From: Petter Reinholdtsen Date: Thu, 6 Sep 2012 13:00:49 +0000 (+0200) Subject: Update from XML. X-Git-Tag: edition-2015-10-10~1326 X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-free-culture-lessig.git/commitdiff_plain/30fa074c772d2e9f12cdce3305ee9bbe2ccd6ad3 Update from XML. --- diff --git a/freeculture.nb.po b/freeculture.nb.po index 408ea2a..11cc7ab 100644 --- a/freeculture.nb.po +++ b/freeculture.nb.po @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Free Culture by Lawrence Lessig\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-06 14:51+0300\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-06 14:57+0300\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2012-08-29 11:14+0200\n" "Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen \n" "Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål \n" @@ -24457,15 +24457,16 @@ msgid "" "intellectual property. Examples include the Internet and the World Wide Web, " "both of which were developed on the basis of protocols in the public domain. " "It included an emerging trend to support open academic journals, including " -"the Public Library of Science project that I describe in the Afterword. It " -"included a project to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which " -"are thought to have great significance in biomedical research. (That " -"nonprofit project comprised a consortium of the Wellcome Trust and " -"pharmaceutical and technological companies, including Amersham Biosciences, " -"AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-" -"SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, and Searle.) It included the " -"Global Positioning System, which Ronald Reagan set free in the early 1980s. " -"And it included open source and free software." +"the Public Library of Science project that I describe in chapter . It included a " +"project to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are thought " +"to have great significance in biomedical research. (That nonprofit project " +"comprised a consortium of the Wellcome Trust and pharmaceutical and " +"technological companies, including Amersham Biosciences, AstraZeneca, " +"Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, " +"IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, and Searle.) It included the Global " +"Positioning System, which Ronald Reagan set free in the early 1980s. And it " +"included open source and free software." msgstr "" "I august 2003 brøt en kamp ut i USA om en " "avgjørelse fra World Intellectual Property Organiation om å avlyse et møte." @@ -24477,16 +24478,16 @@ msgstr "" "immaterielle rettigheter. Eksempler inkluderer internettet og verdensveven, " "begge som ble utviklet på grunnlag av protokoller i allemannseie. Det hadde " "med en begynnende trend for å støtte åpne akademiske tidsskrifter, og " -"inkluderte Public Library of Science-prosjektet som jeg beskriver i " -"etterordet. Det inkluderte et prosjekt for a utvikle " -"enkeltnukleotidforskjeller (SNPs), som er antatt å få stor betydning i " -"biomedisinsk forskning. (Dette ideelle prosjektet besto av et konsortium av " -"Wellcome Trust og farmasøytiske og teknologiske selskaper, inkludert " -"Amersham Biosciences, AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, " -"Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, og " -"Searle.) Det inkluderte Globalt posisjonssystem (GPS) som Ronald Reagen " -"frigjorde tidlig på 1980-tallet. Og det inkluderte åpen kildekode og " -"fri programvare." +"inkluderte Public Library of Science-prosjektet som jeg beskriver i kapittel " +".Det " +"inkluderte et prosjekt for a utvikle enkeltnukleotidforskjeller (SNPs), som " +"er antatt å få stor betydning i biomedisinsk forskning. (Dette ideelle " +"prosjektet besto av et konsortium av Wellcome Trust og farmasøytiske og " +"teknologiske selskaper, inkludert Amersham Biosciences, AstraZeneca, " +"Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, " +"IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, og Searle.) Det inkluderte Globalt " +"posisjonssystem (GPS) som Ronald Reagen frigjorde tidlig på 1980-tallet. Og " +"det inkluderte åpen kildekode og fri programvare." #. type: Content of: msgid "" diff --git a/freeculture.pot b/freeculture.pot index 510ac81..a31af78 100644 --- a/freeculture.pot +++ b/freeculture.pot @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-06 14:51+0300\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-06 14:57+0300\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" @@ -476,12 +476,12 @@ msgid "power, concentration of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:399 freeculture.xml:13788 +#: freeculture.xml:399 freeculture.xml:13790 msgid "CodePink Women in Peace" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:400 freeculture.xml:421 freeculture.xml:13789 +#: freeculture.xml:400 freeculture.xml:421 freeculture.xml:13791 msgid "Safire, William" msgstr "" @@ -603,17 +603,17 @@ msgid "air traffic, land ownership vs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:490 freeculture.xml:14812 +#: freeculture.xml:490 freeculture.xml:14814 msgid "land ownership, air traffic and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:4681 freeculture.xml:13691 freeculture.xml:14813 +#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:4681 freeculture.xml:13693 freeculture.xml:14815 msgid "property rights" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:14813 +#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:14815 msgid "air traffic vs." msgstr "" @@ -650,12 +650,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:515 freeculture.xml:528 freeculture.xml:561 freeculture.xml:581 freeculture.xml:767 freeculture.xml:894 freeculture.xml:1021 freeculture.xml:1039 freeculture.xml:1087 freeculture.xml:9581 freeculture.xml:13109 freeculture.xml:13892 +#: freeculture.xml:515 freeculture.xml:528 freeculture.xml:561 freeculture.xml:581 freeculture.xml:767 freeculture.xml:894 freeculture.xml:1021 freeculture.xml:1039 freeculture.xml:1087 freeculture.xml:9581 freeculture.xml:13109 freeculture.xml:13894 msgid "Causby, Thomas Lee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:516 freeculture.xml:529 freeculture.xml:562 freeculture.xml:582 freeculture.xml:768 freeculture.xml:895 freeculture.xml:1022 freeculture.xml:1040 freeculture.xml:1088 freeculture.xml:9582 freeculture.xml:13110 freeculture.xml:13893 +#: freeculture.xml:516 freeculture.xml:529 freeculture.xml:562 freeculture.xml:582 freeculture.xml:768 freeculture.xml:895 freeculture.xml:1022 freeculture.xml:1040 freeculture.xml:1088 freeculture.xml:9582 freeculture.xml:13110 freeculture.xml:13895 msgid "Causby, Tinie" msgstr "" @@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ msgid "Douglas, William O." msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:531 freeculture.xml:4570 freeculture.xml:5172 freeculture.xml:14200 +#: freeculture.xml:531 freeculture.xml:4570 freeculture.xml:5172 freeculture.xml:14202 msgid "Supreme Court, U.S." msgstr "" @@ -1045,12 +1045,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:787 freeculture.xml:1160 freeculture.xml:2399 freeculture.xml:2411 freeculture.xml:2495 freeculture.xml:2529 freeculture.xml:2555 freeculture.xml:2805 freeculture.xml:6731 freeculture.xml:7587 freeculture.xml:7660 freeculture.xml:10186 freeculture.xml:13425 freeculture.xml:13983 freeculture.xml:13984 freeculture.xml:14058 +#: freeculture.xml:787 freeculture.xml:1160 freeculture.xml:2399 freeculture.xml:2411 freeculture.xml:2495 freeculture.xml:2529 freeculture.xml:2555 freeculture.xml:2805 freeculture.xml:6731 freeculture.xml:7587 freeculture.xml:7660 freeculture.xml:10186 freeculture.xml:13425 freeculture.xml:13985 freeculture.xml:13986 freeculture.xml:14060 msgid "Internet" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:787 freeculture.xml:4721 freeculture.xml:13425 freeculture.xml:13983 +#: freeculture.xml:787 freeculture.xml:4721 freeculture.xml:13425 freeculture.xml:13985 msgid "development of" msgstr "" @@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:873 freeculture.xml:1761 freeculture.xml:5279 freeculture.xml:6504 freeculture.xml:14023 +#: freeculture.xml:873 freeculture.xml:1761 freeculture.xml:5279 freeculture.xml:6504 freeculture.xml:14025 msgid "free culture" msgstr "" @@ -1369,7 +1369,7 @@ msgid "First Amendment" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:975 freeculture.xml:985 freeculture.xml:15211 +#: freeculture.xml:975 freeculture.xml:985 freeculture.xml:15213 msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock" msgstr "" @@ -1431,7 +1431,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:1023 freeculture.xml:13341 freeculture.xml:13424 freeculture.xml:13592 +#: freeculture.xml:1023 freeculture.xml:13341 freeculture.xml:13424 freeculture.xml:13594 msgid "intellectual property rights" msgstr "" @@ -2043,7 +2043,7 @@ msgid "piracy vs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:1400 freeculture.xml:1559 freeculture.xml:3058 freeculture.xml:3741 freeculture.xml:7412 freeculture.xml:7590 freeculture.xml:15277 +#: freeculture.xml:1400 freeculture.xml:1559 freeculture.xml:3058 freeculture.xml:3741 freeculture.xml:7412 freeculture.xml:7590 freeculture.xml:15279 msgid "piracy" msgstr "" @@ -2183,7 +2183,7 @@ msgid "duration of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:1495 freeculture.xml:1496 freeculture.xml:5211 freeculture.xml:7101 freeculture.xml:7224 freeculture.xml:8109 freeculture.xml:13429 freeculture.xml:14217 freeculture.xml:14218 +#: freeculture.xml:1495 freeculture.xml:1496 freeculture.xml:5211 freeculture.xml:7101 freeculture.xml:7224 freeculture.xml:8109 freeculture.xml:13429 freeculture.xml:14219 freeculture.xml:14220 msgid "public domain" msgstr "" @@ -3061,7 +3061,7 @@ msgid "commercials" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:2131 freeculture.xml:6807 freeculture.xml:15275 +#: freeculture.xml:2131 freeculture.xml:6807 freeculture.xml:15277 msgid "television" msgstr "" @@ -4093,7 +4093,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:2844 freeculture.xml:3745 freeculture.xml:3747 freeculture.xml:3748 freeculture.xml:5558 freeculture.xml:8239 freeculture.xml:13526 freeculture.xml:13595 +#: freeculture.xml:2844 freeculture.xml:3745 freeculture.xml:3747 freeculture.xml:3748 freeculture.xml:5558 freeculture.xml:8239 freeculture.xml:13528 freeculture.xml:13597 msgid "Microsoft" msgstr "" @@ -4358,12 +4358,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3001 