X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-free-culture-lessig.git/blobdiff_plain/7d3a38b336a3418ec9b2514dda5920387b8e3888..c25be8e0e4a8bcee95b40642c9d4e65e6b17dded:/freeculture.pot

diff --git a/freeculture.pot b/freeculture.pot
index 378cade..c86f34d 100644
--- a/freeculture.pot
+++ b/freeculture.pot
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-03 15:27+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-08 22:57+0300\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -471,17 +471,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:398 freeculture.xml:1048
+#: freeculture.xml:398 freeculture.xml:1052
 msgid "power, concentration of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:399 freeculture.xml:13416
+#: freeculture.xml:399 freeculture.xml:13818
 msgid "CodePink Women in Peace"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:400 freeculture.xml:421 freeculture.xml:13417
+#: freeculture.xml:400 freeculture.xml:421 freeculture.xml:13819
 msgid "Safire, William"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ msgid "INTRODUCTION"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:480 freeculture.xml:583 freeculture.xml:1037
+#: freeculture.xml:480 freeculture.xml:583 freeculture.xml:1041
 msgid "Wright brothers"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -603,17 +603,17 @@ msgid "air traffic, land ownership vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:490 freeculture.xml:14421
+#: freeculture.xml:490 freeculture.xml:14842
 msgid "land ownership, air traffic and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:4677 freeculture.xml:14422
+#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:4709 freeculture.xml:13721 freeculture.xml:14843
 msgid "property rights"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:14422
+#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:14843
 msgid "air traffic vs."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -650,12 +650,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:515 freeculture.xml:528 freeculture.xml:561 freeculture.xml:581 freeculture.xml:1017 freeculture.xml:1035 freeculture.xml:1083 freeculture.xml:9294 freeculture.xml:12766 freeculture.xml:13520
+#: freeculture.xml:515 freeculture.xml:528 freeculture.xml:561 freeculture.xml:581 freeculture.xml:767 freeculture.xml:894 freeculture.xml:1021 freeculture.xml:1039 freeculture.xml:1087 freeculture.xml:9609 freeculture.xml:13137 freeculture.xml:13922
 msgid "Causby, Thomas Lee"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:516 freeculture.xml:529 freeculture.xml:562 freeculture.xml:582 freeculture.xml:1018 freeculture.xml:1036 freeculture.xml:1084 freeculture.xml:9295 freeculture.xml:12767 freeculture.xml:13521
+#: freeculture.xml:516 freeculture.xml:529 freeculture.xml:562 freeculture.xml:582 freeculture.xml:768 freeculture.xml:895 freeculture.xml:1022 freeculture.xml:1040 freeculture.xml:1088 freeculture.xml:9610 freeculture.xml:13138 freeculture.xml:13923
 msgid "Causby, Tinie"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ msgid "Douglas, William O."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:531 freeculture.xml:4566 freeculture.xml:13812
+#: freeculture.xml:531 freeculture.xml:4598 freeculture.xml:5200 freeculture.xml:14230
 msgid "Supreme Court, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:606 freeculture.xml:9302 freeculture.xml:9961
+#: freeculture.xml:606 freeculture.xml:9617 freeculture.xml:10308
 msgid "Armstrong, Edwin Howard"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -789,12 +789,12 @@ msgid "Faraday, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:610 freeculture.xml:4308
+#: freeculture.xml:610 freeculture.xml:4340 freeculture.xml:6875 freeculture.xml:10215
 msgid "radio"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:610
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:610 freeculture.xml:6875
 msgid "FM spectrum of"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -863,18 +863,18 @@ msgid ""
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:662
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:662 freeculture.xml:6878
 msgid "RCA"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:663 freeculture.xml:2524 freeculture.xml:2542 freeculture.xml:2576 freeculture.xml:2578
+#: freeculture.xml:663 freeculture.xml:2540 freeculture.xml:2558 freeculture.xml:2592 freeculture.xml:2594
 msgid "media"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:663 freeculture.xml:2578
+#: freeculture.xml:663 freeculture.xml:2594
 msgid "ownership concentration in"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -922,8 +922,8 @@ msgid ""
 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:694
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:694 freeculture.xml:6874
 msgid "FM radio"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #. PAGE BREAK 22
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:768
+#: freeculture.xml:770
 msgid ""
 "This is how the law sometimes works. Not often this tragically, and rarely "
 "with heroic drama, but sometimes, this is how it works. From the beginning, "
@@ -1044,18 +1044,18 @@ msgid ""
 "did not: the power to stifle the effect of technological change."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:785 freeculture.xml:1156 freeculture.xml:2395 freeculture.xml:2407 freeculture.xml:2491 freeculture.xml:2525 freeculture.xml:2551 freeculture.xml:2801 freeculture.xml:7339 freeculture.xml:13068
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:787 freeculture.xml:1160 freeculture.xml:2411 freeculture.xml:2423 freeculture.xml:2507 freeculture.xml:2541 freeculture.xml:2567 freeculture.xml:2817 freeculture.xml:6759 freeculture.xml:7615 freeculture.xml:7688 freeculture.xml:10214 freeculture.xml:13453 freeculture.xml:14013 freeculture.xml:14014 freeculture.xml:14088
 msgid "Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:785 freeculture.xml:13068
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:787 freeculture.xml:4749 freeculture.xml:13453 freeculture.xml:14013
 msgid "development of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:793
+#: freeculture.xml:795
 msgid ""
 "Amanda Lenhart, <quote>The Ever-Shifting Internet Population: A New Look at "
 "Internet Access and the Digital Divide,</quote> Pew Internet and American "
@@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:787
+#: freeculture.xml:789
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role=\"strong\">There's no</emphasis> single inventor of the "
 "Internet. Nor is there any good date upon which to mark its birth. Yet in a "
@@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:802
+#: freeculture.xml:804
 msgid ""
 "As the Internet has been integrated into ordinary life, it has changed "
 "things. Some of these changes are technical&mdash;the Internet has made "
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:813
+#: freeculture.xml:815
 msgid ""
 "Instead, this book is about an effect of the Internet beyond the Internet "
 "itself: an effect upon how culture is made. My claim is that the Internet "
@@ -1101,28 +1101,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:822
+#: freeculture.xml:824
 msgid "Barlow, Joel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:823
+#: freeculture.xml:825
 msgid "culture"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:823
+#: freeculture.xml:825
 msgid "commercial vs. noncommercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:824
+#: freeculture.xml:826
 msgid "Webster, Noah"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 23 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:826
+#: freeculture.xml:828
 msgid ""
 "We can glimpse a sense of this change by distinguishing between commercial "
 "and noncommercial culture, and by mapping the law's regulation of each. By "
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:838
+#: freeculture.xml:840
 msgid ""
 "At the beginning of our history, and for just about the whole of our "
 "tradition, noncommercial culture was essentially unregulated. Of course, if "
@@ -1150,22 +1150,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:848 freeculture.xml:2898 freeculture.xml:2899 freeculture.xml:2926 freeculture.xml:2927 freeculture.xml:2928 freeculture.xml:9361 freeculture.xml:9362
+#: freeculture.xml:850 freeculture.xml:2914 freeculture.xml:2915 freeculture.xml:2942 freeculture.xml:2943 freeculture.xml:2944 freeculture.xml:7847 freeculture.xml:9676 freeculture.xml:9677 freeculture.xml:9949 freeculture.xml:9950 freeculture.xml:9951 freeculture.xml:9994
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:848
+#: freeculture.xml:850
 msgid "commercial creativity as primary purpose of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:864 freeculture.xml:1998 freeculture.xml:2011
+#: freeculture.xml:866 freeculture.xml:2002 freeculture.xml:2015
 msgid "Brandeis, Louis D."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:856
+#: freeculture.xml:858
 msgid ""
 "This is not the only purpose of copyright, though it is the overwhelmingly "
 "primary purpose of the copyright established in the federal constitution.  "
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:850
+#: freeculture.xml:852
 msgid ""
 "The focus of the law was on commercial creativity. At first slightly, then "
 "quite extensively, the law protected the incentives of creators by granting "
@@ -1190,40 +1190,40 @@ msgid ""
 "a controlled part, balanced with the free."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:871 freeculture.xml:1757
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:873 freeculture.xml:1761 freeculture.xml:5307 freeculture.xml:6532 freeculture.xml:14053
 msgid "free culture"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:871
+#: freeculture.xml:873
 msgid "permission culture vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:872
+#: freeculture.xml:874
 msgid "permission culture"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:872
+#: freeculture.xml:874
 msgid "free culture vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:878 freeculture.xml:9854
+#: freeculture.xml:880 freeculture.xml:10199
 msgid "Litman, Jessica"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:876
+#: freeculture.xml:878
 msgid ""
 "See Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (New York: "
 "Prometheus Books, 2001), ch. 13.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:874
+#: freeculture.xml:876
 msgid ""
 "This rough divide between the free and the controlled has now been "
 "erased.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Internet has set the "
@@ -1239,12 +1239,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:892
+#: freeculture.xml:896
 msgid "protection of artists vs. business interests"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:894
+#: freeculture.xml:898
 msgid ""
 "This change gets justified as necessary to protect commercial creativity.  "
 "And indeed, protectionism is precisely its motivation. But the protectionism "
@@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:908
+#: freeculture.xml:912
 msgid ""
 "For the Internet has unleashed an extraordinary possibility for many to "
 "participate in the process of building and cultivating a culture that "
@@ -1279,7 +1279,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:927
+#: freeculture.xml:931
 msgid ""
 "Yet, as I argue in the pages that follow, that is precisely what is "
 "happening in our culture today. These modern-day equivalents of the early "
@@ -1289,18 +1289,18 @@ msgid ""
 "to remake the Internet before the Internet remakes them."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:936
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:940 freeculture.xml:7570
 msgid "Valenti, Jack"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:936
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:940 freeculture.xml:7570
 msgid "on creative property rights"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:946
+#: freeculture.xml:950
 msgid ""
 "Amy Harmon, <quote>Black Hawk Download: Moving Beyond Music, Pirates Use New "
 "Tools to Turn the Net into an Illicit Video Club,</quote> <citetitle>New "
@@ -1308,7 +1308,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:938
+#: freeculture.xml:942
 msgid ""
 "It doesn't seem this way to many. The battles over copyright and the "
 "Internet seem remote to most. To the few who follow them, they seem mainly "
@@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:955
+#: freeculture.xml:959
 msgid ""
 "If those really were the choices, then I would be with Jack Valenti and the "
 "content industry. I, too, am a believer in property, and especially in the "
@@ -1335,7 +1335,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:963
+#: freeculture.xml:967
 msgid ""
 "But those simple beliefs mask a much more fundamental question and a much "
 "more dramatic change. My fear is that unless we come to see this change, the "
@@ -1344,37 +1344,37 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:968 freeculture.xml:11087 freeculture.xml:11733
+#: freeculture.xml:972 freeculture.xml:6910 freeculture.xml:7023 freeculture.xml:7024 freeculture.xml:7025 freeculture.xml:7070 freeculture.xml:7658 freeculture.xml:11458 freeculture.xml:12104
 msgid "Constitution, U.S."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:968
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:972 freeculture.xml:6910 freeculture.xml:7658
 msgid "First Amendment to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:969 freeculture.xml:1134 freeculture.xml:1241 freeculture.xml:1266 freeculture.xml:1610 freeculture.xml:1654 freeculture.xml:1768 freeculture.xml:3159 freeculture.xml:4306 freeculture.xml:4307 freeculture.xml:7338 freeculture.xml:7468
+#: freeculture.xml:973 freeculture.xml:1138 freeculture.xml:1245 freeculture.xml:1270 freeculture.xml:1614 freeculture.xml:1658 freeculture.xml:1772 freeculture.xml:3175 freeculture.xml:3266 freeculture.xml:4338 freeculture.xml:4339 freeculture.xml:4749 freeculture.xml:4750 freeculture.xml:5351 freeculture.xml:6534 freeculture.xml:6977 freeculture.xml:7057 freeculture.xml:7058 freeculture.xml:7242 freeculture.xml:7341 freeculture.xml:7373 freeculture.xml:7403 freeculture.xml:7438 freeculture.xml:7552 freeculture.xml:7553 freeculture.xml:7614 freeculture.xml:7648 freeculture.xml:7753 freeculture.xml:7767 freeculture.xml:7826 freeculture.xml:7827 freeculture.xml:7925 freeculture.xml:9837 freeculture.xml:10188
 msgid "copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:969
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:973 freeculture.xml:7057
 msgid "as protection of creators"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:970
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:974 freeculture.xml:6911 freeculture.xml:7659
 msgid "First Amendment"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:971 freeculture.xml:981 freeculture.xml:14820
+#: freeculture.xml:975 freeculture.xml:985 freeculture.xml:15241
 msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:979
+#: freeculture.xml:983
 msgid ""
 "Neil W. Netanel, <quote>Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Yale Law Journal</citetitle> 106 (1996): 283.  <placeholder "
@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:973
+#: freeculture.xml:977
 msgid ""
 "These values built a tradition that, for at least the first 180 years of our "
 "Republic, guaranteed creators the right to build freely upon their past, and "
@@ -1396,7 +1396,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:989
+#: freeculture.xml:993
 msgid ""
 "Yet the law's response to the Internet, when tied to changes in the "
 "technology of the Internet itself, has massively increased the effective "
@@ -1409,7 +1409,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1001
+#: freeculture.xml:1005
 msgid ""
 "The story that follows is about this war. Is it not about the "
 "<quote>centrality of technology</quote> to ordinary life. I don't believe in "
@@ -1419,7 +1419,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1009
+#: freeculture.xml:1013
 msgid ""
 "It is instead an effort to understand a hopelessly destructive war inspired "
 "by the technologies of the Internet but reaching far beyond its code. And by "
@@ -1431,12 +1431,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1019 freeculture.xml:13067
+#: freeculture.xml:1023 freeculture.xml:13369 freeculture.xml:13452 freeculture.xml:13622
 msgid "intellectual property rights"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1021
+#: freeculture.xml:1025
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Like the Causbys'</emphasis> battle, this war is, "
 "in part, about <quote>property.</quote> The property of this war is not as "
@@ -1455,7 +1455,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #. PAGE BREAK 27
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1039
+#: freeculture.xml:1043
 msgid ""
 "And thus, when geeks and technologists defend their Armstrong or Wright "
 "brothers technology, most of us are simply unsympathetic.  Common sense does "
@@ -1465,7 +1465,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1050
+#: freeculture.xml:1054
 msgid ""
 "My hope is to push this common sense along. I have become increasingly "
 "amazed by the power of this idea of intellectual property and, more "
@@ -1478,7 +1478,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1060
+#: freeculture.xml:1064
 msgid ""
 "The puzzle is, Why? Is it because we have come to understand a truth about "
 "the value and importance of absolute property over ideas and culture? Is it "
@@ -1487,14 +1487,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1066
+#: freeculture.xml:1070
 msgid ""
 "Or is it because the idea of absolute property over ideas and culture "
 "benefits the RCAs of our time and fits our own unreflective intuitions?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1070
+#: freeculture.xml:1074
 msgid ""
 "Is the radical shift away from our tradition of free culture an instance of "
 "America correcting a mistake from its past, as we did after a bloody war "
@@ -1504,7 +1504,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1077
+#: freeculture.xml:1081
 msgid ""
 "Does common sense lead to the extremes on this question because common sense "
 "actually believes in these extremes? Or does common sense stand silent in "
@@ -1514,7 +1514,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 28 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1086
+#: freeculture.xml:1090
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean to be mysterious. My own views are resolved. I believe it was "
 "right for common sense to revolt against the extremism of the Causbys. I "
@@ -1526,7 +1526,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1097
+#: freeculture.xml:1101
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role=\"strong\">The struggle</emphasis> that rages just now "
 "centers on two ideas: <quote>piracy</quote> and <quote>property.</quote> My "
@@ -1534,7 +1534,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1102
+#: freeculture.xml:1106
 msgid ""
 "My method is not the usual method of an academic. I don't want to plunge you "
 "into a complex argument, buttressed with references to obscure French "
@@ -1545,7 +1545,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1110
+#: freeculture.xml:1114
 msgid ""
 "The two sections set up the core claim of this book: that while the Internet "
 "has indeed produced something fantastic and new, our government, pushed by "
@@ -1559,7 +1559,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1121
+#: freeculture.xml:1125
 msgid ""
 "We allow this, I believe, not because it is right, and not because most of "
 "us really believe in these changes. We allow it because the interests most "
@@ -1570,32 +1570,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:1131
+#: freeculture.xml:1135
 msgid "<quote>PIRACY</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1134
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1138 freeculture.xml:4750
 msgid "English"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1135 freeculture.xml:5079
+#: freeculture.xml:1139 freeculture.xml:5160
 msgid "Mansfield, William Murray, Lord"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1136
+#: freeculture.xml:1140
 msgid "music publishing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1137 freeculture.xml:3247
+#: freeculture.xml:1141 freeculture.xml:3263
 msgid "sheet music"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1139
+#: freeculture.xml:1143
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Since the inception</emphasis> of the law "
 "regulating creative property, there has been a war against "
@@ -1607,14 +1607,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1151
+#: freeculture.xml:1155
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 "
 "Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777) (Mansfield)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1147
+#: freeculture.xml:1151
 msgid ""
 "A person may use the copy by playing it, but he has no right to rob the "
 "author of the profit, by multiplying copies and disposing of them for his "
@@ -1622,23 +1622,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1156
+#: freeculture.xml:1160
 msgid "efficient content distribution on"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1157
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1161 freeculture.xml:6760
 msgid "peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1157
+#: freeculture.xml:1161
 msgid "efficiency of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 31 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1159
+#: freeculture.xml:1163
 msgid ""
 "Today we are in the middle of another <quote>war</quote> against "
 "<quote>piracy.</quote> The Internet has provoked this war. The Internet "
@@ -1649,7 +1649,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1168
+#: freeculture.xml:1172
 msgid ""
 "This efficiency does not respect the traditional lines of copyright.  The "
 "network doesn't discriminate between the sharing of copyrighted and "
@@ -1659,7 +1659,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1177
+#: freeculture.xml:1181
 msgid ""
 "The warriors have turned to the courts, to the legislatures, and "
 "increasingly to technology to defend their <quote>property</quote> against "
@@ -1670,7 +1670,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1185
+#: freeculture.xml:1189
 msgid ""
 "There's no doubt that <quote>piracy</quote> is wrong, and that pirates "
 "should be punished. But before we summon the executioners, we should put "
@@ -1680,12 +1680,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1191
+#: freeculture.xml:1195
 msgid "The idea goes something like this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1195
+#: freeculture.xml:1199
 msgid ""
 "Creative work has value; whenever I use, or take, or build upon the creative "
 "work of others, I am taking from them something of value. Whenever I take "
@@ -1695,38 +1695,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1203
+#: freeculture.xml:1207
 msgid "ASCAP"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1204
+#: freeculture.xml:1208
 msgid "Dreyfuss, Rochelle"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1205
+#: freeculture.xml:1209
 msgid "Girl Scouts"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1206
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1210 freeculture.xml:7028 freeculture.xml:7128 freeculture.xml:7571
 msgid "creative property"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1206
+#: freeculture.xml:1210
 msgid "<quote>if value, then right</quote> theory of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1207 freeculture.xml:3055
+#: freeculture.xml:1211 freeculture.xml:3071
 msgid "<quote>if value, then right</quote> theory"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1213
+#: freeculture.xml:1217
 msgid ""
 "See Rochelle Dreyfuss, <quote>Expressive Genericity: Trademarks as Language "
 "in the Pepsi Generation,</quote> <citetitle>Notre Dame Law "
@@ -1734,12 +1734,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1226 freeculture.xml:7241
+#: freeculture.xml:1230 freeculture.xml:7507
 msgid "Zittrain, Jonathan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1221
+#: freeculture.xml:1225
 msgid ""
 "Lisa Bannon, <quote>The Birds May Sing, but Campers Can't Unless They Pay "
 "Up,</quote> <citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 21 August 1996, "
@@ -1751,7 +1751,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1209
+#: freeculture.xml:1213
 msgid ""
 "This view runs deep within the current debates. It is what NYU law professor "
 "Rochelle Dreyfuss criticizes as the <quote>if value, then right</quote> "
@@ -1766,7 +1766,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 32 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1233
+#: freeculture.xml:1237
 msgid ""
 "This idea is certainly a possible understanding of how creative property "
 "should work. It might well be a possible design for a system of law "
@@ -1776,22 +1776,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1241 freeculture.xml:7468
+#: freeculture.xml:1245 freeculture.xml:7341 freeculture.xml:7438 freeculture.xml:7753
 msgid "on republishing vs. transformation of original work"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1242 freeculture.xml:1424 freeculture.xml:1581
+#: freeculture.xml:1246 freeculture.xml:1428 freeculture.xml:1585
 msgid "creativity"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1242
+#: freeculture.xml:1246
 msgid "legal restrictions on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1244
+#: freeculture.xml:1248
 msgid ""
 "Instead, in our tradition, intellectual property is an instrument. It sets "
 "the groundwork for a richly creative society but remains subservient to the "
@@ -1801,7 +1801,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1251
+#: freeculture.xml:1255
 msgid ""
 "The source of this confusion is a distinction that the law no longer takes "
 "care to draw&mdash;the distinction between republishing someone's work on "
@@ -1811,7 +1811,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1259
+#: freeculture.xml:1263
 msgid ""
 "Before the technologies of the Internet, this conflation didn't matter all "
 "that much. The technologies of publishing were expensive; that meant the "
@@ -1821,22 +1821,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1266
+#: freeculture.xml:1270
 msgid "creativity impeded by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1267 freeculture.xml:1298
+#: freeculture.xml:1271 freeculture.xml:1302
 msgid "Florida, Richard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1268 freeculture.xml:1299
+#: freeculture.xml:1272 freeculture.xml:1303
 msgid "Rise of the Creative Class, The (Florida)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1290
+#: freeculture.xml:1294
 msgid ""
 "In <citetitle>The Rise of the Creative Class</citetitle> (New York: Basic "
 "Books, 2002), Richard Florida documents a shift in the nature of labor "
@@ -1849,7 +1849,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1270
+#: freeculture.xml:1274
 msgid ""
 "But with the birth of the Internet, this natural limit to the reach of the "
 "law has disappeared. The law controls not just the creativity of commercial "
@@ -1871,7 +1871,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1306
+#: freeculture.xml:1310
 msgid ""
 "These burdens make no sense in our tradition. We should begin by "
 "understanding that tradition a bit more and by placing in their proper "
@@ -1879,42 +1879,42 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:1314
+#: freeculture.xml:1318
 msgid "CHAPTER ONE: Creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1315
+#: freeculture.xml:1319
 msgid "animated cartoons"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1316
+#: freeculture.xml:1320
 msgid "cartoon films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1317 freeculture.xml:5953 freeculture.xml:5997
+#: freeculture.xml:1321 freeculture.xml:5355 freeculture.xml:5389 freeculture.xml:6101 freeculture.xml:6145
 msgid "films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1317
+#: freeculture.xml:1321
 msgid "animated"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1318
+#: freeculture.xml:1322
 msgid "Steamboat Willie"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1319 freeculture.xml:7265
+#: freeculture.xml:1323 freeculture.xml:7532
 msgid "Mickey Mouse"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1321
+#: freeculture.xml:1325
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role=\"strong\">In 1928</emphasis>, a cartoon character was "
 "born. An early Mickey Mouse made his debut in May of that year, in a silent "
@@ -1925,12 +1925,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1327 freeculture.xml:1544 freeculture.xml:1598 freeculture.xml:1739 freeculture.xml:1985 freeculture.xml:4553 freeculture.xml:6129 freeculture.xml:7264 freeculture.xml:10708 freeculture.xml:11090
+#: freeculture.xml:1331 freeculture.xml:1548 freeculture.xml:1602 freeculture.xml:1743 freeculture.xml:1989 freeculture.xml:4585 freeculture.xml:6277 freeculture.xml:7531 freeculture.xml:11079 freeculture.xml:11461
 msgid "Disney, Walt"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1329
+#: freeculture.xml:1333
 msgid ""
 "Synchronized sound had been introduced to film a year earlier in the movie "
 "<citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle>. That success led Walt Disney to copy "
@@ -1942,7 +1942,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 35 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1338
+#: freeculture.xml:1342
 msgid ""
 "A couple of my boys could read music, and one of them could play a mouth "
 "organ. We put them in a room where they could not see the screen and "
@@ -1951,7 +1951,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1345
+#: freeculture.xml:1349
 msgid ""
 "The boys worked from a music and sound-effects score. After several false "
 "starts, sound and action got off with the gun. The mouth organist played the "
@@ -1961,14 +1961,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1358
+#: freeculture.xml:1362
 msgid ""
 "Leonard Maltin, <citetitle>Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated "
 "Cartoons</citetitle> (New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 34&ndash;35."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1352
+#: freeculture.xml:1356
 msgid ""
 "The effect on our little audience was nothing less than electric.  They "
 "responded almost instinctively to this union of sound and motion. I thought "
@@ -1978,12 +1978,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1363
+#: freeculture.xml:1367
 msgid "Iwerks, Ub"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1365
+#: freeculture.xml:1369
 msgid ""
 "Disney's then partner, and one of animation's most extraordinary talents, Ub "
 "Iwerks, put it more strongly: <quote>I have never been so thrilled in my "
@@ -1991,7 +1991,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1370
+#: freeculture.xml:1374
 msgid ""
 "Disney had created something very new, based upon something relatively "
 "new. Synchronized sound brought life to a form of creativity that had "
@@ -2003,17 +2003,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1379 freeculture.xml:1741
+#: freeculture.xml:1383 freeculture.xml:1745
 msgid "Keaton, Buster"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1380 freeculture.xml:1611 freeculture.xml:1999
+#: freeculture.xml:1384 freeculture.xml:1615 freeculture.xml:2003
 msgid "Steamboat Bill, Jr."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1382
+#: freeculture.xml:1386
 msgid ""
 "This much is familiar. What you might not know is that 1928 also marks "
 "another important transition. In that year, a comic (as opposed to cartoon) "
@@ -2022,7 +2022,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1388
+#: freeculture.xml:1392
 msgid ""
 "Keaton was born into a vaudeville family in 1895. In the era of silent film, "
 "he had mastered using broad physical comedy as a way to spark uncontrollable "
@@ -2033,28 +2033,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1395 freeculture.xml:1552 freeculture.xml:7341 freeculture.xml:7441
+#: freeculture.xml:1399 freeculture.xml:1556 freeculture.xml:7342 freeculture.xml:7439 freeculture.xml:7617 freeculture.xml:7726 freeculture.xml:7768
 msgid "derivative works"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1395 freeculture.xml:1552 freeculture.xml:7341
+#: freeculture.xml:1399 freeculture.xml:1556 freeculture.xml:7439 freeculture.xml:7617
 msgid "piracy vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1396 freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:3054 freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:7342 freeculture.xml:14886
+#: freeculture.xml:1400 freeculture.xml:1559 freeculture.xml:3070 freeculture.xml:3769 freeculture.xml:7440 freeculture.xml:7618 freeculture.xml:15307
