeculture.xml:14055 freeculture.xml:14185 freeculture.xml:14221
+#: freeculture.xml:5967 freeculture.xml:10999 freeculture.xml:14059 freeculture.xml:14189 freeculture.xml:14225
 msgid "libraries"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5963
+#: freeculture.xml:5967
 msgid "archival function of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5966
+#: freeculture.xml:5970
 msgid ""
 "The Way Back Machine is the largest archive of human knowledge in human "
 "history. At the end of 2002, it held <quote>two hundred and thirty terabytes "
@@ -8628,18 +8643,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5983
+#: freeculture.xml:5987
 msgid "Quayle, Dan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5984
+#: freeculture.xml:5988
 msgid "60 Minutes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 122 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5986
+#: freeculture.xml:5990
 msgid ""
 "Do you remember when Dan Quayle was interacting with Murphy Brown? Remember "
 "that back and forth surreal experience of a politician interacting with a "
@@ -8651,17 +8666,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5997
+#: freeculture.xml:6001
 msgid "newspapers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5997
+#: freeculture.xml:6001
 msgid "archives of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5999
+#: freeculture.xml:6003
 msgid ""
 "Why is that? Why is it that the part of our culture that is recorded in "
 "newspapers remains perpetually accessible, while the part that is recorded "
@@ -8672,7 +8687,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6007
+#: freeculture.xml:6011
 msgid ""
 "In part, this is because of the law. Early in American copyright law, "
 "copyright owners were required to deposit copies of their work in "
@@ -8682,13 +8697,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6015 freeculture.xml:6059
+#: freeculture.xml:6019 freeculture.xml:6063
 msgid "archive of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6026
+#: freeculture.xml:6030
 msgid ""
 "Doug Herrick, <quote>Toward a National Film Collection: Motion Pictures at "
 "the Library of Congress,</quote> <citetitle>Film Library "
@@ -8698,7 +8713,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6017
+#: freeculture.xml:6021
 msgid ""
 "These rules applied to film as well. But in 1915, the Library of Congress "
 "made an exception for film. Film could be copyrighted so long as such "
@@ -8711,7 +8726,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6034
+#: freeculture.xml:6038
 msgid ""
 "The same is generally true about television. Television broadcasts were "
 "originally not copyrighted&mdash;there was no way to capture the broadcasts, "
@@ -8726,7 +8741,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 123 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6046
+#: freeculture.xml:6050
 msgid ""
 "Kahle was eager to correct this. Before September 11, 2001, he and his "
 "allies had started capturing television. They selected twenty stations from "
@@ -8738,37 +8753,37 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6056
+#: freeculture.xml:6060
 msgid "Movie Archive"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6057
+#: freeculture.xml:6061
 msgid "archive.org"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6057 freeculture.xml:6060
+#: freeculture.xml:6061 freeculture.xml:6064
 msgid "Internet Archive"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6061
+#: freeculture.xml:6065
 msgid "Duck and Cover film"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6062
+#: freeculture.xml:6066
 msgid "ephemeral films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6063
+#: freeculture.xml:6067
 msgid "Prelinger, Rick"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6065
+#: freeculture.xml:6069
 msgid ""
 "Kahle had the same idea with film. Working with Rick Prelinger, whose "
 "archive of film includes close to 45,000 <quote>ephemeral films</quote> "
@@ -8788,7 +8803,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6083
+#: freeculture.xml:6087
 msgid ""
 "Here again, Kahle is providing access to a part of our culture that we "
 "otherwise could not get easily, if at all. It is yet another part of what "
@@ -8798,7 +8813,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6091
+#: freeculture.xml:6095
 msgid ""
 "The key here is access, not price. Kahle wants to enable free access to this "
 "content, but he also wants to enable others to sell access to it. His aim is "
@@ -8809,7 +8824,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 124 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6099
+#: freeculture.xml:6103
 msgid ""
 "For here is an idea that we should more clearly recognize. Every bit of "
 "creative property goes through different <quote>lives.</quote> In its first "
@@ -8821,7 +8836,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6111
+#: freeculture.xml:6115
 msgid ""
 "After the commercial life of creative property has ended, our tradition has "
 "always supported a second life as well. A newspaper delivers the news every "
@@ -8832,7 +8847,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6124
+#: freeculture.xml:6128
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Dave Barns, <quote>Fledgling "
 "Career in Antique Books: Woodstock Landlord, Bar Owner Starts a New Chapter "
@@ -8844,7 +8859,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6121
+#: freeculture.xml:6125
 msgid ""
 "The same has always been true about books. A book goes out of print very "
 "quickly (the average today is after about a year<placeholder "
@@ -8856,7 +8871,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6139
+#: freeculture.xml:6143
 msgid ""
 "Yet increasingly, any assumption about a stable second life for creative "
 "property does not hold true with the most important components of popular "
@@ -8870,7 +8885,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 125 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6150
+#: freeculture.xml:6154
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>For most of</emphasis> the twentieth century, it was "
 "economics that made this so. It would have been insanely expensive to "
@@ -8883,7 +8898,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6162
+#: freeculture.xml:6166
 msgid ""
 "Perhaps the single most important feature of the digital revolution is that "
 "for the first time since the Library of Alexandria, it is feasible to "
@@ -8894,7 +8909,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6170
+#: freeculture.xml:6174
 msgid ""
 "The scale of this potential archive is something we've never imagined "
 "before. The Brewster Kahles of our history have dreamed about it; but we are "
@@ -8903,12 +8918,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6176
+#: freeculture.xml:6180
 msgid "total number of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6178
+#: freeculture.xml:6182
 msgid ""
 "It looks like there's about two to three million recordings of music.  "
 "Ever. There are about a hundred thousand theatrical releases of movies, "
@@ -8925,7 +8940,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 126 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6193
+#: freeculture.xml:6197
 msgid ""
 "Kahle is not the only librarian. The Internet Archive is not the only "
 "archive. But Kahle and the Internet Archive suggest what the future of "
@@ -8941,7 +8956,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6208
+#: freeculture.xml:6212
 msgid ""
 "Technologists have thus removed the economic costs of building such an "
 "archive. But lawyers' costs remain. For as much as we might like to call "
@@ -8953,22 +8968,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6219
+#: freeculture.xml:6223
 msgid "CHAPTER TEN: <quote>Property</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6220
+#: freeculture.xml:6224
 msgid "Johnson, Lyndon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6221 freeculture.xml:10183
+#: freeculture.xml:6225 freeculture.xml:10187
 msgid "Kennedy, John F."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6223
+#: freeculture.xml:6227
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Jack Valenti</emphasis> has been the president of "
 "the Motion Picture Association of America since 1966. He first came to "
@@ -8980,37 +8995,37 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6233
+#: freeculture.xml:6237
 msgid "Sony Pictures Entertainment"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6234
+#: freeculture.xml:6238
 msgid "MGM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6235
+#: freeculture.xml:6239
 msgid "Paramount Pictures"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6236
+#: freeculture.xml:6240
 msgid "Twentieth Century Fox"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6237
+#: freeculture.xml:6241
 msgid "Universal Pictures"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6238 freeculture.xml:7851 freeculture.xml:8022
+#: freeculture.xml:6242 freeculture.xml:7855 freeculture.xml:8026
 msgid "Warner Brothers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6240
+#: freeculture.xml:6244
 msgid ""
 "The MPAA is the American branch of the international Motion Picture "
 "Association. It was formed in 1922 as a trade association whose goal was to "
@@ -9025,7 +9040,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 128 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6253
+#: freeculture.xml:6257
 msgid ""
 "Valenti is only the third president of the MPAA. No president before him has "
 "had as much influence over that organization, or over Washington. As a "
@@ -9039,7 +9054,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6265
+#: freeculture.xml:6269
 msgid ""
 "In defending artistic liberty and the freedom of speech that our culture "
 "depends upon, the MPAA has done important good. In crafting the MPAA rating "
@@ -9051,13 +9066,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6274
+#: freeculture.xml:6278
 msgid "In 1982, Valenti's testimony to Congress captured the strategy perfectly:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6288
+#: freeculture.xml:6292
 msgid ""
 "Home Recording of Copyrighted Works: Hearings on H.R. 4783, H.R.  4794, "
 "H.R. 4808, H.R. 5250, H.R. 5488, and H.R. 5705 Before the Subcommittee on "
@@ -9067,7 +9082,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6279
+#: freeculture.xml:6283
 msgid ""
 "No matter the lengthy arguments made, no matter the charges and the "
 "counter-charges, no matter the tumult and the shouting, reasonable men and "
@@ -9081,7 +9096,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 129 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6298
+#: freeculture.xml:6302
 msgid ""
 "The strategy of this rhetoric, like the strategy of most of Valenti's "
 "rhetoric, is brilliant and simple and brilliant because simple. The "
@@ -9093,7 +9108,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6309
+#: freeculture.xml:6313
 msgid ""
 "This claim has an obvious and powerful intuitive pull. It is stated with "
 "such clarity as to make the idea as obvious as the notion that we use "
@@ -9109,7 +9124,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6324
+#: freeculture.xml:6328
 msgid ""
 "Lawyers speak of <quote>property</quote> not as an absolute thing, but as a "
 "bundle of rights that are sometimes associated with a particular "
@@ -9122,7 +9137,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6321
+#: freeculture.xml:6325
 msgid ""
 "While <quote>creative property</quote> is certainly <quote>property</quote> "
 "in a nerdy and precise sense that lawyers are trained to "
@@ -9135,7 +9150,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6339
+#: freeculture.xml:6343
 msgid ""
 "Valenti knows this. But he speaks for an industry that cares squat for our "
 "tradition and the values it represents. He speaks for an industry that is "
@@ -9146,7 +9161,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 130 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6347
+#: freeculture.xml:6351
 msgid ""
 "I have two purposes in this chapter. The first is to convince you that, "
 "historically, Valenti's claim is absolutely wrong. The second is to convince "
@@ -9160,7 +9175,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6362
+#: freeculture.xml:6366
 msgid ""
 "Organizations such as the MPAA, whose board includes the most powerful of "
 "the old guard, have little interest, their rhetoric notwithstanding, in "
@@ -9172,7 +9187,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6371
+#: freeculture.xml:6375
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>To get</emphasis> just a hint that there is "
 "something fundamentally wrong in Valenti's argument, we need look no further "
@@ -9180,7 +9195,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6376
+#: freeculture.xml:6380
 msgid ""
 "The framers of our Constitution loved <quote>property.</quote> Indeed, so "
 "strongly did they love property that they built into the Constitution an "
@@ -9195,7 +9210,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 131 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6387
+#: freeculture.xml:6391
 msgid ""
 "Yet the very same Constitution speaks very differently about what Valenti "
 "calls <quote>creative property.</quote> In the clause granting Congress the "
@@ -9212,7 +9227,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6402
+#: freeculture.xml:6406
 msgid ""
 "The Constitution thus on its face states that these two forms of property "
 "are not to be accorded the same rights. They are plainly to be treated "
@@ -9223,7 +9238,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6412
+#: freeculture.xml:6416
 msgid ""
 "Arguing for a change in our Constitution is not necessarily wrong.  There "
 "was much in our original Constitution that was plainly wrong.  The "
@@ -9237,7 +9252,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6424
+#: freeculture.xml:6428
 msgid ""
 "Instead, my argument is that because Jefferson did it, we should at least "
 "try to understand <emphasis>why</emphasis>. Why did the framers, fanatical "
@@ -9247,7 +9262,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6434
+#: freeculture.xml:6438
 msgid ""
 "To answer this question, we need to get some perspective on the history of "
 "these <quote>creative property</quote> rights, and the control that they "
@@ -9262,33 +9277,33 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6446
+#: freeculture.xml:6450
 msgid "four modalities of constraint on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6447 freeculture.xml:6703 freeculture.xml:9758 freeculture.xml:9875
+#: freeculture.xml:6451 freeculture.xml:6707 freeculture.xml:9762 freeculture.xml:9879
 msgid "regulation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6447
+#: freeculture.xml:6451
 msgid "four modalities of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6448
+#: freeculture.xml:6452
 msgid "as ex post regulation modality"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6449 freeculture.xml:6525 freeculture.xml:6658
+#: freeculture.xml:6453 freeculture.xml:6529 freeculture.xml:6662
 msgid "as constraint modality"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 132 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6453
+#: freeculture.xml:6457
 msgid ""
 "To answer these questions, we need a more general way to talk about how "
 "property is protected. More precisely, we need a more general way than the "
@@ -9300,19 +9315,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6462
+#: freeculture.xml:6466
 msgid ""
 "How four different modalities of regulation interact to support or weaken "
 "the right or regulation."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6463 freeculture.xml:6655 freeculture.xml:7023
+#: freeculture.xml:6467 freeculture.xml:6659 freeculture.xml:7027
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1331.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6467
+#: freeculture.xml:6471
 msgid ""
 "At the center of this picture is a regulated dot: the individual or group "
 "that is the target of regulation, or the holder of a right. (In each case "
@@ -9329,12 +9344,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6483 freeculture.xml:6545 freeculture.xml:6659
+#: freeculture.xml:6487 freeculture.xml:6549 freeculture.xml:6663
 msgid "norms, regulatory influence of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6485
+#: freeculture.xml:6489
 msgid ""
 "Norms are a different kind of constraint. They, too, punish an individual "
 "for violating a rule. But the punishment of a norm is imposed by a "
@@ -9347,12 +9362,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6495 freeculture.xml:6544 freeculture.xml:6636 freeculture.xml:6675 freeculture.xml:9767 freeculture.xml:10001
+#: freeculture.xml:6499 freeculture.xml:6548 freeculture.xml:6640 freeculture.xml:6679 freeculture.xml:9771 freeculture.xml:10005
 msgid "market constraints"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6497
+#: freeculture.xml:6501
 msgid ""
 "The market is a third type of constraint. Its constraint is effected through "
 "conditions: You can do X if you pay Y; you'll be paid M if you do N. These "
@@ -9364,12 +9379,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6506 freeculture.xml:6543 freeculture.xml:6594 freeculture.xml:6635 freeculture.xml:6657
+#: freeculture.xml:6510 freeculture.xml:6547 freeculture.xml:6598 freeculture.xml:6639 freeculture.xml:6661
 msgid "architecture, constraint effected through"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6508
+#: freeculture.xml:6512
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and for the moment, perhaps, most mysteriously, "
 "<quote>architecture</quote>&mdash;the physical world as one finds "
@@ -9388,7 +9403,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 134 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6529
+#: freeculture.xml:6533
 msgid ""
 "So the first point about these four modalities of regulation is obvious: "
 "They interact. Restrictions imposed by one might be reinforced by "
@@ -9396,7 +9411,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6535
+#: freeculture.xml:6539
 msgid ""
 "The second point follows directly: If we want to understand the effective "
 "freedom that anyone has at a given moment to do any particular thing, we "
@@ -9408,17 +9423,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6546
+#: freeculture.xml:6550
 msgid "driving speed, constraints on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6547
+#: freeculture.xml:6551
 msgid "speeding, constraints on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6549
+#: freeculture.xml:6553
 msgid ""
 "So, for example, consider the <quote>freedom</quote> to drive a car at a "
 "high speed. That freedom is in part restricted by laws: speed limits that "
@@ -9435,7 +9450,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6567
+#: freeculture.xml:6571
 msgid ""
 "By describing the way law affects the other three modalities, I don't mean "
 "to suggest that the other three don't affect law. Obviously, they do. Law's "
@@ -9449,7 +9464,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 135 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6563
+#: freeculture.xml:6567
 msgid ""
 "The final point about this simple model should also be fairly clear: While "
 "these four modalities are analytically independent, law has a special role "
@@ -9466,27 +9481,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6591
+#: freeculture.xml:6595
 msgid "Law has a special role in affecting the three."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6592
+#: freeculture.xml:6596
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1361.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6633
+#: freeculture.xml:6637
 msgid "Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6634
+#: freeculture.xml:6638
 msgid "Commons, John R."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6604
+#: freeculture.xml:6608
 msgid ""
 "Some people object to this way of talking about <quote>liberty.</quote> They "
 "object because their focus when considering the constraints that exist at "
@@ -9521,7 +9536,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6596
+#: freeculture.xml:6600
 msgid ""
 "These constraints can thus change, and they can be changed. To understand "
 "the effective protection of liberty or protection of property at any "
@@ -9532,17 +9547,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6641
+#: freeculture.xml:6645
 msgid "Why Hollywood Is Right"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6642 freeculture.xml:7013
+#: freeculture.xml:6646 freeculture.xml:7017
 msgid "four regulatory modalities on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6644
+#: freeculture.xml:6648
 msgid ""
 "The most obvious point that this model reveals is just why, or just how, "
 "Hollywood is right. The copyright warriors have rallied Congress and the "
@@ -9551,18 +9566,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6650
+#: freeculture.xml:6654
 msgid "Let's say this is the picture of copyright's regulation before the Internet:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6654 freeculture.xml:7022
+#: freeculture.xml:6658 freeculture.xml:7026
 msgid "Copyright's regulation before the Internet."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 136 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6662
+#: freeculture.xml:6666
 msgid ""
 "There is balance between law, norms, market, and architecture. The law "
 "limits the ability to copy and share content, by imposing penalties on those "
@@ -9576,22 +9591,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6673
+#: freeculture.xml:6677
 msgid "copyright regulatory balance lost with"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6674
+#: freeculture.xml:6678
 msgid "regulatory balance lost in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6676
+#: freeculture.xml:6680
 msgid "MP3s"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6678
+#: freeculture.xml:6682
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet, or, more precisely, technologies such as MP3s and p2p "
 "sharing. Now the constraint of architecture changes dramatically, as does "
@@ -9602,18 +9617,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6687 freeculture.xml:7530 freeculture.xml:7840
+#: freeculture.xml:6691 freeculture.xml:7534 freeculture.xml:7844
 msgid "technology"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6687
+#: freeculture.xml:6691
 msgid "established industries threatened by changes in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 137 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6689
+#: freeculture.xml:6693
 msgid ""
 "Thus the sense of, and justification for, the warriors' response.  "
 "Technology has changed, the warriors say, and the effect of this change, "
@@ -9624,27 +9639,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6699
+#: freeculture.xml:6703
 msgid "effective state of anarchy after the Internet."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6700
+#: freeculture.xml:6704
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1381.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6702
+#: freeculture.xml:6706
 msgid "Commerce, U.S. Department of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6703 freeculture.xml:9758
+#: freeculture.xml:6707 freeculture.xml:9762
 msgid "as establishment protectionism"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6705
+#: freeculture.xml:6709
 msgid ""
 "Neither this analysis nor the conclusions that follow are new to the "
 "warriors. Indeed, in a <quote>White Paper</quote> prepared by the Commerce "
@@ -9658,18 +9673,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6718 freeculture.xml:6858
+#: freeculture.xml:6722 freeculture.xml:6862
 msgid "farming"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6719
+#: freeculture.xml:6723
 msgid "steel industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 138 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6721
+#: freeculture.xml:6725
 msgid ""
 "This mixed strategy is just what copyright needed&mdash;if it was to "
 "preserve the particular balance that existed before the change induced by "
@@ -9686,7 +9701,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6741
+#: freeculture.xml:6745
 msgid ""
 "Thus, there's nothing wrong or surprising in the content industry's campaign "
 "to protect itself from the harmful consequences of a technological "
@@ -9697,18 +9712,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6754
+#: freeculture.xml:6758
 msgid "railroad industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6755
+#: freeculture.xml:6759
 msgid "remote channel changers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6765
+#: freeculture.xml:6769
 msgid ""
 "See Geoffrey Smith, <quote>Film vs. Digital: Can Kodak Build a "
 "Bridge?</quote> BusinessWeek online, 2 August 1999, available at <ulink "
@@ -9720,7 +9735,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6757
+#: freeculture.xml:6761
 msgid ""
 "But just because a particular interest asks for government support, it "
 "doesn't follow that support should be granted. And just because technology "
@@ -9742,35 +9757,35 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6786
+#: freeculture.xml:6790
 msgid "free market, technological changes in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6787 freeculture.xml:15449
+#: freeculture.xml:6791 freeculture.xml:15453
 msgid "Brezhnev, Leonid"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6790 freeculture.xml:13649
+#: freeculture.xml:6794 freeculture.xml:13653
 msgid "Gates, Bill"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6791 freeculture.xml:7805
+#: freeculture.xml:6795 freeculture.xml:7809
 msgid "market competition"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6804
+#: freeculture.xml:6808
 msgid ""
 "Fred Warshofsky, <citetitle>The Patent Wars</citetitle> (New York: Wiley, "
 "1994), 170&ndash;71."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6794
+#: freeculture.xml:6798
 msgid ""
 "The obvious answer to these obviously rhetorical questions is no.  In a free "
 "society, with a free market, supported by free enterprise and free trade, "
@@ -9788,7 +9803,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6815
+#: freeculture.xml:6819
 msgid ""
 "Thus, while it is understandable for industries threatened with new "
 "technologies that change the way they do business to look to the government "
@@ -9800,17 +9815,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6826
+#: freeculture.xml:6830
 msgid "speech, freedom of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6826
+#: freeculture.xml:6830
 msgid "constitutional guarantee of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6828
+#: freeculture.xml:6832
 msgid ""
 "In the context of laws regulating speech&mdash;which include, obviously, "
 "copyright law&mdash;that duty is even stronger. When the industry "
@@ -9827,7 +9842,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 140 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6844
+#: freeculture.xml:6848
 msgid ""
 "My argument just now, however, has nothing to do with whether the changes "
 "that are being pushed by the copyright warriors are "
@@ -9838,27 +9853,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6853
+#: freeculture.xml:6857
 msgid "Here's the metaphor that will capture the argument to follow."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6855
+#: freeculture.xml:6859
 msgid "Müller, Paul Hermann"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6856
+#: freeculture.xml:6860
 msgid "DDT"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6857
+#: freeculture.xml:6861
 msgid "insecticide, environmental consequences of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6860
+#: freeculture.xml:6864
 msgid ""
 "In 1873, the chemical DDT was first synthesized. In 1948, Swiss chemist Paul "
 "Hermann Müller won the Nobel Prize for his work demonstrating the "
@@ -9868,7 +9883,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6867
+#: freeculture.xml:6871
 msgid ""
 "No one doubts that killing disease-carrying pests or increasing crop "
 "production is a good thing. No one doubts that the work of Müller was "
@@ -9876,22 +9891,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6871
+#: freeculture.xml:6875
 msgid "Carson, Rachel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6872
+#: freeculture.xml:6876
 msgid "Silent Spring (Carson)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6873
+#: freeculture.xml:6877
 msgid "environmentalism"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6875
+#: freeculture.xml:6879
 msgid ""
 "But in 1962, Rachel Carson published <citetitle>Silent Spring</citetitle>, "
 "which argued that DDT, whatever its primary benefits, was also having "
@@ -9900,7 +9915,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6881
+#: freeculture.xml:6885
 msgid ""
 "No one set out to destroy the environment. Paul Müller certainly did not aim "
 "to harm any birds. But the effort to solve one set of problems produced "
@@ -9912,18 +9927,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6890
+#: freeculture.xml:6894
 msgid "Boyle, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6891
+#: freeculture.xml:6895
 msgid "innovative freedom balanced with fair compensation in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6897
+#: freeculture.xml:6901
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, James Boyle, <quote>A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
 "Environmentalism for the Net?</quote> <citetitle>Duke Law "
@@ -9932,7 +9947,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 141 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6893
+#: freeculture.xml:6897
 msgid ""
 "It is to this image precisely that Duke University law professor James Boyle "
 "appeals when he argues that we need an <quote>environmentalism</quote> for "
@@ -9950,7 +9965,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6915
+#: freeculture.xml:6919
 msgid ""
 "My argument, in the balance of this chapter, tries to map exactly this "
 "effect. No doubt the technology of the Internet has had a dramatic effect on "
@@ -9964,49 +9979,49 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6927
+#: freeculture.xml:6931
 msgid ""
 "In a line: To kill a gnat, we are spraying DDT with consequences for free "
 "culture that will be far more devastating than that this gnat will be lost."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6936
+#: freeculture.xml:6940
 msgid "Beginnings"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6937
+#: freeculture.xml:6941
 msgid "on creative property"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6938 freeculture.xml:11414
+#: freeculture.xml:6942 freeculture.xml:11418
 msgid "copyright purpose established in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6939 freeculture.xml:11123
+#: freeculture.xml:6943 freeculture.xml:11127
 msgid "Progress Clause of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6940 freeculture.xml:11415
+#: freeculture.xml:6944 freeculture.xml:11419
 msgid "constitutional purpose of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6942
+#: freeculture.xml:6946
 msgid "constitutional tradition on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6943 freeculture.xml:11124
+#: freeculture.xml:6947 freeculture.xml:11128
 msgid "Progress Clause"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6946
+#: freeculture.xml:6950
 msgid ""
 "America copied English copyright law. Actually, we copied and improved "
 "English copyright law. Our Constitution makes the purpose of <quote>creative "
@@ -10015,12 +10030,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6951
+#: freeculture.xml:6955
 msgid "in constitutional Progress Clause"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6953
+#: freeculture.xml:6957
 msgid ""
 "The power to establish <quote>creative property</quote> rights is granted to "
 "Congress in a way that, for our Constitution, at least, is very odd. Article "
@@ -10029,7 +10044,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 142 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6958
+#: freeculture.xml:6962
 msgid ""
 "Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, "
 "by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right "
@@ -10043,12 +10058,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6972
+#: freeculture.xml:6976
 msgid "history of American"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6974
+#: freeculture.xml:6978
 msgid ""
 "The Progress Clause expressly limits the term of copyrights. As we saw in "
 "chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"founders\"/>, the "
@@ -10061,22 +10076,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6983
+#: freeculture.xml:6987
 msgid "Senate, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6984
+#: freeculture.xml:6988
 msgid "structural checks and balances of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6985
+#: freeculture.xml:6989
 msgid "electoral college"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6987
+#: freeculture.xml:6991
 msgid ""
 "The design of the Progress Clause reflects something about the "
 "Constitution's design in general. To avoid a problem, the framers built "
@@ -10093,7 +10108,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7004
+#: freeculture.xml:7008
 msgid ""
 "I doubt the framers would recognize the regulation we call "
 "<quote>copyright</quote> today. The scope of that regulation is far beyond "
@@ -10104,7 +10119,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 143 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7015
+#: freeculture.xml:7019
 msgid ""
 "Some of these changes come from the law: some in light of changes in "
 "technology, and some in light of changes in technology given a particular "
@@ -10112,53 +10127,53 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7026
+#: freeculture.xml:7030
 msgid "We will end here:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7029
+#: freeculture.xml:7033
 msgid "<quote>Copyright</quote> today."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7030
+#: freeculture.xml:7034
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1442.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 144 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7033
+#: freeculture.xml:7037
 msgid "Let me explain how."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7038
+#: freeculture.xml:7042
 msgid "Law: Duration"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7041 freeculture.xml:7333
+#: freeculture.xml:7045 freeculture.xml:7337
 msgid "Copyright Act (1790)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7042
+#: freeculture.xml:7046
 msgid "common law protections of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7043
+#: freeculture.xml:7047
 msgid "balance of U.S. content in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7059
+#: freeculture.xml:7063
 msgid "Crosskey, William W."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7053
+#: freeculture.xml:7057
 msgid ""
 "William W. Crosskey, <citetitle>Politics and the Constitution in the History "
 "of the United States</citetitle> (London: Cambridge University Press, 1953), "
@@ -10169,7 +10184,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7045
+#: freeculture.xml:7049
 msgid ""
 "When the first Congress enacted laws to protect creative property, it faced "
 "the same uncertainty about the status of creative property that the English "
@@ -10185,12 +10200,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7069
+#: freeculture.xml:7073
 msgid "federal vs. state"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7071
+#: freeculture.xml:7075
 msgid ""
 "That uncertainty ended after Congress passed legislation granting "
 "copyrights. Because federal law overrides any contrary state law, federal "
@@ -10201,7 +10216,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7080
+#: freeculture.xml:7084
 msgid ""
 "In 1790, Congress enacted the first copyright law. It created a federal "
 "copyright and secured that copyright for fourteen years. If the author was "
@@ -10212,7 +10227,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7096
+#: freeculture.xml:7100
 msgid ""
 "Although 13,000 titles were published in the United States from 1790 to "
 "1799, only 556 copyright registrations were filed; John Tebbel, <citetitle>A "
@@ -10231,7 +10246,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7088
+#: freeculture.xml:7092
 msgid ""
 "While there were many works created in the United States in the first ten "
 "years of the Republic, only 5 percent of the works were actually registered "
@@ -10244,7 +10259,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 145 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7114
+#: freeculture.xml:7118
 msgid ""
 "This system of renewal was a crucial part of the American system of "
 "copyright. It assured that the maximum terms of copyright would be granted "
@@ -10255,7 +10270,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7129
+#: freeculture.xml:7133
 msgid ""
 "Few copyright holders ever chose to renew their copyrights. For instance, of "
 "the 25,006 copyrights registered in 1883, only 894 were renewed in 1910. For "
@@ -10269,7 +10284,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7123
+#: freeculture.xml:7127
 msgid ""