freeculture.xml:3370 freeculture.xml:4306 freeculture.xml:5567 freeculture.xml:5616 freeculture.xml:10232 freeculture.xml:10330 freeculture.xml:10491 freeculture.xml:10514 freeculture.xml:15176 freeculture.xml:15241 +#: freeculture.xml:3001 freeculture.xml:3370 freeculture.xml:4306 freeculture.xml:5567 freeculture.xml:5616 freeculture.xml:10232 freeculture.xml:10330 freeculture.xml:10491 freeculture.xml:10514 freeculture.xml:15178 freeculture.xml:15243 msgid "artists" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3001 freeculture.xml:3370 freeculture.xml:4306 freeculture.xml:10232 freeculture.xml:10330 freeculture.xml:10491 freeculture.xml:10514 freeculture.xml:15176 freeculture.xml:15241 +#: freeculture.xml:3001 freeculture.xml:3370 freeculture.xml:4306 freeculture.xml:10232 freeculture.xml:10330 freeculture.xml:10491 freeculture.xml:10514 freeculture.xml:15178 freeculture.xml:15243 msgid "recording industry payments to" msgstr "" @@ -4805,7 +4805,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3300 freeculture.xml:14872 +#: freeculture.xml:3300 freeculture.xml:14874 msgid "Grisham, John" msgstr "" @@ -5007,7 +5007,7 @@ msgid "Cable TV" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3447 freeculture.xml:4330 freeculture.xml:8600 freeculture.xml:8639 freeculture.xml:15274 +#: freeculture.xml:3447 freeculture.xml:4330 freeculture.xml:8600 freeculture.xml:8639 freeculture.xml:15276 msgid "cable television" msgstr "" @@ -5251,12 +5251,12 @@ msgid "Piracy I" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3610 freeculture.xml:3690 freeculture.xml:3740 freeculture.xml:15276 +#: freeculture.xml:3610 freeculture.xml:3690 freeculture.xml:3740 freeculture.xml:15278 msgid "Asia, commercial piracy in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3611 freeculture.xml:4058 freeculture.xml:9878 freeculture.xml:10732 freeculture.xml:14667 freeculture.xml:15258 +#: freeculture.xml:3611 freeculture.xml:4058 freeculture.xml:9878 freeculture.xml:10732 freeculture.xml:14669 freeculture.xml:15260 msgid "CDs" msgstr "" @@ -5338,7 +5338,7 @@ msgid "agricultural patents" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:3684 freeculture.xml:13215 freeculture.xml:13704 freeculture.xml:13711 +#: freeculture.xml:3684 freeculture.xml:13215 freeculture.xml:13706 freeculture.xml:13713 msgid "Drahos, Peter" msgstr "" @@ -5375,7 +5375,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3705 freeculture.xml:3979 freeculture.xml:15424 +#: freeculture.xml:3705 freeculture.xml:3979 freeculture.xml:15426 msgid "Liebowitz, Stan" msgstr "" @@ -5438,22 +5438,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3741 freeculture.xml:15277 +#: freeculture.xml:3741 freeculture.xml:15279 msgid "in Asia" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3742 freeculture.xml:13524 freeculture.xml:14110 +#: freeculture.xml:3742 freeculture.xml:13526 freeculture.xml:14112 msgid "free software/open-source software (FS/OSS)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3743 freeculture.xml:3773 freeculture.xml:12007 freeculture.xml:13539 freeculture.xml:14166 +#: freeculture.xml:3743 freeculture.xml:3773 freeculture.xml:12007 freeculture.xml:13541 freeculture.xml:14168 msgid "GNU/Linux operating system" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3744 freeculture.xml:3774 freeculture.xml:12009 freeculture.xml:13540 freeculture.xml:14167 +#: freeculture.xml:3744 freeculture.xml:3774 freeculture.xml:12009 freeculture.xml:13542 freeculture.xml:14169 msgid "Linux operating system" msgstr "" @@ -5494,12 +5494,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3762 freeculture.xml:4796 freeculture.xml:5020 freeculture.xml:6507 freeculture.xml:6583 freeculture.xml:6716 freeculture.xml:7127 freeculture.xml:14198 +#: freeculture.xml:3762 freeculture.xml:4796 freeculture.xml:5020 freeculture.xml:6507 freeculture.xml:6583 freeculture.xml:6716 freeculture.xml:7127 freeculture.xml:14200 msgid "law" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3762 freeculture.xml:14198 +#: freeculture.xml:3762 freeculture.xml:14200 msgid "databases of case reports in" msgstr "" @@ -5830,12 +5830,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3996 freeculture.xml:4005 freeculture.xml:4362 freeculture.xml:8399 freeculture.xml:8428 freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:14984 +#: freeculture.xml:3996 freeculture.xml:4005 freeculture.xml:4362 freeculture.xml:8399 freeculture.xml:8428 freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:14986 msgid "cassette recording" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:3996 freeculture.xml:4362 freeculture.xml:8399 freeculture.xml:8428 freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:10158 freeculture.xml:14984 freeculture.xml:14985 +#: freeculture.xml:3996 freeculture.xml:4362 freeculture.xml:8399 freeculture.xml:8428 freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:10158 freeculture.xml:14986 freeculture.xml:14987 msgid "VCRs" msgstr "" @@ -6050,12 +6050,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:4160 freeculture.xml:4168 freeculture.xml:4190 freeculture.xml:4212 freeculture.xml:4720 freeculture.xml:6177 freeculture.xml:6182 freeculture.xml:6234 freeculture.xml:7198 freeculture.xml:7199 freeculture.xml:7585 freeculture.xml:7659 freeculture.xml:7943 freeculture.xml:14370 freeculture.xml:15096 freeculture.xml:15097 +#: freeculture.xml:4160 freeculture.xml:4168 freeculture.xml:4190 freeculture.xml:4212 freeculture.xml:4720 freeculture.xml:6177 freeculture.xml:6182 freeculture.xml:6234 freeculture.xml:7198 freeculture.xml:7199 freeculture.xml:7585 freeculture.xml:7659 freeculture.xml:7943 freeculture.xml:14372 freeculture.xml:15098 freeculture.xml:15099 msgid "books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:4160 freeculture.xml:4168 freeculture.xml:7198 freeculture.xml:15097 +#: freeculture.xml:4160 freeculture.xml:4168 freeculture.xml:7198 freeculture.xml:15099 msgid "resales of" msgstr "" @@ -6094,7 +6094,7 @@ msgid "Bernstein, Leonard" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:4190 freeculture.xml:6177 freeculture.xml:6182 freeculture.xml:7199 freeculture.xml:15096 +#: freeculture.xml:4190 freeculture.xml:6177 freeculture.xml:6182 freeculture.xml:7199 freeculture.xml:15098 msgid "out of print" msgstr "" @@ -6126,7 +6126,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:4212 freeculture.xml:14370 +#: freeculture.xml:4212 freeculture.xml:14372 msgid "free on-line releases of" msgstr "" @@ -6744,7 +6744,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:4661 freeculture.xml:6468 freeculture.xml:14357 +#: freeculture.xml:4661 freeculture.xml:6468 freeculture.xml:14359 msgid "Jefferson, Thomas" msgstr "" @@ -6839,7 +6839,7 @@ msgid "England, copyright laws developed in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:4724 freeculture.xml:13898 +#: freeculture.xml:4724 freeculture.xml:13900 msgid "United Kingdom" msgstr "" @@ -7358,7 +7358,7 @@ msgid "Erskine, Andrew" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:5078 freeculture.xml:15520 +#: freeculture.xml:5078 freeculture.xml:15522 msgid "Rose, Mark" msgstr "" @@ -8039,7 +8039,7 @@ msgid "Allen, Paul" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:5557 freeculture.xml:5617 freeculture.xml:5802 freeculture.xml:10489 freeculture.xml:14887 +#: freeculture.xml:5557 freeculture.xml:5617 freeculture.xml:5802 freeculture.xml:10489 freeculture.xml:14889 msgid "Alben, Alex" msgstr "" @@ -8691,7 +8691,7 @@ msgid "Vanderbilt University" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:6021 freeculture.xml:14069 freeculture.xml:14199 freeculture.xml:14235 +#: freeculture.xml:6021 freeculture.xml:14071 freeculture.xml:14201 freeculture.xml:14237 msgid "libraries" msgstr "" @@ -9845,12 +9845,12 @@ msgid "free market, technological changes in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:6845 freeculture.xml:15463 +#: freeculture.xml:6845 freeculture.xml:15465 msgid "Brezhnev, Leonid" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:6848 freeculture.xml:13663 +#: freeculture.xml:6848 freeculture.xml:13665 msgid "Gates, Bill" msgstr "" @@ -10417,7 +10417,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:7223 freeculture.xml:7258 freeculture.xml:15381 +#: freeculture.xml:7223 freeculture.xml:7258 freeculture.xml:15383 msgid "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) (1998)" msgstr "" @@ -10440,7 +10440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:7235 freeculture.xml:13170 freeculture.xml:13649 +#: freeculture.xml:7235 freeculture.xml:13170 freeculture.xml:13651 msgid "patents" msgstr "" @@ -11174,7 +11174,7 @@ msgid "Video Pipeline" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:7779 freeculture.xml:15278 +#: freeculture.xml:7779 freeculture.xml:15280 msgid "film industry" msgstr "" @@ -11194,7 +11194,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:7787 freeculture.xml:7862 freeculture.xml:14024 +#: freeculture.xml:7787 freeculture.xml:7862 freeculture.xml:14026 msgid "browsing" msgstr "" @@ -11548,7 +11548,7 @@ msgid "Future of Ideas, The (Lessig)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:8026 freeculture.xml:9860 freeculture.xml:13478 +#: freeculture.xml:8026 freeculture.xml:9860 freeculture.xml:13480 msgid "Lessig, Lawrence" msgstr "" @@ -14785,7 +14785,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:10488 freeculture.xml:15257 +#: freeculture.xml:10488 freeculture.xml:15259 msgid "Real Networks" msgstr "" @@ -18231,12 +18231,12 @@ msgid "developing countries, foreign patent costs in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13136 freeculture.xml:13647 +#: freeculture.xml:13136 freeculture.xml:13649 msgid "drugs" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13136 freeculture.xml:13647 +#: freeculture.xml:13136 freeculture.xml:13649 msgid "pharmaceutical" msgstr "" @@ -18290,7 +18290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13170 freeculture.xml:13649 +#: freeculture.xml:13170 freeculture.xml:13651 msgid "on pharmaceuticals" msgstr "" @@ -18350,7 +18350,7 @@ msgid "South Africa, Republic of, pharmaceutical imports by" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13214 freeculture.xml:13705 +#: freeculture.xml:13214 freeculture.xml:13707 msgid "Braithwaite, John" msgstr "" @@ -18625,7 +18625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:13422 freeculture.xml:14190 +#: freeculture.xml:13422 freeculture.xml:14192 msgid "academic