From: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com>
Date: Sun, 13 Sep 2015 08:36:12 +0000 (+0200)
Subject: Generated.
X-Git-Tag: edition-2015-10-10~98
X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-free-culture-lessig.git/commitdiff_plain/71db85d5ee53a28603787b05395d641482dd50f6?ds=sidebyside

Generated.
---

diff --git a/freeculture.pot b/freeculture.pot
index fb2e1db..e6876fe 100644
--- a/freeculture.pot
+++ b/freeculture.pot
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-09-13 08:26+0200\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-09-13 10:34+0200\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:95 freeculture.xml:15842
+#: freeculture.xml:95 freeculture.xml:15846
 msgid ""
 "This book is licensed under a Creative Commons license. This license permits "
 "non-commercial use of this work, so long as attribution is given.  For more "
@@ -344,12 +344,12 @@ msgid "power, concentration of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:336 freeculture.xml:13863
+#: freeculture.xml:336 freeculture.xml:13867
 msgid "CodePink Women in Peace"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:337 freeculture.xml:358 freeculture.xml:13864
+#: freeculture.xml:337 freeculture.xml:358 freeculture.xml:13868
 msgid "Safire, William"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -471,17 +471,17 @@ msgid "air traffic, land ownership vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:427 freeculture.xml:14892
+#: freeculture.xml:427 freeculture.xml:14896
 msgid "land ownership, air traffic and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:428 freeculture.xml:4669 freeculture.xml:13765 freeculture.xml:14893
+#: freeculture.xml:428 freeculture.xml:4669 freeculture.xml:13769 freeculture.xml:14897
 msgid "property rights"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:428 freeculture.xml:14893
+#: freeculture.xml:428 freeculture.xml:14897
 msgid "air traffic vs."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -518,12 +518,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:452 freeculture.xml:465 freeculture.xml:498 freeculture.xml:518 freeculture.xml:704 freeculture.xml:832 freeculture.xml:959 freeculture.xml:977 freeculture.xml:1025 freeculture.xml:9603 freeculture.xml:13180 freeculture.xml:13967
+#: freeculture.xml:452 freeculture.xml:465 freeculture.xml:498 freeculture.xml:518 freeculture.xml:704 freeculture.xml:832 freeculture.xml:959 freeculture.xml:977 freeculture.xml:1025 freeculture.xml:9607 freeculture.xml:13184 freeculture.xml:13971
 msgid "Causby, Thomas Lee"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:453 freeculture.xml:466 freeculture.xml:499 freeculture.xml:519 freeculture.xml:705 freeculture.xml:833 freeculture.xml:960 freeculture.xml:978 freeculture.xml:1026 freeculture.xml:9604 freeculture.xml:13181 freeculture.xml:13968
+#: freeculture.xml:453 freeculture.xml:466 freeculture.xml:499 freeculture.xml:519 freeculture.xml:705 freeculture.xml:833 freeculture.xml:960 freeculture.xml:978 freeculture.xml:1026 freeculture.xml:9608 freeculture.xml:13185 freeculture.xml:13972
 msgid "Causby, Tinie"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ msgid "Douglas, William O."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:468 freeculture.xml:4558 freeculture.xml:5160 freeculture.xml:8916 freeculture.xml:14279
+#: freeculture.xml:468 freeculture.xml:4558 freeculture.xml:5160 freeculture.xml:8920 freeculture.xml:14283
 msgid "Supreme Court, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:543 freeculture.xml:9611 freeculture.xml:10309
+#: freeculture.xml:543 freeculture.xml:9615 freeculture.xml:10313
 msgid "Armstrong, Edwin Howard"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ msgid "Faraday, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:547 freeculture.xml:3365 freeculture.xml:4297 freeculture.xml:6847 freeculture.xml:8632 freeculture.xml:10213 freeculture.xml:10261
+#: freeculture.xml:547 freeculture.xml:3365 freeculture.xml:4297 freeculture.xml:6847 freeculture.xml:8636 freeculture.xml:10217 freeculture.xml:10265
 msgid "radio"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:599 freeculture.xml:6850 freeculture.xml:14031
+#: freeculture.xml:599 freeculture.xml:6850 freeculture.xml:14035
 msgid "RCA"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -913,12 +913,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:724 freeculture.xml:1098 freeculture.xml:2350 freeculture.xml:2362 freeculture.xml:2446 freeculture.xml:2480 freeculture.xml:2506 freeculture.xml:2757 freeculture.xml:4173 freeculture.xml:6730 freeculture.xml:7588 freeculture.xml:7656 freeculture.xml:10212 freeculture.xml:13496 freeculture.xml:14062 freeculture.xml:14063 freeculture.xml:14137
+#: freeculture.xml:724 freeculture.xml:1098 freeculture.xml:2350 freeculture.xml:2362 freeculture.xml:2446 freeculture.xml:2480 freeculture.xml:2506 freeculture.xml:2757 freeculture.xml:4173 freeculture.xml:6730 freeculture.xml:7592 freeculture.xml:7660 freeculture.xml:10216 freeculture.xml:13500 freeculture.xml:14066 freeculture.xml:14067 freeculture.xml:14141
 msgid "Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:724 freeculture.xml:4709 freeculture.xml:13496 freeculture.xml:14062
+#: freeculture.xml:724 freeculture.xml:4709 freeculture.xml:13500 freeculture.xml:14066
 msgid "development of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ msgid "culture"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:762 freeculture.xml:811 freeculture.xml:1702 freeculture.xml:5267 freeculture.xml:6501 freeculture.xml:14102
+#: freeculture.xml:762 freeculture.xml:811 freeculture.xml:1702 freeculture.xml:5267 freeculture.xml:6501 freeculture.xml:14106
 msgid "free culture"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1023,7 +1023,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:788 freeculture.xml:2853 freeculture.xml:2854 freeculture.xml:2881 freeculture.xml:2882 freeculture.xml:2883 freeculture.xml:7819 freeculture.xml:9670 freeculture.xml:9671 freeculture.xml:9946 freeculture.xml:9947 freeculture.xml:9948 freeculture.xml:9991
+#: freeculture.xml:788 freeculture.xml:2853 freeculture.xml:2854 freeculture.xml:2881 freeculture.xml:2882 freeculture.xml:2883 freeculture.xml:7823 freeculture.xml:9674 freeculture.xml:9675 freeculture.xml:9950 freeculture.xml:9951 freeculture.xml:9952 freeculture.xml:9995
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ msgid "free culture vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:818 freeculture.xml:10196
+#: freeculture.xml:818 freeculture.xml:10200
 msgid "Litman, Jessica"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1158,12 +1158,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:878 freeculture.xml:6274 freeculture.xml:6304 freeculture.xml:7543
+#: freeculture.xml:878 freeculture.xml:6274 freeculture.xml:6304 freeculture.xml:7547
 msgid "Valenti, Jack"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:878 freeculture.xml:7543
+#: freeculture.xml:878 freeculture.xml:7547
 msgid "on creative property rights"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1212,32 +1212,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:910 freeculture.xml:6882 freeculture.xml:6995 freeculture.xml:6996 freeculture.xml:6997 freeculture.xml:7042 freeculture.xml:7631 freeculture.xml:8914 freeculture.xml:11202 freeculture.xml:11493 freeculture.xml:12145
+#: freeculture.xml:910 freeculture.xml:6882 freeculture.xml:6995 freeculture.xml:6996 freeculture.xml:6997 freeculture.xml:7046 freeculture.xml:7635 freeculture.xml:8918 freeculture.xml:11206 freeculture.xml:11497 freeculture.xml:12149
 msgid "Constitution, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:910 freeculture.xml:6882 freeculture.xml:7631 freeculture.xml:8914
+#: freeculture.xml:910 freeculture.xml:6882 freeculture.xml:7635 freeculture.xml:8918
 msgid "First Amendment to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:911 freeculture.xml:1076 freeculture.xml:1184 freeculture.xml:1210 freeculture.xml:1434 freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:1599 freeculture.xml:1713 freeculture.xml:3119 freeculture.xml:3210 freeculture.xml:4295 freeculture.xml:4296 freeculture.xml:4709 freeculture.xml:4710 freeculture.xml:5311 freeculture.xml:6503 freeculture.xml:6949 freeculture.xml:7029 freeculture.xml:7030 freeculture.xml:7214 freeculture.xml:7314 freeculture.xml:7346 freeculture.xml:7376 freeculture.xml:7411 freeculture.xml:7525 freeculture.xml:7526 freeculture.xml:7587 freeculture.xml:7625 freeculture.xml:7725 freeculture.xml:7739 freeculture.xml:7798 freeculture.xml:7799 freeculture.xml:7897 freeculture.xml:9832 freeculture.xml:10185 freeculture.xml:11142 freeculture.xml:11187
+#: freeculture.xml:911 freeculture.xml:1076 freeculture.xml:1184 freeculture.xml:1210 freeculture.xml:1434 freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:1599 freeculture.xml:1713 freeculture.xml:3119 freeculture.xml:3210 freeculture.xml:4295 freeculture.xml:4296 freeculture.xml:4709 freeculture.xml:4710 freeculture.xml:5311 freeculture.xml:6503 freeculture.xml:6949 freeculture.xml:7033 freeculture.xml:7034 freeculture.xml:7218 freeculture.xml:7318 freeculture.xml:7350 freeculture.xml:7380 freeculture.xml:7415 freeculture.xml:7529 freeculture.xml:7530 freeculture.xml:7591 freeculture.xml:7629 freeculture.xml:7729 freeculture.xml:7743 freeculture.xml:7802 freeculture.xml:7803 freeculture.xml:7901 freeculture.xml:9836 freeculture.xml:10189 freeculture.xml:11146 freeculture.xml:11191
 msgid "copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:911 freeculture.xml:7029
+#: freeculture.xml:911 freeculture.xml:7033
 msgid "as protection of creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:912 freeculture.xml:6883 freeculture.xml:7632 freeculture.xml:8915
+#: freeculture.xml:912 freeculture.xml:6883 freeculture.xml:7636 freeculture.xml:8919
 msgid "First Amendment"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:913 freeculture.xml:923 freeculture.xml:15291
+#: freeculture.xml:913 freeculture.xml:923 freeculture.xml:15295
 msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:961 freeculture.xml:1148 freeculture.xml:13412 freeculture.xml:13495 freeculture.xml:13665
+#: freeculture.xml:961 freeculture.xml:1148 freeculture.xml:13416 freeculture.xml:13499 freeculture.xml:13669
 msgid "intellectual property rights"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1495,7 +1495,7 @@ msgid "efficient content distribution on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1099 freeculture.xml:6731 freeculture.xml:11190
+#: freeculture.xml:1099 freeculture.xml:6731 freeculture.xml:11194
 msgid "peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1578,7 +1578,7 @@ msgid "Girl Scouts"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1148 freeculture.xml:1149 freeculture.xml:7000 freeculture.xml:7100 freeculture.xml:7544
+#: freeculture.xml:1148 freeculture.xml:1149 freeculture.xml:7000 freeculture.xml:7104 freeculture.xml:7548
 msgid "creative property"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1602,7 +1602,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1169 freeculture.xml:7480
+#: freeculture.xml:1169 freeculture.xml:7484
 msgid "Zittrain, Jonathan"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1644,7 +1644,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1184 freeculture.xml:7314 freeculture.xml:7411 freeculture.xml:7725
+#: freeculture.xml:1184 freeculture.xml:7318 freeculture.xml:7415 freeculture.xml:7729
 msgid "on republishing vs. transformation of original work"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1654,7 +1654,7 @@ msgid "creativity"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1185 freeculture.xml:3817 freeculture.xml:3818 freeculture.xml:3825 freeculture.xml:9833
+#: freeculture.xml:1185 freeculture.xml:3817 freeculture.xml:3818 freeculture.xml:3825 freeculture.xml:9837
 msgid "innovation"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1782,7 +1782,7 @@ msgid "Steamboat Willie"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1263 freeculture.xml:7505
+#: freeculture.xml:1263 freeculture.xml:7509
 msgid "Mickey Mouse"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1798,7 +1798,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1271 freeculture.xml:1489 freeculture.xml:1543 freeculture.xml:1684 freeculture.xml:1930 freeculture.xml:4545 freeculture.xml:6242 freeculture.xml:7504 freeculture.xml:11083 freeculture.xml:11496
+#: freeculture.xml:1271 freeculture.xml:1489 freeculture.xml:1543 freeculture.xml:1684 freeculture.xml:1930 freeculture.xml:4545 freeculture.xml:6242 freeculture.xml:7508 freeculture.xml:11087 freeculture.xml:11500
 msgid "Disney, Walt"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1906,22 +1906,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1339 freeculture.xml:1497 freeculture.xml:7315 freeculture.xml:7412 freeculture.xml:7590 freeculture.xml:7694 freeculture.xml:7740
+#: freeculture.xml:1339 freeculture.xml:1497 freeculture.xml:7319 freeculture.xml:7416 freeculture.xml:7594 freeculture.xml:7698 freeculture.xml:7744
 msgid "derivative works"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1339 freeculture.xml:1497 freeculture.xml:7412 freeculture.xml:7590
+#: freeculture.xml:1339 freeculture.xml:1497 freeculture.xml:7416 freeculture.xml:7594
 msgid "piracy vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1340 freeculture.xml:1500 freeculture.xml:3009 freeculture.xml:3715 freeculture.xml:7413 freeculture.xml:7591 freeculture.xml:15357
+#: freeculture.xml:1340 freeculture.xml:1500 freeculture.xml:3009 freeculture.xml:3715 freeculture.xml:7417 freeculture.xml:7595 freeculture.xml:15361
 msgid "piracy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1340 freeculture.xml:1500 freeculture.xml:7413 freeculture.xml:7591
+#: freeculture.xml:1340 freeculture.xml:1500 freeculture.xml:7417 freeculture.xml:7595
 msgid "derivative work vs."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1960,7 +1960,7 @@ msgid "by transforming previous works"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1369 freeculture.xml:6285 freeculture.xml:7797
+#: freeculture.xml:1369 freeculture.xml:6285 freeculture.xml:7801
 msgid "Disney, Inc."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1989,7 +1989,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1389 freeculture.xml:1685 freeculture.xml:11084
+#: freeculture.xml:1389 freeculture.xml:1685 freeculture.xml:11088
 msgid "Grimm fairy tales"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2046,17 +2046,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1434 freeculture.xml:1435 freeculture.xml:4762 freeculture.xml:4763 freeculture.xml:4829 freeculture.xml:4867 freeculture.xml:4923 freeculture.xml:4969 freeculture.xml:5104 freeculture.xml:5198 freeculture.xml:6698 freeculture.xml:6998 freeculture.xml:6999 freeculture.xml:7002 freeculture.xml:7071 freeculture.xml:7097 freeculture.xml:7136 freeculture.xml:7260 freeculture.xml:7307 freeculture.xml:7344 freeculture.xml:7647 freeculture.xml:7818 freeculture.xml:11141 freeculture.xml:11165 freeculture.xml:11494 freeculture.xml:11495 freeculture.xml:14010 freeculture.xml:14044
+#: freeculture.xml:1434 freeculture.xml:1435 freeculture.xml:4762 freeculture.xml:4763 freeculture.xml:4829 freeculture.xml:4867 freeculture.xml:4923 freeculture.xml:4969 freeculture.xml:5104 freeculture.xml:5198 freeculture.xml:6698 freeculture.xml:6998 freeculture.xml:6999 freeculture.xml:7002 freeculture.xml:7075 freeculture.xml:7101 freeculture.xml:7140 freeculture.xml:7264 freeculture.xml:7311 freeculture.xml:7348 freeculture.xml:7651 freeculture.xml:7822 freeculture.xml:11145 freeculture.xml:11169 freeculture.xml:11498 freeculture.xml:11499 freeculture.xml:14014 freeculture.xml:14048
 msgid "copyright"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1435 freeculture.xml:4762 freeculture.xml:4923 freeculture.xml:6999 freeculture.xml:7002 freeculture.xml:7097 freeculture.xml:11141 freeculture.xml:11495
+#: freeculture.xml:1435 freeculture.xml:4762 freeculture.xml:4923 freeculture.xml:6999 freeculture.xml:7002 freeculture.xml:7101 freeculture.xml:11145 freeculture.xml:11499
 msgid "duration of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1436 freeculture.xml:1437 freeculture.xml:5199 freeculture.xml:7101 freeculture.xml:7225 freeculture.xml:8110 freeculture.xml:11075 freeculture.xml:13500 freeculture.xml:14296 freeculture.xml:14297
+#: freeculture.xml:1436 freeculture.xml:1437 freeculture.xml:5199 freeculture.xml:7105 freeculture.xml:7229 freeculture.xml:8114 freeculture.xml:11079 freeculture.xml:13504 freeculture.xml:14300 freeculture.xml:14301
 msgid "public domain"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2367,7 +2367,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1671 freeculture.xml:3030 freeculture.xml:4775 freeculture.xml:5034 freeculture.xml:7928 freeculture.xml:9059
+#: freeculture.xml:1671 freeculture.xml:3030 freeculture.xml:4775 freeculture.xml:5034 freeculture.xml:7932 freeculture.xml:9063
 msgid "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2747,7 +2747,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1931 freeculture.xml:9758
+#: freeculture.xml:1931 freeculture.xml:9762
 msgid "images, ownership of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2818,7 +2818,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1983 freeculture.xml:3819 freeculture.xml:3841 freeculture.xml:3842 freeculture.xml:5794 freeculture.xml:9999
+#: freeculture.xml:1983 freeculture.xml:3819 freeculture.xml:3841 freeculture.xml:3842 freeculture.xml:5794 freeculture.xml:10003
 msgid "Napster"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2954,22 +2954,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2076 freeculture.xml:2626 freeculture.xml:6806 freeculture.xml:7778 freeculture.xml:8881 freeculture.xml:8935
+#: freeculture.xml:2076 freeculture.xml:2626 freeculture.xml:6806 freeculture.xml:7782 freeculture.xml:8885 freeculture.xml:8939
 msgid "advertising"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2077 freeculture.xml:6808 freeculture.xml:8882
+#: freeculture.xml:2077 freeculture.xml:6808 freeculture.xml:8886
 msgid "commercials"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2078 freeculture.xml:6807 freeculture.xml:8883 freeculture.xml:8917 freeculture.xml:15355
+#: freeculture.xml:2078 freeculture.xml:6807 freeculture.xml:8887 freeculture.xml:8921 freeculture.xml:15359
 msgid "television"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2078 freeculture.xml:6807 freeculture.xml:8883
+#: freeculture.xml:2078 freeculture.xml:6807 freeculture.xml:8887
 msgid "advertising on"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3121,7 +3121,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f31 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2192 freeculture.xml:4086 freeculture.xml:5262 freeculture.xml:8770
+#: freeculture.xml:2192 freeculture.xml:4086 freeculture.xml:5262 freeculture.xml:8774
 msgid "Ibid."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3279,7 +3279,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2312 freeculture.xml:8709 freeculture.xml:8929
+#: freeculture.xml:2312 freeculture.xml:8713 freeculture.xml:8933
 msgid "ABC"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3896,7 +3896,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2740 freeculture.xml:5958 freeculture.xml:5999 freeculture.xml:11571 freeculture.xml:11829
+#: freeculture.xml:2740 freeculture.xml:5958 freeculture.xml:5999 freeculture.xml:11575 freeculture.xml:11833
 msgid "Kahle, Brewster"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -3914,7 +3914,7 @@ msgid "Chapter Three: Catalogs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2751 freeculture.xml:2794 freeculture.xml:9673
+#: freeculture.xml:2751 freeculture.xml:2794 freeculture.xml:9677
 msgid "Jordan, Jesse"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4001,7 +4001,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2795 freeculture.xml:3720 freeculture.xml:3722 freeculture.xml:3723 freeculture.xml:5546 freeculture.xml:8239 freeculture.xml:13599 freeculture.xml:13668
+#: freeculture.xml:2795 freeculture.xml:3720 freeculture.xml:3722 freeculture.xml:3723 freeculture.xml:5546 freeculture.xml:8243 freeculture.xml:13603 freeculture.xml:13672
 msgid "Microsoft"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4079,7 +4079,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2853 freeculture.xml:9671 freeculture.xml:9948
+#: freeculture.xml:2853 freeculture.xml:9675 freeculture.xml:9952
 msgid "in recording industry"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4089,22 +4089,22 @@ msgid "against student file sharing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2855 freeculture.xml:2953 freeculture.xml:3211 freeculture.xml:3340 freeculture.xml:4298 freeculture.xml:4299 freeculture.xml:4300 freeculture.xml:9949 freeculture.xml:10363 freeculture.xml:10364 freeculture.xml:10365 freeculture.xml:10521
+#: freeculture.xml:2855 freeculture.xml:2953 freeculture.xml:3211 freeculture.xml:3340 freeculture.xml:4298 freeculture.xml:4299 freeculture.xml:4300 freeculture.xml:9953 freeculture.xml:10367 freeculture.xml:10368 freeculture.xml:10369 freeculture.xml:10525
 msgid "recording industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2855 freeculture.xml:9949
+#: freeculture.xml:2855 freeculture.xml:9953
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2856 freeculture.xml:2885 freeculture.xml:2954 freeculture.xml:9950 freeculture.xml:10366 freeculture.xml:10367 freeculture.xml:10519
+#: freeculture.xml:2856 freeculture.xml:2885 freeculture.xml:2954 freeculture.xml:9954 freeculture.xml:10370 freeculture.xml:10371 freeculture.xml:10523
 msgid "Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2856 freeculture.xml:9950
+#: freeculture.xml:2856 freeculture.xml:9954
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits filed by"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4135,7 +4135,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2881 freeculture.xml:9670 freeculture.xml:9947
+#: freeculture.xml:2881 freeculture.xml:9674 freeculture.xml:9951
 msgid "exaggerated claims of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4261,22 +4261,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2952 freeculture.xml:3341 freeculture.xml:4291 freeculture.xml:5555 freeculture.xml:5604 freeculture.xml:10258 freeculture.xml:10359 freeculture.xml:10520 freeculture.xml:10543 freeculture.xml:15256 freeculture.xml:15321
+#: freeculture.xml:2952 freeculture.xml:3341 freeculture.xml:4291 freeculture.xml:5555 freeculture.xml:5604 freeculture.xml:10262 freeculture.xml:10363 freeculture.xml:10524 freeculture.xml:10547 freeculture.xml:15260 freeculture.xml:15325
 msgid "artists"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2952 freeculture.xml:3341 freeculture.xml:4291 freeculture.xml:10258 freeculture.xml:10359 freeculture.xml:10520 freeculture.xml:10543 freeculture.xml:15256 freeculture.xml:15321
+#: freeculture.xml:2952 freeculture.xml:3341 freeculture.xml:4291 freeculture.xml:10262 freeculture.xml:10363 freeculture.xml:10524 freeculture.xml:10547 freeculture.xml:15260 freeculture.xml:15325
 msgid "recording industry payments to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2953 freeculture.xml:4298 freeculture.xml:10363 freeculture.xml:10521
+#: freeculture.xml:2953 freeculture.xml:4298 freeculture.xml:10367 freeculture.xml:10525
 msgid "artist remuneration in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2954 freeculture.xml:10367
+#: freeculture.xml:2954 freeculture.xml:10371
 msgid "lobbying power of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4372,12 +4372,12 @@ msgid "Hollywood film industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3024 freeculture.xml:7779 freeculture.xml:15358
+#: freeculture.xml:3024 freeculture.xml:7783 freeculture.xml:15362
 msgid "film industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3026 freeculture.xml:7236 freeculture.xml:11145 freeculture.xml:11146 freeculture.xml:13241 freeculture.xml:13723
+#: freeculture.xml:3026 freeculture.xml:7240 freeculture.xml:11149 freeculture.xml:11150 freeculture.xml:13245 freeculture.xml:13727
 msgid "patents"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4437,12 +4437,12 @@ msgid "General Film Company"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3060 freeculture.xml:3359 freeculture.xml:4527 freeculture.xml:10409
+#: freeculture.xml:3060 freeculture.xml:3359 freeculture.xml:4527 freeculture.xml:10413
 msgid "Picker, Randal C."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3084 freeculture.xml:4526 freeculture.xml:10126 freeculture.xml:10239
+#: freeculture.xml:3084 freeculture.xml:4526 freeculture.xml:10130 freeculture.xml:10243
 msgid "broadcast flag"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4666,22 +4666,22 @@ msgid "player pianos"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3208 freeculture.xml:3209 freeculture.xml:4293 freeculture.xml:4294 freeculture.xml:4378 freeculture.xml:4379 freeculture.xml:7009 freeculture.xml:7098 freeculture.xml:7212 freeculture.xml:7213 freeculture.xml:10360 freeculture.xml:10361 freeculture.xml:10362 freeculture.xml:11140 freeculture.xml:11201 freeculture.xml:12144
+#: freeculture.xml:3208 freeculture.xml:3209 freeculture.xml:4293 freeculture.xml:4294 freeculture.xml:4378 freeculture.xml:4379 freeculture.xml:7009 freeculture.xml:7102 freeculture.xml:7216 freeculture.xml:7217 freeculture.xml:10364 freeculture.xml:10365 freeculture.xml:10366 freeculture.xml:11144 freeculture.xml:11205 freeculture.xml:12148
 msgid "Congress, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3208 freeculture.xml:4293 freeculture.xml:4378 freeculture.xml:7098 freeculture.xml:7212 freeculture.xml:10360
+#: freeculture.xml:3208 freeculture.xml:4293 freeculture.xml:4378 freeculture.xml:7102 freeculture.xml:7216 freeculture.xml:10364
 msgid "on copyright laws"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3209 freeculture.xml:4294 freeculture.xml:10362
+#: freeculture.xml:3209 freeculture.xml:4294 freeculture.xml:10366
 msgid "on recording industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3210 freeculture.xml:4296 freeculture.xml:10185
+#: freeculture.xml:3210 freeculture.xml:4296 freeculture.xml:10189
 msgid "statutory licenses in"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4752,7 +4752,7 @@ msgid "compulsory license"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3254 freeculture.xml:4301 freeculture.xml:10184
+#: freeculture.xml:3254 freeculture.xml:4301 freeculture.xml:10188
 msgid "statutory licenses"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4768,7 +4768,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3263 freeculture.xml:14952
+#: freeculture.xml:3263 freeculture.xml:14956
 msgid "Grisham, John"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4858,7 +4858,7 @@ msgid "Radio"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3340 freeculture.xml:4300 freeculture.xml:10364
+#: freeculture.xml:3340 freeculture.xml:4300 freeculture.xml:10368
 msgid "radio broadcast and"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4901,12 +4901,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3365 freeculture.xml:4297 freeculture.xml:10261
+#: freeculture.xml:3365 freeculture.xml:4297 freeculture.xml:10265
 msgid "music recordings played on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3377 freeculture.xml:9427 freeculture.xml:9902 freeculture.xml:12994
+#: freeculture.xml:3377 freeculture.xml:9431 freeculture.xml:9906 freeculture.xml:12998
 msgid "Lovett, Lyle"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -4979,7 +4979,7 @@ msgid "Cable TV"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3421 freeculture.xml:4315 freeculture.xml:8604 freeculture.xml:8644 freeculture.xml:15354
+#: freeculture.xml:3421 freeculture.xml:4315 freeculture.xml:8608 freeculture.xml:8648 freeculture.xml:15358
 msgid "cable television"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5223,12 +5223,12 @@ msgid "Piracy I"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3584 freeculture.xml:3664 freeculture.xml:3714 freeculture.xml:15356
+#: freeculture.xml:3584 freeculture.xml:3664 freeculture.xml:3714 freeculture.xml:15360
 msgid "Asia, commercial piracy in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3585 freeculture.xml:4039 freeculture.xml:9903 freeculture.xml:10761 freeculture.xml:14747 freeculture.xml:15338
+#: freeculture.xml:3585 freeculture.xml:4039 freeculture.xml:9907 freeculture.xml:10765 freeculture.xml:14751 freeculture.xml:15342
 msgid "CDs"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5310,7 +5310,7 @@ msgid "agricultural patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3658 freeculture.xml:13286 freeculture.xml:13778 freeculture.xml:13785
+#: freeculture.xml:3658 freeculture.xml:13290 freeculture.xml:13782 freeculture.xml:13789
 msgid "Drahos, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5347,7 +5347,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3679 freeculture.xml:3960 freeculture.xml:15504
+#: freeculture.xml:3679 freeculture.xml:3960 freeculture.xml:15508
 msgid "Liebowitz, Stan"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5410,7 +5410,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3715 freeculture.xml:15357
+#: freeculture.xml:3715 freeculture.xml:15361
 msgid "in Asia"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5420,17 +5420,17 @@ msgid "open-source software"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3716 freeculture.xml:3717 freeculture.xml:13597 freeculture.xml:14189
+#: freeculture.xml:3716 freeculture.xml:3717 freeculture.xml:13601 freeculture.xml:14193
 msgid "free software/open-source software (FS/OSS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3718 freeculture.xml:3748 freeculture.xml:12075 freeculture.xml:13612 freeculture.xml:14245
+#: freeculture.xml:3718 freeculture.xml:3748 freeculture.xml:12079 freeculture.xml:13616 freeculture.xml:14249
 msgid "GNU/Linux operating system"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3719 freeculture.xml:3749 freeculture.xml:12077 freeculture.xml:13613 freeculture.xml:14246
+#: freeculture.xml:3719 freeculture.xml:3749 freeculture.xml:12081 freeculture.xml:13617 freeculture.xml:14250
 msgid "Linux operating system"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5471,12 +5471,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:4784 freeculture.xml:5008 freeculture.xml:6504 freeculture.xml:6580 freeculture.xml:6715 freeculture.xml:7127 freeculture.xml:14277
+#: freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:4784 freeculture.xml:5008 freeculture.xml:6504 freeculture.xml:6580 freeculture.xml:6715 freeculture.xml:7131 freeculture.xml:14281
 msgid "law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:14277
+#: freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:14281
 msgid "databases of case reports in"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5597,7 +5597,7 @@ msgid "Fanning, Shawn"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3835 freeculture.xml:8839
+#: freeculture.xml:3835 freeculture.xml:8843
 msgid "Christensen, Clayton M."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -5821,12 +5821,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3977 freeculture.xml:3986 freeculture.xml:4347 freeculture.xml:8399 freeculture.xml:8428 freeculture.xml:10182 freeculture.xml:15064
+#: freeculture.xml:3977 freeculture.xml:3986 freeculture.xml:4347 freeculture.xml:8403 freeculture.xml:8432 freeculture.xml:10186 freeculture.xml:15068
 msgid "cassette recording"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3977 freeculture.xml:4347 freeculture.xml:8399 freeculture.xml:8428 freeculture.xml:10182 freeculture.xml:10183 freeculture.xml:15064 freeculture.xml:15065
+#: freeculture.xml:3977 freeculture.xml:4347 freeculture.xml:8403 freeculture.xml:8432 freeculture.xml:10186 freeculture.xml:10187 freeculture.xml:15068 freeculture.xml:15069
 msgid "VCRs"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -6041,12 +6041,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4141 freeculture.xml:4150 freeculture.xml:4171 freeculture.xml:4195 freeculture.xml:4708 freeculture.xml:6170 freeculture.xml:6175 freeculture.xml:6227 freeculture.xml:7198 freeculture.xml:7199 freeculture.xml:7586 freeculture.xml:7655 freeculture.xml:7943 freeculture.xml:14449 freeculture.xml:15176 freeculture.xml:15177
+#: freeculture.xml:4141 freeculture.xml:4150 freeculture.xml:4171 freeculture.xml:4195 freeculture.xml:4708 freeculture.xml:6170 freeculture.xml:6175 freeculture.xml:6227 freeculture.xml:7202 freeculture.xml:7203 freeculture.xml:7590 freeculture.xml:7659 freeculture.xml:7947 freeculture.xml:14453 freeculture.xml:15180 freeculture.xml:15181
 msgid "books"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4141 freeculture.xml:4150 freeculture.xml:7198 freeculture.xml:15177
+#: freeculture.xml:4141 freeculture.xml:4150 freeculture.xml:7202 freeculture.xml:15181
 msgid "resales of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -6085,7 +6085,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4171 freeculture.xml:6170 freeculture.xml:6175 freeculture.xml:7199 freeculture.xml:15176
+#: freeculture.xml:4171 freeculture.xml:6170 freeculture.xml:6175 freeculture.xml:7203 freeculture.xml:15180
 msgid "out of print"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -6095,7 +6095,7 @@ msgid "Bernstein, Leonard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4173 freeculture.xml:7656
+#: freeculture.xml:4173 freeculture.xml:7660
 msgid "books on"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -6127,7 +6127,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4195 freeculture.xml:14449
+#: freeculture.xml:4195 freeculture.xml:14453
 msgid "free on-line releases of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -6317,7 +6317,7 @@ msgid "Betamax"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4348 freeculture.xml:8168 freeculture.xml:8312 freeculture.xml:8377 freeculture.xml:8489
+#: freeculture.xml:4348 freeculture.xml:8172 freeculture.xml:8316 freeculture.xml:8381 freeculture.xml:8493
 msgid "Sony"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -6730,7 +6730,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4649 freeculture.xml:6465 freeculture.xml:14436
+#: freeculture.xml:4649 freeculture.xml:6465 freeculture.xml:14440
 msgid "Jefferson, Thomas"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -6825,7 +6825,7 @@ msgid "England, copyright laws developed in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4712 freeculture.xml:13973
+#: freeculture.xml:4712 freeculture.xml:13977
 msgid "United Kingdom"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -6929,12 +6929,12 @@ msgid "British Parliament"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4763 freeculture.xml:7136
+#: freeculture.xml:4763 freeculture.xml:7140
 msgid "renewability of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4764 freeculture.xml:4816 freeculture.xml:4860 freeculture.xml:4967 freeculture.xml:5054 freeculture.xml:7126
+#: freeculture.xml:4764 freeculture.xml:4816 freeculture.xml:4860 freeculture.xml:4967 freeculture.xml:5054 freeculture.xml:7130
 msgid "Statute of Anne (1710)"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7076,7 +7076,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4867 freeculture.xml:7647 freeculture.xml:7818
+#: freeculture.xml:4867 freeculture.xml:7651 freeculture.xml:7822
 msgid "usage restrictions attached to"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7221,7 +7221,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4969 freeculture.xml:5104 freeculture.xml:5198 freeculture.xml:11165
+#: freeculture.xml:4969 freeculture.xml:5104 freeculture.xml:5198 freeculture.xml:11169
 msgid "in perpetuity"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7344,7 +7344,7 @@ msgid "Erskine, Andrew"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5066 freeculture.xml:15601
+#: freeculture.xml:5066 freeculture.xml:15605