 "Fourteen years may not seem long to us, but for the vast majority of "
 "copyright owners at that time, it was long enough: Only a small minority of "
@@ -10280,12 +10295,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7147
+#: freeculture.xml:7151
 msgid "See Ringer, ch. 9, n. 2."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7143
+#: freeculture.xml:7147
 msgid ""
 "Even today, this structure would make sense. Most creative work has an "
 "actual commercial life of just a couple of years. Most books fall out of "
@@ -10298,17 +10313,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7155 freeculture.xml:11061
+#: freeculture.xml:7159 freeculture.xml:11065
 msgid "copyright terms extended by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7156 freeculture.xml:11063
+#: freeculture.xml:7160 freeculture.xml:11067
 msgid "term extensions in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7158
+#: freeculture.xml:7162
 msgid ""
 "In the first hundred years of the Republic, the term of copyright was "
 "changed once. In 1831, the term was increased from a maximum of 28 years to "
@@ -10319,17 +10334,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7165 freeculture.xml:7200 freeculture.xml:11087 freeculture.xml:15367
+#: freeculture.xml:7169 freeculture.xml:7204 freeculture.xml:11091 freeculture.xml:15371
 msgid "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) (1998)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7166 freeculture.xml:11067
+#: freeculture.xml:7170 freeculture.xml:11071
 msgid "future patents vs. future copyrights in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7168
+#: freeculture.xml:7172
 msgid ""
 "Then, beginning in 1962, Congress started a practice that has defined "
 "copyright law since. Eleven times in the last forty years, Congress has "
@@ -10342,18 +10357,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7177 freeculture.xml:11066 freeculture.xml:11067 freeculture.xml:13154 freeculture.xml:13635
+#: freeculture.xml:7181 freeculture.xml:11070 freeculture.xml:11071 freeculture.xml:13158 freeculture.xml:13639
 msgid "patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7177 freeculture.xml:11066
+#: freeculture.xml:7181 freeculture.xml:11070
 msgid "in public domain"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 146 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7179
+#: freeculture.xml:7183
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions is simply to toll, or delay, the passing of "
 "works into the public domain. This latest extension means that the public "
@@ -10365,7 +10380,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7191
+#: freeculture.xml:7195
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions has been exacerbated by another, "
 "little-noticed change in the copyright law. Remember I said that the framers "
@@ -10377,22 +10392,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7201
+#: freeculture.xml:7205
 msgid "of natural authors vs. corporations"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7202 freeculture.xml:13308
+#: freeculture.xml:7206 freeculture.xml:13312
 msgid "corporations"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7202
+#: freeculture.xml:7206
 msgid "copyright terms for"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7204
+#: freeculture.xml:7208
 msgid ""
 "The United States abandoned this sensible system in 1976. For all works "
 "created after 1978, there was only one copyright term&mdash;the maximum "
@@ -10404,7 +10419,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7214
+#: freeculture.xml:7218
 msgid ""
 "This change meant that American law no longer had an automatic way to assure "
 "that works that were no longer exploited passed into the public domain. And "
@@ -10416,7 +10431,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7233
+#: freeculture.xml:7237
 msgid ""
 "These statistics are understated. Between the years 1910 and 1962 (the first "
 "year the renewal term was extended), the average term was never more than "
@@ -10425,7 +10440,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7225
+#: freeculture.xml:7229
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these changes on the average duration of copyright is "
 "dramatic. In 1973, more than 85 percent of copyright owners failed to renew "
@@ -10437,17 +10452,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7247
+#: freeculture.xml:7251
 msgid "Law: Scope"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7248 freeculture.xml:7467
+#: freeculture.xml:7252 freeculture.xml:7471
 msgid "scope of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7250
+#: freeculture.xml:7254
 msgid ""
 "The <quote>scope</quote> of a copyright is the range of rights granted by "
 "the law.  The scope of American copyright has changed dramatically. Those "
@@ -10456,12 +10471,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7256
+#: freeculture.xml:7260
 msgid "historical shift in copyright coverage of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7258
+#: freeculture.xml:7262
 msgid ""
 "In 1790, that scope was very narrow. Copyright covered only <quote>maps, "
 "charts, and books.</quote> That means it didn't cover, for example, music or "
@@ -10477,7 +10492,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7271
+#: freeculture.xml:7275
 msgid ""
 "This, too, has changed dramatically. While the contours of copyright today "
 "are extremely hard to describe simply, in general terms, the right covers "
@@ -10494,23 +10509,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7285
+#: freeculture.xml:7289
 msgid "marking of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7286
+#: freeculture.xml:7290
 msgid "formalities"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7287
+#: freeculture.xml:7291
 msgid "registration requirement of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 148 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7289
+#: freeculture.xml:7293
 msgid ""
 "At the same time that the scope of copyright has expanded, procedural "
 "limitations on the right have been relaxed. I've already described the "
@@ -10525,7 +10540,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7304
+#: freeculture.xml:7308
 msgid ""
 "The reason for the registration requirement was the sensible understanding "
 "that for most works, no copyright was required. Again, in the first ten "
@@ -10541,12 +10556,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7317
+#: freeculture.xml:7321
 msgid "European"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7319
+#: freeculture.xml:7323
 msgid ""
 "All of these <quote>formalities</quote> were abolished in the American "
 "system when we decided to follow European copyright law. There is no "
@@ -10557,13 +10572,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7330
+#: freeculture.xml:7334
 msgid "Consider a practical example to understand the scope of these differences."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7342
+#: freeculture.xml:7346
 msgid ""
 "See Thomas Bender and David Sampliner, <quote>Poets, Pirates, and the "
 "Creation of American Literature,</quote> 29 <citetitle>New York University "
@@ -10573,7 +10588,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7335
+#: freeculture.xml:7339
 msgid ""
 "If, in 1790, you wrote a book and you were one of the 5 percent who actually "
 "copyrighted that book, then the copyright law protected you against another "
@@ -10587,7 +10602,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 149 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7357
+#: freeculture.xml:7361
 msgid ""
 "The act left other creators totally unregulated. If I copied your poem by "
 "hand, over and over again, as a way to learn it by heart, my act was totally "
@@ -10598,7 +10613,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7367
+#: freeculture.xml:7371
 msgid ""
 "Today the story is very different: If you write a book, your book is "
 "automatically protected. Indeed, not just your book. Every e-mail, every "
@@ -10609,7 +10624,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7376
+#: freeculture.xml:7380
 msgid ""
 "That protection gives you the right (subject to a narrow range of fair use "
 "exceptions) to control how others copy the work, whether they copy it to "
@@ -10617,7 +10632,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7381
+#: freeculture.xml:7385
 msgid ""
 "That much is the obvious part. Any system of copyright would control "
 "competing publishing. But there's a second part to the copyright of today "
@@ -10632,7 +10647,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7396
+#: freeculture.xml:7400
 msgid ""
 "It is this derivative right that would seem most bizarre to our framers, "
 "though it has become second nature to us. Initially, this expansion was "
@@ -10644,7 +10659,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7418
+#: freeculture.xml:7422
 msgid ""
 "Jonathan Zittrain, <quote>The Copyright Cage,</quote> <citetitle>Legal "
 "Affairs</citetitle>, July/August 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -10653,7 +10668,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7408
+#: freeculture.xml:7412
 msgid ""
 "In preventing that joke, the law created an astonishing power within a free "
 "culture&mdash;at least, it's astonishing when you understand that the law "
@@ -10668,12 +10683,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7440
+#: freeculture.xml:7444
 msgid "Rubenfeld, Jeb"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7433
+#: freeculture.xml:7437
 msgid ""
 "Professor Rubenfeld has presented a powerful constitutional argument about "
 "the difference that copyright law should draw (from the perspective of the "
@@ -10685,7 +10700,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7428
+#: freeculture.xml:7432
 msgid ""
 "Yet copyright law treats these two different wrongs in the same way. I can "
 "go to court and get an injunction against your pirating my book. I can go to "
@@ -10695,7 +10710,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7448
+#: freeculture.xml:7452
 msgid ""
 "This again may seem right to you. If I wrote a book, then why should you be "
 "able to write a movie that takes my story and makes money from it without "
@@ -10705,7 +10720,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7456
+#: freeculture.xml:7460
 msgid ""
 "These are good arguments, and, in general, my point is not that the "
 "derivative right is unjustified. My aim just now is much narrower: simply to "
@@ -10714,18 +10729,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7465
+#: freeculture.xml:7469
 msgid "Law and Architecture: Reach"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7466 freeculture.xml:7528 freeculture.xml:7741
+#: freeculture.xml:7470 freeculture.xml:7532 freeculture.xml:7745
 msgid "copies as core issue of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7474
+#: freeculture.xml:7478
 msgid ""
 "This is a simplification of the law, but not much of one. The law certainly "
 "regulates more than <quote>copies</quote>&mdash;a public performance of a "
@@ -10739,7 +10754,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7469
+#: freeculture.xml:7473
 msgid ""
 "Whereas originally the law regulated only publishers, the change in "
 "copyright's scope means that the law today regulates publishers, users, and "
@@ -10749,13 +10764,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7485
+#: freeculture.xml:7489
 msgid "other property rights vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 151 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7488
+#: freeculture.xml:7492
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Copies.</quote> That certainly sounds like the obvious thing for "
 "<emphasis>copy</emphasis>right law to regulate. But as with Jack Valenti's "
@@ -10771,7 +10786,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7507
+#: freeculture.xml:7511
 msgid ""
 "Thus, my argument is not that in each place that copyright law extends, we "
 "should repeal it. It is instead that we should have a good argument for its "
@@ -10780,7 +10795,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7502
+#: freeculture.xml:7506
 msgid ""
 "This is perhaps the central claim of this book, so let me take this very "
 "slowly so that the point is not easily missed. My claim is that the Internet "
@@ -10792,40 +10807,40 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7520
+#: freeculture.xml:7524
 msgid ""
 "We can see this point abstractly by beginning with this largely empty "
 "circle."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7524
+#: freeculture.xml:7528
 msgid "All potential uses of a book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7525
+#: freeculture.xml:7529
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1521.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7527
+#: freeculture.xml:7531
 msgid "three types of uses of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7529
+#: freeculture.xml:7533
 msgid "copyright applicability altered by technology of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7530
+#: freeculture.xml:7534
 msgid "copyright intent altered by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 152 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7535
+#: freeculture.xml:7539
 msgid ""
 "Think about a book in real space, and imagine this circle to represent all "
 "its potential <emphasis>uses</emphasis>. Most of these uses are unregulated "
@@ -10840,17 +10855,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7548
+#: freeculture.xml:7552
 msgid "Examples of unregulated uses of a book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7549
+#: freeculture.xml:7553
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1531.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7552
+#: freeculture.xml:7556
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, some uses of a copyrighted book are regulated by "
 "copyright law. Republishing the book, for example, makes a copy. It is "
@@ -10861,26 +10876,26 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7564
+#: freeculture.xml:7568
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there is a tiny sliver of otherwise regulated copying uses that "
 "remain unregulated because the law considers these <quote>fair uses.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7569
+#: freeculture.xml:7573
 msgid ""
 "Republishing stands at the core of this circle of possible uses of a "
 "copyrighted work."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7570
+#: freeculture.xml:7574
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1541.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7575
+#: freeculture.xml:7579
 msgid ""
 "These are uses that themselves involve copying, but which the law treats as "
 "unregulated because public policy demands that they remain unregulated.  You "
@@ -10893,30 +10908,30 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7585
+#: freeculture.xml:7589
 msgid "Unregulated copying considered <quote>fair uses.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7586
+#: freeculture.xml:7590
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1542.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7590
+#: freeculture.xml:7594
 msgid ""
 "Uses that before were presumptively unregulated are now presumptively "
 "regulated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7591
+#: freeculture.xml:7595
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1551.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 154 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7596
+#: freeculture.xml:7600
 msgid ""
 "In real space, then, the possible uses of a book are divided into three "
 "sorts: (1) unregulated uses, (2) regulated uses, and (3) regulated uses that "
@@ -10925,23 +10940,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7601 freeculture.xml:7885 freeculture.xml:10137
+#: freeculture.xml:7605 freeculture.xml:7889 freeculture.xml:10141
 msgid "on Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7602
-msgid "books on"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7603 freeculture.xml:7680
+#: freeculture.xml:7607 freeculture.xml:7684
 msgid "Internet burdens on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7608
+#: freeculture.xml:7612
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean <quote>nature</quote> in the sense that it couldn't be "
 "different, but rather that its present instantiation entails a copy. Optical "
@@ -10951,7 +10961,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7605
+#: freeculture.xml:7609
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet&mdash;a distributed, digital network where every use of a "
 "copyrighted work produces a copy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
@@ -10968,7 +10978,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 155 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7628
+#: freeculture.xml:7632
 msgid ""
 "So let's be very specific to make this general point clear. Before the "
 "Internet, if you purchased a book and read it ten times, there would be no "
@@ -10981,17 +10991,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7639
+#: freeculture.xml:7643
 msgid "e-books"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7640
+#: freeculture.xml:7644
 msgid "technological developments and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7642
+#: freeculture.xml:7646
 msgid ""
 "But the same book as an e-book is effectively governed by a different set of "
 "rules. Now if the copyright owner says you may read the book only once or "
@@ -11005,7 +11015,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7654
+#: freeculture.xml:7658
 msgid ""
 "There are some people who think this makes perfect sense. My aim just now is "
 "not to argue about whether it makes sense or not. My aim is only to make "
@@ -11014,7 +11024,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7660
+#: freeculture.xml:7664
 msgid ""
 "First, making category 1 disappear is not anything any policy maker ever "
 "intended. Congress did not think through the collapse of the presumptively "
@@ -11025,7 +11035,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7669
+#: freeculture.xml:7673
 msgid ""
 "Second, this shift is especially troubling in the context of transformative "
 "uses of creative content. Again, we can all understand the wrong in "
@@ -11039,13 +11049,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7682
+#: freeculture.xml:7686
 msgid "fair use vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 156 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7684
+#: freeculture.xml:7688
 msgid ""
 "Third, this shift from category 1 to category 2 puts an extraordinary burden "
 "on category 3 (<quote>fair use</quote>) that fair use never before had to "
@@ -11059,7 +11069,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7703
+#: freeculture.xml:7707
 msgid ""
 "This point about fair use is totally ignored, even by advocates for free "
 "culture. We have been cornered into arguing that our rights depend upon fair "
@@ -11071,22 +11081,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7719
+#: freeculture.xml:7723
 msgid "Video Pipeline"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7721 freeculture.xml:15264
+#: freeculture.xml:7725 freeculture.xml:15268
 msgid "film industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7721
+#: freeculture.xml:7725
 msgid "trailer advertisements of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7723
+#: freeculture.xml:7727
 msgid ""
 "The case of Video Pipeline is a good example. Video Pipeline was in the "
 "business of making <quote>trailer</quote> advertisements for movies "
@@ -11096,12 +11106,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7729 freeculture.xml:7804 freeculture.xml:14010
+#: freeculture.xml:7733 freeculture.xml:7808 freeculture.xml:14014
 msgid "browsing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7731
+#: freeculture.xml:7735
 msgid ""
 "The company did this for about fifteen years. Then, in 1997, it began to "
 "think about the Internet as another way to distribute these previews.  The "
@@ -11114,7 +11124,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 157 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7744
+#: freeculture.xml:7748
 msgid ""
 "In 1998, Video Pipeline informed Disney and other film distributors that it "
 "intended to distribute the trailers through the Internet (rather than "
@@ -11130,17 +11140,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7761
+#: freeculture.xml:7765
 msgid "willful infringement findings in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7762
+#: freeculture.xml:7766
 msgid "willful infringement"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7764
+#: freeculture.xml:7768
 msgid ""
 "Disney countersued&mdash;for $100 million in damages. Those damages were "
 "predicated upon a claim that Video Pipeline had <quote>willfully "
@@ -11153,7 +11163,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7774
+#: freeculture.xml:7778
 msgid ""
 "Disney has the right to control its property, of course. But the video "
 "stores that were selling Disney's films also had some sort of right to be "
@@ -11165,12 +11175,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7782
+#: freeculture.xml:7786
 msgid "first-sale doctrine"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7784
+#: freeculture.xml:7788
 msgid ""
 "Now, you might think this is a close case, and I think the courts would "
 "consider it a close case. My point here is to map the change that gives "
@@ -11186,13 +11196,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7803
+#: freeculture.xml:7807
 msgid "Barnes &amp; Noble"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 158 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7808
+#: freeculture.xml:7812
 msgid ""
 "No doubt, a potential is not yet an abuse, and so the potential for control "
 "is not yet the abuse of control. Barnes &amp; Noble has the right to say you "
@@ -11209,7 +11219,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7823
+#: freeculture.xml:7827
 msgid ""
 "Again, my aim so far is simply to map the changes that this changed "
 "architecture enables. Enabling technology to enforce the control of "
@@ -11220,12 +11230,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7832
+#: freeculture.xml:7836
 msgid "Architecture and Law: Force"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7834
+#: freeculture.xml:7838
 msgid ""
 "The disappearance of unregulated uses would be change enough, but a second "
 "important change brought about by the Internet magnifies its "
@@ -11234,17 +11244,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7839
+#: freeculture.xml:7843
 msgid "technology as automatic enforcer of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7840
+#: freeculture.xml:7844
 msgid "copyright enforcement controlled by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7842
+#: freeculture.xml:7846
 msgid ""
 "In the world before digital technology, it was generally the law that "
 "controlled whether and how someone was regulated by copyright law.  The law, "
@@ -11254,18 +11264,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7849
+#: freeculture.xml:7853
 msgid "Casablanca"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7850 freeculture.xml:8021
+#: freeculture.xml:7854 freeculture.xml:8025
 msgid "Marx Brothers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7861
+#: freeculture.xml:7865
 msgid ""
 "See David Lange, <quote>Recognizing the Public Domain,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): "
@@ -11273,7 +11283,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7853
+#: freeculture.xml:7857
 msgid ""
 "There's a famous story about a battle between the Marx Brothers and Warner "
 "Brothers. The Marxes intended to make a parody of "
@@ -11284,14 +11294,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7870
+#: freeculture.xml:7874
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Ibid. See also Vaidhyanathan, "
 "<citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</citetitle>, 1&ndash;3."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7866
+#: freeculture.xml:7870
 msgid ""
 "This led the Marx Brothers to respond in kind. They warned Warner Brothers "
 "that the Marx Brothers <quote>were brothers long before you "
@@ -11303,7 +11313,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7880
+#: freeculture.xml:7884
 msgid ""
 "An absurd and hollow threat, of course, because Warner Brothers, like the "
 "Marx Brothers, knew that no court would ever enforce such a silly "
@@ -11312,7 +11322,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7887
+#: freeculture.xml:7891
 msgid ""
 "On the Internet, however, there is no check on silly rules, because on the "
 "Internet, increasingly, rules are enforced not by a human but by a machine: "
@@ -11324,17 +11334,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7899
+#: freeculture.xml:7903
 msgid "Adobe eBook Reader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7901
+#: freeculture.xml:7905
 msgid "Consider the life of my Adobe eBook Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7904
+#: freeculture.xml:7908
 msgid ""
 "An e-book is a book delivered in electronic form. An Adobe eBook is not a "
 "book that Adobe has published; Adobe simply produces the software that "
@@ -11343,13 +11353,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7911
+#: freeculture.xml:7915
 msgid "On the next page is a picture of an old version of my Adobe eBook Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 160 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7915
+#: freeculture.xml:7919
 msgid ""
 "As you can see, I have a small collection of e-books within this e-book "
 "library. Some of these books reproduce content that is in the public domain: "
@@ -11362,35 +11372,35 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7928
+#: freeculture.xml:7932
 msgid "Picture of an old version of Adobe eBook Reader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7929
+#: freeculture.xml:7933
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1611.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7932
+#: freeculture.xml:7936
 msgid ""
 "If you click on the Permissions button, you'll see a list of the permissions "
 "that the publisher purports to grant with this book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7936
+#: freeculture.xml:7940
 msgid "List of the permissions that the publisher purports to grant."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7937
+#: freeculture.xml:7941
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1612.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 161 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7941
+#: freeculture.xml:7945
 msgid ""
 "According to my eBook Reader, I have the permission to copy to the clipboard "
 "of the computer ten text selections every ten days. (So far, I've copied no "
@@ -11401,84 +11411,84 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7948
+#: freeculture.xml:7952
 msgid "Aristotle"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7949
+#: freeculture.xml:7953
 msgid "<citetitle>Politics</citetitle>, (Aristotle)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7951
+#: freeculture.xml:7955
 msgid ""
 "Here's the e-book for another work in the public domain (including the "
 "translation): Aristotle's <citetitle>Politics</citetitle>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7955
+#: freeculture.xml:7959
 msgid "E-book of Aristotle;s <quote>Politics</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7956
+#: freeculture.xml:7960
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1621.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7959
+#: freeculture.xml:7963
 msgid ""
 "According to its permissions, no printing or copying is permitted at "
 "all. But fortunately, you can use the Read Aloud button to hear the book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7964
+#: freeculture.xml:7968
 msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s <quote>Politics</quote>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7965
+#: freeculture.xml:7969
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1622.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7967 freeculture.xml:9808
+#: freeculture.xml:7971 freeculture.xml:9812
 msgid "Future of Ideas, The (Lessig)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7968 freeculture.xml:9809 freeculture.xml:11125 freeculture.xml:11171 freeculture.xml:13464
+#: freeculture.xml:7972 freeculture.xml:9813 freeculture.xml:11129 freeculture.xml:11175 freeculture.xml:13468
 msgid "Lessig, Lawrence"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7970
+#: freeculture.xml:7974
 msgid ""
 "Finally (and most embarrassingly), here are the permissions for the original "
 "e-book version of my last book, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7976
+#: freeculture.xml:7980
 msgid "List of the permissions for <quote>The Future of Ideas</quote>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7977
+#: freeculture.xml:7981
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7980
+#: freeculture.xml:7984
 msgid "No copying, no printing, and don't you dare try to listen to this book!"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7990
+#: freeculture.xml:7994
 msgid ""
 "In principle, a contract might impose a requirement on me. I might, for "
 "example, buy a book from you that includes a contract that says I will read "
@@ -11489,7 +11499,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7983
+#: freeculture.xml:7987
 msgid ""
 "Now, the Adobe eBook Reader calls these controls "
 "<quote>permissions</quote>&mdash; as if the publisher has the power to "
@@ -11504,7 +11514,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8005
+#: freeculture.xml:8009
 msgid ""
 "The control comes instead from the code&mdash;from the technology within "
 "which the e-book <quote>lives.</quote> Though the e-book says that these are "
@@ -11524,7 +11534,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 163 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8025
+#: freeculture.xml:8029
 msgid ""
 "These are <emphasis>controls</emphasis>, not permissions. Imagine a world "
 "where the Marx Brothers sold word processing software that, when you tried "
@@ -11533,7 +11543,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8031
+#: freeculture.xml:8035
 msgid ""
 "This is the future of copyright law: not so much copyright "
 "<emphasis>law</emphasis> as copyright <emphasis>code</emphasis>. The "
@@ -11545,7 +11555,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8040
+#: freeculture.xml:8044
 msgid ""
 "How significant is this? Isn't it always possible to get around the controls "
 "built into the technology? Software used to be sold with technologies that "
@@ -11555,24 +11565,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8047
+#: freeculture.xml:8051
 msgid ""
 "We've only scratched the surface of this story. Return to the Adobe eBook "
 "Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8050
+#: freeculture.xml:8054
 msgid "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8051
+#: freeculture.xml:8055
 msgid "e-book restrictions on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8053
+#: freeculture.xml:8057
 msgid ""
 "Early in the life of the Adobe eBook Reader, Adobe suffered a public "
 "relations nightmare. Among the books that you could download for free on the "
@@ -11582,17 +11592,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8061
+#: freeculture.xml:8065
 msgid "List of the permissions for <quote>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</quote>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8063
+#: freeculture.xml:8067
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8067
+#: freeculture.xml:8071
 msgid ""
 "Here was a public domain children's book that you were not allowed to copy, "
 "not allowed to lend, not allowed to give, and, as the "
@@ -11601,7 +11611,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8072
+#: freeculture.xml:8076
 msgid ""
 "The public relations nightmare attached to that final permission.  For the "
 "text did not say that you were not permitted to use the Read Aloud button; "
@@ -11612,7 +11622,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8080
+#: freeculture.xml:8084
 msgid ""
 "Adobe responded quickly that it was absurd to think that it was trying to "
 "restrict the right to read a book aloud. Obviously it was only restricting "
@@ -11627,7 +11637,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8095
+#: freeculture.xml:8099
 msgid ""
 "The point is not to blame Adobe. Indeed, Adobe is among the most innovative "
 "companies developing strategies to balance open access to content with "
@@ -11637,34 +11647,34 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8105
+#: freeculture.xml:8109
 msgid ""
 "To see the point in a particularly absurd context, consider a favorite story "
 "of mine that makes the same point."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8108 freeculture.xml:8252 freeculture.xml:8317 freeculture.xml:8425
+#: freeculture.xml:8112 freeculture.xml:8256 freeculture.xml:8321 freeculture.xml:8429
 msgid "Aibo robotic dog"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8109 freeculture.xml:8253 freeculture.xml:8318 freeculture.xml:8426
+#: freeculture.xml:8113 freeculture.xml:8257 freeculture.xml:8322 freeculture.xml:8430
 msgid "robotic dog"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8110 freeculture.xml:8254 freeculture.xml:8319 freeculture.xml:8427
+#: freeculture.xml:8114 freeculture.xml:8258 freeculture.xml:8323 freeculture.xml:8431
 msgid "Sony"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8110 freeculture.xml:8254 freeculture.xml:8319 freeculture.xml:8427
+#: freeculture.xml:8114 freeculture.xml:8258 freeculture.xml:8323 freeculture.xml:8431
 msgid "Aibo robotic dog produced by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8112
+#: freeculture.xml:8116
 msgid ""
 "Consider the robotic dog made by Sony named <quote>Aibo.</quote> The Aibo "
 "learns tricks, cuddles, and follows you around. It eats only electricity and "
@@ -11673,7 +11683,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 165
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8117
+#: freeculture.xml:8121
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo is expensive and popular. Fans from around the world have set up "
 "clubs to trade stories. One fan in particular set up a Web site to enable "
@@ -11684,7 +11694,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8126
+#: freeculture.xml:8130
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Teach</quote> here has a special meaning. Aibos are just cute "
 "computers.  You teach a computer how to do something by programming it "
@@ -11695,12 +11705,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8133
+#: freeculture.xml:8137
 msgid "hacks"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8135
+#: freeculture.xml:8139
 msgid ""
 "If you're not a programmer or don't know many programmers, the word "
 "<citetitle>hack</citetitle> has a particularly unfriendly "
@@ -11716,7 +11726,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8149
+#: freeculture.xml:8153
 msgid ""
 "Some hacks are easy. Some are unbelievably hard. Hackers as a community like "
 "to challenge themselves and others with increasingly difficult "
@@ -11726,7 +11736,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8156
+#: freeculture.xml:8160
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo fan was displaying a bit of both when he hacked the program and "
 "offered to the world a bit of code that would enable the Aibo to dance "
@@ -11737,7 +11747,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 166 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8166
+#: freeculture.xml:8170
 msgid ""
 "I've told this story in many contexts, both inside and outside the United "
 "States. Once I was asked by a puzzled member of the audience, is it "
@@ -11752,12 +11762,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8181
+#: freeculture.xml:8185
 msgid "government case against"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8183
+#: freeculture.xml:8187
 msgid ""
 "Let's put the dog to sleep for a minute, and turn to a pony show&mdash; not "
 "literally a pony show, but rather a paper that a Princeton academic named Ed "
@@ -11771,12 +11781,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8206 freeculture.xml:10763
+#: freeculture.xml:8210 freeculture.xml:10767
 msgid "Electronic Frontier Foundation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8196
+#: freeculture.xml:8200
 msgid ""
 "See Pamela Samuelson, <quote>Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to "
 "Science,</quote> <citetitle>Science</citetitle> 293 (2001): 2028; Brendan "
@@ -11795,7 +11805,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8194
+#: freeculture.xml:8198
 msgid ""
 "But Felten's bravery was really tested in April 2001.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> He and a group of colleagues were working on a "
@@ -11805,7 +11815,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8214
+#: freeculture.xml:8218
 msgid ""
 "The SDMI coalition had as its goal a technology to enable content owners to "
 "exercise much better control over their content than the Internet, as it "