 msgid "piracy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1396 freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:7342
+#: freeculture.xml:1400 freeculture.xml:1559 freeculture.xml:7440 freeculture.xml:7618
 msgid "derivative work vs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1404
+#: freeculture.xml:1408
 msgid ""
 "I am grateful to David Gerstein and his careful history, described at <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #4</ulink>.  According to Dave "
@@ -2068,7 +2068,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1398
+#: freeculture.xml:1402
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. appeared before Disney's cartoon "
 "Steamboat Willie.  The coincidence of titles is not coincidental. Steamboat "
@@ -2082,18 +2082,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1424 freeculture.xml:1581
+#: freeculture.xml:1428 freeculture.xml:1585
 msgid "by transforming previous works"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1425 freeculture.xml:6170
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1429 freeculture.xml:6318 freeculture.xml:7825
 msgid "Disney, Inc."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1431
+#: freeculture.xml:1435
 msgid ""
 "He was also a fan of the public domain. See Chris Sprigman, <quote>The Mouse "
 "that Ate the Public Domain,</quote> Findlaw, 5 March 2002, at <ulink "
@@ -2101,7 +2101,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1427
+#: freeculture.xml:1431
 msgid ""
 "This <quote>borrowing</quote> was nothing unique, either for Disney or for "
 "the industry. Disney was always parroting the feature-length mainstream "
@@ -2116,12 +2116,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1445 freeculture.xml:1740 freeculture.xml:10709
+#: freeculture.xml:1449 freeculture.xml:1744 freeculture.xml:11080
 msgid "Grimm fairy tales"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1447
+#: freeculture.xml:1451
 msgid ""
 "Sometimes this borrowing was slight. Sometimes it was significant.  Think "
 "about the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. If you're as oblivious as I "
@@ -2134,7 +2134,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 37 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1456
+#: freeculture.xml:1460
 msgid ""
 "Disney took these stories and retold them in a way that carried them into a "
 "new age. He animated the stories, with both characters and light. Without "
@@ -2161,7 +2161,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1479
+#: freeculture.xml:1483
 msgid ""
 "This is a kind of creativity. It is a creativity that we should remember and "
 "celebrate. There are some who would say that there is no creativity except "
@@ -2173,33 +2173,33 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1490 freeculture.xml:11088 freeculture.xml:11089
+#: freeculture.xml:1494 freeculture.xml:4802 freeculture.xml:4803 freeculture.xml:4869 freeculture.xml:4907 freeculture.xml:4963 freeculture.xml:5009 freeculture.xml:5144 freeculture.xml:5238 freeculture.xml:6728 freeculture.xml:7026 freeculture.xml:7027 freeculture.xml:7030 freeculture.xml:7099 freeculture.xml:7125 freeculture.xml:7164 freeculture.xml:7287 freeculture.xml:7334 freeculture.xml:7371 freeculture.xml:7679 freeculture.xml:7846 freeculture.xml:11459 freeculture.xml:11460
 msgid "copyright"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1490 freeculture.xml:11089
+#: freeculture.xml:1494 freeculture.xml:4802 freeculture.xml:4963 freeculture.xml:7027 freeculture.xml:7030 freeculture.xml:7125 freeculture.xml:11460
 msgid "duration of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1491 freeculture.xml:1492 freeculture.xml:7822 freeculture.xml:13072 freeculture.xml:13829 freeculture.xml:13830
+#: freeculture.xml:1495 freeculture.xml:1496 freeculture.xml:5239 freeculture.xml:7129 freeculture.xml:7252 freeculture.xml:8137 freeculture.xml:13457 freeculture.xml:14247 freeculture.xml:14248
 msgid "public domain"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1491
+#: freeculture.xml:1495
 msgid "defined"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1492
+#: freeculture.xml:1496
 msgid "traditional term for conversion to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1499
+#: freeculture.xml:1503
 msgid ""
 "Until 1976, copyright law granted an author the possibility of two terms: an "
 "initial term and a renewal term. I have calculated the "
@@ -2213,7 +2213,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1493
+#: freeculture.xml:1497
 msgid ""
 "In 1928, the culture that Disney was free to draw upon was relatively "
 "fresh. The public domain in 1928 was not very old and was therefore quite "
@@ -2227,7 +2227,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1516
+#: freeculture.xml:1520
 msgid ""
 "At the end of a copyright term, a work passes into the public domain.  No "
 "permission is then needed to draw upon or use that work. No permission and, "
@@ -2240,7 +2240,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 38 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1527
+#: freeculture.xml:1531
 msgid ""
 "This is the ways things always were&mdash;until quite recently. For most of "
 "our history, the public domain was just over the horizon. From until 1978, "
@@ -2253,7 +2253,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1546
+#: freeculture.xml:1550
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Of course</emphasis>, Walt Disney had no monopoly "
 "on <quote>Walt Disney creativity.</quote> Nor does America. The norm of free "
@@ -2262,22 +2262,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1551 freeculture.xml:1655 freeculture.xml:1769
+#: freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:1659 freeculture.xml:1773
 msgid "comics, Japanese"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1553 freeculture.xml:1771
+#: freeculture.xml:1557 freeculture.xml:1775
 msgid "Japanese comics"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1554 freeculture.xml:1772
+#: freeculture.xml:1558 freeculture.xml:1776
 msgid "manga"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1557
+#: freeculture.xml:1561
 msgid ""
 "Consider, for example, a form of creativity that seems strange to many "
 "Americans but that is inescapable within Japanese culture: "
@@ -2289,7 +2289,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1566
+#: freeculture.xml:1570
 msgid ""
 "Americans tend to look down upon this form of culture. That's an "
 "unattractive characteristic of ours. We're likely to misunderstand much "
@@ -2303,7 +2303,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1577
+#: freeculture.xml:1581
 msgid ""
 "But my purpose here is not to understand manga. It is to describe a variant "
 "on manga that from a lawyer's perspective is quite odd, but from a Disney "
@@ -2311,13 +2311,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1582 freeculture.xml:1770
+#: freeculture.xml:1586 freeculture.xml:1774
 msgid "doujinshi comics"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 39 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1584
+#: freeculture.xml:1588
 msgid ""
 "This is the phenomenon of <citetitle>doujinshi</citetitle>. Doujinshi are "
 "also comics, but they are a kind of copycat comic. A rich ethic governs the "
@@ -2334,7 +2334,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1600
+#: freeculture.xml:1604
 msgid ""
 "These copycat comics are not a tiny part of the manga market. They are "
 "huge. More than 33,000 <quote>circles</quote> of creators from across Japan "
@@ -2348,12 +2348,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1610 freeculture.xml:1654 freeculture.xml:1768
+#: freeculture.xml:1614 freeculture.xml:1658 freeculture.xml:1772
 msgid "Japanese"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1613
+#: freeculture.xml:1617
 msgid ""
 "The most puzzling feature of the doujinshi market, for those trained in the "
 "law, at least, is that it is allowed to exist at all. Under Japanese "
@@ -2370,20 +2370,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1627
+#: freeculture.xml:1631
 msgid "Winick, Judd"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1639
+#: freeculture.xml:1643
 msgid ""
 "For an excellent history, see Scott McCloud, <citetitle>Reinventing "
 "Comics</citetitle> (New York: Perennial, 2000)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1629
+#: freeculture.xml:1633
 msgid ""
 "Yet this illegal market exists and indeed flourishes in Japan, and in the "
 "view of many, it is precisely because it exists that Japanese manga "
@@ -2396,12 +2396,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1644
+#: freeculture.xml:1648
 msgid "Superman comics"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1646
+#: freeculture.xml:1650
 msgid ""
 "American comics now are quite different, Winick explains, in part because of "
 "the legal difficulty of adapting comics the way doujinshi are "
@@ -2412,13 +2412,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1656
+#: freeculture.xml:1660
 msgid "Mehra, Salil"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1666
+#: freeculture.xml:1670
 msgid ""
 "See Salil K. Mehra, <quote>Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain "
 "Why All the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?</quote> "
@@ -2432,7 +2432,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1658
+#: freeculture.xml:1662
 msgid ""
 "The norm in Japan mitigates this legal difficulty. Some say it is precisely "
 "the benefit accruing to the Japanese manga market that explains the "
@@ -2444,7 +2444,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1680
+#: freeculture.xml:1684
 msgid ""
 "The problem with this story, however, as Mehra plainly acknowledges, is that "
 "the mechanism producing this laissez faire response is not clear. It may "
@@ -2457,7 +2457,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1693
+#: freeculture.xml:1697
 msgid ""
 "I spent four wonderful months in Japan, and I asked this question as often "
 "as I could. Perhaps the best account in the end was offered by a friend from "
@@ -2468,7 +2468,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 41 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1700
+#: freeculture.xml:1704
 msgid ""
 "This is a theme to which we will return: that regulation by law is a "
 "function of both the words on the books and the costs of making those words "
@@ -2481,12 +2481,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1713
+#: freeculture.xml:1717
 msgid "<emphasis role='strong'>Let's pause</emphasis> for a moment."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1716
+#: freeculture.xml:1720
 msgid ""
 "If you're like I was a decade ago, or like most people are when they first "
 "start thinking about these issues, then just about now you should be puzzled "
@@ -2494,12 +2494,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1726 freeculture.xml:3072 freeculture.xml:4777 freeculture.xml:5005 freeculture.xml:7641 freeculture.xml:8754
+#: freeculture.xml:1730 freeculture.xml:3088 freeculture.xml:4815 freeculture.xml:5074 freeculture.xml:7956 freeculture.xml:9069
 msgid "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1726
+#: freeculture.xml:1730
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> The term <citetitle>intellectual "
 "property</citetitle> is of relatively recent origin. See Siva Vaidhyanathan, "
@@ -2512,7 +2512,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1721
+#: freeculture.xml:1725
 msgid ""
 "We live in a world that celebrates <quote>property.</quote> I am one of "
 "those celebrants.  I believe in the value of property in general, and I also "
@@ -2524,7 +2524,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1743
+#: freeculture.xml:1747
 msgid ""
 "But it takes just a second's reflection to realize that there is plenty of "
 "value out there that <quote>property</quote> doesn't capture. I don't mean "
@@ -2541,13 +2541,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1757
+#: freeculture.xml:1761
 msgid "derivative works based on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 42 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1759
+#: freeculture.xml:1763
 msgid ""
 "Thus, even though the things that Disney took&mdash;or more generally, the "
 "things taken by anyone exercising Walt Disney creativity&mdash;are valuable, "
@@ -2556,7 +2556,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1774
+#: freeculture.xml:1778
 msgid ""
 "The same with the doujinshi culture. If a doujinshi artist broke into a "
 "publisher's office and ran off with a thousand copies of his latest "
@@ -2567,7 +2567,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1783
+#: freeculture.xml:1787
 msgid ""
 "Yet there is an obvious reluctance, even among Japanese lawyers, to say that "
 "the copycat comic artists are <quote>stealing.</quote> This form of Walt "
@@ -2575,13 +2575,13 @@ msgid ""
 "find it hard to say why."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1794 freeculture.xml:4719 freeculture.xml:5165
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1798 freeculture.xml:4755 freeculture.xml:4887 freeculture.xml:4924 freeculture.xml:5254
 msgid "Shakespeare, William"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1796
+#: freeculture.xml:1800
 msgid ""
 "It's the same with a thousand examples that appear everywhere once you begin "
 "to look. Scientists build upon the work of other scientists without asking "
@@ -2598,7 +2598,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 43 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1810
+#: freeculture.xml:1814
 msgid ""
 "Creators here and everywhere are always and at all times building upon the "
 "creativity that went before and that surrounds them now.  That building is "
@@ -2611,7 +2611,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1822
+#: freeculture.xml:1826
 msgid ""
 "The hard question is therefore not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> a culture is "
 "free. All cultures are free to some degree. The hard question instead is "
@@ -2625,7 +2625,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1834
+#: freeculture.xml:1838
 msgid ""
 "Free cultures are cultures that leave a great deal open for others to build "
 "upon; unfree, or permission, cultures leave much less. Ours was a free "
@@ -2633,27 +2633,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:1843
+#: freeculture.xml:1847
 msgid "CHAPTER TWO: <quote>Mere Copyists</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1844
+#: freeculture.xml:1848
 msgid "Daguerre, Louis"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1845 freeculture.xml:2000 freeculture.xml:2055 freeculture.xml:6660
+#: freeculture.xml:1849 freeculture.xml:2004 freeculture.xml:2059 freeculture.xml:6837
 msgid "camera technology"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1846
+#: freeculture.xml:1850
 msgid "photography"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1848
+#: freeculture.xml:1852
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In 1839</emphasis>, Louis Daguerre invented the "
 "first practical technology for producing what we would call "
@@ -2666,12 +2666,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1857
+#: freeculture.xml:1861
 msgid "Talbot, William"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1859
+#: freeculture.xml:1863
 msgid ""
 "Yet despite high prices, the demand for daguerreotypes was strong.  This "
 "pushed inventors to find simpler and cheaper ways to make <quote>automatic "
@@ -2684,13 +2684,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1869
+#: freeculture.xml:1873
 msgid "Eastman, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 45 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1871
+#: freeculture.xml:1875
 msgid ""
 "The technological change that made mass photography possible didn't happen "
 "until 1888, and was the creation of a single man. George Eastman, himself an "
@@ -2702,26 +2702,26 @@ msgid ""
 "could dramatically broaden the population of photographers."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1882 freeculture.xml:2037
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1886 freeculture.xml:2041 freeculture.xml:6839
 msgid "Kodak cameras"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1883
+#: freeculture.xml:1887
 msgid "Kodak Primer, The (Eastman)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1890
+#: freeculture.xml:1894
 msgid ""
 "Reese V. Jenkins, <citetitle>Images and Enterprise</citetitle> (Baltimore: "
 "Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975), 112."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1885
+#: freeculture.xml:1889
 msgid ""
 "Eastman developed flexible, emulsion-coated paper film and placed rolls of "
 "it in small, simple cameras: the Kodak. The device was marketed on the basis "
@@ -2731,19 +2731,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1906 freeculture.xml:1932
+#: freeculture.xml:1910 freeculture.xml:1936
 msgid "Coe, Brian"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1906
+#: freeculture.xml:1910
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Brian Coe, <citetitle>The Birth "
 "of Photography</citetitle> (New York: Taplinger Publishing, 1977), 53."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1895
+#: freeculture.xml:1899
 msgid ""
 "The principle of the Kodak system is the separation of the work that any "
 "person whomsoever can do in making a photograph, from the work that only an "
@@ -2757,18 +2757,18 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1925
+#: freeculture.xml:1929
 msgid "Jenkins, 177."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1929
+#: freeculture.xml:1933
 msgid "Based on a chart in Jenkins, p. 178."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1914
+#: freeculture.xml:1918
 msgid ""
 "For $25, anyone could make pictures. The camera came preloaded with film, "
 "and when it had been used, the camera was returned to an Eastman factory, "
@@ -2785,12 +2785,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1947
+#: freeculture.xml:1951
 msgid "Coe, 58."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1936
+#: freeculture.xml:1940
 msgid ""
 "The real significance of Eastman's invention, however, was not economic. It "
 "was social. Professional photography gave individuals a glimpse of places "
@@ -2805,27 +2805,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1950 freeculture.xml:2056 freeculture.xml:2422 freeculture.xml:2440
+#: freeculture.xml:1954 freeculture.xml:2060 freeculture.xml:2438 freeculture.xml:2456
 msgid "democracy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1950 freeculture.xml:2056 freeculture.xml:2422
+#: freeculture.xml:1954 freeculture.xml:2060 freeculture.xml:2438
 msgid "in technologies of expression"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1951 freeculture.xml:2057 freeculture.xml:2424
+#: freeculture.xml:1955 freeculture.xml:2061 freeculture.xml:2101 freeculture.xml:2440
 msgid "expression, technologies of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1951 freeculture.xml:2057 freeculture.xml:2424
+#: freeculture.xml:1955 freeculture.xml:2061 freeculture.xml:2440
 msgid "democratic"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1953
+#: freeculture.xml:1957
 msgid ""
 "In this way, the Kodak camera and film were technologies of expression.  The "
 "pencil or paintbrush was also a technology of expression, of course. But it "
@@ -2840,18 +2840,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1966
+#: freeculture.xml:1970
 msgid "permissions"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1966
+#: freeculture.xml:1970
 msgid "photography exempted from"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1977
+#: freeculture.xml:1981
 msgid ""
 "For illustrative cases, see, for example, <citetitle>Pavesich</citetitle> "
 "v. <citetitle>N.E. Life Ins. Co</citetitle>., 50 S.E. 68 (Ga. 1905); "
@@ -2861,7 +2861,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1968
+#: freeculture.xml:1972
 msgid ""
 "What was required for this technology to flourish? Obviously, Eastman's "
 "genius was an important part. But also important was the legal environment "
@@ -2874,13 +2874,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1986 freeculture.xml:9448
+#: freeculture.xml:1990 freeculture.xml:9763
 msgid "images, ownership of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 47 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1988
+#: freeculture.xml:1992
 msgid ""
 "The arguments in favor of requiring permission will sound surprisingly "
 "familiar. The photographer was <quote>taking</quote> something from the "
@@ -2892,12 +2892,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2012
+#: freeculture.xml:2016
 msgid "Warren, Samuel D."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2009
+#: freeculture.xml:2013
 msgid ""
 "Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, <quote>The Right to Privacy,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Harvard Law Review</citetitle> 4 (1890): 193.  <placeholder "
@@ -2905,7 +2905,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2002
+#: freeculture.xml:2006
 msgid ""
 "On the other side was an argument that should be familiar, as well.  Sure, "
 "there may be something of value being used. But citizens should have the "
@@ -2920,7 +2920,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2030
+#: freeculture.xml:2034
 msgid ""
 "See Melville B. Nimmer, <quote>The Right of Publicity,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 19 (1954): 203; William "
@@ -2931,7 +2931,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2020
+#: freeculture.xml:2024
 msgid ""
 "Fortunately for Mr. Eastman, and for photography in general, these early "
 "decisions went in favor of the pirates. In general, no permission would be "
@@ -2944,13 +2944,13 @@ msgid ""
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2038
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2042 freeculture.xml:10002
 msgid "Napster"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2040
+#: freeculture.xml:2044
 msgid ""
 "We can only speculate about how photography would have developed had the law "
 "gone the other way. If the presumption had been against the photographer, "
@@ -2968,7 +2968,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 48 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2061
+#: freeculture.xml:2065
 msgid ""
 "But though we could imagine this system of permission, it would be very hard "
 "to see how photography could have flourished as it did if the requirement "
@@ -2982,8 +2982,18 @@ msgid ""
 "of expression would have been realized."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2081 freeculture.xml:6838
+msgid "digital cameras"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2082
+msgid "Just Think!"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2078
+#: freeculture.xml:2084
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>If you drive</emphasis> through San Francisco's "
 "Presidio, you might see two gaudy yellow school buses painted over with "
@@ -3000,9 +3010,29 @@ msgid ""
 "learn."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2099 freeculture.xml:2898
+msgid "education"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2099
+msgid "in media literacy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2100
+msgid "media literacy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2101
+msgid "media literacy and"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2100
+#: freeculture.xml:2109
 msgid ""
 "H. Edward Goldberg, <quote>Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and "
 "Software You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,</quote> "
@@ -3011,7 +3041,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2094
+#: freeculture.xml:2103
 msgid ""
 "These buses are not cheap, but the technology they carry is increasingly "
 "so. The cost of a high-quality digital video system has fallen "
@@ -3026,13 +3056,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2110
+#: freeculture.xml:2119
 msgid "Yanofsky, Dave"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 49 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2113
+#: freeculture.xml:2122
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Media literacy,</quote> as Dave Yanofsky, the executive director of "
 "Just Think!, puts it, <quote>is the ability &hellip; to understand, analyze, "
@@ -3042,7 +3072,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2120
+#: freeculture.xml:2130
 msgid ""
 "This may seem like an odd way to think about <quote>literacy.</quote> For "
 "most people, literacy is about reading and writing. Faulkner and Hemingway "
@@ -3051,28 +3081,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2125 freeculture.xml:2671 freeculture.xml:6659 freeculture.xml:7510 freeculture.xml:8588 freeculture.xml:8659
+#: freeculture.xml:2135 freeculture.xml:2687 freeculture.xml:6834 freeculture.xml:7806 freeculture.xml:8903 freeculture.xml:8974
 msgid "advertising"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2126
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2136 freeculture.xml:6836
 msgid "commercials"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2127 freeculture.xml:14884
+#: freeculture.xml:2137 freeculture.xml:6835 freeculture.xml:15305
 msgid "television"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2127
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2137 freeculture.xml:6835
 msgid "advertising on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2133
+#: freeculture.xml:2143
 msgid ""
 "Judith Van Evra, <citetitle>Television and Child Development</citetitle> "
 "(Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990); <quote>Findings on "
@@ -3081,7 +3111,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2129
+#: freeculture.xml:2139
 msgid ""
 "Maybe. But in a world where children see on average 390 hours of television "
 "commercials per year, or between 20,000 and 45,000 commercials "
@@ -3094,7 +3124,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2144
+#: freeculture.xml:2154
 msgid ""
 "A growing field of academics and activists sees this form of literacy as "
 "crucial to the next generation of culture. For though anyone who has written "
@@ -3107,7 +3137,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2155
+#: freeculture.xml:2165
 msgid ""
 "It took filmmaking a generation before it could do these things well.  But "
 "even then, the knowledge was in the filming, not in writing about the "
@@ -3118,22 +3148,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2162
-msgid "Crichton, Michael"
+#: freeculture.xml:2172 freeculture.xml:2188 freeculture.xml:2294
+msgid "Daley, Elizabeth"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2163 freeculture.xml:2178
-msgid "Daley, Elizabeth"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2173
+msgid "Crichton, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2177 freeculture.xml:2237 freeculture.xml:2244 freeculture.xml:2734
+#: freeculture.xml:2187 freeculture.xml:2247 freeculture.xml:2254 freeculture.xml:2327 freeculture.xml:2750
 msgid "Barish, Stephanie"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2175
+#: freeculture.xml:2185
 msgid ""
 "Interview with Elizabeth Daley and Stephanie Barish, 13 December 2002.  "
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
@@ -3142,7 +3172,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2189
+#: freeculture.xml:2199
 msgid ""
 "See Scott Steinberg, <quote>Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,</quote> E!online, "
 "4 November 2000, available at <ulink "
@@ -3152,7 +3182,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2165
+#: freeculture.xml:2175
 msgid ""
 "This grammar has changed as media has changed. When it was just film, as "
 "Elizabeth Daley, executive director of the University of Southern "
@@ -3171,12 +3201,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2196
+#: freeculture.xml:2206
 msgid "computer games"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2198
+#: freeculture.xml:2208
 msgid ""
 "This skill is precisely the craft a filmmaker learns. As Daley describes, "
 "<quote>people are very surprised about how they are led through a film. [I]t "
@@ -3186,7 +3216,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2205
+#: freeculture.xml:2215
 msgid ""
 "Yet the push for an expanded literacy&mdash;one that goes beyond text to "
 "include audio and visual elements&mdash;is not about making better film "
@@ -3195,7 +3225,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2212
+#: freeculture.xml:2222
 msgid ""
 "From my perspective, probably the most important digital divide is not "
 "access to a box. It's the ability to be empowered with the language that "
@@ -3204,7 +3234,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2220
+#: freeculture.xml:2230
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Read-only.</quote> Passive recipients of culture produced elsewhere.  "
 "Couch potatoes. Consumers. This is the world of media from the twentieth "
@@ -3212,18 +3242,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2236
+#: freeculture.xml:2246
 msgid "Interview with Daley and Barish.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f31 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2241 freeculture.xml:4101 freeculture.xml:5197 freeculture.xml:8477
+#: freeculture.xml:2251 freeculture.xml:4133 freeculture.xml:5302 freeculture.xml:8792
 msgid "Ibid."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2225
+#: freeculture.xml:2235
 msgid ""
 "The twenty-first century could be different. This is the crucial point: It "
 "could be both read and write. Or at least reading and better understanding "
@@ -3237,7 +3267,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2246
+#: freeculture.xml:2256
 msgid ""
 "As with any language, this language comes more easily to some than to "
 "others. It doesn't necessarily come more easily to those who excel in "
@@ -3251,7 +3281,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2259
+#: freeculture.xml:2269
 msgid ""
 "The class was held on Friday afternoons, and it created a relatively new "
 "problem for the school. While the challenge in most classes was getting the "
@@ -3262,7 +3292,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2267
+#: freeculture.xml:2277
 msgid ""
 "Using whatever <quote>free web stuff they could find,</quote> and relatively "
 "simple tools to enable the kids to mix <quote>image, sound, and "
@@ -3283,7 +3313,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 52 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2287
+#: freeculture.xml:2298
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But isn't education about teaching kids to write?</quote> I asked. In "
 "part, of course, it is. But why are we teaching kids to write? Education, "
@@ -3295,7 +3325,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2298
+#: freeculture.xml:2309
 msgid ""
 "What you want is to give these students ways of constructing meaning. If all "
 "you give them is text, they're not going to do it.  Because they can't. You "
@@ -3316,7 +3346,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2317
+#: freeculture.xml:2329
 msgid ""
 "That empowers enormously. And then what happens, of course, is eventually, "
 "as it has happened in all these classes, they bump up against the fact, "
@@ -3327,7 +3357,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 53 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2324
+#: freeculture.xml:2336
 msgid ""
 "Because they needed to. There was a reason for doing it. They needed to say "
 "something, as opposed to just jumping through your hoops. They actually "
@@ -3336,22 +3366,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2334 freeculture.xml:2393 freeculture.xml:5982
+#: freeculture.xml:2350 freeculture.xml:2409 freeculture.xml:6130
 msgid "September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2335
+#: freeculture.xml:2351
 msgid "World Trade Center"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2336 freeculture.xml:5902
+#: freeculture.xml:2352 freeculture.xml:6050
 msgid "news coverage"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2338
+#: freeculture.xml:2354
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>When two planes</emphasis> crashed into the World "
 "Trade Center, another into the Pentagon, and a fourth into a Pennsylvania "
@@ -3365,7 +3395,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2350
+#: freeculture.xml:2366
 msgid ""
 "These retellings had an increasingly familiar feel. There was music scored "
 "for the intermissions, and fancy graphics that flashed across the "
@@ -3376,17 +3406,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2357 freeculture.xml:8416 freeculture.xml:8653
+#: freeculture.xml:2373 freeculture.xml:8731 freeculture.xml:8968
 msgid "ABC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2358