 msgid "Rose, Mark"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7671,7 +7671,7 @@ msgid "Chapter Seven: Recorders"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5311 freeculture.xml:7625 freeculture.xml:7739 freeculture.xml:7798
+#: freeculture.xml:5311 freeculture.xml:7629 freeculture.xml:7743 freeculture.xml:7802
 msgid "fair use and"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7686,7 +7686,7 @@ msgid "Else, Jon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5314 freeculture.xml:5461 freeculture.xml:7624 freeculture.xml:7657 freeculture.xml:7738 freeculture.xml:7800
+#: freeculture.xml:5314 freeculture.xml:5461 freeculture.xml:7628 freeculture.xml:7661 freeculture.xml:7742 freeculture.xml:7804
 msgid "fair use"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -7918,7 +7918,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5461 freeculture.xml:7800
+#: freeculture.xml:5461 freeculture.xml:7804
 msgid "legal intimidation tactics against"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -8025,7 +8025,7 @@ msgid "Allen, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5545 freeculture.xml:5605 freeculture.xml:5790 freeculture.xml:10518 freeculture.xml:14967
+#: freeculture.xml:5545 freeculture.xml:5605 freeculture.xml:5790 freeculture.xml:10522 freeculture.xml:14971
 msgid "Alben, Alex"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -8526,12 +8526,12 @@ msgid "Chapter Nine: Collectors"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5905 freeculture.xml:9257 freeculture.xml:11584 freeculture.xml:11830
+#: freeculture.xml:5905 freeculture.xml:9261 freeculture.xml:11588 freeculture.xml:11834
 msgid "archives, digital"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5906 freeculture.xml:8542
+#: freeculture.xml:5906 freeculture.xml:8546
 msgid "bots"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -8681,7 +8681,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6010 freeculture.xml:6065 freeculture.xml:10503
+#: freeculture.xml:6010 freeculture.xml:6065 freeculture.xml:10507
 msgid "Library of Congress"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -8696,7 +8696,7 @@ msgid "Vanderbilt University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6014 freeculture.xml:11074 freeculture.xml:14148 freeculture.xml:14278 freeculture.xml:14314
+#: freeculture.xml:6014 freeculture.xml:11078 freeculture.xml:14152 freeculture.xml:14282 freeculture.xml:14318
 msgid "libraries"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -9061,7 +9061,7 @@ msgid "Johnson, Lyndon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6273 freeculture.xml:10259
+#: freeculture.xml:6273 freeculture.xml:10263
 msgid "Kennedy, John F."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -9108,7 +9108,7 @@ msgid "Universal Pictures"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6291 freeculture.xml:7909 freeculture.xml:8081
+#: freeculture.xml:6291 freeculture.xml:7913 freeculture.xml:8085
 msgid "Warner Brothers"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -9370,7 +9370,7 @@ msgid "four modalities of constraint on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6502 freeculture.xml:6761 freeculture.xml:9834 freeculture.xml:9951
+#: freeculture.xml:6502 freeculture.xml:6761 freeculture.xml:9838 freeculture.xml:9955
 msgid "regulation"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -9403,7 +9403,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6518 freeculture.xml:6711 freeculture.xml:7081
+#: freeculture.xml:6518 freeculture.xml:6711 freeculture.xml:7085
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/1331.svg\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
@@ -9445,7 +9445,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6550 freeculture.xml:6599 freeculture.xml:6692 freeculture.xml:6732 freeculture.xml:9843 freeculture.xml:10077
+#: freeculture.xml:6550 freeculture.xml:6599 freeculture.xml:6692 freeculture.xml:6732 freeculture.xml:9847 freeculture.xml:10081
 msgid "market constraints"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -9632,7 +9632,7 @@ msgid "Why Hollywood Is Right"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6698 freeculture.xml:7071
+#: freeculture.xml:6698 freeculture.xml:7075
 msgid "four regulatory modalities on"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -9692,7 +9692,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6744 freeculture.xml:7589 freeculture.xml:7898
+#: freeculture.xml:6744 freeculture.xml:7593 freeculture.xml:7902
 msgid "technology"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -9726,7 +9726,7 @@ msgid "Commerce, U.S. Department of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6761 freeculture.xml:9834
+#: freeculture.xml:6761 freeculture.xml:9838
 msgid "as establishment protectionism"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -9834,17 +9834,17 @@ msgid "free market, technological changes in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6845 freeculture.xml:15543
+#: freeculture.xml:6845 freeculture.xml:15547
 msgid "Brezhnev, Leonid"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6848 freeculture.xml:13737
+#: freeculture.xml:6848 freeculture.xml:13741
 msgid "Gates, Bill"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6849 freeculture.xml:7863
+#: freeculture.xml:6849 freeculture.xml:7867
 msgid "market competition"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -10068,17 +10068,17 @@ msgid "on creative property"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6996 freeculture.xml:11493
+#: freeculture.xml:6996 freeculture.xml:11497
 msgid "copyright purpose established in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6997 freeculture.xml:11202
+#: freeculture.xml:6997 freeculture.xml:11206
 msgid "Progress Clause of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6998 freeculture.xml:11494
+#: freeculture.xml:6998 freeculture.xml:11498
 msgid "constitutional purpose of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -10088,7 +10088,7 @@ msgid "constitutional tradition on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7001 freeculture.xml:11203
+#: freeculture.xml:7001 freeculture.xml:11207
 msgid "Progress Clause"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -10114,28 +10114,32 @@ msgid ""
 "I, section 8, clause 8 of our Constitution states that:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#.  PAGE BREAK 142 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7016
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7017
 msgid ""
 "Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, "
 "by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right "
-"to their respective Writings and Discoveries.  We can call this the "
-"<quote>Progress Clause,</quote> for notice what this clause does not say. It "
-"does not say Congress has the power to grant <quote>creative property "
-"rights.</quote> It says that Congress has the power <emphasis>to promote "
-"progress</emphasis>. The grant of power is its purpose, and its purpose is a "
-"public one, not the purpose of enriching publishers, nor even primarily the "
-"purpose of rewarding authors."
+"to their respective Writings and Discoveries."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7025
+msgid ""
+"We can call this the <quote>Progress Clause,</quote> for notice what this "
+"clause does not say. It does not say Congress has the power to grant "
+"<quote>creative property rights.</quote> It says that Congress has the power "
+"<emphasis>to promote progress</emphasis>. The grant of power is its purpose, "
+"and its purpose is a public one, not the purpose of enriching publishers, "
+"nor even primarily the purpose of rewarding authors."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7030
+#: freeculture.xml:7034
 msgid "history of American"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7032
+#: freeculture.xml:7036
 msgid ""
 "The Progress Clause expressly limits the term of copyrights. As we saw in "
 "chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"founders\"/>, the "
@@ -10148,22 +10152,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7041
+#: freeculture.xml:7045
 msgid "Senate, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7042
+#: freeculture.xml:7046
 msgid "structural checks and balances of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7043
+#: freeculture.xml:7047
 msgid "electoral college"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7045
+#: freeculture.xml:7049
 msgid ""
 "The design of the Progress Clause reflects something about the "
 "Constitution's design in general. To avoid a problem, the framers built "
@@ -10180,7 +10184,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7062
+#: freeculture.xml:7066
 msgid ""
 "I doubt the framers would recognize the regulation we call "
 "<quote>copyright</quote> today. The scope of that regulation is far beyond "
@@ -10191,7 +10195,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 143 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7073
+#: freeculture.xml:7077
 msgid ""
 "Some of these changes come from the law: some in light of changes in "
 "technology, and some in light of changes in technology given a particular "
@@ -10199,12 +10203,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7084
+#: freeculture.xml:7088
 msgid "We will end here:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7088
+#: freeculture.xml:7092
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/1442.svg\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
@@ -10212,37 +10216,37 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 144 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7091
+#: freeculture.xml:7095
 msgid "Let me explain how."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7096
+#: freeculture.xml:7100
 msgid "Law: Duration"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7099 freeculture.xml:7392
+#: freeculture.xml:7103 freeculture.xml:7396
 msgid "Copyright Act (1790)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7100
+#: freeculture.xml:7104
 msgid "common law protections of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7101
+#: freeculture.xml:7105
 msgid "balance of U.S. content in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7117
+#: freeculture.xml:7121
 msgid "Crosskey, William W."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7111
+#: freeculture.xml:7115
 msgid ""
 "William W. Crosskey, <citetitle>Politics and the Constitution in the History "
 "of the United States</citetitle> (London: Cambridge University Press, 1953), "
@@ -10253,7 +10257,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7103
+#: freeculture.xml:7107
 msgid ""
 "When the first Congress enacted laws to protect creative property, it faced "
 "the same uncertainty about the status of creative property that the English "
@@ -10269,12 +10273,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7127
+#: freeculture.xml:7131
 msgid "federal vs. state"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7129
+#: freeculture.xml:7133
 msgid ""
 "That uncertainty ended after Congress passed legislation granting "
 "copyrights. Because federal law overrides any contrary state law, federal "
@@ -10285,7 +10289,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7138
+#: freeculture.xml:7142
 msgid ""
 "In 1790, Congress enacted the first copyright law. It created a federal "
 "copyright and secured that copyright for fourteen years. If the author was "
@@ -10296,7 +10300,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7154
+#: freeculture.xml:7158
 msgid ""
 "Although 13,000 titles were published in the United States from 1790 to "
 "1799, only 556 copyright registrations were filed; John Tebbel, <citetitle>A "
@@ -10315,7 +10319,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7146
+#: freeculture.xml:7150
 msgid ""
 "While there were many works created in the United States in the first ten "
 "years of the Republic, only 5 percent of the works were actually registered "
@@ -10328,7 +10332,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 145 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7172
+#: freeculture.xml:7176
 msgid ""
 "This system of renewal was a crucial part of the American system of "
 "copyright. It assured that the maximum terms of copyright would be granted "
@@ -10339,7 +10343,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7187
+#: freeculture.xml:7191
 msgid ""
 "Few copyright holders ever chose to renew their copyrights. For instance, of "
 "the 25,006 copyrights registered in 1883, only 894 were renewed in 1910. For "
@@ -10353,7 +10357,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7181
+#: freeculture.xml:7185
 msgid ""
 "Fourteen years may not seem long to us, but for the vast majority of "
 "copyright owners at that time, it was long enough: Only a small minority of "
@@ -10364,12 +10368,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7205
+#: freeculture.xml:7209
 msgid "See Ringer, ch. 9, n. 2."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7201
+#: freeculture.xml:7205
 msgid ""
 "Even today, this structure would make sense. Most creative work has an "
 "actual commercial life of just a couple of years. Most books fall out of "
@@ -10382,17 +10386,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7213 freeculture.xml:11140
+#: freeculture.xml:7217 freeculture.xml:11144
 msgid "copyright terms extended by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7214 freeculture.xml:11142
+#: freeculture.xml:7218 freeculture.xml:11146
 msgid "term extensions in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7216
+#: freeculture.xml:7220
 msgid ""
 "In the first hundred years of the Republic, the term of copyright was "
 "changed once. In 1831, the term was increased from a maximum of 28 years to "
@@ -10403,22 +10407,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7223
+#: freeculture.xml:7227
 msgid "CTEA"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7223 freeculture.xml:7224 freeculture.xml:7259 freeculture.xml:11166 freeculture.xml:15461
+#: freeculture.xml:7227 freeculture.xml:7228 freeculture.xml:7263 freeculture.xml:11170 freeculture.xml:15465
 msgid "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) (1998)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7225 freeculture.xml:11146
+#: freeculture.xml:7229 freeculture.xml:11150
 msgid "future patents vs. future copyrights in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7227
+#: freeculture.xml:7231
 msgid ""
 "Then, beginning in 1962, Congress started a practice that has defined "
 "copyright law since. Eleven times in the last forty years, Congress has "
@@ -10431,13 +10435,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7236 freeculture.xml:11145
+#: freeculture.xml:7240 freeculture.xml:11149
 msgid "in public domain"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 146 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7238
+#: freeculture.xml:7242
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions is simply to toll, or delay, the passing of "
 "works into the public domain. This latest extension means that the public "
@@ -10449,7 +10453,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7250
+#: freeculture.xml:7254
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions has been exacerbated by another, "
 "little-noticed change in the copyright law. Remember I said that the framers "
@@ -10461,22 +10465,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7260
+#: freeculture.xml:7264
 msgid "of natural authors vs. corporations"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7261 freeculture.xml:13395
+#: freeculture.xml:7265 freeculture.xml:13399
 msgid "corporations"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7261
+#: freeculture.xml:7265
 msgid "copyright terms for"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7263
+#: freeculture.xml:7267
 msgid ""
 "The United States abandoned this sensible system in 1976. For all works "
 "created after 1978, there was only one copyright term&mdash;the maximum "
@@ -10488,7 +10492,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7273
+#: freeculture.xml:7277
 msgid ""
 "This change meant that American law no longer had an automatic way to assure "
 "that works that were no longer exploited passed into the public domain. And "
@@ -10500,7 +10504,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7292
+#: freeculture.xml:7296
 msgid ""
 "These statistics are understated. Between the years 1910 and 1962 (the first "
 "year the renewal term was extended), the average term was never more than "
@@ -10509,7 +10513,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7284
+#: freeculture.xml:7288
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these changes on the average duration of copyright is "
 "dramatic. In 1973, more than 85 percent of copyright owners failed to renew "
@@ -10521,17 +10525,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7306
+#: freeculture.xml:7310
 msgid "Law: Scope"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7307 freeculture.xml:7526
+#: freeculture.xml:7311 freeculture.xml:7530
 msgid "scope of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7309
+#: freeculture.xml:7313
 msgid ""
 "The <quote>scope</quote> of a copyright is the range of rights granted by "
 "the law.  The scope of American copyright has changed dramatically. Those "
@@ -10540,12 +10544,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7315
+#: freeculture.xml:7319
 msgid "historical shift in copyright coverage of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7317
+#: freeculture.xml:7321
 msgid ""
 "In 1790, that scope was very narrow. Copyright covered only <quote>maps, "
 "charts, and books.</quote> That means it didn't cover, for example, music or "
@@ -10561,7 +10565,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7330
+#: freeculture.xml:7334
 msgid ""
 "This, too, has changed dramatically. While the contours of copyright today "
 "are extremely hard to describe simply, in general terms, the right covers "
@@ -10578,23 +10582,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7344
+#: freeculture.xml:7348
 msgid "marking of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7345
+#: freeculture.xml:7349
 msgid "formalities"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7346
+#: freeculture.xml:7350
 msgid "registration requirement of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 148 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7348
+#: freeculture.xml:7352
 msgid ""
 "At the same time that the scope of copyright has expanded, procedural "
 "limitations on the right have been relaxed. I've already described the "
@@ -10609,7 +10613,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7363
+#: freeculture.xml:7367
 msgid ""
 "The reason for the registration requirement was the sensible understanding "
 "that for most works, no copyright was required. Again, in the first ten "
@@ -10625,12 +10629,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7376
+#: freeculture.xml:7380
 msgid "European"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7378
+#: freeculture.xml:7382
 msgid ""
 "All of these <quote>formalities</quote> were abolished in the American "
 "system when we decided to follow European copyright law. There is no "
@@ -10641,13 +10645,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7389
+#: freeculture.xml:7393
 msgid "Consider a practical example to understand the scope of these differences."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7401
+#: freeculture.xml:7405
 msgid ""
 "See Thomas Bender and David Sampliner, <quote>Poets, Pirates, and the "
 "Creation of American Literature,</quote> 29 <citetitle>New York University "
@@ -10657,7 +10661,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7394
+#: freeculture.xml:7398
 msgid ""
 "If, in 1790, you wrote a book and you were one of the 5 percent who actually "
 "copyrighted that book, then the copyright law protected you against another "
@@ -10671,7 +10675,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 149 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7416
+#: freeculture.xml:7420
 msgid ""
 "The act left other creators totally unregulated. If I copied your poem by "
 "hand, over and over again, as a way to learn it by heart, my act was totally "
@@ -10682,7 +10686,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7426
+#: freeculture.xml:7430
 msgid ""
 "Today the story is very different: If you write a book, your book is "
 "automatically protected. Indeed, not just your book. Every e-mail, every "
@@ -10693,7 +10697,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7435
+#: freeculture.xml:7439
 msgid ""
 "That protection gives you the right (subject to a narrow range of fair use "
 "exceptions) to control how others copy the work, whether they copy it to "
@@ -10701,7 +10705,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7440
+#: freeculture.xml:7444
 msgid ""
 "That much is the obvious part. Any system of copyright would control "
 "competing publishing. But there's a second part to the copyright of today "
@@ -10716,7 +10720,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7455
+#: freeculture.xml:7459
 msgid ""
 "It is this derivative right that would seem most bizarre to our framers, "
 "though it has become second nature to us. Initially, this expansion was "
@@ -10728,7 +10732,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7477
+#: freeculture.xml:7481
 msgid ""
 "Jonathan Zittrain, <quote>The Copyright Cage,</quote> <citetitle>Legal "
 "Affairs</citetitle>, July/August 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -10737,7 +10741,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7467
+#: freeculture.xml:7471
 msgid ""
 "In preventing that joke, the law created an astonishing power within a free "
 "culture&mdash;at least, it's astonishing when you understand that the law "
@@ -10752,12 +10756,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7499
+#: freeculture.xml:7503
 msgid "Rubenfeld, Jeb"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7492
+#: freeculture.xml:7496
 msgid ""
 "Professor Rubenfeld has presented a powerful constitutional argument about "
 "the difference that copyright law should draw (from the perspective of the "
@@ -10769,7 +10773,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7487
+#: freeculture.xml:7491
 msgid ""
 "Yet copyright law treats these two different wrongs in the same way. I can "
 "go to court and get an injunction against your pirating my book. I can go to "
@@ -10779,7 +10783,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7507
+#: freeculture.xml:7511
 msgid ""
 "This again may seem right to you. If I wrote a book, then why should you be "
 "able to write a movie that takes my story and makes money from it without "
@@ -10789,7 +10793,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7515
+#: freeculture.xml:7519
 msgid ""
 "These are good arguments, and, in general, my point is not that the "
 "derivative right is unjustified. My aim just now is much narrower: simply to "
@@ -10798,18 +10802,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7524
+#: freeculture.xml:7528
 msgid "Law and Architecture: Reach"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7525 freeculture.xml:7587 freeculture.xml:7799
+#: freeculture.xml:7529 freeculture.xml:7591 freeculture.xml:7803
 msgid "copies as core issue of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7533
+#: freeculture.xml:7537
 msgid ""
 "This is a simplification of the law, but not much of one. The law certainly "
 "regulates more than <quote>copies</quote>&mdash;a public performance of a "
@@ -10823,7 +10827,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7528
+#: freeculture.xml:7532
 msgid ""
 "Whereas originally the law regulated only publishers, the change in "
 "copyright's scope means that the law today regulates publishers, users, and "
@@ -10833,13 +10837,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7544
+#: freeculture.xml:7548
 msgid "other property rights vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 151 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7547
+#: freeculture.xml:7551
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Copies.</quote> That certainly sounds like the obvious thing for "
 "<emphasis>copy</emphasis>right law to regulate. But as with Jack Valenti's "
@@ -10855,7 +10859,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7566
+#: freeculture.xml:7570
 msgid ""
 "Thus, my argument is not that in each place that copyright law extends, we "
 "should repeal it. It is instead that we should have a good argument for its "
@@ -10864,7 +10868,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7561
+#: freeculture.xml:7565
 msgid ""
 "This is perhaps the central claim of this book, so let me take this very "
 "slowly so that the point is not easily missed. My claim is that the Internet "
@@ -10876,37 +10880,37 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7579
+#: freeculture.xml:7583
 msgid ""
 "We can see this point abstractly by beginning with this largely empty "
 "circle."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7584
+#: freeculture.xml:7588
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/1521.svg\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"40%\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7586
+#: freeculture.xml:7590
 msgid "three types of uses of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7588
+#: freeculture.xml:7592
 msgid "copyright applicability altered by technology of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7589
+#: freeculture.xml:7593
 msgid "copyright intent altered by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 152 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7594
+#: freeculture.xml:7598
 msgid ""
 "Think about a book in real space, and imagine this circle to represent all "
 "its potential <emphasis>uses</emphasis>. Most of these uses are unregulated "
@@ -10921,14 +10925,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7608
+#: freeculture.xml:7612
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/1531.png\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"40%\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7611
+#: freeculture.xml:7615
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, some uses of a copyrighted book are regulated by "
 "copyright law. Republishing the book, for example, makes a copy. It is "
@@ -10939,21 +10943,21 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7622
+#: freeculture.xml:7626
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/1541.svg\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"40%\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7627
+#: freeculture.xml:7631
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there is a tiny sliver of otherwise regulated copying uses that "
 "remain unregulated because the law considers these <quote>fair uses.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7634
+#: freeculture.xml:7638
 msgid ""
 "These are uses that themselves involve copying, but which the law treats as "
 "unregulated because public policy demands that they remain unregulated.  You "
@@ -10966,7 +10970,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7645
+#: freeculture.xml:7649
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/1542.svg\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"40%\"></graphic>"
@@ -10974,7 +10978,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 154 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7650
+#: freeculture.xml:7654
 msgid ""
 "In real space, then, the possible uses of a book are divided into three "
 "sorts: (1) unregulated uses, (2) regulated uses, and (3) regulated uses that "
@@ -10983,18 +10987,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7655 freeculture.xml:7943 freeculture.xml:10213
+#: freeculture.xml:7659 freeculture.xml:7947 freeculture.xml:10217
 msgid "on Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7657 freeculture.xml:7738
+#: freeculture.xml:7661 freeculture.xml:7742
 msgid "Internet burdens on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7662
+#: freeculture.xml:7666
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean <quote>nature</quote> in the sense that it couldn't be "
 "different, but rather that its present instantiation entails a copy. Optical "
@@ -11004,7 +11008,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7659
+#: freeculture.xml:7663
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet&mdash;a distributed, digital network where every use of a "
 "copyrighted work produces a copy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
@@ -11021,7 +11025,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 155 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7682
+#: freeculture.xml:7686
 msgid ""
 "So let's be very specific to make this general point clear. Before the "
 "Internet, if you purchased a book and read it ten times, there would be no "
@@ -11034,17 +11038,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7693
+#: freeculture.xml:7697
 msgid "e-books"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7694
+#: freeculture.xml:7698
 msgid "technological developments and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7696
+#: freeculture.xml:7700
 msgid ""
 "But the same book as an e-book is effectively governed by a different set of "
 "rules. Now if the copyright owner says you may read the book only once or "
@@ -11058,14 +11062,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7709
+#: freeculture.xml:7713
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/1551.svg\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"40%\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7712
+#: freeculture.xml:7716
 msgid ""
 "There are some people who think this makes perfect sense. My aim just now is "
 "not to argue about whether it makes sense or not. My aim is only to make "
@@ -11074,7 +11078,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7718
+#: freeculture.xml:7722
 msgid ""
 "First, making category 1 disappear is not anything any policy maker ever "
 "intended. Congress did not think through the collapse of the presumptively "
@@ -11085,7 +11089,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7727
+#: freeculture.xml:7731
 msgid ""
 "Second, this shift is especially troubling in the context of transformative "
 "uses of creative content. Again, we can all understand the wrong in "
@@ -11099,13 +11103,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7740
+#: freeculture.xml:7744
 msgid "fair use vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 156 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7742
+#: freeculture.xml:7746
 msgid ""
 "Third, this shift from category 1 to category 2 puts an extraordinary burden "
 "on category 3 (<quote>fair use</quote>) that fair use never before had to "
@@ -11119,7 +11123,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7761
+#: freeculture.xml:7765
 msgid ""
 "This point about fair use is totally ignored, even by advocates for free "
 "culture. We have been cornered into arguing that our rights depend upon fair "
@@ -11131,17 +11135,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7777
+#: freeculture.xml:7781
 msgid "Video Pipeline"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7779
+#: freeculture.xml:7783
 msgid "trailer advertisements of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7781
+#: freeculture.xml:7785
 msgid ""
 "The case of Video Pipeline is a good example. Video Pipeline was in the "
 "business of making <quote>trailer</quote> advertisements for movies "
@@ -11151,12 +11155,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7787 freeculture.xml:7862 freeculture.xml:14103
+#: freeculture.xml:7791 freeculture.xml:7866 freeculture.xml:14107
 msgid "browsing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7789
+#: freeculture.xml:7793
 msgid ""
 "The company did this for about fifteen years. Then, in 1997, it began to "
 "think about the Internet as another way to distribute these previews.  The "
@@ -11169,7 +11173,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 157 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7802
+#: freeculture.xml:7806
 msgid ""
 "In 1998, Video Pipeline informed Disney and other film distributors that it "
 "intended to distribute the trailers through the Internet (rather than "
@@ -11185,17 +11189,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7819
+#: freeculture.xml:7823
 msgid "willful infringement findings in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7820
+#: freeculture.xml:7824
 msgid "willful infringement"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7822
+#: freeculture.xml:7826
 msgid ""
 "Disney countersued&mdash;for $100 million in damages. Those damages were "
 "predicated upon a claim that Video Pipeline had <quote>willfully "
@@ -11208,7 +11212,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7832
+#: freeculture.xml:7836
 msgid ""
 "Disney has the right to control its property, of course. But the video "
 "stores that were selling Disney's films also had some sort of right to be "
@@ -11220,12 +11224,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7840
+#: freeculture.xml:7844
 msgid "first-sale doctrine"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7842
+#: freeculture.xml:7846
 msgid ""
 "Now, you might think this is a close case, and I think the courts would "
 "consider it a close case. My point here is to map the change that gives "
@@ -11241,13 +11245,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7861
+#: freeculture.xml:7865
 msgid "Barnes &amp; Noble"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 158 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7866
+#: freeculture.xml:7870
 msgid ""
 "No doubt, a potential is not yet an abuse, and so the potential for control "
 "is not yet the abuse of control. Barnes &amp; Noble has the right to say you "
@@ -11264,7 +11268,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7881
+#: freeculture.xml:7885
 msgid ""
 "Again, my aim so far is simply to map the changes that this changed "
 "architecture enables. Enabling technology to enforce the control of "
@@ -11275,12 +11279,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7890
+#: freeculture.xml:7894
 msgid "Architecture and Law: Force"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7892
+#: freeculture.xml:7896
 msgid ""
 "The disappearance of unregulated uses would be change enough, but a second "
 "important change brought about by the Internet magnifies its "
@@ -11289,17 +11293,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7897
+#: freeculture.xml:7901
 msgid "technology as automatic enforcer of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7898
+#: freeculture.xml:7902
 msgid "copyright enforcement controlled by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7900
+#: freeculture.xml:7904
 msgid ""
 "In the world before digital technology, it was generally the law that "
 "controlled whether and how someone was regulated by copyright law.  The law, "
@@ -11309,18 +11313,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7907
+#: freeculture.xml:7911
 msgid "Casablanca"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7908 freeculture.xml:8080
+#: freeculture.xml:7912 freeculture.xml:8084
 msgid "Marx Brothers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7919
+#: freeculture.xml:7923
 msgid ""
 "See David Lange, <quote>Recognizing the Public Domain,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): "
@@ -11328,7 +11332,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7911
+#: freeculture.xml:7915
 msgid ""
 "There's a famous story about a battle between the Marx Brothers and Warner "
 "Brothers. The Marxes intended to make a parody of "
@@ -11339,14 +11343,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7928
+#: freeculture.xml:7932
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Ibid. See also Vaidhyanathan, "