@@ -11817,7 +11827,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8224
+#: freeculture.xml:8228
 msgid ""
 "When SDMI thought it was close to a standard, it set up a competition.  In "
 "exchange for providing contestants with the code to an SDMI-encrypted bit of "
@@ -11827,7 +11837,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 167 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8231
+#: freeculture.xml:8235
 msgid ""
 "Felten and his team figured out the encryption system quickly. He and the "
 "team saw the weakness of this system as a type: Many encryption systems "
@@ -11836,7 +11846,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8237
+#: freeculture.xml:8241
 msgid ""
 "Let's review just what Felten was doing. Again, this is the United "
 "States. We have a principle of free speech. We have this principle not just "
@@ -11847,7 +11857,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8245
+#: freeculture.xml:8249
 msgid ""
 "What Felten and his colleagues were doing was publishing a paper describing "
 "the weakness in a technology. They were not spreading free music, or "
@@ -11857,7 +11867,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8256
+#: freeculture.xml:8260
 msgid ""
 "What links these two, aibopet.com and Felten, is the letters they then "
 "received. Aibopet.com received a letter from Sony about the aibopet.com "
@@ -11865,7 +11875,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8263
+#: freeculture.xml:8267
 msgid ""
 "Your site contains information providing the means to circumvent AIBO-ware's "
 "copy protection protocol constituting a violation of the anti-circumvention "
@@ -11873,7 +11883,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8272
+#: freeculture.xml:8276
 msgid ""
 "And though an academic paper describing the weakness in a system of "
 "encryption should also be perfectly legal, Felten received a letter from an "
@@ -11882,7 +11892,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 168 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8278
+#: freeculture.xml:8282
 msgid ""
 "Any disclosure of information gained from participating in the Public "
 "Challenge would be outside the scope of activities permitted by the "
@@ -11891,7 +11901,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8286
+#: freeculture.xml:8290
 msgid ""
 "In both cases, this weirdly Orwellian law was invoked to control the spread "
 "of information. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act made spreading such "
@@ -11899,7 +11909,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8291
+#: freeculture.xml:8295
 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was enacted as a response to copyright owners' first fear about "
 "cyberspace. The fear was that copyright control was effectively dead; the "
@@ -11912,7 +11922,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8302
+#: freeculture.xml:8306
 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was a bit of law intended to back up the protection of this code "
 "designed to protect copyrighted material. It was, we could say, "
@@ -11922,7 +11932,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8309
+#: freeculture.xml:8313
 msgid ""
 "But the DMCA was not designed merely to protect copyrighted works to the "
 "extent copyright law protected them. Its protection, that is, did not end at "
@@ -11934,7 +11944,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 169 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8321
+#: freeculture.xml:8325
 msgid ""
 "Aibopet.com and Felten make the point. The Aibo hack circumvented a "
 "copyright protection system for the purpose of enabling the dog to dance "
@@ -11948,7 +11958,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8333
+#: freeculture.xml:8337
 msgid ""
 "The threat against Felten was more attenuated, but it followed the same line "
 "of reasoning. By publishing a paper describing how a copyright protection "
@@ -11959,17 +11969,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8340 freeculture.xml:8375
+#: freeculture.xml:8344 freeculture.xml:8379
 msgid "Rogers, Fred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8351 freeculture.xml:8388 freeculture.xml:8414
+#: freeculture.xml:8355 freeculture.xml:8392 freeculture.xml:8418
 msgid "Conrad, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8343
+#: freeculture.xml:8347
 msgid ""
 "The bizarreness of these arguments is captured in a cartoon drawn in 1981 by "
 "Paul Conrad. At that time, a court in California had held that the VCR could "
@@ -11982,7 +11992,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8370
+#: freeculture.xml:8374
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <citetitle>Sony Corporation of "
 "America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>., "
@@ -11993,7 +12003,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8355
+#: freeculture.xml:8359
 msgid ""
 "Some public stations, as well as commercial stations, program the "
 "<quote>Neighborhood</quote> at hours when some children cannot use it. I "
@@ -12013,7 +12023,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 170 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8381
+#: freeculture.xml:8385
 msgid ""
 "Even though there were uses that were legal, because there were some uses "
 "that were illegal, the court held the companies producing the VCR "
@@ -12021,19 +12031,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8386
+#: freeculture.xml:8390
 msgid ""
 "This led Conrad to draw the cartoon below, which we can adopt to the DMCA.  "
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8391
+#: freeculture.xml:8395
 msgid "No argument I have can top this picture, but let me try to get close."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8394
+#: freeculture.xml:8398
 msgid ""
 "The anticircumvention provisions of the DMCA target copyright circumvention "
 "technologies. Circumvention technologies can be used for different "
@@ -12044,13 +12054,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8401
+#: freeculture.xml:8405
 msgid "handguns"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 171 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8403
+#: freeculture.xml:8407
 msgid ""
 "A handgun can be used to shoot a police officer or a child. Most would agree "
 "such a use is bad. Or a handgun can be used for target practice or to "
@@ -12059,17 +12069,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8411
+#: freeculture.xml:8415
 msgid "VCR/handgun cartoon."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8412
+#: freeculture.xml:8416
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1711.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8416
+#: freeculture.xml:8420
 msgid ""
 "The obvious point of Conrad's cartoon is the weirdness of a world where guns "
 "are legal, despite the harm they can do, while VCRs (and circumvention "
@@ -12080,7 +12090,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8429
+#: freeculture.xml:8433
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo and RIAA examples demonstrate how copyright owners are changing the "
 "balance that copyright law grants. Using code, copyright owners restrict "
@@ -12091,7 +12101,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8437
+#: freeculture.xml:8441
 msgid ""
 "This is how <emphasis>code</emphasis> becomes <emphasis>law</emphasis>. The "
 "controls built into the technology of copy and access protection become "
@@ -12105,7 +12115,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8449
+#: freeculture.xml:8453
 msgid ""
 "There is one final aspect of the interaction between architecture and law "
 "that contributes to the force of copyright's regulation. This is the ease "
@@ -12120,7 +12130,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f24 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8468
+#: freeculture.xml:8472
 msgid ""
 "For an early and prescient analysis, see Rebecca Tushnet, <quote>Legal "
 "Fictions, Copyright, Fan Fiction, and a New Common Law,</quote> "
@@ -12129,7 +12139,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8462
+#: freeculture.xml:8466
 msgid ""
 "For example, imagine you were part of a <citetitle>Star Trek</citetitle> fan "
 "club. You gathered every month to share trivia, and maybe to enact a kind of "
@@ -12139,7 +12149,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8474
+#: freeculture.xml:8478
 msgid ""
 "Before the Internet, this was, in effect, a totally unregulated activity.  "
 "No matter what happened inside your club room, you would never be interfered "
@@ -12149,7 +12159,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8482
+#: freeculture.xml:8486
 msgid ""
 "But if you moved your club onto the Internet, and made it generally "
 "available for others to join, the story would be very different. Bots "
@@ -12162,7 +12172,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8492
+#: freeculture.xml:8496
 msgid ""
 "This change in the effective force of the law is caused by a change in the "
 "ease with which the law can be enforced. That change too shifts the law's "
@@ -12173,13 +12183,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8501
+#: freeculture.xml:8505
 msgid "Market: Concentration"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 173 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8503
+#: freeculture.xml:8507
 msgid ""
 "So copyright's duration has increased dramatically&mdash;tripled in the past "
 "thirty years. And copyright's scope has increased as well&mdash;from "
@@ -12197,7 +12207,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8521
+#: freeculture.xml:8525
 msgid ""
 "Still, in my view, all of these changes would not matter much if it weren't "
 "for one more change that we must also consider. This is a change that is in "
@@ -12207,7 +12217,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8528
+#: freeculture.xml:8532
 msgid ""
 "This is the change in the concentration and integration of the media.  In "
 "the past twenty years, the nature of media ownership has undergone a radical "
@@ -12220,38 +12230,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8539
+#: freeculture.xml:8543
 msgid "These changes are of two sorts: the scope of concentration, and its nature."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8543
+#: freeculture.xml:8547
 msgid "BMG"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8544 freeculture.xml:9918
+#: freeculture.xml:8548 freeculture.xml:9922
 msgid "EMI"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8545
+#: freeculture.xml:8549
 msgid "McCain, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8546 freeculture.xml:9925
+#: freeculture.xml:8550 freeculture.xml:9929
 msgid "Universal Music Group"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8547
+#: freeculture.xml:8551
 msgid "Warner Music Group"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f25 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8553
+#: freeculture.xml:8557
 msgid ""
 "FCC Oversight: Hearing Before the Senate Commerce, Science and "
 "Transportation Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (22 May 2003)  (statement "
@@ -12260,7 +12270,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f26 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8560
+#: freeculture.xml:8564
 msgid ""
 "Lynette Holloway, <quote>Despite a Marketing Blitz, CD Sales Continue to "
 "Slide,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 23 December 2002."
@@ -12268,14 +12278,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f27 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8566
+#: freeculture.xml:8570
 msgid ""
 "Molly Ivins, <quote>Media Consolidation Must Be Stopped,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Charleston Gazette</citetitle>, 31 May 2003."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8549
+#: freeculture.xml:8553
 msgid ""
 "Changes in scope are the easier ones to describe. As Senator John McCain "
 "summarized the data produced in the FCC's review of media ownership, "
@@ -12290,7 +12300,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 174 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8571
+#: freeculture.xml:8575
 msgid ""
 "The story with radio is even more dramatic. Before deregulation, the "
 "nation's largest radio broadcasting conglomerate owned fewer than "
@@ -12303,7 +12313,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8583
+#: freeculture.xml:8587
 msgid ""
 "Newspaper ownership is becoming more concentrated as well.  Today, there are "
 "six hundred fewer daily newspapers in the United States than there were "
@@ -12317,20 +12327,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8597 freeculture.xml:8614
+#: freeculture.xml:8597 freeculture.xml:8618
 msgid "Fallows, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8594
+#: freeculture.xml:8599
 msgid ""
 "Concentration in size alone is one thing. The more invidious change is in "
 "the nature of that concentration. As author James Fallows put it in a recent "
-"article about Rupert Murdoch, <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"article about Rupert Murdoch,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8612
+#: freeculture.xml:8616
 msgid ""
 "James Fallows, <quote>The Age of Murdoch,</quote> <citetitle>Atlantic "
 "Monthly</citetitle> (September 2003): 89.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
@@ -12338,7 +12348,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8601
+#: freeculture.xml:8605
 msgid ""
 "Murdoch's companies now constitute a production system unmatched in its "
 "integration. They supply content&mdash;Fox movies &hellip; Fox TV shows "
@@ -12353,7 +12363,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8619
+#: freeculture.xml:8623
 msgid ""
 "The pattern with Murdoch is the pattern of modern media. Not just large "
 "companies owning many radio stations, but a few companies owning as many "
@@ -12362,18 +12372,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8625
+#: freeculture.xml:8629
 msgid "Pattern of modern media ownership."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8626
+#: freeculture.xml:8630
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1761.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 175 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8630
+#: freeculture.xml:8634
 msgid ""
 "Does this concentration matter? Will it affect what is made, or what is "
 "distributed? Or is it merely a more efficient way to produce and distribute "
@@ -12381,7 +12391,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8635
+#: freeculture.xml:8639
 msgid ""
 "My view was that concentration wouldn't matter. I thought it was nothing "
 "more than a more efficient financial structure. But now, after reading and "
@@ -12390,24 +12400,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8641
+#: freeculture.xml:8645
 msgid ""
 "Here's a representative story that begins to suggest how this integration "
 "may matter."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8644
+#: freeculture.xml:8648
 msgid "Lear, Norman"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8646 freeculture.xml:8709
+#: freeculture.xml:8650 freeculture.xml:8713
 msgid "All in the Family"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8648
+#: freeculture.xml:8652
 msgid ""
 "In 1969, Norman Lear created a pilot for <citetitle>All in the "
 "Family</citetitle>. He took the pilot to ABC. The network didn't like it. It "
@@ -12418,7 +12428,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f29 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8660
+#: freeculture.xml:8664
 msgid ""
 "Leonard Hill, <quote>The Axis of Access,</quote> remarks before Weidenbaum "
 "Center Forum, <quote>Entertainment Economics: The Movie Industry,</quote> "
@@ -12429,7 +12439,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8655
+#: freeculture.xml:8659
 msgid ""
 "Rather than comply, Lear simply took the show elsewhere. CBS was happy to "
 "have the series; ABC could not stop Lear from walking.  The copyrights that "
@@ -12439,7 +12449,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 176 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8671
+#: freeculture.xml:8675
 msgid ""
 "The network did not control those copyrights because the law forbade the "
 "networks from controlling the content they syndicated. The law required a "
@@ -12451,7 +12461,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f30 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8690
+#: freeculture.xml:8694
 msgid ""
 "NewsCorp./DirecTV Merger and Media Consolidation: Hearings on Media "
 "Ownership Before the Senate Commerce Committee, 108th Cong., 1st "
@@ -12463,7 +12473,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8680
+#: freeculture.xml:8684
 msgid ""
 "In 1994, the FCC abandoned the rules that required this independence.  After "
 "that change, the networks quickly changed the balance.  In 1985, there were "
@@ -12482,7 +12492,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8711
+#: freeculture.xml:8715
 msgid ""
 "Today, another Norman Lear with another <citetitle>All in the "
 "Family</citetitle> would find that he had the choice either to make the show "
@@ -12491,17 +12501,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8716
+#: freeculture.xml:8720
 msgid "Diller, Barry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8717
+#: freeculture.xml:8721
 msgid "Moyers, Bill"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8719
+#: freeculture.xml:8723
 msgid ""
 "While the number of channels has increased dramatically, the ownership of "
 "those channels has narrowed to an ever smaller and smaller few. As Barry "
@@ -12510,7 +12520,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f32 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8734
+#: freeculture.xml:8738
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,</quote> <citetitle>Now with "
 "Bill Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript "
@@ -12518,7 +12528,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8725
+#: freeculture.xml:8729
 msgid ""
 "Well, if you have companies that produce, that finance, that air on their "
 "channel and then distribute worldwide everything that goes through their "
@@ -12529,7 +12539,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8741
+#: freeculture.xml:8745
 msgid ""
 "This narrowing has an effect on what is produced. The product of such large "
 "and concentrated networks is increasingly homogenous.  Increasingly "
@@ -12543,13 +12553,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8752
+#: freeculture.xml:8756
 msgid "Clark, Kim B."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f33 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8761
+#: freeculture.xml:8765
 msgid ""
 "Clayton M. Christensen, <citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The "
 "Revolutionary National Bestseller that Changed the Way We Do "
@@ -12565,7 +12575,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8754
+#: freeculture.xml:8758
 msgid ""
 "Economics itself offers a parallel that explains why this integration "
 "affects creativity. Clay Christensen has written about the "
@@ -12580,7 +12590,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8778
+#: freeculture.xml:8782
 msgid ""
 "I don't think we know enough about the economics of the media market to say "
 "with certainty what concentration and integration will do. The efficiencies "
@@ -12588,14 +12598,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8784
+#: freeculture.xml:8788
 msgid ""
 "But there is a quintessentially obvious example that does strongly suggest "
 "the concern."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8788
+#: freeculture.xml:8792
 msgid ""
 "In addition to the copyright wars, we're in the middle of the drug "
 "wars. Government policy is strongly directed against the drug cartels; "
@@ -12604,7 +12614,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 178 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8793
+#: freeculture.xml:8797
 msgid ""
 "Let me hereby disqualify myself from any possible appointment to any "
 "position in government by saying I believe this war is a profound mistake. I "
@@ -12622,7 +12632,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8812
+#: freeculture.xml:8816
 msgid ""
 "You may not be convinced. That's fine. We live in a democracy, and it is "
 "through votes that we are to choose policy. But to do that, we depend "
@@ -12630,7 +12640,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8819
+#: freeculture.xml:8823
 msgid ""
 "Beginning in 1998, the Office of National Drug Control Policy launched a "
 "media campaign as part of the <quote>war on drugs.</quote> The campaign "
@@ -12645,14 +12655,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8831
+#: freeculture.xml:8835
 msgid ""
 "Fair enough. It's a good ad. Not terribly misleading. It delivers its "
 "message well. It's a fair and reasonable message."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8835
+#: freeculture.xml:8839
 msgid ""
 "But let's say you think it is a wrong message, and you'd like to run a "
 "countercommercial. Say you want to run a series of ads that try to "
@@ -12662,7 +12672,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 179 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8841
+#: freeculture.xml:8845
 msgid ""
 "Well, obviously, these ads cost lots of money. Assume you raise the "
 "money. Assume a group of concerned citizens donates all the money in the "
@@ -12671,32 +12681,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8859
+#: freeculture.xml:8863
 msgid "Comcast"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8860
+#: freeculture.xml:8864
 msgid "Marijuana Policy Project"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8861
+#: freeculture.xml:8865
 msgid "NBC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8862
+#: freeculture.xml:8866
 msgid "WJOA"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8863
+#: freeculture.xml:8867
 msgid "WRC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8858
+#: freeculture.xml:8862
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder "
@@ -12730,7 +12740,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8848
+#: freeculture.xml:8852
 msgid ""
 "No. You cannot. Television stations have a general policy of avoiding "
 "<quote>controversial</quote> ads. Ads sponsored by the government are deemed "
@@ -12744,7 +12754,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8892
+#: freeculture.xml:8896
 msgid ""
 "I'd be happy to defend the networks' rights, as well&mdash;if we lived in a "
 "media market that was truly diverse. But concentration in the media throws "
@@ -12757,12 +12767,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8905
+#: freeculture.xml:8909
 msgid "Together"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8907
+#: freeculture.xml:8911
 msgid ""
 "There is something innocent and obvious about the claim of the copyright "
 "warriors that the government should <quote>protect my property.</quote> In "
@@ -12772,7 +12782,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 180 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8913
+#: freeculture.xml:8917
 msgid ""
 "But when we see how dramatically this <quote>property</quote> has "
 "changed&mdash; when we recognize how it might now interact with both "
@@ -12787,7 +12797,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8929
+#: freeculture.xml:8933
 msgid ""
 "Not starkly. Or absolutely. My point is not that we should abolish copyright "
 "or go back to the eighteenth century. That would be a total mistake, "
@@ -12796,7 +12806,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8935
+#: freeculture.xml:8939
 msgid ""
 "But there is a space between zero and one, Internet culture "
 "notwithstanding.  And these massive shifts in the effective power of "
@@ -12810,7 +12820,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8947
+#: freeculture.xml:8951
 msgid ""
 "Copyright law has not been a rock of Gibraltar. It's not a set of constant "
 "commitments that, for some mysterious reason, teenagers and geeks now "
@@ -12825,7 +12835,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 181 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8959
+#: freeculture.xml:8963
 msgid ""
 "For the single point that is lost in this war on pirates is a point that we "
 "see only after surveying the range of these changes. When you add together "
@@ -12836,7 +12846,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8983
+#: freeculture.xml:8987
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Siva Vaidhyanathan captures a "
 "similar point in his <quote>four surrenders</quote> of copyright law in the "
@@ -12844,7 +12854,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8968
+#: freeculture.xml:8972
 msgid ""
 "Not when copyrights were perpetual, for when copyrights were perpetual, they "
 "affected only that precise creative work. Not when only publishers had the "
@@ -12862,14 +12872,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8989
+#: freeculture.xml:8993
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>This has been</emphasis> a long chapter. Its point "
 "can now be briefly stated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8993
+#: freeculture.xml:8997
 msgid ""
 "At the start of this book, I distinguished between commercial and "
 "noncommercial culture. In the course of this chapter, I have distinguished "
@@ -12879,38 +12889,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9005 freeculture.xml:9042
+#: freeculture.xml:9009 freeculture.xml:9046
 msgid "PUBLISH"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9006 freeculture.xml:9043 freeculture.xml:9081 freeculture.xml:9113
+#: freeculture.xml:9010 freeculture.xml:9047 freeculture.xml:9085 freeculture.xml:9117
 msgid "TRANSFORM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9011 freeculture.xml:9048 freeculture.xml:9086 freeculture.xml:9118
+#: freeculture.xml:9015 freeculture.xml:9052 freeculture.xml:9090 freeculture.xml:9122
 msgid "Commercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9012 freeculture.xml:9049 freeculture.xml:9050 freeculture.xml:9087 freeculture.xml:9088 freeculture.xml:9119 freeculture.xml:9120 freeculture.xml:9124 freeculture.xml:9125
+#: freeculture.xml:9016 freeculture.xml:9053 freeculture.xml:9054 freeculture.xml:9091 freeculture.xml:9092 freeculture.xml:9123 freeculture.xml:9124 freeculture.xml:9128 freeculture.xml:9129
 msgid "&copy;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9013 freeculture.xml:9017 freeculture.xml:9018 freeculture.xml:9054 freeculture.xml:9055 freeculture.xml:9093
+#: freeculture.xml:9017 freeculture.xml:9021 freeculture.xml:9022 freeculture.xml:9058 freeculture.xml:9059 freeculture.xml:9097
 msgid "Free"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9016 freeculture.xml:9053 freeculture.xml:9091 freeculture.xml:9123
+#: freeculture.xml:9020 freeculture.xml:9057 freeculture.xml:9095 freeculture.xml:9127
 msgid "Noncommercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 182 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9025
+#: freeculture.xml:9029
 msgid ""
 "The act of publishing a map, chart, and book was regulated by copyright "
 "law. Nothing else was. Transformations were free. And as copyright attached "
@@ -12920,12 +12930,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9034
+#: freeculture.xml:9038
 msgid "By the end of the nineteenth century, the law had changed to this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9062
+#: freeculture.xml:9066
 msgid ""
 "Derivative works were now regulated by copyright law&mdash;if published, "
 "which again, given the economics of publishing at the time, means if offered "
@@ -12934,7 +12944,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9068
+#: freeculture.xml:9072
 msgid ""
 "In 1909 the law changed to regulate copies, not publishing, and after this "
 "change, the scope of the law was tied to technology. As the technology of "
@@ -12944,17 +12954,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9080 freeculture.xml:9112
+#: freeculture.xml:9084 freeculture.xml:9116
 msgid "COPY"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9092
+#: freeculture.xml:9096
 msgid "&copy;/Free"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9100
+#: freeculture.xml:9104
 msgid ""
 "The law was interpreted to reach noncommercial copying through, say, copy "
 "machines, but still much of copying outside of the commercial market "
@@ -12965,7 +12975,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 183 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9132
+#: freeculture.xml:9136
 msgid ""
 "Every realm is governed by copyright law, whereas before most creativity was "
 "not. The law now regulates the full range of creativity&mdash; commercial or "
@@ -12974,7 +12984,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9140
+#: freeculture.xml:9144
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, copyright law is not the enemy. The enemy is regulation that does "
 "no good. So the question that we should be asking just now is whether "
@@ -12983,7 +12993,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9146
+#: freeculture.xml:9150
 msgid ""
 "I have no doubt that it does good in regulating commercial copying.  But I "
 "also have no doubt that it does more harm than good when regulating (as it "
@@ -12997,12 +13007,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9164
+#: freeculture.xml:9168
 msgid "legal realist movement"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9164
+#: freeculture.xml:9168
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> It was the single most important "
 "contribution of the legal realist movement to demonstrate that all property "
@@ -13013,7 +13023,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9158
+#: freeculture.xml:9162
 msgid ""
 "The issue is therefore not simply whether copyright is property. Of course "
 "copyright is a kind of <quote>property,</quote> and of course, as with any "
@@ -13031,7 +13041,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 184 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9183
+#: freeculture.xml:9187
 msgid ""
 "We achieved that free culture because our law respected important limits on "
 "the scope of the interests protected by <quote>property.</quote> The very "
@@ -13055,7 +13065,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9206
+#: freeculture.xml:9210
 msgid ""
 "Free culture is increasingly the casualty in this war on piracy. In response "
 "to a real, if not yet quantified, threat that the technologies of the "
@@ -13070,33 +13080,33 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9223
+#: freeculture.xml:9227
 msgid "PUZZLES"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9227
+#: freeculture.xml:9231
 msgid "CHAPTER ELEVEN: Chimera"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9228
+#: freeculture.xml:9232
 msgid "chimeras"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9229
+#: freeculture.xml:9233
 msgid "Wells, H. G."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9230
+#: freeculture.xml:9234
 msgid "<quote>Country of the Blind, The</quote> (Wells)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9238
+#: freeculture.xml:9242
 msgid ""
 "H. G. Wells, <quote>The Country of the Blind</quote> (1904, 1911). See "
 "H. G. Wells, <citetitle>The Country of the Blind and Other "
@@ -13105,7 +13115,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9233
+#: freeculture.xml:9237
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In a well-known</emphasis> short story by "
 "H. G. Wells, a mountain climber named Nunez trips (literally, down an ice "
@@ -13120,7 +13130,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9250
+#: freeculture.xml:9254
 msgid ""
 "Things don't go quite as he planned. He tries to explain the idea of sight "
 "to the villagers. They don't understand. He tells them they are "
@@ -13135,7 +13145,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 187 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9262
+#: freeculture.xml:9266
 msgid ""
 "The villagers don't leave him alone. Nor do they see (so to speak) the "
 "virtue of his special power. Not even the ultimate target of his affection, "
@@ -13149,7 +13159,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9273
+#: freeculture.xml:9277
 msgid ""
 "When Nunez announces his desire to marry his <quote>mysteriously "
 "delighted</quote> love, the father and the village object. <quote>You see, "
@@ -13159,14 +13169,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9279
+#: freeculture.xml:9283
 msgid ""
 "After a careful examination, the doctor gives his opinion. <quote>His brain "
 "is affected,</quote> he reports."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9283
+#: freeculture.xml:9287
 msgid ""
 "<quote>What affects it?</quote> the father asks.  <quote>Those queer things "
 "that are called the eyes &hellip; are diseased &hellip; in such a way as to "
@@ -13174,7 +13184,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9288
+#: freeculture.xml:9292
 msgid ""
 "The doctor continues: <quote>I think I may say with reasonable certainty "
 "that in order to cure him completely, all that we need to do is a simple and "
@@ -13183,7 +13193,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9294
+#: freeculture.xml:9298
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Thank Heaven for science!</quote> says the father to the doctor. They "
 "inform Nunez of this condition necessary for him to be allowed his bride.  "
@@ -13193,7 +13203,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 188 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9300
+#: freeculture.xml:9304
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It sometimes</emphasis> happens that the eggs of "
 "twins fuse in the mother's womb. That fusion produces a "
@@ -13205,7 +13215,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9314
+#: freeculture.xml:9318
 msgid ""
 "Before I had read about chimeras, I would have said they were impossible.  A "
 "single person can't have two sets of DNA. The very idea of DNA is that it is "
@@ -13216,7 +13226,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9322
+#: freeculture.xml:9326
 msgid ""
 "The more I work to understand the current struggle over copyright and "
 "culture, which I've sometimes called unfairly, and sometimes not unfairly "
@@ -13233,7 +13243,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9336
+#: freeculture.xml:9340
 msgid ""
 "But the description is also false in part. For when my p2p server is on a "
 "p2p network through which anyone can get access to my music, then sure, my "
@@ -13246,7 +13256,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9345
+#: freeculture.xml:9349
 msgid ""
 "Likewise, when the other side says, <quote>File sharing is just like walking "
 "into a Tower Records and taking a CD off the shelf and walking out with "
@@ -13258,7 +13268,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 189 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9356
+#: freeculture.xml:9360
 msgid ""
 "But it is not quite stealing from Tower. After all, when I take a CD from "
 "Tower Records, Tower has one less CD to sell. And when I take a CD from "
@@ -13270,7 +13280,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9366
+#: freeculture.xml:9370
 msgid ""
 "The point is not that it is as neither side describes. The point is that it "
 "is both&mdash;both as the RIAA describes it and as Kazaa describes it. It is "
@@ -13280,22 +13290,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9382 freeculture.xml:9669 freeculture.xml:10764
+#: freeculture.xml:9386 freeculture.xml:9673 freeculture.xml:10768
 msgid "ISPs (Internet service providers), user identities revealed by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9413
+#: freeculture.xml:9417
 msgid "Conyers, John, Jr."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9414 freeculture.xml:10161
+#: freeculture.xml:9418 freeculture.xml:10165
 msgid "Berman, Howard L."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9382
+#: freeculture.xml:9386
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> For an excellent summary, see the "
 "report prepared by GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society "
@@ -13331,7 +13341,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9373
+#: freeculture.xml:9377
 msgid ""
 "We could respond by simply pretending that it is not a chimera. We could, "
 "with the RIAA, decide that every act of file sharing should be a felony. We "
@@ -13344,7 +13354,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9420
+#: freeculture.xml:9424
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, we could respond to file sharing the way many kids act as "
 "though we've responded. We could totally legalize it. Let there be no "
@@ -13354,7 +13364,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9427
+#: freeculture.xml:9431
 msgid ""
 "Either response is possible. I think either would be a mistake.  Rather than "
 "embrace one of these two extremes, we should embrace something that "
@@ -13368,7 +13378,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 190 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9439
+#: freeculture.xml:9443
 msgid ""
 "Yet zero tolerance is increasingly our government's policy. In the middle of "
 "the chaos that the Internet has created, an extraordinary land grab is "