+#: freeculture.xml:2374
 msgid "CBS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2360
+#: freeculture.xml:2376
 msgid ""
 "But in addition to this produced news about the <quote>tragedy of September "
 "11,</quote> those of us tied to the Internet came to see a very different "
@@ -3403,7 +3433,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 54 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2375
+#: freeculture.xml:2391
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean simply to praise the Internet&mdash;though I do think the "
 "people who supported this form of speech should be praised. I mean instead "
@@ -3414,7 +3444,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2385
+#: freeculture.xml:2401
 msgid ""
 "But unlike any technology for simply capturing images, the Internet allows "
 "these creations to be shared with an extraordinary number of people, "
@@ -3426,22 +3456,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2394 freeculture.xml:2489 freeculture.xml:2628
+#: freeculture.xml:2410 freeculture.xml:2505 freeculture.xml:2644
 msgid "blogs (Web-logs)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2395 freeculture.xml:2491
+#: freeculture.xml:2411 freeculture.xml:2507
 msgid "blogs on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2396 freeculture.xml:2492
+#: freeculture.xml:2412 freeculture.xml:2508
 msgid "Web-logs (blogs)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2398
+#: freeculture.xml:2414
 msgid ""
 "September 11 was not an aberration. It was a beginning. Around the same "
 "time, a form of communication that has grown dramatically was just beginning "
@@ -3453,17 +3483,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2406 freeculture.xml:2475
+#: freeculture.xml:2422 freeculture.xml:2491
 msgid "political discourse"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2407
+#: freeculture.xml:2423
 msgid "public discourse conducted on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2409
+#: freeculture.xml:2425
 msgid ""
 "But in the United States, blogs have taken on a very different character.  "
 "There are some who use the space simply to talk about their private "
@@ -3479,13 +3509,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2423
+#: freeculture.xml:2439
 msgid "elections"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 55 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2426
+#: freeculture.xml:2442
 msgid ""
 "That's a strong statement. Yet it says as much about our democracy as it "
 "does about blogs. This is the part of America that is most difficult for "
@@ -3497,23 +3527,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2439
+#: freeculture.xml:2455
 msgid "Tocqueville, Alexis de"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2440
+#: freeculture.xml:2456
 msgid "public discourse in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2441
+#: freeculture.xml:2457
 msgid "jury system"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2458
+#: freeculture.xml:2474
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, Alexis de Tocqueville, <citetitle>Democracy in "
 "America</citetitle>, bk. 1, trans.  Henry Reeve (New York: Bantam Books, "
@@ -3521,7 +3551,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2443
+#: freeculture.xml:2459
 msgid ""
 "But democracy has never just been about elections. Democracy means rule by "
 "the people, but rule means something more than mere elections. In our "
@@ -3541,14 +3571,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2468
+#: freeculture.xml:2484
 msgid ""
 "Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, <quote>Deliberation Day,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Journal of Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2464
+#: freeculture.xml:2480
 msgid ""
 "Yet even this institution flags in American life today. And in its place, "
 "there is no systematic effort to enable citizen deliberation. Some are "
@@ -3560,14 +3590,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2484
+#: freeculture.xml:2500
 msgid ""
 "Cass Sunstein, <citetitle>Republic.com</citetitle> (Princeton: Princeton "
 "University Press, 2001), 65&ndash;80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2477
+#: freeculture.xml:2493
 msgid ""
 "More bizarrely, there is generally not even permission for it to occur.  We, "
 "the most powerful democracy in the world, have developed a strong norm "
@@ -3579,13 +3609,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2490
+#: freeculture.xml:2506
 msgid "e-mail"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 56 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2497
+#: freeculture.xml:2513
 msgid ""
 "Enter the blog. The blog's very architecture solves one part of this "
 "problem. People post when they want to post, and people read when they want "
@@ -3596,7 +3626,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2508
+#: freeculture.xml:2524
 msgid ""
 "But beyond architecture, blogs also have solved the problem of "
 "norms. There's no norm (yet) in blog space not to talk about politics.  "
@@ -3607,12 +3637,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2515
+#: freeculture.xml:2531
 msgid "Dean, Howard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2517
+#: freeculture.xml:2533
 msgid ""
 "The significance of these blogs is tiny now, though not so tiny. The name "
 "Howard Dean may well have faded from the 2004 presidential race but for "
@@ -3621,35 +3651,35 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2522
+#: freeculture.xml:2538
 msgid "Lott, Trent"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2523
+#: freeculture.xml:2539
 msgid "Thurmond, Strom"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2524
+#: freeculture.xml:2540
 msgid "blog pressure on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2525
+#: freeculture.xml:2541
 msgid "news events on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2538
+#: freeculture.xml:2554
 msgid ""
 "Noah Shachtman, <quote>With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the "
 "Pot,</quote> New York Times, 16 January 2003, G5."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2527
+#: freeculture.xml:2543
 msgid ""
 "One direct effect is on stories that had a different life cycle in the "
 "mainstream media. The Trent Lott affair is an example. When Lott "
@@ -3664,12 +3694,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2542 freeculture.xml:2576
+#: freeculture.xml:2558 freeculture.xml:2592
 msgid "commercial imperatives of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2544
+#: freeculture.xml:2560
 msgid ""
 "This different cycle is possible because the same commercial pressures don't "
 "exist with blogs as with other ventures. Television and newspapers are "
@@ -3678,12 +3708,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2551
+#: freeculture.xml:2567
 msgid "peer-generated rankings on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2553
+#: freeculture.xml:2569
 msgid ""
 "But bloggers don't have a similar constraint. They can obsess, they can "
 "focus, they can get serious. If a particular blogger writes a particularly "
@@ -3694,18 +3724,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2562
+#: freeculture.xml:2578
 msgid "journalism"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2563
+#: freeculture.xml:2579
 msgid "Winer, Dave"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 57 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2565
+#: freeculture.xml:2581
 msgid ""
 "There's a second way, as well, in which blogs have a different cycle from "
 "the mainstream press. As Dave Winer, one of the fathers of this movement and "
@@ -3718,23 +3748,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2575 freeculture.xml:2625
+#: freeculture.xml:2591 freeculture.xml:2641
 msgid "CNN"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2577 freeculture.xml:2626 freeculture.xml:5846
+#: freeculture.xml:2593 freeculture.xml:2642 freeculture.xml:5994
 msgid "Iraq war"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2586
+#: freeculture.xml:2602
 msgid "Telephone interview with David Winer, 16 April 2003."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2580
+#: freeculture.xml:2596
 msgid ""
 "These conflicts become more important as media becomes more concentrated "
 "(more on this below). A concentrated media can hide more from the public "
@@ -3752,7 +3782,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2606
+#: freeculture.xml:2622
 msgid ""
 "John Schwartz, <quote>Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of "
 "Information Online,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 2 "
@@ -3762,7 +3792,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2598
+#: freeculture.xml:2614
 msgid ""
 "Blog space gives amateurs a way to enter the "
 "debate&mdash;<quote>amateur</quote> not in the sense of inexperienced, but "
@@ -3778,12 +3808,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2627
+#: freeculture.xml:2643
 msgid "Olafson, Steve"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2625
+#: freeculture.xml:2641
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder "
@@ -3800,7 +3830,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 58 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2618
+#: freeculture.xml:2634
 msgid ""
 "Winer is optimistic about the future of journalism infected with "
 "blogs. <quote>It's going to become an essential skill,</quote> Winer "
@@ -3817,7 +3847,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2649
+#: freeculture.xml:2665
 msgid ""
 "This speech affects democracy. Winer thinks that happens because <quote>you "
 "don't have to work for somebody who controls, [for] a gatekeeper.</quote> "
@@ -3833,13 +3863,13 @@ msgid ""
 "something extraordinary to report."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2670
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2686 freeculture.xml:6825
 msgid "Brown, John Seely"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2673
+#: freeculture.xml:2689
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>John Seely Brown</emphasis> is the chief scientist "
 "of the Xerox Corporation.  His work, as his Web site describes it, is "
@@ -3848,7 +3878,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2679
+#: freeculture.xml:2695
 msgid ""
 "Brown thus looks at these technologies of digital creativity a bit "
 "differently from the perspectives I've sketched so far. I'm sure he would be "
@@ -3858,7 +3888,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 59 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2686
+#: freeculture.xml:2702
 msgid ""
 "As Brown believes, we learn by tinkering. When <quote>a lot of us grew "
 "up,</quote> he explains, that tinkering was done <quote>on motorcycle "
@@ -3873,7 +3903,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2699
+#: freeculture.xml:2715
 msgid ""
 "The best large-scale example of this kind of tinkering so far is free "
 "software or open-source software (FS/OSS). FS/OSS is software whose source "
@@ -3883,7 +3913,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2706
+#: freeculture.xml:2722
 msgid ""
 "This opportunity creates a <quote>completely new kind of learning "
 "platform,</quote> as Brown describes. <quote>As soon as you start doing "
@@ -3895,7 +3925,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2714
+#: freeculture.xml:2730
 msgid ""
 "In this process, <quote>the concrete things you tinker with are abstract.  "
 "They are code.</quote> Kids are <quote>shifting to the ability to tinker in "
@@ -3907,7 +3937,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2723
+#: freeculture.xml:2739
 msgid ""
 "This same thing happens with content, too. And it happens in the same "
 "collaborative way when that content is part of the Web. As Brown puts it, "
@@ -3922,7 +3952,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 60 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2736
+#: freeculture.xml:2752
 msgid ""
 "Brown is talking about what Elizabeth Daley, Stephanie Barish, and Just "
 "Think! teach: that this tinkering with culture teaches as well as "
@@ -3931,7 +3961,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2744
+#: freeculture.xml:2760
 msgid ""
 "Yet the freedom to tinker with these objects is not guaranteed.  Indeed, as "
 "we'll see through the course of this book, that freedom is increasingly "
@@ -3944,7 +3974,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2760
+#: freeculture.xml:2776
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, Edward Felten and Andrew Appel, <quote>Technological "
 "Access Control Interferes with Noninfringing Scholarship,</quote> "
@@ -3953,7 +3983,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2753
+#: freeculture.xml:2769
 msgid ""
 "These restrictions have become the focus of researchers and scholars.  "
 "Professor Ed Felten of Princeton (whom we'll see more of in chapter <xref "
@@ -3966,7 +3996,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2768
+#: freeculture.xml:2784
 msgid ""
 "<quote>This is where education in the twenty-first century is going,</quote> "
 "Brown explains. We need to <quote>understand how kids who grow up digital "
@@ -3974,7 +4004,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2773
+#: freeculture.xml:2789
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Yet,</quote> as Brown continued, and as the balance of this book will "
 "evince, <quote>we are building a legal system that completely suppresses the "
@@ -3984,7 +4014,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2781
+#: freeculture.xml:2797
 msgid ""
 "We're building a technology that takes the magic of Kodak, mixes moving "
 "images and sound, and adds a space for commentary and an opportunity to "
@@ -3993,7 +4023,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2787
+#: freeculture.xml:2803
 msgid ""
 "<quote>No way to run a culture,</quote> as Brewster Kahle, whom we'll meet "
 "in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"collectors\"/>, "
@@ -4001,47 +4031,47 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:2794
+#: freeculture.xml:2810
 msgid "CHAPTER THREE: Catalogs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2795 freeculture.xml:2839 freeculture.xml:9364
+#: freeculture.xml:2811 freeculture.xml:2855 freeculture.xml:9679
 msgid "Jordan, Jesse"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2796
+#: freeculture.xml:2812
 msgid "RPI"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2796 freeculture.xml:2797 freeculture.xml:2798
+#: freeculture.xml:2812 freeculture.xml:2813 freeculture.xml:2814
 msgid "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2798
+#: freeculture.xml:2814
 msgid "computer network search engine of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2799
+#: freeculture.xml:2815
 msgid "search engines"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2800
+#: freeculture.xml:2816
 msgid "university computer networks, p2p sharing on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2801
+#: freeculture.xml:2817
 msgid "search engines used on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2803
+#: freeculture.xml:2819
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In the fall</emphasis> of 2002, Jesse Jordan of "
 "Oceanside, New York, enrolled as a freshman at Rensselaer Polytechnic "
@@ -4052,7 +4082,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2811
+#: freeculture.xml:2827
 msgid ""
 "RPI is one of America's foremost technological research institutions.  It "
 "offers degrees in fields ranging from architecture and engineering to "
@@ -4063,7 +4093,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2819
+#: freeculture.xml:2835
 msgid ""
 "RPI's computer network links students, faculty, and administration to one "
 "another. It also links RPI to the Internet. Not everything available on the "
@@ -4073,13 +4103,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2825 freeculture.xml:2881
+#: freeculture.xml:2841 freeculture.xml:2897
 msgid "Google"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 62 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2827
+#: freeculture.xml:2843
 msgid ""
 "Search engines are a measure of a network's intimacy. Google brought the "
 "Internet much closer to all of us by fantastically improving the quality of "
@@ -4093,17 +4123,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2840 freeculture.xml:3741 freeculture.xml:3743 freeculture.xml:3744 freeculture.xml:5438 freeculture.xml:7952 freeculture.xml:13232
+#: freeculture.xml:2856 freeculture.xml:3773 freeculture.xml:3775 freeculture.xml:3776 freeculture.xml:5586 freeculture.xml:8267 freeculture.xml:13556 freeculture.xml:13625
 msgid "Microsoft"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2840
+#: freeculture.xml:2856
 msgid "network file system of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2842
+#: freeculture.xml:2858
 msgid ""
 "These engines are enabled by the network technology itself.  Microsoft, for "
 "example, has a network file system that makes it very easy for search "
@@ -4114,7 +4144,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2852
+#: freeculture.xml:2868
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's wasn't the first search engine built for the RPI network.  Indeed, "
 "his engine was a simple modification of engines that others had built. His "
@@ -4128,7 +4158,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2865
+#: freeculture.xml:2881
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's engine went on-line in late October. Over the following six months, "
 "he continued to tweak it to improve its functionality. By March, the system "
@@ -4139,7 +4169,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 63 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2873
+#: freeculture.xml:2889
 msgid ""
 "Thus the index his search engine produced included pictures, which students "
 "could use to put on their own Web sites; copies of notes or research; copies "
@@ -4148,18 +4178,13 @@ msgid ""
 "made available in a public folder of their computer."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2882
-msgid "education"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2882
+#: freeculture.xml:2898
 msgid "tinkering as means of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2884
+#: freeculture.xml:2900
 msgid ""
 "But the index also included music files. In fact, one quarter of the files "
 "that Jesse's search engine listed were music files. But that means, of "
@@ -4176,37 +4201,37 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2898 freeculture.xml:9362
+#: freeculture.xml:2914 freeculture.xml:9677 freeculture.xml:9951
 msgid "in recording industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2899
+#: freeculture.xml:2915
 msgid "against student file sharing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2900 freeculture.xml:2998 freeculture.xml:4309 freeculture.xml:4310 freeculture.xml:4311
+#: freeculture.xml:2916 freeculture.xml:3014 freeculture.xml:3267 freeculture.xml:3396 freeculture.xml:4341 freeculture.xml:4342 freeculture.xml:4343 freeculture.xml:9952 freeculture.xml:10362 freeculture.xml:10363 freeculture.xml:10364 freeculture.xml:10520
 msgid "recording industry"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2900
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2916 freeculture.xml:9952
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits of"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2901 freeculture.xml:2930 freeculture.xml:2999
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2917 freeculture.xml:2946 freeculture.xml:3015 freeculture.xml:9953 freeculture.xml:10365 freeculture.xml:10366 freeculture.xml:10518
 msgid "Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2901
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2917 freeculture.xml:9953
 msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits filed by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2904
+#: freeculture.xml:2920
 msgid ""
 "On April 3, 2003, Jesse was contacted by the dean of students at RPI. The "
 "dean informed Jesse that the Recording Industry Association of America, the "
@@ -4217,7 +4242,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2913
+#: freeculture.xml:2929
 msgid ""
 "<quote>It was absurd,</quote> he told me. <quote>I don't think I did "
 "anything wrong. &hellip; I don't think there's anything wrong with the "
@@ -4232,33 +4257,33 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2926 freeculture.xml:9361
+#: freeculture.xml:2942 freeculture.xml:9676 freeculture.xml:9950
 msgid "exaggerated claims of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2927
+#: freeculture.xml:2943
 msgid "statutory damages of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2928
+#: freeculture.xml:2944
 msgid "individual defendants intimidated by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2929
+#: freeculture.xml:2945
 msgid "statutory damages"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2930
+#: freeculture.xml:2946
 msgid "intimidation tactics of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 64 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2932
+#: freeculture.xml:2948
 msgid ""
 "But the RIAA branded Jesse a pirate. They claimed he operated a network and "
 "had therefore <quote>willfully</quote> violated copyright laws. They "
@@ -4271,18 +4296,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2942
+#: freeculture.xml:2958
 msgid "Michigan Technical University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2943
+#: freeculture.xml:2959
 msgid "Princeton University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2957
+#: freeculture.xml:2973
 msgid ""
 "Tim Goral, <quote>Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
 "Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,</quote> <citetitle>Professional Media "
@@ -4290,7 +4315,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2945
+#: freeculture.xml:2961
 msgid ""
 "Similar lawsuits were brought against three other students: one other "
 "student at RPI, one at Michigan Technical University, and one at "
@@ -4305,7 +4330,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2964
+#: freeculture.xml:2980
 msgid ""
 "Jesse called his parents. They were supportive but a bit frightened.  An "
 "uncle was a lawyer. He began negotiations with the RIAA. They demanded to "
@@ -4314,12 +4339,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2970
+#: freeculture.xml:2986
 msgid "Oppenheimer, Matt"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2972
+#: freeculture.xml:2988
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA wanted Jesse to admit to doing something wrong. He refused. They "
 "wanted him to agree to an injunction that would essentially make it "
@@ -4333,13 +4358,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2982
+#: freeculture.xml:2998
 msgid "legal system, attorney costs in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 65 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2984
+#: freeculture.xml:3000
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's family was outraged at these claims. They wanted to fight.  But "
 "Jesse's uncle worked to educate the family about the nature of the American "
@@ -4351,35 +4376,35 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2994
+#: freeculture.xml:3010
 msgid ""
 "So Jesse faced a mafia-like choice: $250,000 and a chance at winning, or "
 "$12,000 and a settlement."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2997 freeculture.xml:3366 freeculture.xml:4302 freeculture.xml:5447 freeculture.xml:5496 freeculture.xml:9913 freeculture.xml:10011 freeculture.xml:10180 freeculture.xml:14785 freeculture.xml:14850
+#: freeculture.xml:3013 freeculture.xml:3397 freeculture.xml:4334 freeculture.xml:5595 freeculture.xml:5644 freeculture.xml:10260 freeculture.xml:10358 freeculture.xml:10519 freeculture.xml:10542 freeculture.xml:15206 freeculture.xml:15271
 msgid "artists"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2997 freeculture.xml:3366 freeculture.xml:4302 freeculture.xml:9913 freeculture.xml:10011 freeculture.xml:10180 freeculture.xml:14785 freeculture.xml:14850
+#: freeculture.xml:3013 freeculture.xml:3397 freeculture.xml:4334 freeculture.xml:10260 freeculture.xml:10358 freeculture.xml:10519 freeculture.xml:10542 freeculture.xml:15206 freeculture.xml:15271
 msgid "recording industry payments to"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2998 freeculture.xml:4309
+#: freeculture.xml:3014 freeculture.xml:4341 freeculture.xml:10362 freeculture.xml:10520
 msgid "artist remuneration in"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2999
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3015 freeculture.xml:10366
 msgid "lobbying power of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3009
+#: freeculture.xml:3025
 msgid ""
 "Occupational Employment Survey, U.S. Dept. of Labor (2001)  "
 "(27&ndash;2042&mdash;Musicians and Singers). See also National Endowment for "
@@ -4388,7 +4413,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3017
+#: freeculture.xml:3033
 msgid ""
 "Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in <quote>KaZaA and "
 "Punishment,</quote> <citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 10 September "
@@ -4396,7 +4421,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3001
+#: freeculture.xml:3017
 msgid ""
 "The recording industry insists this is a matter of law and morality.  Let's "
 "put the law aside for a moment and think about the morality.  Where is the "
@@ -4410,7 +4435,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3024
+#: freeculture.xml:3040
 msgid ""
 "On June 23, Jesse wired his savings to the lawyer working for the RIAA. The "
 "case against him was then dismissed. And with this, this kid who had "
@@ -4418,7 +4443,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3031
+#: freeculture.xml:3047
 msgid ""
 "I was definitely not an activist [before]. I never really meant to be an "
 "activist. &hellip; [But] I've been pushed into this. In no way did I ever "
@@ -4427,7 +4452,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3038
+#: freeculture.xml:3054
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's parents betray a certain pride in their reluctant activist. As his "
 "father told me, Jesse <quote>considers himself very conservative, and so do "
@@ -4437,17 +4462,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3053
+#: freeculture.xml:3069
 msgid "CHAPTER FOUR: <quote>Pirates</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3054
+#: freeculture.xml:3070
 msgid "in development of content industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3057
+#: freeculture.xml:3073
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>If <quote>piracy</quote> means</emphasis> using the "
 "creative property of others without their permission&mdash;if <quote>if "
@@ -4459,12 +4484,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3068
+#: freeculture.xml:3084
 msgid "Film"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3072
+#: freeculture.xml:3088
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> I am grateful to Peter DiMauro "
 "for pointing me to this extraordinary history. See also Siva Vaidhyanathan, "
@@ -4474,7 +4499,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 67 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3070
+#: freeculture.xml:3086
 msgid ""
 "The film industry of Hollywood was built by fleeing pirates.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Creators and directors migrated from the East "
@@ -4488,12 +4513,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3088
+#: freeculture.xml:3104
 msgid "As one commentator tells one part of the story,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3092
+#: freeculture.xml:3108
 msgid ""
 "A January 1909 deadline was set for all companies to comply with the "
 "license. By February, unlicensed outlaws, who referred to themselves as "
@@ -4504,27 +4529,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3100
+#: freeculture.xml:3116
 msgid "Fox, William"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3101
+#: freeculture.xml:3117
 msgid "General Film Company"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3102 freeculture.xml:3384 freeculture.xml:4535 freeculture.xml:10053
+#: freeculture.xml:3118 freeculture.xml:3415 freeculture.xml:4567 freeculture.xml:10408
 msgid "Picker, Randal C."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3126 freeculture.xml:4534 freeculture.xml:9787 freeculture.xml:9908
+#: freeculture.xml:3142 freeculture.xml:4566 freeculture.xml:10129 freeculture.xml:10255
 msgid "broadcast flag"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3115
+#: freeculture.xml:3131
 msgid ""
 "J. A. Aberdeen, <citetitle>Hollywood Renegades: The Society of Independent "
 "Motion Picture Producers</citetitle> (Cobblestone Entertainment, 2000) and "
@@ -4540,7 +4565,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3104
+#: freeculture.xml:3120
 msgid ""
 "With the country experiencing a tremendous expansion in the number of "
 "nickelodeons, the Patents Company reacted to the independent movement by "
@@ -4556,7 +4581,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3137
+#: freeculture.xml:3153
 msgid ""
 "Marc Wanamaker, <quote>The First Studios,</quote> <citetitle>The Silents "
 "Majority</citetitle>, archived at <ulink "
@@ -4564,7 +4589,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3131
+#: freeculture.xml:3147
 msgid ""
 "The Napsters of those days, the <quote>independents,</quote> were companies "
 "like Fox. And no less than today, these independents were vigorously "
@@ -4579,7 +4604,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 68 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3147
+#: freeculture.xml:3163
 msgid ""
 "Of course, California grew quickly, and the effective enforcement of federal "
 "law eventually spread west. But because patents grant the patent holder a "
@@ -4590,34 +4615,34 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3158
+#: freeculture.xml:3174
 msgid "Recorded Music"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3159 freeculture.xml:4306
+#: freeculture.xml:3175 freeculture.xml:4338
 msgid "on music recordings"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3161
+#: freeculture.xml:3177
 msgid ""
 "The record industry was born of another kind of piracy, though to see how "
 "requires a bit of detail about the way the law regulates music."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3164
+#: freeculture.xml:3180
 msgid "Fourneaux, Henri"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3165
+#: freeculture.xml:3181
 msgid "Russel, Phil"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3167
+#: freeculture.xml:3183
 msgid ""
 "At the time that Edison and Henri Fourneaux invented machines for "
 "reproducing music (Edison the phonograph, Fourneaux the player piano), the "
@@ -4629,13 +4654,13 @@ msgid ""
 "it publicly."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3176 freeculture.xml:3328
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3192 freeculture.xml:3330
 msgid "Beatles"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3178
+#: freeculture.xml:3194
 msgid ""
 "But what if I wanted to record <quote>Happy Mose,</quote> using Edison's "
 "phonograph or Fourneaux's player piano? Here the law stumbled. It was clear "
@@ -4655,12 +4680,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3201 freeculture.xml:3218
+#: freeculture.xml:3217 freeculture.xml:3234
 msgid "Kittredge, Alfred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3197
+#: freeculture.xml:3213
 msgid ""
 "The composers (and publishers) were none too happy about this capacity to "
 "pirate. As South Dakota senator Alfred Kittredge put it, <placeholder "
@@ -4668,7 +4693,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3212
+#: freeculture.xml:3228
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright: Hearings on S. 6330 "
 "and H.R. 19853 Before the ( Joint) Committees on Patents, 59th Cong. 59, 1st "
@@ -4680,7 +4705,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3205
+#: freeculture.xml:3221
 msgid ""
 "Imagine the injustice of the thing. A composer writes a song or an opera. A "
 "publisher buys at great expense the rights to the same and copyrights "
@@ -4691,13 +4716,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3222
+#: freeculture.xml:3238
 msgid "Sousa, John Philip"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3228
+#: freeculture.xml:3244
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 223 (statement of "
 "Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association)."
@@ -4705,7 +4730,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3234
+#: freeculture.xml:3250
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 226 (statement of "
 "Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association)."