 "<citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</citetitle>, 1&ndash;3."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7924
+#: freeculture.xml:7928
 msgid ""
 "This led the Marx Brothers to respond in kind. They warned Warner Brothers "
 "that the Marx Brothers <quote>were brothers long before you "
@@ -11358,7 +11362,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7938
+#: freeculture.xml:7942
 msgid ""
 "An absurd and hollow threat, of course, because Warner Brothers, like the "
 "Marx Brothers, knew that no court would ever enforce such a silly "
@@ -11367,7 +11371,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7945
+#: freeculture.xml:7949
 msgid ""
 "On the Internet, however, there is no check on silly rules, because on the "
 "Internet, increasingly, rules are enforced not by a human but by a machine: "
@@ -11379,17 +11383,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7957
+#: freeculture.xml:7961
 msgid "Adobe eBook Reader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7959
+#: freeculture.xml:7963
 msgid "Consider the life of my Adobe eBook Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7962
+#: freeculture.xml:7966
 msgid ""
 "An e-book is a book delivered in electronic form. An Adobe eBook is not a "
 "book that Adobe has published; Adobe simply produces the software that "
@@ -11398,14 +11402,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7970
+#: freeculture.xml:7974
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/example-adobe-ebook-reader.png\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7973
+#: freeculture.xml:7977
 msgid ""
 "In figure <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
 "linkend=\"fig-example-adobe-ebook-reader\"/> is a picture of an old version "
@@ -11414,7 +11418,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 160 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7978
+#: freeculture.xml:7982
 msgid ""
 "As you can see, I have a small collection of e-books within this e-book "
 "library. Some of these books reproduce content that is in the public domain: "
@@ -11427,14 +11431,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7991
+#: freeculture.xml:7995
 msgid ""
 "If you click on the Permissions button, you'll see a list of the permissions "
 "that the publisher purports to grant with this book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7996
+#: freeculture.xml:8000
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/1612.png\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
@@ -11442,7 +11446,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 161 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8000
+#: freeculture.xml:8004
 msgid ""
 "According to my eBook Reader, I have the permission to copy to the clipboard "
 "of the computer ten text selections every ten days. (So far, I've copied no "
@@ -11453,75 +11457,75 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8007
+#: freeculture.xml:8011
 msgid "Aristotle"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8008
+#: freeculture.xml:8012
 msgid "<citetitle>Politics</citetitle>, (Aristotle)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8010
+#: freeculture.xml:8014
 msgid ""
 "Here's the e-book for another work in the public domain (including the "
 "translation): Aristotle's <citetitle>Politics</citetitle>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8015
+#: freeculture.xml:8019
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/aristotele-ebook.png\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8018
+#: freeculture.xml:8022
 msgid ""
 "According to its permissions, no printing or copying is permitted at "
 "all. But fortunately, you can use the Read Aloud button to hear the book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8024
+#: freeculture.xml:8028
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/1622.png\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8026 freeculture.xml:9884
+#: freeculture.xml:8030 freeculture.xml:9888
 msgid "Future of Ideas, The (Lessig)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8027 freeculture.xml:9885 freeculture.xml:11204 freeculture.xml:11250 freeculture.xml:13551
+#: freeculture.xml:8031 freeculture.xml:9889 freeculture.xml:11208 freeculture.xml:11254 freeculture.xml:13555
 msgid "Lessig, Lawrence"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8029
+#: freeculture.xml:8033
 msgid ""
 "Finally (and most embarrassingly), here are the permissions for the original "
 "e-book version of my last book, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8036
+#: freeculture.xml:8040
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8039
+#: freeculture.xml:8043
 msgid "No copying, no printing, and don't you dare try to listen to this book!"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8049
+#: freeculture.xml:8053
 msgid ""
 "In principle, a contract might impose a requirement on me. I might, for "
 "example, buy a book from you that includes a contract that says I will read "
@@ -11532,7 +11536,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8042
+#: freeculture.xml:8046
 msgid ""
 "Now, the Adobe eBook Reader calls these controls "
 "<quote>permissions</quote>&mdash; as if the publisher has the power to "
@@ -11547,7 +11551,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8064
+#: freeculture.xml:8068
 msgid ""
 "The control comes instead from the code&mdash;from the technology within "
 "which the e-book <quote>lives.</quote> Though the e-book says that these are "
@@ -11567,7 +11571,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 163 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8084
+#: freeculture.xml:8088
 msgid ""
 "These are <emphasis>controls</emphasis>, not permissions. Imagine a world "
 "where the Marx Brothers sold word processing software that, when you tried "
@@ -11576,7 +11580,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8090
+#: freeculture.xml:8094
 msgid ""
 "This is the future of copyright law: not so much copyright "
 "<emphasis>law</emphasis> as copyright <emphasis>code</emphasis>. The "
@@ -11588,7 +11592,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8099
+#: freeculture.xml:8103
 msgid ""
 "How significant is this? Isn't it always possible to get around the controls "
 "built into the technology? Software used to be sold with technologies that "
@@ -11598,24 +11602,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8106
+#: freeculture.xml:8110
 msgid ""
 "We've only scratched the surface of this story. Return to the Adobe eBook "
 "Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8109
+#: freeculture.xml:8113
 msgid "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8110
+#: freeculture.xml:8114
 msgid "e-book restrictions on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8112
+#: freeculture.xml:8116
 msgid ""
 "Early in the life of the Adobe eBook Reader, Adobe suffered a public "
 "relations nightmare. Among the books that you could download for free on the "
@@ -11625,14 +11629,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8121
+#: freeculture.xml:8125
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8125
+#: freeculture.xml:8129
 msgid ""
 "Here was a public domain children's book that you were not allowed to copy, "
 "not allowed to lend, not allowed to give, and, as the "
@@ -11641,7 +11645,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8130
+#: freeculture.xml:8134
 msgid ""
 "The public relations nightmare attached to that final permission.  For the "
 "text did not say that you were not permitted to use the Read Aloud button; "
@@ -11652,7 +11656,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8138
+#: freeculture.xml:8142
 msgid ""
 "Adobe responded quickly that it was absurd to think that it was trying to "
 "restrict the right to read a book aloud. Obviously it was only restricting "
@@ -11667,7 +11671,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8153
+#: freeculture.xml:8157
 msgid ""
 "The point is not to blame Adobe. Indeed, Adobe is among the most innovative "
 "companies developing strategies to balance open access to content with "
@@ -11677,29 +11681,29 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8163
+#: freeculture.xml:8167
 msgid ""
 "To see the point in a particularly absurd context, consider a favorite story "
 "of mine that makes the same point."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8166 freeculture.xml:8310 freeculture.xml:8375 freeculture.xml:8487
+#: freeculture.xml:8170 freeculture.xml:8314 freeculture.xml:8379 freeculture.xml:8491
 msgid "Aibo robotic dog"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8167 freeculture.xml:8311 freeculture.xml:8376 freeculture.xml:8488
+#: freeculture.xml:8171 freeculture.xml:8315 freeculture.xml:8380 freeculture.xml:8492
 msgid "robotic dog"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8168 freeculture.xml:8312 freeculture.xml:8377 freeculture.xml:8489
+#: freeculture.xml:8172 freeculture.xml:8316 freeculture.xml:8381 freeculture.xml:8493
 msgid "Aibo robotic dog produced by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8170
+#: freeculture.xml:8174
 msgid ""
 "Consider the robotic dog made by Sony named <quote>Aibo.</quote> The Aibo "
 "learns tricks, cuddles, and follows you around. It eats only electricity and "
@@ -11708,7 +11712,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 165
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8175
+#: freeculture.xml:8179
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo is expensive and popular. Fans from around the world have set up "
 "clubs to trade stories. One fan in particular set up a Web site to enable "
@@ -11719,7 +11723,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8184
+#: freeculture.xml:8188
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Teach</quote> here has a special meaning. Aibos are just cute "
 "computers.  You teach a computer how to do something by programming it "
@@ -11730,12 +11734,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8191
+#: freeculture.xml:8195
 msgid "hacks"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8193
+#: freeculture.xml:8197
 msgid ""
 "If you're not a programmer or don't know many programmers, the word "
 "<citetitle>hack</citetitle> has a particularly unfriendly "
@@ -11751,7 +11755,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8207
+#: freeculture.xml:8211
 msgid ""
 "Some hacks are easy. Some are unbelievably hard. Hackers as a community like "
 "to challenge themselves and others with increasingly difficult "
@@ -11761,7 +11765,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8214
+#: freeculture.xml:8218
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo fan was displaying a bit of both when he hacked the program and "
 "offered to the world a bit of code that would enable the Aibo to dance "
@@ -11772,7 +11776,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 166 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8224
+#: freeculture.xml:8228
 msgid ""
 "I've told this story in many contexts, both inside and outside the United "
 "States. Once I was asked by a puzzled member of the audience, is it "
@@ -11787,12 +11791,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8239
+#: freeculture.xml:8243
 msgid "government case against"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8241
+#: freeculture.xml:8245
 msgid ""
 "Let's put the dog to sleep for a minute, and turn to a pony show&mdash; not "
 "literally a pony show, but rather a paper that a Princeton academic named Ed "
@@ -11806,12 +11810,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8264 freeculture.xml:10842
+#: freeculture.xml:8268 freeculture.xml:10846
 msgid "Electronic Frontier Foundation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8254
+#: freeculture.xml:8258
 msgid ""
 "See Pamela Samuelson, <quote>Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to "
 "Science,</quote> <citetitle>Science</citetitle> 293 (2001): 2028; Brendan "
@@ -11830,7 +11834,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8252
+#: freeculture.xml:8256
 msgid ""
 "But Felten's bravery was really tested in April 2001.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> He and a group of colleagues were working on a "
@@ -11840,7 +11844,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8272
+#: freeculture.xml:8276
 msgid ""
 "The SDMI coalition had as its goal a technology to enable content owners to "
 "exercise much better control over their content than the Internet, as it "
@@ -11852,7 +11856,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8282
+#: freeculture.xml:8286
 msgid ""
 "When SDMI thought it was close to a standard, it set up a competition.  In "
 "exchange for providing contestants with the code to an SDMI-encrypted bit of "
@@ -11862,7 +11866,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 167 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8289
+#: freeculture.xml:8293
 msgid ""
 "Felten and his team figured out the encryption system quickly. He and the "
 "team saw the weakness of this system as a type: Many encryption systems "
@@ -11871,7 +11875,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8295
+#: freeculture.xml:8299
 msgid ""
 "Let's review just what Felten was doing. Again, this is the United "
 "States. We have a principle of free speech. We have this principle not just "
@@ -11882,7 +11886,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8303
+#: freeculture.xml:8307
 msgid ""
 "What Felten and his colleagues were doing was publishing a paper describing "
 "the weakness in a technology. They were not spreading free music, or "
@@ -11892,7 +11896,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8314
+#: freeculture.xml:8318
 msgid ""
 "What links these two, aibopet.com and Felten, is the letters they then "
 "received. Aibopet.com received a letter from Sony about the aibopet.com "
@@ -11900,7 +11904,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8321
+#: freeculture.xml:8325
 msgid ""
 "Your site contains information providing the means to circumvent AIBO-ware's "
 "copy protection protocol constituting a violation of the anti-circumvention "
@@ -11908,7 +11912,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8330
+#: freeculture.xml:8334
 msgid ""
 "And though an academic paper describing the weakness in a system of "
 "encryption should also be perfectly legal, Felten received a letter from an "
@@ -11917,7 +11921,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 168 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8336
+#: freeculture.xml:8340
 msgid ""
 "Any disclosure of information gained from participating in the Public "
 "Challenge would be outside the scope of activities permitted by the "
@@ -11926,7 +11930,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8344
+#: freeculture.xml:8348
 msgid ""
 "In both cases, this weirdly Orwellian law was invoked to control the spread "
 "of information. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act made spreading such "
@@ -11934,7 +11938,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8349
+#: freeculture.xml:8353
 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was enacted as a response to copyright owners' first fear about "
 "cyberspace. The fear was that copyright control was effectively dead; the "
@@ -11947,7 +11951,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8360
+#: freeculture.xml:8364
 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was a bit of law intended to back up the protection of this code "
 "designed to protect copyrighted material. It was, we could say, "
@@ -11957,7 +11961,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8367
+#: freeculture.xml:8371
 msgid ""
 "But the DMCA was not designed merely to protect copyrighted works to the "
 "extent copyright law protected them. Its protection, that is, did not end at "
@@ -11969,7 +11973,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 169 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8379
+#: freeculture.xml:8383
 msgid ""
 "Aibopet.com and Felten make the point. The Aibo hack circumvented a "
 "copyright protection system for the purpose of enabling the dog to dance "
@@ -11983,7 +11987,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8391
+#: freeculture.xml:8395
 msgid ""
 "The threat against Felten was more attenuated, but it followed the same line "
 "of reasoning. By publishing a paper describing how a copyright protection "
@@ -11994,17 +11998,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8398 freeculture.xml:8433
+#: freeculture.xml:8402 freeculture.xml:8437
 msgid "Rogers, Fred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8409 freeculture.xml:8448 freeculture.xml:8476
+#: freeculture.xml:8413 freeculture.xml:8452 freeculture.xml:8480
 msgid "Conrad, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8401
+#: freeculture.xml:8405
 msgid ""
 "The bizarreness of these arguments is captured in a cartoon drawn in 1981 by "
 "Paul Conrad. At that time, a court in California had held that the VCR could "
@@ -12017,7 +12021,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8428
+#: freeculture.xml:8432
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <citetitle>Sony Corporation of "
 "America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>., "
@@ -12028,7 +12032,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8413
+#: freeculture.xml:8417
 msgid ""
 "Some public stations, as well as commercial stations, program the "
 "<quote>Neighborhood</quote> at hours when some children cannot use it. I "
@@ -12048,7 +12052,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 170 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8439
+#: freeculture.xml:8443
 msgid ""
 "Even though there were uses that were legal, because there were some uses "
 "that were illegal, the court held the companies producing the VCR "
@@ -12056,7 +12060,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8444
+#: freeculture.xml:8448
 msgid ""
 "This led Conrad to draw the cartoon in figure <xref "
 "xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1711-vcr-handgun-cartoonfig\"/>, "
@@ -12064,26 +12068,26 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8451
+#: freeculture.xml:8455
 msgid "No argument I have can top this picture, but let me try to get close."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8454
+#: freeculture.xml:8458
 msgid ""
 "&mdash; On which item have the courts ruled that manufacturers and retailers "
 "be held responsible for having supplied the equipment?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8457
+#: freeculture.xml:8461
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/vcr-comic.png\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"65%\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8460
+#: freeculture.xml:8464
 msgid ""
 "The anticircumvention provisions of the DMCA target copyright circumvention "
 "technologies. Circumvention technologies can be used for different "
@@ -12094,13 +12098,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8467
+#: freeculture.xml:8471
 msgid "handguns"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 171 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8469
+#: freeculture.xml:8473
 msgid ""
 "A handgun can be used to shoot a police officer or a child. Most would agree "
 "such a use is bad. Or a handgun can be used for target practice or to "
@@ -12109,7 +12113,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8478
+#: freeculture.xml:8482
 msgid ""
 "The obvious point of Conrad's cartoon is the weirdness of a world where guns "
 "are legal, despite the harm they can do, while VCRs (and circumvention "
@@ -12120,7 +12124,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8491
+#: freeculture.xml:8495
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo and RIAA examples demonstrate how copyright owners are changing the "
 "balance that copyright law grants. Using code, copyright owners restrict "
@@ -12131,7 +12135,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8499
+#: freeculture.xml:8503
 msgid ""
 "This is how <emphasis>code</emphasis> becomes <emphasis>law</emphasis>. The "
 "controls built into the technology of copy and access protection become "
@@ -12145,7 +12149,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8511
+#: freeculture.xml:8515
 msgid ""
 "There is one final aspect of the interaction between architecture and law "
 "that contributes to the force of copyright's regulation. This is the ease "
@@ -12160,7 +12164,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f24 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8530
+#: freeculture.xml:8534
 msgid ""
 "For an early and prescient analysis, see Rebecca Tushnet, <quote>Legal "
 "Fictions, Copyright, Fan Fiction, and a New Common Law,</quote> "
@@ -12169,7 +12173,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8524
+#: freeculture.xml:8528
 msgid ""
 "For example, imagine you were part of a <citetitle>Star Trek</citetitle> fan "
 "club. You gathered every month to share trivia, and maybe to enact a kind of "
@@ -12179,7 +12183,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8536
+#: freeculture.xml:8540
 msgid ""
 "Before the Internet, this was, in effect, a totally unregulated activity.  "
 "No matter what happened inside your club room, you would never be interfered "
@@ -12189,7 +12193,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8544
+#: freeculture.xml:8548
 msgid ""
 "But if you moved your club onto the Internet, and made it generally "
 "available for others to join, the story would be very different. Bots "
@@ -12202,7 +12206,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8554
+#: freeculture.xml:8558
 msgid ""
 "This change in the effective force of the law is caused by a change in the "
 "ease with which the law can be enforced. That change too shifts the law's "
@@ -12213,13 +12217,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8563
+#: freeculture.xml:8567
 msgid "Market: Concentration"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 173 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8565
+#: freeculture.xml:8569
 msgid ""
 "So copyright's duration has increased dramatically&mdash;tripled in the past "
 "thirty years. And copyright's scope has increased as well&mdash;from "
@@ -12237,7 +12241,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8583
+#: freeculture.xml:8587
 msgid ""
 "Still, in my view, all of these changes would not matter much if it weren't "
 "for one more change that we must also consider. This is a change that is in "
@@ -12247,7 +12251,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8590
+#: freeculture.xml:8594
 msgid ""
 "This is the change in the concentration and integration of the media.  In "
 "the past twenty years, the nature of media ownership has undergone a radical "
@@ -12260,38 +12264,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8601
+#: freeculture.xml:8605
 msgid "These changes are of two sorts: the scope of concentration, and its nature."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8605
+#: freeculture.xml:8609
 msgid "BMG"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8606 freeculture.xml:9994
+#: freeculture.xml:8610 freeculture.xml:9998
 msgid "EMI"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8607
+#: freeculture.xml:8611
 msgid "McCain, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8608 freeculture.xml:10001
+#: freeculture.xml:8612 freeculture.xml:10005
 msgid "Universal Music Group"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8609
+#: freeculture.xml:8613
 msgid "Warner Music Group"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f25 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8615
+#: freeculture.xml:8619
 msgid ""
 "FCC Oversight: Hearing Before the Senate Commerce, Science and "
 "Transportation Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (22 May 2003)  (statement "
@@ -12300,7 +12304,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f26 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8622
+#: freeculture.xml:8626
 msgid ""
 "Lynette Holloway, <quote>Despite a Marketing Blitz, CD Sales Continue to "
 "Slide,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 23 December 2002."
@@ -12308,14 +12312,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f27 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8628
+#: freeculture.xml:8632
 msgid ""
 "Molly Ivins, <quote>Media Consolidation Must Be Stopped,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Charleston Gazette</citetitle>, 31 May 2003."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8611
+#: freeculture.xml:8615
 msgid ""
 "Changes in scope are the easier ones to describe. As Senator John McCain "
 "summarized the data produced in the FCC's review of media ownership, "
@@ -12329,13 +12333,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8632
+#: freeculture.xml:8636
 msgid "ownership consolidation in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 174 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8634
+#: freeculture.xml:8638
 msgid ""
 "The story with radio is even more dramatic. Before deregulation, the "
 "nation's largest radio broadcasting conglomerate owned fewer than "
@@ -12348,7 +12352,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8646
+#: freeculture.xml:8650
 msgid ""
 "Newspaper ownership is becoming more concentrated as well.  Today, there are "
 "six hundred fewer daily newspapers in the United States than there were "
@@ -12362,12 +12366,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8656 freeculture.xml:8677
+#: freeculture.xml:8660 freeculture.xml:8681
 msgid "Fallows, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8658
+#: freeculture.xml:8662
 msgid ""
 "Concentration in size alone is one thing. The more invidious change is in "
 "the nature of that concentration. As author James Fallows put it in a recent "
@@ -12375,7 +12379,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8675
+#: freeculture.xml:8679
 msgid ""
 "James Fallows, <quote>The Age of Murdoch,</quote> <citetitle>Atlantic "
 "Monthly</citetitle> (September 2003): 89.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
@@ -12383,7 +12387,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8664
+#: freeculture.xml:8668
 msgid ""
 "Murdoch's companies now constitute a production system unmatched in its "
 "integration. They supply content&mdash;Fox movies &hellip; Fox TV shows "
@@ -12398,7 +12402,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8683
+#: freeculture.xml:8687
 msgid ""
 "The pattern with Murdoch is the pattern of modern media. Not just large "
 "companies owning many radio stations, but a few companies owning as many "
@@ -12407,7 +12411,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8690
+#: freeculture.xml:8694
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/pattern-modern-media-ownership.png\" "
 "align=\"center\" width=\"100%\"></graphic>"
@@ -12415,7 +12419,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 175 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8694
+#: freeculture.xml:8698
 msgid ""
 "Does this concentration matter? Will it affect what is made, or what is "
 "distributed? Or is it merely a more efficient way to produce and distribute "
@@ -12423,7 +12427,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8699
+#: freeculture.xml:8703
 msgid ""
 "My view was that concentration wouldn't matter. I thought it was nothing "
 "more than a more efficient financial structure. But now, after reading and "
@@ -12432,24 +12436,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8705
+#: freeculture.xml:8709
 msgid ""
 "Here's a representative story that begins to suggest how this integration "
 "may matter."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8708
+#: freeculture.xml:8712
 msgid "Lear, Norman"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8710 freeculture.xml:8773
+#: freeculture.xml:8714 freeculture.xml:8777
 msgid "All in the Family"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8712
+#: freeculture.xml:8716
 msgid ""
 "In 1969, Norman Lear created a pilot for <citetitle>All in the "
 "Family</citetitle>. He took the pilot to ABC. The network didn't like it. It "
@@ -12460,7 +12464,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f29 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8724
+#: freeculture.xml:8728
 msgid ""
 "Leonard Hill, <quote>The Axis of Access,</quote> remarks before Weidenbaum "
 "Center Forum, <quote>Entertainment Economics: The Movie Industry,</quote> "
@@ -12471,7 +12475,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8719
+#: freeculture.xml:8723
 msgid ""
 "Rather than comply, Lear simply took the show elsewhere. CBS was happy to "
 "have the series; ABC could not stop Lear from walking.  The copyrights that "
@@ -12481,7 +12485,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 176 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8735
+#: freeculture.xml:8739
 msgid ""
 "The network did not control those copyrights because the law forbade the "
 "networks from controlling the content they syndicated. The law required a "
@@ -12493,7 +12497,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f30 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8754
+#: freeculture.xml:8758
 msgid ""
 "NewsCorp./DirecTV Merger and Media Consolidation: Hearings on Media "
 "Ownership Before the Senate Commerce Committee, 108th Cong., 1st "
@@ -12505,7 +12509,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8744
+#: freeculture.xml:8748
 msgid ""
 "In 1994, the FCC abandoned the rules that required this independence.  After "
 "that change, the networks quickly changed the balance.  In 1985, there were "
@@ -12524,7 +12528,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8775
+#: freeculture.xml:8779
 msgid ""
 "Today, another Norman Lear with another <citetitle>All in the "
 "Family</citetitle> would find that he had the choice either to make the show "
@@ -12533,17 +12537,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8780
+#: freeculture.xml:8784
 msgid "Diller, Barry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8781
+#: freeculture.xml:8785
 msgid "Moyers, Bill"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8783
+#: freeculture.xml:8787
 msgid ""
 "While the number of channels has increased dramatically, the ownership of "
 "those channels has narrowed to an ever smaller and smaller few. As Barry "
@@ -12552,7 +12556,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f32 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8798
+#: freeculture.xml:8802
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,</quote> <citetitle>Now with "
 "Bill Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript "
@@ -12560,7 +12564,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8789
+#: freeculture.xml:8793
 msgid ""
 "Well, if you have companies that produce, that finance, that air on their "
 "channel and then distribute worldwide everything that goes through their "
@@ -12571,7 +12575,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8805
+#: freeculture.xml:8809
 msgid ""
 "This narrowing has an effect on what is produced. The product of such large "
 "and concentrated networks is increasingly homogenous.  Increasingly "
@@ -12585,13 +12589,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8816
+#: freeculture.xml:8820
 msgid "Clark, Kim B."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f33 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8825
+#: freeculture.xml:8829
 msgid ""
 "Clayton M. Christensen, <citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The "
 "Revolutionary National Bestseller that Changed the Way We Do "
@@ -12607,7 +12611,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8818
+#: freeculture.xml:8822
 msgid ""
 "Economics itself offers a parallel that explains why this integration "
 "affects creativity. Clay Christensen has written about the "
@@ -12622,7 +12626,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8842
+#: freeculture.xml:8846
 msgid ""
 "I don't think we know enough about the economics of the media market to say "
 "with certainty what concentration and integration will do. The efficiencies "
@@ -12630,14 +12634,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8848
+#: freeculture.xml:8852
 msgid ""
 "But there is a quintessentially obvious example that does strongly suggest "
 "the concern."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8852
+#: freeculture.xml:8856
 msgid ""
 "In addition to the copyright wars, we're in the middle of the drug "
 "wars. Government policy is strongly directed against the drug cartels; "
@@ -12646,7 +12650,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 178 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8857
+#: freeculture.xml:8861
 msgid ""
 "Let me hereby disqualify myself from any possible appointment to any "
 "position in government by saying I believe this war is a profound mistake. I "
@@ -12664,7 +12668,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8876
+#: freeculture.xml:8880
 msgid ""
 "You may not be convinced. That's fine. We live in a democracy, and it is "
 "through votes that we are to choose policy. But to do that, we depend "
@@ -12672,12 +12676,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8884
+#: freeculture.xml:8888
 msgid "Nick and Norm anti-drug campaign"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8886
+#: freeculture.xml:8890
 msgid ""
 "Beginning in 1998, the Office of National Drug Control Policy launched a "
 "media campaign as part of the <quote>war on drugs.</quote> The campaign "
@@ -12692,14 +12696,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8898
+#: freeculture.xml:8902
 msgid ""
 "Fair enough. It's a good ad. Not terribly misleading. It delivers its "
 "message well. It's a fair and reasonable message."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8902
+#: freeculture.xml:8906
 msgid ""
 "But let's say you think it is a wrong message, and you'd like to run a "
 "countercommercial. Say you want to run a series of ads that try to "
@@ -12709,7 +12713,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 179 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8908
+#: freeculture.xml:8912
 msgid ""
 "Well, obviously, these ads cost lots of money. Assume you raise the "
 "money. Assume a group of concerned citizens donates all the money in the "
@@ -12718,42 +12722,42 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8916
+#: freeculture.xml:8920
 msgid "on television advertising bans"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8917
+#: freeculture.xml:8921
 msgid "controversy avoided by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8930
+#: freeculture.xml:8934
 msgid "Comcast"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8931
+#: freeculture.xml:8935
 msgid "Marijuana Policy Project"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8932
+#: freeculture.xml:8936
 msgid "NBC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8933
+#: freeculture.xml:8937
 msgid "WJOA"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8934
+#: freeculture.xml:8938
 msgid "WRC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8929
+#: freeculture.xml:8933
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder "
@@ -12787,7 +12791,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8919
+#: freeculture.xml:8923
 msgid ""
 "No. You cannot. Television stations have a general policy of avoiding "
 "<quote>controversial</quote> ads. Ads sponsored by the government are deemed "
@@ -12801,7 +12805,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8968
+#: freeculture.xml:8972
 msgid ""
 "I'd be happy to defend the networks' rights, as well&mdash;if we lived in a "
 "media market that was truly diverse. But concentration in the media throws "
@@ -12814,12 +12818,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8981
+#: freeculture.xml:8985
 msgid "Together"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8983