@@ -13379,7 +13389,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9447
+#: freeculture.xml:9451
 msgid ""
 "I'm not talking about the opportunities for kids to <quote>steal</quote> "
 "music. My focus instead is the commercial and cultural innovation that this "
@@ -13393,14 +13403,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9460
+#: freeculture.xml:9464
 msgid ""
 "eMusic opposes music piracy. We are a distributor of copyrighted material, "
 "and we want to protect those rights."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9464
+#: freeculture.xml:9468
 msgid ""
 "But building a technology fortress that locks in the clout of the major "
 "labels is by no means the only way to protect copyright interests, nor is it "
@@ -13411,7 +13421,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9481
+#: freeculture.xml:9485
 msgid ""
 "WIPO and the DMCA One Year Later: Assessing Consumer Access to Digital "
 "Entertainment on the Internet and Other Media: Hearing Before the "
@@ -13422,7 +13432,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9471
+#: freeculture.xml:9475
 msgid ""
 "This is a critical point. The choices that industry sectors make with "
 "respect to these systems will in many ways directly shape the market for "
@@ -13435,12 +13445,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9495 freeculture.xml:9869
+#: freeculture.xml:9499 freeculture.xml:9873
 msgid "Vivendi Universal"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9492
+#: freeculture.xml:9496
 msgid ""
 "In April 2001, eMusic.com was purchased by Vivendi Universal, one of "
 "<quote>the major labels.</quote> Its position on these matters has now "
@@ -13448,7 +13458,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9498
+#: freeculture.xml:9502
 msgid ""
 "Reversing our tradition of tolerance now will not merely quash piracy. It "
 "will sacrifice values that are important to this culture, and will kill "
@@ -13456,12 +13466,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9506
+#: freeculture.xml:9510
 msgid "CHAPTER TWELVE: Harms"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9508
+#: freeculture.xml:9512
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>To fight</emphasis> <quote>piracy,</quote> to "
 "protect <quote>property,</quote> the content industry has launched a "
@@ -13472,7 +13482,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9516
+#: freeculture.xml:9520
 msgid ""
 "My aim so far has been to describe the consequences of this war, in "
 "particular, the consequences for <quote>free culture.</quote> But my aim now "
@@ -13481,7 +13491,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9522
+#: freeculture.xml:9526
 msgid ""
 "In my view, it is not. There is no good reason why this time, for the first "
 "time, the law should defend the old against the new, just when the power of "
@@ -13490,7 +13500,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9530
+#: freeculture.xml:9534
 msgid ""
 "Yet <quote>common sense</quote> does not see it this way. Common sense is "
 "still on the side of the Causbys and the content industry. The extreme "
@@ -13500,7 +13510,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 193 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9538
+#: freeculture.xml:9542
 msgid ""
 "There will be many consequences of continuing this war. I want to describe "
 "just three. All three might be said to be unintended. I am quite confident "
@@ -13510,12 +13520,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9545
+#: freeculture.xml:9549
 msgid "Constraining Creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9547
+#: freeculture.xml:9551
 msgid ""
 "In the next ten years we will see an explosion of digital technologies.  "
 "These technologies will enable almost anyone to capture and share "
@@ -13532,7 +13542,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9562
+#: freeculture.xml:9566
 msgid ""
 "This digital <quote>capturing and sharing</quote> is in part an extension of "
 "the capturing and sharing that has always been integral to our culture, and "
@@ -13547,7 +13557,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 194 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9573
+#: freeculture.xml:9577
 msgid ""
 "Technology has thus given us an opportunity to do something with culture "
 "that has only ever been possible for individuals in small groups, isolated "
@@ -13557,7 +13567,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9583
+#: freeculture.xml:9587
 msgid ""
 "Yet all this is possible only if the activity is presumptively legal. In the "
 "current regime of legal regulation, it is not. Forget file sharing for a "
@@ -13571,17 +13581,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9593 freeculture.xml:9617
+#: freeculture.xml:9597 freeculture.xml:9621
 msgid "Worldcom"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9596
+#: freeculture.xml:9600
 msgid "doctors malpractice claims against"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9612
+#: freeculture.xml:9616
 msgid ""
 "See Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at "
 "WorldCom</citetitle> (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2003), 176, 204; "
@@ -13592,12 +13602,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9633
+#: freeculture.xml:9637
 msgid "Bush, George W."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9624
+#: freeculture.xml:9628
 msgid ""
 "The bill, modeled after California's tort reform model, was passed in the "
 "House of Representatives but defeated in a Senate vote in July 2003. For an "
@@ -13611,7 +13621,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9599
+#: freeculture.xml:9603
 msgid ""
 "That presumption will increasingly chill creativity, as the examples of "
 "extreme penalties for vague infringements continue to proliferate. It is "
@@ -13633,13 +13643,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9639
+#: freeculture.xml:9643
 msgid "art, underground"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9660
+#: freeculture.xml:9664
 msgid ""
 "See Danit Lidor, <quote>Artists Just Wanna Be Free,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Wired</citetitle>, 7 July 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -13649,7 +13659,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9641
+#: freeculture.xml:9645
 msgid ""
 "The consequence of this legal uncertainty, tied to these extremely high "
 "penalties, is that an extraordinary amount of creativity will either never "
@@ -13669,7 +13679,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9671
+#: freeculture.xml:9675
 msgid ""
 "Part of the reason for this fear of illegality has to do with the changing "
 "law. I described that change in detail in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: "
@@ -13683,7 +13693,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9684
+#: freeculture.xml:9688
 msgid ""
 "Never in our history has a painter had to worry about whether his painting "
 "infringed on someone else's work; but the modern-day painter, using the "
@@ -13697,7 +13707,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9695
+#: freeculture.xml:9699
 msgid ""
 "Lawyers rarely see this because lawyers are rarely empirical. As I described "
 "in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"recorders\"/>, "
@@ -13708,7 +13718,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 196 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9706
+#: freeculture.xml:9710
 msgid ""
 "But fair use in America simply means the right to hire a lawyer to defend "
 "your right to create. And as lawyers love to forget, our system for "
@@ -13721,7 +13731,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9716
+#: freeculture.xml:9720
 msgid ""
 "Judges and lawyers can tell themselves that fair use provides adequate "
 "<quote>breathing room</quote> between regulation by the law and the access "
@@ -13734,7 +13744,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9727
+#: freeculture.xml:9731
 msgid ""
 "For in a world that threatens $150,000 for a single willful infringement of "
 "a copyright, and which demands tens of thousands of dollars to even defend "
@@ -13747,13 +13757,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9738
+#: freeculture.xml:9742
 msgid "As Jed Horovitz, the businessman behind Video Pipeline, said to me,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 197 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9742
+#: freeculture.xml:9746
 msgid ""
 "We're losing [creative] opportunities right and left. Creative people are "
 "being forced not to express themselves. Thoughts are not being "
@@ -13766,22 +13776,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9755
+#: freeculture.xml:9759
 msgid "Constraining Innovators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9756
+#: freeculture.xml:9760
 msgid "innovation hampered by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9757
+#: freeculture.xml:9761
 msgid "industry establishment opposed to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9760
+#: freeculture.xml:9764
 msgid ""
 "The story of the last section was a crunchy-lefty story&mdash;creativity "
 "quashed, artists who can't speak, yada yada yada. Maybe that doesn't get you "
@@ -13792,7 +13802,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9769
+#: freeculture.xml:9773
 msgid ""
 "But there's an aspect of this story that is not lefty in any sense.  Indeed, "
 "it is an aspect that could be written by the most extreme promarket "
@@ -13805,7 +13815,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9780
+#: freeculture.xml:9784
 msgid ""
 "The charge I've been making about the regulation of culture is the same "
 "charge free marketers make about regulating markets. Everyone, of course, "
@@ -13820,18 +13830,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9793 freeculture.xml:9914 freeculture.xml:9920
+#: freeculture.xml:9797 freeculture.xml:9918 freeculture.xml:9924
 msgid "Barry, Hank"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9794 freeculture.xml:9926
+#: freeculture.xml:9798 freeculture.xml:9930
 msgid "venture capitalists"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 198 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9796
+#: freeculture.xml:9800
 msgid ""
 "This is the single most dramatic effect of the shift in regulatory strategy "
 "that I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
@@ -13846,7 +13856,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9811
+#: freeculture.xml:9815
 msgid ""
 "Consider one example to make the point, a story whose beginning I told in "
 "<citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> and which has progressed in a way "
@@ -13854,22 +13864,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9815
+#: freeculture.xml:9819
 msgid "MP3.com"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9816
+#: freeculture.xml:9820
 msgid "my.mp3.com"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9817
+#: freeculture.xml:9821
 msgid "Roberts, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9819
+#: freeculture.xml:9823
 msgid ""
 "In 1997, Michael Roberts launched a company called MP3.com.  MP3.com was "
 "keen to remake the music business. Their goal was not just to facilitate new "
@@ -13880,12 +13890,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9827
+#: freeculture.xml:9831
 msgid "preference data on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9829
+#: freeculture.xml:9833
 msgid ""
 "To make this system work, however, MP3.com needed a reliable way to "
 "recommend music to its users. The idea behind this alternative was to "
@@ -13895,7 +13905,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9836
+#: freeculture.xml:9840
 msgid ""
 "This idea required a simple way to gather data about user preferences.  "
 "MP3.com came up with an extraordinarily clever way to gather this preference "
@@ -13910,7 +13920,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 199 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9848
+#: freeculture.xml:9852
 msgid ""
 "No doubt some could use this system to illegally copy content. But that "
 "opportunity existed with or without MP3.com. The aim of the my.mp3.com "
@@ -13920,7 +13930,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9858
+#: freeculture.xml:9862
 msgid ""
 "To make this system function, however, MP3.com needed to copy 50,000 CDs to "
 "a server. (In principle, it could have been the user who uploaded the music, "
@@ -13934,17 +13944,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9870 freeculture.xml:9915
+#: freeculture.xml:9874 freeculture.xml:9919
 msgid "distribution technology targeted in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9875
+#: freeculture.xml:9879
 msgid "outsize penalties of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9877
+#: freeculture.xml:9881
 msgid ""
 "Nine days after MP3.com launched its service, the five major labels, headed "
 "by the RIAA, brought a lawsuit against MP3.com. MP3.com settled with four of "
@@ -13956,12 +13966,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9887
+#: freeculture.xml:9891
 msgid "That part of the story I have told before. Now consider its conclusion."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9890
+#: freeculture.xml:9894
 msgid ""
 "After Vivendi purchased MP3.com, Vivendi turned around and filed a "
 "malpractice lawsuit against the lawyers who had advised it that they had a "
@@ -13974,7 +13984,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 200 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9901
+#: freeculture.xml:9905
 msgid ""
 "The clear purpose of this lawsuit (which was settled for an unspecified "
 "amount shortly after the story was no longer covered in the press) was to "
@@ -13986,43 +13996,43 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9916
+#: freeculture.xml:9920
 msgid "BMW"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9917
+#: freeculture.xml:9921
 msgid "cars, MP3 sound systems in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9919
+#: freeculture.xml:9923
 msgid "Hummer, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9921
+#: freeculture.xml:9925
 msgid "Hummer Winblad"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9922
+#: freeculture.xml:9926
 msgid "MP3 players"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9923
+#: freeculture.xml:9927
 msgid "venture capital for"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9924 freeculture.xml:9970
+#: freeculture.xml:9928 freeculture.xml:9974
 msgid "Needleman, Rafe"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9934
+#: freeculture.xml:9938
 msgid ""
 "See Joseph Menn, <quote>Universal, EMI Sue Napster Investor,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 23 April 2003. For a parallel "
@@ -14035,7 +14045,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9928
+#: freeculture.xml:9932
 msgid ""
 "This strategy is not just limited to the lawyers. In April 2003, Universal "
 "and EMI brought a lawsuit against Hummer Winblad, the venture capital firm "
@@ -14055,7 +14065,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9966
+#: freeculture.xml:9970
 msgid ""
 "Rafe Needleman, <quote>Driving in Cars with MP3s,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Business 2.0</citetitle>, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -14065,7 +14075,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9957
+#: freeculture.xml:9961
 msgid ""
 "I asked why, with all the storage capacity and computer power in the car, "
 "there was no way to play MP3 files. I was told that BMW engineers in Germany "
@@ -14077,7 +14087,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9978
+#: freeculture.xml:9982
 msgid ""
 "This is the world of the mafia&mdash;filled with <quote>your money or your "
 "life</quote> offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats "
@@ -14089,7 +14099,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 201 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9988
+#: freeculture.xml:9992
 msgid ""
 "The point is not that businesses should have a right to start illegal "
 "enterprises. The point is the definition of <quote>illegal.</quote> The law "
@@ -14105,7 +14115,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10003
+#: freeculture.xml:10007
 msgid ""
 "The point is directly parallel to the crunchy-lefty point about fair "
 "use. Whatever the <quote>real</quote> law is, realism about the effect of "
@@ -14120,7 +14130,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 202 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10015
+#: freeculture.xml:10019
 msgid ""
 "The building of a permission culture, rather than a free culture, is the "
 "first important way in which the changes I have described will burden "
@@ -14139,7 +14149,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10034
+#: freeculture.xml:10038
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The uncertainty</emphasis> of the law is one burden "
 "on innovation. There is a second burden that operates more directly. This is "
@@ -14149,7 +14159,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10041
+#: freeculture.xml:10045
 msgid ""
 "The motivation for this response is obvious. The Internet enables the "
 "efficient spread of content. That efficiency is a feature of the Internet's "
@@ -14163,7 +14173,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10056
+#: freeculture.xml:10060
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,</quote> "
 "GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law "
@@ -14173,12 +14183,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10069
+#: freeculture.xml:10073
 msgid "GartnerG2, 26&ndash;27."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10052
+#: freeculture.xml:10056
 msgid ""
 "The examples of this form of legislation are many. At the urging of the "
 "content industry, some in Congress have threatened legislation that would "
@@ -14196,7 +14206,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 203 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10073
+#: freeculture.xml:10077
 msgid ""
 "In one sense, these solutions seem sensible. If the problem is the code, why "
 "not regulate the code to remove the problem. But any regulation of technical "
@@ -14206,20 +14216,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10082 freeculture.xml:11992
+#: freeculture.xml:10086 freeculture.xml:11996
 msgid "Intel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10088
+#: freeculture.xml:10092
 msgid ""
 "See David McGuire, <quote>Tech Execs Square Off Over Piracy,</quote> "
 "Newsbytes, February 2002 (Entertainment)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10084
+#: freeculture.xml:10088
 msgid ""
 "In March 2002, a broad coalition of technology companies, led by Intel, "
 "tried to get Congress to see the harm that such legislation would "
@@ -14229,7 +14239,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10096
+#: freeculture.xml:10100
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There is one</emphasis> more obvious way in which "
 "this war has harmed innovation&mdash;again, a story that will be quite "
@@ -14237,7 +14247,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10101
+#: freeculture.xml:10105
 msgid ""
 "Copyright may be property, but like all property, it is also a form of "
 "regulation. It is a regulation that benefits some and harms others.  When "
@@ -14246,12 +14256,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10119
+#: freeculture.xml:10123
 msgid "Digital Copyright (Litman)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10117
+#: freeculture.xml:10121
 msgid ""
 "Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (Amherst, N.Y.: "
 "Prometheus Books, 2001).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
@@ -14259,7 +14269,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10111
+#: freeculture.xml:10115
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, despite this feature of copyright as regulation, "
@@ -14274,7 +14284,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10130
+#: freeculture.xml:10134
 msgid ""
 "But that pattern of deference to new technologies has now changed with the "
 "rise of the Internet. Rather than striking a balance between the claims of a "
@@ -14284,17 +14294,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10136
+#: freeculture.xml:10140
 msgid "radio on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10141
+#: freeculture.xml:10145
 msgid "Grokster, Ltd."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10141
+#: freeculture.xml:10145
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> The only circuit court exception "
 "is found in <citetitle>Recording Industry Association of America "
@@ -14313,17 +14323,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10160
+#: freeculture.xml:10164
 msgid "Tauzin, Billy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10162
+#: freeculture.xml:10166
 msgid "Hollings, Fritz"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10160
+#: freeculture.xml:10164
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder "
@@ -14343,7 +14353,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10139
+#: freeculture.xml:10143
 msgid ""
 "The response by the courts has been fairly universal.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It has been mirrored in the responses "
@@ -14355,7 +14365,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 204 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10187
+#: freeculture.xml:10191
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"pirates\"/>, when a radio station plays a song, the recording "
@@ -14369,7 +14379,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10198
+#: freeculture.xml:10202
 msgid ""
 "The reasoning behind this balance struck by Congress makes some sense. The "
 "justification was that radio was a kind of advertising. The recording artist "
@@ -14382,7 +14392,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10209
+#: freeculture.xml:10213
 msgid ""
 "Enter Internet radio. Like regular radio, Internet radio is a technology to "
 "stream content from a broadcaster to a listener. The broadcast travels "
@@ -14393,7 +14403,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10218
+#: freeculture.xml:10222
 msgid ""
 "This feature of the architecture of Internet radio means that there are "
 "potentially an unlimited number of radio stations that a user could tune in "
@@ -14409,7 +14419,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 205 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10234
+#: freeculture.xml:10238
 msgid ""
 "Internet radio is thus to radio what FM was to AM. It is an improvement "
 "potentially vastly more significant than the FM improvement over AM, since "
@@ -14421,12 +14431,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10258
+#: freeculture.xml:10262
 msgid "Lessing, 239."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10244
+#: freeculture.xml:10248
 msgid ""
 "An almost unlimited number of FM stations was possible in the shortwaves, "
 "thus ending the unnatural restrictions imposed on radio in the crowded "
@@ -14444,12 +14454,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10268
+#: freeculture.xml:10272
 msgid "Ibid., 229."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10263
+#: freeculture.xml:10267
 msgid ""
 "This potential for FM radio was never realized&mdash;not because Armstrong "
 "was wrong about the technology, but because he underestimated the power of "
@@ -14459,7 +14469,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10273
+#: freeculture.xml:10277
 msgid ""
 "Now the very same claim could be made about Internet radio. For again, there "
 "is no technical limitation that could restrict the number of Internet radio "
@@ -14469,23 +14479,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10282
+#: freeculture.xml:10286
 msgid "on radio"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10286
+#: freeculture.xml:10290
 msgid "Internet radio hampered by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10287 freeculture.xml:10440
+#: freeculture.xml:10291 freeculture.xml:10444
 msgid "on Internet radio fees"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 206 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10290
+#: freeculture.xml:10294
 msgid ""
 "But here the power of the lobbyists is reversed. Internet radio is a new "
 "industry. The recording artists, on the other hand, have a very powerful "
@@ -14500,12 +14510,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10329
+#: freeculture.xml:10333
 msgid "CARP (Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10312
+#: freeculture.xml:10316
 msgid ""
 "This example was derived from fees set by the original Copyright Arbitration "
 "Royalty Panel (CARP) proceedings, and is drawn from an example offered by "
@@ -14527,7 +14537,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10305
+#: freeculture.xml:10309
 msgid ""
 "This financial burden is not slight. As Harvard law professor William Fisher "
 "estimates, if an Internet radio station distributed adfree popular music to "
@@ -14538,7 +14548,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10341
+#: freeculture.xml:10345
 msgid ""
 "The burden is not financial only. Under the original rules that were "
 "proposed, an Internet radio station (but not a terrestrial radio station) "
@@ -14547,57 +14557,57 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10349
+#: freeculture.xml:10353
 msgid "name of the service;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10352
+#: freeculture.xml:10356
 msgid "channel of the program (AM/FM stations use station ID);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10355
+#: freeculture.xml:10359
 msgid "type of program (archived/looped/live);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10358
+#: freeculture.xml:10362
 msgid "date of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10361
+#: freeculture.xml:10365
 msgid "time of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10364
+#: freeculture.xml:10368
 msgid "time zone of origination of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10367
+#: freeculture.xml:10371
 msgid "numeric designation of the place of the sound recording within the program;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10370
+#: freeculture.xml:10374
 msgid "duration of transmission (to nearest second);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10373
+#: freeculture.xml:10377
 msgid "sound recording title;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10376
+#: freeculture.xml:10380
 msgid "ISRC code of the recording;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10379
+#: freeculture.xml:10383
 msgid ""
 "release year of the album per copyright notice and in the case of "
 "compilation albums, the release year of the album and copy- right date of "
@@ -14605,77 +14615,77 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10382
+#: freeculture.xml:10386
 msgid "featured recording artist;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10385
+#: freeculture.xml:10389
 msgid "retail album title;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10388
+#: freeculture.xml:10392
 msgid "recording label;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10391
+#: freeculture.xml:10395
 msgid "UPC code of the retail album;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10394
+#: freeculture.xml:10398
 msgid "catalog number;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10397
+#: freeculture.xml:10401
 msgid "copyright owner information;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10400
+#: freeculture.xml:10404
 msgid "musical genre of the channel or program (station format);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10403
+#: freeculture.xml:10407
 msgid "name of the service or entity;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10406
+#: freeculture.xml:10410
 msgid "channel or program;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10409
+#: freeculture.xml:10413
 msgid "date and time that the user logged in (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10412
+#: freeculture.xml:10416
 msgid "date and time that the user logged out (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10415
+#: freeculture.xml:10419
 msgid "time zone where the signal was received (user);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10418
+#: freeculture.xml:10422
 msgid "unique user identifier;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10421
+#: freeculture.xml:10425
 msgid "the country in which the user received the transmissions."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10426
+#: freeculture.xml:10430
 msgid ""
 "The Librarian of Congress eventually suspended these reporting requirements, "
 "pending further study. And he also changed the original rates set by the "
@@ -14686,7 +14696,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10434
+#: freeculture.xml:10438
 msgid ""
 "Why? What justifies this difference? Was there any study of the economic "
 "consequences from Internet radio that would justify these differences? Was "
@@ -14694,12 +14704,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10438 freeculture.xml:15243
+#: freeculture.xml:10442 freeculture.xml:15247
 msgid "Real Networks"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10444
+#: freeculture.xml:10448
 msgid ""
 "In a rare bit of candor, one RIAA expert admitted what seemed obvious to "
 "everyone at the time. As Alex Alben, vice president for Public Policy at "
@@ -14708,7 +14718,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 208 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10450
+#: freeculture.xml:10454
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA, which was representing the record labels, presented some testimony "
 "about what they thought a willing buyer would pay to a willing seller, and "
@@ -14722,7 +14732,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10466
+#: freeculture.xml:10470
 msgid ""
 "And the RIAA experts said, <quote>Well, we don't really model this as an "
 "industry with thousands of webcasters, <emphasis>we think it should be an "
@@ -14731,7 +14741,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10478
+#: freeculture.xml:10482
 msgid ""
 "Translation: The aim is to use the law to eliminate competition, so that "
 "this platform of potentially immense competition, which would cause the "
@@ -14742,12 +14752,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10494
+#: freeculture.xml:10498
 msgid "Corrupting Citizens"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10496
+#: freeculture.xml:10500
 msgid ""
 "Overregulation stifles creativity. It smothers innovation. It gives "
 "dinosaurs a veto over the future. It wastes the extraordinary opportunity "
@@ -14755,7 +14765,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10502
+#: freeculture.xml:10506
 msgid ""
 "In addition to these important harms, there is one more that was important "
 "to our forebears, but seems forgotten today. Overregulation corrupts "
@@ -14764,7 +14774,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10511
+#: freeculture.xml:10515
 msgid ""
 "Mike Graziano and Lee Rainie, <quote>The Music Downloading Deluge,</quote> "
 "Pew Internet and American Life Project (24 April 2001), available at <ulink "
@@ -14775,7 +14785,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 209 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10507
+#: freeculture.xml:10511
 msgid ""
 "The war that is being waged today is a war of prohibition. As with every war "
 "of prohibition, it is targeted against the behavior of a very large number "
@@ -14793,7 +14803,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10545
+#: freeculture.xml:10549
 msgid ""
 "Alex Pham, <quote>The Labels Strike Back: N.Y. Girl Settles RIAA "
 "Case,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, "
@@ -14801,7 +14811,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10532
+#: freeculture.xml:10536
 msgid ""
 "The content industry's tactics exploit the failings of the American legal "
 "system. When the RIAA brought suit against Jesse Jordan, it knew that in "
@@ -14823,13 +14833,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10556
+#: freeculture.xml:10560
 msgid "alcohol prohibition"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10568
+#: freeculture.xml:10572
 msgid ""
 "Jeffrey A. Miron and Jeffrey Zwiebel, <quote>Alcohol Consumption During "
 "Prohibition,</quote> <citetitle>American Economic Review</citetitle> 81, "
@@ -14838,7 +14848,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10576
+#: freeculture.xml:10580
 msgid ""
 "National Drug Control Policy: Hearing Before the House Government Reform "
 "Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (5 March 2003) (statement of John "
@@ -14847,7 +14857,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10586
+#: freeculture.xml:10590
 msgid ""
 "See James Andreoni, Brian Erard, and Jonathon Feinstein, <quote>Tax "
 "Compliance,</quote> <citetitle>Journal of Economic Literature</citetitle> 36 "
@@ -14855,7 +14865,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10558
+#: freeculture.xml:10562
 msgid ""
 "Wars of prohibition are nothing new in America. This one is just something "
 "more extreme than anything we've seen before. We experimented with alcohol "
@@ -14878,12 +14888,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10594
+#: freeculture.xml:10598
 msgid "law schools"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10596
+#: freeculture.xml:10600
 msgid ""
 "This state of affairs is not without consequence. It is a particularly "
 "salient issue for teachers like me, whose job it is to teach law students "
@@ -14902,7 +14912,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10613
+#: freeculture.xml:10617
 msgid ""
 "The response to this general illegality is either to enforce the law more "
 "severely or to change the law. We, as a society, have to learn how to make "
@@ -14916,7 +14926,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 211 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10626
+#: freeculture.xml:10630
 msgid ""
 "My point is not the idiotic one: Just because people violate a law, we "
 "should therefore repeal it. Obviously, we could reduce murder statistics "
@@ -14926,7 +14936,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10633
+#: freeculture.xml:10637
 msgid ""
 "My point is instead one that democracies understood for generations, but "
 "that we recently have learned to forget. The rule of law depends upon people "
@@ -14943,7 +14953,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10647
+#: freeculture.xml:10651
 msgid ""
 "When at least forty-three million citizens download content from the "
 "Internet, and when they use tools to combine that content in ways "
@@ -14957,13 +14967,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10659
+#: freeculture.xml:10663
 msgid "This abstract point can be made more clear with a particular example."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 212 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10662
+#: freeculture.xml:10666
 msgid ""
 "We all own CDs. Many of us still own phonograph records. These pieces of "
 "plastic encode music that in a certain sense we have bought.  The law "
@@ -14974,7 +14984,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10673
+#: freeculture.xml:10677
 msgid ""
 "But as the MP3 craze has demonstrated, there is another use of phonograph "
 "records that is effectively free. Because these recordings were made without "
@@ -14986,17 +14996,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10681
+#: freeculture.xml:10685
 msgid "Andromeda"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10682
+#: freeculture.xml:10686
 msgid "mix technology and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10684
+#: freeculture.xml:10688
 msgid ""
 "This <quote>use</quote> of my records is certainly valuable. I have begun a "
 "large process at home of ripping all of my and my wife's CDs, and storing "
@@ -15010,7 +15020,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10695
+#: freeculture.xml:10699
 msgid ""
 "This use is enabled by unprotected media&mdash;either CDs or records.  But "
 "unprotected media also enable file sharing. File sharing threatens (or so "
@@ -15023,7 +15033,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 213 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10705
+#: freeculture.xml:10709
 msgid ""
 "If these technologies took off, then the building of large archives of your "
 "own music would become quite difficult. You might hang in hacker circles, "
@@ -15037,7 +15047,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10720
+#: freeculture.xml:10724
 msgid ""
 "If the only way to assure that artists get paid were the elimination of the "
 "ability to freely move content, then these technologies to interfere with "
@@ -15049,7 +15059,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10729
+#: freeculture.xml:10733
 msgid ""
 "My point just now is not to prove that there is such a system. I offer a "
 "version of such a system in the last chapter of this book. For now, the only "
@@ -15062,7 +15072,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10740
+#: freeculture.xml:10744
 msgid ""
 "I believe there is a way to assure that artists are paid without turning "
 "forty-three million Americans into felons. But the salient feature of this "