journals" msgstr "" @@ -18635,22 +18635,22 @@ msgid "biomedical research" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13424 freeculture.xml:13592 +#: freeculture.xml:13424 freeculture.xml:13594 msgid "international organization on issues of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:13426 freeculture.xml:13541 freeculture.xml:14109 +#: freeculture.xml:13426 freeculture.xml:13543 freeculture.xml:14111 msgid "IBM" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:13427 freeculture.xml:14256 +#: freeculture.xml:13427 freeculture.xml:14258 msgid "PLoS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:13428 freeculture.xml:14257 +#: freeculture.xml:13428 freeculture.xml:14259 msgid "Public Library of Science (PLoS)" msgstr "" @@ -18670,7 +18670,7 @@ msgid "Wellcome Trust" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13432 freeculture.xml:13593 +#: freeculture.xml:13432 freeculture.xml:13595 msgid "World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)" msgstr "" @@ -18714,19 +18714,20 @@ msgid "" "intellectual property. Examples include the Internet and the World Wide Web, " "both of which were developed on the basis of protocols in the public " "domain. It included an emerging trend to support open academic journals, " -"including the Public Library of Science project that I describe in the " -"Afterword. It included a project to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms " -"(SNPs), which are thought to have great significance in biomedical " -"research. (That nonprofit project comprised a consortium of the Wellcome " -"Trust and pharmaceutical and technological companies, including Amersham " -"Biosciences, AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La " -"Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, and Searle.) It " -"included the Global Positioning System, which Ronald Reagan set free in the " -"early 1980s. And it included open source and free software." +"including the Public Library of Science project that I describe in chapter " +". It " +"included a project to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which " +"are thought to have great significance in biomedical research. (That " +"nonprofit project comprised a consortium of the Wellcome Trust and " +"pharmaceutical and technological companies, including Amersham Biosciences, " +"AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La Roche, " +"Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, and Searle.) It included " +"the Global Positioning System, which Ronald Reagan set free in the early " +"1980s. And it included open source and free software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13472 +#: freeculture.xml:13474 msgid "" "The aim of the meeting was to consider this wide range of projects from one " "common perspective: that none of these projects relied upon intellectual " @@ -18736,20 +18737,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13478 +#: freeculture.xml:13480 msgid "in international debate on intellectual property" msgstr "" #. f7. #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13481 +#: freeculture.xml:13483 msgid "" "I should disclose that I was one of the people who asked WIPO for the " "meeting." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13480 +#: freeculture.xml:13482 msgid "" "From the perspective of this book, then, the conference was " "ideal. The projects within its " @@ -18760,13 +18761,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13490 freeculture.xml:13646 +#: freeculture.xml:13492 freeculture.xml:13648 msgid "World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)" msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 271 #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13492 +#: freeculture.xml:13494 msgid "" "Indeed, I was once publicly scolded for not recognizing this fact about " "WIPO. In February 2003, I delivered a keynote address to a preparatory " @@ -18790,7 +18791,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13516 +#: freeculture.xml:13518 msgid "" "So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I had " "thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus the " @@ -18799,17 +18800,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:13525 freeculture.xml:15255 +#: freeculture.xml:13527 freeculture.xml:15257 msgid "Apple Corporation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13526 +#: freeculture.xml:13528 msgid "on free software" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13528 +#: freeculture.xml:13530 msgid "" "But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, at " "least among lobbyists. That project is open source and free " @@ -18823,13 +18824,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13538 +#: freeculture.xml:13540 msgid "copyleft licenses" msgstr "" #. f8. #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13554 +#: freeculture.xml:13556 msgid "" "Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more " "sophisticated. As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with " @@ -18850,7 +18851,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13543 +#: freeculture.xml:13545 msgid "" "I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make clear " "that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial " @@ -18865,18 +18866,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13572 +#: freeculture.xml:13574 msgid "General Public License (GPL)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13573 +#: freeculture.xml:13575 msgid "GPL (General Public License)" msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 272 #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13575 +#: freeculture.xml:13577 msgid "" "More important for our purposes, to support open source and free " "software is not to oppose copyright. Open source and free " @@ -18894,25 +18895,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13594 +#: freeculture.xml:13596 msgid "Krim, Jonathan" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13595 +#: freeculture.xml:13597 msgid "WIPO meeting opposed by" msgstr "" #. f9. #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13605 +#: freeculture.xml:13607 msgid "" "Krim, The Quiet War over Open-Source, available at link #64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13597 +#: freeculture.xml:13599 msgid "" "It is therefore understandable that as a proprietary software developer, " "Microsoft would oppose this WIPO meeting, and understandable that it would " @@ -18925,7 +18926,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13611 +#: freeculture.xml:13613 msgid "" "I don't blame Microsoft for doing what it can to advance its own interests, " "consistent with the law. And lobbying governments is plainly consistent with " @@ -18935,12 +18936,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13619 freeculture.xml:13677 +#: freeculture.xml:13621 freeculture.xml:13679 msgid "Boland, Lois" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13621 +#: freeculture.xml:13623 msgid "" "What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing " "the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting director of " @@ -18952,12 +18953,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13632 +#: freeculture.xml:13634 msgid "These statements are astonishing on a number of levels." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13637 +#: freeculture.xml:13639 msgid "" "First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and free " "software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right called " @@ -18970,12 +18971,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13648 +#: freeculture.xml:13650 msgid "generic drugs" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13651 +#: freeculture.xml:13653 msgid "" "Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to " "promote intellectual property maximally? As I had been " @@ -18991,7 +18992,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13665 +#: freeculture.xml:13667 msgid "" "Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize " "intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property rights " @@ -19007,7 +19008,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 274 #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13679 +#: freeculture.xml:13681 msgid "" "When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting " "which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights, " @@ -19021,17 +19022,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13690 +#: freeculture.xml:13692 msgid "feudal system" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13691 +#: freeculture.xml:13693 msgid "feudal system of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13693 +#: freeculture.xml:13695 msgid "" "There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in the " "Anglo-American tradition. It is called feudalism. Under " @@ -19045,14 +19046,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13710 +#: freeculture.xml:13712 msgid "" "See Drahos with Braithwaite, Information Feudalism, " "210–20. " msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13707 +#: freeculture.xml:13709 msgid "" "As Peter Drahos and John Braithwaite relate, this is precisely the choice we " "are now making about intellectual property. -#: freeculture.xml:13721 +#: freeculture.xml:13723 msgid "" "When this battle broke, I blogged it. A spirited debate within the comment " "section ensued. Ms. Boland had a number of supporters who tried to show why " @@ -19073,7 +19074,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 275 #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:13730 +#: freeculture.xml:13732 msgid "" "George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it " "should be (the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should " @@ -19086,7 +19087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13742 +#: freeculture.xml:13744 msgid "" "I missed the irony the first time I read it. I read it quickly and thought " "the poster was supporting the idea that seeking balance was what our " @@ -19099,7 +19100,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13753 +#: freeculture.xml:13755 msgid "" "Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea. Instead, the " "poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the " @@ -19111,7 +19112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13761 +#: freeculture.xml:13763 msgid "" "I