+#: freeculture.xml:8987
 msgid ""
 "There is something innocent and obvious about the claim of the copyright "
 "warriors that the government should <quote>protect my property.</quote> In "
@@ -12829,7 +12833,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 180 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8989
+#: freeculture.xml:8993
 msgid ""
 "But when we see how dramatically this <quote>property</quote> has "
 "changed&mdash; when we recognize how it might now interact with both "
@@ -12844,7 +12848,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9005
+#: freeculture.xml:9009
 msgid ""
 "Not starkly. Or absolutely. My point is not that we should abolish copyright "
 "or go back to the eighteenth century. That would be a total mistake, "
@@ -12853,7 +12857,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9011
+#: freeculture.xml:9015
 msgid ""
 "But there is a space between zero and one, Internet culture "
 "notwithstanding.  And these massive shifts in the effective power of "
@@ -12867,7 +12871,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9023
+#: freeculture.xml:9027
 msgid ""
 "Copyright law has not been a rock of Gibraltar. It's not a set of constant "
 "commitments that, for some mysterious reason, teenagers and geeks now "
@@ -12882,7 +12886,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 181 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9035
+#: freeculture.xml:9039
 msgid ""
 "For the single point that is lost in this war on pirates is a point that we "
 "see only after surveying the range of these changes. When you add together "
@@ -12893,7 +12897,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9059
+#: freeculture.xml:9063
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Siva Vaidhyanathan captures a "
 "similar point in his <quote>four surrenders</quote> of copyright law in the "
@@ -12901,7 +12905,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9044
+#: freeculture.xml:9048
 msgid ""
 "Not when copyrights were perpetual, for when copyrights were perpetual, they "
 "affected only that precise creative work. Not when only publishers had the "
@@ -12919,14 +12923,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9065
+#: freeculture.xml:9069
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>This has been</emphasis> a long chapter. Its point "
 "can now be briefly stated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9069
+#: freeculture.xml:9073
 msgid ""
 "At the start of this book, I distinguished between commercial and "
 "noncommercial culture. In the course of this chapter, I have distinguished "
@@ -12936,38 +12940,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9081 freeculture.xml:9118
+#: freeculture.xml:9085 freeculture.xml:9122
 msgid "PUBLISH"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9082 freeculture.xml:9119 freeculture.xml:9157 freeculture.xml:9189
+#: freeculture.xml:9086 freeculture.xml:9123 freeculture.xml:9161 freeculture.xml:9193
 msgid "TRANSFORM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9087 freeculture.xml:9124 freeculture.xml:9162 freeculture.xml:9194
+#: freeculture.xml:9091 freeculture.xml:9128 freeculture.xml:9166 freeculture.xml:9198
 msgid "Commercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9088 freeculture.xml:9125 freeculture.xml:9126 freeculture.xml:9163 freeculture.xml:9164 freeculture.xml:9195 freeculture.xml:9196 freeculture.xml:9200 freeculture.xml:9201
+#: freeculture.xml:9092 freeculture.xml:9129 freeculture.xml:9130 freeculture.xml:9167 freeculture.xml:9168 freeculture.xml:9199 freeculture.xml:9200 freeculture.xml:9204 freeculture.xml:9205
 msgid "&copy;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9089 freeculture.xml:9093 freeculture.xml:9094 freeculture.xml:9130 freeculture.xml:9131 freeculture.xml:9169
+#: freeculture.xml:9093 freeculture.xml:9097 freeculture.xml:9098 freeculture.xml:9134 freeculture.xml:9135 freeculture.xml:9173
 msgid "Free"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9092 freeculture.xml:9129 freeculture.xml:9167 freeculture.xml:9199
+#: freeculture.xml:9096 freeculture.xml:9133 freeculture.xml:9171 freeculture.xml:9203
 msgid "Noncommercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 182 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9101
+#: freeculture.xml:9105
 msgid ""
 "The act of publishing a map, chart, and book was regulated by copyright "
 "law. Nothing else was. Transformations were free. And as copyright attached "
@@ -12977,12 +12981,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9110
+#: freeculture.xml:9114
 msgid "By the end of the nineteenth century, the law had changed to this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9138
+#: freeculture.xml:9142
 msgid ""
 "Derivative works were now regulated by copyright law&mdash;if published, "
 "which again, given the economics of publishing at the time, means if offered "
@@ -12991,7 +12995,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9144
+#: freeculture.xml:9148
 msgid ""
 "In 1909 the law changed to regulate copies, not publishing, and after this "
 "change, the scope of the law was tied to technology. As the technology of "
@@ -13001,17 +13005,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9156 freeculture.xml:9188
+#: freeculture.xml:9160 freeculture.xml:9192
 msgid "COPY"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:9168
+#: freeculture.xml:9172
 msgid "&copy; / Free"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9176
+#: freeculture.xml:9180
 msgid ""
 "The law was interpreted to reach noncommercial copying through, say, copy "
 "machines, but still much of copying outside of the commercial market "
@@ -13022,7 +13026,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 183 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9208
+#: freeculture.xml:9212
 msgid ""
 "Every realm is governed by copyright law, whereas before most creativity was "
 "not. The law now regulates the full range of creativity&mdash; commercial or "
@@ -13031,7 +13035,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9216
+#: freeculture.xml:9220
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, copyright law is not the enemy. The enemy is regulation that does "
 "no good. So the question that we should be asking just now is whether "
@@ -13040,7 +13044,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9222
+#: freeculture.xml:9226
 msgid ""
 "I have no doubt that it does good in regulating commercial copying.  But I "
 "also have no doubt that it does more harm than good when regulating (as it "
@@ -13054,12 +13058,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9240
+#: freeculture.xml:9244
 msgid "legal realist movement"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9240
+#: freeculture.xml:9244
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> It was the single most important "
 "contribution of the legal realist movement to demonstrate that all property "
@@ -13070,7 +13074,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9234
+#: freeculture.xml:9238
 msgid ""
 "The issue is therefore not simply whether copyright is property. Of course "
 "copyright is a kind of <quote>property,</quote> and of course, as with any "
@@ -13088,7 +13092,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 184 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9259
+#: freeculture.xml:9263
 msgid ""
 "We achieved that free culture because our law respected important limits on "
 "the scope of the interests protected by <quote>property.</quote> The very "
@@ -13112,7 +13116,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9282
+#: freeculture.xml:9286
 msgid ""
 "Free culture is increasingly the casualty in this war on piracy. In response "
 "to a real, if not yet quantified, threat that the technologies of the "
@@ -13127,33 +13131,33 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9299
+#: freeculture.xml:9303
 msgid "Puzzles"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9303
+#: freeculture.xml:9307
 msgid "Chapter Eleven: Chimera"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9304
+#: freeculture.xml:9308
 msgid "chimeras"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9305
+#: freeculture.xml:9309
 msgid "Wells, H. G."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9306
+#: freeculture.xml:9310
 msgid "<quote>Country of the Blind, The</quote> (Wells)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9314
+#: freeculture.xml:9318
 msgid ""
 "H. G. Wells, <quote>The Country of the Blind</quote> (1904, 1911). See "
 "H. G. Wells, <citetitle>The Country of the Blind and Other "
@@ -13162,7 +13166,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9309
+#: freeculture.xml:9313
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In a well-known</emphasis> short story by "
 "H. G. Wells, a mountain climber named Nunez trips (literally, down an ice "
@@ -13177,7 +13181,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9326
+#: freeculture.xml:9330
 msgid ""
 "Things don't go quite as he planned. He tries to explain the idea of sight "
 "to the villagers. They don't understand. He tells them they are "
@@ -13192,7 +13196,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 187 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9338
+#: freeculture.xml:9342
 msgid ""
 "The villagers don't leave him alone. Nor do they see (so to speak) the "
 "virtue of his special power. Not even the ultimate target of his affection, "
@@ -13206,7 +13210,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9349
+#: freeculture.xml:9353
 msgid ""
 "When Nunez announces his desire to marry his <quote>mysteriously "
 "delighted</quote> love, the father and the village object. <quote>You see, "
@@ -13216,14 +13220,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9355
+#: freeculture.xml:9359
 msgid ""
 "After a careful examination, the doctor gives his opinion. <quote>His brain "
 "is affected,</quote> he reports."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9359
+#: freeculture.xml:9363
 msgid ""
 "<quote>What affects it?</quote> the father asks.  <quote>Those queer things "
 "that are called the eyes &hellip; are diseased &hellip; in such a way as to "
@@ -13231,7 +13235,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9364
+#: freeculture.xml:9368
 msgid ""
 "The doctor continues: <quote>I think I may say with reasonable certainty "
 "that in order to cure him completely, all that we need to do is a simple and "
@@ -13240,7 +13244,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9370
+#: freeculture.xml:9374
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Thank Heaven for science!</quote> says the father to the doctor. They "
 "inform Nunez of this condition necessary for him to be allowed his bride.  "
@@ -13250,7 +13254,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 188 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9376
+#: freeculture.xml:9380
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It sometimes</emphasis> happens that the eggs of "
 "twins fuse in the mother's womb. That fusion produces a "
@@ -13262,7 +13266,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9390
+#: freeculture.xml:9394
 msgid ""
 "Before I had read about chimeras, I would have said they were impossible.  A "
 "single person can't have two sets of DNA. The very idea of DNA is that it is "
@@ -13273,7 +13277,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9398
+#: freeculture.xml:9402
 msgid ""
 "The more I work to understand the current struggle over copyright and "
 "culture, which I've sometimes called unfairly, and sometimes not unfairly "
@@ -13290,7 +13294,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9412
+#: freeculture.xml:9416
 msgid ""
 "But the description is also false in part. For when my p2p server is on a "
 "p2p network through which anyone can get access to my music, then sure, my "
@@ -13303,7 +13307,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9421
+#: freeculture.xml:9425
 msgid ""
 "Likewise, when the other side says, <quote>File sharing is just like walking "
 "into a Tower Records and taking a CD off the shelf and walking out with "
@@ -13315,7 +13319,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 189 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9432
+#: freeculture.xml:9436
 msgid ""
 "But it is not quite stealing from Tower. After all, when I take a CD from "
 "Tower Records, Tower has one less CD to sell. And when I take a CD from "
@@ -13327,7 +13331,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9442
+#: freeculture.xml:9446
 msgid ""
 "The point is not that it is as neither side describes. The point is that it "
 "is both&mdash;both as the RIAA describes it and as Kazaa describes it. It is "
@@ -13337,22 +13341,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9458 freeculture.xml:9745 freeculture.xml:10843
+#: freeculture.xml:9462 freeculture.xml:9749 freeculture.xml:10847
 msgid "ISPs (Internet service providers), user identities revealed by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9489
+#: freeculture.xml:9493
 msgid "Conyers, John, Jr."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9490 freeculture.xml:10237
+#: freeculture.xml:9494 freeculture.xml:10241
 msgid "Berman, Howard L."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9458
+#: freeculture.xml:9462
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> For an excellent summary, see the "
 "report prepared by GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society "
@@ -13388,7 +13392,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9449
+#: freeculture.xml:9453
 msgid ""
 "We could respond by simply pretending that it is not a chimera. We could, "
 "with the RIAA, decide that every act of file sharing should be a felony. We "
@@ -13401,7 +13405,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9496
+#: freeculture.xml:9500
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, we could respond to file sharing the way many kids act as "
 "though we've responded. We could totally legalize it. Let there be no "
@@ -13411,7 +13415,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9503
+#: freeculture.xml:9507
 msgid ""
 "Either response is possible. I think either would be a mistake.  Rather than "
 "embrace one of these two extremes, we should embrace something that "
@@ -13425,7 +13429,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 190 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9515
+#: freeculture.xml:9519
 msgid ""
 "Yet zero tolerance is increasingly our government's policy. In the middle of "
 "the chaos that the Internet has created, an extraordinary land grab is "
@@ -13436,7 +13440,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9523
+#: freeculture.xml:9527
 msgid ""
 "I'm not talking about the opportunities for kids to <quote>steal</quote> "
 "music. My focus instead is the commercial and cultural innovation that this "
@@ -13450,14 +13454,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9536
+#: freeculture.xml:9540
 msgid ""
 "eMusic opposes music piracy. We are a distributor of copyrighted material, "
 "and we want to protect those rights."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9540
+#: freeculture.xml:9544
 msgid ""
 "But building a technology fortress that locks in the clout of the major "
 "labels is by no means the only way to protect copyright interests, nor is it "
@@ -13468,7 +13472,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9557
+#: freeculture.xml:9561
 msgid ""
 "WIPO and the DMCA One Year Later: Assessing Consumer Access to Digital "
 "Entertainment on the Internet and Other Media: Hearing Before the "
@@ -13479,7 +13483,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9547
+#: freeculture.xml:9551
 msgid ""
 "This is a critical point. The choices that industry sectors make with "
 "respect to these systems will in many ways directly shape the market for "
@@ -13492,12 +13496,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9571 freeculture.xml:9945
+#: freeculture.xml:9575 freeculture.xml:9949
 msgid "Vivendi Universal"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9568
+#: freeculture.xml:9572
 msgid ""
 "In April 2001, eMusic.com was purchased by Vivendi Universal, one of "
 "<quote>the major labels.</quote> Its position on these matters has now "
@@ -13505,7 +13509,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9574
+#: freeculture.xml:9578
 msgid ""
 "Reversing our tradition of tolerance now will not merely quash piracy. It "
 "will sacrifice values that are important to this culture, and will kill "
@@ -13513,12 +13517,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9582
+#: freeculture.xml:9586
 msgid "Chapter Twelve: Harms"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9584
+#: freeculture.xml:9588
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>To fight</emphasis> <quote>piracy,</quote> to "
 "protect <quote>property,</quote> the content industry has launched a "
@@ -13529,7 +13533,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9592
+#: freeculture.xml:9596
 msgid ""
 "My aim so far has been to describe the consequences of this war, in "
 "particular, the consequences for <quote>free culture.</quote> But my aim now "
@@ -13538,7 +13542,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9598
+#: freeculture.xml:9602
 msgid ""
 "In my view, it is not. There is no good reason why this time, for the first "
 "time, the law should defend the old against the new, just when the power of "
@@ -13547,7 +13551,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9606
+#: freeculture.xml:9610
 msgid ""
 "Yet <quote>common sense</quote> does not see it this way. Common sense is "
 "still on the side of the Causbys and the content industry. The extreme "
@@ -13557,7 +13561,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 193 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9614
+#: freeculture.xml:9618
 msgid ""
 "There will be many consequences of continuing this war. I want to describe "
 "just three. All three might be said to be unintended. I am quite confident "
@@ -13567,12 +13571,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9621
+#: freeculture.xml:9625
 msgid "Constraining Creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9623
+#: freeculture.xml:9627
 msgid ""
 "In the next ten years we will see an explosion of digital technologies.  "
 "These technologies will enable almost anyone to capture and share "
@@ -13589,7 +13593,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9638
+#: freeculture.xml:9642
 msgid ""
 "This digital <quote>capturing and sharing</quote> is in part an extension of "
 "the capturing and sharing that has always been integral to our culture, and "
@@ -13604,7 +13608,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 194 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9649
+#: freeculture.xml:9653
 msgid ""
 "Technology has thus given us an opportunity to do something with culture "
 "that has only ever been possible for individuals in small groups, isolated "
@@ -13614,7 +13618,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9659
+#: freeculture.xml:9663
 msgid ""
 "Yet all this is possible only if the activity is presumptively legal. In the "
 "current regime of legal regulation, it is not. Forget file sharing for a "
@@ -13628,17 +13632,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9669 freeculture.xml:9693
+#: freeculture.xml:9673 freeculture.xml:9697
 msgid "WorldCom"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9672
+#: freeculture.xml:9676
 msgid "doctors malpractice claims against"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9688
+#: freeculture.xml:9692
 msgid ""
 "See Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at "
 "WorldCom</citetitle> (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2003), 176, 204; "
@@ -13649,12 +13653,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9709
+#: freeculture.xml:9713
 msgid "Bush, George W."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9700
+#: freeculture.xml:9704
 msgid ""
 "The bill, modeled after California's tort reform model, was passed in the "
 "House of Representatives but defeated in a Senate vote in July 2003. For an "
@@ -13668,7 +13672,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9675
+#: freeculture.xml:9679
 msgid ""
 "That presumption will increasingly chill creativity, as the examples of "
 "extreme penalties for vague infringements continue to proliferate. It is "
@@ -13690,13 +13694,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9715
+#: freeculture.xml:9719
 msgid "art, underground"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9736
+#: freeculture.xml:9740
 msgid ""
 "See Danit Lidor, <quote>Artists Just Wanna Be Free,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Wired</citetitle>, 7 July 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -13706,7 +13710,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9717
+#: freeculture.xml:9721
 msgid ""
 "The consequence of this legal uncertainty, tied to these extremely high "
 "penalties, is that an extraordinary amount of creativity will either never "
@@ -13726,7 +13730,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9747
+#: freeculture.xml:9751
 msgid ""
 "Part of the reason for this fear of illegality has to do with the changing "
 "law. I described that change in detail in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: "
@@ -13740,7 +13744,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9760
+#: freeculture.xml:9764
 msgid ""
 "Never in our history has a painter had to worry about whether his painting "
 "infringed on someone else's work; but the modern-day painter, using the "
@@ -13754,7 +13758,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9771
+#: freeculture.xml:9775
 msgid ""
 "Lawyers rarely see this because lawyers are rarely empirical. As I described "
 "in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"recorders\"/>, "
@@ -13765,7 +13769,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 196 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9782
+#: freeculture.xml:9786
 msgid ""
 "But fair use in America simply means the right to hire a lawyer to defend "
 "your right to create. And as lawyers love to forget, our system for "
@@ -13778,7 +13782,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9792
+#: freeculture.xml:9796
 msgid ""
 "Judges and lawyers can tell themselves that fair use provides adequate "
 "<quote>breathing room</quote> between regulation by the law and the access "
@@ -13791,7 +13795,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9803
+#: freeculture.xml:9807
 msgid ""
 "For in a world that threatens $150,000 for a single willful infringement of "
 "a copyright, and which demands tens of thousands of dollars to even defend "
@@ -13804,13 +13808,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9814
+#: freeculture.xml:9818
 msgid "As Jed Horovitz, the businessman behind Video Pipeline, said to me,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 197 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9818
+#: freeculture.xml:9822
 msgid ""
 "We're losing [creative] opportunities right and left. Creative people are "
 "being forced not to express themselves. Thoughts are not being "
@@ -13823,22 +13827,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9831
+#: freeculture.xml:9835
 msgid "Constraining Innovators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9832
+#: freeculture.xml:9836
 msgid "innovation hampered by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9833
+#: freeculture.xml:9837
 msgid "industry establishment opposed to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9836
+#: freeculture.xml:9840
 msgid ""
 "The story of the last section was a crunchy-lefty story&mdash;creativity "
 "quashed, artists who can't speak, yada yada yada. Maybe that doesn't get you "
@@ -13849,7 +13853,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9845
+#: freeculture.xml:9849
 msgid ""
 "But there's an aspect of this story that is not lefty in any sense.  Indeed, "
 "it is an aspect that could be written by the most extreme promarket "
@@ -13862,7 +13866,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9856
+#: freeculture.xml:9860
 msgid ""
 "The charge I've been making about the regulation of culture is the same "
 "charge free marketers make about regulating markets. Everyone, of course, "
@@ -13877,18 +13881,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9869 freeculture.xml:9990 freeculture.xml:9996
+#: freeculture.xml:9873 freeculture.xml:9994 freeculture.xml:10000
 msgid "Barry, Hank"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9870 freeculture.xml:10002
+#: freeculture.xml:9874 freeculture.xml:10006
 msgid "venture capitalists"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 198 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9872
+#: freeculture.xml:9876
 msgid ""
 "This is the single most dramatic effect of the shift in regulatory strategy "
 "that I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
@@ -13903,7 +13907,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9887
+#: freeculture.xml:9891
 msgid ""
 "Consider one example to make the point, a story whose beginning I told in "
 "<citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> and which has progressed in a way "
@@ -13911,22 +13915,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9891
+#: freeculture.xml:9895
 msgid "MP3.com"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9892
+#: freeculture.xml:9896
 msgid "my.mp3.com"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9893
+#: freeculture.xml:9897
 msgid "Roberts, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9895
+#: freeculture.xml:9899
 msgid ""
 "In 1997, Michael Roberts launched a company called MP3.com.  MP3.com was "
 "keen to remake the music business. Their goal was not just to facilitate new "
@@ -13937,12 +13941,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9903
+#: freeculture.xml:9907
 msgid "preference data on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9905
+#: freeculture.xml:9909
 msgid ""
 "To make this system work, however, MP3.com needed a reliable way to "
 "recommend music to its users. The idea behind this alternative was to "
@@ -13952,7 +13956,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9912
+#: freeculture.xml:9916
 msgid ""
 "This idea required a simple way to gather data about user preferences.  "
 "MP3.com came up with an extraordinarily clever way to gather this preference "
@@ -13967,7 +13971,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 199 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9924
+#: freeculture.xml:9928
 msgid ""
 "No doubt some could use this system to illegally copy content. But that "
 "opportunity existed with or without MP3.com. The aim of the my.mp3.com "
@@ -13977,7 +13981,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9934
+#: freeculture.xml:9938
 msgid ""
 "To make this system function, however, MP3.com needed to copy 50,000 CDs to "
 "a server. (In principle, it could have been the user who uploaded the music, "
@@ -13991,17 +13995,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9946 freeculture.xml:9991
+#: freeculture.xml:9950 freeculture.xml:9995
 msgid "distribution technology targeted in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9951
+#: freeculture.xml:9955
 msgid "outsize penalties of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9953
+#: freeculture.xml:9957
 msgid ""
 "Nine days after MP3.com launched its service, the five major labels, headed "
 "by the RIAA, brought a lawsuit against MP3.com. MP3.com settled with four of "
@@ -14013,12 +14017,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9963
+#: freeculture.xml:9967
 msgid "That part of the story I have told before. Now consider its conclusion."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9966
+#: freeculture.xml:9970
 msgid ""
 "After Vivendi purchased MP3.com, Vivendi turned around and filed a "
 "malpractice lawsuit against the lawyers who had advised it that they had a "
@@ -14031,7 +14035,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 200 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9977
+#: freeculture.xml:9981
 msgid ""
 "The clear purpose of this lawsuit (which was settled for an unspecified "
 "amount shortly after the story was no longer covered in the press) was to "
@@ -14043,43 +14047,43 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9992
+#: freeculture.xml:9996
 msgid "BMW"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9993
+#: freeculture.xml:9997
 msgid "cars, MP3 sound systems in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9995
+#: freeculture.xml:9999
 msgid "Hummer, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9997
+#: freeculture.xml:10001
 msgid "Hummer Winblad"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9998
+#: freeculture.xml:10002
 msgid "MP3 players"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9999
+#: freeculture.xml:10003
 msgid "venture capital for"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10000 freeculture.xml:10046
+#: freeculture.xml:10004 freeculture.xml:10050
 msgid "Needleman, Rafe"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10010
+#: freeculture.xml:10014
 msgid ""
 "See Joseph Menn, <quote>Universal, EMI Sue Napster Investor,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 23 April 2003. For a parallel "
@@ -14092,7 +14096,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10004
+#: freeculture.xml:10008
 msgid ""
 "This strategy is not just limited to the lawyers. In April 2003, Universal "
 "and EMI brought a lawsuit against Hummer Winblad, the venture capital firm "
@@ -14112,7 +14116,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10042
+#: freeculture.xml:10046
 msgid ""
 "Rafe Needleman, <quote>Driving in Cars with MP3s,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Business 2.0</citetitle>, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -14122,7 +14126,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10033
+#: freeculture.xml:10037
 msgid ""
 "I asked why, with all the storage capacity and computer power in the car, "
 "there was no way to play MP3 files. I was told that BMW engineers in Germany "
@@ -14134,7 +14138,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10054
+#: freeculture.xml:10058
 msgid ""
 "This is the world of the mafia&mdash;filled with <quote>your money or your "
 "life</quote> offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats "
@@ -14146,7 +14150,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 201 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10064
+#: freeculture.xml:10068
 msgid ""
 "The point is not that businesses should have a right to start illegal "
 "enterprises. The point is the definition of <quote>illegal.</quote> The law "
@@ -14162,7 +14166,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10079
+#: freeculture.xml:10083
 msgid ""
 "The point is directly parallel to the crunchy-lefty point about fair "
 "use. Whatever the <quote>real</quote> law is, realism about the effect of "
@@ -14177,7 +14181,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 202 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10091
+#: freeculture.xml:10095
 msgid ""
 "The building of a permission culture, rather than a free culture, is the "
 "first important way in which the changes I have described will burden "
@@ -14196,7 +14200,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10110
+#: freeculture.xml:10114
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The uncertainty</emphasis> of the law is one burden "
 "on innovation. There is a second burden that operates more directly. This is "
@@ -14206,7 +14210,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10117
+#: freeculture.xml:10121
 msgid ""
 "The motivation for this response is obvious. The Internet enables the "
 "efficient spread of content. That efficiency is a feature of the Internet's "
@@ -14220,7 +14224,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10132
+#: freeculture.xml:10136
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,</quote> "
 "GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law "
@@ -14230,12 +14234,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10145
+#: freeculture.xml:10149
 msgid "GartnerG2, 26&ndash;27."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10128
+#: freeculture.xml:10132
 msgid ""
 "The examples of this form of legislation are many. At the urging of the "
 "content industry, some in Congress have threatened legislation that would "
@@ -14253,7 +14257,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 203 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10149
+#: freeculture.xml:10153
 msgid ""
 "In one sense, these solutions seem sensible. If the problem is the code, why "
 "not regulate the code to remove the problem. But any regulation of technical "
@@ -14263,20 +14267,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10158 freeculture.xml:12076
+#: freeculture.xml:10162 freeculture.xml:12080
 msgid "Intel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10164
+#: freeculture.xml:10168
 msgid ""
 "See David McGuire, <quote>Tech Execs Square Off Over Piracy,</quote> "
 "Newsbytes, February 2002 (Entertainment)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10160
+#: freeculture.xml:10164
 msgid ""
 "In March 2002, a broad coalition of technology companies, led by Intel, "
 "tried to get Congress to see the harm that such legislation would "
@@ -14286,7 +14290,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10172
+#: freeculture.xml:10176
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There is one</emphasis> more obvious way in which "
 "this war has harmed innovation&mdash;again, a story that will be quite "
@@ -14294,7 +14298,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10177
+#: freeculture.xml:10181
 msgid ""
 "Copyright may be property, but like all property, it is also a form of "
 "regulation. It is a regulation that benefits some and harms others.  When "
@@ -14303,12 +14307,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10195
+#: freeculture.xml:10199
 msgid "Digital Copyright (Litman)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10193
+#: freeculture.xml:10197
 msgid ""
 "Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (Amherst, N.Y.: "
 "Prometheus Books, 2001).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
@@ -14316,7 +14320,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10187
+#: freeculture.xml:10191
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, despite this feature of copyright as regulation, "
@@ -14331,7 +14335,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10206
+#: freeculture.xml:10210
 msgid ""
 "But that pattern of deference to new technologies has now changed with the "
 "rise of the Internet. Rather than striking a balance between the claims of a "
@@ -14341,17 +14345,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10212
+#: freeculture.xml:10216
 msgid "radio on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10217
+#: freeculture.xml:10221
 msgid "Grokster, Ltd."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10217
+#: freeculture.xml:10221
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> The only circuit court exception "
 "is found in <citetitle>Recording Industry Association of America "
@@ -14370,17 +14374,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10236
+#: freeculture.xml:10240
 msgid "Tauzin, Billy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10238
+#: freeculture.xml:10242
 msgid "Hollings, Fritz"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10236
+#: freeculture.xml:10240
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder "
@@ -14400,7 +14404,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10215
+#: freeculture.xml:10219
 msgid ""