@@ -4713,14 +4738,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3241
+#: freeculture.xml:3257
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 23 (statement of "
 "John Philip Sousa, composer)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3224
+#: freeculture.xml:3240
 msgid ""
 "The innovators who developed the technology to record other people's works "
 "were <quote>sponging upon the toil, the work, the talent, and genius of "
@@ -4733,18 +4758,43 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3245
+#: freeculture.xml:3261
 msgid "American Graphophone Company"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3246
+#: freeculture.xml:3262
 msgid "player pianos"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3264 freeculture.xml:3265 freeculture.xml:4336 freeculture.xml:4337 freeculture.xml:4420 freeculture.xml:4421 freeculture.xml:7037 freeculture.xml:7126 freeculture.xml:7240 freeculture.xml:7241 freeculture.xml:10359 freeculture.xml:10360 freeculture.xml:10361 freeculture.xml:12103
+msgid "Congress, U.S."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3264 freeculture.xml:4336 freeculture.xml:4420 freeculture.xml:7126 freeculture.xml:7240 freeculture.xml:10359
+msgid "on copyright laws"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3265 freeculture.xml:4337 freeculture.xml:10361
+msgid "on recording industry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3266 freeculture.xml:4339 freeculture.xml:10188
+msgid "statutory licenses in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3267
+msgid "statutory license system in"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f8 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3257
+#: freeculture.xml:3277
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 283&ndash;84 "
 "(statement of Albert Walker, representative of the Auto-Music Perforating "
@@ -4753,7 +4803,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3268
+#: freeculture.xml:3288
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 376 (prepared "
 "memorandum of Philip Mauro, general patent counsel of the American "
@@ -4761,7 +4811,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3249
+#: freeculture.xml:3269
 msgid ""
 "These arguments have familiar echoes in the wars of our day. So, too, do the "
 "arguments on the other side. The innovators who developed the player piano "
@@ -4777,9 +4827,14 @@ msgid ""
 "defined by statute.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3293
+msgid "cover songs"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 70 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3274
+#: freeculture.xml:3295
 msgid ""
 "The law soon resolved this battle in favor of the composer "
 "<emphasis>and</emphasis> the recording artist. Congress amended the law to "
@@ -4793,8 +4848,18 @@ msgid ""
 "so long as they pay the original composer a fee set by the law."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3309
+msgid "compulsory license"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3310 freeculture.xml:4344 freeculture.xml:10187
+msgid "statutory licenses"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3289
+#: freeculture.xml:3312
 msgid ""
 "American law ordinarily calls this a <quote>compulsory license,</quote> but "
 "I will refer to it as a <quote>statutory license.</quote> A statutory "
@@ -4805,12 +4870,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3296 freeculture.xml:14481
+#: freeculture.xml:3319 freeculture.xml:14902
 msgid "Grisham, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3298
+#: freeculture.xml:3321
 msgid ""
 "This is an exception within the law of copyright. When John Grisham writes a "
 "novel, a publisher is free to publish that novel only if Grisham gives the "
@@ -4822,7 +4887,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3322
+#: freeculture.xml:3346
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision: Hearings on S. 2499, S. 2900, H.R. 243, and "
 "H.R. 11794 Before the ( Joint) Committee on Patents, 60th Cong., 1st sess., "
@@ -4833,7 +4898,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3308
+#: freeculture.xml:3332
 msgid ""
 "But the law governing recordings gives recording artists less. And thus, in "
 "effect, the law <emphasis>subsidizes</emphasis> the recording industry "
@@ -4845,12 +4910,11 @@ msgid ""
 "gets access to a much wider range of musical creativity. Indeed, Congress "
 "was quite explicit about its reasons for granting this right. Its fear was "
 "the monopoly power of rights holders, and that that power would stifle "
-"follow-on creativity.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"follow-on creativity.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3331
+#: freeculture.xml:3357
 msgid ""
 "While the recording industry has been quite coy about this recently, "
 "historically it has been quite a supporter of the statutory license for "
@@ -4859,7 +4923,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3353
+#: freeculture.xml:3379
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision: Report to Accompany H.R. 2512, House Committee on "
 "the Judiciary, 90th Cong., 1st sess., House Document no. 83, (8 March "
@@ -4867,7 +4931,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3338
+#: freeculture.xml:3364
 msgid ""
 "the record producers argued vigorously that the compulsory license system "
 "must be retained. They asserted that the record industry is a "
@@ -4884,29 +4948,34 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3360
+#: freeculture.xml:3390
 msgid ""
 "By limiting the rights musicians have, by partially pirating their creative "
 "work, the record producers, and the public, benefit."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:3365 freeculture.xml:4499
+#: freeculture.xml:3395 freeculture.xml:4531
 msgid "Radio"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3396 freeculture.xml:4343 freeculture.xml:10363
+msgid "radio broadcast and"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3368
+#: freeculture.xml:3399
 msgid "Radio was also born of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3383
+#: freeculture.xml:3414
 msgid "Hand, Learned"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3374
+#: freeculture.xml:3405
 msgid ""
 "See 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, sections 106 and 110. At "
 "the beginning, record companies printed <quote>Not Licensed for Radio "
@@ -4923,7 +4992,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3371
+#: freeculture.xml:3402
 msgid ""
 "When a radio station plays a record on the air, that constitutes a "
 "<quote>public performance</quote> of the composer's work.<placeholder "
@@ -4934,13 +5003,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3401 freeculture.xml:9118 freeculture.xml:9581 freeculture.xml:12580
+#: freeculture.xml:3432 freeculture.xml:9433 freeculture.xml:9905 freeculture.xml:12951
 msgid "Lovett, Lyle"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 72 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3391
+#: freeculture.xml:3422
 msgid ""
 "But when the radio station plays a record, it is not only performing a copy "
 "of the <emphasis>composer's</emphasis> work. The radio station is also "
@@ -4955,7 +5024,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3406
+#: freeculture.xml:3437
 msgid ""
 "But it doesn't. Under the law governing radio performances, the radio "
 "station does not have to pay the recording artist. The radio station need "
@@ -4965,12 +5034,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3413 freeculture.xml:3919 freeculture.xml:6414
+#: freeculture.xml:3444 freeculture.xml:3951 freeculture.xml:6551 freeculture.xml:6567
 msgid "Madonna"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3415
+#: freeculture.xml:3446
 msgid ""
 "This difference can be huge. Imagine you compose a piece of music.  Imagine "
 "it is your first. You own the exclusive right to authorize public "
@@ -4979,7 +5048,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3421
+#: freeculture.xml:3452
 msgid ""
 "Imagine she does sing your song, and imagine she likes it a lot. She then "
 "decides to make a recording of your song, and it becomes a top hit. Under "
@@ -4991,7 +5060,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3432
+#: freeculture.xml:3464
 msgid ""
 "No doubt, one might argue that, on balance, the recording artists "
 "benefit. On average, the promotion they get is worth more than the "
@@ -5002,23 +5071,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:3442 freeculture.xml:4505
+#: freeculture.xml:3474 freeculture.xml:4537
 msgid "Cable TV"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3443 freeculture.xml:4326 freeculture.xml:8313 freeculture.xml:8352 freeculture.xml:14883
+#: freeculture.xml:3475 freeculture.xml:4358 freeculture.xml:8628 freeculture.xml:8667 freeculture.xml:15304
 msgid "cable television"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3445
+#: freeculture.xml:3477
 msgid "Cable TV was also born of a kind of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 73 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3448
+#: freeculture.xml:3480
 msgid ""
 "When cable entrepreneurs first started wiring communities with cable "
 "television in 1948, most refused to pay broadcasters for the content that "
@@ -5030,22 +5099,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3458
+#: freeculture.xml:3490
 msgid "Anello, Douglas"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3459
+#: freeculture.xml:3491
 msgid "Burdick, Quentin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3460 freeculture.xml:3471
+#: freeculture.xml:3492 freeculture.xml:3503
 msgid "Hyde, Rosel H."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3466
+#: freeculture.xml:3498
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV: Hearing on S. 1006 Before the "
 "Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Senate Committee "
@@ -5056,14 +5125,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3478
+#: freeculture.xml:3510
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 116 (statement of Douglas A. Anello, "
 "general counsel of the National Association of Broadcasters)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3462
+#: freeculture.xml:3494
 msgid ""
 "Broadcasters and copyright owners were quick to attack this theft.  Rosel "
 "Hyde, chairman of the FCC, viewed the practice as a kind of <quote>unfair "
@@ -5078,14 +5147,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3489
+#: freeculture.xml:3521
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 126 (statement of Ernest W. Jennes, "
 "general counsel of the Association of Maximum Service Telecasters, Inc.)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3485
+#: freeculture.xml:3517
 msgid ""
 "The extraordinary thing about the CATV business is that it is the only "
 "business I know of where the product that is being sold is not paid "
@@ -5093,13 +5162,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3495
+#: freeculture.xml:3527
 msgid "Again, the demand of the copyright holders seemed reasonable enough:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3504
+#: freeculture.xml:3536
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 169 (joint statement of Arthur B.  Krim, "
 "president of United Artists Corp., and John Sinn, president of United "
@@ -5107,7 +5176,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3499
+#: freeculture.xml:3531
 msgid ""
 "All we are asking for is a very simple thing, that people who now take our "
 "property for nothing pay for it. We are trying to stop piracy and I don't "
@@ -5116,12 +5185,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3510 freeculture.xml:3518
+#: freeculture.xml:3542 freeculture.xml:3550
 msgid "Heston, Charlton"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3516
+#: freeculture.xml:3548
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 209 (statement of Charlton Heston, "
 "president of the Screen Actors Guild).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
@@ -5129,7 +5198,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3512
+#: freeculture.xml:3544
 msgid ""
 "These were <quote>free-ride[rs],</quote> Screen Actor's Guild president "
 "Charlton Heston said, who were <quote>depriving actors of "
@@ -5137,19 +5206,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3523
+#: freeculture.xml:3555
 msgid ""
 "But again, there was another side to the debate. As Assistant Attorney "
 "General Edwin Zimmerman put it,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3539 freeculture.xml:3541
+#: freeculture.xml:3571 freeculture.xml:3573
 msgid "Zimmerman, Edwin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3537
+#: freeculture.xml:3569
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 216 (statement of Edwin M.  Zimmerman, "
 "acting assistant attorney general).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
@@ -5157,7 +5226,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3528
+#: freeculture.xml:3560
 msgid ""
 "Our point here is that unlike the problem of whether you have any copyright "
 "protection at all, the problem here is whether copyright holders who are "
@@ -5169,14 +5238,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3545
+#: freeculture.xml:3577
 msgid ""
 "Copyright owners took the cable companies to court. Twice the Supreme Court "
 "held that the cable companies owed the copyright owners nothing."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3549
+#: freeculture.xml:3581
 msgid ""
 "It took Congress almost thirty years before it resolved the question of "
 "whether cable companies had to pay for the content they "
@@ -5192,7 +5261,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3568
+#: freeculture.xml:3600
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, National Music Publisher's Association, <citetitle>The "
 "Engine of Free Expression: Copyright on the Internet&mdash;The Myth of Free "
@@ -5203,7 +5272,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3563
+#: freeculture.xml:3595
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>These separate stories</emphasis> sing a common "
 "theme. If <quote>piracy</quote> means using value from someone else's "
@@ -5217,12 +5286,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3585
+#: freeculture.xml:3617
 msgid "CHAPTER FIVE: <quote>Piracy</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3587
+#: freeculture.xml:3619
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There is piracy</emphasis> of copyrighted "
 "material. Lots of it. This piracy comes in many forms. The most significant "
@@ -5234,7 +5303,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 76 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3595
+#: freeculture.xml:3627
 msgid ""
 "But as well as copy-shop piracy, there is another kind of "
 "<quote>taking</quote> that is more directly related to the Internet. That "
@@ -5246,28 +5315,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3605
+#: freeculture.xml:3637
 msgid "Piracy I"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3606 freeculture.xml:3686 freeculture.xml:3736 freeculture.xml:14885
+#: freeculture.xml:3638 freeculture.xml:3718 freeculture.xml:3768 freeculture.xml:15306
 msgid "Asia, commercial piracy in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3607 freeculture.xml:4054 freeculture.xml:9582 freeculture.xml:10389 freeculture.xml:14276 freeculture.xml:14867
+#: freeculture.xml:3639 freeculture.xml:4086 freeculture.xml:9906 freeculture.xml:10760 freeculture.xml:14697 freeculture.xml:15288
 msgid "CDs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3607
+#: freeculture.xml:3639
 msgid "foreign piracy of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3615
+#: freeculture.xml:3647
 msgid ""
 "See IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), "
 "<citetitle>The Recording Industry Commercial Piracy Report 2003</citetitle>, "
@@ -5277,7 +5346,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3609
+#: freeculture.xml:3641
 msgid ""
 "All across the world, but especially in Asia and Eastern Europe, there are "
 "businesses that do nothing but take others people's copyrighted content, "
@@ -5289,7 +5358,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3625
+#: freeculture.xml:3657
 msgid ""
 "This is piracy plain and simple. Nothing in the argument of this book, nor "
 "in the argument that most people make when talking about the subject of this "
@@ -5297,7 +5366,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3631
+#: freeculture.xml:3663
 msgid ""
 "Which is not to say that excuses and justifications couldn't be made for "
 "it. We could, for example, remind ourselves that for the first one hundred "
@@ -5309,7 +5378,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3640
+#: freeculture.xml:3672
 msgid ""
 "That excuse isn't terribly strong. Technically, our law did not ban the "
 "taking of foreign works. It explicitly limited itself to American "
@@ -5324,7 +5393,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 77
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3651
+#: freeculture.xml:3683
 msgid ""
 "True, these local rules have, in effect, been imposed upon these "
 "countries. No country can be part of the world economy and choose not to "
@@ -5333,17 +5402,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3679
+#: freeculture.xml:3711
 msgid "agricultural patents"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3680 freeculture.xml:12867 freeculture.xml:13336 freeculture.xml:13343
+#: freeculture.xml:3712 freeculture.xml:13243 freeculture.xml:13734 freeculture.xml:13741
 msgid "Drahos, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3664
+#: freeculture.xml:3696
 msgid ""
 "See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: "
 "<citetitle>Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New "
@@ -5363,7 +5432,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3659
+#: freeculture.xml:3691
 msgid ""
 "If a country is to be treated as a sovereign, however, then its laws are its "
 "laws regardless of their source. The international law under which these "
@@ -5375,12 +5444,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3701 freeculture.xml:3975 freeculture.xml:15033
+#: freeculture.xml:3733 freeculture.xml:4007 freeculture.xml:15454
 msgid "Liebowitz, Stan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3694
+#: freeculture.xml:3726
 msgid ""
 "For an analysis of the economic impact of copying technology, see Stan "
 "Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle> (New York: "
@@ -5393,7 +5462,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3688
+#: freeculture.xml:3720
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, we could try to excuse this piracy by noting that in any "
 "case, it does no harm to the industry. The Chinese who get access to "
@@ -5403,7 +5472,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3705
+#: freeculture.xml:3737
 msgid ""
 "This is often true (though I have friends who have purchased many thousands "
 "of pirated DVDs who certainly have enough money to pay for the content they "
@@ -5419,7 +5488,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 78 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3719
+#: freeculture.xml:3751
 msgid ""
 "This argument is still very weak. However, although copyright is a property "
 "right of a very special sort, it <emphasis>is</emphasis> a property "
@@ -5438,47 +5507,47 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:14886
+#: freeculture.xml:3769 freeculture.xml:15307
 msgid "in Asia"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3738
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3770 freeculture.xml:13554 freeculture.xml:14140
 msgid "free software/open-source software (FS/OSS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3739 freeculture.xml:3769 freeculture.xml:11664 freeculture.xml:13179 freeculture.xml:13780
+#: freeculture.xml:3771 freeculture.xml:3801 freeculture.xml:12035 freeculture.xml:13569 freeculture.xml:14196
 msgid "GNU/Linux operating system"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3740 freeculture.xml:3770 freeculture.xml:11666 freeculture.xml:13180 freeculture.xml:13781
+#: freeculture.xml:3772 freeculture.xml:3802 freeculture.xml:12037 freeculture.xml:13570 freeculture.xml:14197
 msgid "Linux operating system"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3741
+#: freeculture.xml:3773
 msgid "competitive strategies of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3742
+#: freeculture.xml:3774
 msgid "Windows"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3743
+#: freeculture.xml:3775
 msgid "international software piracy of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3744
+#: freeculture.xml:3776
 msgid "Windows operating system of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3746
+#: freeculture.xml:3778
 msgid ""
 "Finally, we could try to excuse this piracy with the argument that the "
 "piracy actually helps the copyright owner. When the Chinese "
@@ -5494,17 +5563,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3758 freeculture.xml:13810
+#: freeculture.xml:3790 freeculture.xml:4824 freeculture.xml:5048 freeculture.xml:6535 freeculture.xml:6611 freeculture.xml:6744 freeculture.xml:7155 freeculture.xml:14228
 msgid "law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3758 freeculture.xml:13810
+#: freeculture.xml:3790 freeculture.xml:14228
 msgid "databases of case reports in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3760
+#: freeculture.xml:3792
 msgid ""
 "This argument, too, is somewhat true. The addiction strategy is a good "
 "one. Many businesses practice it. Some thrive because of it. Law students, "
@@ -5515,17 +5584,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3767
+#: freeculture.xml:3799
 msgid "Netscape"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3768
+#: freeculture.xml:3800
 msgid "Internet Explorer"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3772
+#: freeculture.xml:3804
 msgid ""
 "Still, the argument is not terribly persuasive. We don't give the alcoholic "
 "a defense when he steals his first beer, merely because that will make it "
@@ -5541,7 +5610,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 79 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3786
+#: freeculture.xml:3818
 msgid ""
 "Thus, while I understand the pull of these justifications for piracy, and I "
 "certainly see the motivation, in my view, in the end, these efforts at "
@@ -5553,7 +5622,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3796
+#: freeculture.xml:3828
 msgid ""
 "But as the examples from the four chapters that introduced this part "
 "suggest, even if some piracy is plainly wrong, not all <quote>piracy</quote> "
@@ -5566,7 +5635,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3805
+#: freeculture.xml:3837
 msgid ""
 "This doesn't mean that there are no questions raised by the latest piracy "
 "concern, peer-to-peer file sharing. But it does mean that we need to "
@@ -5575,7 +5644,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3811
+#: freeculture.xml:3843
 msgid ""
 "For (1) like the original Hollywood, p2p sharing escapes an overly "
 "controlling industry; and (2) like the original recording industry, it "
@@ -5584,20 +5653,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3817
+#: freeculture.xml:3849
 msgid ""
 "These differences distinguish p2p sharing from true piracy. They should push "
 "us to find a way to protect artists while enabling this sharing to survive."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3823
+#: freeculture.xml:3855
 msgid "Piracy II"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3828
+#: freeculture.xml:3860
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 "
 "Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777)."
@@ -5605,7 +5674,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 80 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3825
+#: freeculture.xml:3857
 msgid ""
 "The key to the <quote>piracy</quote> that the law aims to quash is a use "
 "that <quote>rob[s] the author of [his] profit.</quote><placeholder "
@@ -5614,23 +5683,23 @@ msgid ""
 "either prevent it or find an alternative to assure the author of his profit."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3836 freeculture.xml:3844
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3868 freeculture.xml:3876 freeculture.xml:9838
 msgid "innovation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3837
+#: freeculture.xml:3869
 msgid "Fanning, Shawn"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3854 freeculture.xml:8546
+#: freeculture.xml:3886 freeculture.xml:8861
 msgid "Christensen, Clayton M."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3844
+#: freeculture.xml:3876
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> See Clayton M. Christensen, "
 "<citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The Revolutionary National Bestseller "
@@ -5645,7 +5714,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3839
+#: freeculture.xml:3871
 msgid ""
 "Peer-to-peer sharing was made famous by Napster. But the inventors of the "
 "Napster technology had not made any major technological innovations.  Like "
@@ -5657,7 +5726,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3864
+#: freeculture.xml:3896
 msgid ""
 "See Carolyn Lochhead, <quote>Silicon Valley Dream, Hollywood "
 "Nightmare,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</citetitle>, 24 "
@@ -5671,7 +5740,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3859
+#: freeculture.xml:3891
 msgid ""
 "The result was spontaneous combustion. Launched in July 1999, Napster "
 "amassed over 10 million users within nine months. After eighteen months, "
@@ -5687,7 +5756,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3886
+#: freeculture.xml:3918
 msgid ""
 "See Ipsos-Insight, <citetitle>TEMPO: Keeping Pace with Online Music "
 "Distribution</citetitle> (September 2002), reporting that 28 percent of "
@@ -5698,14 +5767,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3895
+#: freeculture.xml:3927
 msgid ""
 "Amy Harmon, <quote>Industry Offers a Carrot in Online Music Fight,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 6 June 2003, A1."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3880
+#: freeculture.xml:3912
 msgid ""
 "According to a number of estimates, a huge proportion of Americans have "
 "tasted file-sharing technology. A study by Ipsos-Insight in September 2002 "
@@ -5721,7 +5790,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3904
+#: freeculture.xml:3936
 msgid ""
 "Some of this enjoying involves copyright infringement. Some of it does "
 "not. And even among the part that is technically copyright infringement, "
@@ -5733,7 +5802,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 81 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3914
+#: freeculture.xml:3946
 msgid ""
 "File sharers share different kinds of content. We can divide these different "
 "kinds into four types."
@@ -5741,7 +5810,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  A. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3922
+#: freeculture.xml:3954
 msgid ""
 "There are some who use sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
 "content. Thus, when a new Madonna CD is released, rather than buying the CD, "
@@ -5754,7 +5823,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  B. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3932
+#: freeculture.xml:3964
 msgid ""
 "There are some who use sharing networks to sample music before purchasing "
 "it. Thus, a friend sends another friend an MP3 of an artist he's not heard "
@@ -5767,7 +5836,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  C. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3943
+#: freeculture.xml:3975
 msgid ""
 "There are many who use sharing networks to get access to copyrighted content "
 "that is no longer sold or that they would not have purchased because the "
@@ -5786,26 +5855,26 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  PAGE BREAK 82 
 #.  D. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3960
+#: freeculture.xml:3992
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there are many who use sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is not copyrighted or that the copyright owner wants to give away."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3966
+#: freeculture.xml:3998
 msgid "How do these different types of sharing balance out?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3974
+#: freeculture.xml:4006
 msgid ""
 "See Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle>, "
 "148&ndash;49.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3969
+#: freeculture.xml:4001
 msgid ""
 "Let's start with some simple but important points. From the perspective of "
 "the law, only type D sharing is clearly legal. From the perspective of "
@@ -5819,7 +5888,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3985
+#: freeculture.xml:4017
 msgid ""
 "Whether on balance sharing is harmful depends importantly on how harmful "
 "type A sharing is. Just as Edison complained about Hollywood, composers "
@@ -5830,17 +5899,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3992 freeculture.xml:4001 freeculture.xml:4358 freeculture.xml:8112 freeculture.xml:8141 freeculture.xml:9843 freeculture.xml:14593
+#: freeculture.xml:4024 freeculture.xml:4033 freeculture.xml:4390 freeculture.xml:8427 freeculture.xml:8456 freeculture.xml:10185 freeculture.xml:15014
 msgid "cassette recording"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3992 freeculture.xml:4358 freeculture.xml:8112 freeculture.xml:8141 freeculture.xml:9843 freeculture.xml:9844 freeculture.xml:14593 freeculture.xml:14594
+#: freeculture.xml:4024 freeculture.xml:4390 freeculture.xml:8427 freeculture.xml:8456 freeculture.xml:10185 freeculture.xml:10186 freeculture.xml:15014 freeculture.xml:15015
 msgid "VCRs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4001
+#: freeculture.xml:4033
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> See Cap Gemini Ernst &amp; Young, "
 "<citetitle>Technology Evolution and the Music Industry's Business Model "
@@ -5857,7 +5926,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3994
+#: freeculture.xml:4026
 msgid ""
 "While the numbers do suggest that sharing is harmful, how harmful is harder "
 "to reckon. It has long been the recording industry's practice to blame "
@@ -5872,18 +5941,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4019
+#: freeculture.xml:4051
 msgid "MTV"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4029
+#: freeculture.xml:4061
 msgid "U.S. Congress, <citetitle>Copyright and Home Copying</citetitle>, 4."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4021
+#: freeculture.xml:4053
 msgid ""
 "Yet soon thereafter, and before Congress was given an opportunity to enact "
 "regulation, MTV was launched, and the industry had a record "
@@ -5895,7 +5964,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4034
+#: freeculture.xml:4066
 msgid ""
 "But just because the industry was wrong before does not mean it is wrong "
 "today. To evaluate the real threat that p2p sharing presents to the industry "
@@ -5908,7 +5977,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4044
+#: freeculture.xml:4076
 msgid ""
 "We start to answer this question by focusing on the net harm, from the "
 "standpoint of the industry as a whole, that sharing networks cause.  The "
@@ -5920,12 +5989,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4054
+#: freeculture.xml:4086
 msgid "sales levels of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4056
+#: freeculture.xml:4088
 msgid ""
 "Could that be true? Could the industry as a whole be gaining because of file "
 "sharing? Odd as that might sound, the data about CD sales actually suggest "
@@ -5934,7 +6003,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4065
+#: freeculture.xml:4097
 msgid ""
 "See Recording Industry Association of America, <citetitle>2002 Yearend "
 "Statistics</citetitle>, available at <ulink "
@@ -5952,12 +6021,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4092
+#: freeculture.xml:4124
 msgid "Black, Jane"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4089
+#: freeculture.xml:4121
 msgid ""
 "Jane Black, <quote>Big Music's Broken Record,</quote> BusinessWeek online, "
 "13 February 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -5966,7 +6035,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4061
+#: freeculture.xml:4093
 msgid ""
 "In 2002, the RIAA reported that CD sales had fallen by 8.9 percent, from 882 "
 "million to 803 million units; revenues fell 6.7 percent.<placeholder "
@@ -5987,7 +6056,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 84 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4107
+#: freeculture.xml:4139
 msgid ""
 "But let's assume the RIAA is right, and all of the decline in CD sales is "
 "because of Internet sharing. Here's the rub: In the same period that the "
@@ -5998,7 +6067,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4115
+#: freeculture.xml:4147
 msgid ""
 "There are too many different things happening at the same time to explain "
 "these numbers definitively, but one conclusion is unavoidable: The recording "
@@ -6016,7 +6085,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4131
+#: freeculture.xml:4163
 msgid ""
 "These are the harms&mdash;alleged and perhaps exaggerated but, let's assume, "
 "real. What of the benefits? File sharing may impose costs on the recording "
@@ -6025,7 +6094,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4143
+#: freeculture.xml:4175
 msgid ""
 "By one estimate, 75 percent of the music released by the major labels is no "
 "longer in print. See Online Entertainment and Copyright Law&mdash;Coming "
@@ -6036,7 +6105,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4137
+#: freeculture.xml:4169
 msgid ""
 "One benefit is type C sharing&mdash;making available content that is "
 "technically still under copyright but is no longer commercially available.  "
@@ -6050,17 +6119,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4164 freeculture.xml:4186 freeculture.xml:4208 freeculture.xml:4716 freeculture.xml:6057 freeculture.xml:6062 freeculture.xml:6114 freeculture.xml:6994 freeculture.xml:6995 freeculture.xml:7337 freeculture.xml:7406 freeculture.xml:7440 freeculture.xml:7656 freeculture.xml:13979 freeculture.xml:14705 freeculture.xml:14706
+#: freeculture.xml:4188 freeculture.xml:4196 freeculture.xml:4218 freeculture.xml:4240 freeculture.xml:4748 freeculture.xml:6205 freeculture.xml:6210 freeculture.xml:6262 freeculture.xml:7226 freeculture.xml:7227 freeculture.xml:7613 freeculture.xml:7687 freeculture.xml:7971 freeculture.xml:14400 freeculture.xml:15126 freeculture.xml:15127
 msgid "books"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4164 freeculture.xml:6995 freeculture.xml:14706
+#: freeculture.xml:4188 freeculture.xml:4196 freeculture.xml:7226 freeculture.xml:15127
 msgid "resales of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4164
+#: freeculture.xml:4196
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> While there are not good "
 "estimates of the number of used record stores in existence, in 2002, there "
@@ -6074,7 +6143,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4158
+#: freeculture.xml:4190
 msgid ""
 "In real space&mdash;long before the Internet&mdash;the market had a simple "
 "response to this problem: used book and record stores. There are thousands "
@@ -6089,17 +6158,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4185
+#: freeculture.xml:4217
 msgid "Bernstein, Leonard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4186 freeculture.xml:6057 freeculture.xml:6062 freeculture.xml:6994 freeculture.xml:14705
+#: freeculture.xml:4218 freeculture.xml:6205 freeculture.xml:6210 freeculture.xml:7227 freeculture.xml:15126
 msgid "out of print"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4188
+#: freeculture.xml:4220
 msgid ""
 "Type C sharing, then, is very much like used book stores or used record "
 "stores. It is different, of course, because the person making the content "
@@ -6115,7 +6184,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4201
+#: freeculture.xml:4233
 msgid ""
 "It may well be, all things considered, that it would be better if the "
 "copyright owner got something from this trade. But just because it may well "
@@ -6126,13 +6195,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4208 freeculture.xml:13979
+#: freeculture.xml:4240 freeculture.xml:14400
 msgid "free on-line releases of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 86 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4210
+#: freeculture.xml:4242
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and perhaps most importantly, file-sharing networks enable type D "
 "sharing to occur&mdash;the sharing of content that copyright owners want to "
@@ -6150,7 +6219,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4228
+#: freeculture.xml:4260
 msgid ""
 "Likewise for work in the public domain: This sharing benefits society with "
 "no legal harm to authors at all. If efforts to solve the problem of type A "
@@ -6159,7 +6228,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4234
+#: freeculture.xml:4266
 msgid ""
 "The point throughout is this: While the recording industry understandably "
 "says, <quote>This is how much we've lost,</quote> we must also ask, "
@@ -6169,7 +6238,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4241
+#: freeculture.xml:4273
 msgid ""
 "For unlike the piracy I described in the first section of this chapter, much "
 "of the <quote>piracy</quote> that file sharing enables is plainly legal and "
@@ -6185,7 +6254,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4255
+#: freeculture.xml:4287
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But isn't the war just a war against illegal sharing? Isn't the "
 "target just what you call type A sharing?</quote>"
@@ -6193,7 +6262,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4272
+#: freeculture.xml:4304
 msgid ""
 "See Transcript of Proceedings, In Re: Napster Copyright Litigation at 34- 35 "
 "(N.D. Cal., 11 July 2001), nos. MDL-00-1369 MHP, C 99-5183 MHP, available at "
@@ -6204,7 +6273,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4259
+#: freeculture.xml:4291
 msgid ""
 "You would think. And we should hope. But so far, it is not. The effect of "
 "the war purportedly on type A sharing alone has been felt far beyond that "
@@ -6217,7 +6286,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4283
+#: freeculture.xml:4315
 msgid ""
 "If 99.4 percent is not good enough, then this is a war on file-sharing "
 "technologies, not a war on copyright infringement. There is no way to assure "
@@ -6231,7 +6300,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4294
+#: freeculture.xml:4326
 msgid ""
 "Zero tolerance has not been our history. It has not produced the content "
 "industry that we know today. The history of American law has been a process "
@@ -6243,57 +6312,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4303
+#: freeculture.xml:4335
 msgid "composers, copyright protections of"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4304 freeculture.xml:4305 freeculture.xml:4388 freeculture.xml:4389 freeculture.xml:11732
-msgid "Congress, U.S."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4304 freeculture.xml:4388
-msgid "on copyright laws"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4305
-msgid "on recording industry"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4307
-msgid "statutory licenses in"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4308
+#: freeculture.xml:4340
 msgid "music recordings played on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4310
+#: freeculture.xml:4342
 msgid "copyright protections in"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4311
-msgid "radio broadcast and"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4312
-msgid "statutory licenses"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4313
+#: freeculture.xml:4345
 msgid "composer's rights vs. producers' rights in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4315
+#: freeculture.xml:4347
 msgid ""
 "So, as we've seen, when <quote>mechanical reproduction</quote> threatened "
 "the interests of composers, Congress balanced the rights of composers "
@@ -6307,7 +6346,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4328
+#: freeculture.xml:4360
 msgid ""
 "Cable TV followed the pattern of record albums. When the courts rejected the "
 "claim that cable broadcasters had to pay for the content they rebroadcast, "
@@ -6318,7 +6357,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 88 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4339
+#: freeculture.xml:4371
 msgid ""
 "This compromise, like the compromise affecting records and player pianos, "
 "served two important goals&mdash;indeed, the two central goals of any "
@@ -6336,12 +6375,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4357
+#: freeculture.xml:4389
 msgid "Betamax"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4360
+#: freeculture.xml:4392
 msgid ""
 "In the same year that Congress struck this balance, two major producers and "
 "distributors of film content filed a lawsuit against another technology, the "
@@ -6358,7 +6397,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 89 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4374
+#: freeculture.xml:4406
 msgid ""
 "There was something to Disney's and Universal's claim. Sony did decide to "
 "design its machine to make it very simple to record television shows. It "
@@ -6374,13 +6413,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4389
+#: freeculture.xml:4421
 msgid "on VCR technology"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4398
+#: freeculture.xml:4430
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders): Hearing on S. 1758 "
 "Before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 97th Cong., 1st and 2nd sess., "
@@ -6390,13 +6429,13 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4410
+#: freeculture.xml:4442
 msgid "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 475."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4415
+#: freeculture.xml:4447
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony "
 "Corp. of America</citetitle>, 480 F. Supp. 429, (C.D. Cal., 1979)."