understand criticism of academic utopianism. I think utopianism is silly, " "too, and I'd be the first to poke fun at the absurdly unrealistic ideals of " @@ -19119,7 +19120,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13767 +#: freeculture.xml:13769 msgid "" "But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government " "should be to seek balance, then count me with the silly, for " @@ -19134,7 +19135,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 276 #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13778 +#: freeculture.xml:13780 msgid "" "It might be crazy to expect a high government official to speak the " "truth. It might be crazy to believe that government policy will be something " @@ -19144,17 +19145,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13786 +#: freeculture.xml:13788 msgid "If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13790 +#: freeculture.xml:13792 msgid "Turner, Ted" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13792 +#: freeculture.xml:13794 msgid "" "There are moments of hope in this " "struggle. And moments that surprise. When the FCC was considering relaxing " @@ -19168,7 +19169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13803 +#: freeculture.xml:13805 msgid "" "This activism did not stop the FCC, but soon after, a broad coalition in the " "Senate voted to reverse the FCC decision. The hostile hearings leading up to " @@ -19178,7 +19179,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13811 +#: freeculture.xml:13813 msgid "" "But even this movement misses an important piece of the puzzle. Largeness " "as such is not bad. Freedom is not threatened just because some become very " @@ -19188,7 +19189,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13818 +#: freeculture.xml:13820 msgid "" "The danger in media concentration comes not from the concentration, but " "instead from the feudalism that this concentration, tied to the change in " @@ -19200,7 +19201,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13828 +#: freeculture.xml:13830 msgid "" "It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand competition " "and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as being about " @@ -19210,7 +19211,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13835 +#: freeculture.xml:13837 msgid "" "It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal number " "could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within the idea of " @@ -19221,20 +19222,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13843 +#: freeculture.xml:13845 msgid "" "If we were Achilles, this would be our heel. This would be the place of our " "tragedy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13846 +#: freeculture.xml:13848 msgid "Dylan, Bob" msgstr "" #. f11. #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13852 +#: freeculture.xml:13854 msgid "" "John Borland, RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers, CNET News.com, " "September 2003, available at -#: freeculture.xml:13870 +#: freeculture.xml:13872 msgid "" "Jon Wiederhorn, Eminem Gets Sued … by a Little Old " "Lady, mtv.com, 17 September 2003, available at -#: freeculture.xml:13877 +#: freeculture.xml:13879 msgid "" "Kenji Hall, Associated Press, Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for " "Dylan Songs, Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at -#: freeculture.xml:13848 +#: freeculture.xml:13850 msgid "" "As I write these final words, the news is " "filled with stories about the RIAA lawsuits against almost three hundred " @@ -19291,33 +19292,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13894 +#: freeculture.xml:13896 msgid "BBC" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13895 +#: freeculture.xml:13897 msgid "Brazil, free culture in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: freeculture.xml:13896 freeculture.xml:14287 +#: freeculture.xml:13898 freeculture.xml:14289 msgid "Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13897 +#: freeculture.xml:13899 msgid "Gil, Gilberto" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13898 +#: freeculture.xml:13900 msgid "public creative archive in" msgstr "" #. f14. #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13903 +#: freeculture.xml:13905 msgid "" "BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public, BBC press " "release, 24 August 2003, available at -#: freeculture.xml:13912 +#: freeculture.xml:13914 msgid "" "Creative Commons and Brazil, Creative Commons Weblog, 6 " "August 2003, available at link " @@ -19335,7 +19336,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 278 #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13900 +#: freeculture.xml:13902 msgid "" "Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it " "will build a Creative Archive, from which British citizens " @@ -19354,20 +19355,20 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 279 #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13926 +#: freeculture.xml:13928 msgid "" "Common sense must revolt. It must act to free culture. Soon, if this " "potential is ever to be realized." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: freeculture.xml:13934 +#: freeculture.xml:13936 msgid "AFTERWORD" msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 280 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:13938 +#: freeculture.xml:13940 msgid "" "<emphasis role='strong'>At least some</emphasis> who have read this far will " "agree with me that something must be done to change where we are " @@ -19375,7 +19376,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:13943 +#: freeculture.xml:13945 msgid "" "I divide this map into two parts: that which anyone can do now, and that " "which requires the help of lawmakers. If there is one lesson that we can " @@ -19384,7 +19385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:13949 +#: freeculture.xml:13951 msgid "" "That means this movement must begin in the streets. It must recruit a " "significant number of parents, teachers, librarians, creators, authors, " @@ -19393,7 +19394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:13956 +#: freeculture.xml:13958 msgid "" "Once this movement has its effect in the streets, it has some hope of having " "an effect in Washington. We are still a democracy. What people think " @@ -19403,12 +19404,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:13965 +#: freeculture.xml:13967 msgid "US, NOW" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:13967 +#: freeculture.xml:13969 msgid "" "<emphasis role='strong'>Common sense</emphasis> is with the copyright " "warriors because the debate so far has been framed at the extremes—as " @@ -19418,7 +19419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:13974 +#: freeculture.xml:13976 msgid "" "The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in " "this debate, but the extremes are not all that there is. There are those who " @@ -19431,13 +19432,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:13984 +#: freeculture.xml:13986 msgid "initial free character of" msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 282 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:13986 +#: freeculture.xml:13988 msgid "" "When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively " "tilted in the <quote>no rights reserved</quote> direction. Content could be " @@ -19449,7 +19450,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:13998 +#: freeculture.xml:14000 msgid "" "This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) " "by copyright owners. That reaction has been the topic of this book. Through " @@ -19466,7 +19467,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14014 +#: freeculture.xml:14016 msgid "" "What's needed is a way to say something in the middle—neither " "<quote>all rights reserved</quote> nor <quote>no rights reserved</quote> but " @@ -19477,22 +19478,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14022 +#: freeculture.xml:14024 msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14023 +#: freeculture.xml:14025 msgid "restoration efforts on previous aspects of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14025 +#: freeculture.xml:14027 msgid "privacy rights" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14027 +#: freeculture.xml:14029 msgid "" "If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will " "recognize this problem from other contexts. Think about privacy. Before the " @@ -19504,12 +19505,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14037 +#: freeculture.xml:14039 msgid "What made it assured?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14041 +#: freeculture.xml:14043 msgid "" "Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter <xref " "xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, your privacy was " @@ -19527,22 +19528,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14056 +#: freeculture.xml:14058 msgid "Amazon" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14057 +#: freeculture.xml:14059 msgid "cookies, Internet" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14058 +#: freeculture.xml:14060 msgid "privacy protection on" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14060 +#: freeculture.xml:14062 msgid "" "Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has " "become quite tiny. If you're a customer at Amazon, then as you browse the " @@ -19555,12 +19556,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14069 +#: freeculture.xml:14071 msgid "privacy rights in use of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14071 +#: freeculture.xml:14073 msgid "" "Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about " "libraries. If you're one of those crazy lefties who thinks that people " @@ -19573,7 +19574,7 @@ msgstr "" #. f1. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14089 +#: freeculture.xml:14091 msgid "" "See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, <quote>Fair Information Practices and the " "Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),</quote> " @@ -19588,7 +19589,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 284 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14083 +#: freeculture.xml:14085 msgid "" "It is this reality that explains the push of many to define " "<quote>privacy</quote> on the Internet. It is the recognition that " @@ -19602,12 +19603,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14108 +#: freeculture.xml:14110 msgid "Data General" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14112 +#: freeculture.xml:14114 msgid "" "A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software " "movement. When computers with software were first made available " @@ -19618,12 +19619,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14119 +#: freeculture.xml:14121 msgid "Stallman, Richard" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14121 +#: freeculture.xml:14123 msgid "" "That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a " "researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was " @@ -19633,7 +19634,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14129 +#: freeculture.xml:14131 msgid "" "In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a " "math department, anyone would be free to tinker with a proof that someone " @@ -19647,12 +19648,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14140 +#: freeculture.xml:14142 msgid "proprietary code" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14142 +#: freeculture.xml:14144 msgid "" "No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for " "computing changed. As it became possible to import programs from one system " @@ -19665,7 +19666,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 285 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14151 +#: freeculture.xml:14153 msgid "" "Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early " "1980s, Stallman found himself surrounded by proprietary code. The world of " @@ -19675,12 +19676,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14160 +#: freeculture.xml:14162 msgid "Torvalds, Linus" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14162 +#: freeculture.xml:14164 msgid "" "Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating " "system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was " @@ -19691,7 +19692,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14170 +#: freeculture.xml:14172 msgid "" "Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software " "that must be kept free. Software licensed under the Free Software " @@ -19704,7 +19705,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14181 +#: freeculture.xml:14183 msgid "" "Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for " "privacy. He was seeking a way to rebuild a kind of freedom that was taken " @@ -19715,12 +19716,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14191 +#: freeculture.xml:14193 msgid "scientific journals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14193 +#: freeculture.xml:14195 msgid "" "Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with " "the story of this book. This is the shift in the way academic and scientific " @@ -19728,23 +19729,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14197 +#: freeculture.xml:14199 msgid "Lexis and Westlaw" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14199 freeculture.xml:14235 +#: freeculture.xml:14201 freeculture.xml:14237 msgid "journals in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14200 +#: freeculture.xml:14202 msgid "access to opinions of" msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 286 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14202 +#: freeculture.xml:14204 msgid "" "As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that " "printing thousands of copies of journals every month and sending them to " @@ -19761,17 +19762,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14217 +#: freeculture.xml:14219 msgid "access fees for material in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14218 +#: freeculture.xml:14220 msgid "license system for rebuilding of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14220 +#: freeculture.xml:14222 msgid "" "There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to " "charge for access to even public domain materials is a good incentive for " @@ -19783,7 +19784,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14231 +#: freeculture.xml:14233 msgid "" "But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was " "through proprietary services? What if no one had the ability to browse this " @@ -19791,7 +19792,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14237 +#: freeculture.xml:14239 msgid "" "As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with " "scientific journals. When these journals were distributed in paper form, " @@ -19806,7 +19807,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14249 +#: freeculture.xml:14251 msgid "" "As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that " "libraries not give the general public access to the journals. This means " @@ -19817,7 +19818,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 287 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14259 +#: freeculture.xml:14261 msgid "" "This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the " "freedom that has been lost. The Public Library of Science (PLoS), for " @@ -19831,7 +19832,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14273 +#: freeculture.xml:14275 msgid "" "This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted " "before, but now threatened by changing technology and markets. There's no " @@ -19842,24 +19843,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14286 +#: freeculture.xml:14288 msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14289 +#: freeculture.xml:14291 msgid "" "The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the " "increasing control effected through law and technology." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14292 +#: freeculture.xml:14294 msgid "Stanford University" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14294 +#: freeculture.xml:14296 msgid "" "Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation " "established in Massachusetts, but with its home at Stanford University. Its " @@ -19873,7 +19874,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 288 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14305 +#: freeculture.xml:14307 msgid "" "<emphasis>Simple</emphasis>—which means without a middleman, or " "without a lawyer. By developing a free set of licenses that people can " @@ -19892,7 +19893,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14323 +#: freeculture.xml:14325 msgid "" "These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise " "contours depend upon the choices the creator makes. The creator can choose a " @@ -19906,7 +19907,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14334 +#: freeculture.xml:14336 msgid "" "These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of " "copyright law. They also enable freedoms that go beyond traditional fair " @@ -19919,13 +19920,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14344 +#: freeculture.xml:14346 msgid "Garlick, Mia" msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 289 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14346 +#: freeculture.xml:14348 msgid "" "This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons. And of " "course, Creative Commons is not the only organization pursuing such " @@ -19939,7 +19940,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14359 +#: freeculture.xml:14361 msgid "" "The aim is not to fight the <quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> sorts. The " "aim is to complement them. The problems that the law creates for us as a " @@ -19954,7 +19955,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14372 +#: freeculture.xml:14374 msgid "" "Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate " "to better spread their content. Cory Doctorow, for example, is a science " @@ -19964,7 +19965,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14379 +#: freeculture.xml:14381 msgid "" "Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned " "like this: There are two groups of people out there: (1) those who will buy " @@ -19978,7 +19979,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14391 +#: freeculture.xml:14393 msgid "" "Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion. " "The book's first printing was exhausted months before the publisher had " @@ -19986,18 +19987,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14396 +#: freeculture.xml:14398 msgid "Free for All (Wayner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14397 +#: freeculture.xml:14399 msgid "Wayner, Peter" msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 290 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14399 +#: freeculture.xml:14401 msgid "" "The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was " "confirmed by the experience of another author. Peter Wayner, who wrote a " @@ -20009,23 +20010,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14410 +#: freeculture.xml:14412 msgid "Public Enemy" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14411 +#: freeculture.xml:14413 msgid "rap music" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14412 +#: freeculture.xml:14414 msgid "Leaphart, Walter" msgstr "" #. f2. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14429 +#: freeculture.xml:14431 msgid "" "<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real " "Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg " @@ -20034,7 +20035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14414 +#: freeculture.xml:14416 msgid "" "These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary " "content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There " @@ -20054,7 +20055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14438 +#: freeculture.xml:14440 msgid "" "Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons " "license just because they want to express to others the importance of " @@ -20069,7 +20070,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 291 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14450 +#: freeculture.xml:14452 msgid "" "In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million " "objects were licensed with these free-culture licenses. The next step is " @@ -20080,7 +20081,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14460 +#: freeculture.xml:14462 msgid "" "These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere " "arguments; they are action. Building a public domain is the first step to " @@ -20091,7 +20092,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14468 +#: freeculture.xml:14470 msgid "" "Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and " "creators to change the mix of rights that now govern the creative field. The " @@ -20102,12 +20103,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14482 +#: freeculture.xml:14484 msgid "THEM, SOON" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14484 +#: freeculture.xml:14486 msgid "" "<emphasis role='strong'>We will</emphasis> not reclaim a free culture by " "individual action alone. It will also take important reforms of laws. We " @@ -20117,7 +20118,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14491 +#: freeculture.xml:14493 msgid "" "In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and " "one that's specific to the most heated battle of the day, music. Each is a " @@ -20126,12 +20127,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14498 +#: freeculture.xml:14500 msgid "1. More Formalities" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14500 +#: freeculture.xml:14502 msgid "" "If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land " "upon which to build a house, you have to record the purchase in a deed. If " @@ -20141,14 +20142,14 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 293 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14507 +#: freeculture.xml:14509 msgid "" "These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements " "that we all must bear if we want our property to be protected." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14512 +#: freeculture.xml:14514 msgid "" "In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, " "regardless of whether you comply with any formality. You don't have to " @@ -20157,12 +20158,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14518 +#: freeculture.xml:14520 msgid "Why?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14521 +#: freeculture.xml:14523 msgid "" "As I suggested in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" " "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, the motivation to abolish formalities was a good " @@ -20173,7 +20174,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14530 +#: freeculture.xml:14532 msgid "" "But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a " "burden. Rather, the world without formalities is the world that burdens " @@ -20188,7 +20189,7 @@ msgstr "" #. f1. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14544 +#: freeculture.xml:14546 msgid "" "The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only. " "Obviously, I believe it would be beneficial for the same idea to be adopted " @@ -20196,7 +20197,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14542 +#: freeculture.xml:14544 msgid "" "The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>—but it should not change it by going back " @@ -20206,7 +20207,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14552 +#: freeculture.xml:14554 msgid "" "The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering " "copyrights, and renewing the claim to copyright. Traditionally, the first of " @@ -20217,12 +20218,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14564 +#: freeculture.xml:14566 msgid "REGISTRATION AND RENEWAL" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14566 +#: freeculture.xml:14568 msgid "" "Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the " "Copyright Office to register or renew a copyright. When filing that " @@ -20237,7 +20238,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14579 +#: freeculture.xml:14581 msgid "" "Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of " "extraordinary innovation in governmental design, can no longer think " @@ -20249,7 +20250,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14588 +#: freeculture.xml:14590 msgid "" "In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet. There " "are at least 32 million Web sites registered around the world. Domain name " @@ -20262,7 +20263,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 295 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14598 +#: freeculture.xml:14600 msgid "" "We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of " "copyrights. The Copyright Office may well serve as the central registry, but " @@ -20276,12 +20277,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14613 +#: freeculture.xml:14615 msgid "MARKING" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14615 +#: freeculture.xml:14617 msgid "" "It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative " "work meant that the copyright was forfeited. That was a harsh punishment for " @@ -20293,7 +20294,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14625 +#: freeculture.xml:14627 msgid "" "The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted " "and that the author wants to enforce his rights. The mark also makes it easy " @@ -20301,7 +20302,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14631 +#: freeculture.xml:14633 msgid "" "One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that " "different copyrighted works had to be differently marked. It wasn't clear " @@ -20315,7 +20316,7 @@ msgstr "" #. f2. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14648 +#: freeculture.xml:14650 msgid "" "There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved " "here. In my view, the law of derivatives creates a more complicated system " @@ -20324,7 +20325,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 296 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14641 +#: freeculture.xml:14643 msgid "" "Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be " "published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need " @@ -20340,7 +20341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14661 +#: freeculture.xml:14663 msgid "" "That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here " "again, the system needs to adjust as the technologies evolve. The best way " @@ -20350,12 +20351,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:14667 +#: freeculture.xml:14669 msgid "copyright marking of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14669 +#: freeculture.xml:14671 msgid "" "For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for " "marking CDs, it would propose that to the Copyright Office. The Copyright " @@ -20369,7 +20370,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14681 +#: freeculture.xml:14683 msgid "" "Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements. " "If photographs were marked by author and year, there would be little reason " @@ -20380,7 +20381,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14689 +#: freeculture.xml:14691 msgid "" "The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system " "does nothing to make things clear. Indeed, it seems designed to make things " @@ -20388,7 +20389,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14694 +#: freeculture.xml:14696 msgid "" "If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most " "difficult aspects of relying upon the public domain would be removed. It " @@ -20399,12 +20400,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14706 +#: freeculture.xml:14708 msgid "2. Shorter Terms" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14708 +#: freeculture.xml:14710 msgid "" "The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for " "corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural " @@ -20413,7 +20414,7 @@ msgstr "" #. f3. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14721 +#: freeculture.xml:14723 msgid "" "<quote>A Radical Rethink,</quote> <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 " "(25 January 2003): 15, available at <ulink " @@ -20421,7 +20422,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14713 +#: freeculture.xml:14715 msgid "" "In <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>, I proposed a " "seventy-five-year term, granted in five-year increments with a requirement " @@ -20434,7 +20435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14728 +#: freeculture.xml:14730 msgid "" "I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's " "term. But whether fourteen years or seventy-five, there are four principles " @@ -20443,7 +20444,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (1) #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14736 +#: freeculture.xml:14738 msgid "" "<emphasis>Keep it short:</emphasis> The term should be as long as necessary " "to give incentives to create, but no longer. If it were tied to very strong " @@ -20456,7 +20457,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (2) #. PAGE BREAK 298 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14745 +#: freeculture.xml:14747 msgid "" "<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and " "protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of " @@ -20470,13 +20471,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14757 +#: freeculture.xml:14759 msgid "veterans' pensions" msgstr "" #. f4. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14768 +#: freeculture.xml:14770 msgid "" "Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation " "and/or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at " @@ -20484,7 +20485,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14760 +#: freeculture.xml:14762 msgid "" "<emphasis>Keep it alive:</emphasis> Copyright should have to be renewed. " "Especially if the maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be " @@ -20499,7 +20500,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (4) #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14779 +#: freeculture.xml:14781 msgid "" "<emphasis>Keep it prospective:</emphasis> Whatever the term of copyright " "should be, the clearest lesson that economists teach is that a term once " @@ -20516,7 +20517,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14795 +#: freeculture.xml:14797 msgid "" "These changes together should produce an <emphasis>average</emphasis> " "copyright term that is much shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the " @@ -20524,7 +20525,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14801 +#: freeculture.xml:14803 msgid "" "No doubt the extremists will call these ideas <quote>radical.</quote> (After " "all, I call them <quote>extremists.