 "The response by the courts has been fairly universal.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It has been mirrored in the responses "
@@ -14411,13 +14415,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10260
+#: freeculture.xml:10264
 msgid "Monroe, Marilyn"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 204 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10265
+#: freeculture.xml:10269
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"pirates\"/>, when a radio station plays a song, the recording "
@@ -14431,7 +14435,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10276
+#: freeculture.xml:10280
 msgid ""
 "The reasoning behind this balance struck by Congress makes some sense. The "
 "justification was that radio was a kind of advertising. The recording artist "
@@ -14444,7 +14448,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10288
+#: freeculture.xml:10292
 msgid ""
 "Enter Internet radio. Like regular radio, Internet radio is a technology to "
 "stream content from a broadcaster to a listener. The broadcast travels "
@@ -14455,7 +14459,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10297
+#: freeculture.xml:10301
 msgid ""
 "This feature of the architecture of Internet radio means that there are "
 "potentially an unlimited number of radio stations that a user could tune in "
@@ -14471,7 +14475,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 205 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10313
+#: freeculture.xml:10317
 msgid ""
 "Internet radio is thus to radio what FM was to AM. It is an improvement "
 "potentially vastly more significant than the FM improvement over AM, since "
@@ -14483,12 +14487,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10337
+#: freeculture.xml:10341
 msgid "Lessing, 239."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10323
+#: freeculture.xml:10327
 msgid ""
 "An almost unlimited number of FM stations was possible in the shortwaves, "
 "thus ending the unnatural restrictions imposed on radio in the crowded "
@@ -14506,12 +14510,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10347
+#: freeculture.xml:10351
 msgid "Ibid., 229."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10342
+#: freeculture.xml:10346
 msgid ""
 "This potential for FM radio was never realized&mdash;not because Armstrong "
 "was wrong about the technology, but because he underestimated the power of "
@@ -14521,7 +14525,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10352
+#: freeculture.xml:10356
 msgid ""
 "Now the very same claim could be made about Internet radio. For again, there "
 "is no technical limitation that could restrict the number of Internet radio "
@@ -14531,23 +14535,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10361
+#: freeculture.xml:10365
 msgid "on radio"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10365
+#: freeculture.xml:10369
 msgid "Internet radio hampered by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10366 freeculture.xml:10519
+#: freeculture.xml:10370 freeculture.xml:10523
 msgid "on Internet radio fees"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 206 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10369
+#: freeculture.xml:10373
 msgid ""
 "But here the power of the lobbyists is reversed. Internet radio is a new "
 "industry. The recording artists, on the other hand, have a very powerful "
@@ -14562,12 +14566,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10408
+#: freeculture.xml:10412
 msgid "CARP (Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10391
+#: freeculture.xml:10395
 msgid ""
 "This example was derived from fees set by the original Copyright Arbitration "
 "Royalty Panel (CARP) proceedings, and is drawn from an example offered by "
@@ -14589,7 +14593,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10384
+#: freeculture.xml:10388
 msgid ""
 "This financial burden is not slight. As Harvard law professor William Fisher "
 "estimates, if an Internet radio station distributed adfree popular music to "
@@ -14600,7 +14604,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10420
+#: freeculture.xml:10424
 msgid ""
 "The burden is not financial only. Under the original rules that were "
 "proposed, an Internet radio station (but not a terrestrial radio station) "
@@ -14609,57 +14613,57 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10428
+#: freeculture.xml:10432
 msgid "name of the service;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10431
+#: freeculture.xml:10435
 msgid "channel of the program (AM/FM stations use station ID);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10434
+#: freeculture.xml:10438
 msgid "type of program (archived/looped/live);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10437
+#: freeculture.xml:10441
 msgid "date of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10440
+#: freeculture.xml:10444
 msgid "time of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10443
+#: freeculture.xml:10447
 msgid "time zone of origination of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10446
+#: freeculture.xml:10450
 msgid "numeric designation of the place of the sound recording within the program;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10449
+#: freeculture.xml:10453
 msgid "duration of transmission (to nearest second);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10452
+#: freeculture.xml:10456
 msgid "sound recording title;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10455
+#: freeculture.xml:10459
 msgid "ISRC code of the recording;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10458
+#: freeculture.xml:10462
 msgid ""
 "release year of the album per copyright notice and in the case of "
 "compilation albums, the release year of the album and copy- right date of "
@@ -14667,77 +14671,77 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10461
+#: freeculture.xml:10465
 msgid "featured recording artist;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10464
+#: freeculture.xml:10468
 msgid "retail album title;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10467
+#: freeculture.xml:10471
 msgid "recording label;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10470
+#: freeculture.xml:10474
 msgid "UPC code of the retail album;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10473
+#: freeculture.xml:10477
 msgid "catalog number;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10476
+#: freeculture.xml:10480
 msgid "copyright owner information;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10479
+#: freeculture.xml:10483
 msgid "musical genre of the channel or program (station format);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10482
+#: freeculture.xml:10486
 msgid "name of the service or entity;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10485
+#: freeculture.xml:10489
 msgid "channel or program;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10488
+#: freeculture.xml:10492
 msgid "date and time that the user logged in (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10491
+#: freeculture.xml:10495
 msgid "date and time that the user logged out (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10494
+#: freeculture.xml:10498
 msgid "time zone where the signal was received (user);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10497
+#: freeculture.xml:10501
 msgid "unique user identifier;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10500
+#: freeculture.xml:10504
 msgid "the country in which the user received the transmissions."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10505
+#: freeculture.xml:10509
 msgid ""
 "The Librarian of Congress eventually suspended these reporting requirements, "
 "pending further study. And he also changed the original rates set by the "
@@ -14748,7 +14752,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10513
+#: freeculture.xml:10517
 msgid ""
 "Why? What justifies this difference? Was there any study of the economic "
 "consequences from Internet radio that would justify these differences? Was "
@@ -14756,12 +14760,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10517 freeculture.xml:15337
+#: freeculture.xml:10521 freeculture.xml:15341
 msgid "Real Networks"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10523
+#: freeculture.xml:10527
 msgid ""
 "In a rare bit of candor, one RIAA expert admitted what seemed obvious to "
 "everyone at the time. As Alex Alben, vice president for Public Policy at "
@@ -14770,7 +14774,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 208 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10529
+#: freeculture.xml:10533
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA, which was representing the record labels, presented some testimony "
 "about what they thought a willing buyer would pay to a willing seller, and "
@@ -14784,7 +14788,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10545
+#: freeculture.xml:10549
 msgid ""
 "And the RIAA experts said, <quote>Well, we don't really model this as an "
 "industry with thousands of webcasters, <emphasis>we think it should be an "
@@ -14793,7 +14797,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10557
+#: freeculture.xml:10561
 msgid ""
 "Translation: The aim is to use the law to eliminate competition, so that "
 "this platform of potentially immense competition, which would cause the "
@@ -14804,12 +14808,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10573
+#: freeculture.xml:10577
 msgid "Corrupting Citizens"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10575
+#: freeculture.xml:10579
 msgid ""
 "Overregulation stifles creativity. It smothers innovation. It gives "
 "dinosaurs a veto over the future. It wastes the extraordinary opportunity "
@@ -14817,7 +14821,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10581
+#: freeculture.xml:10585
 msgid ""
 "In addition to these important harms, there is one more that was important "
 "to our forebears, but seems forgotten today. Overregulation corrupts "
@@ -14826,7 +14830,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10590
+#: freeculture.xml:10594
 msgid ""
 "Mike Graziano and Lee Rainie, <quote>The Music Downloading Deluge,</quote> "
 "Pew Internet and American Life Project (24 April 2001), available at <ulink "
@@ -14837,7 +14841,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 209 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10586
+#: freeculture.xml:10590
 msgid ""
 "The war that is being waged today is a war of prohibition. As with every war "
 "of prohibition, it is targeted against the behavior of a very large number "
@@ -14855,7 +14859,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10624
+#: freeculture.xml:10628
 msgid ""
 "Alex Pham, <quote>The Labels Strike Back: N.Y. Girl Settles RIAA "
 "Case,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, "
@@ -14863,7 +14867,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10611
+#: freeculture.xml:10615
 msgid ""
 "The content industry's tactics exploit the failings of the American legal "
 "system. When the RIAA brought suit against Jesse Jordan, it knew that in "
@@ -14885,13 +14889,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10635
+#: freeculture.xml:10639
 msgid "alcohol prohibition"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10647
+#: freeculture.xml:10651
 msgid ""
 "Jeffrey A. Miron and Jeffrey Zwiebel, <quote>Alcohol Consumption During "
 "Prohibition,</quote> <citetitle>American Economic Review</citetitle> 81, "
@@ -14900,7 +14904,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10655
+#: freeculture.xml:10659
 msgid ""
 "National Drug Control Policy: Hearing Before the House Government Reform "
 "Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (5 March 2003) (statement of John "
@@ -14909,7 +14913,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10665
+#: freeculture.xml:10669
 msgid ""
 "See James Andreoni, Brian Erard, and Jonathon Feinstein, <quote>Tax "
 "Compliance,</quote> <citetitle>Journal of Economic Literature</citetitle> 36 "
@@ -14917,7 +14921,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10637
+#: freeculture.xml:10641
 msgid ""
 "Wars of prohibition are nothing new in America. This one is just something "
 "more extreme than anything we've seen before. We experimented with alcohol "
@@ -14940,12 +14944,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10673
+#: freeculture.xml:10677
 msgid "law schools"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10675
+#: freeculture.xml:10679
 msgid ""
 "This state of affairs is not without consequence. It is a particularly "
 "salient issue for teachers like me, whose job it is to teach law students "
@@ -14964,7 +14968,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10692
+#: freeculture.xml:10696
 msgid ""
 "The response to this general illegality is either to enforce the law more "
 "severely or to change the law. We, as a society, have to learn how to make "
@@ -14978,7 +14982,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 211 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10705
+#: freeculture.xml:10709
 msgid ""
 "My point is not the idiotic one: Just because people violate a law, we "
 "should therefore repeal it. Obviously, we could reduce murder statistics "
@@ -14988,7 +14992,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10712
+#: freeculture.xml:10716
 msgid ""
 "My point is instead one that democracies understood for generations, but "
 "that we recently have learned to forget. The rule of law depends upon people "
@@ -15005,7 +15009,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10726
+#: freeculture.xml:10730
 msgid ""
 "When at least forty-three million citizens download content from the "
 "Internet, and when they use tools to combine that content in ways "
@@ -15019,13 +15023,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10738
+#: freeculture.xml:10742
 msgid "This abstract point can be made more clear with a particular example."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 212 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10741
+#: freeculture.xml:10745
 msgid ""
 "We all own CDs. Many of us still own phonograph records. These pieces of "
 "plastic encode music that in a certain sense we have bought.  The law "
@@ -15036,7 +15040,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10752
+#: freeculture.xml:10756
 msgid ""
 "But as the MP3 craze has demonstrated, there is another use of phonograph "
 "records that is effectively free. Because these recordings were made without "
@@ -15048,17 +15052,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10760
+#: freeculture.xml:10764
 msgid "Andromeda"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10761
+#: freeculture.xml:10765
 msgid "mix technology and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10763
+#: freeculture.xml:10767
 msgid ""
 "This <quote>use</quote> of my records is certainly valuable. I have begun a "
 "large process at home of ripping all of my and my wife's CDs, and storing "
@@ -15072,7 +15076,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10774
+#: freeculture.xml:10778
 msgid ""
 "This use is enabled by unprotected media&mdash;either CDs or records.  But "
 "unprotected media also enable file sharing. File sharing threatens (or so "
@@ -15085,7 +15089,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 213 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10784
+#: freeculture.xml:10788
 msgid ""
 "If these technologies took off, then the building of large archives of your "
 "own music would become quite difficult. You might hang in hacker circles, "
@@ -15099,7 +15103,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10799
+#: freeculture.xml:10803
 msgid ""
 "If the only way to assure that artists get paid were the elimination of the "
 "ability to freely move content, then these technologies to interfere with "
@@ -15111,7 +15115,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10808
+#: freeculture.xml:10812
 msgid ""
 "My point just now is not to prove that there is such a system. I offer a "
 "version of such a system in the last chapter of this book. For now, the only "
@@ -15124,7 +15128,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10819
+#: freeculture.xml:10823
 msgid ""
 "I believe there is a way to assure that artists are paid without turning "
 "forty-three million Americans into felons. But the salient feature of this "
@@ -15136,7 +15140,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10828
+#: freeculture.xml:10832
 msgid ""
 "Except that this generation's buggy manufacturers have already saddled "
 "Congress, and are riding the law to protect themselves against this new form "
@@ -15146,7 +15150,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 214 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10834
+#: freeculture.xml:10838
 msgid ""
 "It is understandable why they choose as they do. It is not understandable "
 "why we as a democracy continue to choose as we do. Jack Valenti is charming; "
@@ -15155,7 +15159,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10845
+#: freeculture.xml:10849
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There's one more</emphasis> aspect to this "
 "corruption that is particularly important to civil liberties, and follows "
@@ -15167,19 +15171,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10853 freeculture.xml:10953
+#: freeculture.xml:10857 freeculture.xml:10957
 msgid "von Lohmann, Fred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10855
+#: freeculture.xml:10859
 msgid ""
 "<quote>If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,</quote> von "
 "Lohmann explains,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10860
+#: freeculture.xml:10864
 msgid ""
 "then all of a sudden a lot of basic civil liberty protections evaporate to "
 "one degree or another. &hellip; If you're a copyright infringer, how can you "
@@ -15193,7 +15197,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10872
+#: freeculture.xml:10876
 msgid ""
 "And the consequence of this transformation of the American public into "
 "criminals is that it becomes trivial, as a matter of due process, to "
@@ -15201,7 +15205,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10877
+#: freeculture.xml:10881
 msgid ""
 "Users of the Internet began to see this generally in 2003 as the RIAA "
 "launched its campaign to force Internet service providers to turn over the "
@@ -15213,7 +15217,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10895
+#: freeculture.xml:10899
 msgid ""
 "See Frank Ahrens, <quote>RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single "
 "Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,</quote> "
@@ -15230,7 +15234,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10886
+#: freeculture.xml:10890
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA then expanded this campaign, by announcing a general strategy to "
 "sue individual users of the Internet who are alleged to have downloaded "
@@ -15244,7 +15248,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10913
+#: freeculture.xml:10917
 msgid ""
 "See <quote>Revealed: How RIAA Tracks Downloaders: Music Industry Discloses "
 "Some Methods Used,</quote> CNN.com, available at <ulink "
@@ -15252,7 +15256,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10909
+#: freeculture.xml:10913
 msgid ""
 "Even this understates the espionage that is being waged by the RIAA. A "
 "report from CNN late last summer described a strategy the RIAA had adopted "
@@ -15264,7 +15268,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10934
+#: freeculture.xml:10938
 msgid ""
 "See Jeff Adler, <quote>Cambridge: On Campus, Pirates Are Not "
 "Penitent,</quote> <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 18 May 2003, City "
@@ -15287,7 +15291,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10922
+#: freeculture.xml:10926
 msgid ""
 "So imagine the following not-implausible scenario: Imagine a friend gives a "
 "CD to your daughter&mdash;a collection of songs just like the cassettes you "
@@ -15305,7 +15309,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 216 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10955
+#: freeculture.xml:10959
 msgid ""
 "Now, of course, she'll have the right to defend herself. You can hire a "
 "lawyer for her (at $300 per hour, if you're lucky), and she can plead that "
@@ -15319,7 +15323,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10970
+#: freeculture.xml:10974
 msgid ""
 "So when we're talking about numbers like forty to sixty million Americans "
 "that are essentially copyright infringers, you create a situation where the "
@@ -15340,7 +15344,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10990
+#: freeculture.xml:10994
 msgid ""
 "When forty to sixty million Americans are considered "
 "<quote>criminals</quote> under the law, and when the law could achieve the "
@@ -15351,12 +15355,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:11003
+#: freeculture.xml:11007
 msgid "Balances"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11008
+#: freeculture.xml:11012
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>So here's</emphasis> the picture: You're standing at "
 "the side of the road. Your car is on fire. You are angry and upset because "
@@ -15366,7 +15370,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11015
+#: freeculture.xml:11019
 msgid ""
 "As you ponder the mess, someone else comes along. In a panic, she grabs the "
 "bucket. Before you have a chance to tell her to stop&mdash;or before she "
@@ -15376,7 +15380,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11023
+#: freeculture.xml:11027
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>A war</emphasis> about copyright rages all "
 "around&mdash;and we're all focusing on the wrong thing. No doubt, current "
@@ -15389,7 +15393,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 219 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11033
+#: freeculture.xml:11037
 msgid ""
 "Yet policy makers are not willing to leave this fire to itself. Primed with "
 "plenty of lobbyists' money, they are keen to intervene to eliminate the "
@@ -15399,7 +15403,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11041
+#: freeculture.xml:11045
 msgid ""
 "Somehow we have to find a way to turn attention to this more important and "
 "fundamental issue. Somehow we have to find a way to avoid pouring gasoline "
@@ -15407,7 +15411,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11046
+#: freeculture.xml:11050
 msgid ""
 "We have not found that way yet. Instead, we seem trapped in a simpler, "
 "binary view. However much many people push to frame this debate more "
@@ -15416,7 +15420,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11052
+#: freeculture.xml:11056
 msgid ""
 "This challenge has been my life these last few years. It has also been my "
 "failure. In the two chapters that follow, I describe one small brace of "
@@ -15425,22 +15429,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:11062
+#: freeculture.xml:11066
 msgid "Chapter Thirteen: Eldred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11063
+#: freeculture.xml:11067
 msgid "Eldred, Eric"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11064
+#: freeculture.xml:11068
 msgid "Hawthorne, Nathaniel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11066
+#: freeculture.xml:11070
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In 1995</emphasis>, a father was frustrated that his "
 "daughters didn't seem to like Hawthorne. No doubt there was more than one "
@@ -15452,17 +15456,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11074
+#: freeculture.xml:11078
 msgid "of public-domain literature"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11075
+#: freeculture.xml:11079
 msgid "library of works derived from"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11077
+#: freeculture.xml:11081
 msgid ""
 "It didn't work&mdash;at least for his daughters. They didn't find Hawthorne "
 "any more interesting than before. But Eldred's experiment gave birth to a "
@@ -15472,7 +15476,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 221 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11086
+#: freeculture.xml:11090
 msgid ""
 "Eldred's library was not simply a copy of certain public domain works, "
 "though even a copy would have been of great value to people across the world "
@@ -15484,12 +15488,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11096
+#: freeculture.xml:11100
 msgid "Scarlet Letter, The (Hawthorne)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11098
+#: freeculture.xml:11102
 msgid ""
 "Eldred's freedom to do this with Hawthorne's work grew from the same source "
 "as Disney's. Hawthorne's <citetitle>Scarlet Letter</citetitle> had passed "
@@ -15505,12 +15509,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11123 freeculture.xml:12176
+#: freeculture.xml:11127 freeculture.xml:12180
 msgid "pornography"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11123
+#: freeculture.xml:11127
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> There's a parallel here with "
 "pornography that is a bit hard to describe, but it's a strong one. One "
@@ -15529,7 +15533,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11112
+#: freeculture.xml:11116
 msgid ""
 "The Internet created the possibility of noncommercial publications of public "
 "domain works. Eldred's is just one example. There are literally thousands of "
@@ -15544,17 +15548,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11143
+#: freeculture.xml:11147
 msgid "Frost, Robert"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11144
+#: freeculture.xml:11148
 msgid "New Hampshire (Frost)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11148
+#: freeculture.xml:11152
 msgid ""
 "As I said, Eldred lives in New Hampshire. In 1998, Robert Frost's collection "
 "of poems <citetitle>New Hampshire</citetitle> was slated to pass into the "
@@ -15570,17 +15574,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11163 freeculture.xml:11175
+#: freeculture.xml:11167 freeculture.xml:11179
 msgid "Bono, Mary"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11164 freeculture.xml:11176
+#: freeculture.xml:11168 freeculture.xml:11180
 msgid "Bono, Sonny"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11175
+#: freeculture.xml:11179
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> The full text is: <quote>Sonny [Bono] wanted the term of "
@@ -15593,7 +15597,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11170
+#: freeculture.xml:11174
 msgid ""
 "This was the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), enacted in "
 "memory of the congressman and former musician Sonny Bono, who, his widow, "
@@ -15602,27 +15606,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11187
+#: freeculture.xml:11191
 msgid "felony punishment for infringement of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11188
+#: freeculture.xml:11192
 msgid "NET (No Electronic Theft) Act (1998)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11189
+#: freeculture.xml:11193
 msgid "No Electronic Theft (NET) Act (1998)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11190
+#: freeculture.xml:11194
 msgid "felony punishments for"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11192
+#: freeculture.xml:11196
 msgid ""
 "Eldred decided to fight this law. He first resolved to fight it through "
 "civil disobedience. In a series of interviews, Eldred announced that he "
@@ -15633,17 +15637,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11201 freeculture.xml:12144
+#: freeculture.xml:11205 freeculture.xml:12148
 msgid "constitutional powers of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11204 freeculture.xml:11250
+#: freeculture.xml:11208 freeculture.xml:11254
 msgid "Eldred case involvement of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11206
+#: freeculture.xml:11210
 msgid ""
 "It was here that I became involved in Eldred's battle. I was a "
 "constitutional scholar whose first passion was constitutional "
@@ -15653,7 +15657,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11217
+#: freeculture.xml:11221
 msgid ""
 "Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science &hellip; by "
 "securing for limited Times to Authors &hellip; exclusive Right to their "
@@ -15661,7 +15665,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11224
+#: freeculture.xml:11228
 msgid ""
 "As I've described, this clause is unique within the power-granting clause of "
 "Article I, section 8 of our Constitution. Every other clause granting power "
@@ -15675,13 +15679,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11236 freeculture.xml:12739
+#: freeculture.xml:11240 freeculture.xml:12743
 msgid "Jaszi, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 223 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11238
+#: freeculture.xml:11242
 msgid ""
 "In the past forty years, Congress has gotten into the practice of extending "
 "existing terms of copyright protection. What puzzled me about this was, if "
@@ -15694,7 +15698,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11252
+#: freeculture.xml:11256
 msgid ""
 "As an academic, my first response was to hit the books. I remember sitting "
 "late at the office, scouring on-line databases for any serious consideration "
@@ -15707,7 +15711,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11263
+#: freeculture.xml:11267
 msgid ""
 "For this is the core of the corruption in our present system of "
 "government. <quote>Corruption</quote> not in the sense that representatives "
@@ -15719,7 +15723,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11272
+#: freeculture.xml:11276
 msgid ""
 "If that's not obvious to you, consider the following: Say you're one of the "
 "very few lucky copyright owners whose copyright continues to make money one "
@@ -15731,7 +15735,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11282
+#: freeculture.xml:11286
 msgid ""
 "So imagine the Robert Frost estate is earning $100,000 a year from three of "
 "Frost's poems. And imagine the copyright for those poems is about to "
@@ -15741,7 +15745,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 224 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11289
+#: freeculture.xml:11293
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Next year,</quote> the adviser announces, <quote>our copyrights in "
 "works A, B, and C will expire. That means that after next year, we will no "
@@ -15750,7 +15754,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11297
+#: freeculture.xml:11301
 msgid ""
 "<quote>There's a proposal in Congress, however,</quote> she continues, "
 "<quote>that could change this. A few congressmen are floating a bill to "
@@ -15759,14 +15763,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11303
+#: freeculture.xml:11307
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Hope?</quote> a fellow board member says. <quote>Can't we be doing "
 "something about it?</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11307
+#: freeculture.xml:11311
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Well, obviously, yes,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>We could "
 "contribute to the campaigns of a number of representatives to try to assure "
@@ -15774,7 +15778,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11312
+#: freeculture.xml:11316
 msgid ""
 "You hate politics. You hate contributing to campaigns. So you want to know "
 "whether this disgusting practice is worth it. <quote>How much would we get "
@@ -15783,7 +15787,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11318
+#: freeculture.xml:11322
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Well,</quote> the adviser says, <quote>if you're confident that you "
 "will continue to get at least $100,000 a year from these copyrights, and you "
@@ -15792,14 +15796,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11324
+#: freeculture.xml:11328
 msgid ""
 "You're a bit shocked by the number, but you quickly come to the correct "
 "conclusion:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11328
+#: freeculture.xml:11332
 msgid ""
 "<quote>So you're saying it would be worth it for us to pay more than "
 "$1,000,000 in campaign contributions if we were confident those "
@@ -15807,7 +15811,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11334
+#: freeculture.xml:11338
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Absolutely,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>It is worth it to "
 "you to contribute up to the `present value' of the income you expect from "
@@ -15816,7 +15820,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 225 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11340
+#: freeculture.xml:11344
 msgid ""
 "You quickly get the point&mdash;you as the member of the board and, I trust, "
 "you the reader. Each time copyrights are about to expire, every beneficiary "
@@ -15828,7 +15832,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11351
+#: freeculture.xml:11355
 msgid ""
 "Thus a congressional perpetual motion machine: So long as legislation can be "
 "bought (albeit indirectly), there will be all the incentive in the world to "
@@ -15837,7 +15841,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11363
+#: freeculture.xml:11367
 msgid ""
 "Associated Press, <quote>Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey "
 "Mouse Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,</quote> "
@@ -15846,7 +15850,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11370
+#: freeculture.xml:11374
 msgid ""
 "See Nick Brown, <quote>Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information "
 "Age,</quote> available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
@@ -15855,7 +15859,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11378
+#: freeculture.xml:11382
 msgid ""
 "Alan K. Ota, <quote>Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8 August 1990, "
@@ -15863,7 +15867,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11356
+#: freeculture.xml:11360
 msgid ""
 "In the lobbying that led to the passage of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term "
 "Extension Act, this <quote>theory</quote> about incentives was proved "
@@ -15878,7 +15882,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11385
+#: freeculture.xml:11389
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Constitutional law</emphasis> is not oblivious to "
 "the obvious. Or at least, it need not be. So when I was considering Eldred's "
@@ -15893,7 +15897,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 226 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11400
+#: freeculture.xml:11404
 msgid ""
 "It was also my judgment that <emphasis>this</emphasis> Supreme Court would "
 "not allow Congress to extend existing terms. As anyone close to the Supreme "
@@ -15905,7 +15909,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11413
+#: freeculture.xml:11417
 msgid ""
 "Since 1937, the Supreme Court had interpreted Congress's granted powers very "
 "broadly; so, while the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate "
@@ -15915,7 +15919,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11423
+#: freeculture.xml:11427
 msgid ""
 "As the economy grew, this standard increasingly meant that there was no "
 "limit to Congress's power to regulate, since just about every activity, when "
@@ -15925,12 +15929,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11429 freeculture.xml:12225
+#: freeculture.xml:11433 freeculture.xml:12229
 msgid "Rehnquist, William H."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11431
+#: freeculture.xml:11435
 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice Rehnquist's command, changed that in "
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. The "
@@ -15946,7 +15950,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11446
+#: freeculture.xml:11450
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>, 514 "
 "U.S. 549, 564 (1995)."