@@ -15074,7 +15084,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10749
+#: freeculture.xml:10753
 msgid ""
 "Except that this generation's buggy manufacturers have already saddled "
 "Congress, and are riding the law to protect themselves against this new form "
@@ -15084,7 +15094,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 214 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10755
+#: freeculture.xml:10759
 msgid ""
 "It is understandable why they choose as they do. It is not understandable "
 "why we as a democracy continue to choose as we do. Jack Valenti is charming; "
@@ -15093,7 +15103,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10766
+#: freeculture.xml:10770
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There's one more</emphasis> aspect to this "
 "corruption that is particularly important to civil liberties, and follows "
@@ -15105,19 +15115,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10774 freeculture.xml:10874
+#: freeculture.xml:10778 freeculture.xml:10878
 msgid "von Lohmann, Fred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10776
+#: freeculture.xml:10780
 msgid ""
 "<quote>If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,</quote> von "
 "Lohmann explains,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10781
+#: freeculture.xml:10785
 msgid ""
 "then all of a sudden a lot of basic civil liberty protections evaporate to "
 "one degree or another. &hellip; If you're a copyright infringer, how can you "
@@ -15131,7 +15141,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10793
+#: freeculture.xml:10797
 msgid ""
 "And the consequence of this transformation of the American public into "
 "criminals is that it becomes trivial, as a matter of due process, to "
@@ -15139,7 +15149,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10798
+#: freeculture.xml:10802
 msgid ""
 "Users of the Internet began to see this generally in 2003 as the RIAA "
 "launched its campaign to force Internet service providers to turn over the "
@@ -15151,7 +15161,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10816
+#: freeculture.xml:10820
 msgid ""
 "See Frank Ahrens, <quote>RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single "
 "Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,</quote> "
@@ -15168,7 +15178,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10807
+#: freeculture.xml:10811
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA then expanded this campaign, by announcing a general strategy to "
 "sue individual users of the Internet who are alleged to have downloaded "
@@ -15182,7 +15192,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10834
+#: freeculture.xml:10838
 msgid ""
 "See <quote>Revealed: How RIAA Tracks Downloaders: Music Industry Discloses "
 "Some Methods Used,</quote> CNN.com, available at <ulink "
@@ -15190,7 +15200,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10830
+#: freeculture.xml:10834
 msgid ""
 "Even this understates the espionage that is being waged by the RIAA. A "
 "report from CNN late last summer described a strategy the RIAA had adopted "
@@ -15202,7 +15212,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10855
+#: freeculture.xml:10859
 msgid ""
 "See Jeff Adler, <quote>Cambridge: On Campus, Pirates Are Not "
 "Penitent,</quote> <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 18 May 2003, City "
@@ -15225,7 +15235,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10843
+#: freeculture.xml:10847
 msgid ""
 "So imagine the following not-implausible scenario: Imagine a friend gives a "
 "CD to your daughter&mdash;a collection of songs just like the cassettes you "
@@ -15243,7 +15253,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 216 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10876
+#: freeculture.xml:10880
 msgid ""
 "Now, of course, she'll have the right to defend herself. You can hire a "
 "lawyer for her (at $300 per hour, if you're lucky), and she can plead that "
@@ -15257,7 +15267,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10891
+#: freeculture.xml:10895
 msgid ""
 "So when we're talking about numbers like forty to sixty million Americans "
 "that are essentially copyright infringers, you create a situation where the "
@@ -15278,7 +15288,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10911
+#: freeculture.xml:10915
 msgid ""
 "When forty to sixty million Americans are considered "
 "<quote>criminals</quote> under the law, and when the law could achieve the "
@@ -15289,12 +15299,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10924
+#: freeculture.xml:10928
 msgid "BALANCES"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10929
+#: freeculture.xml:10933
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>So here's</emphasis> the picture: You're standing at "
 "the side of the road. Your car is on fire. You are angry and upset because "
@@ -15304,7 +15314,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10936
+#: freeculture.xml:10940
 msgid ""
 "As you ponder the mess, someone else comes along. In a panic, she grabs the "
 "bucket. Before you have a chance to tell her to stop&mdash;or before she "
@@ -15314,7 +15324,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10944
+#: freeculture.xml:10948
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>A war</emphasis> about copyright rages all "
 "around&mdash;and we're all focusing on the wrong thing. No doubt, current "
@@ -15327,7 +15337,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 219 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10954
+#: freeculture.xml:10958
 msgid ""
 "Yet policy makers are not willing to leave this fire to itself. Primed with "
 "plenty of lobbyists' money, they are keen to intervene to eliminate the "
@@ -15337,7 +15347,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10962
+#: freeculture.xml:10966
 msgid ""
 "Somehow we have to find a way to turn attention to this more important and "
 "fundamental issue. Somehow we have to find a way to avoid pouring gasoline "
@@ -15345,7 +15355,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10967
+#: freeculture.xml:10971
 msgid ""
 "We have not found that way yet. Instead, we seem trapped in a simpler, "
 "binary view. However much many people push to frame this debate more "
@@ -15354,7 +15364,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10973
+#: freeculture.xml:10977
 msgid ""
 "This challenge has been my life these last few years. It has also been my "
 "failure. In the two chapters that follow, I describe one small brace of "
@@ -15363,22 +15373,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10983
+#: freeculture.xml:10987
 msgid "CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Eldred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10984
+#: freeculture.xml:10988
 msgid "Eldred, Eric"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10985
+#: freeculture.xml:10989
 msgid "Hawthorne, Nathaniel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10987
+#: freeculture.xml:10991
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In 1995</emphasis>, a father was frustrated that his "
 "daughters didn't seem to like Hawthorne. No doubt there was more than one "
@@ -15390,17 +15400,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10995
+#: freeculture.xml:10999
 msgid "of public-domain literature"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10996
+#: freeculture.xml:11000
 msgid "library of works derived from"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10998
+#: freeculture.xml:11002
 msgid ""
 "It didn't work&mdash;at least for his daughters. They didn't find Hawthorne "
 "any more interesting than before. But Eldred's experiment gave birth to a "
@@ -15410,7 +15420,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 221 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11007
+#: freeculture.xml:11011
 msgid ""
 "Eldred's library was not simply a copy of certain public domain works, "
 "though even a copy would have been of great value to people across the world "
@@ -15422,12 +15432,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11017
+#: freeculture.xml:11021
 msgid "Scarlet Letter, The (Hawthorne)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11019
+#: freeculture.xml:11023
 msgid ""
 "Eldred's freedom to do this with Hawthorne's work grew from the same source "
 "as Disney's. Hawthorne's <citetitle>Scarlet Letter</citetitle> had passed "
@@ -15443,12 +15453,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11044 freeculture.xml:12091
+#: freeculture.xml:11048 freeculture.xml:12095
 msgid "pornography"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11044
+#: freeculture.xml:11048
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> There's a parallel here with "
 "pornography that is a bit hard to describe, but it's a strong one. One "
@@ -15467,7 +15477,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11033
+#: freeculture.xml:11037
 msgid ""
 "The Internet created the possibility of noncommercial publications of public "
 "domain works. Eldred's is just one example. There are literally thousands of "
@@ -15482,17 +15492,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11064
+#: freeculture.xml:11068
 msgid "Frost, Robert"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11065
+#: freeculture.xml:11069
 msgid "New Hampshire (Frost)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11069
+#: freeculture.xml:11073
 msgid ""
 "As I said, Eldred lives in New Hampshire. In 1998, Robert Frost's collection "
 "of poems <citetitle>New Hampshire</citetitle> was slated to pass into the "
@@ -15508,17 +15518,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11084 freeculture.xml:11096
+#: freeculture.xml:11088 freeculture.xml:11100
 msgid "Bono, Mary"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11085 freeculture.xml:11097
+#: freeculture.xml:11089 freeculture.xml:11101
 msgid "Bono, Sonny"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11096
+#: freeculture.xml:11100
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> The full text is: <quote>Sonny [Bono] wanted the term of "
@@ -15531,7 +15541,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11091
+#: freeculture.xml:11095
 msgid ""
 "This was the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), enacted in "
 "memory of the congressman and former musician Sonny Bono, who, his widow, "
@@ -15540,27 +15550,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11108
+#: freeculture.xml:11112
 msgid "felony punishment for infringement of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11109
+#: freeculture.xml:11113
 msgid "NET (No Electronic Theft) Act (1998)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11110
+#: freeculture.xml:11114
 msgid "No Electronic Theft (NET) Act (1998)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11111
+#: freeculture.xml:11115
 msgid "felony punishments for"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11113
+#: freeculture.xml:11117
 msgid ""
 "Eldred decided to fight this law. He first resolved to fight it through "
 "civil disobedience. In a series of interviews, Eldred announced that he "
@@ -15571,17 +15581,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11122 freeculture.xml:12059
+#: freeculture.xml:11126 freeculture.xml:12063
 msgid "constitutional powers of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11125 freeculture.xml:11171
+#: freeculture.xml:11129 freeculture.xml:11175
 msgid "Eldred case involvement of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11127
+#: freeculture.xml:11131
 msgid ""
 "It was here that I became involved in Eldred's battle. I was a "
 "constitutional scholar whose first passion was constitutional "
@@ -15591,7 +15601,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11138
+#: freeculture.xml:11142
 msgid ""
 "Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science &hellip; by "
 "securing for limited Times to Authors &hellip; exclusive Right to their "
@@ -15599,7 +15609,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11145
+#: freeculture.xml:11149
 msgid ""
 "As I've described, this clause is unique within the power-granting clause of "
 "Article I, section 8 of our Constitution. Every other clause granting power "
@@ -15613,13 +15623,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11157 freeculture.xml:12653
+#: freeculture.xml:11161 freeculture.xml:12657
 msgid "Jaszi, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 223 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11159
+#: freeculture.xml:11163
 msgid ""
 "In the past forty years, Congress has gotten into the practice of extending "
 "existing terms of copyright protection. What puzzled me about this was, if "
@@ -15632,7 +15642,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11173
+#: freeculture.xml:11177
 msgid ""
 "As an academic, my first response was to hit the books. I remember sitting "
 "late at the office, scouring on-line databases for any serious consideration "
@@ -15645,7 +15655,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11184
+#: freeculture.xml:11188
 msgid ""
 "For this is the core of the corruption in our present system of "
 "government. <quote>Corruption</quote> not in the sense that representatives "
@@ -15657,7 +15667,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11193
+#: freeculture.xml:11197
 msgid ""
 "If that's not obvious to you, consider the following: Say you're one of the "
 "very few lucky copyright owners whose copyright continues to make money one "
@@ -15669,7 +15679,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11203
+#: freeculture.xml:11207
 msgid ""
 "So imagine the Robert Frost estate is earning $100,000 a year from three of "
 "Frost's poems. And imagine the copyright for those poems is about to "
@@ -15679,7 +15689,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 224 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11210
+#: freeculture.xml:11214
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Next year,</quote> the adviser announces, <quote>our copyrights in "
 "works A, B, and C will expire. That means that after next year, we will no "
@@ -15688,7 +15698,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11218
+#: freeculture.xml:11222
 msgid ""
 "<quote>There's a proposal in Congress, however,</quote> she continues, "
 "<quote>that could change this. A few congressmen are floating a bill to "
@@ -15697,14 +15707,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11224
+#: freeculture.xml:11228
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Hope?</quote> a fellow board member says. <quote>Can't we be doing "
 "something about it?</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11228
+#: freeculture.xml:11232
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Well, obviously, yes,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>We could "
 "contribute to the campaigns of a number of representatives to try to assure "
@@ -15712,7 +15722,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11233
+#: freeculture.xml:11237
 msgid ""
 "You hate politics. You hate contributing to campaigns. So you want to know "
 "whether this disgusting practice is worth it. <quote>How much would we get "
@@ -15721,7 +15731,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11239
+#: freeculture.xml:11243
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Well,</quote> the adviser says, <quote>if you're confident that you "
 "will continue to get at least $100,000 a year from these copyrights, and you "
@@ -15730,14 +15740,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11245
+#: freeculture.xml:11249
 msgid ""
 "You're a bit shocked by the number, but you quickly come to the correct "
 "conclusion:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11249
+#: freeculture.xml:11253
 msgid ""
 "<quote>So you're saying it would be worth it for us to pay more than "
 "$1,000,000 in campaign contributions if we were confident those "
@@ -15745,7 +15755,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11255
+#: freeculture.xml:11259
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Absolutely,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>It is worth it to "
 "you to contribute up to the `present value' of the income you expect from "
@@ -15754,7 +15764,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 225 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11261
+#: freeculture.xml:11265
 msgid ""
 "You quickly get the point&mdash;you as the member of the board and, I trust, "
 "you the reader. Each time copyrights are about to expire, every beneficiary "
@@ -15766,7 +15776,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11272
+#: freeculture.xml:11276
 msgid ""
 "Thus a congressional perpetual motion machine: So long as legislation can be "
 "bought (albeit indirectly), there will be all the incentive in the world to "
@@ -15775,7 +15785,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11284
+#: freeculture.xml:11288
 msgid ""
 "Associated Press, <quote>Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey "
 "Mouse Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,</quote> "
@@ -15784,7 +15794,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11291
+#: freeculture.xml:11295
 msgid ""
 "See Nick Brown, <quote>Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information "
 "Age,</quote> available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
@@ -15793,7 +15803,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11299
+#: freeculture.xml:11303
 msgid ""
 "Alan K. Ota, <quote>Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8 August 1990, "
@@ -15801,7 +15811,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11277
+#: freeculture.xml:11281
 msgid ""
 "In the lobbying that led to the passage of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term "
 "Extension Act, this <quote>theory</quote> about incentives was proved "
@@ -15816,7 +15826,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11306
+#: freeculture.xml:11310
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Constitutional law</emphasis> is not oblivious to "
 "the obvious. Or at least, it need not be. So when I was considering Eldred's "
@@ -15831,7 +15841,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 226 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11321
+#: freeculture.xml:11325
 msgid ""
 "It was also my judgment that <emphasis>this</emphasis> Supreme Court would "
 "not allow Congress to extend existing terms. As anyone close to the Supreme "
@@ -15843,7 +15853,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11334
+#: freeculture.xml:11338
 msgid ""
 "Since 1937, the Supreme Court had interpreted Congress's granted powers very "
 "broadly; so, while the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate "
@@ -15853,7 +15863,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11344
+#: freeculture.xml:11348
 msgid ""
 "As the economy grew, this standard increasingly meant that there was no "
 "limit to Congress's power to regulate, since just about every activity, when "
@@ -15863,12 +15873,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11350 freeculture.xml:12140
+#: freeculture.xml:11354 freeculture.xml:12144
 msgid "Rehnquist, William H."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11352
+#: freeculture.xml:11356
 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice Rehnquist's command, changed that in "
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. The "
@@ -15884,7 +15894,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11367
+#: freeculture.xml:11371
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>, 514 "
 "U.S. 549, 564 (1995)."
@@ -15892,14 +15902,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11374
+#: freeculture.xml:11378
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Morrison</citetitle>, 529 "
 "U.S. 598 (2000)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11365
+#: freeculture.xml:11369
 msgid ""
 "<quote>We pause to consider the implications of the government's "
 "arguments,</quote> the Chief Justice wrote.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -15912,7 +15922,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11381
+#: freeculture.xml:11385
 msgid ""
 "If it is a principle about enumerated powers, then the principle carries "
 "from one enumerated power to another. The animating point in the context of "
@@ -15927,7 +15937,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 227 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11378
+#: freeculture.xml:11382
 msgid ""
 "If a principle were at work here, then it should apply to the Progress "
 "Clause as much as the Commerce Clause.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -15941,7 +15951,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11402
+#: freeculture.xml:11406
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>If</emphasis>, that is, the principle announced in "
 "<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> stood for a principle.  Many believed the "
@@ -15957,7 +15967,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11419
+#: freeculture.xml:11423
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Now let's pause</emphasis> for a moment to make sure "
 "we understand what the argument in <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was not "
@@ -15977,13 +15987,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11436
+#: freeculture.xml:11440
 msgid "Nashville Songwriters Association"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11444
+#: freeculture.xml:11448
 msgid ""
 "Brief of the Nashville Songwriters Association, "
 "<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S.  "
@@ -15992,7 +16002,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11438
+#: freeculture.xml:11442
 msgid ""
 "Some people view the public domain with contempt. In their brief before the "
 "Supreme Court, the Nashville Songwriters Association wrote that the public "
@@ -16004,7 +16014,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11454
+#: freeculture.xml:11458
 msgid ""
 "As we've seen, our constitutional system requires limits on copyright as a "
 "way to assure that copyright holders do not too heavily influence the "
@@ -16016,7 +16026,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11466
+#: freeculture.xml:11470
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It is valuable</emphasis> copyrights that are "
 "responsible for terms being extended.  Mickey Mouse and <quote>Rhapsody in "
@@ -16031,7 +16041,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11484
+#: freeculture.xml:11488
 msgid ""
 "The figure of 2 percent is an extrapolation from the study by the "
 "Congressional Research Service, in light of the estimated renewal "
@@ -16041,7 +16051,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11478
+#: freeculture.xml:11482
 msgid ""
 "If you look at the work created in the first twenty years (1923 to 1942) "
 "affected by the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, 2 percent of that "
@@ -16053,7 +16063,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 229 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11493
+#: freeculture.xml:11497
 msgid ""
 "Think practically about the consequence of this extension&mdash;practically, "
 "as a businessperson, and not as a lawyer eager for more legal work. In 1930, "
@@ -16064,7 +16074,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11506
+#: freeculture.xml:11510
 msgid ""
 "Well, first, you'd have to determine which of the 9,873 books were still "
 "under copyright. That requires going to a library (these data are not "
@@ -16075,14 +16085,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11514
+#: freeculture.xml:11518
 msgid ""
 "Then for the books still under copyright, you would need to locate the "
 "current copyright owners. How would you do that?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11518
+#: freeculture.xml:11522
 msgid ""
 "Most people think that there must be a list of these copyright owners "
 "somewhere. Practical people think this way. How could there be thousands and "
@@ -16090,7 +16100,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11525
+#: freeculture.xml:11529
 msgid ""
 "But there is no list. There may be a name from 1930, and then in 1959, of "
 "the person who registered the copyright. But just think practically about "
@@ -16100,7 +16110,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11534
+#: freeculture.xml:11538
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But there isn't a list of who owns property generally,</quote> the "
 "apologists for the system respond. <quote>Why should there be a list of "
@@ -16108,7 +16118,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11539
+#: freeculture.xml:11543
 msgid ""
 "Well, actually, if you think about it, there <emphasis>are</emphasis> plenty "
 "of lists of who owns what property. Think about deeds on houses, or titles "
@@ -16120,7 +16130,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 230 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11548
+#: freeculture.xml:11552
 msgid ""
 "So: You walk down a street and see a house. You can know who owns the house "
 "by looking it up in the courthouse registry. If you see a car, there is "
@@ -16134,7 +16144,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11563
+#: freeculture.xml:11567
 msgid ""
 "Compare this story to intangible property. You go into a library.  The "
 "library owns the books. But who owns the copyrights? As I've already "
@@ -16148,7 +16158,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11575
+#: freeculture.xml:11579
 msgid ""
 "The consequence with respect to old books is that they won't be digitized, "
 "and hence will simply rot away on shelves. But the consequence for other "
@@ -16156,28 +16166,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11580
+#: freeculture.xml:11584
 msgid "Agee, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11581 freeculture.xml:12016
+#: freeculture.xml:11585 freeculture.xml:12020
 msgid "Hal Roach Studios"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11582
+#: freeculture.xml:11586
 msgid "Laurel and Hardy Films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11583
+#: freeculture.xml:11587
 msgid "Lucky Dog, The"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11596
+#: freeculture.xml:11600
 msgid ""
 "See David G. Savage, <quote>High Court Scene of Showdown on Copyright "
 "Law,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 6 October 2002; David "
@@ -16187,7 +16197,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11585
+#: freeculture.xml:11589
 msgid ""
 "Consider the story of Michael Agee, chairman of Hal Roach Studios, which "
 "owns the copyrights for the Laurel and Hardy films. Agee is a direct "
@@ -16202,7 +16212,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11603
+#: freeculture.xml:11607
 msgid ""
 "Yet Agee opposed the CTEA. His reasons demonstrate a rare virtue in this "
 "culture: selflessness. He argued in a brief before the Supreme Court that "
@@ -16212,7 +16222,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 231 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11609
+#: freeculture.xml:11613
 msgid ""
 "His argument is straightforward. A tiny fraction of this work has any "
 "continuing commercial value. The rest&mdash;to the extent it survives at "
@@ -16224,7 +16234,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11627
+#: freeculture.xml:11631
 msgid ""
 "Brief of Hal Roach Studios and Michael Agee as Amicus Curiae Supporting the "
 "Petitoners, <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
@@ -16236,7 +16246,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11620
+#: freeculture.xml:11624
 msgid ""
 "We can't know the benefits, but we do know a lot about the costs.  For most "
 "of the history of film, the costs of restoring film were very high; digital "
@@ -16247,7 +16257,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11637
+#: freeculture.xml:11641
 msgid ""
 "Restoration technology is not the only cost, nor the most important.  "
 "Lawyers, too, are a cost, and increasingly, a very important one. In "
@@ -16257,7 +16267,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11645
+#: freeculture.xml:11649
 msgid ""
 "Or more accurately, <emphasis>owners</emphasis>. As we've seen, there isn't "
 "only a single copyright associated with a film; there are many. There isn't "
@@ -16268,7 +16278,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11653
+#: freeculture.xml:11657
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But can't you just restore the film, distribute it, and then pay the "
 "copyright owner when she shows up?</quote> Sure, if you want to commit a "
@@ -16283,7 +16293,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 232 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11664
+#: freeculture.xml:11668
 msgid ""
 "For some films, the benefit of releasing the film may well exceed these "
 "costs. But for the vast majority of them, there is no way the benefit would "
@@ -16293,7 +16303,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11675
+#: freeculture.xml:11679
 msgid ""
 "But by the time the copyright for these films expires, the film will have "
 "expired. These films were produced on nitrate-based stock, and nitrate stock "
@@ -16302,7 +16312,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11683
+#: freeculture.xml:11687
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Of all the</emphasis> creative work produced by "
 "humans anywhere, a tiny fraction has continuing commercial value. For that "
@@ -16313,7 +16323,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11691
+#: freeculture.xml:11695
 msgid ""
 "But even for that tiny fraction, the actual time during which the creative "
 "work has a commercial life is extremely short. As I've indicated, most books "
@@ -16324,7 +16334,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11701
+#: freeculture.xml:11705
 msgid ""
 "Yet that doesn't mean the life of the creative work ends. We don't keep "
 "libraries of books in order to compete with Barnes &amp; Noble, and we don't "
@@ -16338,7 +16348,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 233 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11714
+#: freeculture.xml:11718
 msgid ""
 "Copyrights in this context do not drive an engine of free expression.  In "
 "this context, there is no need for an exclusive right. Copyrights in this "
@@ -16346,7 +16356,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11721
+#: freeculture.xml:11725
 msgid ""
 "Yet, for most of our history, they also did little harm. For most of our "
 "history, when a work ended its commercial life, there was no "
@@ -16359,7 +16369,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11732
+#: freeculture.xml:11736
 msgid ""
 "The same was effectively true of film. Because the costs of restoring a "
 "film&mdash;the real economic costs, not the lawyer costs&mdash;were so high, "
@@ -16370,7 +16380,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11741
+#: freeculture.xml:11745
 msgid ""
 "In other words, though copyright has been relatively short for most of our "
 "history, long copyrights wouldn't have mattered for the works that lost "
@@ -16379,12 +16389,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11747
+#: freeculture.xml:11751
 msgid "But this situation has now changed."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11751
+#: freeculture.xml:11755
 msgid ""
 "One crucially important consequence of the emergence of digital technologies "
 "is to enable the archive that Brewster Kahle dreams of.  Digital "
@@ -16399,7 +16409,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 234 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11764
+#: freeculture.xml:11768
 msgid ""
 "And now copyright law does get in the way. Every step of producing this "
 "digital archive of our culture infringes on the exclusive right of "
@@ -16412,7 +16422,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11774
+#: freeculture.xml:11778
 msgid ""
 "Here is the core of the harm that comes from extending terms: Now that "
 "technology enables us to rebuild the library of Alexandria, the law gets in "
@@ -16426,7 +16436,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11785
+#: freeculture.xml:11789
 msgid ""
 "You may well ask, <quote>But if digital technologies lower the costs for "
 "Brewster Kahle, then they will lower the costs for Random House, too.  So "
@@ -16435,7 +16445,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11791
+#: freeculture.xml:11795
 msgid ""
 "Maybe. Someday. But there is absolutely no evidence to suggest that "
 "publishers would be as complete as libraries. If Barnes &amp; Noble offered "
@@ -16450,7 +16460,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11815
+#: freeculture.xml:11819
 msgid ""
 "Jason Schultz, <quote>The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,</quote> "
 "20 December 2002, available at <ulink "
@@ -16458,7 +16468,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11803
+#: freeculture.xml:11807
 msgid ""
 "I would be the first to agree that it should do as much as it can: We should "
 "rely upon the market as much as possible to spread and enable culture. My "
@@ -16472,7 +16482,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11822
+#: freeculture.xml:11826
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In January 1999</emphasis>, we filed a lawsuit on "
 "Eric Eldred's behalf in federal district court in Washington, D.C., asking "
@@ -16484,7 +16494,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11831
+#: freeculture.xml:11835
 msgid ""
 "The district court dismissed our claims without even hearing an argument.  A "
 "panel of the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit also dismissed our "
@@ -16494,7 +16504,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11838
+#: freeculture.xml:11842
 msgid ""
 "Judge David Sentelle said the CTEA violated the requirement that copyrights "
 "be for <quote>limited Times</quote> only. His argument was as elegant as it "
@@ -16508,7 +16518,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11849
+#: freeculture.xml:11853
 msgid ""
 "We asked the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit as a whole to hear the "
 "case. Cases are ordinarily heard in panels of three, except for important "
@@ -16517,13 +16527,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11854
+#: freeculture.xml:11858
 msgid "Tatel, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 236 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11856
+#: freeculture.xml:11860
 msgid ""
 "The Court of Appeals rejected our request to hear the case en banc.  This "
 "time, Judge Sentelle was joined by the most liberal member of the "
@@ -16533,7 +16543,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11865
+#: freeculture.xml:11869
 msgid ""
 "It was here that most expected Eldred v. Ashcroft would die, for the Supreme "
 "Court rarely reviews any decision by a court of appeals. (It hears about one "
@@ -16543,7 +16553,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11872
+#: freeculture.xml:11876
 msgid ""
 "But in February 2002, the Supreme Court surprised the world by granting our "
 "petition to review the D.C. Circuit opinion. Argument was set for October of "
@@ -16551,7 +16561,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11878
+#: freeculture.xml:11882
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It is over</emphasis> a year later as I write these "
 "words. It is still astonishingly hard. If you know anything at all about "
@@ -16564,7 +16574,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11889
+#: freeculture.xml:11893
 msgid ""
 "But my client and these friends were wrong. This case could have been "
 "won. It should have been won. And no matter how hard I try to retell this "
@@ -16572,13 +16582,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11894 freeculture.xml:11908
+#: freeculture.xml:11898 freeculture.xml:11912
 msgid "Steward, Geoffrey"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 237 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11896
+#: freeculture.xml:11900
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The mistake</emphasis> was made early, though it "
 "became obvious only at the very end. Our case had been supported from the "
@@ -16590,17 +16600,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11906 freeculture.xml:12269 freeculture.xml:12285 freeculture.xml:12382 freeculture.xml:12602 freeculture.xml:12633 freeculture.xml:12731
+#: freeculture.xml:11910 freeculture.xml:12273 freeculture.xml:12289 freeculture.xml:12386 freeculture.xml:12606 freeculture.xml:12637 freeculture.xml:12735
 msgid "Ayer, Don"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11907
+#: freeculture.xml:11911
 msgid "Bromberg, Dan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11910
+#: freeculture.xml:11914
 msgid ""
 "There were three key lawyers on the case from Jones Day. Geoff Stewart was "
 "the first, but then Dan Bromberg and Don Ayer became quite "
@@ -16613,7 +16623,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11920
+#: freeculture.xml:11924
 msgid ""
 "I hate this view of the law. Of course I thought the Sonny Bono Act was a "
 "dramatic harm to free speech and free culture. Of course I still think it "
@@ -16635,7 +16645,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11941