@@ -6404,14 +6443,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4426
+#: freeculture.xml:4458
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 485 (testimony of Jack "
 "Valenti)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4391
+#: freeculture.xml:4423
 msgid ""
 "MPAA president Jack Valenti became the studios' most vocal champion. Valenti "
 "called VCRs <quote>tapeworms.</quote> He warned, <quote>When there are 20, "
@@ -6438,19 +6477,19 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4443
+#: freeculture.xml:4475
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony "
 "Corp. of America</citetitle>, 659 F. 2d 963 (9th Cir.  1981)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4446
+#: freeculture.xml:4478
 msgid "Kozinski, Alex"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4431
+#: freeculture.xml:4463
 msgid ""
 "It took eight years for this case to be resolved by the Supreme Court. In "
 "the interim, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which includes Hollywood in "
@@ -6467,7 +6506,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 90 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4449
+#: freeculture.xml:4481
 msgid ""
 "But the Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Ninth Circuit.  And in "
 "its reversal, the Court clearly articulated its understanding of when and "
@@ -6476,14 +6515,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f23 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4468
+#: freeculture.xml:4500
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
 "Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, 431 (1984)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4458
+#: freeculture.xml:4490
 msgid ""
 "Sound policy, as well as history, supports our consistent deference to "
 "Congress when major technological innovations alter the market for "
@@ -6494,7 +6533,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4474
+#: freeculture.xml:4506
 msgid ""
 "Congress was asked to respond to the Supreme Court's decision.  But as with "
 "the plea of recording artists about radio broadcasts, Congress ignored the "
@@ -6504,77 +6543,77 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4485
+#: freeculture.xml:4517
 msgid "CASE"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4486
+#: freeculture.xml:4518
 msgid "WHOSE VALUE WAS <quote>PIRATED</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4487
+#: freeculture.xml:4519
 msgid "RESPONSE OF THE COURTS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4488
+#: freeculture.xml:4520
 msgid "RESPONSE OF CONGRESS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4493
+#: freeculture.xml:4525
 msgid "Recordings"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4494
+#: freeculture.xml:4526
 msgid "Composers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4495 freeculture.xml:4507 freeculture.xml:4513
+#: freeculture.xml:4527 freeculture.xml:4539 freeculture.xml:4545
 msgid "No protection"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4496 freeculture.xml:4508
+#: freeculture.xml:4528 freeculture.xml:4540
 msgid "Statutory license"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4500
+#: freeculture.xml:4532
 msgid "Recording artists"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4501
+#: freeculture.xml:4533
 msgid "N/A"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4502 freeculture.xml:4514
+#: freeculture.xml:4534 freeculture.xml:4546
 msgid "Nothing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4506
+#: freeculture.xml:4538
 msgid "Broadcasters"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4511
+#: freeculture.xml:4543
 msgid "VCR"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4512
+#: freeculture.xml:4544
 msgid "Film creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4524
+#: freeculture.xml:4556
 msgid ""
 "These are the most important instances in our history, but there are other "
 "cases as well. The technology of digital audio tape (DAT), for example, was "
@@ -6591,7 +6630,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4521
+#: freeculture.xml:4553
 msgid ""
 "In each case throughout our history, a new technology changed the way "
 "content was distributed.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In each "
@@ -6601,7 +6640,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 91 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4542
+#: freeculture.xml:4574
 msgid ""
 "In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these cases did either the courts or "
 "Congress eliminate all free riding. In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these "
@@ -6615,7 +6654,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4555
+#: freeculture.xml:4587
 msgid ""
 "When you think across these examples, and the other examples that make up "
 "the first four chapters of this section, this balance makes sense. Was Walt "
@@ -6628,20 +6667,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4566
+#: freeculture.xml:4598
 msgid "on balance of interests in copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f25 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4573
+#: freeculture.xml:4605
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
 "Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, (1984)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4568
+#: freeculture.xml:4600
 msgid ""
 "We could answer yes to each of these questions, but our tradition has "
 "answered no. In our tradition, as the Supreme Court has stated, copyright "
@@ -6655,7 +6694,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4584
+#: freeculture.xml:4616
 msgid ""
 "We should be doing the same thing today. The technology of the Internet is "
 "changing quickly. The way people connect to the Internet (wires "
@@ -6672,7 +6711,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f26 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4608
+#: freeculture.xml:4640
 msgid ""
 "John Schwartz, <quote>New Economy: The Attack on Peer-to-Peer Software "
 "Echoes Past Efforts,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 22 "
@@ -6680,7 +6719,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4600
+#: freeculture.xml:4632
 msgid ""
 "This is especially true when a new technology enables a vastly superior mode "
 "of distribution. And this p2p has done. P2p technologies can be ideally "
@@ -6692,7 +6731,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4613
+#: freeculture.xml:4645
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Yet when anyone</emphasis> begins to talk about "
 "<quote>balance,</quote> the copyright warriors raise a different "
@@ -6706,7 +6745,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4625
+#: freeculture.xml:4657
 msgid ""
 "<quote>It is <emphasis>our property</emphasis>,</quote> the warriors "
 "insist. <quote>And it should be protected just as any other property is "
@@ -6714,13 +6753,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:4634
+#: freeculture.xml:4666
 msgid "<quote>PROPERTY</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 94 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4639
+#: freeculture.xml:4671
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The copyright warriors</emphasis> are right: A "
 "copyright is a kind of property. It can be owned and sold, and the law "
@@ -6730,7 +6769,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4646
+#: freeculture.xml:4678
 msgid ""
 "But in ordinary language, to call a copyright a <quote>property</quote> "
 "right is a bit misleading, for the property of copyright is an odd kind of "
@@ -6744,13 +6783,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4657 freeculture.xml:6348 freeculture.xml:13966
+#: freeculture.xml:4689 freeculture.xml:6496 freeculture.xml:14387
 msgid "Jefferson, Thomas"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4672
+#: freeculture.xml:4704
 msgid ""
 "Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson (13 August 1813) in "
 "<citetitle>The Writings of Thomas Jefferson</citetitle>, vol. 6 (Andrew "
@@ -6758,7 +6797,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4659
+#: freeculture.xml:4691
 msgid ""
 "The point is not just about the thingness of picnic tables versus ideas, "
 "though that's an important difference. The point instead is that in the "
@@ -6774,12 +6813,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4677
+#: freeculture.xml:4709
 msgid "intangibility of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4679
+#: freeculture.xml:4711
 msgid ""
 "The exceptions to free use are ideas and expressions within the reach of the "
 "law of patent and copyright, and a few other domains that I won't discuss "
@@ -6789,7 +6828,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4692
+#: freeculture.xml:4724
 msgid ""
 "As the legal realists taught American law, all property rights are "
 "intangible.  A property right is simply a right that an individual has "
@@ -6801,7 +6840,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4687
+#: freeculture.xml:4719
 msgid ""
 "But how, and to what extent, and in what form&mdash;the details, in other "
 "words&mdash;matter. To get a good sense of how this practice of turning the "
@@ -6811,7 +6850,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4702
+#: freeculture.xml:4734
 msgid ""
 "My strategy in doing this will be the same as my strategy in the preceding "
 "part. I offer four stories to help put the idea of <quote>copyright material "
@@ -6824,32 +6863,47 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:4715
+#: freeculture.xml:4747
 msgid "CHAPTER SIX: Founders"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4716
+#: freeculture.xml:4748
 msgid "English copyright law developed for"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4717 freeculture.xml:4870
-msgid "Branagh, Kenneth"
+#: freeculture.xml:4751
+msgid "England, copyright laws developed in"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4718
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4752 freeculture.xml:13928
+msgid "United Kingdom"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4752
+msgid "history of copyright law in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4753 freeculture.xml:4923
+msgid "Branagh, Kenneth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4754
 msgid "Henry V"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4720
+#: freeculture.xml:4756 freeculture.xml:4888
 msgid "Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4722
+#: freeculture.xml:4758
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>William Shakespeare</emphasis> wrote "
 "<citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> in 1595. The play was first "
@@ -6863,27 +6917,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4733
+#: freeculture.xml:4769 freeculture.xml:4853 freeculture.xml:4962 freeculture.xml:5095
 msgid "Conger"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4734
+#: freeculture.xml:4770
 msgid "Tonson, Jacob"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4740
+#: freeculture.xml:4776
 msgid "Jonson, Ben"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4741
+#: freeculture.xml:4777
 msgid "Dryden, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4740
+#: freeculture.xml:4776
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with "
@@ -6898,7 +6952,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4753
+#: freeculture.xml:4789
 msgid ""
 "Lyman Ray Patterson, <citetitle>Copyright in Historical "
 "Perspective</citetitle> (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), "
@@ -6907,7 +6961,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 97 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4736
+#: freeculture.xml:4772
 msgid ""
 "In 1774, almost 180 years after <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> was "
 "written, the <quote>copy-right</quote> for the work was still thought by "
@@ -6923,17 +6977,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4765
+#: freeculture.xml:4801 freeculture.xml:4854 freeculture.xml:4994 freeculture.xml:5175 freeculture.xml:5331
 msgid "British Parliament"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4803 freeculture.xml:7164
+msgid "renewability of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4766 freeculture.xml:4848 freeculture.xml:6928
+#: freeculture.xml:4804 freeculture.xml:4856 freeculture.xml:4900 freeculture.xml:5007 freeculture.xml:5094 freeculture.xml:7154
 msgid "Statute of Anne (1710)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4777
+#: freeculture.xml:4815
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> As Siva Vaidhyanathan nicely "
 "argues, it is erroneous to call this a <quote>copyright law.</quote> See "
@@ -6941,7 +7000,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4768
+#: freeculture.xml:4806
 msgid ""
 "Now, there's something puzzling about the year 1774 to anyone who knows a "
 "little about copyright law. The better-known year in the history of "
@@ -6955,13 +7014,23 @@ msgid ""
 "about it still being under Tonson's control in 1774?"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4824 freeculture.xml:5048
+msgid "common vs. positive"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4786
+#: freeculture.xml:4825 freeculture.xml:5049
+msgid "positive law"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4826
 msgid "Licensing Act (1662)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4788
+#: freeculture.xml:4828
 msgid ""
 "The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a "
 "<quote>copyright</quote> was&mdash;indeed, no one had. At the time the "
@@ -6973,8 +7042,13 @@ msgid ""
 "or <quote>Stationers,</quote> had an exclusive right to print books."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4839 freeculture.xml:5047 freeculture.xml:5118 freeculture.xml:5218
+msgid "common law"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4799
+#: freeculture.xml:4841
 msgid ""
 "There was no <emphasis>positive</emphasis> law, but that didn't mean that "
 "there was no law. The Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the words "
@@ -6988,9 +7062,14 @@ msgid ""
 "independent of any positive law."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4855 freeculture.xml:5084 freeculture.xml:5192 freeculture.xml:5270
+msgid "Scottish publishers"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 98 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4811
+#: freeculture.xml:4858
 msgid ""
 "This question was important to the publishers, or "
 "<quote>booksellers,</quote> as they were called, because there was growing "
@@ -7001,8 +7080,13 @@ msgid ""
 "publishing. That demand ultimately resulted in the Statute of Anne."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4869
+msgid "as narrow monopoly right"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4823
+#: freeculture.xml:4871
 msgid ""
 "The Statute of Anne granted the author or <quote>proprietor</quote> of a "
 "book an exclusive right to print that book. In an important limitation, "
@@ -7013,7 +7097,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4832
+#: freeculture.xml:4881
 msgid ""
 "Now, the thing to puzzle about for a moment is this: Why would Parliament "
 "limit the exclusive right? Not why would they limit it to the particular "
@@ -7022,7 +7106,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4838
+#: freeculture.xml:4890
 msgid ""
 "For the booksellers, and the authors whom they represented, had a very "
 "strong claim. Take <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> as an example: "
@@ -7036,7 +7120,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4850
+#: freeculture.xml:4902
 msgid ""
 "The answer comes in two parts. We first need to see something special about "
 "the notion of <quote>copyright</quote> that existed at the time of the "
@@ -7044,9 +7128,14 @@ msgid ""
 "<quote>booksellers.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4907 freeculture.xml:7679 freeculture.xml:7846
+msgid "usage restrictions attached to"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 99 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4856
+#: freeculture.xml:4909
 msgid ""
 "First, about copyright. In the last three hundred years, we have come to "
 "apply the concept of <quote>copyright</quote> ever more broadly. But in "
@@ -7062,7 +7151,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4872
+#: freeculture.xml:4926
 msgid ""
 "So, for example, even if the copyright to Shakespeare's works were "
 "perpetual, all that would have meant under the original meaning of the term "
@@ -7075,17 +7164,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4881
+#: freeculture.xml:4935
 msgid "Henry VIII, King of England"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4882
+#: freeculture.xml:4936
+msgid "monopoly, copyright as"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4937
 msgid "Statute of Monopolies (1656)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4884
+#: freeculture.xml:4939
 msgid ""
 "Even that limited right was viewed with skepticism by the British.  They had "
 "had a long and ugly experience with <quote>exclusive rights,</quote> "
@@ -7100,7 +7194,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4897
+#: freeculture.xml:4952
 msgid ""
 "Thus the <quote>copy-right,</quote> when viewed as a monopoly right, was "
 "naturally viewed as a right that should be limited. (However convincing the "
@@ -7112,20 +7206,25 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4905
+#: freeculture.xml:4960 freeculture.xml:5253
+msgid "Milton, John"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4961
 msgid "booksellers, English"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4922
+#: freeculture.xml:4980
 msgid ""
 "Philip Wittenberg, <citetitle>The Protection and Marketing of Literary "
 "Property</citetitle> (New York: J. Messner, Inc., 1937), 31."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4907
+#: freeculture.xml:4965
 msgid ""
 "Second, about booksellers. It wasn't just that the copyright was a "
 "monopoly. It was also that it was a monopoly held by the booksellers.  "
@@ -7140,8 +7239,18 @@ msgid ""
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4984
+msgid "Enlightenment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4985
+msgid "knowledge, freedom of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4927
+#: freeculture.xml:4987
 msgid ""
 "Many believed the power the booksellers exercised over the spread of "
 "knowledge was harming that spread, just at the time the Enlightenment was "
@@ -7151,7 +7260,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4935
+#: freeculture.xml:4996
 msgid ""
 "To balance this power, Parliament decided to increase competition among "
 "booksellers, and the simplest way to do that was to spread the wealth of "
@@ -7164,8 +7273,13 @@ msgid ""
 "culture."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5009 freeculture.xml:5144 freeculture.xml:5238
+msgid "in perpetuity"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4947
+#: freeculture.xml:5011
 msgid ""
 "When 1731 (1710 + 21) came along, however, the booksellers were getting "
 "anxious. They saw the consequences of more competition, and like every "
@@ -7177,7 +7291,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4956
+#: freeculture.xml:5020
 msgid ""
 "Parliament rejected their requests. As one pamphleteer put it, in words that "
 "echo today,"
@@ -7185,7 +7299,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4971
+#: freeculture.xml:5035
 msgid ""
 "A Letter to a Member of Parliament concerning the Bill now depending in the "
 "House of Commons, for making more effectual an Act in the Eighth Year of the "
@@ -7197,7 +7311,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4961
+#: freeculture.xml:5025
 msgid ""
 "I see no Reason for granting a further Term now, which will not hold as well "
 "for granting it again and again, as often as the Old ones Expire; so that "
@@ -7209,7 +7323,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4982
+#: freeculture.xml:5051
 msgid ""
 "Having failed in Parliament, the publishers turned to the courts in a series "
 "of cases. Their argument was simple and direct: The Statute of Anne gave "
@@ -7226,12 +7340,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4996 freeculture.xml:5004 freeculture.xml:5051
+#: freeculture.xml:5073 freeculture.xml:5083 freeculture.xml:5126
 msgid "Patterson, Raymond"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5004
+#: freeculture.xml:5073
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> Lyman Ray Patterson, <quote>Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair "
@@ -7240,7 +7354,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4998
+#: freeculture.xml:5067
 msgid ""
 "This was a clever argument, and one that had the support of some of the "
 "leading jurists of the day. It also displayed extraordinary chutzpah.  Until "
@@ -7251,16 +7365,21 @@ msgid ""
 "monopoly profit that the author's work gave."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5082 freeculture.xml:5191
+msgid "Donaldson, Alexander"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5018
+#: freeculture.xml:5090
 msgid ""
 "For a compelling account, see David Saunders, <citetitle>Authorship and "
 "Copyright</citetitle> (London: Routledge, 1992), 62&ndash;69."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5014
+#: freeculture.xml:5086
 msgid ""
 "The booksellers' argument was not accepted without a fight.  The hero of "
 "this fight was a Scottish bookseller named Alexander Donaldson.<placeholder "
@@ -7268,22 +7387,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5022
+#: freeculture.xml:5096
 msgid "Boswell, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5023
+#: freeculture.xml:5097
 msgid "Erskine, Andrew"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5032 freeculture.xml:15129
+#: freeculture.xml:5106 freeculture.xml:15550
 msgid "Rose, Mark"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5030
+#: freeculture.xml:5104
 msgid ""
 "Mark Rose, <citetitle>Authors and Owners</citetitle> (Cambridge: Harvard "
 "University Press, 1993), 92.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
@@ -7291,12 +7410,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5041
+#: freeculture.xml:5115
 msgid "Ibid., 93."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5025
+#: freeculture.xml:5099
 msgid ""
 "Donaldson was an outsider to the London Conger. He began his career in "
 "Edinburgh in 1750. The focus of his business was inexpensive reprints "
@@ -7310,7 +7429,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5051
+#: freeculture.xml:5126
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Lyman Ray Patterson, "
 "<citetitle>Copyright in Historical Perspective</citetitle>, 167 (quoting "
@@ -7318,7 +7437,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5045
+#: freeculture.xml:5120
 msgid ""
 "When the London booksellers tried to shut down Donaldson's shop in Scotland, "
 "he responded by moving his shop to London, where he sold inexpensive "
@@ -7329,8 +7448,13 @@ msgid ""
 "the Statute of Anne, the works he was selling had passed out of protection."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5135
+msgid "Millar v. Taylor"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5060
+#: freeculture.xml:5137
 msgid ""
 "The London booksellers quickly brought suit to block <quote>piracy</quote> "
 "like Donaldson's. A number of actions were successful against the "
@@ -7339,18 +7463,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5064
+#: freeculture.xml:5143 freeculture.xml:5197
+msgid "Thomson, James"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5145
 msgid "Seasons, The (Thomson)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5065
+#: freeculture.xml:5146
 msgid "Taylor, Robert"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5074
+#: freeculture.xml:5155
 msgid ""
 "Howard B. Abrams, <quote>The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
 "Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,</quote> <citetitle>Wayne Law "
@@ -7358,7 +7487,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5067
+#: freeculture.xml:5148
 msgid ""
 "Millar was a bookseller who in 1729 had purchased the rights to James "
 "Thomson's poem <quote>The Seasons.</quote> Millar complied with the "
@@ -7370,7 +7499,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5081
+#: freeculture.xml:5162
 msgid ""
 "Astonishingly to modern lawyers, one of the greatest judges in English "
 "history, Lord Mansfield, agreed with the booksellers. Whatever protection "
@@ -7385,7 +7514,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 103 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5092
+#: freeculture.xml:5177
 msgid ""
 "Considered as a matter of abstract justice&mdash;reasoning as if justice "
 "were just a matter of logical deduction from first "
@@ -7400,25 +7529,35 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5107
+#: freeculture.xml:5194
 msgid ""
 "The fight to defend the limits of the Statute of Anne was not to end there, "
 "however, and it is here that Donaldson enters the mix."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5110
+#: freeculture.xml:5198
 msgid "Beckett, Thomas"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5199 freeculture.xml:5306
+msgid "House of Lords"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5200
+msgid "House of Lords vs."
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5116
+#: freeculture.xml:5206
 msgid "Ibid., 1156."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5112
+#: freeculture.xml:5202
 msgid ""
 "Millar died soon after his victory, so his case was not appealed. His estate "
 "sold Thomson's poems to a syndicate of printers that included Thomas "
@@ -7431,8 +7570,13 @@ msgid ""
 "years before."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5217
+msgid "Donaldson v. Beckett"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5126
+#: freeculture.xml:5220
 msgid ""
 "As few legal cases ever do, <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> "
 "v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle> drew an enormous amount of attention "
@@ -7445,7 +7589,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5136
+#: freeculture.xml:5231
 msgid ""
 "The House of Lords was an odd institution. Legal questions were presented to "
 "the House and voted upon first by the <quote>law lords,</quote> members of "
@@ -7454,9 +7598,14 @@ msgid ""
 "voted."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5239 freeculture.xml:5307
+msgid "English legal establishment of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 104 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5143
+#: freeculture.xml:5241
 msgid ""
 "The reports about the law lords' votes are mixed. On some counts, it looks "
 "as if perpetual copyright prevailed. But there is no ambiguity about how the "
@@ -7467,28 +7616,23 @@ msgid ""
 "domain."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5161
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5250
 msgid "Bacon, Francis"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5162
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5251
 msgid "Bunyan, John"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5163
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5252
 msgid "Johnson, Samuel"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5164
-msgid "Milton, John"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5153
+#: freeculture.xml:5256
 msgid ""
 "<quote>The public domain.</quote> Before the case of "
 "<citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle>, there "
@@ -7497,20 +7641,17 @@ msgid ""
 "public domain was born. For the first time in Anglo-American history, the "
 "legal control over creative works expired, and the greatest works in English "
 "history&mdash;including those of Shakespeare, Bacon, Milton, Johnson, and "
-"Bunyan&mdash;were free of legal restraint.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/>"
+"Bunyan&mdash;were free of legal restraint."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5178
+#: freeculture.xml:5282
 msgid "Rose, 97."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5168
+#: freeculture.xml:5272
 msgid ""
 "It is hard for us to imagine, but this decision by the House of Lords fueled "
 "an extraordinarily popular and political reaction. In Scotland, where most "
@@ -7525,7 +7666,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5182
+#: freeculture.xml:5287
 msgid ""
 "In London, however, at least among publishers, the reaction was equally "
 "strong in the opposite direction. The <citetitle>Morning "
@@ -7533,7 +7674,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5188
+#: freeculture.xml:5293
 msgid ""
 "By the above decision &hellip; near 200,000 pounds worth of what was "
 "honestly purchased at public sale, and which was yesterday thought property "
@@ -7547,7 +7688,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 105 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5203
+#: freeculture.xml:5310
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Ruined</quote> is a bit of an exaggeration. But it is not an "
 "exaggeration to say that the change was profound. The decision of the House "
@@ -7570,7 +7711,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5225
+#: freeculture.xml:5333
 msgid ""
 "At least, this was the rule in a world where the Parliament is antimonopoly, "
 "resistant to the protectionist pleas of publishers. In a world where the "
@@ -7578,12 +7719,42 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5235
+#: freeculture.xml:5350
 msgid "CHAPTER SEVEN: Recorders"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5351 freeculture.xml:7648 freeculture.xml:7767 freeculture.xml:7826
+msgid "fair use and"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5352
+msgid "documentary film"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5353
+msgid "Else, Jon"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5354 freeculture.xml:5501 freeculture.xml:7647 freeculture.xml:7689 freeculture.xml:7766 freeculture.xml:7828
+msgid "fair use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5354
+msgid "in documentary film"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5355
+msgid "fair use of copyrighted material in"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5237
+#: freeculture.xml:5357
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Jon Else</emphasis> is a filmmaker. He is best known "
 "for his documentaries and has been very successful in spreading his art. He "
@@ -7593,31 +7764,40 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5244
+#: freeculture.xml:5364
 msgid ""
 "Else worked on a documentary that I was involved in. At a break, he told me "
 "a story about the freedom to create with film in America today."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5255 freeculture.xml:5318
+#: freeculture.xml:5368 freeculture.xml:5434
+msgid "Wagner, Richard"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5369 freeculture.xml:5448
 msgid "San Francisco Opera"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5249
+#: freeculture.xml:5371
 msgid ""
 "In 1990, Else was working on a documentary about Wagner's Ring Cycle. The "
 "focus was stagehands at the San Francisco Opera.  Stagehands are a "
 "particularly funny and colorful element of an opera.  During a show, they "
 "hang out below the stage in the grips' lounge and in the lighting loft. They "
-"make a perfect contrast to the art on the stage.  <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"make a perfect contrast to the art on the stage."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5378
+msgid "Simpsons, The"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 107 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5258
+#: freeculture.xml:5380
 msgid ""
 "During one of the performances, Else was shooting some stagehands playing "
 "checkers. In one corner of the room was a television set.  Playing on the "
@@ -7627,8 +7807,13 @@ msgid ""
 "the scene."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5389
+msgid "multiple copyrights associated with"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5267
+#: freeculture.xml:5391
 msgid ""
 "Years later, when he finally got funding to complete the film, Else "
 "attempted to clear the rights for those few seconds of <citetitle>The "
@@ -7639,12 +7824,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5273 freeculture.xml:5281
+#: freeculture.xml:5397
 msgid "Gracie Films"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5398 freeculture.xml:5459 freeculture.xml:5523
+msgid "Groening, Matt"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5275
+#: freeculture.xml:5400
 msgid ""
 "Else called <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> creator Matt Groening's office "
 "to get permission.  Groening approved the shot. The shot was a "
@@ -7653,8 +7843,13 @@ msgid ""
 "told Else to contact Gracie Films, the company that produces the program."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5406 freeculture.xml:5458 freeculture.xml:5522
+msgid "Fox (film company)"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5283
+#: freeculture.xml:5408
 msgid ""
 "Gracie Films was okay with it, too, but they, like Groening, wanted to be "
 "careful. So they told Else to contact Fox, Gracie's parent company.  Else "
@@ -7664,7 +7859,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5290
+#: freeculture.xml:5416
 msgid ""
 "Then, as Else told me, <quote>two things happened. First we discovered "
 "&hellip; that Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation&mdash;or at least "
@@ -7675,12 +7870,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5297
+#: freeculture.xml:5425
 msgid "Herrera, Rebecca"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5299
+#: freeculture.xml:5427
 msgid ""
 "Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he "
 "thought was a vice president for licensing, Rebecca Herrera.  He explained "
@@ -7692,7 +7887,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 108 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5307
+#: freeculture.xml:5436
 msgid ""
 "<quote>I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,</quote> he told "
 "me. <quote>Yes, you have your facts straight,</quote> she said. It would "
@@ -7704,12 +7899,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5319
+#: freeculture.xml:5449
 msgid "Day After Trinity, The"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5321
+#: freeculture.xml:5451
 msgid ""
 "Else didn't have the money to buy the right to replay what was playing on "
 "the television backstage at the San Francisco Opera. To reproduce this "
@@ -7720,7 +7915,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5329
+#: freeculture.xml:5461
 msgid ""
 "There's no doubt that someone, whether Matt Groening or Fox, owns the "
 "copyright to <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>. That copyright is their "
@@ -7734,7 +7929,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5340
+#: freeculture.xml:5472
 msgid ""
 "For example, <quote>public performance</quote> is a use of <citetitle>The "
 "Simpsons</citetitle> that the copyright owner gets to control. If you take a "
@@ -7747,7 +7942,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5352
+#: freeculture.xml:5484
 msgid ""
 "For an excellent argument that such use is <quote>fair use,</quote> but that "
 "lawyers don't permit recognition that it is <quote>fair use,</quote> see "
@@ -7757,7 +7952,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5349
+#: freeculture.xml:5481
 msgid ""
 "But when lawyers hear this story about Jon Else and Fox, their first thought "
 "is <quote>fair use.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's "
@@ -7769,14 +7964,19 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 109 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5364
+#: freeculture.xml:5498
 msgid ""
 "So I asked Else why he didn't just rely upon <quote>fair use.</quote> Here's "
 "his reply:"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5501 freeculture.xml:7828
+msgid "legal intimidation tactics against"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5368
+#: freeculture.xml:5503
 msgid ""
 "The <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> fiasco was for me a great lesson in the "
 "gulf between what lawyers find irrelevant in some abstract sense, and what "
@@ -7786,9 +7986,14 @@ msgid ""
 "rely on the concept in any concrete way. Here's why:"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5512