@@ -15954,14 +15958,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11453
+#: freeculture.xml:11457
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Morrison</citetitle>, 529 "
 "U.S. 598 (2000)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11444
+#: freeculture.xml:11448
 msgid ""
 "<quote>We pause to consider the implications of the government's "
 "arguments,</quote> the Chief Justice wrote.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -15974,7 +15978,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11460
+#: freeculture.xml:11464
 msgid ""
 "If it is a principle about enumerated powers, then the principle carries "
 "from one enumerated power to another. The animating point in the context of "
@@ -15989,7 +15993,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 227 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11457
+#: freeculture.xml:11461
 msgid ""
 "If a principle were at work here, then it should apply to the Progress "
 "Clause as much as the Commerce Clause.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -16003,7 +16007,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11481
+#: freeculture.xml:11485
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>If</emphasis>, that is, the principle announced in "
 "<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> stood for a principle.  Many believed the "
@@ -16019,7 +16023,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11498
+#: freeculture.xml:11502
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Now let's pause</emphasis> for a moment to make sure "
 "we understand what the argument in <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was not "
@@ -16039,13 +16043,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11515
+#: freeculture.xml:11519
 msgid "Nashville Songwriters Association"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11523
+#: freeculture.xml:11527
 msgid ""
 "Brief of the Nashville Songwriters Association, "
 "<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S.  "
@@ -16054,7 +16058,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11517
+#: freeculture.xml:11521
 msgid ""
 "Some people view the public domain with contempt. In their brief before the "
 "Supreme Court, the Nashville Songwriters Association wrote that the public "
@@ -16066,7 +16070,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11533
+#: freeculture.xml:11537
 msgid ""
 "As we've seen, our constitutional system requires limits on copyright as a "
 "way to assure that copyright holders do not too heavily influence the "
@@ -16078,7 +16082,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11545
+#: freeculture.xml:11549
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It is valuable</emphasis> copyrights that are "
 "responsible for terms being extended.  Mickey Mouse and <quote>Rhapsody in "
@@ -16093,7 +16097,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11563
+#: freeculture.xml:11567
 msgid ""
 "The figure of 2 percent is an extrapolation from the study by the "
 "Congressional Research Service, in light of the estimated renewal "
@@ -16103,7 +16107,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11557
+#: freeculture.xml:11561
 msgid ""
 "If you look at the work created in the first twenty years (1923 to 1942) "
 "affected by the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, 2 percent of that "
@@ -16115,7 +16119,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 229 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11573
+#: freeculture.xml:11577
 msgid ""
 "Think practically about the consequence of this extension&mdash;practically, "
 "as a businessperson, and not as a lawyer eager for more legal work. In 1930, "
@@ -16126,7 +16130,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11586
+#: freeculture.xml:11590
 msgid ""
 "Well, first, you'd have to determine which of the 9,873 books were still "
 "under copyright. That requires going to a library (these data are not "
@@ -16137,14 +16141,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11594
+#: freeculture.xml:11598
 msgid ""
 "Then for the books still under copyright, you would need to locate the "
 "current copyright owners. How would you do that?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11598
+#: freeculture.xml:11602
 msgid ""
 "Most people think that there must be a list of these copyright owners "
 "somewhere. Practical people think this way. How could there be thousands and "
@@ -16152,7 +16156,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11605
+#: freeculture.xml:11609
 msgid ""
 "But there is no list. There may be a name from 1930, and then in 1959, of "
 "the person who registered the copyright. But just think practically about "
@@ -16162,7 +16166,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11614
+#: freeculture.xml:11618
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But there isn't a list of who owns property generally,</quote> the "
 "apologists for the system respond. <quote>Why should there be a list of "
@@ -16170,7 +16174,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11619
+#: freeculture.xml:11623
 msgid ""
 "Well, actually, if you think about it, there <emphasis>are</emphasis> plenty "
 "of lists of who owns what property. Think about deeds on houses, or titles "
@@ -16182,7 +16186,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 230 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11628
+#: freeculture.xml:11632
 msgid ""
 "So: You walk down a street and see a house. You can know who owns the house "
 "by looking it up in the courthouse registry. If you see a car, there is "
@@ -16196,7 +16200,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11643
+#: freeculture.xml:11647
 msgid ""
 "Compare this story to intangible property. You go into a library.  The "
 "library owns the books. But who owns the copyrights? As I've already "
@@ -16210,7 +16214,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11655
+#: freeculture.xml:11659
 msgid ""
 "The consequence with respect to old books is that they won't be digitized, "
 "and hence will simply rot away on shelves. But the consequence for other "
@@ -16218,28 +16222,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11660
+#: freeculture.xml:11664
 msgid "Agee, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11661 freeculture.xml:12100
+#: freeculture.xml:11665 freeculture.xml:12104
 msgid "Hal Roach Studios"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11662
+#: freeculture.xml:11666
 msgid "Laurel and Hardy Films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11663
+#: freeculture.xml:11667
 msgid "Lucky Dog, The"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11676
+#: freeculture.xml:11680
 msgid ""
 "See David G. Savage, <quote>High Court Scene of Showdown on Copyright "
 "Law,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 6 October 2002; David "
@@ -16249,7 +16253,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11665
+#: freeculture.xml:11669
 msgid ""
 "Consider the story of Michael Agee, chairman of Hal Roach Studios, which "
 "owns the copyrights for the Laurel and Hardy films. Agee is a direct "
@@ -16264,7 +16268,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11683
+#: freeculture.xml:11687
 msgid ""
 "Yet Agee opposed the CTEA. His reasons demonstrate a rare virtue in this "
 "culture: selflessness. He argued in a brief before the Supreme Court that "
@@ -16274,7 +16278,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 231 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11689
+#: freeculture.xml:11693
 msgid ""
 "His argument is straightforward. A tiny fraction of this work has any "
 "continuing commercial value. The rest&mdash;to the extent it survives at "
@@ -16286,7 +16290,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11707
+#: freeculture.xml:11711
 msgid ""
 "Brief of Hal Roach Studios and Michael Agee as Amicus Curiae Supporting the "
 "Petitoners, <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
@@ -16298,7 +16302,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11700
+#: freeculture.xml:11704
 msgid ""
 "We can't know the benefits, but we do know a lot about the costs.  For most "
 "of the history of film, the costs of restoring film were very high; digital "
@@ -16309,7 +16313,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11717
+#: freeculture.xml:11721
 msgid ""
 "Restoration technology is not the only cost, nor the most important.  "
 "Lawyers, too, are a cost, and increasingly, a very important one. In "
@@ -16319,7 +16323,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11725
+#: freeculture.xml:11729
 msgid ""
 "Or more accurately, <emphasis>owners</emphasis>. As we've seen, there isn't "
 "only a single copyright associated with a film; there are many. There isn't "
@@ -16330,7 +16334,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11733
+#: freeculture.xml:11737
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But can't you just restore the film, distribute it, and then pay the "
 "copyright owner when she shows up?</quote> Sure, if you want to commit a "
@@ -16345,7 +16349,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 232 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11744
+#: freeculture.xml:11748
 msgid ""
 "For some films, the benefit of releasing the film may well exceed these "
 "costs. But for the vast majority of them, there is no way the benefit would "
@@ -16355,7 +16359,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11755
+#: freeculture.xml:11759
 msgid ""
 "But by the time the copyright for these films expires, the film will have "
 "expired. These films were produced on nitrate-based stock, and nitrate stock "
@@ -16364,7 +16368,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11763
+#: freeculture.xml:11767
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Of all the</emphasis> creative work produced by "
 "humans anywhere, a tiny fraction has continuing commercial value. For that "
@@ -16375,7 +16379,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11771
+#: freeculture.xml:11775
 msgid ""
 "But even for that tiny fraction, the actual time during which the creative "
 "work has a commercial life is extremely short. As I've indicated, most books "
@@ -16386,7 +16390,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11781
+#: freeculture.xml:11785
 msgid ""
 "Yet that doesn't mean the life of the creative work ends. We don't keep "
 "libraries of books in order to compete with Barnes &amp; Noble, and we don't "
@@ -16400,7 +16404,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 233 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11794
+#: freeculture.xml:11798
 msgid ""
 "Copyrights in this context do not drive an engine of free expression.  In "
 "this context, there is no need for an exclusive right. Copyrights in this "
@@ -16408,7 +16412,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11801
+#: freeculture.xml:11805
 msgid ""
 "Yet, for most of our history, they also did little harm. For most of our "
 "history, when a work ended its commercial life, there was no "
@@ -16421,7 +16425,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11812
+#: freeculture.xml:11816
 msgid ""
 "The same was effectively true of film. Because the costs of restoring a "
 "film&mdash;the real economic costs, not the lawyer costs&mdash;were so high, "
@@ -16432,7 +16436,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11821
+#: freeculture.xml:11825
 msgid ""
 "In other words, though copyright has been relatively short for most of our "
 "history, long copyrights wouldn't have mattered for the works that lost "
@@ -16441,12 +16445,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11827
+#: freeculture.xml:11831
 msgid "But this situation has now changed."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11832
+#: freeculture.xml:11836
 msgid ""
 "One crucially important consequence of the emergence of digital technologies "
 "is to enable the archive that Brewster Kahle dreams of.  Digital "
@@ -16461,7 +16465,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 234 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11845
+#: freeculture.xml:11849
 msgid ""
 "And now copyright law does get in the way. Every step of producing this "
 "digital archive of our culture infringes on the exclusive right of "
@@ -16474,7 +16478,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11855
+#: freeculture.xml:11859
 msgid ""
 "Here is the core of the harm that comes from extending terms: Now that "
 "technology enables us to rebuild the library of Alexandria, the law gets in "
@@ -16488,7 +16492,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11866
+#: freeculture.xml:11870
 msgid ""
 "You may well ask, <quote>But if digital technologies lower the costs for "
 "Brewster Kahle, then they will lower the costs for Random House, too.  So "
@@ -16497,7 +16501,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11873
+#: freeculture.xml:11877
 msgid ""
 "Maybe. Someday. But there is absolutely no evidence to suggest that "
 "publishers would be as complete as libraries. If Barnes &amp; Noble offered "
@@ -16512,7 +16516,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11897
+#: freeculture.xml:11901
 msgid ""
 "Jason Schultz, <quote>The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,</quote> "
 "20 December 2002, available at <ulink "
@@ -16520,7 +16524,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11885
+#: freeculture.xml:11889
 msgid ""
 "I would be the first to agree that it should do as much as it can: We should "
 "rely upon the market as much as possible to spread and enable culture. My "
@@ -16534,7 +16538,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11904
+#: freeculture.xml:11908
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In January 1999</emphasis>, we filed a lawsuit on "
 "Eric Eldred's behalf in federal district court in Washington, D.C., asking "
@@ -16546,7 +16550,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11913
+#: freeculture.xml:11917
 msgid ""
 "The district court dismissed our claims without even hearing an argument.  A "
 "panel of the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit also dismissed our "
@@ -16556,7 +16560,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11920
+#: freeculture.xml:11924
 msgid ""
 "Judge David Sentelle said the CTEA violated the requirement that copyrights "
 "be for <quote>limited Times</quote> only. His argument was as elegant as it "
@@ -16570,7 +16574,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11931
+#: freeculture.xml:11935
 msgid ""
 "We asked the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit as a whole to hear the "
 "case. Cases are ordinarily heard in panels of three, except for important "
@@ -16579,13 +16583,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11936
+#: freeculture.xml:11940
 msgid "Tatel, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 236 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11938
+#: freeculture.xml:11942
 msgid ""
 "The Court of Appeals rejected our request to hear the case en banc.  This "
 "time, Judge Sentelle was joined by the most liberal member of the "
@@ -16595,7 +16599,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11947
+#: freeculture.xml:11951
 msgid ""
 "It was here that most expected Eldred v. Ashcroft would die, for the Supreme "
 "Court rarely reviews any decision by a court of appeals. (It hears about one "
@@ -16605,7 +16609,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11954
+#: freeculture.xml:11958
 msgid ""
 "But in February 2002, the Supreme Court surprised the world by granting our "
 "petition to review the D.C. Circuit opinion. Argument was set for October of "
@@ -16613,7 +16617,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11960
+#: freeculture.xml:11964
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It is over</emphasis> a year later as I write these "
 "words. It is still astonishingly hard. If you know anything at all about "
@@ -16626,7 +16630,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11971
+#: freeculture.xml:11975
 msgid ""
 "But my client and these friends were wrong. This case could have been "
 "won. It should have been won. And no matter how hard I try to retell this "
@@ -16634,18 +16638,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11976 freeculture.xml:11991
+#: freeculture.xml:11980 freeculture.xml:11995
 msgid "Steward, Geoffrey"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11977 freeculture.xml:12128 freeculture.xml:12357
+#: freeculture.xml:11981 freeculture.xml:12132 freeculture.xml:12361
 msgid "Jones, Day, Reavis and Pogue (Jones Day)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 237 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11979
+#: freeculture.xml:11983
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The mistake</emphasis> was made early, though it "
 "became obvious only at the very end. Our case had been supported from the "
@@ -16657,17 +16661,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11989 freeculture.xml:12354 freeculture.xml:12371 freeculture.xml:12468 freeculture.xml:12688 freeculture.xml:12719 freeculture.xml:12818
+#: freeculture.xml:11993 freeculture.xml:12358 freeculture.xml:12375 freeculture.xml:12472 freeculture.xml:12692 freeculture.xml:12723 freeculture.xml:12822
 msgid "Ayer, Don"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11990
+#: freeculture.xml:11994
 msgid "Bromberg, Dan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11993
+#: freeculture.xml:11997
 msgid ""
 "There were three key lawyers on the case from Jones Day. Geoff Stewart was "
 "the first, but then Dan Bromberg and Don Ayer became quite "
@@ -16680,7 +16684,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12004
+#: freeculture.xml:12008
 msgid ""
 "I hate this view of the law. Of course I thought the Sonny Bono Act was a "
 "dramatic harm to free speech and free culture. Of course I still think it "
@@ -16702,7 +16706,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12025
+#: freeculture.xml:12029
 msgid ""
 "In any case, I thought, the Court must already see the danger and the harm "
 "caused by this sort of law. Why else would they grant review? There was no "
@@ -16713,7 +16717,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 238 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12033
+#: freeculture.xml:12037
 msgid ""
 "There was one way, however, in which I felt politics would matter and in "
 "which I thought a response was appropriate. I was convinced that the Court "
@@ -16732,17 +16736,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12051 freeculture.xml:12078
+#: freeculture.xml:12055 freeculture.xml:12082
 msgid "Eagle Forum"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12052
+#: freeculture.xml:12056
 msgid "Schlafly, Phyllis"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12054
+#: freeculture.xml:12058
 msgid ""
 "The first step happened all by itself. Phyllis Schlafly's organization, "
 "Eagle Forum, had been an opponent of the CTEA from the very beginning.  "
@@ -16759,7 +16763,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12068
+#: freeculture.xml:12072
 msgid ""
 "In the Court of Appeals, Eagle Forum was eager to file a brief supporting "
 "our position. Their brief made the argument that became the core claim in "
@@ -16770,7 +16774,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 239 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12080
+#: freeculture.xml:12084
 msgid ""
 "In the Supreme Court, the briefs on our side were about as diverse as it "
 "gets. They included an extraordinary historical brief by the Free Software "
@@ -16783,17 +16787,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12092
+#: freeculture.xml:12096
 msgid "American Association of Law Libraries"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12093
+#: freeculture.xml:12097
 msgid "National Writers Union"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12095
+#: freeculture.xml:12099
 msgid ""
 "Those briefs framed a legal argument. Then to support the legal argument, "
 "there were a number of powerful briefs by libraries and archives, including "
@@ -16802,7 +16806,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12102
+#: freeculture.xml:12106
 msgid ""
 "But two briefs captured the policy argument best. One made the argument I've "
 "already described: A brief by Hal Roach Studios argued that unless the law "
@@ -16811,32 +16815,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12108
+#: freeculture.xml:12112
 msgid "Akerlof, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12109
+#: freeculture.xml:12113
 msgid "Arrow, Kenneth"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12110
+#: freeculture.xml:12114
 msgid "Buchanan, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12111
+#: freeculture.xml:12115
 msgid "Coase, Ronald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12112
+#: freeculture.xml:12116
 msgid "Friedman, Milton"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12114
+#: freeculture.xml:12118
 msgid ""
 "This economists' brief was signed by seventeen economists, including five "
 "Nobel Prize winners, including Ronald Coase, James Buchanan, Milton "
@@ -16850,28 +16854,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12124 freeculture.xml:12143 freeculture.xml:12356 freeculture.xml:12720
+#: freeculture.xml:12128 freeculture.xml:12147 freeculture.xml:12360 freeculture.xml:12724
 msgid "Fried, Charles"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12125
+#: freeculture.xml:12129
 msgid "Morrison, Alan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12126
+#: freeculture.xml:12130
 msgid "Public Citizen"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12127 freeculture.xml:12355 freeculture.xml:13506
+#: freeculture.xml:12131 freeculture.xml:12359 freeculture.xml:13510
 msgid "Reagan, Ronald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 240 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12130
+#: freeculture.xml:12134
 msgid ""
 "The same effort at balance was reflected in the legal team we gathered to "
 "write our briefs in the case. The Jones Day lawyers had been with us from "
@@ -16885,12 +16889,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12145
+#: freeculture.xml:12149
 msgid "Commerce Clause of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12147
+#: freeculture.xml:12151
 msgid ""
 "Fried was a special victory for our side. Every other former solicitor "
 "general was hired by the other side to defend Congress's power to give media "
@@ -16904,7 +16908,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12159
+#: freeculture.xml:12163
 msgid ""
 "The government, in defending the statute, had its collection of friends, as "
 "well. Significantly, however, none of these <quote>friends</quote> included "
@@ -16914,7 +16918,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12166
+#: freeculture.xml:12170
 msgid ""
 "The media companies were not surprising. They had the most to gain from the "
 "law. The congressmen were not surprising either&mdash;they were defending "
@@ -16925,18 +16929,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12174
+#: freeculture.xml:12178
 msgid "Gershwin, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12175
+#: freeculture.xml:12179
 msgid "Porgy and Bess"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12185
+#: freeculture.xml:12189
 msgid ""
 "Brief of Amici Dr. Seuss Enterprise et al., <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
 "v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S.  (2003) (No. 01-618), 19."
@@ -16944,7 +16948,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12193
+#: freeculture.xml:12197
 msgid ""
 "Dinitia Smith, <quote>Immortal Words, Immortal Royalties? Even Mickey Mouse "
 "Joins the Fray,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 28 March "
@@ -16953,7 +16957,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 241 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12178
+#: freeculture.xml:12182
 msgid ""
 "Dr. Seuss's representatives, for example, argued that it was better for the "
 "Dr. Seuss estate to control what happened to Dr. Seuss's work&mdash; better "
@@ -16970,7 +16974,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12202
+#: freeculture.xml:12206
 msgid ""
 "This argument made clear a theme that is rarely noticed in this debate.  "
 "When Congress decides to extend the term of existing copyrights, Congress is "
@@ -16985,7 +16989,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12214
+#: freeculture.xml:12218
 msgid ""
 "We argued as much in a final brief. Not only would upholding the CTEA mean "
 "that there was no limit to the power of Congress to extend "
@@ -16995,7 +16999,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12221
+#: freeculture.xml:12225
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Between February</emphasis> and October, there was "
 "little I did beyond preparing for this case. Early on, as I said, I set the "
@@ -17003,12 +17007,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12226 freeculture.xml:12413
+#: freeculture.xml:12230 freeculture.xml:12417
 msgid "O'Connor, Sandra Day"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12228
+#: freeculture.xml:12232
 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court was divided into two important camps. One camp we called "
 "<quote>the Conservatives.</quote> The other we called <quote>the "
@@ -17021,18 +17025,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12237 freeculture.xml:12262 freeculture.xml:12615 freeculture.xml:12627
+#: freeculture.xml:12241 freeculture.xml:12266 freeculture.xml:12619 freeculture.xml:12631
 msgid "Breyer, Stephen"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12238 freeculture.xml:12579
+#: freeculture.xml:12242 freeculture.xml:12583
 msgid "Ginsburg, Ruth Bader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 242 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12240
+#: freeculture.xml:12244
 msgid ""
 "The Rest were the four Justices who had strongly opposed limits on "
 "Congress's power. These four&mdash;Justice Stevens, Justice Souter, Justice "
@@ -17045,7 +17049,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12252
+#: freeculture.xml:12256
 msgid ""
 "In particular, the least likely was Justice Ginsburg's. In addition to her "
 "general view about deference to Congress (except where issues of gender are "
@@ -17058,7 +17062,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12264
+#: freeculture.xml:12268
 msgid ""
 "Close behind Justice Ginsburg were two justices whom we also viewed as "
 "unlikely allies, though possible surprises. Justice Souter strongly favored "
@@ -17068,7 +17072,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12273
+#: freeculture.xml:12277
 msgid ""
 "The only vote we could be confident about was that of Justice "
 "Stevens. History will record Justice Stevens as one of the greatest judges "
@@ -17079,7 +17083,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12281
+#: freeculture.xml:12285
 msgid ""
 "This analysis of <quote>the Rest</quote> showed most clearly where our focus "
 "had to be: on the Conservatives. To win this case, we had to crack open "
@@ -17092,7 +17096,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 243 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12291
+#: freeculture.xml:12295
 msgid ""
 "This then was the core of our strategy&mdash;a strategy for which I am "
 "responsible. We would get the Court to see that just as with the "
@@ -17107,7 +17111,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12305
+#: freeculture.xml:12309
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The argument</emphasis> on the government's side "
 "came down to this: Congress has done it before. It should be allowed to do "
@@ -17117,7 +17121,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12313
+#: freeculture.xml:12317
 msgid ""
 "There was some truth to the government's claim, but not much. We certainly "
 "agreed that Congress had extended existing terms in 1831 and in 1909. And of "
@@ -17126,7 +17130,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12320
+#: freeculture.xml:12324
 msgid ""
 "But this <quote>consistency</quote> should be kept in perspective. Congress "
 "extended existing terms once in the first hundred years of the Republic.  It "
@@ -17141,7 +17145,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 244 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12335
+#: freeculture.xml:12339
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Oral argument</emphasis> was scheduled for the first "
 "week in October. I arrived in D.C. two weeks before the argument. During "
@@ -17151,7 +17155,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12345
+#: freeculture.xml:12349
 msgid ""
 "I was convinced that to win, I had to keep the Court focused on a single "
 "point: that if this extension is permitted, then there is no limit to the "
@@ -17162,7 +17166,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12359
+#: freeculture.xml:12363
 msgid ""
 "One moot was before the lawyers at Jones Day. Don Ayer was the skeptic. He "
 "had served in the Reagan Justice Department with Solicitor General Charles "
@@ -17171,7 +17175,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12365
+#: freeculture.xml:12369
 msgid ""
 "<quote>I'm just afraid that unless they really see the harm, they won't be "
 "willing to upset this practice that the government says has been a "
@@ -17181,7 +17185,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12373
+#: freeculture.xml:12377
 msgid ""
 "He may have argued many cases before this Court, I thought, but he didn't "
 "understand its soul. As a clerk, I had seen the Justices do the right "
@@ -17195,7 +17199,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 245 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12383
+#: freeculture.xml:12387
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The night before</emphasis> the argument, a line of "
 "people began to form in front of the Supreme Court. The case had become a "
@@ -17205,7 +17209,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12393
+#: freeculture.xml:12397
 msgid ""
 "Not everyone has to wait in line. People who know the Justices can ask for "
 "seats they control. (I asked Justice Scalia's chambers for seats for my "
@@ -17221,7 +17225,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12408
+#: freeculture.xml:12412
 msgid ""
 "When the Chief Justice called me to begin my argument, I began where I "
 "intended to stay: on the question of the limits on Congress's power. This "
@@ -17230,14 +17234,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12415
+#: freeculture.xml:12419
 msgid ""
 "Justice O'Connor stopped me within one minute of my opening.  The history "
 "was bothering her."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12420
+#: freeculture.xml:12424
 msgid ""
 "justice o'connor: Congress has extended the term so often through the years, "
 "and if you are right, don't we run the risk of upsetting previous extensions "
@@ -17246,7 +17250,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12427
+#: freeculture.xml:12431
 msgid ""
 "She was quite willing to concede <quote>that this flies directly in the face "
 "of what the framers had in mind.</quote> But my response again and again was "
@@ -17255,7 +17259,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 246 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12433
+#: freeculture.xml:12437
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Well, if it flies in the face of what the framers had in mind, "
 "then the question is, is there a way of interpreting their words that gives "
@@ -17263,14 +17267,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12441
+#: freeculture.xml:12445
 msgid ""
 "There were two points in this argument when I should have seen where the "
 "Court was going. The first was a question by Justice Kennedy, who observed,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12447
+#: freeculture.xml:12451
 msgid ""
 "justice kennedy: Well, I suppose implicit in the argument that the '76 act, "
 "too, should have been declared void, and that we might leave it alone "
@@ -17280,14 +17284,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12455
+#: freeculture.xml:12459
 msgid ""
 "Here follows my clear mistake. Like a professor correcting a student, I "
 "answered,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12461
+#: freeculture.xml:12465
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Justice, we are not making an empirical claim at all.  Nothing "
 "in our Copyright Clause claim hangs upon the empirical assertion about "
@@ -17297,7 +17301,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12470
+#: freeculture.xml:12474
 msgid ""
 "That was a correct answer, but it wasn't the right answer. The right answer "
 "was instead that there was an obvious and profound harm. Any number of "
@@ -17307,7 +17311,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12477
+#: freeculture.xml:12481
 msgid ""
 "The second came from the Chief, for whom the whole case had been "
 "crafted. For the Chief Justice had crafted the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> "
@@ -17316,21 +17320,21 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 247 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12482
+#: freeculture.xml:12486
 msgid ""
 "It was clear a second into his question that he wasn't at all sympathetic.  "
 "To him, we were a bunch of anarchists. As he asked:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12489
+#: freeculture.xml:12493
 msgid ""
 "chief justice: Well, but you want more than that. You want the right to copy "
 "verbatim other people's books, don't you?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12493
+#: freeculture.xml:12497
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: We want the right to copy verbatim works that should be in the "
 "public domain and would be in the public domain but for a statute that "
@@ -17339,12 +17343,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12501
+#: freeculture.xml:12505
 msgid "Olson, Theodore B."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12503
+#: freeculture.xml:12507
 msgid ""
 "Things went better for us when the government gave its argument; for now the "
 "Court picked up on the core of our claim. As Justice Scalia asked Solicitor "
@@ -17352,7 +17356,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12509
+#: freeculture.xml:12513
 msgid ""
 "justice scalia: You say that the functional equivalent of an unlimited time "
 "would be a violation [of the Constitution], but that's precisely the "
@@ -17361,7 +17365,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12517
+#: freeculture.xml:12521
 msgid ""
 "When Olson was finished, it was my turn to give a closing rebuttal.  Olson's "
 "flailing had revived my anger. But my anger still was directed to the "
@@ -17377,7 +17381,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 248 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12530
+#: freeculture.xml:12534
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>As I left</emphasis> the court that day, I knew "
 "there were a hundred points I wished I could remake. There were a hundred "
@@ -17386,7 +17390,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12539
+#: freeculture.xml:12543
 msgid ""
 "The government had been asked over and over again, what is the limit? Over "
 "and over again, it had answered there is no limit. This was precisely the "
@@ -17403,7 +17407,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12554
+#: freeculture.xml:12558
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The morning</emphasis> of January 15, 2003, I was "
 "five minutes late to the office and missed the 7:00 A.M. call from the "
@@ -17414,7 +17418,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12562
+#: freeculture.xml:12566
 msgid ""
 "A few seconds later, the opinions arrived by e-mail. I took the phone off "
 "the hook, posted an announcement to our blog, and sat down to see where I "
@@ -17422,7 +17426,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12567
+#: freeculture.xml:12571
 msgid ""
 "My <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. Here was a case that pitted all the money "
 "in the world against <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. And here was the last "
@@ -17430,7 +17434,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12573
+#: freeculture.xml:12577
 msgid ""
 "I first scoured the opinion, looking for how the Court would distinguish the "
 "principle in this case from the principle in "
@@ -17441,7 +17445,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 249 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12583
+#: freeculture.xml:12587
 msgid ""
 "Justice Ginsburg simply ignored the enumerated powers argument.  Consistent "
 "with her view that Congress's power was not limited generally, she had found "
@@ -17449,7 +17453,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12588
+#: freeculture.xml:12592
 msgid ""
 "Her opinion was perfectly reasonable&mdash;for her, and for Justice "
 "Souter. Neither believes in <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. It would be too "
@@ -17458,7 +17462,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12594
+#: freeculture.xml:12598
 msgid ""
 "But as I realized what had happened, I couldn't quite believe what I was "
 "reading. I had said there was no way this Court could reconcile limited "
@@ -17472,7 +17476,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12605
+#: freeculture.xml:12609
 msgid ""
 "Yet by what right did they get to choose which of the framers' values they "
 "would respect? By what right did they&mdash;the silent five&mdash;get to "
@@ -17485,7 +17489,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12617
+#: freeculture.xml:12621
 msgid ""
 "Justices Breyer and Stevens wrote very strong dissents. Stevens's opinion "
 "was crafted internal to the law: He argued that the tradition of "
@@ -17500,7 +17504,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 250 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12630
+#: freeculture.xml:12634
 msgid ""
 "Justice Breyer's opinion, perhaps the best opinion he has ever written, was "
 "external to the Constitution. He argued that the term of copyrights has "
@@ -17514,7 +17518,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12641
+#: freeculture.xml:12645
 msgid ""
 "These two justices understood all the arguments we had made. But because "
 "neither believed in the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> case, neither was "
@@ -17525,7 +17529,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12648
+#: freeculture.xml:12652
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Defeat brings depression</emphasis>. They say it is "
 "a sign of health when depression gives way to anger. My anger came quickly, "
@@ -17533,12 +17537,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12653
+#: freeculture.xml:12657
 msgid "originalism"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12655
+#: freeculture.xml:12659
 msgid ""
 "It was first anger with the five <quote>Conservatives.</quote> It would have "
 "been one thing for them to have explained why the principle of "
@@ -17556,7 +17560,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 251 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12668
+#: freeculture.xml:12672
 msgid ""
 "Here, they had joined an opinion that never once tried to explain what the "
 "framers had meant by crafting the Progress Clause as they did; they joined "
@@ -17571,7 +17575,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12683
+#: freeculture.xml:12687
 msgid ""
 "My anger with the Conservatives quickly yielded to anger with myself.  For I "
 "had let a view of the law that I liked interfere with a view of the law as "
@@ -17579,7 +17583,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12690
+#: freeculture.xml:12694
 msgid ""
 "Most lawyers, and most law professors, have little patience for idealism "
 "about courts in general and this Supreme Court in particular.  Most have a "
@@ -17594,7 +17598,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 252 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12701
+#: freeculture.xml:12705
 msgid ""
 "As I read back over the transcript from that argument in October, I can see "
 "a hundred places where the answers could have taken the conversation in "
@@ -17613,7 +17617,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12722
+#: freeculture.xml:12726
 msgid ""
 "Would it have been different if I had argued it differently? Would it have "
 "been different if Don Ayer had argued it? Or Charles Fried? Or Kathleen "
@@ -17621,7 +17625,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12727
+#: freeculture.xml:12731
 msgid ""
 "My friends huddled around me to insist it would not. The Court was not "
 "ready, my friends insisted. This was a loss that was destined. It would take "
@@ -17630,7 +17634,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12733
+#: freeculture.xml:12737
 msgid ""
 "Maybe, but I doubt it. These Justices have no financial interest in doing "
 "anything except the right thing. They are not lobbied. They have little "
@@ -17640,7 +17644,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12741
+#: freeculture.xml:12745
 msgid ""
 "And even if I couldn't, then that doesn't excuse what happened in "
 "January. For at the start of this case, one of America's leading "
@@ -17650,7 +17654,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12748
+#: freeculture.xml:12752
 msgid ""
 "After the argument and after the decision, Peter said to me, and publicly, "
 "that he was wrong. But if indeed that Court could not have been persuaded, "
@@ -17663,7 +17667,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 253 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12757
+#: freeculture.xml:12761
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>While the reaction</emphasis> to the Sonny Bono Act "
 "itself was almost unanimously negative, the reaction to the Court's decision "
@@ -17677,7 +17681,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12772
+#: freeculture.xml:12776
 msgid ""
 "In effect, the Supreme Court's decision makes it likely that we are seeing "
 "the beginning of the end of public domain and the birth of copyright "
@@ -17688,12 +17692,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12787 freeculture.xml:12792
+#: freeculture.xml:12791 freeculture.xml:12796
 msgid "Bolling, Ruben"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12781
+#: freeculture.xml:12785
 msgid ""
 "The best responses were in the cartoons. There was a gaggle of hilarious "
 "images&mdash;of Mickey in jail and the like. The best, from my view of the "
@@ -17704,14 +17708,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:12791
+#: freeculture.xml:12795
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/tom-the-dancing-bug.png\" align=\"center\" "
 "width=\"100%\"></graphic> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12795
+#: freeculture.xml:12799
 msgid ""
 "The image that will always stick in my head is that evoked by the quote from "
 "<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>. That <quote>grand "
@@ -17724,12 +17728,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12806
+#: freeculture.xml:12810
 msgid "Chapter Fourteen: Eldred II"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12808
+#: freeculture.xml:12812
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The day</emphasis> <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was "
 "decided, fate would have it that I was to travel to Washington, D.C. (The "
@@ -17742,7 +17746,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12820
+#: freeculture.xml:12824
 msgid ""
 "It was an act of contrition. During the whole of the flight from San "
 "Francisco to Washington, I had heard over and over again in my head the same "
@@ -17756,7 +17760,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 256 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12830
+#: freeculture.xml:12834
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle> published the piece. In it, I "
 "proposed a simple fix: Fifty years after a work has been published, the "
@@ -17766,7 +17770,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12838
+#: freeculture.xml:12842
 msgid ""
 "We called this the Eldred Act, but that was just to give it a name.  Eric "