+#: freeculture.xml:11945
 msgid ""
 "In any case, I thought, the Court must already see the danger and the harm "
 "caused by this sort of law. Why else would they grant review? There was no "
@@ -16646,7 +16656,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 238 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11949
+#: freeculture.xml:11953
 msgid ""
 "There was one way, however, in which I felt politics would matter and in "
 "which I thought a response was appropriate. I was convinced that the Court "
@@ -16665,17 +16675,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11967 freeculture.xml:11994
+#: freeculture.xml:11971 freeculture.xml:11998
 msgid "Eagle Forum"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11968
+#: freeculture.xml:11972
 msgid "Schlafly, Phyllis"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11970
+#: freeculture.xml:11974
 msgid ""
 "The first step happened all by itself. Phyllis Schlafly's organization, "
 "Eagle Forum, had been an opponent of the CTEA from the very beginning.  "
@@ -16692,7 +16702,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11984
+#: freeculture.xml:11988
 msgid ""
 "In the Court of Appeals, Eagle Forum was eager to file a brief supporting "
 "our position. Their brief made the argument that became the core claim in "
@@ -16703,7 +16713,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 239 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11996
+#: freeculture.xml:12000
 msgid ""
 "In the Supreme Court, the briefs on our side were about as diverse as it "
 "gets. They included an extraordinary historical brief by the Free Software "
@@ -16716,17 +16726,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12008
+#: freeculture.xml:12012
 msgid "American Association of Law Libraries"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12009
+#: freeculture.xml:12013
 msgid "National Writers Union"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12011
+#: freeculture.xml:12015
 msgid ""
 "Those briefs framed a legal argument. Then to support the legal argument, "
 "there were a number of powerful briefs by libraries and archives, including "
@@ -16735,7 +16745,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12018
+#: freeculture.xml:12022
 msgid ""
 "But two briefs captured the policy argument best. One made the argument I've "
 "already described: A brief by Hal Roach Studios argued that unless the law "
@@ -16744,32 +16754,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12024
+#: freeculture.xml:12028
 msgid "Akerlof, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12025
+#: freeculture.xml:12029
 msgid "Arrow, Kenneth"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12026
+#: freeculture.xml:12030
 msgid "Buchanan, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12027
+#: freeculture.xml:12031
 msgid "Coase, Ronald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12028
+#: freeculture.xml:12032
 msgid "Friedman, Milton"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12030
+#: freeculture.xml:12034
 msgid ""
 "This economists' brief was signed by seventeen economists, including five "
 "Nobel Prize winners, including Ronald Coase, James Buchanan, Milton "
@@ -16783,28 +16793,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12040 freeculture.xml:12058 freeculture.xml:12271 freeculture.xml:12634
+#: freeculture.xml:12044 freeculture.xml:12062 freeculture.xml:12275 freeculture.xml:12638
 msgid "Fried, Charles"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12041
+#: freeculture.xml:12045
 msgid "Morrison, Alan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12042
+#: freeculture.xml:12046
 msgid "Public Citizen"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12043 freeculture.xml:12270 freeculture.xml:13419
+#: freeculture.xml:12047 freeculture.xml:12274 freeculture.xml:13423
 msgid "Reagan, Ronald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 240 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12045
+#: freeculture.xml:12049
 msgid ""
 "The same effort at balance was reflected in the legal team we gathered to "
 "write our briefs in the case. The Jones Day lawyers had been with us from "
@@ -16818,12 +16828,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12060
+#: freeculture.xml:12064
 msgid "Commerce Clause of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12062
+#: freeculture.xml:12066
 msgid ""
 "Fried was a special victory for our side. Every other former solicitor "
 "general was hired by the other side to defend Congress's power to give media "
@@ -16837,7 +16847,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12074
+#: freeculture.xml:12078
 msgid ""
 "The government, in defending the statute, had its collection of friends, as "
 "well. Significantly, however, none of these <quote>friends</quote> included "
@@ -16847,7 +16857,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12081
+#: freeculture.xml:12085
 msgid ""
 "The media companies were not surprising. They had the most to gain from the "
 "law. The congressmen were not surprising either&mdash;they were defending "
@@ -16858,18 +16868,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12089
+#: freeculture.xml:12093
 msgid "Gershwin, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12090
+#: freeculture.xml:12094
 msgid "Porgy and Bess"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12100
+#: freeculture.xml:12104
 msgid ""
 "Brief of Amici Dr. Seuss Enterprise et al., <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
 "v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S.  (2003) (No. 01-618), 19."
@@ -16877,7 +16887,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12108
+#: freeculture.xml:12112
 msgid ""
 "Dinitia Smith, <quote>Immortal Words, Immortal Royalties? Even Mickey Mouse "
 "Joins the Fray,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 28 March "
@@ -16886,7 +16896,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 241 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12093
+#: freeculture.xml:12097
 msgid ""
 "Dr. Seuss's representatives, for example, argued that it was better for the "
 "Dr. Seuss estate to control what happened to Dr. Seuss's work&mdash; better "
@@ -16903,7 +16913,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12117
+#: freeculture.xml:12121
 msgid ""
 "This argument made clear a theme that is rarely noticed in this debate.  "
 "When Congress decides to extend the term of existing copyrights, Congress is "
@@ -16918,7 +16928,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12129
+#: freeculture.xml:12133
 msgid ""
 "We argued as much in a final brief. Not only would upholding the CTEA mean "
 "that there was no limit to the power of Congress to extend "
@@ -16928,7 +16938,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12136
+#: freeculture.xml:12140
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Between February</emphasis> and October, there was "
 "little I did beyond preparing for this case. Early on, as I said, I set the "
@@ -16936,12 +16946,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12141 freeculture.xml:12327
+#: freeculture.xml:12145 freeculture.xml:12331
 msgid "O'Connor, Sandra Day"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12143
+#: freeculture.xml:12147
 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court was divided into two important camps. One camp we called "
 "<quote>the Conservatives.</quote> The other we called <quote>the "
@@ -16954,18 +16964,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12152 freeculture.xml:12177 freeculture.xml:12529 freeculture.xml:12541
+#: freeculture.xml:12156 freeculture.xml:12181 freeculture.xml:12533 freeculture.xml:12545
 msgid "Breyer, Stephen"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12153 freeculture.xml:12493
+#: freeculture.xml:12157 freeculture.xml:12497
 msgid "Ginsburg, Ruth Bader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 242 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12155
+#: freeculture.xml:12159
 msgid ""
 "The Rest were the four Justices who had strongly opposed limits on "
 "Congress's power. These four&mdash;Justice Stevens, Justice Souter, Justice "
@@ -16978,7 +16988,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12167
+#: freeculture.xml:12171
 msgid ""
 "In particular, the least likely was Justice Ginsburg's. In addition to her "
 "general view about deference to Congress (except where issues of gender are "
@@ -16991,7 +17001,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12179
+#: freeculture.xml:12183
 msgid ""
 "Close behind Justice Ginsburg were two justices whom we also viewed as "
 "unlikely allies, though possible surprises. Justice Souter strongly favored "
@@ -17001,7 +17011,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12188
+#: freeculture.xml:12192
 msgid ""
 "The only vote we could be confident about was that of Justice "
 "Stevens. History will record Justice Stevens as one of the greatest judges "
@@ -17012,7 +17022,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12196
+#: freeculture.xml:12200
 msgid ""
 "This analysis of <quote>the Rest</quote> showed most clearly where our focus "
 "had to be: on the Conservatives. To win this case, we had to crack open "
@@ -17025,7 +17035,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 243 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12206
+#: freeculture.xml:12210
 msgid ""
 "This then was the core of our strategy&mdash;a strategy for which I am "
 "responsible. We would get the Court to see that just as with the "
@@ -17040,7 +17050,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12220
+#: freeculture.xml:12224
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The argument</emphasis> on the government's side "
 "came down to this: Congress has done it before. It should be allowed to do "
@@ -17050,7 +17060,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12228
+#: freeculture.xml:12232
 msgid ""
 "There was some truth to the government's claim, but not much. We certainly "
 "agreed that Congress had extended existing terms in 1831 and in 1909. And of "
@@ -17059,7 +17069,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12235
+#: freeculture.xml:12239
 msgid ""
 "But this <quote>consistency</quote> should be kept in perspective. Congress "
 "extended existing terms once in the first hundred years of the Republic.  It "
@@ -17074,7 +17084,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 244 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12250
+#: freeculture.xml:12254
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Oral argument</emphasis> was scheduled for the first "
 "week in October. I arrived in D.C. two weeks before the argument. During "
@@ -17084,7 +17094,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12260
+#: freeculture.xml:12264
 msgid ""
 "I was convinced that to win, I had to keep the Court focused on a single "
 "point: that if this extension is permitted, then there is no limit to the "
@@ -17095,7 +17105,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12273
+#: freeculture.xml:12277
 msgid ""
 "One moot was before the lawyers at Jones Day. Don Ayer was the skeptic. He "
 "had served in the Reagan Justice Department with Solicitor General Charles "
@@ -17104,7 +17114,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12279
+#: freeculture.xml:12283
 msgid ""
 "<quote>I'm just afraid that unless they really see the harm, they won't be "
 "willing to upset this practice that the government says has been a "
@@ -17114,7 +17124,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12287
+#: freeculture.xml:12291
 msgid ""
 "He may have argued many cases before this Court, I thought, but he didn't "
 "understand its soul. As a clerk, I had seen the Justices do the right "
@@ -17128,7 +17138,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 245 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12297
+#: freeculture.xml:12301
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The night before</emphasis> the argument, a line of "
 "people began to form in front of the Supreme Court. The case had become a "
@@ -17138,7 +17148,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12307
+#: freeculture.xml:12311
 msgid ""
 "Not everyone has to wait in line. People who know the Justices can ask for "
 "seats they control. (I asked Justice Scalia's chambers for seats for my "
@@ -17154,7 +17164,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12322
+#: freeculture.xml:12326
 msgid ""
 "When the Chief Justice called me to begin my argument, I began where I "
 "intended to stay: on the question of the limits on Congress's power. This "
@@ -17163,14 +17173,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12329
+#: freeculture.xml:12333
 msgid ""
 "Justice O'Connor stopped me within one minute of my opening.  The history "
 "was bothering her."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12334
+#: freeculture.xml:12338
 msgid ""
 "justice o'connor: Congress has extended the term so often through the years, "
 "and if you are right, don't we run the risk of upsetting previous extensions "
@@ -17179,7 +17189,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12341
+#: freeculture.xml:12345
 msgid ""
 "She was quite willing to concede <quote>that this flies directly in the face "
 "of what the framers had in mind.</quote> But my response again and again was "
@@ -17188,7 +17198,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 246 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12347
+#: freeculture.xml:12351
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Well, if it flies in the face of what the framers had in mind, "
 "then the question is, is there a way of interpreting their words that gives "
@@ -17196,14 +17206,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12355
+#: freeculture.xml:12359
 msgid ""
 "There were two points in this argument when I should have seen where the "
 "Court was going. The first was a question by Justice Kennedy, who observed,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12361
+#: freeculture.xml:12365
 msgid ""
 "justice kennedy: Well, I suppose implicit in the argument that the '76 act, "
 "too, should have been declared void, and that we might leave it alone "
@@ -17213,14 +17223,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12369
+#: freeculture.xml:12373
 msgid ""
 "Here follows my clear mistake. Like a professor correcting a student, I "
 "answered,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12375
+#: freeculture.xml:12379
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Justice, we are not making an empirical claim at all.  Nothing "
 "in our Copyright Clause claim hangs upon the empirical assertion about "
@@ -17230,7 +17240,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12384
+#: freeculture.xml:12388
 msgid ""
 "That was a correct answer, but it wasn't the right answer. The right answer "
 "was instead that there was an obvious and profound harm. Any number of "
@@ -17240,7 +17250,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12391
+#: freeculture.xml:12395
 msgid ""
 "The second came from the Chief, for whom the whole case had been "
 "crafted. For the Chief Justice had crafted the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> "
@@ -17249,21 +17259,21 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 247 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12396
+#: freeculture.xml:12400
 msgid ""
 "It was clear a second into his question that he wasn't at all sympathetic.  "
 "To him, we were a bunch of anarchists. As he asked:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12403
+#: freeculture.xml:12407
 msgid ""
 "chief justice: Well, but you want more than that. You want the right to copy "
 "verbatim other people's books, don't you?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12407
+#: freeculture.xml:12411
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: We want the right to copy verbatim works that should be in the "
 "public domain and would be in the public domain but for a statute that "
@@ -17272,12 +17282,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12415
+#: freeculture.xml:12419
 msgid "Olson, Theodore B."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12417
+#: freeculture.xml:12421
 msgid ""
 "Things went better for us when the government gave its argument; for now the "
 "Court picked up on the core of our claim. As Justice Scalia asked Solicitor "
@@ -17285,7 +17295,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12423
+#: freeculture.xml:12427
 msgid ""
 "justice scalia: You say that the functional equivalent of an unlimited time "
 "would be a violation [of the Constitution], but that's precisely the "
@@ -17294,7 +17304,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12431
+#: freeculture.xml:12435
 msgid ""
 "When Olson was finished, it was my turn to give a closing rebuttal.  Olson's "
 "flailing had revived my anger. But my anger still was directed to the "
@@ -17310,7 +17320,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 248 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12444
+#: freeculture.xml:12448
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>As I left</emphasis> the court that day, I knew "
 "there were a hundred points I wished I could remake. There were a hundred "
@@ -17319,7 +17329,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12453
+#: freeculture.xml:12457
 msgid ""
 "The government had been asked over and over again, what is the limit? Over "
 "and over again, it had answered there is no limit. This was precisely the "
@@ -17336,7 +17346,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12468
+#: freeculture.xml:12472
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The morning</emphasis> of January 15, 2003, I was "
 "five minutes late to the office and missed the 7:00 A.M. call from the "
@@ -17347,7 +17357,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12476
+#: freeculture.xml:12480
 msgid ""
 "A few seconds later, the opinions arrived by e-mail. I took the phone off "
 "the hook, posted an announcement to our blog, and sat down to see where I "
@@ -17355,7 +17365,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12481
+#: freeculture.xml:12485
 msgid ""
 "My <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. Here was a case that pitted all the money "
 "in the world against <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. And here was the last "
@@ -17363,7 +17373,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12487
+#: freeculture.xml:12491
 msgid ""
 "I first scoured the opinion, looking for how the Court would distinguish the "
 "principle in this case from the principle in "
@@ -17374,7 +17384,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 249 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12497
+#: freeculture.xml:12501
 msgid ""
 "Justice Ginsburg simply ignored the enumerated powers argument.  Consistent "
 "with her view that Congress's power was not limited generally, she had found "
@@ -17382,7 +17392,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12502
+#: freeculture.xml:12506
 msgid ""
 "Her opinion was perfectly reasonable&mdash;for her, and for Justice "
 "Souter. Neither believes in <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. It would be too "
@@ -17391,7 +17401,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12508
+#: freeculture.xml:12512
 msgid ""
 "But as I realized what had happened, I couldn't quite believe what I was "
 "reading. I had said there was no way this Court could reconcile limited "
@@ -17405,7 +17415,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12519
+#: freeculture.xml:12523
 msgid ""
 "Yet by what right did they get to choose which of the framers' values they "
 "would respect? By what right did they&mdash;the silent five&mdash;get to "
@@ -17418,7 +17428,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12531
+#: freeculture.xml:12535
 msgid ""
 "Justices Breyer and Stevens wrote very strong dissents. Stevens's opinion "
 "was crafted internal to the law: He argued that the tradition of "
@@ -17433,7 +17443,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 250 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12544
+#: freeculture.xml:12548
 msgid ""
 "Justice Breyer's opinion, perhaps the best opinion he has ever written, was "
 "external to the Constitution. He argued that the term of copyrights has "
@@ -17447,7 +17457,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12555
+#: freeculture.xml:12559
 msgid ""
 "These two justices understood all the arguments we had made. But because "
 "neither believed in the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> case, neither was "
@@ -17458,7 +17468,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12562
+#: freeculture.xml:12566
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Defeat brings depression</emphasis>. They say it is "
 "a sign of health when depression gives way to anger. My anger came quickly, "
@@ -17466,12 +17476,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12567
+#: freeculture.xml:12571
 msgid "originalism"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12569
+#: freeculture.xml:12573
 msgid ""
 "It was first anger with the five <quote>Conservatives.</quote> It would have "
 "been one thing for them to have explained why the principle of "
@@ -17489,7 +17499,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 251 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12582
+#: freeculture.xml:12586
 msgid ""
 "Here, they had joined an opinion that never once tried to explain what the "
 "framers had meant by crafting the Progress Clause as they did; they joined "
@@ -17504,7 +17514,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12597
+#: freeculture.xml:12601
 msgid ""
 "My anger with the Conservatives quickly yielded to anger with myself.  For I "
 "had let a view of the law that I liked interfere with a view of the law as "
@@ -17512,7 +17522,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12604
+#: freeculture.xml:12608
 msgid ""
 "Most lawyers, and most law professors, have little patience for idealism "
 "about courts in general and this Supreme Court in particular.  Most have a "
@@ -17527,7 +17537,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 252 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12615
+#: freeculture.xml:12619
 msgid ""
 "As I read back over the transcript from that argument in October, I can see "
 "a hundred places where the answers could have taken the conversation in "
@@ -17546,7 +17556,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12636
+#: freeculture.xml:12640
 msgid ""
 "Would it have been different if I had argued it differently? Would it have "
 "been different if Don Ayer had argued it? Or Charles Fried? Or Kathleen "
@@ -17554,7 +17564,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12641
+#: freeculture.xml:12645
 msgid ""
 "My friends huddled around me to insist it would not. The Court was not "
 "ready, my friends insisted. This was a loss that was destined. It would take "
@@ -17563,7 +17573,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12647
+#: freeculture.xml:12651
 msgid ""
 "Maybe, but I doubt it. These Justices have no financial interest in doing "
 "anything except the right thing. They are not lobbied. They have little "
@@ -17573,7 +17583,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12655
+#: freeculture.xml:12659
 msgid ""
 "And even if I couldn't, then that doesn't excuse what happened in "
 "January. For at the start of this case, one of America's leading "
@@ -17583,7 +17593,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12662
+#: freeculture.xml:12666
 msgid ""
 "After the argument and after the decision, Peter said to me, and publicly, "
 "that he was wrong. But if indeed that Court could not have been persuaded, "
@@ -17596,7 +17606,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 253 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12671
+#: freeculture.xml:12675
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>While the reaction</emphasis> to the Sonny Bono Act "
 "itself was almost unanimously negative, the reaction to the Court's decision "
@@ -17610,7 +17620,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12686
+#: freeculture.xml:12690
 msgid ""
 "In effect, the Supreme Court's decision makes it likely that we are seeing "
 "the beginning of the end of public domain and the birth of copyright "
@@ -17621,12 +17631,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12700 freeculture.xml:12705
+#: freeculture.xml:12704 freeculture.xml:12709
 msgid "Bolling, Ruben"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12695
+#: freeculture.xml:12699
 msgid ""
 "The best responses were in the cartoons. There was a gaggle of hilarious "
 "images&mdash;of Mickey in jail and the like. The best, from my view of the "
@@ -17637,19 +17647,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12703
+#: freeculture.xml:12707
 msgid "Tom the Dancing Bug cartoon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:12704
+#: freeculture.xml:12708
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/18.png\"></graphic> <placeholder "
 "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12708
+#: freeculture.xml:12712
 msgid ""
 "The image that will always stick in my head is that evoked by the quote from "
 "<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>. That <quote>grand "
@@ -17662,12 +17672,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12719
+#: freeculture.xml:12723
 msgid "CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Eldred II"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12721
+#: freeculture.xml:12725
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The day</emphasis> <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was "
 "decided, fate would have it that I was to travel to Washington, D.C. (The "
@@ -17680,7 +17690,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12733
+#: freeculture.xml:12737
 msgid ""
 "It was an act of contrition. During the whole of the flight from San "
 "Francisco to Washington, I had heard over and over again in my head the same "
@@ -17694,7 +17704,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 256 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12743
+#: freeculture.xml:12747
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle> published the piece. In it, I "
 "proposed a simple fix: Fifty years after a work has been published, the "
@@ -17704,7 +17714,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12751
+#: freeculture.xml:12755
 msgid ""
 "We called this the Eldred Act, but that was just to give it a name.  Eric "
 "Eldred was kind enough to let his name be used once again, but as he said "
@@ -17712,7 +17722,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12756
+#: freeculture.xml:12760
 msgid ""
 "Or another two names. For depending upon your perspective, this is either "
 "the <quote>Public Domain Enhancement Act</quote> or the <quote>Copyright "
@@ -17724,12 +17734,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12764 freeculture.xml:12965
+#: freeculture.xml:12768 freeculture.xml:12969
 msgid "Forbes, Steve"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12766
+#: freeculture.xml:12770
 msgid ""
 "The reaction to this idea was amazingly strong. Steve Forbes endorsed it in "
 "an editorial. I received an avalanche of e-mail and letters expressing "
@@ -17743,7 +17753,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12778
+#: freeculture.xml:12782
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, many recognized the obvious benefit of the registration "
 "requirement.  For one of the hardest things about the current system for "
@@ -17756,22 +17766,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12788
+#: freeculture.xml:12792
 msgid "Berlin Act (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12789 freeculture.xml:12830
+#: freeculture.xml:12793 freeculture.xml:12834
 msgid "Berne Convention (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12797
+#: freeculture.xml:12801
 msgid "German copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12797
+#: freeculture.xml:12801
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Until the 1908 Berlin Act of the "
 "Berne Convention, national copyright legislation sometimes made protection "
@@ -17794,7 +17804,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12792
+#: freeculture.xml:12796
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, formalities in copyright law were removed in 1976, "
@@ -17809,7 +17819,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12824
+#: freeculture.xml:12828
 msgid ""
 "That's great rhetoric. It sounds wonderfully romantic. But it is absurd "
 "copyright policy. It is absurd especially for authors, because a world "
@@ -17819,7 +17829,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12832
+#: freeculture.xml:12836
 msgid ""
 "The fight against formalities achieved its first real victory in Berlin in "
 "1908. International copyright lawyers amended the Berne Convention in 1908, "
@@ -17832,7 +17842,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12842
+#: freeculture.xml:12846
 msgid ""
 "These complaints were real and sensible. And the strictness of the "
 "formalities, especially in the United States, was absurd. The law should "
@@ -17843,7 +17853,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12850
+#: freeculture.xml:12854
 msgid ""
 "Even that would have been resisted, however, because registration in the "
 "nineteenth and twentieth centuries was still expensive. It was also a "
@@ -17854,7 +17864,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 258 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12858
+#: freeculture.xml:12862
 msgid ""
 "In addition to the practical complaint of authors in 1908, there was a moral "
 "claim as well. There was no reason that creative property should be a "
@@ -17866,7 +17876,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12870
+#: freeculture.xml:12874
 msgid ""
 "This argument is correct, but its implications are misleading. For the "
 "argument in favor of formalities does not depend upon creative property "
@@ -17877,7 +17887,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12879
+#: freeculture.xml:12883
 msgid ""
 "No one thinks, for example, that land is second-class property just because "
 "you have to register a deed with a court if your sale of land is to be "
@@ -17895,7 +17905,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12895
+#: freeculture.xml:12899
 msgid ""
 "It is similarly special physics that makes formalities important in "
 "copyright law. Unlike a carpenter's table, there's nothing in nature that "
@@ -17910,7 +17920,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12910
+#: freeculture.xml:12914
 msgid ""
 "This was the understanding of the problem with the Sonny Bono Act that we "
 "tried to demonstrate to the Court. This was the part it didn't "
@@ -17923,7 +17933,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12920
+#: freeculture.xml:12924
 msgid ""
 "But now that copyrights can be just about a century long, the inability to "
 "know what is protected and what is not protected becomes a huge and obvious "
@@ -17935,7 +17945,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12929
+#: freeculture.xml:12933
 msgid ""
 "The Eldred Act was designed to respond to exactly this problem. If it is "
 "worth $1 to you, then register your work and you can get the longer "
@@ -17945,7 +17955,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12936
+#: freeculture.xml:12940
 msgid ""
 "If it isn't worth it to you to register to get the benefit of an extended "
 "term, then it shouldn't be worth it for the government to defend your "
@@ -17955,7 +17965,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12943
+#: freeculture.xml:12947
 msgid ""
 "Some worry about the burden on authors. Won't the burden of registering the "
 "work mean that the $1 is really misleading? Isn't the hassle worth more than "
@@ -17964,7 +17974,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 260 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12949
+#: freeculture.xml:12953
 msgid ""
 "It is. The hassle is terrible. The system that exists now is awful. I "
 "completely agree that the Copyright Office has done a terrible job (no doubt "
@@ -17982,7 +17992,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12967
+#: freeculture.xml:12971
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>When Steve Forbes</emphasis> endorsed the idea, some "
 "in Washington began to pay attention. Many people contacted me pointing to "
@@ -17992,12 +18002,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12973
+#: freeculture.xml:12977
 msgid "Lofgren, Zoe"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12975
+#: freeculture.xml:12979
 msgid ""
 "One representative, Zoe Lofgren of California, went so far as to get the "
 "bill drafted. The draft solved any problem with international law. It "
@@ -18008,7 +18018,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12984
+#: freeculture.xml:12988
 msgid ""
 "But at this stage, the lobbyists began to intervene. Jack Valenti and the "
 "MPAA general counsel came to the congresswoman's office to give the view of "
@@ -18020,7 +18030,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 261 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12992
+#: freeculture.xml:12996
 msgid ""
 "The MPAA argued first that Congress had <quote>firmly rejected the central "
 "concept in the proposed bill</quote>&mdash;that copyrights be renewed. That "
@@ -18042,7 +18052,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13013
+#: freeculture.xml:13017
 msgid ""
 "Finally, the MPAA argued that existing law enabled copyright owners to do "
 "this if they wanted. But the whole point is that there are thousands of "
@@ -18053,7 +18063,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13021
+#: freeculture.xml:13025
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>At the beginning</emphasis> of this book, I told two "
 "stories about the law reacting to changes in technology. In the one, common "
@@ -18066,7 +18076,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13031
+#: freeculture.xml:13035
 msgid ""
 "I used these two cases as a way to frame the war that this book has been "
 "about. For here, too, a new technology is forcing the law to react.  And "
@@ -18076,7 +18086,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 262 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13040
+#: freeculture.xml:13044
 msgid ""
 "When the issue is piracy, it is right for the law to back the copyright "
 "owners. The commercial piracy that I described is wrong and harmful, and the "
@@ -18090,12 +18100,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13050
+#: freeculture.xml:13054
 msgid "Kelly, Kevin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13052
+#: freeculture.xml:13056
 msgid ""
 "But when the copyright owners oppose a proposal such as the Eldred Act, "
 "then, finally, there is an example that lays bare the naked selfinterest "
@@ -18108,12 +18118,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13062
+#: freeculture.xml:13066
 msgid "What does this industry really want?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13065
+#: freeculture.xml:13069
 msgid ""
 "With very little effort, the warriors could protect their content. So the "
 "effort to block something like the Eldred Act is not really about protecting "
@@ -18126,7 +18136,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13076
+#: freeculture.xml:13080
 msgid ""
 "The opposition to the Eldred Act reveals how extreme the other side is. The "
 "most powerful and sexy and well loved of lobbies really has as its aim not "
@@ -18137,7 +18147,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 263 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13084
+#: freeculture.xml:13088
 msgid ""
 "It is not hard to understand why the warriors take this view. It is not hard "
 "to see why it would benefit them if the competition of the public domain "
@@ -18148,7 +18158,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13096
+#: freeculture.xml:13100
 msgid ""
 "What is hard to understand is why the public takes this view. It is as if "
 "the law made airplanes trespassers. The MPAA stands with the Causbys and "
@@ -18158,7 +18168,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13103
+#: freeculture.xml:13107
 msgid ""
 "All this seems to follow easily from this untroubled acceptance of the "
 "<quote>property</quote> in intellectual property. Common sense supports it, "
@@ -18170,47 +18180,47 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13115
+#: freeculture.xml:13119
 msgid "CONCLUSION"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13116
+#: freeculture.xml:13120
 msgid "Africa, medications for HIV patients in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13117
+#: freeculture.xml:13121
 msgid "AIDS medications"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13118
+#: freeculture.xml:13122
 msgid "antiretroviral drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13119
+#: freeculture.xml:13123
 msgid "developing countries, foreign patent costs in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13120 freeculture.xml:13633
+#: freeculture.xml:13124 freeculture.xml:13637
 msgid "drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13120 freeculture.xml:13633