+msgid "Errors and Omissions insurance"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5378
+#: freeculture.xml:5515
 msgid ""
 "Before our films can be broadcast, the network requires that we buy Errors "
 "and Omissions insurance. The carriers require a detailed <quote>visual cue "
@@ -7798,18 +8003,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5385
-msgid "<citetitle>Star Wars</citetitle>"
+#: freeculture.xml:5524
+msgid "Lucas, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5386
-msgid "Lucas, George"
+#: freeculture.xml:5525
+msgid "<citetitle>Star Wars</citetitle>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5389
+#: freeculture.xml:5528
 msgid ""
 "I probably never should have asked Matt Groening in the first place. But I "
 "knew (at least from folklore) that Fox had a history of tracking down and "
@@ -7825,7 +8030,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  3. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 110 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5401
+#: freeculture.xml:5540
 msgid ""
 "I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law School "
 "&hellip; who confirmed that it was fair use. He also confirmed that Fox "
@@ -7836,14 +8041,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5411
+#: freeculture.xml:5552
 msgid ""
 "The question of fair use usually comes up at the end of the project, when we "
 "are up against a release deadline and out of money."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5418
+#: freeculture.xml:5560
 msgid ""
 "In theory, fair use means you need no permission. The theory therefore "
 "supports free culture and insulates against a permission culture.  But in "
@@ -7854,7 +8059,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5426
+#: freeculture.xml:5568
 msgid ""
 "This practice shows just how far the law has come from its "
 "eighteenth-century roots. The law was born as a shield to protect "
@@ -7863,22 +8068,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5435
+#: freeculture.xml:5583
 msgid "CHAPTER EIGHT: Transformers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5436
+#: freeculture.xml:5584
 msgid "Allen, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5437 freeculture.xml:5497 freeculture.xml:5682 freeculture.xml:10158 freeculture.xml:14496
+#: freeculture.xml:5585 freeculture.xml:5645 freeculture.xml:5830 freeculture.xml:10517 freeculture.xml:14917
 msgid "Alben, Alex"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5440
+#: freeculture.xml:5588
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In 1993</emphasis>, Alex Alben was a lawyer working "
 "at Starwave, Inc.  Starwave was an innovative company founded by Microsoft "
@@ -7888,17 +8093,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5447
+#: freeculture.xml:5595
 msgid "retrospective compilations on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5448
+#: freeculture.xml:5596
 msgid "CD-ROMs, film clips used in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5450
+#: freeculture.xml:5598
 msgid ""
 "Alben had a special interest in new technology. He was intrigued by the "
 "emerging market for CD-ROM technology&mdash;not to distribute film, but to "
@@ -7910,7 +8115,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5460
+#: freeculture.xml:5608
 msgid ""
 "At that time, Eastwood had made more than fifty films, as an actor and as a "
 "director. Alben began with a series of interviews with Eastwood, asking him "
@@ -7920,7 +8125,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 112 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5467
+#: freeculture.xml:5615
 msgid ""
 "That alone would not have made a very interesting product, so Starwave "
 "wanted to add content from the movies in Eastwood's career: posters, "
@@ -7930,7 +8135,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5474
+#: freeculture.xml:5622
 msgid ""
 "Then Alben and his team decided to include actual film clips. <quote>Our "
 "goal was that we were going to have a clip from every one of Eastwood's "
@@ -7941,19 +8146,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5482
+#: freeculture.xml:5630
 msgid ""
 "Alben brought the idea to Michael Slade, the CEO of Starwave.  Slade asked, "
 "<quote>Well, what will it take?</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5496
+#: freeculture.xml:5644
 msgid "publicity rights on images of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5492
+#: freeculture.xml:5640
 msgid ""
 "Technically, the rights that Alben had to clear were mainly those of "
 "publicity&mdash;rights an artist has to control the commercial exploitation "
@@ -7963,7 +8168,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5486
+#: freeculture.xml:5634
 msgid ""
 "Alben replied, <quote>Well, we're going to have to clear rights from "
 "everyone who appears in these films, and the music and everything else that "
@@ -7972,7 +8177,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5501
+#: freeculture.xml:5649
 msgid ""
 "The problem was that neither Alben nor Slade had any idea what clearing "
 "those rights would mean. Every actor in each of the films could have a claim "
@@ -7982,7 +8187,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5508
+#: freeculture.xml:5656
 msgid ""
 "I asked Alben how he dealt with the problem. With an obvious pride in his "
 "resourcefulness that obscured the obvious bizarreness of his tale, Alben "
@@ -7990,7 +8195,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5514
+#: freeculture.xml:5662
 msgid ""
 "So we very mechanically went about looking up the film clips.  We made some "
 "artistic decisions about what film clips to include&mdash;of course we were "
@@ -8002,7 +8207,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 113 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5523
+#: freeculture.xml:5671
 msgid ""
 "We decided that it would be fair if we offered them the dayplayer rate for "
 "the right to reuse that performance. We're talking about a clip of less than "
@@ -8015,12 +8220,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5534
+#: freeculture.xml:5682
 msgid "Sutherland, Donald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5536
+#: freeculture.xml:5684
 msgid ""
 "Some actors were glad to help&mdash;Donald Sutherland, for example, followed "
 "up himself to be sure that the rights had been cleared.  Others were "
@@ -8033,14 +8238,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5547
+#: freeculture.xml:5695
 msgid ""
 "It was one <emphasis>year</emphasis> later&mdash;<quote>and even then we "
 "weren't sure whether we were totally in the clear.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5551
+#: freeculture.xml:5699
 msgid ""
 "Alben is proud of his work. The project was the first of its kind and the "
 "only time he knew of that a team had undertaken such a massive project for "
@@ -8048,7 +8253,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5557
+#: freeculture.xml:5705
 msgid ""
 "Everyone thought it would be too hard. Everyone just threw up their hands "
 "and said, <quote>Oh, my gosh, a film, it's so many copyrights, there's the "
@@ -8061,20 +8266,20 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 114 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5569
+#: freeculture.xml:5717
 msgid ""
 "And no doubt, the product itself was exceptionally good. Eastwood loved it, "
 "and it sold very well."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5572
+#: freeculture.xml:5720
 msgid "Drucker, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5580
+#: freeculture.xml:5728
 msgid ""
 "U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Acquisition Management, "
 "<citetitle>Seven Steps to Performance-Based Services "
@@ -8083,7 +8288,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5574
+#: freeculture.xml:5722
 msgid ""
 "But I pressed Alben about how weird it seems that it would have to take a "
 "year's work simply to clear rights. No doubt Alben had done this "
@@ -8094,7 +8299,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5588
+#: freeculture.xml:5736
 msgid ""
 "For, as he acknowledged, <quote>very few &hellip; have the time and "
 "resources, and the will to do this,</quote> and thus, very few such works "
@@ -8104,7 +8309,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5596
+#: freeculture.xml:5744
 msgid ""
 "I don't think so. When an actor renders a performance in a movie, he or she "
 "gets paid very well. &hellip; And then when 30 seconds of that performance "
@@ -8113,7 +8318,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5604
+#: freeculture.xml:5752
 msgid ""
 "Or at least, is this <emphasis>how</emphasis> the artist should be "
 "compensated? Would it make sense, I asked, for there to be some kind of "
@@ -8126,7 +8331,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 115 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5615
+#: freeculture.xml:5763
 msgid ""
 "Absolutely. I think that if there were some fair-licensing "
 "mechanism&mdash;where you weren't subject to hold-ups and you weren't "
@@ -8147,7 +8352,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5635
+#: freeculture.xml:5783
 msgid ""
 "Alben worked for a big company. His company was backed by some of the "
 "richest investors in the world. He therefore had authority and access that "
@@ -8157,7 +8362,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5644
+#: freeculture.xml:5792
 msgid ""
 "These costs are the burdens of a kind of regulation. Put on a Republican hat "
 "for a moment, and get angry for a bit. The government defines the scope of "
@@ -8172,7 +8377,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 116 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5657
+#: freeculture.xml:5805
 msgid ""
 "I've seen the flash of recognition when people get this point, but only a "
 "few times. The first was at a conference of federal judges in California.  "
@@ -8183,7 +8388,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5667
+#: freeculture.xml:5815
 msgid ""
 "The video was a brilliant collage of film from every period in the twentieth "
 "century, all framed around the idea of a <citetitle>60 Minutes</citetitle> "
@@ -8192,12 +8397,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5672
+#: freeculture.xml:5820
 msgid "Nimmer, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5674
+#: freeculture.xml:5822
 msgid ""
 "When the lights came up, I looked over to my copanelist, David Nimmer, "
 "perhaps the leading copyright scholar and practitioner in the nation. He had "
@@ -8208,12 +8413,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5681
+#: freeculture.xml:5829
 msgid "Boies, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5684
+#: freeculture.xml:5832
 msgid ""
 "For of course, the two brilliantly talented creators who made this film "
 "hadn't done what Alben did. They hadn't spent a year clearing the rights to "
@@ -8230,7 +8435,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5699
+#: freeculture.xml:5847
 msgid ""
 "We live in a <quote>cut and paste</quote> culture enabled by "
 "technology. Anyone building a presentation knows the extraordinary freedom "
@@ -8240,13 +8445,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5705
+#: freeculture.xml:5853
 msgid "Camp Chaos"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 117 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5707
+#: freeculture.xml:5855
 msgid ""
 "But presentations are just a tiny beginning. Using the Internet and its "
 "archives, musicians are able to string together mixes of sound never before "
@@ -8259,7 +8464,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5718
+#: freeculture.xml:5866
 msgid ""
 "All of these creations are technically illegal. Even if the creators wanted "
 "to be <quote>legal,</quote> the cost of complying with the law is impossibly "
@@ -8269,7 +8474,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5725
+#: freeculture.xml:5873
 msgid ""
 "To some, these stories suggest a solution: Let's alter the mix of rights so "
 "that people are free to build upon our culture. Free to add or mix as they "
@@ -8286,7 +8491,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5740
+#: freeculture.xml:5888
 msgid ""
 "Who could possibly object to this? And what reason would there be for "
 "objecting? We're talking about work that is not now being made; which if "
@@ -8296,7 +8501,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 118 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5746
+#: freeculture.xml:5894
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In February 2003</emphasis>, DreamWorks studios "
 "announced an agreement with Mike Myers, the comic genius of "
@@ -8310,7 +8515,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5759
+#: freeculture.xml:5907
 msgid ""
 "The announcement called this <quote>film sampling.</quote> As Myers "
 "explained, <quote>Film Sampling is an exciting way to put an original spin "
@@ -8322,7 +8527,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5768
+#: freeculture.xml:5916
 msgid ""
 "Spielberg is right. Film sampling by Myers will be brilliant. But if you "
 "don't think about it, you might miss the truly astonishing point about this "
@@ -8335,7 +8540,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5778
+#: freeculture.xml:5926
 msgid ""
 "This privilege becomes reserved for two sorts of reasons. The first "
 "continues the story of the last chapter: the vagueness of <quote>fair "
@@ -8351,22 +8556,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5793
+#: freeculture.xml:5941
 msgid "CHAPTER NINE: Collectors"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5794 freeculture.xml:8952 freeculture.xml:11177 freeculture.xml:11422
+#: freeculture.xml:5942 freeculture.xml:9267 freeculture.xml:11548 freeculture.xml:11793
 msgid "archives, digital"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5795 freeculture.xml:8251
+#: freeculture.xml:5943 freeculture.xml:8566
 msgid "bots"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5797
+#: freeculture.xml:5945
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In April 1996</emphasis>, millions of "
 "<quote>bots</quote>&mdash;computer codes designed to <quote>spider,</quote> "
@@ -8379,12 +8584,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5807 freeculture.xml:5838 freeculture.xml:5900
+#: freeculture.xml:5955 freeculture.xml:5986 freeculture.xml:6048
 msgid "Way Back Machine"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5809
+#: freeculture.xml:5957
 msgid ""
 "By October 2001, the bots had collected more than five years of copies. And "
 "at a small announcement in Berkeley, California, the archive that these "
@@ -8395,12 +8600,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5816
+#: freeculture.xml:5964
 msgid "Orwell, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5818
+#: freeculture.xml:5966
 msgid ""
 "This is the thing about the Internet that Orwell would have appreciated.  In "
 "the dystopia described in <citetitle>1984</citetitle>, old newspapers were "
@@ -8410,7 +8615,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 120 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5826
+#: freeculture.xml:5974
 msgid ""
 "Thousands of workers constantly reedited the past, meaning there was no way "
 "ever to know whether the story you were reading today was the story that was "
@@ -8418,7 +8623,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5831
+#: freeculture.xml:5979
 msgid ""
 "It's the same with the Internet. If you go to a Web page today, there's no "
 "way for you to know whether the content you are reading is the same as the "
@@ -8428,12 +8633,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5847
+#: freeculture.xml:5995
 msgid "White House press releases"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5846
+#: freeculture.xml:5994
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> The temptations remain, however. Brewster Kahle reports that the "
@@ -8444,7 +8649,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5840
+#: freeculture.xml:5988
 msgid ""
 "Until the Way Back Machine, at least. With the Way Back Machine, and the "
 "Internet Archive underlying it, you can see what the Internet was. You have "
@@ -8454,12 +8659,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5855
+#: freeculture.xml:6003
 msgid "history, records of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5857
+#: freeculture.xml:6005
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>We take it</emphasis> for granted that we can go "
 "back to see what we remember reading. Think about newspapers. If you wanted "
@@ -8472,7 +8677,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5868
+#: freeculture.xml:6016
 msgid ""
 "It is said that those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat "
 "it. That's not quite correct. We <emphasis>all</emphasis> forget "
@@ -8485,7 +8690,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 121 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5877
+#: freeculture.xml:6025
 msgid ""
 "The Internet was an exception to this presumption. Until the Internet "
 "Archive, there was no way to go back. The Internet was the quintessentially "
@@ -8497,7 +8702,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5888
+#: freeculture.xml:6036
 msgid ""
 "Brewster Kahle is the founder of the Internet Archive. He was a very "
 "successful Internet entrepreneur after he was a successful computer "
@@ -8509,33 +8714,33 @@ msgid ""
 "was growing at about a billion pages a month."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5897 freeculture.xml:5952
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6045 freeculture.xml:6100 freeculture.xml:10502
 msgid "Library of Congress"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5898
+#: freeculture.xml:6046
 msgid "Television Archive"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5899
+#: freeculture.xml:6047
 msgid "Vanderbilt University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5901 freeculture.xml:13811
+#: freeculture.xml:6049 freeculture.xml:14099 freeculture.xml:14229 freeculture.xml:14265
 msgid "libraries"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5901
+#: freeculture.xml:6049
 msgid "archival function of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5904
+#: freeculture.xml:6052
 msgid ""
 "The Way Back Machine is the largest archive of human knowledge in human "
 "history. At the end of 2002, it held <quote>two hundred and thirty terabytes "
@@ -8555,18 +8760,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5921
+#: freeculture.xml:6069
 msgid "Quayle, Dan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5922
+#: freeculture.xml:6070
 msgid "60 Minutes"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 122 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5924
+#: freeculture.xml:6072
 msgid ""
 "Do you remember when Dan Quayle was interacting with Murphy Brown? Remember "
 "that back and forth surreal experience of a politician interacting with a "
@@ -8578,17 +8783,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5935
+#: freeculture.xml:6083
 msgid "newspapers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5935
+#: freeculture.xml:6083
 msgid "archives of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5937
+#: freeculture.xml:6085
 msgid ""
 "Why is that? Why is it that the part of our culture that is recorded in "
 "newspapers remains perpetually accessible, while the part that is recorded "
@@ -8599,7 +8804,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5945
+#: freeculture.xml:6093
 msgid ""
 "In part, this is because of the law. Early in American copyright law, "
 "copyright owners were required to deposit copies of their work in "
@@ -8609,13 +8814,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5953 freeculture.xml:5997
+#: freeculture.xml:6101 freeculture.xml:6145
 msgid "archive of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5964
+#: freeculture.xml:6112
 msgid ""
 "Doug Herrick, <quote>Toward a National Film Collection: Motion Pictures at "
 "the Library of Congress,</quote> <citetitle>Film Library "
@@ -8625,7 +8830,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5955
+#: freeculture.xml:6103
 msgid ""
 "These rules applied to film as well. But in 1915, the Library of Congress "
 "made an exception for film. Film could be copyrighted so long as such "
@@ -8638,7 +8843,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5972
+#: freeculture.xml:6120
 msgid ""
 "The same is generally true about television. Television broadcasts were "
 "originally not copyrighted&mdash;there was no way to capture the broadcasts, "
@@ -8653,7 +8858,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 123 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5984
+#: freeculture.xml:6132
 msgid ""
 "Kahle was eager to correct this. Before September 11, 2001, he and his "
 "allies had started capturing television. They selected twenty stations from "
@@ -8665,37 +8870,37 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5994
+#: freeculture.xml:6142
 msgid "Movie Archive"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5995
+#: freeculture.xml:6143
 msgid "archive.org"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5995 freeculture.xml:5998
+#: freeculture.xml:6143 freeculture.xml:6146
 msgid "Internet Archive"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5999
+#: freeculture.xml:6147
 msgid "Duck and Cover film"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6000
+#: freeculture.xml:6148
 msgid "ephemeral films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6001
+#: freeculture.xml:6149
 msgid "Prelinger, Rick"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6003
+#: freeculture.xml:6151
 msgid ""
 "Kahle had the same idea with film. Working with Rick Prelinger, whose "
 "archive of film includes close to 45,000 <quote>ephemeral films</quote> "
@@ -8715,7 +8920,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6021
+#: freeculture.xml:6169
 msgid ""
 "Here again, Kahle is providing access to a part of our culture that we "
 "otherwise could not get easily, if at all. It is yet another part of what "
@@ -8725,7 +8930,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6029
+#: freeculture.xml:6177
 msgid ""
 "The key here is access, not price. Kahle wants to enable free access to this "
 "content, but he also wants to enable others to sell access to it. His aim is "
@@ -8736,7 +8941,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 124 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6037
+#: freeculture.xml:6185
 msgid ""
 "For here is an idea that we should more clearly recognize. Every bit of "
 "creative property goes through different <quote>lives.</quote> In its first "
@@ -8748,7 +8953,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6049
+#: freeculture.xml:6197
 msgid ""
 "After the commercial life of creative property has ended, our tradition has "
 "always supported a second life as well. A newspaper delivers the news every "
@@ -8759,7 +8964,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6062
+#: freeculture.xml:6210
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Dave Barns, <quote>Fledgling "
 "Career in Antique Books: Woodstock Landlord, Bar Owner Starts a New Chapter "
@@ -8771,7 +8976,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6059
+#: freeculture.xml:6207
 msgid ""
 "The same has always been true about books. A book goes out of print very "
 "quickly (the average today is after about a year<placeholder "
@@ -8783,7 +8988,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6077
+#: freeculture.xml:6225
 msgid ""
 "Yet increasingly, any assumption about a stable second life for creative "
 "property does not hold true with the most important components of popular "
@@ -8797,7 +9002,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 125 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6088
+#: freeculture.xml:6236
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>For most of</emphasis> the twentieth century, it was "
 "economics that made this so. It would have been insanely expensive to "
@@ -8810,7 +9015,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6100
+#: freeculture.xml:6248
 msgid ""
 "Perhaps the single most important feature of the digital revolution is that "
 "for the first time since the Library of Alexandria, it is feasible to "
@@ -8821,7 +9026,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6108
+#: freeculture.xml:6256
 msgid ""
 "The scale of this potential archive is something we've never imagined "
 "before. The Brewster Kahles of our history have dreamed about it; but we are "
@@ -8830,12 +9035,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6114
+#: freeculture.xml:6262
 msgid "total number of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6116
+#: freeculture.xml:6264
 msgid ""
 "It looks like there's about two to three million recordings of music.  "
 "Ever. There are about a hundred thousand theatrical releases of movies, "
@@ -8852,7 +9057,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 126 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6131
+#: freeculture.xml:6279
 msgid ""
 "Kahle is not the only librarian. The Internet Archive is not the only "
 "archive. But Kahle and the Internet Archive suggest what the future of "
@@ -8868,7 +9073,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6146
+#: freeculture.xml:6294
 msgid ""
 "Technologists have thus removed the economic costs of building such an "
 "archive. But lawyers' costs remain. For as much as we might like to call "
@@ -8880,22 +9085,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6157
+#: freeculture.xml:6305
 msgid "CHAPTER TEN: <quote>Property</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6158
+#: freeculture.xml:6306
 msgid "Johnson, Lyndon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6159 freeculture.xml:9914
+#: freeculture.xml:6307 freeculture.xml:10261
 msgid "Kennedy, John F."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6161
+#: freeculture.xml:6309
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Jack Valenti</emphasis> has been the president of "
 "the Motion Picture Association of America since 1966. He first came to "
@@ -8907,37 +9112,37 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6171
+#: freeculture.xml:6319
 msgid "Sony Pictures Entertainment"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6172
+#: freeculture.xml:6320
 msgid "MGM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6173
+#: freeculture.xml:6321
 msgid "Paramount Pictures"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6174
+#: freeculture.xml:6322
 msgid "Twentieth Century Fox"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6175
+#: freeculture.xml:6323
 msgid "Universal Pictures"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6176 freeculture.xml:7622 freeculture.xml:7793
+#: freeculture.xml:6324 freeculture.xml:7937 freeculture.xml:8108
 msgid "Warner Brothers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6178
+#: freeculture.xml:6326
 msgid ""
 "The MPAA is the American branch of the international Motion Picture "
 "Association. It was formed in 1922 as a trade association whose goal was to "
@@ -8952,7 +9157,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 128 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6191
+#: freeculture.xml:6339
 msgid ""
 "Valenti is only the third president of the MPAA. No president before him has "
 "had as much influence over that organization, or over Washington. As a "
@@ -8966,7 +9171,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6203
+#: freeculture.xml:6351
 msgid ""
 "In defending artistic liberty and the freedom of speech that our culture "
 "depends upon, the MPAA has done important good. In crafting the MPAA rating "
@@ -8978,13 +9183,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6212
+#: freeculture.xml:6360
 msgid "In 1982, Valenti's testimony to Congress captured the strategy perfectly:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6226
+#: freeculture.xml:6374
 msgid ""
 "Home Recording of Copyrighted Works: Hearings on H.R. 4783, H.R.  4794, "
 "H.R. 4808, H.R. 5250, H.R. 5488, and H.R. 5705 Before the Subcommittee on "
@@ -8994,7 +9199,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6217
+#: freeculture.xml:6365
 msgid ""
 "No matter the lengthy arguments made, no matter the charges and the "
 "counter-charges, no matter the tumult and the shouting, reasonable men and "
@@ -9008,7 +9213,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 129 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6236
+#: freeculture.xml:6384
 msgid ""
 "The strategy of this rhetoric, like the strategy of most of Valenti's "
 "rhetoric, is brilliant and simple and brilliant because simple. The "
@@ -9020,7 +9225,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6247
+#: freeculture.xml:6395
 msgid ""
 "This claim has an obvious and powerful intuitive pull. It is stated with "
 "such clarity as to make the idea as obvious as the notion that we use "
@@ -9036,7 +9241,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6262
+#: freeculture.xml:6410
 msgid ""
 "Lawyers speak of <quote>property</quote> not as an absolute thing, but as a "
 "bundle of rights that are sometimes associated with a particular "
@@ -9049,7 +9254,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6259
+#: freeculture.xml:6407
 msgid ""
 "While <quote>creative property</quote> is certainly <quote>property</quote> "
 "in a nerdy and precise sense that lawyers are trained to "
@@ -9062,7 +9267,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6277
+#: freeculture.xml:6425
 msgid ""
 "Valenti knows this. But he speaks for an industry that cares squat for our "
 "tradition and the values it represents. He speaks for an industry that is "
@@ -9073,7 +9278,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 130 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6285
+#: freeculture.xml:6433
 msgid ""
 "I have two purposes in this chapter. The first is to convince you that, "
 "historically, Valenti's claim is absolutely wrong. The second is to convince "
@@ -9087,7 +9292,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6300
+#: freeculture.xml:6448
 msgid ""
 "Organizations such as the MPAA, whose board includes the most powerful of "
 "the old guard, have little interest, their rhetoric notwithstanding, in "
@@ -9099,7 +9304,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6309
+#: freeculture.xml:6457
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>To get</emphasis> just a hint that there is "
 "something fundamentally wrong in Valenti's argument, we need look no further "
@@ -9107,7 +9312,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6314
+#: freeculture.xml:6462
 msgid ""
 "The framers of our Constitution loved <quote>property.</quote> Indeed, so "
 "strongly did they love property that they built into the Constitution an "
@@ -9122,7 +9327,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 131 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6325
+#: freeculture.xml:6473
 msgid ""
 "Yet the very same Constitution speaks very differently about what Valenti "
 "calls <quote>creative property.</quote> In the clause granting Congress the "
@@ -9139,7 +9344,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6340
+#: freeculture.xml:6488
 msgid ""
 "The Constitution thus on its face states that these two forms of property "
 "are not to be accorded the same rights. They are plainly to be treated "
@@ -9150,7 +9355,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6350
+#: freeculture.xml:6498
 msgid ""
 "Arguing for a change in our Constitution is not necessarily wrong.  There "
 "was much in our original Constitution that was plainly wrong.  The "
@@ -9164,7 +9369,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6362
+#: freeculture.xml:6510
 msgid ""
 "Instead, my argument is that because Jefferson did it, we should at least "
 "try to understand <emphasis>why</emphasis>. Why did the framers, fanatical "
@@ -9174,7 +9379,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6372
+#: freeculture.xml:6520
 msgid ""
 "To answer this question, we need to get some perspective on the history of "
 "these <quote>creative property</quote> rights, and the control that they "
@@ -9188,9 +9393,34 @@ msgid ""
 "artists get paid need also control how culture develops."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6532
+msgid "four modalities of constraint on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6533 freeculture.xml:6789 freeculture.xml:9839 freeculture.xml:9954
+msgid "regulation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6533
+msgid "four modalities of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6534
+msgid "as ex post regulation modality"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6535 freeculture.xml:6611 freeculture.xml:6744
+msgid "as constraint modality"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 132 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6387
+#: freeculture.xml:6539
 msgid ""
 "To answer these questions, we need a more general way to talk about how "
 "property is protected. More precisely, we need a more general way than the "
@@ -9202,19 +9432,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6396
+#: freeculture.xml:6548
 msgid ""
 "How four different modalities of regulation interact to support or weaken "
 "the right or regulation."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6397 freeculture.xml:6581 freeculture.xml:6888
+#: freeculture.xml:6549 freeculture.xml:6741 freeculture.xml:7109
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1331.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6400
+#: freeculture.xml:6553
 msgid ""
 "At the center of this picture is a regulated dot: the individual or group "
 "that is the target of regulation, or the holder of a right. (In each case "
@@ -9231,12 +9461,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6416 freeculture.xml:6475 freeculture.xml:6584
+#: freeculture.xml:6569 freeculture.xml:6631 freeculture.xml:6745
 msgid "norms, regulatory influence of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6418
+#: freeculture.xml:6571
 msgid ""
 "Norms are a different kind of constraint. They, too, punish an individual "
 "for violating a rule. But the punishment of a norm is imposed by a "
@@ -9249,12 +9479,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6428 freeculture.xml:6474 freeculture.xml:6564 freeculture.xml:6583 freeculture.xml:9539 freeculture.xml:9738
+#: freeculture.xml:6581 freeculture.xml:6630 freeculture.xml:6722 freeculture.xml:6761 freeculture.xml:9848 freeculture.xml:10080
 msgid "market constraints"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6430
+#: freeculture.xml:6583
 msgid ""
 "The market is a third type of constraint. Its constraint is effected through "
 "conditions: You can do X if you pay Y; you'll be paid M if you do N. These "
@@ -9265,13 +9495,13 @@ msgid ""
 "simultaneous constraint upon how an individual or group might behave."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6439 freeculture.xml:6473 freeculture.xml:6522 freeculture.xml:6563
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6592 freeculture.xml:6629 freeculture.xml:6680 freeculture.xml:6721 freeculture.xml:6743
 msgid "architecture, constraint effected through"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6441
+#: freeculture.xml:6594
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and for the moment, perhaps, most mysteriously, "
 "<quote>architecture</quote>&mdash;the physical world as one finds "
@@ -9290,7 +9520,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 134 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6458
+#: freeculture.xml:6615
 msgid ""
 "So the first point about these four modalities of regulation is obvious: "
 "They interact. Restrictions imposed by one might be reinforced by "
@@ -9298,7 +9528,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6464
+#: freeculture.xml:6621
 msgid ""
 "The second point follows directly: If we want to understand the effective "
 "freedom that anyone has at a given moment to do any particular thing, we "
@@ -9310,12 +9540,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6472
+#: freeculture.xml:6632
 msgid "driving speed, constraints on"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6633
+msgid "speeding, constraints on"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6477
+#: freeculture.xml:6635
 msgid ""
 "So, for example, consider the <quote>freedom</quote> to drive a car at a "
 "high speed. That freedom is in part restricted by laws: speed limits that "