 "Eldred was kind enough to let his name be used once again, but as he said "
@@ -17774,7 +17778,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12843
+#: freeculture.xml:12847
 msgid ""
 "Or another two names. For depending upon your perspective, this is either "
 "the <quote>Public Domain Enhancement Act</quote> or the <quote>Copyright "
@@ -17786,12 +17790,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12851 freeculture.xml:13052
+#: freeculture.xml:12855 freeculture.xml:13056
 msgid "Forbes, Steve"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12853
+#: freeculture.xml:12857
 msgid ""
 "The reaction to this idea was amazingly strong. Steve Forbes endorsed it in "
 "an editorial. I received an avalanche of e-mail and letters expressing "
@@ -17805,7 +17809,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12865
+#: freeculture.xml:12869
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, many recognized the obvious benefit of the registration "
 "requirement.  For one of the hardest things about the current system for "
@@ -17818,22 +17822,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12875
+#: freeculture.xml:12879
 msgid "Berlin Act (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12876 freeculture.xml:12917
+#: freeculture.xml:12880 freeculture.xml:12921
 msgid "Berne Convention (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12884
+#: freeculture.xml:12888
 msgid "German copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12884
+#: freeculture.xml:12888
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Until the 1908 Berlin Act of the "
 "Berne Convention, national copyright legislation sometimes made protection "
@@ -17856,7 +17860,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12879
+#: freeculture.xml:12883
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, formalities in copyright law were removed in 1976, "
@@ -17871,7 +17875,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12911
+#: freeculture.xml:12915
 msgid ""
 "That's great rhetoric. It sounds wonderfully romantic. But it is absurd "
 "copyright policy. It is absurd especially for authors, because a world "
@@ -17881,7 +17885,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12919
+#: freeculture.xml:12923
 msgid ""
 "The fight against formalities achieved its first real victory in Berlin in "
 "1908. International copyright lawyers amended the Berne Convention in 1908, "
@@ -17894,7 +17898,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12929
+#: freeculture.xml:12933
 msgid ""
 "These complaints were real and sensible. And the strictness of the "
 "formalities, especially in the United States, was absurd. The law should "
@@ -17905,7 +17909,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12937
+#: freeculture.xml:12941
 msgid ""
 "Even that would have been resisted, however, because registration in the "
 "nineteenth and twentieth centuries was still expensive. It was also a "
@@ -17916,7 +17920,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 258 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12945
+#: freeculture.xml:12949
 msgid ""
 "In addition to the practical complaint of authors in 1908, there was a moral "
 "claim as well. There was no reason that creative property should be a "
@@ -17928,7 +17932,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12957
+#: freeculture.xml:12961
 msgid ""
 "This argument is correct, but its implications are misleading. For the "
 "argument in favor of formalities does not depend upon creative property "
@@ -17939,7 +17943,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12966
+#: freeculture.xml:12970
 msgid ""
 "No one thinks, for example, that land is second-class property just because "
 "you have to register a deed with a court if your sale of land is to be "
@@ -17957,7 +17961,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12982
+#: freeculture.xml:12986
 msgid ""
 "It is similarly special physics that makes formalities important in "
 "copyright law. Unlike a carpenter's table, there's nothing in nature that "
@@ -17972,7 +17976,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12997
+#: freeculture.xml:13001
 msgid ""
 "This was the understanding of the problem with the Sonny Bono Act that we "
 "tried to demonstrate to the Court. This was the part it didn't "
@@ -17985,7 +17989,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13007
+#: freeculture.xml:13011
 msgid ""
 "But now that copyrights can be just about a century long, the inability to "
 "know what is protected and what is not protected becomes a huge and obvious "
@@ -17997,7 +18001,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13016
+#: freeculture.xml:13020
 msgid ""
 "The Eldred Act was designed to respond to exactly this problem. If it is "
 "worth $1 to you, then register your work and you can get the longer "
@@ -18007,7 +18011,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13023
+#: freeculture.xml:13027
 msgid ""
 "If it isn't worth it to you to register to get the benefit of an extended "
 "term, then it shouldn't be worth it for the government to defend your "
@@ -18017,7 +18021,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13030
+#: freeculture.xml:13034
 msgid ""
 "Some worry about the burden on authors. Won't the burden of registering the "
 "work mean that the $1 is really misleading? Isn't the hassle worth more than "
@@ -18026,7 +18030,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 260 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13036
+#: freeculture.xml:13040
 msgid ""
 "It is. The hassle is terrible. The system that exists now is awful. I "
 "completely agree that the Copyright Office has done a terrible job (no doubt "
@@ -18044,7 +18048,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13054
+#: freeculture.xml:13058
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>When Steve Forbes</emphasis> endorsed the idea, some "
 "in Washington began to pay attention. Many people contacted me pointing to "
@@ -18054,12 +18058,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13060
+#: freeculture.xml:13064
 msgid "Lofgren, Zoe"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13062
+#: freeculture.xml:13066
 msgid ""
 "One representative, Zoe Lofgren of California, went so far as to get the "
 "bill drafted. The draft solved any problem with international law. It "
@@ -18070,7 +18074,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13071
+#: freeculture.xml:13075
 msgid ""
 "But at this stage, the lobbyists began to intervene. Jack Valenti and the "
 "MPAA general counsel came to the congresswoman's office to give the view of "
@@ -18082,7 +18086,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 261 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13079
+#: freeculture.xml:13083
 msgid ""
 "The MPAA argued first that Congress had <quote>firmly rejected the central "
 "concept in the proposed bill</quote>&mdash;that copyrights be renewed. That "
@@ -18104,7 +18108,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13100
+#: freeculture.xml:13104
 msgid ""
 "Finally, the MPAA argued that existing law enabled copyright owners to do "
 "this if they wanted. But the whole point is that there are thousands of "
@@ -18115,7 +18119,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13108
+#: freeculture.xml:13112
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>At the beginning</emphasis> of this book, I told two "
 "stories about the law reacting to changes in technology. In the one, common "
@@ -18128,7 +18132,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13118
+#: freeculture.xml:13122
 msgid ""
 "I used these two cases as a way to frame the war that this book has been "
 "about. For here, too, a new technology is forcing the law to react.  And "
@@ -18138,7 +18142,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 262 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13127
+#: freeculture.xml:13131
 msgid ""
 "When the issue is piracy, it is right for the law to back the copyright "
 "owners. The commercial piracy that I described is wrong and harmful, and the "
@@ -18152,12 +18156,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13137
+#: freeculture.xml:13141
 msgid "Kelly, Kevin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13139
+#: freeculture.xml:13143
 msgid ""
 "But when the copyright owners oppose a proposal such as the Eldred Act, "
 "then, finally, there is an example that lays bare the naked selfinterest "
@@ -18170,12 +18174,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13149
+#: freeculture.xml:13153
 msgid "What does this industry really want?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13152
+#: freeculture.xml:13156
 msgid ""
 "With very little effort, the warriors could protect their content. So the "
 "effort to block something like the Eldred Act is not really about protecting "
@@ -18188,7 +18192,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13163
+#: freeculture.xml:13167
 msgid ""
 "The opposition to the Eldred Act reveals how extreme the other side is. The "
 "most powerful and sexy and well loved of lobbies really has as its aim not "
@@ -18199,7 +18203,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 263 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13171
+#: freeculture.xml:13175
 msgid ""
 "It is not hard to understand why the warriors take this view. It is not hard "
 "to see why it would benefit them if the competition of the public domain "
@@ -18210,7 +18214,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13183
+#: freeculture.xml:13187
 msgid ""
 "What is hard to understand is why the public takes this view. It is as if "
 "the law made airplanes trespassers. The MPAA stands with the Causbys and "
@@ -18220,7 +18224,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13190
+#: freeculture.xml:13194
 msgid ""
 "All this seems to follow easily from this untroubled acceptance of the "
 "<quote>property</quote> in intellectual property. Common sense supports it, "
@@ -18232,47 +18236,47 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13202
+#: freeculture.xml:13206
 msgid "Conclusion"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13203
+#: freeculture.xml:13207
 msgid "Africa, medications for HIV patients in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13204
+#: freeculture.xml:13208
 msgid "AIDS medications"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13205
+#: freeculture.xml:13209
 msgid "antiretroviral drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13206
+#: freeculture.xml:13210
 msgid "developing countries, foreign patent costs in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13207 freeculture.xml:13721
+#: freeculture.xml:13211 freeculture.xml:13725
 msgid "drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13207 freeculture.xml:13721
+#: freeculture.xml:13211 freeculture.xml:13725
 msgid "pharmaceutical"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13208
+#: freeculture.xml:13212
 msgid "HIV/AIDS therapies"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13210
+#: freeculture.xml:13214
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There are more</emphasis> than 35 million people "
 "with the AIDS virus worldwide. Twenty-five million of them live in "
@@ -18282,7 +18286,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13217
+#: freeculture.xml:13221
 msgid ""
 "There is no cure for AIDS, but there are drugs to slow its progression.  "
 "These antiretroviral therapies are still experimental, but they have already "
@@ -18293,7 +18297,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13232
+#: freeculture.xml:13236
 msgid ""
 "Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, <quote>Final Report: Integrating "
 "Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy</quote> (London, 2002), "
@@ -18304,7 +18308,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13225
+#: freeculture.xml:13229
 msgid ""
 "These drugs are expensive. When they were first introduced in the United "
 "States, they cost between $10,000 and $15,000 per person per year. Today, "
@@ -18316,18 +18320,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13241 freeculture.xml:13723
+#: freeculture.xml:13245 freeculture.xml:13727
 msgid "on pharmaceuticals"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13242
+#: freeculture.xml:13246
 msgid "pharmaceutical patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 265 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13245
+#: freeculture.xml:13249
 msgid ""
 "These prices are not high because the ingredients of the drugs are "
 "expensive. These prices are high because the drugs are protected by "
@@ -18338,7 +18342,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13253
+#: freeculture.xml:13257
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are skeptical of patents, especially drug patents. I am "
 "not. Indeed, of all the areas of research that might be supported by "
@@ -18351,7 +18355,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13264
+#: freeculture.xml:13268
 msgid ""
 "But it is one thing to support patents, even drug patents. It is another "
 "thing to determine how best to deal with a crisis. And as African leaders "
@@ -18361,27 +18365,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13270
+#: freeculture.xml:13274
 msgid "international law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13271
+#: freeculture.xml:13275
 msgid "parallel importation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13272
+#: freeculture.xml:13276
 msgid "South Africa, Republic of, pharmaceutical imports by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13285 freeculture.xml:13779
+#: freeculture.xml:13289 freeculture.xml:13783
 msgid "Braithwaite, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13283
+#: freeculture.xml:13287
 msgid ""
 "See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism: "
 "Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New Press, 2003), "
@@ -18390,7 +18394,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13274
+#: freeculture.xml:13278
 msgid ""
 "In 1997, South Africa tried one tack. It passed a law to allow the "
 "importation of patented medicines that had been produced or sold in another "
@@ -18402,13 +18406,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13289
+#: freeculture.xml:13293
 msgid "United States Trade Representative (USTR)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13297
+#: freeculture.xml:13301
 msgid ""
 "International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
 "Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
@@ -18423,7 +18427,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13324
+#: freeculture.xml:13328
 msgid ""
 "International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
 "Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
@@ -18432,7 +18436,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13291
+#: freeculture.xml:13295
 msgid ""
 "However, the United States government opposed the bill. Indeed, more than "
 "opposed. As the International Intellectual Property Association "
@@ -18455,7 +18459,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13331
+#: freeculture.xml:13335
 msgid ""
 "We should place the intervention by the United States in context.  No doubt "
 "patents are not the most important reason that Africans don't have access to "
@@ -18467,7 +18471,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13341
+#: freeculture.xml:13345
 msgid ""
 "By stopping the flow of HIV treatment into Africa, the United States "
 "government was not saving drugs for United States citizens.  This is not "
@@ -18478,7 +18482,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13349
+#: freeculture.xml:13353
 msgid ""
 "Nor was the intervention by the United States going to protect the profits "
 "of United States drug companies&mdash;at least, not substantially. It was "
@@ -18492,7 +18496,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  f5. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 333 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13364
+#: freeculture.xml:13368
 msgid ""
 "See Sabin Russell, <quote>New Crusade to Lower AIDS Drug Costs: Africa's "
 "Needs at Odds with Firms' Profit Motive,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco "
@@ -18510,7 +18514,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13358
+#: freeculture.xml:13362
 msgid ""
 "Instead, the argument in favor of restricting this flow of information, "
 "which was needed to save the lives of millions, was an argument about the "
@@ -18522,7 +18526,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13386
+#: freeculture.xml:13390
 msgid ""
 "Now just step back for a moment. There will be a time thirty years from now "
 "when our children look back at us and ask, how could we have let this "
@@ -18535,12 +18539,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13395
+#: freeculture.xml:13399
 msgid "in pharmaceutical industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13397
+#: freeculture.xml:13401
 msgid ""
 "Some blame the drug companies. I don't. They are corporations.  Their "
 "managers are ordered by law to make money for the corporation.  They push a "
@@ -18551,7 +18555,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13405
+#: freeculture.xml:13409
 msgid ""
 "The corruption is our own politicians' failure of integrity. For the drug "
 "companies would love&mdash;they say, and I believe them&mdash;to sell their "
@@ -18562,13 +18566,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13412
+#: freeculture.xml:13416
 msgid "of drug patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 268 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13414
+#: freeculture.xml:13418
 msgid ""
 "A different problem, however, could not be overcome. This is the fear of the "
 "grandstanding politician who would call the presidents of the drug companies "
@@ -18585,7 +18589,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13436
+#: freeculture.xml:13440
 msgid ""
 "So when the common sense of your child confronts you, what will you say? "
 "When the common sense of a generation finally revolts against what we have "
@@ -18593,7 +18597,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13442
+#: freeculture.xml:13446
 msgid ""
 "A sensible patent policy could endorse and strongly support the patent "
 "system without having to reach everyone everywhere in exactly the same "
@@ -18607,7 +18611,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13457
+#: freeculture.xml:13461
 msgid ""
 "But we as a culture have lost this sense of balance. We have lost the "
 "critical eye that helps us see the difference between truth and extremism.  "
@@ -18619,7 +18623,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 269 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13466
+#: freeculture.xml:13470
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>A simple idea</emphasis> blinds us, and under the "
 "cover of darkness, much happens that most of us would reject if any of us "
@@ -18634,7 +18638,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13480
+#: freeculture.xml:13484
 msgid ""
 "So far, common sense sleeps. There is no revolt. Common sense does not yet "
 "see what there could be to revolt about. The extremism that now dominates "
@@ -18651,68 +18655,68 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13493 freeculture.xml:14269
+#: freeculture.xml:13497 freeculture.xml:14273
 msgid "academic journals"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13494 freeculture.xml:13507
+#: freeculture.xml:13498 freeculture.xml:13511
 msgid "biomedical research"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13495 freeculture.xml:13665
+#: freeculture.xml:13499 freeculture.xml:13669
 msgid "international organization on issues of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13497 freeculture.xml:13614 freeculture.xml:14188
+#: freeculture.xml:13501 freeculture.xml:13618 freeculture.xml:14192
 msgid "IBM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13498 freeculture.xml:14335
+#: freeculture.xml:13502 freeculture.xml:14339
 msgid "PLoS (Public Library of Science)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13499 freeculture.xml:14336
+#: freeculture.xml:13503 freeculture.xml:14340
 msgid "Public Library of Science (PLoS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13500
+#: freeculture.xml:13504
 msgid "public projects in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13501
+#: freeculture.xml:13505
 msgid "single nucleotied polymorphisms (SNPs)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13502
+#: freeculture.xml:13506
 msgid "Wellcome Trust"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13503 freeculture.xml:13666
+#: freeculture.xml:13507 freeculture.xml:13670
 msgid "World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13504
+#: freeculture.xml:13508
 msgid "World Wide Web"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13505
+#: freeculture.xml:13509
 msgid "Global Positioning System"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13512
+#: freeculture.xml:13516
 msgid ""
 "Jonathan Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink "
@@ -18728,7 +18732,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 270 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13509
+#: freeculture.xml:13513
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In August 2003</emphasis>, a fight broke out in the "
 "United States about a decision by the World Intellectual Property "
@@ -18753,7 +18757,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13545
+#: freeculture.xml:13549
 msgid ""
 "The aim of the meeting was to consider this wide range of projects from one "
 "common perspective: that none of these projects relied upon intellectual "
@@ -18763,20 +18767,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13551
+#: freeculture.xml:13555
 msgid "in international debate on intellectual property"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13554
+#: freeculture.xml:13558
 msgid ""
 "I should disclose that I was one of the people who asked WIPO for the "
 "meeting."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13553
+#: freeculture.xml:13557
 msgid ""
 "From the perspective of this book, then, the conference was "
 "ideal.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The projects within its "
@@ -18787,13 +18791,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13563 freeculture.xml:13720
+#: freeculture.xml:13567 freeculture.xml:13724
 msgid "World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 271 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13565
+#: freeculture.xml:13569
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, I was once publicly scolded for not recognizing this fact about "
 "WIPO. In February 2003, I delivered a keynote address to a preparatory "
@@ -18817,7 +18821,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13589
+#: freeculture.xml:13593
 msgid ""
 "So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I had "
 "thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus the "
@@ -18826,17 +18830,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13598 freeculture.xml:15335
+#: freeculture.xml:13602 freeculture.xml:15339
 msgid "Apple Corporation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13599
+#: freeculture.xml:13603
 msgid "on free software"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13601
+#: freeculture.xml:13605
 msgid ""
 "But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, at "
 "least among lobbyists. That project is <quote>open source and free "
@@ -18850,13 +18854,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13611
+#: freeculture.xml:13615
 msgid "<quote>copyleft</quote> licenses"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13627
+#: freeculture.xml:13631
 msgid ""
 "Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
 "sophisticated.  As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with "
@@ -18877,7 +18881,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13616
+#: freeculture.xml:13620
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make clear "
 "that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial "
@@ -18892,18 +18896,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13645
+#: freeculture.xml:13649
 msgid "General Public License (GPL)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13646
+#: freeculture.xml:13650
 msgid "GPL (General Public License)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 272 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13648
+#: freeculture.xml:13652
 msgid ""
 "More important for our purposes, to support <quote>open source and free "
 "software</quote> is not to oppose copyright. <quote>Open source and free "
@@ -18921,25 +18925,25 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13667
+#: freeculture.xml:13671
 msgid "Krim, Jonathan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13668
+#: freeculture.xml:13672
 msgid "WIPO meeting opposed by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13678
+#: freeculture.xml:13682
 msgid ""
 "Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> available at <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13670
+#: freeculture.xml:13674
 msgid ""
 "It is therefore understandable that as a proprietary software developer, "
 "Microsoft would oppose this WIPO meeting, and understandable that it would "
@@ -18952,7 +18956,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13684
+#: freeculture.xml:13688
 msgid ""
 "I don't blame Microsoft for doing what it can to advance its own interests, "
 "consistent with the law. And lobbying governments is plainly consistent with "
@@ -18962,17 +18966,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13692 freeculture.xml:13751
+#: freeculture.xml:13696 freeculture.xml:13755
 msgid "Boland, Lois"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13693
+#: freeculture.xml:13697
 msgid "Patent and Trademark Office, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13695
+#: freeculture.xml:13699
 msgid ""
 "What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing "
 "the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting director of "
@@ -18984,12 +18988,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13706
+#: freeculture.xml:13710
 msgid "These statements are astonishing on a number of levels."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13711
+#: freeculture.xml:13715
 msgid ""
 "First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and free "
 "software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right called "
@@ -19002,12 +19006,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13722
+#: freeculture.xml:13726
 msgid "generic drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13725
+#: freeculture.xml:13729
 msgid ""
 "Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to "
 "<quote>promote</quote> intellectual property maximally? As I had been "
@@ -19023,7 +19027,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13739
+#: freeculture.xml:13743
 msgid ""
 "Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize "
 "intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property rights "
@@ -19039,7 +19043,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 274 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13753
+#: freeculture.xml:13757
 msgid ""
 "When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting "
 "<quote>which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,</quote> "
@@ -19053,17 +19057,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13764
+#: freeculture.xml:13768
 msgid "feudal system"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13765
+#: freeculture.xml:13769
 msgid "feudal system of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13767
+#: freeculture.xml:13771
 msgid ""
 "There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in the "
 "Anglo-American tradition. It is called <quote>feudalism.</quote> Under "
@@ -19077,14 +19081,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13784
+#: freeculture.xml:13788
 msgid ""
 "See Drahos with Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism</citetitle>, "
 "210&ndash;20.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13781
+#: freeculture.xml:13785
 msgid ""
 "As Peter Drahos and John Braithwaite relate, this is precisely the choice we "
 "are now making about intellectual property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -19095,7 +19099,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13795
+#: freeculture.xml:13799
 msgid ""
 "When this battle broke, I blogged it. A spirited debate within the comment "
 "section ensued. Ms. Boland had a number of supporters who tried to show why "
@@ -19105,7 +19109,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 275 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13804
+#: freeculture.xml:13808
 msgid ""
 "George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it "
 "should be (<quote>the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should "
@@ -19118,7 +19122,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13816
+#: freeculture.xml:13820
 msgid ""
 "I missed the irony the first time I read it. I read it quickly and thought "
 "the poster was supporting the idea that seeking balance was what our "
@@ -19131,7 +19135,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13827
+#: freeculture.xml:13831
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea.  Instead, the "
 "poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the "
@@ -19143,7 +19147,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13835
+#: freeculture.xml:13839
 msgid ""
 "I understand criticism of academic utopianism. I think utopianism is silly, "
 "too, and I'd be the first to poke fun at the absurdly unrealistic ideals of "
@@ -19151,7 +19155,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13841
+#: freeculture.xml:13845
 msgid ""
 "But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government "
 "should be to <quote>seek balance,</quote> then count me with the silly, for "
@@ -19166,7 +19170,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 276 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13852
+#: freeculture.xml:13856
 msgid ""
 "It might be crazy to expect a high government official to speak the "
 "truth. It might be crazy to believe that government policy will be something "
@@ -19176,17 +19180,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13861
+#: freeculture.xml:13865
 msgid "If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13865
+#: freeculture.xml:13869
 msgid "Turner, Ted"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13867
+#: freeculture.xml:13871
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There are moments</emphasis> of hope in this "
 "struggle. And moments that surprise. When the FCC was considering relaxing "
@@ -19200,7 +19204,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13878
+#: freeculture.xml:13882
 msgid ""
 "This activism did not stop the FCC, but soon after, a broad coalition in the "
 "Senate voted to reverse the FCC decision. The hostile hearings leading up to "
@@ -19210,7 +19214,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13886
+#: freeculture.xml:13890
 msgid ""
 "But even this movement misses an important piece of the puzzle.  Largeness "
 "as such is not bad. Freedom is not threatened just because some become very "
@@ -19220,7 +19224,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13893
+#: freeculture.xml:13897
 msgid ""
 "The danger in media concentration comes not from the concentration, but "
 "instead from the feudalism that this concentration, tied to the change in "
@@ -19232,7 +19236,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13903
+#: freeculture.xml:13907
 msgid ""
 "It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand competition "
 "and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as being about "
@@ -19242,7 +19246,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13910
+#: freeculture.xml:13914
 msgid ""
 "It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal number "
 "could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within the idea of "
@@ -19253,20 +19257,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13918
+#: freeculture.xml:13922
 msgid ""
 "If we were Achilles, this would be our heel. This would be the place of our "
 "tragedy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13921
+#: freeculture.xml:13925
 msgid "Dylan, Bob"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13927
+#: freeculture.xml:13931
 msgid ""
 "John Borland, <quote>RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,</quote> CNET News.com, "
 "September 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -19285,7 +19289,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13945
+#: freeculture.xml:13949
 msgid ""
 "Jon Wiederhorn, <quote>Eminem Gets Sued &hellip; by a Little Old "
 "Lady,</quote> mtv.com, 17 September 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -19295,7 +19299,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  f13. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 334 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13952
+#: freeculture.xml:13956
 msgid ""
 "Kenji Hall, Associated Press, <quote>Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for "
 "Dylan Songs,</quote> Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -19303,7 +19307,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13923
+#: freeculture.xml:13927
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>As I write</emphasis> these final words, the news is "
 "filled with stories about the RIAA lawsuits against almost three hundred "
@@ -19323,33 +19327,33 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13969
+#: freeculture.xml:13973
 msgid "BBC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13970
+#: freeculture.xml:13974
 msgid "Brazil, free culture in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13971 freeculture.xml:14366
+#: freeculture.xml:13975 freeculture.xml:14370
 msgid "Creative Commons"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13972
+#: freeculture.xml:13976
 msgid "Gil, Gilberto"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13973
+#: freeculture.xml:13977
 msgid "public creative archive in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13978
+#: freeculture.xml:13982
 msgid ""
 "<quote>BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,</quote> BBC press "
 "release, 24 August 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -19358,7 +19362,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13987
+#: freeculture.xml:13991
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Creative Commons and Brazil,</quote> Creative Commons Weblog, 6 "
 "August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
@@ -19367,7 +19371,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 278 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13975
+#: freeculture.xml:13979
 msgid ""
 "Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it "
 "will build a <quote>Creative Archive,</quote> from which British citizens "
@@ -19386,25 +19390,25 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 279 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14001
+#: freeculture.xml:14005
 msgid ""
 "Common sense must revolt. It must act to free culture. Soon, if this "
 "potential is ever to be realized."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14009
+#: freeculture.xml:14013
 msgid "Afterword"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14010 freeculture.xml:14044
+#: freeculture.xml:14014 freeculture.xml:14048
 msgid "voluntary reform efforts on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 280 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14014
+#: freeculture.xml:14018
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>At least some</emphasis> who have read this far will "
 "agree with me that something must be done to change where we are "
@@ -19412,7 +19416,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14019
+#: freeculture.xml:14023
 msgid ""
 "I divide this map into two parts: that which anyone can do now, and that "
 "which requires the help of lawmakers. If there is one lesson that we can "
@@ -19421,7 +19425,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14025
+#: freeculture.xml:14029
 msgid ""
 "That means this movement must begin in the streets. It must recruit a "
 "significant number of parents, teachers, librarians, creators, authors, "
@@ -19430,7 +19434,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14034
+#: freeculture.xml:14038
 msgid ""
 "Once this movement has its effect in the streets, it has some hope of having "
 "an effect in Washington. We are still a democracy. What people think "
@@ -19440,12 +19444,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14043
+#: freeculture.xml:14047
 msgid "Us, now"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14046
+#: freeculture.xml:14050
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Common sense</emphasis> is with the copyright "
 "warriors because the debate so far has been framed at the extremes&mdash;as "
@@ -19455,7 +19459,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14053
+#: freeculture.xml:14057
 msgid ""
 "The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in "
 "this debate, but the extremes are not all that there is. There are those who "
@@ -19468,13 +19472,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14063
+#: freeculture.xml:14067
 msgid "initial free character of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 282 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14065
+#: freeculture.xml:14069
 msgid ""
 "When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively "
 "tilted in the <quote>no rights reserved</quote> direction. Content could be "
@@ -19486,7 +19490,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14077
+#: freeculture.xml:14081
 msgid ""
 "This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) "
 "by copyright owners. That reaction has been the topic of this book. Through "
@@ -19503,7 +19507,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14093
+#: freeculture.xml:14097
 msgid ""
 "What's needed is a way to say something in the middle&mdash;neither "
 "<quote>all rights reserved</quote> nor <quote>no rights reserved</quote> but "
@@ -19514,22 +19518,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14101
+#: freeculture.xml:14105
 msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14102
+#: freeculture.xml:14106
 msgid "restoration efforts on previous aspects of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14104
+#: freeculture.xml:14108
 msgid "privacy rights"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14106
+#: freeculture.xml:14110
 msgid ""
 "If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will "
 "recognize this problem from other contexts. Think about privacy. Before the "
@@ -19541,12 +19545,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14116
+#: freeculture.xml:14120
 msgid "What made it assured?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14120
+#: freeculture.xml:14124
 msgid ""
 "Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter <xref "
 "xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, your privacy was "
@@ -19564,22 +19568,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14135
+#: freeculture.xml:14139
 msgid "Amazon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14136
+#: freeculture.xml:14140
 msgid "cookies, Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14137
+#: freeculture.xml:14141
 msgid "privacy protection on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14139
+#: freeculture.xml:14143
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has "
 "become quite tiny. If you're a customer at Amazon, then as you browse the "
@@ -19592,12 +19596,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14148
+#: freeculture.xml:14152
 msgid "privacy rights in use of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14150
+#: freeculture.xml:14154
 msgid ""
 "Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about "
 "libraries. If you're one of those crazy lefties who thinks that people "
@@ -19610,7 +19614,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14168
+#: freeculture.xml:14172
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, <quote>Fair Information Practices and the "
 "Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),</quote> "
@@ -19625,7 +19629,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 284 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14162
+#: freeculture.xml:14166
 msgid ""
 "It is this reality that explains the push of many to define "
 "<quote>privacy</quote> on the Internet. It is the recognition that "
@@ -19639,12 +19643,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14187
+#: freeculture.xml:14191
 msgid "Data General"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14191
+#: freeculture.xml:14195
 msgid ""
 "A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software "
 "movement. When computers with software were first made available "
@@ -19655,12 +19659,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14198
+#: freeculture.xml:14202
 msgid "Stallman, Richard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14200
+#: freeculture.xml:14204
 msgid ""
 "That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a "
 "researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was "
@@ -19670,7 +19674,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14208
+#: freeculture.xml:14212
 msgid ""
 "In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a "
 "math department, anyone would be free to tinker with a proof that someone "
@@ -19684,12 +19688,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14219
+#: freeculture.xml:14223
 msgid "proprietary code"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14221
+#: freeculture.xml:14225
 msgid ""
 "No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for "
 "computing changed. As it became possible to import programs from one system "
@@ -19702,7 +19706,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 285 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14230
+#: freeculture.xml:14234
 msgid ""
 "Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early "
 "1980s, Stallman found himself surrounded by proprietary code.  The world of "
@@ -19712,12 +19716,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14239
+#: freeculture.xml:14243
 msgid "Torvalds, Linus"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14241
+#: freeculture.xml:14245
 msgid ""
 "Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
 "system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "
@@ -19728,7 +19732,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14249
+#: freeculture.xml:14253
 msgid ""
 "Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software "
 "that must be kept free. Software licensed under the Free Software "
@@ -19741,7 +19745,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14260
+#: freeculture.xml:14264
 msgid ""
 "Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for "
 "privacy. He was seeking a way to rebuild a kind of freedom that was taken "
@@ -19752,12 +19756,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14270
+#: freeculture.xml:14274
 msgid "scientific journals"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14272
+#: freeculture.xml:14276
 msgid ""
 "Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with "
 "the story of this book. This is the shift in the way academic and scientific "
@@ -19765,23 +19769,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14276
+#: freeculture.xml:14280
 msgid "Lexis and Westlaw"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14278 freeculture.xml:14314
+#: freeculture.xml:14282 freeculture.xml:14318
 msgid "journals in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14279
+#: freeculture.xml:14283
 msgid "access to opinions of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 286 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14281
+#: freeculture.xml:14285
 msgid ""
 "As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that "
 "printing thousands of copies of journals every month and sending them to "
@@ -19798,17 +19802,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14296
+#: freeculture.xml:14300
 msgid "access fees for material in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14297
+#: freeculture.xml:14301