+#: freeculture.xml:13124 freeculture.xml:13637
 msgid "pharmaceutical"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13121
+#: freeculture.xml:13125
 msgid "HIV/AIDS therapies"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13123
+#: freeculture.xml:13127
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There are more</emphasis> than 35 million people "
 "with the AIDS virus worldwide. Twenty-five million of them live in "
@@ -18220,7 +18230,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13130
+#: freeculture.xml:13134
 msgid ""
 "There is no cure for AIDS, but there are drugs to slow its progression.  "
 "These antiretroviral therapies are still experimental, but they have already "
@@ -18231,7 +18241,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13145
+#: freeculture.xml:13149
 msgid ""
 "Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, <quote>Final Report: Integrating "
 "Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy</quote> (London, 2002), "
@@ -18242,7 +18252,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13138
+#: freeculture.xml:13142
 msgid ""
 "These drugs are expensive. When they were first introduced in the United "
 "States, they cost between $10,000 and $15,000 per person per year. Today, "
@@ -18254,18 +18264,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13154 freeculture.xml:13635
+#: freeculture.xml:13158 freeculture.xml:13639
 msgid "on pharmaceuticals"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13155
+#: freeculture.xml:13159
 msgid "pharmaceutical patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 265 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13158
+#: freeculture.xml:13162
 msgid ""
 "These prices are not high because the ingredients of the drugs are "
 "expensive. These prices are high because the drugs are protected by "
@@ -18276,7 +18286,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13166
+#: freeculture.xml:13170
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are skeptical of patents, especially drug patents. I am "
 "not. Indeed, of all the areas of research that might be supported by "
@@ -18289,7 +18299,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13177
+#: freeculture.xml:13181
 msgid ""
 "But it is one thing to support patents, even drug patents. It is another "
 "thing to determine how best to deal with a crisis. And as African leaders "
@@ -18299,27 +18309,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13183
+#: freeculture.xml:13187
 msgid "international law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13184
+#: freeculture.xml:13188
 msgid "parallel importation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13185
+#: freeculture.xml:13189
 msgid "South Africa, Republic of, pharmaceutical imports by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13198 freeculture.xml:13691
+#: freeculture.xml:13202 freeculture.xml:13695
 msgid "Braithwaite, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13196
+#: freeculture.xml:13200
 msgid ""
 "See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism: "
 "Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New Press, 2003), "
@@ -18328,7 +18338,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13187
+#: freeculture.xml:13191
 msgid ""
 "In 1997, South Africa tried one tack. It passed a law to allow the "
 "importation of patented medicines that had been produced or sold in another "
@@ -18340,13 +18350,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13202
+#: freeculture.xml:13206
 msgid "United States Trade Representative (USTR)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13210
+#: freeculture.xml:13214
 msgid ""
 "International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
 "Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
@@ -18361,7 +18371,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13237
+#: freeculture.xml:13241
 msgid ""
 "International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
 "Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
@@ -18370,7 +18380,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13204
+#: freeculture.xml:13208
 msgid ""
 "However, the United States government opposed the bill. Indeed, more than "
 "opposed. As the International Intellectual Property Association "
@@ -18393,7 +18403,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13244
+#: freeculture.xml:13248
 msgid ""
 "We should place the intervention by the United States in context.  No doubt "
 "patents are not the most important reason that Africans don't have access to "
@@ -18405,7 +18415,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13254
+#: freeculture.xml:13258
 msgid ""
 "By stopping the flow of HIV treatment into Africa, the United States "
 "government was not saving drugs for United States citizens.  This is not "
@@ -18416,7 +18426,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13262
+#: freeculture.xml:13266
 msgid ""
 "Nor was the intervention by the United States going to protect the profits "
 "of United States drug companies&mdash;at least, not substantially. It was "
@@ -18430,7 +18440,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  f5. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 333 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13277
+#: freeculture.xml:13281
 msgid ""
 "See Sabin Russell, <quote>New Crusade to Lower AIDS Drug Costs: Africa's "
 "Needs at Odds with Firms' Profit Motive,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco "
@@ -18448,7 +18458,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13271
+#: freeculture.xml:13275
 msgid ""
 "Instead, the argument in favor of restricting this flow of information, "
 "which was needed to save the lives of millions, was an argument about the "
@@ -18460,7 +18470,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13299
+#: freeculture.xml:13303
 msgid ""
 "Now just step back for a moment. There will be a time thirty years from now "
 "when our children look back at us and ask, how could we have let this "
@@ -18473,12 +18483,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13308
+#: freeculture.xml:13312
 msgid "in pharmaceutical industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13310
+#: freeculture.xml:13314
 msgid ""
 "Some blame the drug companies. I don't. They are corporations.  Their "
 "managers are ordered by law to make money for the corporation.  They push a "
@@ -18489,7 +18499,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13318
+#: freeculture.xml:13322
 msgid ""
 "The corruption is our own politicians' failure of integrity. For the drug "
 "companies would love&mdash;they say, and I believe them&mdash;to sell their "
@@ -18500,13 +18510,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13325
+#: freeculture.xml:13329
 msgid "of drug patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 268 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13327
+#: freeculture.xml:13331
 msgid ""
 "A different problem, however, could not be overcome. This is the fear of the "
 "grandstanding politician who would call the presidents of the drug companies "
@@ -18523,7 +18533,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13349
+#: freeculture.xml:13353
 msgid ""
 "So when the common sense of your child confronts you, what will you say? "
 "When the common sense of a generation finally revolts against what we have "
@@ -18531,7 +18541,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13355
+#: freeculture.xml:13359
 msgid ""
 "A sensible patent policy could endorse and strongly support the patent "
 "system without having to reach everyone everywhere in exactly the same "
@@ -18545,7 +18555,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13370
+#: freeculture.xml:13374
 msgid ""
 "But we as a culture have lost this sense of balance. We have lost the "
 "critical eye that helps us see the difference between truth and extremism.  "
@@ -18557,7 +18567,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 269 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13379
+#: freeculture.xml:13383
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>A simple idea</emphasis> blinds us, and under the "
 "cover of darkness, much happens that most of us would reject if any of us "
@@ -18572,7 +18582,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13393
+#: freeculture.xml:13397
 msgid ""
 "So far, common sense sleeps. There is no revolt. Common sense does not yet "
 "see what there could be to revolt about. The extremism that now dominates "
@@ -18589,68 +18599,68 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13406 freeculture.xml:14176
+#: freeculture.xml:13410 freeculture.xml:14180
 msgid "academic journals"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13407 freeculture.xml:13420
+#: freeculture.xml:13411 freeculture.xml:13424
 msgid "biomedical research"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13408 freeculture.xml:13578
+#: freeculture.xml:13412 freeculture.xml:13582
 msgid "international organization on issues of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13410 freeculture.xml:13527 freeculture.xml:14095
+#: freeculture.xml:13414 freeculture.xml:13531 freeculture.xml:14099
 msgid "IBM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13411 freeculture.xml:14242
+#: freeculture.xml:13415 freeculture.xml:14246
 msgid "PLoS (Public Library of Science)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13412 freeculture.xml:14243
+#: freeculture.xml:13416 freeculture.xml:14247
 msgid "Public Library of Science (PLoS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13413
+#: freeculture.xml:13417
 msgid "public projects in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13414
+#: freeculture.xml:13418
 msgid "single nucleotied polymorphisms (SNPs)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13415
+#: freeculture.xml:13419
 msgid "Wellcome Trust"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13416 freeculture.xml:13579
+#: freeculture.xml:13420 freeculture.xml:13583
 msgid "World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13417
+#: freeculture.xml:13421
 msgid "World Wide Web"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13418
+#: freeculture.xml:13422
 msgid "Global Positioning System"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13425
+#: freeculture.xml:13429
 msgid ""
 "Jonathan Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink "
@@ -18666,7 +18676,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 270 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13422
+#: freeculture.xml:13426
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In August 2003</emphasis>, a fight broke out in the "
 "United States about a decision by the World Intellectual Property "
@@ -18691,7 +18701,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13458
+#: freeculture.xml:13462
 msgid ""
 "The aim of the meeting was to consider this wide range of projects from one "
 "common perspective: that none of these projects relied upon intellectual "
@@ -18701,20 +18711,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13464
+#: freeculture.xml:13468
 msgid "in international debate on intellectual property"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13467
+#: freeculture.xml:13471
 msgid ""
 "I should disclose that I was one of the people who asked WIPO for the "
 "meeting."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13466
+#: freeculture.xml:13470
 msgid ""
 "From the perspective of this book, then, the conference was "
 "ideal.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The projects within its "
@@ -18725,13 +18735,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13476 freeculture.xml:13632
+#: freeculture.xml:13480 freeculture.xml:13636
 msgid "World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 271 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13478
+#: freeculture.xml:13482
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, I was once publicly scolded for not recognizing this fact about "
 "WIPO. In February 2003, I delivered a keynote address to a preparatory "
@@ -18755,7 +18765,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13502
+#: freeculture.xml:13506
 msgid ""
 "So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I had "
 "thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus the "
@@ -18764,17 +18774,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13511 freeculture.xml:15241
+#: freeculture.xml:13515 freeculture.xml:15245
 msgid "Apple Corporation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13512
+#: freeculture.xml:13516
 msgid "on free software"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13514
+#: freeculture.xml:13518
 msgid ""
 "But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, at "
 "least among lobbyists. That project is <quote>open source and free "
@@ -18788,13 +18798,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13524
+#: freeculture.xml:13528
 msgid "<quote>copyleft</quote> licenses"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13540
+#: freeculture.xml:13544
 msgid ""
 "Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
 "sophisticated.  As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with "
@@ -18815,7 +18825,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13529
+#: freeculture.xml:13533
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make clear "
 "that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial "
@@ -18830,18 +18840,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13558
+#: freeculture.xml:13562
 msgid "General Public License (GPL)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13559
+#: freeculture.xml:13563
 msgid "GPL (General Public License)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 272 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13561
+#: freeculture.xml:13565
 msgid ""
 "More important for our purposes, to support <quote>open source and free "
 "software</quote> is not to oppose copyright. <quote>Open source and free "
@@ -18859,25 +18869,25 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13580
+#: freeculture.xml:13584
 msgid "Krim, Jonathan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13581
+#: freeculture.xml:13585
 msgid "WIPO meeting opposed by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13591
+#: freeculture.xml:13595
 msgid ""
 "Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> available at <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13583
+#: freeculture.xml:13587
 msgid ""
 "It is therefore understandable that as a proprietary software developer, "
 "Microsoft would oppose this WIPO meeting, and understandable that it would "
@@ -18890,7 +18900,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13597
+#: freeculture.xml:13601
 msgid ""
 "I don't blame Microsoft for doing what it can to advance its own interests, "
 "consistent with the law. And lobbying governments is plainly consistent with "
@@ -18900,12 +18910,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13605 freeculture.xml:13663
+#: freeculture.xml:13609 freeculture.xml:13667
 msgid "Boland, Lois"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13607
+#: freeculture.xml:13611
 msgid ""
 "What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing "
 "the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting director of "
@@ -18917,12 +18927,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13618
+#: freeculture.xml:13622
 msgid "These statements are astonishing on a number of levels."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13623
+#: freeculture.xml:13627
 msgid ""
 "First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and free "
 "software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right called "
@@ -18935,12 +18945,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13634
+#: freeculture.xml:13638
 msgid "generic drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13637
+#: freeculture.xml:13641
 msgid ""
 "Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to "
 "<quote>promote</quote> intellectual property maximally? As I had been "
@@ -18956,7 +18966,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13651
+#: freeculture.xml:13655
 msgid ""
 "Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize "
 "intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property rights "
@@ -18972,7 +18982,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 274 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13665
+#: freeculture.xml:13669
 msgid ""
 "When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting "
 "<quote>which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,</quote> "
@@ -18986,17 +18996,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13676
+#: freeculture.xml:13680
 msgid "feudal system"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13677
+#: freeculture.xml:13681
 msgid "feudal system of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13679
+#: freeculture.xml:13683
 msgid ""
 "There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in the "
 "Anglo-American tradition. It is called <quote>feudalism.</quote> Under "
@@ -19010,14 +19020,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13696
+#: freeculture.xml:13700
 msgid ""
 "See Drahos with Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism</citetitle>, "
 "210&ndash;20.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13693
+#: freeculture.xml:13697
 msgid ""
 "As Peter Drahos and John Braithwaite relate, this is precisely the choice we "
 "are now making about intellectual property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -19028,7 +19038,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13707
+#: freeculture.xml:13711
 msgid ""
 "When this battle broke, I blogged it. A spirited debate within the comment "
 "section ensued. Ms. Boland had a number of supporters who tried to show why "
@@ -19038,7 +19048,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 275 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13716
+#: freeculture.xml:13720
 msgid ""
 "George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it "
 "should be (<quote>the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should "
@@ -19051,7 +19061,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13728
+#: freeculture.xml:13732
 msgid ""
 "I missed the irony the first time I read it. I read it quickly and thought "
 "the poster was supporting the idea that seeking balance was what our "
@@ -19064,7 +19074,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13739
+#: freeculture.xml:13743
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea.  Instead, the "
 "poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the "
@@ -19076,7 +19086,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13747
+#: freeculture.xml:13751
 msgid ""
 "I understand criticism of academic utopianism. I think utopianism is silly, "
 "too, and I'd be the first to poke fun at the absurdly unrealistic ideals of "
@@ -19084,7 +19094,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13753
+#: freeculture.xml:13757
 msgid ""
 "But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government "
 "should be to <quote>seek balance,</quote> then count me with the silly, for "
@@ -19099,7 +19109,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 276 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13764
+#: freeculture.xml:13768
 msgid ""
 "It might be crazy to expect a high government official to speak the "
 "truth. It might be crazy to believe that government policy will be something "
@@ -19109,17 +19119,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13772
+#: freeculture.xml:13776
 msgid "If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13776
+#: freeculture.xml:13780
 msgid "Turner, Ted"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13778
+#: freeculture.xml:13782
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There are moments</emphasis> of hope in this "
 "struggle. And moments that surprise. When the FCC was considering relaxing "
@@ -19133,7 +19143,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13789
+#: freeculture.xml:13793
 msgid ""
 "This activism did not stop the FCC, but soon after, a broad coalition in the "
 "Senate voted to reverse the FCC decision. The hostile hearings leading up to "
@@ -19143,7 +19153,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13797
+#: freeculture.xml:13801
 msgid ""
 "But even this movement misses an important piece of the puzzle.  Largeness "
 "as such is not bad. Freedom is not threatened just because some become very "
@@ -19153,7 +19163,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13804
+#: freeculture.xml:13808
 msgid ""
 "The danger in media concentration comes not from the concentration, but "
 "instead from the feudalism that this concentration, tied to the change in "
@@ -19165,7 +19175,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13814
+#: freeculture.xml:13818
 msgid ""
 "It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand competition "
 "and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as being about "
@@ -19175,7 +19185,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13821
+#: freeculture.xml:13825
 msgid ""
 "It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal number "
 "could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within the idea of "
@@ -19186,20 +19196,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13829
+#: freeculture.xml:13833
 msgid ""
 "If we were Achilles, this would be our heel. This would be the place of our "
 "tragedy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13832
+#: freeculture.xml:13836
 msgid "Dylan, Bob"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13838
+#: freeculture.xml:13842
 msgid ""
 "John Borland, <quote>RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,</quote> CNET News.com, "
 "September 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -19218,7 +19228,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13856
+#: freeculture.xml:13860
 msgid ""
 "Jon Wiederhorn, <quote>Eminem Gets Sued &hellip; by a Little Old "
 "Lady,</quote> mtv.com, 17 September 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -19228,7 +19238,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  f13. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 334 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13863
+#: freeculture.xml:13867
 msgid ""
 "Kenji Hall, Associated Press, <quote>Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for "
 "Dylan Songs,</quote> Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -19236,7 +19246,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13834
+#: freeculture.xml:13838
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>As I write</emphasis> these final words, the news is "
 "filled with stories about the RIAA lawsuits against almost three hundred "
@@ -19256,33 +19266,33 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13880
+#: freeculture.xml:13884
 msgid "BBC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13881
+#: freeculture.xml:13885
 msgid "Brazil, free culture in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13882 freeculture.xml:14273
+#: freeculture.xml:13886 freeculture.xml:14277
 msgid "Creative Commons"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13883
+#: freeculture.xml:13887
 msgid "Gil, Gilberto"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13884
+#: freeculture.xml:13888
 msgid "public creative archive in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13889
+#: freeculture.xml:13893
 msgid ""
 "<quote>BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,</quote> BBC press "
 "release, 24 August 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -19291,7 +19301,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13898
+#: freeculture.xml:13902
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Creative Commons and Brazil,</quote> Creative Commons Weblog, 6 "
 "August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
@@ -19300,7 +19310,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 278 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13886
+#: freeculture.xml:13890
 msgid ""
 "Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it "
 "will build a <quote>Creative Archive,</quote> from which British citizens "
@@ -19319,20 +19329,20 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 279 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13912
+#: freeculture.xml:13916
 msgid ""
 "Common sense must revolt. It must act to free culture. Soon, if this "
 "potential is ever to be realized."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13920
+#: freeculture.xml:13924
 msgid "AFTERWORD"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 280 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13924
+#: freeculture.xml:13928
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>At least some</emphasis> who have read this far will "
 "agree with me that something must be done to change where we are "
@@ -19340,7 +19350,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13929
+#: freeculture.xml:13933
 msgid ""
 "I divide this map into two parts: that which anyone can do now, and that "
 "which requires the help of lawmakers. If there is one lesson that we can "
@@ -19349,7 +19359,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13935
+#: freeculture.xml:13939
 msgid ""
 "That means this movement must begin in the streets. It must recruit a "
 "significant number of parents, teachers, librarians, creators, authors, "
@@ -19358,7 +19368,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13942
+#: freeculture.xml:13946
 msgid ""
 "Once this movement has its effect in the streets, it has some hope of having "
 "an effect in Washington. We are still a democracy. What people think "
@@ -19368,12 +19378,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13951
+#: freeculture.xml:13955
 msgid "US, NOW"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13953
+#: freeculture.xml:13957
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Common sense</emphasis> is with the copyright "
 "warriors because the debate so far has been framed at the extremes&mdash;as "
@@ -19383,7 +19393,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13960
+#: freeculture.xml:13964
 msgid ""
 "The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in "
 "this debate, but the extremes are not all that there is. There are those who "
@@ -19396,13 +19406,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13970
+#: freeculture.xml:13974
 msgid "initial free character of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 282 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13972
+#: freeculture.xml:13976
 msgid ""
 "When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively "
 "tilted in the <quote>no rights reserved</quote> direction. Content could be "
@@ -19414,7 +19424,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13984
+#: freeculture.xml:13988
 msgid ""
 "This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) "
 "by copyright owners. That reaction has been the topic of this book. Through "
@@ -19431,7 +19441,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14000
+#: freeculture.xml:14004
 msgid ""
 "What's needed is a way to say something in the middle&mdash;neither "
 "<quote>all rights reserved</quote> nor <quote>no rights reserved</quote> but "
@@ -19442,22 +19452,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14008
+#: freeculture.xml:14012
 msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14009
+#: freeculture.xml:14013
 msgid "restoration efforts on previous aspects of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14011
+#: freeculture.xml:14015
 msgid "privacy rights"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14013
+#: freeculture.xml:14017
 msgid ""
 "If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will "
 "recognize this problem from other contexts. Think about privacy. Before the "
@@ -19469,12 +19479,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14023
+#: freeculture.xml:14027
 msgid "What made it assured?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14027
+#: freeculture.xml:14031
 msgid ""
 "Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter <xref "
 "xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, your privacy was "
@@ -19492,22 +19502,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14042
+#: freeculture.xml:14046
 msgid "Amazon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14043
+#: freeculture.xml:14047
 msgid "cookies, Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14044
+#: freeculture.xml:14048
 msgid "privacy protection on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14046
+#: freeculture.xml:14050
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has "
 "become quite tiny. If you're a customer at Amazon, then as you browse the "
@@ -19520,12 +19530,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14055
+#: freeculture.xml:14059
 msgid "privacy rights in use of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14057
+#: freeculture.xml:14061
 msgid ""
 "Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about "
 "libraries. If you're one of those crazy lefties who thinks that people "
@@ -19538,7 +19548,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14075
+#: freeculture.xml:14079
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, <quote>Fair Information Practices and the "
 "Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),</quote> "
@@ -19553,7 +19563,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 284 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14069
+#: freeculture.xml:14073
 msgid ""
 "It is this reality that explains the push of many to define "
 "<quote>privacy</quote> on the Internet. It is the recognition that "
@@ -19567,12 +19577,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14094
+#: freeculture.xml:14098
 msgid "Data General"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14098
+#: freeculture.xml:14102
 msgid ""
 "A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software "
 "movement. When computers with software were first made available "
@@ -19583,12 +19593,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14105
+#: freeculture.xml:14109
 msgid "Stallman, Richard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14107
+#: freeculture.xml:14111
 msgid ""
 "That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a "
 "researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was "
@@ -19598,7 +19608,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14115
+#: freeculture.xml:14119
 msgid ""
 "In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a "
 "math department, anyone would be free to tinker with a proof that someone "
@@ -19612,12 +19622,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14126
+#: freeculture.xml:14130
 msgid "proprietary code"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14128
+#: freeculture.xml:14132
 msgid ""
 "No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for "
 "computing changed. As it became possible to import programs from one system "
@@ -19630,7 +19640,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 285 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14137
+#: freeculture.xml:14141
 msgid ""
 "Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early "
 "1980s, Stallman found himself surrounded by proprietary code.  The world of "
@@ -19640,12 +19650,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14146
+#: freeculture.xml:14150
 msgid "Torvalds, Linus"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14148
+#: freeculture.xml:14152
 msgid ""
 "Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
 "system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "
@@ -19656,7 +19666,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14156
+#: freeculture.xml:14160
 msgid ""
 "Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software "
 "that must be kept free. Software licensed under the Free Software "
@@ -19669,7 +19679,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14167
+#: freeculture.xml:14171
 msgid ""
 "Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for "
 "privacy. He was seeking a way to rebuild a kind of freedom that was taken "
@@ -19680,12 +19690,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14177
+#: freeculture.xml:14181
 msgid "scientific journals"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14179
+#: freeculture.xml:14183
 msgid ""
 "Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with "
 "the story of this book. This is the shift in the way academic and scientific "
@@ -19693,23 +19703,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14183
+#: freeculture.xml:14187
 msgid "Lexis and Westlaw"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14185 freeculture.xml:14221
+#: freeculture.xml:14189 freeculture.xml:14225
 msgid "journals in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14186
+#: freeculture.xml:14190
 msgid "access to opinions of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 286 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14188
+#: freeculture.xml:14192
 msgid ""
 "As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that "
 "printing thousands of copies of journals every month and sending them to "
@@ -19726,17 +19736,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14203
+#: freeculture.xml:14207
 msgid "access fees for material in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14204
+#: freeculture.xml:14208
 msgid "license system for rebuilding of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14206
+#: freeculture.xml:14210
 msgid ""
 "There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to "
 "charge for access to even public domain materials is a good incentive for "
@@ -19748,7 +19758,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14217
+#: freeculture.xml:14221
 msgid ""
 "But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was "
 "through proprietary services? What if no one had the ability to browse this "
@@ -19756,7 +19766,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14223
+#: freeculture.xml:14227
 msgid ""
 "As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with "
 "scientific journals. When these journals were distributed in paper form, "
@@ -19771,7 +19781,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14235
+#: freeculture.xml:14239
 msgid ""
 "As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that "
 "libraries not give the general public access to the journals. This means "
@@ -19782,7 +19792,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 287 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14245
+#: freeculture.xml:14249
 msgid ""
 "This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the "
 "freedom that has been lost. The Public Library of Science (PLoS), for "
@@ -19796,7 +19806,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14259
+#: freeculture.xml:14263
 msgid ""
 "This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted "
 "before, but now threatened by changing technology and markets.  There's no "
@@ -19807,24 +19817,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14272
+#: freeculture.xml:14276
 msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14275
+#: freeculture.xml:14279
 msgid ""
 "The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the "
 "increasing control effected through law and technology."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14278
+#: freeculture.xml:14282
 msgid "Stanford University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14280
+#: freeculture.xml:14284
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation "
 "established in Massachusetts, but with its home at Stanford University. Its "
@@ -19838,7 +19848,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 288 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14291
+#: freeculture.xml:14295
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Simple</emphasis>&mdash;which means without a middleman, or "
 "without a lawyer.  By developing a free set of licenses that people can "
@@ -19857,7 +19867,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14309
+#: freeculture.xml:14313
 msgid ""
 "These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise "
 "contours depend upon the choices the creator makes. The creator can choose a "
@@ -19871,7 +19881,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14320
+#: freeculture.xml:14324
 msgid ""
 "These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of "
 "copyright law. They also enable freedoms that go beyond traditional fair "
@@ -19884,13 +19894,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14330
+#: freeculture.xml:14334
 msgid "Garlick, Mia"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 289 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14332
+#: freeculture.xml:14336
 msgid ""
 "This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons.  And of "
 "course, Creative Commons is not the only organization pursuing such "
@@ -19904,7 +19914,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14345
+#: freeculture.xml:14349
 msgid ""
 "The aim is not to fight the <quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> sorts. The "
 "aim is to complement them. The problems that the law creates for us as a "
@@ -19919,7 +19929,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14358
+#: freeculture.xml:14362
 msgid ""