@@ -9332,7 +9567,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6495
+#: freeculture.xml:6653
 msgid ""
 "By describing the way law affects the other three modalities, I don't mean "
 "to suggest that the other three don't affect law. Obviously, they do. Law's "
@@ -9346,7 +9581,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 135 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6491
+#: freeculture.xml:6649
 msgid ""
 "The final point about this simple model should also be fairly clear: While "
 "these four modalities are analytically independent, law has a special role "
@@ -9363,27 +9598,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6519
+#: freeculture.xml:6677
 msgid "Law has a special role in affecting the three."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6520
+#: freeculture.xml:6678
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1361.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6561
+#: freeculture.xml:6719
 msgid "Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6562
+#: freeculture.xml:6720
 msgid "Commons, John R."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6532
+#: freeculture.xml:6690
 msgid ""
 "Some people object to this way of talking about <quote>liberty.</quote> They "
 "object because their focus when considering the constraints that exist at "
@@ -9418,7 +9653,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6524
+#: freeculture.xml:6682
 msgid ""
 "These constraints can thus change, and they can be changed. To understand "
 "the effective protection of liberty or protection of property at any "
@@ -9429,12 +9664,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6568
+#: freeculture.xml:6727
 msgid "Why Hollywood Is Right"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6728 freeculture.xml:7099
+msgid "four regulatory modalities on"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6570
+#: freeculture.xml:6730
 msgid ""
 "The most obvious point that this model reveals is just why, or just how, "
 "Hollywood is right. The copyright warriors have rallied Congress and the "
@@ -9443,18 +9683,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6576
+#: freeculture.xml:6736
 msgid "Let's say this is the picture of copyright's regulation before the Internet:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6580 freeculture.xml:6887
+#: freeculture.xml:6740 freeculture.xml:7108
 msgid "Copyright's regulation before the Internet."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 136 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6587
+#: freeculture.xml:6748
 msgid ""
 "There is balance between law, norms, market, and architecture. The law "
 "limits the ability to copy and share content, by imposing penalties on those "
@@ -9467,8 +9707,23 @@ msgid ""
 "this form of infringement."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6759
+msgid "copyright regulatory balance lost with"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6760
+msgid "regulatory balance lost in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6762
+msgid "MP3s"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6599
+#: freeculture.xml:6764
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet, or, more precisely, technologies such as MP3s and p2p "
 "sharing. Now the constraint of architecture changes dramatically, as does "
@@ -9478,9 +9733,19 @@ msgid ""
 "of anarchy after the Internet."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6773 freeculture.xml:7616 freeculture.xml:7926
+msgid "technology"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6773
+msgid "established industries threatened by changes in"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 137 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6607
+#: freeculture.xml:6775
 msgid ""
 "Thus the sense of, and justification for, the warriors' response.  "
 "Technology has changed, the warriors say, and the effect of this change, "
@@ -9491,17 +9756,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6617
+#: freeculture.xml:6785
 msgid "effective state of anarchy after the Internet."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6618
+#: freeculture.xml:6786
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1381.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6788
+msgid "Commerce, U.S. Department of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6789 freeculture.xml:9839
+msgid "as establishment protectionism"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6621
+#: freeculture.xml:6791
 msgid ""
 "Neither this analysis nor the conclusions that follow are new to the "
 "warriors. Indeed, in a <quote>White Paper</quote> prepared by the Commerce "
@@ -9515,13 +9790,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6632
+#: freeculture.xml:6804 freeculture.xml:6944
+msgid "farming"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6805
 msgid "steel industry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 138 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6634
+#: freeculture.xml:6807
 msgid ""
 "This mixed strategy is just what copyright needed&mdash;if it was to "
 "preserve the particular balance that existed before the change induced by "
@@ -9538,7 +9818,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6651
+#: freeculture.xml:6827
 msgid ""
 "Thus, there's nothing wrong or surprising in the content industry's campaign "
 "to protect itself from the harmful consequences of a technological "
@@ -9549,13 +9829,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6658
+#: freeculture.xml:6840
 msgid "railroad industry"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6841
+msgid "remote channel changers"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f5 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6670
+#: freeculture.xml:6851
 msgid ""
 "See Geoffrey Smith, <quote>Film vs. Digital: Can Kodak Build a "
 "Bridge?</quote> BusinessWeek online, 2 August 1999, available at <ulink "
@@ -9567,7 +9852,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6662
+#: freeculture.xml:6843
 msgid ""
 "But just because a particular interest asks for government support, it "
 "doesn't follow that support should be granted. And just because technology "
@@ -9588,26 +9873,36 @@ msgid ""
 "second, or to switch to only ten channels within an hour?)"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6872
+msgid "free market, technological changes in"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6691 freeculture.xml:15072
+#: freeculture.xml:6873 freeculture.xml:15493
 msgid "Brezhnev, Leonid"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6692 freeculture.xml:13297
+#: freeculture.xml:6876 freeculture.xml:13693
 msgid "Gates, Bill"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6877 freeculture.xml:7891
+msgid "market competition"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f6 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6704
+#: freeculture.xml:6890
 msgid ""
 "Fred Warshofsky, <citetitle>The Patent Wars</citetitle> (New York: Wiley, "
 "1994), 170&ndash;71."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6694
+#: freeculture.xml:6880
 msgid ""
 "The obvious answer to these obviously rhetorical questions is no.  In a free "
 "society, with a free market, supported by free enterprise and free trade, "
@@ -9625,7 +9920,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6715
+#: freeculture.xml:6901
 msgid ""
 "Thus, while it is understandable for industries threatened with new "
 "technologies that change the way they do business to look to the government "
@@ -9636,8 +9931,18 @@ msgid ""
 "preserve the incentives and opportunities for innovation and change."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6912
+msgid "speech, freedom of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6912
+msgid "constitutional guarantee of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6725
+#: freeculture.xml:6914
 msgid ""
 "In the context of laws regulating speech&mdash;which include, obviously, "
 "copyright law&mdash;that duty is even stronger. When the industry "
@@ -9654,7 +9959,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 140 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6739
+#: freeculture.xml:6930
 msgid ""
 "My argument just now, however, has nothing to do with whether the changes "
 "that are being pushed by the copyright warriors are "
@@ -9665,22 +9970,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6748
+#: freeculture.xml:6939
 msgid "Here's the metaphor that will capture the argument to follow."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6750
+#: freeculture.xml:6941
+msgid "Müller, Paul Hermann"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6942
 msgid "DDT"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6751
-msgid "Müller, Paul Hermann"
+#: freeculture.xml:6943
+msgid "insecticide, environmental consequences of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6753
+#: freeculture.xml:6946
 msgid ""
 "In 1873, the chemical DDT was first synthesized. In 1948, Swiss chemist Paul "
 "Hermann Müller won the Nobel Prize for his work demonstrating the "
@@ -9690,7 +10000,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6760
+#: freeculture.xml:6953
 msgid ""
 "No one doubts that killing disease-carrying pests or increasing crop "
 "production is a good thing. No one doubts that the work of Müller was "
@@ -9698,17 +10008,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6764
+#: freeculture.xml:6957
 msgid "Carson, Rachel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6765
-msgid "Silent Sprint (Carson)"
+#: freeculture.xml:6958
+msgid "Silent Spring (Carson)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6959
+msgid "environmentalism"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6767
+#: freeculture.xml:6961
 msgid ""
 "But in 1962, Rachel Carson published <citetitle>Silent Spring</citetitle>, "
 "which argued that DDT, whatever its primary benefits, was also having "
@@ -9717,7 +10032,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6773
+#: freeculture.xml:6967
 msgid ""
 "No one set out to destroy the environment. Paul Müller certainly did not aim "
 "to harm any birds. But the effort to solve one set of problems produced "
@@ -9729,13 +10044,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6781
+#: freeculture.xml:6976
 msgid "Boyle, James"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6977
+msgid "innovative freedom balanced with fair compensation in"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f7 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6787
+#: freeculture.xml:6983
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, James Boyle, <quote>A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
 "Environmentalism for the Net?</quote> <citetitle>Duke Law "
@@ -9744,7 +10064,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 141 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6783
+#: freeculture.xml:6979
 msgid ""
 "It is to this image precisely that Duke University law professor James Boyle "
 "appeals when he argues that we need an <quote>environmentalism</quote> for "
@@ -9762,7 +10082,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6804
+#: freeculture.xml:7001
 msgid ""
 "My argument, in the balance of this chapter, tries to map exactly this "
 "effect. No doubt the technology of the Internet has had a dramatic effect on "
@@ -9776,19 +10096,49 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6815
+#: freeculture.xml:7013
 msgid ""
 "In a line: To kill a gnat, we are spraying DDT with consequences for free "
 "culture that will be far more devastating than that this gnat will be lost."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6822
+#: freeculture.xml:7022
 msgid "Beginnings"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7023
+msgid "on creative property"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7024 freeculture.xml:11458
+msgid "copyright purpose established in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7025
+msgid "Progress Clause of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7026 freeculture.xml:11459
+msgid "constitutional purpose of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7028
+msgid "constitutional tradition on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7029
+msgid "Progress Clause"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6824
+#: freeculture.xml:7032
 msgid ""
 "America copied English copyright law. Actually, we copied and improved "
 "English copyright law. Our Constitution makes the purpose of <quote>creative "
@@ -9796,8 +10146,13 @@ msgid ""
 "aim to avoid overly powerful publishers."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7037
+msgid "in constitutional Progress Clause"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6830
+#: freeculture.xml:7039
 msgid ""
 "The power to establish <quote>creative property</quote> rights is granted to "
 "Congress in a way that, for our Constitution, at least, is very odd. Article "
@@ -9806,7 +10161,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 142 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6835
+#: freeculture.xml:7044
 msgid ""
 "Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, "
 "by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right "
@@ -9819,8 +10174,13 @@ msgid ""
 "purpose of rewarding authors."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7058
+msgid "history of American"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6848
+#: freeculture.xml:7060
 msgid ""
 "The Progress Clause expressly limits the term of copyrights. As we saw in "
 "chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"founders\"/>, the "
@@ -9832,8 +10192,23 @@ msgid ""
 "Authors</quote> only."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7069
+msgid "Senate, U.S."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7070
+msgid "structural checks and balances of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7071
+msgid "electoral college"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6858
+#: freeculture.xml:7073
 msgid ""
 "The design of the Progress Clause reflects something about the "
 "Constitution's design in general. To avoid a problem, the framers built "
@@ -9850,7 +10225,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6873
+#: freeculture.xml:7090
 msgid ""
 "I doubt the framers would recognize the regulation we call "
 "<quote>copyright</quote> today. The scope of that regulation is far beyond "
@@ -9861,7 +10236,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 143 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6880
+#: freeculture.xml:7101
 msgid ""
 "Some of these changes come from the law: some in light of changes in "
 "technology, and some in light of changes in technology given a particular "
@@ -9869,38 +10244,53 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6891
+#: freeculture.xml:7112
 msgid "We will end here:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6894
+#: freeculture.xml:7115
 msgid "<quote>Copyright</quote> today."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6895
+#: freeculture.xml:7116
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1442.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 144 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6898
+#: freeculture.xml:7119
 msgid "Let me explain how."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6903
+#: freeculture.xml:7124
 msgid "Law: Duration"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7127 freeculture.xml:7419
+msgid "Copyright Act (1790)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7128
+msgid "common law protections of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7129
+msgid "balance of U.S. content in"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6919
+#: freeculture.xml:7145
 msgid "Crosskey, William W."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6913
+#: freeculture.xml:7139
 msgid ""
 "William W. Crosskey, <citetitle>Politics and the Constitution in the History "
 "of the United States</citetitle> (London: Cambridge University Press, 1953), "
@@ -9911,7 +10301,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6905
+#: freeculture.xml:7131
 msgid ""
 "When the first Congress enacted laws to protect creative property, it faced "
 "the same uncertainty about the status of creative property that the English "
@@ -9926,8 +10316,13 @@ msgid ""
 "to reprint and distribute works."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7155
+msgid "federal vs. state"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6930
+#: freeculture.xml:7157
 msgid ""
 "That uncertainty ended after Congress passed legislation granting "
 "copyrights. Because federal law overrides any contrary state law, federal "
@@ -9938,7 +10333,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6938
+#: freeculture.xml:7166
 msgid ""
 "In 1790, Congress enacted the first copyright law. It created a federal "
 "copyright and secured that copyright for fourteen years. If the author was "
@@ -9949,7 +10344,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6953
+#: freeculture.xml:7182
 msgid ""
 "Although 13,000 titles were published in the United States from 1790 to "
 "1799, only 556 copyright registrations were filed; John Tebbel, <citetitle>A "
@@ -9968,7 +10363,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6945
+#: freeculture.xml:7174
 msgid ""
 "While there were many works created in the United States in the first ten "
 "years of the Republic, only 5 percent of the works were actually registered "
@@ -9981,7 +10376,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 145 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6969
+#: freeculture.xml:7200
 msgid ""
 "This system of renewal was a crucial part of the American system of "
 "copyright. It assured that the maximum terms of copyright would be granted "
@@ -9992,7 +10387,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6984
+#: freeculture.xml:7215
 msgid ""
 "Few copyright holders ever chose to renew their copyrights. For instance, of "
 "the 25,006 copyrights registered in 1883, only 894 were renewed in 1910. For "
@@ -10006,7 +10401,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6978
+#: freeculture.xml:7209
 msgid ""
 "Fourteen years may not seem long to us, but for the vast majority of "
 "copyright owners at that time, it was long enough: Only a small minority of "
@@ -10017,12 +10412,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7001
+#: freeculture.xml:7233
 msgid "See Ringer, ch. 9, n. 2."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6997
+#: freeculture.xml:7229
 msgid ""
 "Even today, this structure would make sense. Most creative work has an "
 "actual commercial life of just a couple of years. Most books fall out of "
@@ -10034,8 +10429,18 @@ msgid ""
 "publication&mdash;is effectively free."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7241
+msgid "copyright terms extended by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7242
+msgid "term extensions in"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7009
+#: freeculture.xml:7244
 msgid ""
 "In the first hundred years of the Republic, the term of copyright was "
 "changed once. In 1831, the term was increased from a maximum of 28 years to "
@@ -10045,8 +10450,18 @@ msgid ""
 "setting a maximum term of 56 years."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7251 freeculture.xml:7286 freeculture.xml:15411
+msgid "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) (1998)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7252
+msgid "future patents vs. future copyrights in"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7017
+#: freeculture.xml:7254
 msgid ""
 "Then, beginning in 1962, Congress started a practice that has defined "
 "copyright law since. Eleven times in the last forty years, Congress has "
@@ -10058,9 +10473,19 @@ msgid ""
 "of existing and future copyrights by twenty years."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7263 freeculture.xml:13198 freeculture.xml:13679
+msgid "patents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7263
+msgid "in public domain"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 146 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7027
+#: freeculture.xml:7265
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions is simply to toll, or delay, the passing of "
 "works into the public domain. This latest extension means that the public "
@@ -10072,7 +10497,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7038
+#: freeculture.xml:7277
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions has been exacerbated by another, "
 "little-noticed change in the copyright law. Remember I said that the framers "
@@ -10083,8 +10508,23 @@ msgid ""
 "be those that had some continuing commercial value."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7287
+msgid "of natural authors vs. corporations"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7288 freeculture.xml:13352
+msgid "corporations"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7288
+msgid "copyright terms for"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7048
+#: freeculture.xml:7290
 msgid ""
 "The United States abandoned this sensible system in 1976. For all works "
 "created after 1978, there was only one copyright term&mdash;the maximum "
@@ -10096,7 +10536,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7058
+#: freeculture.xml:7300
 msgid ""
 "This change meant that American law no longer had an automatic way to assure "
 "that works that were no longer exploited passed into the public domain. And "
@@ -10108,7 +10548,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7075
+#: freeculture.xml:7319
 msgid ""
 "These statistics are understated. Between the years 1910 and 1962 (the first "
 "year the renewal term was extended), the average term was never more than "
@@ -10117,7 +10557,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7067
+#: freeculture.xml:7311
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these changes on the average duration of copyright is "
 "dramatic. In 1973, more than 85 percent of copyright owners failed to renew "
@@ -10129,12 +10569,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7084
+#: freeculture.xml:7333
 msgid "Law: Scope"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7334 freeculture.xml:7553
+msgid "scope of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7086
+#: freeculture.xml:7336
 msgid ""
 "The <quote>scope</quote> of a copyright is the range of rights granted by "
 "the law.  The scope of American copyright has changed dramatically. Those "
@@ -10142,8 +10587,13 @@ msgid ""
 "changes if we're to keep this debate in context."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7342
+msgid "historical shift in copyright coverage of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7092
+#: freeculture.xml:7344
 msgid ""
 "In 1790, that scope was very narrow. Copyright covered only <quote>maps, "
 "charts, and books.</quote> That means it didn't cover, for example, music or "
@@ -10159,7 +10609,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7105
+#: freeculture.xml:7357
 msgid ""
 "This, too, has changed dramatically. While the contours of copyright today "
 "are extremely hard to describe simply, in general terms, the right covers "
@@ -10175,9 +10625,24 @@ msgid ""
 "that are based in a significant way on the initial creative work."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7371
+msgid "marking of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7372
+msgid "formalities"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7373
+msgid "registration requirement of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 148 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7120
+#: freeculture.xml:7375
 msgid ""
 "At the same time that the scope of copyright has expanded, procedural "
 "limitations on the right have been relaxed. I've already described the "
@@ -10192,7 +10657,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7134
+#: freeculture.xml:7390
 msgid ""
 "The reason for the registration requirement was the sensible understanding "
 "that for most works, no copyright was required. Again, in the first ten "
@@ -10207,8 +10672,13 @@ msgid ""
 "author."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7403
+msgid "European"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7148
+#: freeculture.xml:7405
 msgid ""
 "All of these <quote>formalities</quote> were abolished in the American "
 "system when we decided to follow European copyright law. There is no "
@@ -10219,13 +10689,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7156
+#: freeculture.xml:7416
 msgid "Consider a practical example to understand the scope of these differences."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7167
+#: freeculture.xml:7428
 msgid ""
 "See Thomas Bender and David Sampliner, <quote>Poets, Pirates, and the "
 "Creation of American Literature,</quote> 29 <citetitle>New York University "
@@ -10235,7 +10705,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7160
+#: freeculture.xml:7421
 msgid ""
 "If, in 1790, you wrote a book and you were one of the 5 percent who actually "
 "copyrighted that book, then the copyright law protected you against another "
@@ -10249,7 +10719,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 149 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7179
+#: freeculture.xml:7443
 msgid ""
 "The act left other creators totally unregulated. If I copied your poem by "
 "hand, over and over again, as a way to learn it by heart, my act was totally "
@@ -10260,7 +10730,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7188
+#: freeculture.xml:7453
 msgid ""
 "Today the story is very different: If you write a book, your book is "
 "automatically protected. Indeed, not just your book. Every e-mail, every "
@@ -10271,7 +10741,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7197
+#: freeculture.xml:7462
 msgid ""
 "That protection gives you the right (subject to a narrow range of fair use "
 "exceptions) to control how others copy the work, whether they copy it to "
@@ -10279,7 +10749,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7202
+#: freeculture.xml:7467
 msgid ""
 "That much is the obvious part. Any system of copyright would control "
 "competing publishing. But there's a second part to the copyright of today "
@@ -10294,7 +10764,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7216
+#: freeculture.xml:7482
 msgid ""
 "It is this derivative right that would seem most bizarre to our framers, "
 "though it has become second nature to us. Initially, this expansion was "
@@ -10306,7 +10776,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7238
+#: freeculture.xml:7504
 msgid ""
 "Jonathan Zittrain, <quote>The Copyright Cage,</quote> <citetitle>Legal "
 "Affairs</citetitle>, July/August 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -10315,7 +10785,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7228
+#: freeculture.xml:7494
 msgid ""
 "In preventing that joke, the law created an astonishing power within a free "
 "culture&mdash;at least, it's astonishing when you understand that the law "
@@ -10330,12 +10800,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7260
+#: freeculture.xml:7526
 msgid "Rubenfeld, Jeb"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7253
+#: freeculture.xml:7519
 msgid ""
 "Professor Rubenfeld has presented a powerful constitutional argument about "
 "the difference that copyright law should draw (from the perspective of the "
@@ -10347,7 +10817,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7248
+#: freeculture.xml:7514
 msgid ""
 "Yet copyright law treats these two different wrongs in the same way. I can "
 "go to court and get an injunction against your pirating my book. I can go to "
@@ -10357,7 +10827,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7267
+#: freeculture.xml:7534
 msgid ""
 "This again may seem right to you. If I wrote a book, then why should you be "
 "able to write a movie that takes my story and makes money from it without "
@@ -10367,7 +10837,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7275
+#: freeculture.xml:7542
 msgid ""
 "These are good arguments, and, in general, my point is not that the "
 "derivative right is unjustified. My aim just now is much narrower: simply to "
@@ -10376,13 +10846,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7282
+#: freeculture.xml:7551
 msgid "Law and Architecture: Reach"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7552 freeculture.xml:7614 freeculture.xml:7827
+msgid "copies as core issue of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f16 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7289
+#: freeculture.xml:7560
 msgid ""
 "This is a simplification of the law, but not much of one. The law certainly "
 "regulates more than <quote>copies</quote>&mdash;a public performance of a "
@@ -10396,7 +10871,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7284
+#: freeculture.xml:7555
 msgid ""
 "Whereas originally the law regulated only publishers, the change in "
 "copyright's scope means that the law today regulates publishers, users, and "
@@ -10405,9 +10880,14 @@ msgid ""
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7571
+msgid "other property rights vs."
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 151 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7301
+#: freeculture.xml:7574
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Copies.</quote> That certainly sounds like the obvious thing for "
 "<emphasis>copy</emphasis>right law to regulate. But as with Jack Valenti's "
@@ -10423,7 +10903,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7319
+#: freeculture.xml:7593
 msgid ""
 "Thus, my argument is not that in each place that copyright law extends, we "
 "should repeal it. It is instead that we should have a good argument for its "
@@ -10432,7 +10912,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7314
+#: freeculture.xml:7588
 msgid ""
 "This is perhaps the central claim of this book, so let me take this very "
 "slowly so that the point is not easily missed. My claim is that the Internet "
@@ -10444,50 +10924,40 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7330
+#: freeculture.xml:7606
 msgid ""
 "We can see this point abstractly by beginning with this largely empty "
 "circle."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7334
+#: freeculture.xml:7610
 msgid "All potential uses of a book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7335
+#: freeculture.xml:7611
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1521.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7337
+#: freeculture.xml:7613
 msgid "three types of uses of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7338
-msgid "copies as core issue of"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7339
+#: freeculture.xml:7615
 msgid "copyright applicability altered by technology of"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7340
-msgid "technology"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7340
+#: freeculture.xml:7616
 msgid "copyright intent altered by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 152 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7345
+#: freeculture.xml:7621
 msgid ""
 "Think about a book in real space, and imagine this circle to represent all "
 "its potential <emphasis>uses</emphasis>. Most of these uses are unregulated "
@@ -10502,17 +10972,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7358
+#: freeculture.xml:7634
 msgid "Examples of unregulated uses of a book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7359
+#: freeculture.xml:7635
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1531.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7362
+#: freeculture.xml:7638
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, some uses of a copyrighted book are regulated by "
 "copyright law. Republishing the book, for example, makes a copy. It is "
@@ -10523,26 +10993,26 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7372
+#: freeculture.xml:7650
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there is a tiny sliver of otherwise regulated copying uses that "
 "remain unregulated because the law considers these <quote>fair uses.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7377
+#: freeculture.xml:7655
 msgid ""
 "Republishing stands at the core of this circle of possible uses of a "
 "copyrighted work."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7378
+#: freeculture.xml:7656
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1541.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7381
+#: freeculture.xml:7661
 msgid ""
 "These are uses that themselves involve copying, but which the law treats as "
 "unregulated because public policy demands that they remain unregulated.  You "
@@ -10555,30 +11025,30 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7391
+#: freeculture.xml:7671
 msgid "Unregulated copying considered <quote>fair uses.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7392
+#: freeculture.xml:7672
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1542.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7396
+#: freeculture.xml:7676
 msgid ""
 "Uses that before were presumptively unregulated are now presumptively "
 "regulated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7397
+#: freeculture.xml:7677
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1551.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 154 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7401
+#: freeculture.xml:7682
 msgid ""
 "In real space, then, the possible uses of a book are divided into three "
 "sorts: (1) unregulated uses, (2) regulated uses, and (3) regulated uses that "
@@ -10587,13 +11057,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7406 freeculture.xml:7440 freeculture.xml:7656
+#: freeculture.xml:7687 freeculture.xml:7971 freeculture.xml:10215
 msgid "on Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7688
+msgid "books on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7689 freeculture.xml:7766
+msgid "Internet burdens on"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f18 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7411
+#: freeculture.xml:7694
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean <quote>nature</quote> in the sense that it couldn't be "
 "different, but rather that its present instantiation entails a copy. Optical "
@@ -10603,7 +11083,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7408
+#: freeculture.xml:7691
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet&mdash;a distributed, digital network where every use of a "
 "copyrighted work produces a copy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
@@ -10620,7 +11100,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 155 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7429
+#: freeculture.xml:7714
 msgid ""
 "So let's be very specific to make this general point clear. Before the "
 "Internet, if you purchased a book and read it ten times, there would be no "
@@ -10632,13 +11112,18 @@ msgid ""
 "those uses produced a copy."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7725
+msgid "e-books"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7441
+#: freeculture.xml:7726
 msgid "technological developments and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7443
+#: freeculture.xml:7728
 msgid ""
 "But the same book as an e-book is effectively governed by a different set of "
 "rules. Now if the copyright owner says you may read the book only once or "
@@ -10652,7 +11137,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7455
+#: freeculture.xml:7740
 msgid ""
 "There are some people who think this makes perfect sense. My aim just now is "
 "not to argue about whether it makes sense or not. My aim is only to make "
@@ -10661,7 +11146,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7461
+#: freeculture.xml:7746
 msgid ""
 "First, making category 1 disappear is not anything any policy maker ever "
 "intended. Congress did not think through the collapse of the presumptively "
@@ -10672,7 +11157,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7470
+#: freeculture.xml:7755
 msgid ""
 "Second, this shift is especially troubling in the context of transformative "
 "uses of creative content. Again, we can all understand the wrong in "
@@ -10685,9 +11170,14 @@ msgid ""
 "troubling with respect to transformative uses of creative work."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7768
+msgid "fair use vs."