 msgid "license system for rebuilding of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14299
+#: freeculture.xml:14303
 msgid ""
 "There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to "
 "charge for access to even public domain materials is a good incentive for "
@@ -19820,7 +19824,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14310
+#: freeculture.xml:14314
 msgid ""
 "But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was "
 "through proprietary services? What if no one had the ability to browse this "
@@ -19828,7 +19832,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14316
+#: freeculture.xml:14320
 msgid ""
 "As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with "
 "scientific journals. When these journals were distributed in paper form, "
@@ -19843,7 +19847,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14328
+#: freeculture.xml:14332
 msgid ""
 "As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that "
 "libraries not give the general public access to the journals. This means "
@@ -19854,7 +19858,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 287 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14338
+#: freeculture.xml:14342
 msgid ""
 "This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the "
 "freedom that has been lost. The Public Library of Science (PLoS), for "
@@ -19868,7 +19872,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14352
+#: freeculture.xml:14356
 msgid ""
 "This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted "
 "before, but now threatened by changing technology and markets.  There's no "
@@ -19879,24 +19883,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14365
+#: freeculture.xml:14369
 msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14368
+#: freeculture.xml:14372
 msgid ""
 "The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the "
 "increasing control effected through law and technology."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14371
+#: freeculture.xml:14375
 msgid "Stanford University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14373
+#: freeculture.xml:14377
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation "
 "established in Massachusetts, but with its home at Stanford University. Its "
@@ -19910,7 +19914,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 288 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14384
+#: freeculture.xml:14388
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Simple</emphasis>&mdash;which means without a middleman, or "
 "without a lawyer.  By developing a free set of licenses that people can "
@@ -19929,7 +19933,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14402
+#: freeculture.xml:14406
 msgid ""
 "These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise "
 "contours depend upon the choices the creator makes. The creator can choose a "
@@ -19943,7 +19947,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14413
+#: freeculture.xml:14417
 msgid ""
 "These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of "
 "copyright law. They also enable freedoms that go beyond traditional fair "
@@ -19956,13 +19960,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14423
+#: freeculture.xml:14427
 msgid "Garlick, Mia"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 289 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14425
+#: freeculture.xml:14429
 msgid ""
 "This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons.  And of "
 "course, Creative Commons is not the only organization pursuing such "
@@ -19976,7 +19980,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14438
+#: freeculture.xml:14442
 msgid ""
 "The aim is not to fight the <quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> sorts. The "
 "aim is to complement them. The problems that the law creates for us as a "
@@ -19991,7 +19995,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14451
+#: freeculture.xml:14455
 msgid ""
 "Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate "
 "to better spread their content. Cory Doctorow, for example, is a science "
@@ -20001,7 +20005,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14458
+#: freeculture.xml:14462
 msgid ""
 "Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned "
 "like this: There are two groups of people out there: (1)  those who will buy "
@@ -20015,7 +20019,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14470
+#: freeculture.xml:14474
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion.  "
 "The book's first printing was exhausted months before the publisher had "
@@ -20023,18 +20027,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14475
+#: freeculture.xml:14479
 msgid "Free for All (Wayner)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14476
+#: freeculture.xml:14480
 msgid "Wayner, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 290 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14478
+#: freeculture.xml:14482
 msgid ""
 "The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was "
 "confirmed by the experience of another author. Peter Wayner, who wrote a "
@@ -20046,23 +20050,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14489
+#: freeculture.xml:14493
 msgid "Leaphart, Walter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14490
+#: freeculture.xml:14494
 msgid "Public Enemy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14492
+#: freeculture.xml:14496
 msgid "rap music"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14509
+#: freeculture.xml:14513
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real "
 "Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg "
@@ -20071,7 +20075,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14494
+#: freeculture.xml:14498
 msgid ""
 "These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary "
 "content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There "
@@ -20091,7 +20095,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14518
+#: freeculture.xml:14522
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons "
 "license just because they want to express to others the importance of "
@@ -20106,7 +20110,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 291 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14530
+#: freeculture.xml:14534
 msgid ""
 "In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million "
 "objects were licensed with these free-culture licenses. The next step is "
@@ -20117,7 +20121,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14540
+#: freeculture.xml:14544
 msgid ""
 "These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere "
 "arguments; they are action. Building a public domain is the first step to "
@@ -20128,7 +20132,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14548
+#: freeculture.xml:14552
 msgid ""
 "Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and "
 "creators to change the mix of rights that now govern the creative field. The "
@@ -20139,12 +20143,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14562
+#: freeculture.xml:14566
 msgid "Them, soon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14564
+#: freeculture.xml:14568
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>We will</emphasis> not reclaim a free culture by "
 "individual action alone. It will also take important reforms of laws. We "
@@ -20154,7 +20158,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14571
+#: freeculture.xml:14575
 msgid ""
 "In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and "
 "one that's specific to the most heated battle of the day, music. Each is a "
@@ -20163,12 +20167,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14578
+#: freeculture.xml:14582
 msgid "1. More Formalities"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14580
+#: freeculture.xml:14584
 msgid ""
 "If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land "
 "upon which to build a house, you have to record the purchase in a deed.  If "
@@ -20178,14 +20182,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 293 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14587
+#: freeculture.xml:14591
 msgid ""
 "These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements "
 "that we all must bear if we want our property to be protected."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14592
+#: freeculture.xml:14596
 msgid ""
 "In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, "
 "regardless of whether you comply with any formality. You don't have to "
@@ -20194,12 +20198,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14598
+#: freeculture.xml:14602
 msgid "Why?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14601
+#: freeculture.xml:14605
 msgid ""
 "As I suggested in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, the motivation to abolish formalities was a good "
@@ -20210,7 +20214,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14610
+#: freeculture.xml:14614
 msgid ""
 "But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a "
 "burden. Rather, the world without formalities is the world that burdens "
@@ -20225,7 +20229,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14624
+#: freeculture.xml:14628
 msgid ""
 "The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only.  "
 "Obviously, I believe it would be beneficial for the same idea to be adopted "
@@ -20233,7 +20237,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14622
+#: freeculture.xml:14626
 msgid ""
 "The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>&mdash;but it should not change it by going back "
@@ -20243,7 +20247,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14632
+#: freeculture.xml:14636
 msgid ""
 "The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering "
 "copyrights, and renewing the claim to copyright. Traditionally, the first of "
@@ -20254,12 +20258,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14644
+#: freeculture.xml:14648
 msgid "Registration and renewal"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14646
+#: freeculture.xml:14650
 msgid ""
 "Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the "
 "Copyright Office to register or renew a copyright. When filing that "
@@ -20274,7 +20278,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14659
+#: freeculture.xml:14663
 msgid ""
 "Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of "
 "extraordinary innovation in governmental design, can no longer think "
@@ -20286,7 +20290,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14668
+#: freeculture.xml:14672
 msgid ""
 "In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet.  There "
 "are at least 32 million Web sites registered around the world.  Domain name "
@@ -20299,7 +20303,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 295 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14678
+#: freeculture.xml:14682
 msgid ""
 "We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of "
 "copyrights. The Copyright Office may well serve as the central registry, but "
@@ -20313,12 +20317,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14693
+#: freeculture.xml:14697
 msgid "Marking"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14695
+#: freeculture.xml:14699
 msgid ""
 "It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative "
 "work meant that the copyright was forfeited. That was a harsh punishment for "
@@ -20330,7 +20334,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14705
+#: freeculture.xml:14709
 msgid ""
 "The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted "
 "and that the author wants to enforce his rights. The mark also makes it easy "
@@ -20338,7 +20342,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14711
+#: freeculture.xml:14715
 msgid ""
 "One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that "
 "different copyrighted works had to be differently marked. It wasn't clear "
@@ -20352,7 +20356,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14728
+#: freeculture.xml:14732
 msgid ""
 "There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved "
 "here. In my view, the law of derivatives creates a more complicated system "
@@ -20361,7 +20365,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 296 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14721
+#: freeculture.xml:14725
 msgid ""
 "Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be "
 "published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need "
@@ -20377,7 +20381,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14741
+#: freeculture.xml:14745
 msgid ""
 "That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here "
 "again, the system needs to adjust as the technologies evolve. The best way "
@@ -20387,12 +20391,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14747
+#: freeculture.xml:14751
 msgid "copyright marking of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14749
+#: freeculture.xml:14753
 msgid ""
 "For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for "
 "marking CDs, it would propose that to the Copyright Office. The Copyright "
@@ -20406,7 +20410,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14761
+#: freeculture.xml:14765
 msgid ""
 "Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements.  "
 "If photographs were marked by author and year, there would be little reason "
@@ -20417,7 +20421,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14769
+#: freeculture.xml:14773
 msgid ""
 "The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system "
 "does nothing to make things clear. Indeed, it seems designed to make things "
@@ -20425,7 +20429,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14774
+#: freeculture.xml:14778
 msgid ""
 "If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most "
 "difficult aspects of relying upon the public domain would be removed.  It "
@@ -20436,12 +20440,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14786
+#: freeculture.xml:14790
 msgid "2. Shorter Terms"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14788
+#: freeculture.xml:14792
 msgid ""
 "The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for "
 "corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural "
@@ -20450,7 +20454,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14801
+#: freeculture.xml:14805
 msgid ""
 "<quote>A Radical Rethink,</quote> <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 "
 "(25 January 2003): 15, available at <ulink "
@@ -20458,7 +20462,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14793
+#: freeculture.xml:14797
 msgid ""
 "In <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>, I proposed a "
 "seventy-five-year term, granted in five-year increments with a requirement "
@@ -20471,7 +20475,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14808
+#: freeculture.xml:14812
 msgid ""
 "I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's "
 "term. But whether fourteen years or seventy-five, there are four principles "
@@ -20480,7 +20484,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  (1) 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14816
+#: freeculture.xml:14820
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it short:</emphasis> The term should be as long as necessary "
 "to give incentives to create, but no longer. If it were tied to very strong "
@@ -20493,7 +20497,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  (2) 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 298 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14825
+#: freeculture.xml:14829
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and "
 "protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of "
@@ -20507,13 +20511,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14837
+#: freeculture.xml:14841
 msgid "veterans' pensions"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14848
+#: freeculture.xml:14852
 msgid ""
 "Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation "
 "and/or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at "
@@ -20521,7 +20525,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14840
+#: freeculture.xml:14844
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it alive:</emphasis> Copyright should have to be renewed.  "
 "Especially if the maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be "
@@ -20536,7 +20540,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  (4) 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14859
+#: freeculture.xml:14863
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it prospective:</emphasis> Whatever the term of copyright "
 "should be, the clearest lesson that economists teach is that a term once "
@@ -20553,7 +20557,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14875
+#: freeculture.xml:14879
 msgid ""
 "These changes together should produce an <emphasis>average</emphasis> "
 "copyright term that is much shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the "
@@ -20561,7 +20565,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14881
+#: freeculture.xml:14885
 msgid ""
 "No doubt the extremists will call these ideas <quote>radical.</quote> (After "
 "all, I call them <quote>extremists.</quote>) But again, the term I "
@@ -20571,12 +20575,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14891
+#: freeculture.xml:14895
 msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14895
+#: freeculture.xml:14899
 msgid ""
 "As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted "
 "property owners the right to control their property from the ground to the "
@@ -20587,7 +20591,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14903
+#: freeculture.xml:14907
 msgid ""
 "Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors <quote>exclusive "
 "right</quote> to <quote>their writings.</quote> Congress has given authors "
@@ -20599,20 +20603,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14911
+#: freeculture.xml:14915
 msgid "Kaplan, Benjamin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14917
+#: freeculture.xml:14921
 msgid ""
 "Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
 "York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14913
+#: freeculture.xml:14917
 msgid ""
 "Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the "
 "exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and "
@@ -20624,12 +20628,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14930
+#: freeculture.xml:14934
 msgid "Ibid., 56."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14926
+#: freeculture.xml:14930
 msgid ""
 "So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range "
 "of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of "
@@ -20638,7 +20642,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14935
+#: freeculture.xml:14939
 msgid ""
 "I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and "
 "the expansiveness of these rights of derivative use no longer make "
@@ -20648,7 +20652,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14942
+#: freeculture.xml:14946
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Term:</emphasis> If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, "
 "then that right should be for a much shorter term. It makes sense to protect "
@@ -20660,7 +20664,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14955
+#: freeculture.xml:14959
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Scope:</emphasis> Likewise should the scope of derivative rights "
 "be narrowed.  Again, there are some cases in which derivative rights are "
@@ -20675,7 +20679,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14969
+#: freeculture.xml:14973
 msgid ""
 "This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint "
 "Eastwood CD. While it makes sense to require negotiation for foreseeable "
@@ -20685,12 +20689,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14985
+#: freeculture.xml:14989
 msgid "Goldstein, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14983
+#: freeculture.xml:14987
 msgid ""
 "Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the "
 "Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
@@ -20698,7 +20702,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14977
+#: freeculture.xml:14981
 msgid ""
 "In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and "
 "the presumption should be that other uses are not protected.  This is the "
@@ -20708,7 +20712,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14991
+#: freeculture.xml:14995
 msgid ""
 "Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal "
 "system were small. But as we are currently seeing in the context of the "
@@ -20719,7 +20723,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 301 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14998
+#: freeculture.xml:15002
 msgid ""
 "The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the "
 "part explicitly drawn or by granting reuse rights upon certain statutory "
@@ -20729,12 +20733,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15008
+#: freeculture.xml:15012
 msgid "4. Liberate the Music&mdash;Again"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15010
+#: freeculture.xml:15014
 msgid ""
 "The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be "
 "fair to end this book without addressing the issue that is, to most people, "
@@ -20744,7 +20748,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15017
+#: freeculture.xml:15021
 msgid ""
 "The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's "
 "growth. It drove demand for access to the Internet more powerfully than any "
@@ -20755,7 +20759,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15026
+#: freeculture.xml:15030
 msgid ""
 "The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in "
 "particular, is to create the incentives for music to be composed, performed, "
@@ -20765,7 +20769,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15033
+#: freeculture.xml:15037
 msgid ""
 "File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of "
 "content for which the performer has not been paid. But of course, that's not "
@@ -20776,7 +20780,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  A. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15042
+#: freeculture.xml:15046
 msgid ""
 "There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
 "CDs."
@@ -20784,7 +20788,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  B. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15047
+#: freeculture.xml:15051
 msgid ""
 "There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to "
 "purchasing CDs."
@@ -20793,7 +20797,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  PAGE BREAK 302 
 #.  C. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15053
+#: freeculture.xml:15057
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been "
@@ -20802,7 +20806,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  D. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15059
+#: freeculture.xml:15063
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly "
@@ -20810,7 +20814,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15067
+#: freeculture.xml:15071
 msgid ""
 "Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must "
 "avoid burdening type D even if it aims to eliminate type A. The eagerness "
@@ -20821,7 +20825,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15075
+#: freeculture.xml:15079
 msgid ""
 "As I said in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"piracy\"/>, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial.  "
@@ -20831,7 +20835,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15083
+#: freeculture.xml:15087
 msgid ""
 "Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context "
 "that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should "
@@ -20839,7 +20843,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15088
+#: freeculture.xml:15092
 msgid ""
 "Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive "
 "today because it is the easiest way to gain access to a broad range of "
@@ -20854,7 +20858,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 303 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15100
+#: freeculture.xml:15104
 msgid ""
 "But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the "
 "Internet today is a technology in transition. Policy makers should not make "
@@ -20870,13 +20874,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15114
+#: freeculture.xml:15118
 msgid "cell phones, music streamed over"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15134
+#: freeculture.xml:15138
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, <quote>Music Media Watch,</quote> The J@pan "
 "Inc. Newsletter, 3 April 2002, available at <ulink "
@@ -20884,7 +20888,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15116
+#: freeculture.xml:15120
 msgid ""
 "In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give "
 "you access to content on the fly&mdash;such as Internet radio, content that "
@@ -20906,7 +20910,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 304 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15141
+#: freeculture.xml:15145
 msgid ""
 "This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the "
 "present: It is emphatically temporary. The <quote>problem</quote> with file "
@@ -20922,7 +20926,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15157
+#: freeculture.xml:15161
 msgid ""
 "The answer begins with recognizing that there are different "
 "<quote>problems</quote> here to solve. Let's start with type D "
@@ -20936,7 +20940,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15168
+#: freeculture.xml:15172
 msgid ""
 "Type C content raises a different <quote>problem.</quote> This is content "
 "that was, at one time, published and is no longer available. It may be "
@@ -20948,7 +20952,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15179
+#: freeculture.xml:15183
 msgid ""
 "Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, "
 "it may still be available in libraries and used book stores. But libraries "
@@ -20961,7 +20965,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15189
+#: freeculture.xml:15193
 msgid ""
 "The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem "
 "out-of-print music fair game. If the publisher does not make copies of the "
@@ -20974,7 +20978,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 305 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15200
+#: freeculture.xml:15204
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure "
 "that artists get something from the trade of their work. For example, if the "
@@ -20986,7 +20990,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15210
+#: freeculture.xml:15214
 msgid ""
 "This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works "
 "available commercially. Works that are available commercially would not be "
@@ -20999,7 +21003,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15220
+#: freeculture.xml:15224
 msgid ""
 "The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only "
 "because the extent of the problem will change over time, as the technologies "
@@ -21010,14 +21014,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15228
+#: freeculture.xml:15232
 msgid ""
 "So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in "
 "this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15232
+#: freeculture.xml:15236
 msgid ""
 "Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of "
 "the content industry is this: A new technology (the Internet)  has harmed a "
@@ -21031,7 +21035,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 306 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15243
+#: freeculture.xml:15247
 msgid ""
 "I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or "
 "asbestos.  But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law.  "
@@ -21042,17 +21046,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15250 freeculture.xml:15292
+#: freeculture.xml:15254 freeculture.xml:15296
 msgid "Promises to Keep (Fisher)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15290
+#: freeculture.xml:15294
 msgid "Fisher, William"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15256
+#: freeculture.xml:15260
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> William Fisher, "
 "<citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</citetitle> (last "
@@ -21094,7 +21098,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15252
+#: freeculture.xml:15256
 msgid ""
 "The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by "
 "Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -21109,7 +21113,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15306
+#: freeculture.xml:15310
 msgid ""
 "Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million "
 "questions, most of which he answers well in his upcoming book, "
@@ -21127,7 +21131,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 307 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15323
+#: freeculture.xml:15327
 msgid ""
 "Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is "
 "not just to ensure that artists are paid, but also to ensure that the system "
@@ -21140,17 +21144,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15336
+#: freeculture.xml:15340
 msgid "MusicStore"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15338
+#: freeculture.xml:15342
 msgid "prices of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15340
+#: freeculture.xml:15344
 msgid ""
 "No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of "
 "<quote>harm</quote> to an industry. But the difficulty of making that "
@@ -21168,17 +21172,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15355
+#: freeculture.xml:15359
 msgid "cable vs. broadcast"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15358
+#: freeculture.xml:15362
 msgid "luxury theatres vs. video piracy in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15360
+#: freeculture.xml:15364
 msgid ""
 "This competition has already occurred against the background of "
 "<quote>free</quote> music from p2p systems. As the sellers of cable "
@@ -21194,7 +21198,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15372
+#: freeculture.xml:15376
 msgid ""
 "This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't "
 "lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of "
@@ -21205,13 +21209,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15381
+#: freeculture.xml:15385
 msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 308 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15386
+#: freeculture.xml:15390
 msgid ""
 "The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in "
 "transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to "
@@ -21220,19 +21224,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15393
+#: freeculture.xml:15397
 msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15399
+#: freeculture.xml:15403
 msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15403
+#: freeculture.xml:15407
 msgid ""
 "permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial "
 "type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;"
@@ -21240,14 +21244,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15409
+#: freeculture.xml:15413
 msgid ""
 "while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the "
 "extent actual harm is demonstrated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15414
+#: freeculture.xml:15418
 msgid ""
 "But what if <quote>piracy</quote> doesn't disappear? What if there is a "
 "competitive market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number "
@@ -21256,7 +21260,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15420
+#: freeculture.xml:15424
 msgid ""
 "Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts "
 "develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue "
@@ -21273,7 +21277,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 309 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15434
+#: freeculture.xml:15438
 msgid ""
 "But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of "
 "type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding "
@@ -21283,12 +21287,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15445
+#: freeculture.xml:15449
 msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15447
+#: freeculture.xml:15451
 msgid ""
 "I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe "
 "in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, "
@@ -21297,7 +21301,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15453
+#: freeculture.xml:15457
 msgid ""
 "Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers "
 "have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that "
@@ -21307,18 +21311,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15460
+#: freeculture.xml:15464
 msgid "Nimmer, Melville"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:15461
+#: freeculture.xml:15465
 msgid "Supreme Court challenge of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15472
+#: freeculture.xml:15476
 msgid ""
 "Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville "
 "B. Nimmer Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 "
@@ -21326,7 +21330,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15463
+#: freeculture.xml:15467
 msgid ""
 "The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a "
 "<quote>radical</quote> by many within the profession, yet the positions that "
@@ -21339,7 +21343,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15478
+#: freeculture.xml:15482
 msgid ""
 "However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is "
 "not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure "
@@ -21347,7 +21351,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15488
+#: freeculture.xml:15492
 msgid ""
 "A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be "
 "commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to "
@@ -21367,7 +21371,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15483
+#: freeculture.xml:15487
 msgid ""
 "Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits.  But "
 "more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system "
@@ -21379,7 +21383,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 310 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15512
+#: freeculture.xml:15516
 msgid ""
 "But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for "
 "anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is "
@@ -21389,7 +21393,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15520
+#: freeculture.xml:15524
 msgid ""
 "These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at "
 "the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a "
@@ -21402,7 +21406,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15530
+#: freeculture.xml:15534
 msgid ""
 "The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our "
 "tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty "
@@ -21413,7 +21417,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15538
+#: freeculture.xml:15542
 msgid ""
 "But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away "
 "from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the "
@@ -21421,7 +21425,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15545
+#: freeculture.xml:15549
 msgid ""
 "Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital "
 "technology&mdash;the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about "
@@ -21434,7 +21438,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 311
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15554
+#: freeculture.xml:15558
 msgid ""
 "The law should regulate in certain areas of culture&mdash;but it should "
 "regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely "
@@ -21444,7 +21448,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15563
+#: freeculture.xml:15567
 msgid ""
 "We should ask, <quote>Why?</quote> Show me why your regulation of culture is "
 "needed. Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your "
@@ -21452,12 +21456,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15572
+#: freeculture.xml:15576
 msgid "Notes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15574
+#: freeculture.xml:15578
 msgid ""
 "Throughout this text, there are references to links on the World Wide "
 "Web. As anyone who has tried to use the Web knows, these links can be highly "
@@ -21471,12 +21475,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15594
+#: freeculture.xml:15598
 msgid "Acknowledgments"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15596
+#: freeculture.xml:15600
 msgid ""
 "This book is the product of a long and as yet unsuccessful struggle that "
 "began when I read of Eric Eldred's war to keep books free. Eldred's work "
@@ -21485,7 +21489,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15603
+#: freeculture.xml:15607
 msgid ""
 "I received guidance in various places from friends and academics, including "
 "Glenn Brown, Peter DiCola, Jennifer Mnookin, Richard Posner, Mark Rose, and "
@@ -21501,7 +21505,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #. PAGE BREAK 337
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15616
+#: freeculture.xml:15620
 msgid ""
 "Yuko Noguchi helped me to understand the laws of Japan as well as its "
 "culture. I am thankful to her, and to the many in Japan who helped me "
@@ -21514,7 +21518,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15627
+#: freeculture.xml:15631
 msgid ""
 "These are the traditional sorts of help that academics regularly draw "
 "upon. But in addition to them, the Internet has made it possible to receive "
@@ -21536,7 +21540,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15647
+#: freeculture.xml:15651
 msgid ""
 "Richard Stallman and Michael Carroll each read the whole book in draft, and "
 "each provided extremely helpful correction and advice.  Michael helped me to "
@@ -21547,7 +21551,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15656
+#: freeculture.xml:15660
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and forever, I am thankful to Bettina, who has always insisted that "
 "there would be unending happiness away from these battles, and who has "
@@ -21556,12 +21560,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15666
+#: freeculture.xml:15670
 msgid "About this edition"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15668
+#: freeculture.xml:15672
 msgid ""
 "This edition of <citetitle>Free Culture</citetitle> is the result of three "
 "years of volunteer work.  The idea came from a discussion I had around ten "
@@ -21574,7 +21578,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15680
+#: freeculture.xml:15684
 msgid ""
 "Thanks to the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project, I already had experience "
 "translating Docbook documents, and it seemed like a good format for this "
@@ -21588,7 +21592,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15692
+#: freeculture.xml:15696
 msgid ""
 "Several people joined, and Anders Hagen Jarmund, Kirill Miazine, Odd Kleiva, "
 "Kjetil Kilhavn og Kjetil T. Homme assisted with the initial translation.  "
@@ -21607,7 +21611,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15711
+#: freeculture.xml:15715
 msgid ""
 "At the end of the project, when the translation was done and it was time to "
 "publish, NUUG Foundation was asked and was willing to sponsor books to "
@@ -21615,36 +21619,36 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15718
+#: freeculture.xml:15722
 msgid ""
 "In addition to these great contributors, I am very grateful to Mari and my "
 "family for their patience with me in this project."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15723
+#: freeculture.xml:15727
 msgid "&mdash; Petter Reinholdtsen, Oslo 2015-09-07"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15733
+#: freeculture.xml:15737
 msgid ""
 "Free culture: How big media uses technology and the law to lock down culture "
 "and control creativity / Lawrence Lessig."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15737
+#: freeculture.xml:15741
 msgid "Copyright &copy; 2004 Lawrence Lessig.  Some rights reserved."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15741
+#: freeculture.xml:15745
 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15745
+#: freeculture.xml:15749
 msgid ""
 "Published in English and Norwegian Bokmål 2015 by Petter Reinholdtsen with "
 "help from many volunteers.  Typeset with dblatex using the font Crimson "
@@ -21652,12 +21656,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15751
+#: freeculture.xml:15755
 msgid "First published 2004 by The Penguin Press."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15755
+#: freeculture.xml:15759
 msgid ""
 "Excerpt from an editorial titled <quote>The Coming of Copyright "
 "Perpetuity,</quote> <citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>, January 16, "
@@ -21666,7 +21670,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15761
+#: freeculture.xml:15765
 msgid ""
 "Cartoon in figure <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
 "linkend=\"fig-1711-vcr-handgun-cartoonfig\"/> by Paul Conrad, copyright "
@@ -21675,7 +21679,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15767
+#: freeculture.xml:15771
 msgid ""
 "Diagram in figure <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
 "linkend=\"fig-1761-pattern-modern-media-ownership\"/> courtesy of the office "
@@ -21683,19 +21687,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15773
+#: freeculture.xml:15777
 msgid "Cover created by Petter Reinholdtsen using inkscape."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15777
+#: freeculture.xml:15781
 msgid ""
 "The quotes on the cover came from <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/jacket/\"/>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15782
+#: freeculture.xml:15786
 msgid ""
 "Portrait on the cover was created 2013 by ActuaLitté and licensed under a "
 "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.  It was downloaded from "
@@ -21704,49 +21708,49 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15789
+#: freeculture.xml:15793
 msgid "Classifications:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15793
+#: freeculture.xml:15797
 msgid "(Dewey)  306.4, 306.40973, 306.46, 341.7582, 343.7309/9"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15802
+#: freeculture.xml:15806
 msgid "(UDK) 347.78"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15806
+#: freeculture.xml:15810
 msgid "(US Library of Congress) KF2979.L47 2004"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15810
+#: freeculture.xml:15814
 msgid "(ACM CRCS) K.4.1"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15814
+#: freeculture.xml:15818
 msgid "Thomas Gramstad Forlag donated the ISBN numbers."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15818
+#: freeculture.xml:15822
 msgid ""
 "Printing was sponsed by NUUG Foundation, <ulink "
 "url=\"http://www.nuugfoundation.no/\"/>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15823
+#: freeculture.xml:15827
 msgid "Includes index."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15830
+#: freeculture.xml:15834
 msgid ""
 "The Docbook source is available from <ulink "
 "url=\"https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig\"/>.  Please "
@@ -21754,64 +21758,64 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><colophon><para><informalfigure><graphic>
-#: freeculture.xml:15837
+#: freeculture.xml:15841
 msgid "images/cc.svg"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15849
+#: freeculture.xml:15853
 msgid ""
 "This book is a proof reading draft.  Please visit the github URL above to "
 "get the latest version."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15858
+#: freeculture.xml:15862
 msgid "Format / MIME-type"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15859
+#: freeculture.xml:15863
 msgid "ISBN"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15864
+#: freeculture.xml:15868
 msgid "US Trade edition from lulu.com"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15865
+#: freeculture.xml:15869
 msgid "978-82-8067-010-6"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15868
+#: freeculture.xml:15872
 msgid "application/pdf"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15869
+#: freeculture.xml:15873
 msgid "978-82-8067-011-3"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15872
+#: freeculture.xml:15876
 msgid "application/epub+zip"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15873
+#: freeculture.xml:15877
 msgid "978-82-8067-012-0"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15876
+#: freeculture.xml:15880
 msgid "application/x-mobipocket-ebook"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:15877
+#: freeculture.xml:15881
 msgid "978-82-8067-013-7"
 msgstr ""