 "Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate "
 "to better spread their content. Cory Doctorow, for example, is a science "
@@ -19929,7 +19939,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14365
+#: freeculture.xml:14369
 msgid ""
 "Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned "
 "like this: There are two groups of people out there: (1)  those who will buy "
@@ -19943,7 +19953,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14377
+#: freeculture.xml:14381
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion.  "
 "The book's first printing was exhausted months before the publisher had "
@@ -19951,18 +19961,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14382
+#: freeculture.xml:14386
 msgid "Free for All (Wayner)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14383
+#: freeculture.xml:14387
 msgid "Wayner, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 290 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14385
+#: freeculture.xml:14389
 msgid ""
 "The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was "
 "confirmed by the experience of another author. Peter Wayner, who wrote a "
@@ -19974,23 +19984,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14396
+#: freeculture.xml:14400
 msgid "Public Enemy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14397
+#: freeculture.xml:14401
 msgid "rap music"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14398
+#: freeculture.xml:14402
 msgid "Leaphart, Walter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14415
+#: freeculture.xml:14419
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real "
 "Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg "
@@ -19999,7 +20009,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14400
+#: freeculture.xml:14404
 msgid ""
 "These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary "
 "content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There "
@@ -20019,7 +20029,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14424
+#: freeculture.xml:14428
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons "
 "license just because they want to express to others the importance of "
@@ -20034,7 +20044,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 291 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14436
+#: freeculture.xml:14440
 msgid ""
 "In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million "
 "objects were licensed with these free-culture licenses. The next step is "
@@ -20045,7 +20055,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14446
+#: freeculture.xml:14450
 msgid ""
 "These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere "
 "arguments; they are action. Building a public domain is the first step to "
@@ -20056,7 +20066,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14454
+#: freeculture.xml:14458
 msgid ""
 "Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and "
 "creators to change the mix of rights that now govern the creative field. The "
@@ -20067,12 +20077,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14468
+#: freeculture.xml:14472
 msgid "THEM, SOON"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14470
+#: freeculture.xml:14474
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>We will</emphasis> not reclaim a free culture by "
 "individual action alone. It will also take important reforms of laws. We "
@@ -20082,7 +20092,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14477
+#: freeculture.xml:14481
 msgid ""
 "In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and "
 "one that's specific to the most heated battle of the day, music. Each is a "
@@ -20091,12 +20101,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14484
+#: freeculture.xml:14488
 msgid "1. More Formalities"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14486
+#: freeculture.xml:14490
 msgid ""
 "If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land "
 "upon which to build a house, you have to record the purchase in a deed.  If "
@@ -20106,14 +20116,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 293 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14493
+#: freeculture.xml:14497
 msgid ""
 "These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements "
 "that we all must bear if we want our property to be protected."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14498
+#: freeculture.xml:14502
 msgid ""
 "In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, "
 "regardless of whether you comply with any formality. You don't have to "
@@ -20122,12 +20132,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14504
+#: freeculture.xml:14508
 msgid "Why?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14507
+#: freeculture.xml:14511
 msgid ""
 "As I suggested in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, the motivation to abolish formalities was a good "
@@ -20138,7 +20148,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14516
+#: freeculture.xml:14520
 msgid ""
 "But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a "
 "burden. Rather, the world without formalities is the world that burdens "
@@ -20153,7 +20163,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14530
+#: freeculture.xml:14534
 msgid ""
 "The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only.  "
 "Obviously, I believe it would be beneficial for the same idea to be adopted "
@@ -20161,7 +20171,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14528
+#: freeculture.xml:14532
 msgid ""
 "The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>&mdash;but it should not change it by going back "
@@ -20171,7 +20181,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14538
+#: freeculture.xml:14542
 msgid ""
 "The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering "
 "copyrights, and renewing the claim to copyright. Traditionally, the first of "
@@ -20182,12 +20192,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14550
+#: freeculture.xml:14554
 msgid "REGISTRATION AND RENEWAL"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14552
+#: freeculture.xml:14556
 msgid ""
 "Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the "
 "Copyright Office to register or renew a copyright. When filing that "
@@ -20202,7 +20212,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14565
+#: freeculture.xml:14569
 msgid ""
 "Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of "
 "extraordinary innovation in governmental design, can no longer think "
@@ -20214,7 +20224,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14574
+#: freeculture.xml:14578
 msgid ""
 "In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet.  There "
 "are at least 32 million Web sites registered around the world.  Domain name "
@@ -20227,7 +20237,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 295 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14584
+#: freeculture.xml:14588
 msgid ""
 "We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of "
 "copyrights. The Copyright Office may well serve as the central registry, but "
@@ -20241,12 +20251,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14599
+#: freeculture.xml:14603
 msgid "MARKING"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14601
+#: freeculture.xml:14605
 msgid ""
 "It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative "
 "work meant that the copyright was forfeited. That was a harsh punishment for "
@@ -20258,7 +20268,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14611
+#: freeculture.xml:14615
 msgid ""
 "The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted "
 "and that the author wants to enforce his rights. The mark also makes it easy "
@@ -20266,7 +20276,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14617
+#: freeculture.xml:14621
 msgid ""
 "One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that "
 "different copyrighted works had to be differently marked. It wasn't clear "
@@ -20280,7 +20290,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14634
+#: freeculture.xml:14638
 msgid ""
 "There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved "
 "here. In my view, the law of derivatives creates a more complicated system "
@@ -20289,7 +20299,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 296 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14627
+#: freeculture.xml:14631
 msgid ""
 "Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be "
 "published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need "
@@ -20305,7 +20315,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14647
+#: freeculture.xml:14651
 msgid ""
 "That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here "
 "again, the system needs to adjust as the technologies evolve. The best way "
@@ -20315,12 +20325,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14653
+#: freeculture.xml:14657
 msgid "copyright marking of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14655
+#: freeculture.xml:14659
 msgid ""
 "For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for "
 "marking CDs, it would propose that to the Copyright Office. The Copyright "
@@ -20334,7 +20344,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14667
+#: freeculture.xml:14671
 msgid ""
 "Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements.  "
 "If photographs were marked by author and year, there would be little reason "
@@ -20345,7 +20355,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14675
+#: freeculture.xml:14679
 msgid ""
 "The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system "
 "does nothing to make things clear. Indeed, it seems designed to make things "
@@ -20353,7 +20363,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14680
+#: freeculture.xml:14684
 msgid ""
 "If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most "
 "difficult aspects of relying upon the public domain would be removed.  It "
@@ -20364,12 +20374,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14692
+#: freeculture.xml:14696
 msgid "2. Shorter Terms"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14694
+#: freeculture.xml:14698
 msgid ""
 "The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for "
 "corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural "
@@ -20378,7 +20388,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14707
+#: freeculture.xml:14711
 msgid ""
 "<quote>A Radical Rethink,</quote> <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 "
 "(25 January 2003): 15, available at <ulink "
@@ -20386,7 +20396,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14699
+#: freeculture.xml:14703
 msgid ""
 "In <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>, I proposed a "
 "seventy-five-year term, granted in five-year increments with a requirement "
@@ -20399,7 +20409,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14714
+#: freeculture.xml:14718
 msgid ""
 "I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's "
 "term. But whether fourteen years or seventy-five, there are four principles "
@@ -20408,7 +20418,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  (1) 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14722
+#: freeculture.xml:14726
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it short:</emphasis> The term should be as long as necessary "
 "to give incentives to create, but no longer. If it were tied to very strong "
@@ -20421,7 +20431,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  (2) 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 298 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14731
+#: freeculture.xml:14735
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and "
 "protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of "
@@ -20435,13 +20445,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14743
+#: freeculture.xml:14747
 msgid "veterans' pensions"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14754
+#: freeculture.xml:14758
 msgid ""
 "Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation "
 "and/or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at "
@@ -20449,7 +20459,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14746
+#: freeculture.xml:14750
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it alive:</emphasis> Copyright should have to be renewed.  "
 "Especially if the maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be "
@@ -20464,7 +20474,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  (4) 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14765
+#: freeculture.xml:14769
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it prospective:</emphasis> Whatever the term of copyright "
 "should be, the clearest lesson that economists teach is that a term once "
@@ -20481,7 +20491,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14781
+#: freeculture.xml:14785
 msgid ""
 "These changes together should produce an <emphasis>average</emphasis> "
 "copyright term that is much shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the "
@@ -20489,7 +20499,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14787
+#: freeculture.xml:14791
 msgid ""
 "No doubt the extremists will call these ideas <quote>radical.</quote> (After "
 "all, I call them <quote>extremists.</quote>) But again, the term I "
@@ -20499,12 +20509,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14797
+#: freeculture.xml:14801
 msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14801
+#: freeculture.xml:14805
 msgid ""
 "As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted "
 "property owners the right to control their property from the ground to the "
@@ -20515,7 +20525,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14809
+#: freeculture.xml:14813
 msgid ""
 "Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors <quote>exclusive "
 "right</quote> to <quote>their writings.</quote> Congress has given authors "
@@ -20527,20 +20537,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14817
+#: freeculture.xml:14821
 msgid "Kaplan, Benjamin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14823
+#: freeculture.xml:14827
 msgid ""
 "Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
 "York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14819
+#: freeculture.xml:14823
 msgid ""
 "Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the "
 "exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and "
@@ -20552,12 +20562,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14836
+#: freeculture.xml:14840
 msgid "Ibid., 56."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14832
+#: freeculture.xml:14836
 msgid ""
 "So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range "
 "of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of "
@@ -20566,7 +20576,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14841
+#: freeculture.xml:14845
 msgid ""
 "I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and "
 "the expansiveness of these rights of derivative use no longer make "
@@ -20576,7 +20586,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14848
+#: freeculture.xml:14852
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Term:</emphasis> If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, "
 "then that right should be for a much shorter term. It makes sense to protect "
@@ -20588,7 +20598,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14861
+#: freeculture.xml:14865
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Scope:</emphasis> Likewise should the scope of derivative rights "
 "be narrowed.  Again, there are some cases in which derivative rights are "
@@ -20603,7 +20613,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14875
+#: freeculture.xml:14879
 msgid ""
 "This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint "
 "Eastwood CD. While it makes sense to require negotiation for foreseeable "
@@ -20613,12 +20623,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14891
+#: freeculture.xml:14895
 msgid "Goldstein, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14889
+#: freeculture.xml:14893
 msgid ""
 "Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the "
 "Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
@@ -20626,7 +20636,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14883
+#: freeculture.xml:14887
 msgid ""
 "In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and "
 "the presumption should be that other uses are not protected.  This is the "
@@ -20636,7 +20646,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14897
+#: freeculture.xml:14901
 msgid ""
 "Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal "
 "system were small. But as we are currently seeing in the context of the "
@@ -20647,7 +20657,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 301 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14904
+#: freeculture.xml:14908
 msgid ""
 "The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the "
 "part explicitly drawn or by granting reuse rights upon certain statutory "
@@ -20657,12 +20667,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14914
+#: freeculture.xml:14918
 msgid "4. Liberate the Music&mdash;Again"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14916
+#: freeculture.xml:14920
 msgid ""
 "The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be "
 "fair to end this book without addressing the issue that is, to most people, "
@@ -20672,7 +20682,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14923
+#: freeculture.xml:14927
 msgid ""
 "The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's "
 "growth. It drove demand for access to the Internet more powerfully than any "
@@ -20683,7 +20693,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14932
+#: freeculture.xml:14936
 msgid ""
 "The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in "
 "particular, is to create the incentives for music to be composed, performed, "
@@ -20693,7 +20703,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14939
+#: freeculture.xml:14943
 msgid ""
 "File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of "
 "content for which the performer has not been paid. But of course, that's not "
@@ -20704,7 +20714,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  A. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14948
+#: freeculture.xml:14952
 msgid ""
 "There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
 "CDs."
@@ -20712,7 +20722,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  B. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14953
+#: freeculture.xml:14957
 msgid ""
 "There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to "
 "purchasing CDs."
@@ -20721,7 +20731,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  PAGE BREAK 302 
 #.  C. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14959
+#: freeculture.xml:14963
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been "
@@ -20730,7 +20740,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  D. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14965
+#: freeculture.xml:14969
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly "
@@ -20738,7 +20748,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14973
+#: freeculture.xml:14977
 msgid ""
 "Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must "
 "avoid burdening type D even if it aims to eliminate type A. The eagerness "
@@ -20749,7 +20759,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14981
+#: freeculture.xml:14985
 msgid ""
 "As I said in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"piracy\"/>, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial.  "
@@ -20759,7 +20769,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14989
+#: freeculture.xml:14993
 msgid ""
 "Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context "
 "that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should "
@@ -20767,7 +20777,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14994
+#: freeculture.xml:14998
 msgid ""
 "Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive "
 "today because it is the easiest way to gain access to a broad range of "
@@ -20782,7 +20792,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 303 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15006
+#: freeculture.xml:15010
 msgid ""
 "But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the "
 "Internet today is a technology in transition. Policy makers should not make "
@@ -20798,13 +20808,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15020
+#: freeculture.xml:15024
 msgid "cell phones, music streamed over"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15040
+#: freeculture.xml:15044
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, <quote>Music Media Watch,</quote> The J@pan "
 "Inc. Newsletter, 3 April 2002, available at <ulink "
@@ -20812,7 +20822,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15022
+#: freeculture.xml:15026
 msgid ""
 "In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give "
 "you access to content on the fly&mdash;such as Internet radio, content that "
@@ -20834,7 +20844,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 304 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15047
+#: freeculture.xml:15051
 msgid ""
 "This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the "
 "present: It is emphatically temporary. The <quote>problem</quote> with file "
@@ -20850,7 +20860,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15063
+#: freeculture.xml:15067
 msgid ""
 "The answer begins with recognizing that there are different "
 "<quote>problems</quote> here to solve. Let's start with type D "
@@ -20864,7 +20874,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15074
+#: freeculture.xml:15078
 msgid ""
 "Type C content raises a different <quote>problem.</quote> This is content "
 "that was, at one time, published and is no longer available. It may be "
@@ -20876,7 +20886,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15085
+#: freeculture.xml:15089
 msgid ""
 "Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, "
 "it may still be available in libraries and used book stores. But libraries "
@@ -20889,7 +20899,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15095
+#: freeculture.xml:15099
 msgid ""
 "The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem "
 "out-of-print music fair game. If the publisher does not make copies of the "
@@ -20902,7 +20912,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 305 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15106
+#: freeculture.xml:15110
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure "
 "that artists get something from the trade of their work. For example, if the "
@@ -20914,7 +20924,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15116
+#: freeculture.xml:15120
 msgid ""
 "This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works "
 "available commercially. Works that are available commercially would not be "
@@ -20927,7 +20937,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15126
+#: freeculture.xml:15130
 msgid ""
 "The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only "
 "because the extent of the problem will change over time, as the technologies "
@@ -20938,14 +20948,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15134
+#: freeculture.xml:15138
 msgid ""
 "So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in "
 "this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15138
+#: freeculture.xml:15142
 msgid ""
 "Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of "
 "the content industry is this: A new technology (the Internet)  has harmed a "
@@ -20959,7 +20969,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 306 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15149
+#: freeculture.xml:15153
 msgid ""
 "I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or "
 "asbestos.  But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law.  "
@@ -20970,17 +20980,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15156 freeculture.xml:15198
+#: freeculture.xml:15160 freeculture.xml:15202
 msgid "Promises to Keep (Fisher)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15196
+#: freeculture.xml:15200
 msgid "Fisher, William"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15162
+#: freeculture.xml:15166
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> William Fisher, "
 "<citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</citetitle> (last "
@@ -21022,7 +21032,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15158
+#: freeculture.xml:15162
 msgid ""
 "The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by "
 "Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -21037,7 +21047,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15212
+#: freeculture.xml:15216
 msgid ""
 "Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million "
 "questions, most of which he answers well in his upcoming book, "
@@ -21055,7 +21065,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 307 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15229
+#: freeculture.xml:15233
 msgid ""
 "Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is "
 "not just to ensure that artists are paid, but also to ensure that the system "
@@ -21068,17 +21078,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15242
+#: freeculture.xml:15246
 msgid "MusicStore"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15244
+#: freeculture.xml:15248
 msgid "prices of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15246
+#: freeculture.xml:15250
 msgid ""
 "No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of "
 "<quote>harm</quote> to an industry. But the difficulty of making that "
@@ -21096,17 +21106,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15261
+#: freeculture.xml:15265
 msgid "cable vs. broadcast"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15264
+#: freeculture.xml:15268
 msgid "luxury theatres vs. video piracy in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15266
+#: freeculture.xml:15270
 msgid ""
 "This competition has already occurred against the background of "
 "<quote>free</quote> music from p2p systems. As the sellers of cable "
@@ -21122,7 +21132,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15278
+#: freeculture.xml:15282
 msgid ""
 "This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't "
 "lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of "
@@ -21133,13 +21143,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15287
+#: freeculture.xml:15291
 msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 308 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15292
+#: freeculture.xml:15296
 msgid ""
 "The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in "
 "transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to "
@@ -21148,19 +21158,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15299
+#: freeculture.xml:15303
 msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15305
+#: freeculture.xml:15309
 msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15309
+#: freeculture.xml:15313
 msgid ""
 "permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial "
 "type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;"
@@ -21168,14 +21178,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15315
+#: freeculture.xml:15319
 msgid ""
 "while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the "
 "extent actual harm is demonstrated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15320
+#: freeculture.xml:15324
 msgid ""
 "But what if <quote>piracy</quote> doesn't disappear? What if there is a "
 "competitive market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number "
@@ -21184,7 +21194,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15326
+#: freeculture.xml:15330
 msgid ""
 "Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts "
 "develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue "
@@ -21201,7 +21211,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 309 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15340
+#: freeculture.xml:15344
 msgid ""
 "But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of "
 "type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding "
@@ -21211,12 +21221,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15351
+#: freeculture.xml:15355
 msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15353
+#: freeculture.xml:15357
 msgid ""
 "I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe "
 "in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, "
@@ -21225,7 +21235,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15359
+#: freeculture.xml:15363
 msgid ""
 "Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers "
 "have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that "
@@ -21235,18 +21245,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15366
+#: freeculture.xml:15370
 msgid "Nimmer, Melville"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15367
+#: freeculture.xml:15371
 msgid "Supreme Court challenge of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15378
+#: freeculture.xml:15382
 msgid ""
 "Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville "
 "B. Nimmer Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 "
@@ -21254,7 +21264,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15369
+#: freeculture.xml:15373
 msgid ""
 "The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a "
 "<quote>radical</quote> by many within the profession, yet the positions that "
@@ -21267,7 +21277,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15384
+#: freeculture.xml:15388
 msgid ""
 "However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is "
 "not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure "
@@ -21275,7 +21285,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15394
+#: freeculture.xml:15398
 msgid ""
 "A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be "
 "commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to "
@@ -21295,7 +21305,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15389
+#: freeculture.xml:15393
 msgid ""
 "Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits.  But "
 "more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system "
@@ -21307,7 +21317,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 310 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15418
+#: freeculture.xml:15422
 msgid ""
 "But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for "
 "anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is "
@@ -21317,7 +21327,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15426
+#: freeculture.xml:15430
 msgid ""
 "These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at "
 "the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a "
@@ -21330,7 +21340,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15436
+#: freeculture.xml:15440
 msgid ""
 "The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our "
 "tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty "
@@ -21341,7 +21351,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15444
+#: freeculture.xml:15448
 msgid ""
 "But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away "
 "from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the "
@@ -21349,7 +21359,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15451
+#: freeculture.xml:15455
 msgid ""
 "Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital "
 "technology&mdash;the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about "
@@ -21362,7 +21372,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 311
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15460
+#: freeculture.xml:15464
 msgid ""
 "The law should regulate in certain areas of culture&mdash;but it should "
 "regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely "
@@ -21372,7 +21382,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15469
+#: freeculture.xml:15473
 msgid ""
 "We should ask, <quote>Why?</quote> Show me why your regulation of culture is "
 "needed. Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your "
@@ -21380,12 +21390,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15478
+#: freeculture.xml:15482
 msgid "NOTES"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15480
+#: freeculture.xml:15484
 msgid ""
 "Throughout this text, there are references to links on the World Wide "
 "Web. As anyone who has tried to use the Web knows, these links can be highly "
@@ -21399,12 +21409,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15499
+#: freeculture.xml:15503
 msgid "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15501
+#: freeculture.xml:15505
 msgid ""
 "This book is the product of a long and as yet unsuccessful struggle that "
 "began when I read of Eric Eldred's war to keep books free. Eldred's work "
@@ -21413,7 +21423,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15508
+#: freeculture.xml:15512
 msgid ""
 "I received guidance in various places from friends and academics, including "
 "Glenn Brown, Peter DiCola, Jennifer Mnookin, Richard Posner, Mark Rose, and "
@@ -21429,7 +21439,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #. PAGE BREAK 337
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15521
+#: freeculture.xml:15525
 msgid ""
 "Yuko Noguchi helped me to understand the laws of Japan as well as its "
 "culture. I am thankful to her, and to the many in Japan who helped me "
@@ -21442,7 +21452,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15532
+#: freeculture.xml:15536
 msgid ""
 "These are the traditional sorts of help that academics regularly draw "
 "upon. But in addition to them, the Internet has made it possible to receive "
@@ -21464,7 +21474,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15552
+#: freeculture.xml:15556
 msgid ""
 "Richard Stallman and Michael Carroll each read the whole book in draft, and "
 "each provided extremely helpful correction and advice.  Michael helped me to "
@@ -21475,7 +21485,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15561
+#: freeculture.xml:15565
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and forever, I am thankful to Bettina, who has always insisted that "
 "there would be unending happiness away from these battles, and who has "
@@ -21484,19 +21494,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15572
+#: freeculture.xml:15576
 msgid ""
 "THE PENGUIN PRESS, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.  375 Hudson Street "
 "New York, New York"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15576
+#: freeculture.xml:15580
 msgid "Copyright &copy; Lawrence Lessig.  All rights reserved."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15579
+#: freeculture.xml:15583
 msgid ""
 "Excerpt from an editorial titled <quote>The Coming of Copyright "
 "Perpetuity,</quote> <citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>, January 16, "
@@ -21505,7 +21515,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15584
+#: freeculture.xml:15588
 msgid ""
 "Cartoon in <xref linkend=\"fig-1711-vcr-handgun-cartoonfig\"/> by Paul "
 "Conrad, copyright Tribune Media Services, Inc.  All rights "
@@ -21513,90 +21523,90 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15588
+#: freeculture.xml:15592
 msgid ""
 "Diagram in <xref linkend=\"fig-1761-pattern-modern-media-ownership\"/> "
 "courtesy of the office of FCC Commissioner, Michael J. Copps."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15592
+#: freeculture.xml:15596
 msgid "Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15595
+#: freeculture.xml:15599
 msgid ""
 "Lessig, Lawrence.  Free culture : how big media uses technology and the law "
 "to lock down culture and control creativity / Lawrence Lessig."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15600
+#: freeculture.xml:15604
 msgid "p. cm."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15603
+#: freeculture.xml:15607
 msgid "Includes index."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15606
+#: freeculture.xml:15610
 msgid "ISBN 1-59420-006-8 (hardcover)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15610
+#: freeculture.xml:15614
 msgid ""
 "1. Intellectual property&mdash;United States. 2. Mass media&mdash;United "
 "States."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15613
+#: freeculture.xml:15617
 msgid ""
 "3. Technological innovations&mdash;United States. 4. Art&mdash;United "
 "States. I. Title."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15616
+#: freeculture.xml:15620
 msgid "KF2979.L47"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15619
+#: freeculture.xml:15623
 msgid "343.7309'9&mdash;dc22"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15622
+#: freeculture.xml:15626
 msgid "This book is printed on acid-free paper."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15625
+#: freeculture.xml:15629
 msgid "Printed in the United States of America"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15628
+#: freeculture.xml:15632
 msgid "1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15631
+#: freeculture.xml:15635
 msgid "Designed by Marysarah Quinn"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15635
+#: freeculture.xml:15639
 msgid "&translationblock;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15639
+#: freeculture.xml:15643
 msgid ""
 "Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this "
 "publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval "
@@ -21606,7 +21616,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15647
+#: freeculture.xml:15651
 msgid ""
 "The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book via the Internet or "
 "via any other means without the permission of the publisher is illegal and "