</quote>) But again, the term I " @@ -20534,12 +20535,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14811 +#: freeculture.xml:14813 msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14815 +#: freeculture.xml:14817 msgid "" "As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted " "property owners the right to control their property from the ground to the " @@ -20550,7 +20551,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14823 +#: freeculture.xml:14825 msgid "" "Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors <quote>exclusive " "right</quote> to <quote>their writings.</quote> Congress has given authors " @@ -20562,20 +20563,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14831 +#: freeculture.xml:14833 msgid "Kaplan, Benjamin" msgstr "" #. f5. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14837 +#: freeculture.xml:14839 msgid "" "Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New " "York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14833 +#: freeculture.xml:14835 msgid "" "Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the " "exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and " @@ -20587,12 +20588,12 @@ msgstr "" #. f6. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14850 +#: freeculture.xml:14852 msgid "Ibid., 56." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14846 +#: freeculture.xml:14848 msgid "" "So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range " "of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of " @@ -20601,7 +20602,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14855 +#: freeculture.xml:14857 msgid "" "I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and " "the expansiveness of these rights of derivative use no longer make " @@ -20611,7 +20612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14862 +#: freeculture.xml:14864 msgid "" "<emphasis>Term:</emphasis> If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, " "then that right should be for a much shorter term. It makes sense to protect " @@ -20623,7 +20624,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14875 +#: freeculture.xml:14877 msgid "" "<emphasis>Scope:</emphasis> Likewise should the scope of derivative rights " "be narrowed. Again, there are some cases in which derivative rights are " @@ -20638,7 +20639,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14889 +#: freeculture.xml:14891 msgid "" "This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint " "Eastwood CD. While it makes sense to require negotiation for foreseeable " @@ -20648,12 +20649,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:14905 +#: freeculture.xml:14907 msgid "Goldstein, Paul" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14903 +#: freeculture.xml:14905 msgid "" "Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the " "Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), " @@ -20661,7 +20662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14897 +#: freeculture.xml:14899 msgid "" "In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and " "the presumption should be that other uses are not protected. This is the " @@ -20671,7 +20672,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14911 +#: freeculture.xml:14913 msgid "" "Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal " "system were small. But as we are currently seeing in the context of the " @@ -20682,7 +20683,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 301 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14918 +#: freeculture.xml:14920 msgid "" "The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the " "part explicitly drawn or by granting reuse rights upon certain statutory " @@ -20692,12 +20693,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:14928 +#: freeculture.xml:14930 msgid "4. Liberate the Music—Again" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14930 +#: freeculture.xml:14932 msgid "" "The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be " "fair to end this book without addressing the issue that is, to most people, " @@ -20707,7 +20708,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14937 +#: freeculture.xml:14939 msgid "" "The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's " "growth. It drove demand for access to the Internet more powerfully than any " @@ -20718,7 +20719,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14946 +#: freeculture.xml:14948 msgid "" "The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in " "particular, is to create the incentives for music to be composed, performed, " @@ -20728,7 +20729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14953 +#: freeculture.xml:14955 msgid "" "File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of " "content for which the performer has not been paid. But of course, that's not " @@ -20739,7 +20740,7 @@ msgstr "" #. A. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14962 +#: freeculture.xml:14964 msgid "" "There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing " "CDs." @@ -20747,7 +20748,7 @@ msgstr "" #. B. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14967 +#: freeculture.xml:14969 msgid "" "There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to " "purchasing CDs." @@ -20756,7 +20757,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 302 #. C. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14973 +#: freeculture.xml:14975 msgid "" "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content " "that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been " @@ -20765,7 +20766,7 @@ msgstr "" #. D. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14979 +#: freeculture.xml:14981 msgid "" "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content " "that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly " @@ -20773,7 +20774,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14987 +#: freeculture.xml:14989 msgid "" "Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must " "avoid burdening type D even if it aims to eliminate type A. The eagerness " @@ -20784,7 +20785,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:14995 +#: freeculture.xml:14997 msgid "" "As I said in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" " "linkend=\"piracy\"/>, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial. " @@ -20794,7 +20795,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15003 +#: freeculture.xml:15005 msgid "" "Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context " "that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should " @@ -20802,7 +20803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15008 +#: freeculture.xml:15010 msgid "" "Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive " "today because it is the easiest way to gain access to a broad range of " @@ -20817,7 +20818,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 303 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15020 +#: freeculture.xml:15022 msgid "" "But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the " "Internet today is a technology in transition. Policy makers should not make " @@ -20833,13 +20834,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:15034 +#: freeculture.xml:15036 msgid "cell phones, music streamed over" msgstr "" #. f8. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15054 +#: freeculture.xml:15056 msgid "" "See, for example, <quote>Music Media Watch,</quote> The J@pan " "Inc. Newsletter, 3 April 2002, available at <ulink " @@ -20847,7 +20848,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15036 +#: freeculture.xml:15038 msgid "" "In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give " "you access to content on the fly—such as Internet radio, content that " @@ -20869,7 +20870,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 304 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15061 +#: freeculture.xml:15063 msgid "" "This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the " "present: It is emphatically temporary. The <quote>problem</quote> with file " @@ -20885,7 +20886,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15077 +#: freeculture.xml:15079 msgid "" "The answer begins with recognizing that there are different " "<quote>problems</quote> here to solve. Let's start with type D " @@ -20899,7 +20900,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15088 +#: freeculture.xml:15090 msgid "" "Type C content raises a different <quote>problem.</quote> This is content " "that was, at one time, published and is no longer available. It may be " @@ -20911,7 +20912,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15099 +#: freeculture.xml:15101 msgid "" "Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, " "it may still be available in libraries and used book stores. But libraries " @@ -20924,7 +20925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15109 +#: freeculture.xml:15111 msgid "" "The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem " "out-of-print music fair game. If the publisher does not make copies of the " @@ -20937,7 +20938,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 305 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15120 +#: freeculture.xml:15122 msgid "" "Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure " "that artists get something from the trade of their work. For example, if the " @@ -20949,7 +20950,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15130 +#: freeculture.xml:15132 msgid "" "This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works " "available commercially. Works that are available commercially would not be " @@ -20962,7 +20963,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15140 +#: freeculture.xml:15142 msgid "" "The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only " "because the extent of the problem will change over time, as the technologies " @@ -20973,14 +20974,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15148 +#: freeculture.xml:15150 msgid "" "So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in " "this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15152 +#: freeculture.xml:15154 msgid "" "Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of " "the content industry is this: A new technology (the Internet) has harmed a " @@ -20994,7 +20995,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 306 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15163 +#: freeculture.xml:15165 msgid "" "I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or " "asbestos. But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law. " @@ -21005,17 +21006,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:15170 freeculture.xml:15212 +#: freeculture.xml:15172 freeculture.xml:15214 msgid "Promises to Keep (Fisher)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:15210 +#: freeculture.xml:15212 msgid "Fisher, William" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15176 +#: freeculture.xml:15178 msgid "" "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> William Fisher, " "<citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</citetitle> (last " @@ -21057,7 +21058,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15172 +#: freeculture.xml:15174 msgid "" "The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by " "Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -21072,7 +21073,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15226 +#: freeculture.xml:15228 msgid "" "Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million " "questions, most of which he answers well in his upcoming book, " @@ -21090,7 +21091,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 307 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15243 +#: freeculture.xml:15245 msgid "" "Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is " "not just to ensure that artists are paid, but also to ensure that the system " @@ -21103,17 +21104,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:15256 +#: freeculture.xml:15258 msgid "MusicStore" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:15258 +#: freeculture.xml:15260 msgid "prices of" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15260 +#: freeculture.xml:15262 msgid "" "No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of " "<quote>harm</quote> to an industry. But the difficulty of making that " @@ -21131,17 +21132,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:15275 +#: freeculture.xml:15277 msgid "cable vs. broadcast" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:15278 +#: freeculture.xml:15280 msgid "luxury theatres vs. video piracy in" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15280 +#: freeculture.xml:15282 msgid "" "This competition has already occurred against the background of " "<quote>free</quote> music from p2p systems. As the sellers of cable " @@ -21157,7 +21158,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15292 +#: freeculture.xml:15294 msgid "" "This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't " "lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of " @@ -21168,13 +21169,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15301 +#: freeculture.xml:15303 msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:" msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 308 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15306 +#: freeculture.xml:15308 msgid "" "The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in " "transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to " @@ -21183,19 +21184,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15313 +#: freeculture.xml:15315 msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by" msgstr "" #. 1. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15319 +#: freeculture.xml:15321 msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;" msgstr "" #. 2. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15323 +#: freeculture.xml:15325 msgid "" "permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial " "type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;" @@ -21203,14 +21204,14 @@ msgstr "" #. 3. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15329 +#: freeculture.xml:15331 msgid "" "while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the " "extent actual harm is demonstrated." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15334 +#: freeculture.xml:15336 msgid "" "But what if <quote>piracy</quote> doesn't disappear? What if there is a " "competitive market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number " @@ -21219,7 +21220,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15340 +#: freeculture.xml:15342 msgid "" "Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts " "develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue " @@ -21236,7 +21237,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 309 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15354 +#: freeculture.xml:15356 msgid "" "But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of " "type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding " @@ -21246,12 +21247,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title> -#: freeculture.xml:15365 +#: freeculture.xml:15367 msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15367 +#: freeculture.xml:15369 msgid "" "I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe " "in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, " @@ -21260,7 +21261,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15373 +#: freeculture.xml:15375 msgid "" "Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers " "have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that " @@ -21270,18 +21271,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> -#: freeculture.xml:15380 +#: freeculture.xml:15382 msgid "Nimmer, Melville" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> -#: freeculture.xml:15381 +#: freeculture.xml:15383 msgid "Supreme Court challenge of" msgstr "" #. f10. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15392 +#: freeculture.xml:15394 msgid "" "Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville " "B. Nimmer Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 " @@ -21289,7 +21290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15383 +#: freeculture.xml:15385 msgid "" "The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a " "<quote>radical</quote> by many within the profession, yet the positions that " @@ -21302,7 +21303,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15398 +#: freeculture.xml:15400 msgid "" "However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is " "not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure " @@ -21310,7 +21311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15408 +#: freeculture.xml:15410 msgid "" "A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be " "commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to " @@ -21330,7 +21331,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15403 +#: freeculture.xml:15405 msgid "" "Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits. But " "more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system " @@ -21342,7 +21343,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 310 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15432 +#: freeculture.xml:15434 msgid "" "But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for " "anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is " @@ -21352,7 +21353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15440 +#: freeculture.xml:15442 msgid "" "These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at " "the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a " @@ -21365,7 +21366,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15450 +#: freeculture.xml:15452 msgid "" "The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our " "tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty " @@ -21376,7 +21377,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15458 +#: freeculture.xml:15460 msgid "" "But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away " "from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the " @@ -21384,7 +21385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15465 +#: freeculture.xml:15467 msgid "" "Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital " "technology—the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about " @@ -21397,7 +21398,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 311 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15474 +#: freeculture.xml:15476 msgid "" "The law should regulate in certain areas of culture—but it should " "regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely " @@ -21407,7 +21408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15483 +#: freeculture.xml:15485 msgid "" "We should ask, <quote>Why?</quote> Show me why your regulation of culture is " "needed. Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your " @@ -21415,12 +21416,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: freeculture.xml:15492 +#: freeculture.xml:15494 msgid "NOTES" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15494 +#: freeculture.xml:15496 msgid "" "Throughout this text, there are references to links on the World Wide " "Web. As anyone who has tried to use the Web knows, these links can be highly " @@ -21434,12 +21435,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: freeculture.xml:15513 +#: freeculture.xml:15515 msgid "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15515 +#: freeculture.xml:15517 msgid "" "This book is the product of a long and as yet unsuccessful struggle that " "began when I read of Eric Eldred's war to keep books free. Eldred's work " @@ -21448,7 +21449,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15522 +#: freeculture.xml:15524 msgid "" "I received guidance in various places from friends and academics, including " "Glenn Brown, Peter DiCola, Jennifer Mnookin, Richard Posner, Mark Rose, and " @@ -21464,7 +21465,7 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 337 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15535 +#: freeculture.xml:15537 msgid "" "Yuko Noguchi helped me to understand the laws of Japan as well as its " "culture. I am thankful to her, and to the many in Japan who helped me " @@ -21477,7 +21478,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15546 +#: freeculture.xml:15548 msgid "" "These are the traditional sorts of help that academics regularly draw " "upon. But in addition to them, the Internet has made it possible to receive " @@ -21499,7 +21500,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15566 +#: freeculture.xml:15568 msgid "" "Richard Stallman and Michael Carroll each read the whole book in draft, and " "each provided extremely helpful correction and advice. Michael helped me to " @@ -21510,7 +21511,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: freeculture.xml:15575 +#: freeculture.xml:15577 msgid "" "Finally, and forever, I am thankful to Bettina, who has always insisted that " "there would be unending happiness away from these battles, and who has "