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 156 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7482
+#: freeculture.xml:7770
 msgid ""
 "Third, this shift from category 1 to category 2 puts an extraordinary burden "
 "on category 3 (<quote>fair use</quote>) that fair use never before had to "
@@ -10701,7 +11191,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7501
+#: freeculture.xml:7789
 msgid ""
 "This point about fair use is totally ignored, even by advocates for free "
 "culture. We have been cornered into arguing that our rights depend upon fair "
@@ -10712,8 +11202,23 @@ msgid ""
 "fair use are not enough."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7805
+msgid "Video Pipeline"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7807 freeculture.xml:15308
+msgid "film industry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7807
+msgid "trailer advertisements of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7512
+#: freeculture.xml:7809
 msgid ""
 "The case of Video Pipeline is a good example. Video Pipeline was in the "
 "business of making <quote>trailer</quote> advertisements for movies "
@@ -10723,12 +11228,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7518 freeculture.xml:7578 freeculture.xml:13648
+#: freeculture.xml:7815 freeculture.xml:7890 freeculture.xml:14054
 msgid "browsing"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7520
+#: freeculture.xml:7817
 msgid ""
 "The company did this for about fifteen years. Then, in 1997, it began to "
 "think about the Internet as another way to distribute these previews.  The "
@@ -10741,7 +11246,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 157 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7529
+#: freeculture.xml:7830
 msgid ""
 "In 1998, Video Pipeline informed Disney and other film distributors that it "
 "intended to distribute the trailers through the Internet (rather than "
@@ -10756,8 +11261,18 @@ msgid ""
 "rights were in fact their rights."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7847
+msgid "willful infringement findings in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7848
+msgid "willful infringement"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7544
+#: freeculture.xml:7850
 msgid ""
 "Disney countersued&mdash;for $100 million in damages. Those damages were "
 "predicated upon a claim that Video Pipeline had <quote>willfully "
@@ -10770,7 +11285,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7554
+#: freeculture.xml:7860
 msgid ""
 "Disney has the right to control its property, of course. But the video "
 "stores that were selling Disney's films also had some sort of right to be "
@@ -10781,8 +11296,13 @@ msgid ""
 "Disney's permission."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7868
+msgid "first-sale doctrine"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7564
+#: freeculture.xml:7870
 msgid ""
 "Now, you might think this is a close case, and I think the courts would "
 "consider it a close case. My point here is to map the change that gives "
@@ -10798,13 +11318,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7577
+#: freeculture.xml:7889
 msgid "Barnes &amp; Noble"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 158 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7581
+#: freeculture.xml:7894
 msgid ""
 "No doubt, a potential is not yet an abuse, and so the potential for control "
 "is not yet the abuse of control. Barnes &amp; Noble has the right to say you "
@@ -10821,7 +11341,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7596
+#: freeculture.xml:7909
 msgid ""
 "Again, my aim so far is simply to map the changes that this changed "
 "architecture enables. Enabling technology to enforce the control of "
@@ -10832,12 +11352,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7605
+#: freeculture.xml:7918
 msgid "Architecture and Law: Force"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7607
+#: freeculture.xml:7920
 msgid ""
 "The disappearance of unregulated uses would be change enough, but a second "
 "important change brought about by the Internet magnifies its "
@@ -10845,8 +11365,18 @@ msgid ""
 "regulation; it affects how such regulation is enforced."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7925
+msgid "technology as automatic enforcer of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7926
+msgid "copyright enforcement controlled by"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7613
+#: freeculture.xml:7928
 msgid ""
 "In the world before digital technology, it was generally the law that "
 "controlled whether and how someone was regulated by copyright law.  The law, "
@@ -10856,18 +11386,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7620
+#: freeculture.xml:7935
 msgid "Casablanca"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7621 freeculture.xml:7792
+#: freeculture.xml:7936 freeculture.xml:8107
 msgid "Marx Brothers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7632
+#: freeculture.xml:7947
 msgid ""
 "See David Lange, <quote>Recognizing the Public Domain,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): "
@@ -10875,7 +11405,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7624
+#: freeculture.xml:7939
 msgid ""
 "There's a famous story about a battle between the Marx Brothers and Warner "
 "Brothers. The Marxes intended to make a parody of "
@@ -10886,14 +11416,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7641
+#: freeculture.xml:7956
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Ibid. See also Vaidhyanathan, "
 "<citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</citetitle>, 1&ndash;3."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7637
+#: freeculture.xml:7952
 msgid ""
 "This led the Marx Brothers to respond in kind. They warned Warner Brothers "
 "that the Marx Brothers <quote>were brothers long before you "
@@ -10905,7 +11435,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7651
+#: freeculture.xml:7966
 msgid ""
 "An absurd and hollow threat, of course, because Warner Brothers, like the "
 "Marx Brothers, knew that no court would ever enforce such a silly "
@@ -10914,7 +11444,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7658
+#: freeculture.xml:7973
 msgid ""
 "On the Internet, however, there is no check on silly rules, because on the "
 "Internet, increasingly, rules are enforced not by a human but by a machine: "
@@ -10926,17 +11456,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7670
+#: freeculture.xml:7985
 msgid "Adobe eBook Reader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7672
+#: freeculture.xml:7987
 msgid "Consider the life of my Adobe eBook Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7675
+#: freeculture.xml:7990
 msgid ""
 "An e-book is a book delivered in electronic form. An Adobe eBook is not a "
 "book that Adobe has published; Adobe simply produces the software that "
@@ -10945,13 +11475,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7682
+#: freeculture.xml:7997
 msgid "On the next page is a picture of an old version of my Adobe eBook Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 160 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7686
+#: freeculture.xml:8001
 msgid ""
 "As you can see, I have a small collection of e-books within this e-book "
 "library. Some of these books reproduce content that is in the public domain: "
@@ -10964,35 +11494,35 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7699
+#: freeculture.xml:8014
 msgid "Picture of an old version of Adobe eBook Reader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7700
+#: freeculture.xml:8015
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1611.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7703
+#: freeculture.xml:8018
 msgid ""
 "If you click on the Permissions button, you'll see a list of the permissions "
 "that the publisher purports to grant with this book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7707
+#: freeculture.xml:8022
 msgid "List of the permissions that the publisher purports to grant."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7708
+#: freeculture.xml:8023
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1612.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 161 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7712
+#: freeculture.xml:8027
 msgid ""
 "According to my eBook Reader, I have the permission to copy to the clipboard "
 "of the computer ten text selections every ten days. (So far, I've copied no "
@@ -11003,84 +11533,84 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7719
+#: freeculture.xml:8034
 msgid "Aristotle"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7720
+#: freeculture.xml:8035
 msgid "<citetitle>Politics</citetitle>, (Aristotle)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7722
+#: freeculture.xml:8037
 msgid ""
 "Here's the e-book for another work in the public domain (including the "
 "translation): Aristotle's <citetitle>Politics</citetitle>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7726
+#: freeculture.xml:8041
 msgid "E-book of Aristotle;s <quote>Politics</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7727
+#: freeculture.xml:8042
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1621.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7730
+#: freeculture.xml:8045
 msgid ""
 "According to its permissions, no printing or copying is permitted at "
 "all. But fortunately, you can use the Read Aloud button to hear the book."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7735
+#: freeculture.xml:8050
 msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s <quote>Politics</quote>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7736
+#: freeculture.xml:8051
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1622.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7738
+#: freeculture.xml:8053 freeculture.xml:9887
 msgid "Future of Ideas, The (Lessig)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7739
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8054 freeculture.xml:9888 freeculture.xml:13508
 msgid "Lessig, Lawrence"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7741
+#: freeculture.xml:8056
 msgid ""
 "Finally (and most embarrassingly), here are the permissions for the original "
 "e-book version of my last book, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7747
+#: freeculture.xml:8062
 msgid "List of the permissions for <quote>The Future of Ideas</quote>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7748
+#: freeculture.xml:8063
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7751
+#: freeculture.xml:8066
 msgid "No copying, no printing, and don't you dare try to listen to this book!"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7761
+#: freeculture.xml:8076
 msgid ""
 "In principle, a contract might impose a requirement on me. I might, for "
 "example, buy a book from you that includes a contract that says I will read "
@@ -11091,7 +11621,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7754
+#: freeculture.xml:8069
 msgid ""
 "Now, the Adobe eBook Reader calls these controls "
 "<quote>permissions</quote>&mdash; as if the publisher has the power to "
@@ -11106,7 +11636,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7776
+#: freeculture.xml:8091
 msgid ""
 "The control comes instead from the code&mdash;from the technology within "
 "which the e-book <quote>lives.</quote> Though the e-book says that these are "
@@ -11126,7 +11656,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 163 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7796
+#: freeculture.xml:8111
 msgid ""
 "These are <emphasis>controls</emphasis>, not permissions. Imagine a world "
 "where the Marx Brothers sold word processing software that, when you tried "
@@ -11135,7 +11665,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7802
+#: freeculture.xml:8117
 msgid ""
 "This is the future of copyright law: not so much copyright "
 "<emphasis>law</emphasis> as copyright <emphasis>code</emphasis>. The "
@@ -11147,7 +11677,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7811
+#: freeculture.xml:8126
 msgid ""
 "How significant is this? Isn't it always possible to get around the controls "
 "built into the technology? Software used to be sold with technologies that "
@@ -11157,24 +11687,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7818
+#: freeculture.xml:8133
 msgid ""
 "We've only scratched the surface of this story. Return to the Adobe eBook "
 "Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7821
+#: freeculture.xml:8136
 msgid "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7822
+#: freeculture.xml:8137
 msgid "e-book restrictions on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7824
+#: freeculture.xml:8139
 msgid ""
 "Early in the life of the Adobe eBook Reader, Adobe suffered a public "
 "relations nightmare. Among the books that you could download for free on the "
@@ -11184,17 +11714,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7832
+#: freeculture.xml:8147
 msgid "List of the permissions for <quote>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</quote>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7834
+#: freeculture.xml:8149
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7838
+#: freeculture.xml:8153
 msgid ""
 "Here was a public domain children's book that you were not allowed to copy, "
 "not allowed to lend, not allowed to give, and, as the "
@@ -11203,7 +11733,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7843
+#: freeculture.xml:8158
 msgid ""
 "The public relations nightmare attached to that final permission.  For the "
 "text did not say that you were not permitted to use the Read Aloud button; "
@@ -11214,7 +11744,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7851
+#: freeculture.xml:8166
 msgid ""
 "Adobe responded quickly that it was absurd to think that it was trying to "
 "restrict the right to read a book aloud. Obviously it was only restricting "
@@ -11229,7 +11759,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7866
+#: freeculture.xml:8181
 msgid ""
 "The point is not to blame Adobe. Indeed, Adobe is among the most innovative "
 "companies developing strategies to balance open access to content with "
@@ -11239,34 +11769,34 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7876
+#: freeculture.xml:8191
 msgid ""
 "To see the point in a particularly absurd context, consider a favorite story "
 "of mine that makes the same point."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7879 freeculture.xml:8023 freeculture.xml:8088 freeculture.xml:8196
+#: freeculture.xml:8194 freeculture.xml:8338 freeculture.xml:8403 freeculture.xml:8511
 msgid "Aibo robotic dog"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7880 freeculture.xml:8024 freeculture.xml:8089 freeculture.xml:8197
+#: freeculture.xml:8195 freeculture.xml:8339 freeculture.xml:8404 freeculture.xml:8512
 msgid "robotic dog"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7881 freeculture.xml:8025 freeculture.xml:8090 freeculture.xml:8198
+#: freeculture.xml:8196 freeculture.xml:8340 freeculture.xml:8405 freeculture.xml:8513
 msgid "Sony"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7881 freeculture.xml:8025 freeculture.xml:8090 freeculture.xml:8198
+#: freeculture.xml:8196 freeculture.xml:8340 freeculture.xml:8405 freeculture.xml:8513
 msgid "Aibo robotic dog produced by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7883
+#: freeculture.xml:8198
 msgid ""
 "Consider the robotic dog made by Sony named <quote>Aibo.</quote> The Aibo "
 "learns tricks, cuddles, and follows you around. It eats only electricity and "
@@ -11275,7 +11805,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 165
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7888
+#: freeculture.xml:8203
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo is expensive and popular. Fans from around the world have set up "
 "clubs to trade stories. One fan in particular set up a Web site to enable "
@@ -11286,7 +11816,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7897
+#: freeculture.xml:8212
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Teach</quote> here has a special meaning. Aibos are just cute "
 "computers.  You teach a computer how to do something by programming it "
@@ -11297,12 +11827,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7904
+#: freeculture.xml:8219
 msgid "hacks"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7906
+#: freeculture.xml:8221
 msgid ""
 "If you're not a programmer or don't know many programmers, the word "
 "<citetitle>hack</citetitle> has a particularly unfriendly "
@@ -11318,7 +11848,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7920
+#: freeculture.xml:8235
 msgid ""
 "Some hacks are easy. Some are unbelievably hard. Hackers as a community like "
 "to challenge themselves and others with increasingly difficult "
@@ -11328,7 +11858,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7927
+#: freeculture.xml:8242
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo fan was displaying a bit of both when he hacked the program and "
 "offered to the world a bit of code that would enable the Aibo to dance "
@@ -11339,7 +11869,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 166 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7937
+#: freeculture.xml:8252
 msgid ""
 "I've told this story in many contexts, both inside and outside the United "
 "States. Once I was asked by a puzzled member of the audience, is it "
@@ -11354,12 +11884,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7952
+#: freeculture.xml:8267
 msgid "government case against"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7954
+#: freeculture.xml:8269
 msgid ""
 "Let's put the dog to sleep for a minute, and turn to a pony show&mdash; not "
 "literally a pony show, but rather a paper that a Princeton academic named Ed "
@@ -11373,12 +11903,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7977 freeculture.xml:10470
+#: freeculture.xml:8292 freeculture.xml:10841
 msgid "Electronic Frontier Foundation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7967
+#: freeculture.xml:8282
 msgid ""
 "See Pamela Samuelson, <quote>Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to "
 "Science,</quote> <citetitle>Science</citetitle> 293 (2001): 2028; Brendan "
@@ -11397,7 +11927,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7965
+#: freeculture.xml:8280
 msgid ""
 "But Felten's bravery was really tested in April 2001.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> He and a group of colleagues were working on a "
@@ -11407,7 +11937,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7985
+#: freeculture.xml:8300
 msgid ""
 "The SDMI coalition had as its goal a technology to enable content owners to "
 "exercise much better control over their content than the Internet, as it "
@@ -11419,7 +11949,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7995
+#: freeculture.xml:8310
 msgid ""
 "When SDMI thought it was close to a standard, it set up a competition.  In "
 "exchange for providing contestants with the code to an SDMI-encrypted bit of "
@@ -11429,7 +11959,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 167 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8002
+#: freeculture.xml:8317
 msgid ""
 "Felten and his team figured out the encryption system quickly. He and the "
 "team saw the weakness of this system as a type: Many encryption systems "
@@ -11438,7 +11968,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8008
+#: freeculture.xml:8323
 msgid ""
 "Let's review just what Felten was doing. Again, this is the United "
 "States. We have a principle of free speech. We have this principle not just "
@@ -11449,7 +11979,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8016
+#: freeculture.xml:8331
 msgid ""
 "What Felten and his colleagues were doing was publishing a paper describing "
 "the weakness in a technology. They were not spreading free music, or "
@@ -11459,7 +11989,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8027
+#: freeculture.xml:8342
 msgid ""
 "What links these two, aibopet.com and Felten, is the letters they then "
 "received. Aibopet.com received a letter from Sony about the aibopet.com "
@@ -11467,7 +11997,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8034
+#: freeculture.xml:8349
 msgid ""
 "Your site contains information providing the means to circumvent AIBO-ware's "
 "copy protection protocol constituting a violation of the anti-circumvention "
@@ -11475,7 +12005,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8043
+#: freeculture.xml:8358
 msgid ""
 "And though an academic paper describing the weakness in a system of "
 "encryption should also be perfectly legal, Felten received a letter from an "
@@ -11484,7 +12014,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 168 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8049
+#: freeculture.xml:8364
 msgid ""
 "Any disclosure of information gained from participating in the Public "
 "Challenge would be outside the scope of activities permitted by the "
@@ -11493,7 +12023,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8057
+#: freeculture.xml:8372
 msgid ""
 "In both cases, this weirdly Orwellian law was invoked to control the spread "
 "of information. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act made spreading such "
@@ -11501,7 +12031,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8062
+#: freeculture.xml:8377
 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was enacted as a response to copyright owners' first fear about "
 "cyberspace. The fear was that copyright control was effectively dead; the "
@@ -11514,7 +12044,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8073
+#: freeculture.xml:8388
 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was a bit of law intended to back up the protection of this code "
 "designed to protect copyrighted material. It was, we could say, "
@@ -11524,7 +12054,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8080
+#: freeculture.xml:8395
 msgid ""
 "But the DMCA was not designed merely to protect copyrighted works to the "
 "extent copyright law protected them. Its protection, that is, did not end at "
@@ -11536,7 +12066,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 169 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8092
+#: freeculture.xml:8407
 msgid ""
 "Aibopet.com and Felten make the point. The Aibo hack circumvented a "
 "copyright protection system for the purpose of enabling the dog to dance "
@@ -11550,7 +12080,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8104
+#: freeculture.xml:8419
 msgid ""
 "The threat against Felten was more attenuated, but it followed the same line "
 "of reasoning. By publishing a paper describing how a copyright protection "
@@ -11561,17 +12091,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8111 freeculture.xml:8146
+#: freeculture.xml:8426 freeculture.xml:8461
 msgid "Rogers, Fred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8122 freeculture.xml:8159 freeculture.xml:8185
+#: freeculture.xml:8437 freeculture.xml:8474 freeculture.xml:8500
 msgid "Conrad, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8114
+#: freeculture.xml:8429
 msgid ""
 "The bizarreness of these arguments is captured in a cartoon drawn in 1981 by "
 "Paul Conrad. At that time, a court in California had held that the VCR could "
@@ -11584,7 +12114,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8141
+#: freeculture.xml:8456
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <citetitle>Sony Corporation of "
 "America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>., "
@@ -11595,7 +12125,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8126
+#: freeculture.xml:8441
 msgid ""
 "Some public stations, as well as commercial stations, program the "
 "<quote>Neighborhood</quote> at hours when some children cannot use it. I "
@@ -11615,7 +12145,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 170 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8152
+#: freeculture.xml:8467
 msgid ""
 "Even though there were uses that were legal, because there were some uses "
 "that were illegal, the court held the companies producing the VCR "
@@ -11623,19 +12153,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8157
+#: freeculture.xml:8472
 msgid ""
 "This led Conrad to draw the cartoon below, which we can adopt to the DMCA.  "
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8162
+#: freeculture.xml:8477
 msgid "No argument I have can top this picture, but let me try to get close."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8165
+#: freeculture.xml:8480
 msgid ""
 "The anticircumvention provisions of the DMCA target copyright circumvention "
 "technologies. Circumvention technologies can be used for different "
@@ -11646,13 +12176,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8172
+#: freeculture.xml:8487
 msgid "handguns"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 171 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8174
+#: freeculture.xml:8489
 msgid ""
 "A handgun can be used to shoot a police officer or a child. Most would agree "
 "such a use is bad. Or a handgun can be used for target practice or to "
@@ -11661,17 +12191,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8182
+#: freeculture.xml:8497
 msgid "VCR/handgun cartoon."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8183
+#: freeculture.xml:8498
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1711.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8187
+#: freeculture.xml:8502
 msgid ""
 "The obvious point of Conrad's cartoon is the weirdness of a world where guns "
 "are legal, despite the harm they can do, while VCRs (and circumvention "
@@ -11682,7 +12212,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8200
+#: freeculture.xml:8515
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo and RIAA examples demonstrate how copyright owners are changing the "
 "balance that copyright law grants. Using code, copyright owners restrict "
@@ -11693,7 +12223,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8208
+#: freeculture.xml:8523
 msgid ""
 "This is how <emphasis>code</emphasis> becomes <emphasis>law</emphasis>. The "
 "controls built into the technology of copy and access protection become "
@@ -11707,7 +12237,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8220
+#: freeculture.xml:8535
 msgid ""
 "There is one final aspect of the interaction between architecture and law "
 "that contributes to the force of copyright's regulation. This is the ease "
@@ -11722,7 +12252,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f24 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8239
+#: freeculture.xml:8554
 msgid ""
 "For an early and prescient analysis, see Rebecca Tushnet, <quote>Legal "
 "Fictions, Copyright, Fan Fiction, and a New Common Law,</quote> "
@@ -11731,7 +12261,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8233
+#: freeculture.xml:8548
 msgid ""
 "For example, imagine you were part of a <citetitle>Star Trek</citetitle> fan "
 "club. You gathered every month to share trivia, and maybe to enact a kind of "
@@ -11741,7 +12271,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8245
+#: freeculture.xml:8560
 msgid ""
 "Before the Internet, this was, in effect, a totally unregulated activity.  "
 "No matter what happened inside your club room, you would never be interfered "
@@ -11751,7 +12281,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8253
+#: freeculture.xml:8568
 msgid ""
 "But if you moved your club onto the Internet, and made it generally "
 "available for others to join, the story would be very different. Bots "
@@ -11764,7 +12294,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8263
+#: freeculture.xml:8578
 msgid ""
 "This change in the effective force of the law is caused by a change in the "
 "ease with which the law can be enforced. That change too shifts the law's "
@@ -11775,13 +12305,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8272
+#: freeculture.xml:8587
 msgid "Market: Concentration"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 173 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8274
+#: freeculture.xml:8589
 msgid ""
 "So copyright's duration has increased dramatically&mdash;tripled in the past "
 "thirty years. And copyright's scope has increased as well&mdash;from "
@@ -11799,7 +12329,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8292
+#: freeculture.xml:8607
 msgid ""
 "Still, in my view, all of these changes would not matter much if it weren't "
 "for one more change that we must also consider. This is a change that is in "
@@ -11809,7 +12339,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8299
+#: freeculture.xml:8614
 msgid ""
 "This is the change in the concentration and integration of the media.  In "
 "the past twenty years, the nature of media ownership has undergone a radical "
@@ -11822,38 +12352,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8310
+#: freeculture.xml:8625
 msgid "These changes are of two sorts: the scope of concentration, and its nature."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8314
+#: freeculture.xml:8629
 msgid "BMG"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8315 freeculture.xml:9663
+#: freeculture.xml:8630 freeculture.xml:9997
 msgid "EMI"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8316
+#: freeculture.xml:8631
 msgid "McCain, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8317 freeculture.xml:9664
+#: freeculture.xml:8632 freeculture.xml:10004
 msgid "Universal Music Group"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8318
+#: freeculture.xml:8633
 msgid "Warner Music Group"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f25 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8324
+#: freeculture.xml:8639
 msgid ""
 "FCC Oversight: Hearing Before the Senate Commerce, Science and "
 "Transportation Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (22 May 2003)  (statement "
@@ -11862,7 +12392,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f26 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8331
+#: freeculture.xml:8646
 msgid ""
 "Lynette Holloway, <quote>Despite a Marketing Blitz, CD Sales Continue to "
 "Slide,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 23 December 2002."
@@ -11870,14 +12400,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f27 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8337
+#: freeculture.xml:8652
 msgid ""
 "Molly Ivins, <quote>Media Consolidation Must Be Stopped,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Charleston Gazette</citetitle>, 31 May 2003."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8320
+#: freeculture.xml:8635
 msgid ""
 "Changes in scope are the easier ones to describe. As Senator John McCain "
 "summarized the data produced in the FCC's review of media ownership, "
@@ -11892,7 +12422,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 174 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8342
+#: freeculture.xml:8657
 msgid ""
 "The story with radio is even more dramatic. Before deregulation, the "
 "nation's largest radio broadcasting conglomerate owned fewer than "
@@ -11905,7 +12435,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8354
+#: freeculture.xml:8669
 msgid ""
 "Newspaper ownership is becoming more concentrated as well.  Today, there are "
 "six hundred fewer daily newspapers in the United States than there were "
@@ -11919,12 +12449,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8368 freeculture.xml:8385
+#: freeculture.xml:8683 freeculture.xml:8700
 msgid "Fallows, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8365
+#: freeculture.xml:8680
 msgid ""
 "Concentration in size alone is one thing. The more invidious change is in "
 "the nature of that concentration. As author James Fallows put it in a recent "
@@ -11932,7 +12462,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8383
+#: freeculture.xml:8698
 msgid ""
 "James Fallows, <quote>The Age of Murdoch,</quote> <citetitle>Atlantic "
 "Monthly</citetitle> (September 2003): 89.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
@@ -11940,7 +12470,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8372
+#: freeculture.xml:8687
 msgid ""
 "Murdoch's companies now constitute a production system unmatched in its "
 "integration. They supply content&mdash;Fox movies &hellip; Fox TV shows "
@@ -11955,7 +12485,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8390
+#: freeculture.xml:8705
 msgid ""
 "The pattern with Murdoch is the pattern of modern media. Not just large "
 "companies owning many radio stations, but a few companies owning as many "
@@ -11964,18 +12494,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8396
+#: freeculture.xml:8711
 msgid "Pattern of modern media ownership."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8397
+#: freeculture.xml:8712
 msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1761.png\"></graphic>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 175 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8401
+#: freeculture.xml:8716
 msgid ""
 "Does this concentration matter? Will it affect what is made, or what is "
 "distributed? Or is it merely a more efficient way to produce and distribute "
@@ -11983,7 +12513,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8406
+#: freeculture.xml:8721
 msgid ""
 "My view was that concentration wouldn't matter. I thought it was nothing "
 "more than a more efficient financial structure. But now, after reading and "
@@ -11992,24 +12522,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8412
+#: freeculture.xml:8727
 msgid ""
 "Here's a representative story that begins to suggest how this integration "
 "may matter."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8415
+#: freeculture.xml:8730
 msgid "Lear, Norman"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8417 freeculture.xml:8480
+#: freeculture.xml:8732 freeculture.xml:8795
 msgid "All in the Family"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8419
+#: freeculture.xml:8734
 msgid ""
 "In 1969, Norman Lear created a pilot for <citetitle>All in the "
 "Family</citetitle>. He took the pilot to ABC. The network didn't like it. It "
@@ -12020,7 +12550,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f29 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8431
+#: freeculture.xml:8746
 msgid ""
 "Leonard Hill, <quote>The Axis of Access,</quote> remarks before Weidenbaum "
 "Center Forum, <quote>Entertainment Economics: The Movie Industry,</quote> "
@@ -12031,7 +12561,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8426
+#: freeculture.xml:8741
 msgid ""
 "Rather than comply, Lear simply took the show elsewhere. CBS was happy to "
 "have the series; ABC could not stop Lear from walking.  The copyrights that "
@@ -12041,7 +12571,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 176 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8442
+#: freeculture.xml:8757
 msgid ""
 "The network did not control those copyrights because the law forbade the "
 "networks from controlling the content they syndicated. The law required a "
@@ -12053,7 +12583,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f30 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8461
+#: freeculture.xml:8776
 msgid ""
 "NewsCorp./DirecTV Merger and Media Consolidation: Hearings on Media "
 "Ownership Before the Senate Commerce Committee, 108th Cong., 1st "
@@ -12065,7 +12595,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8451
+#: freeculture.xml:8766
 msgid ""
 "In 1994, the FCC abandoned the rules that required this independence.  After "
 "that change, the networks quickly changed the balance.  In 1985, there were "
@@ -12084,7 +12614,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8482
+#: freeculture.xml:8797
 msgid ""
 "Today, another Norman Lear with another <citetitle>All in the "
 "Family</citetitle> would find that he had the choice either to make the show "
@@ -12093,17 +12623,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8487
+#: freeculture.xml:8802
 msgid "Diller, Barry"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8488
+#: freeculture.xml:8803
 msgid "Moyers, Bill"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8490
+#: freeculture.xml:8805
 msgid ""
 "While the number of channels has increased dramatically, the ownership of "
 "those channels has narrowed to an ever smaller and smaller few. As Barry "
@@ -12112,7 +12642,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f32 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8505
+#: freeculture.xml:8820
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,</quote> <citetitle>Now with "
 "Bill Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript "
@@ -12120,7 +12650,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8496
+#: freeculture.xml:8811
 msgid ""
 "Well, if you have companies that produce, that finance, that air on their "
 "channel and then distribute worldwide everything that goes through their "
@@ -12131,7 +12661,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8512
+#: freeculture.xml:8827
 msgid ""
 "This narrowing has an effect on what is produced. The product of such large "
 "and concentrated networks is increasingly homogenous.  Increasingly "
@@ -12145,13 +12675,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8523
+#: freeculture.xml:8838
 msgid "Clark, Kim B."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f33 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8532
+#: freeculture.xml:8847
 msgid ""
 "Clayton M. Christensen, <citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The "
 "Revolutionary National Bestseller that Changed the Way We Do "
@@ -12167,7 +12697,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8525
+#: freeculture.xml:8840
 msgid ""
 "Economics itself offers a parallel that explains why this integration "
 "affects creativity. Clay Christensen has written about the "
@@ -12182,7 +12712,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8549
+#: freeculture.xml:8864
 msgid ""
 "I don't think we know enough about the economics of the media market to say "
 "with certainty what concentration and integration will do. The efficiencies "
@@ -12190,14 +12720,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8555
+#: freeculture.xml:8870
 msgid ""
 "But there is a quintessentially obvious example that does strongly suggest "
 "the concern."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8559
+#: freeculture.xml:8874
 msgid ""
 "In addition to the copyright wars, we're in the middle of the drug "
 "wars. Government policy is strongly directed against the drug cartels; "
@@ -12206,7 +12736,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 178 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8564
+#: freeculture.xml:8879
 msgid ""
 "Let me hereby disqualify myself from any possible appointment to any "
 "position in government by saying I believe this war is a profound mistake. I "
@@ -12224,7 +12754,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8583
+#: freeculture.xml:8898
 msgid ""
 "You may not be convinced. That's fine. We live in a democracy, and it is "
 "through votes that we are to choose policy. But to do that, we depend "
@@ -12232,7 +12762,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8590
+#: freeculture.xml:8905
 msgid ""
 "Beginning in 1998, the Office of National Drug Control Policy launched a "
 "media campaign as part of the <quote>war on drugs.</quote> The campaign "
@@ -12247,14 +12777,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8602
+#: freeculture.xml:8917
 msgid ""
 "Fair enough. It's a good ad. Not terribly misleading. It delivers its "
 "message well. It's a fair and reasonable message."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8606
+#: freeculture.xml:8921
 msgid ""
 "But let's say you think it is a wrong message, and you'd like to run a "
 "countercommercial. Say you want to run a series of ads that try to "
@@ -12264,7 +12794,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 179 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8612
+#: freeculture.xml:8927
 msgid ""
 "Well, obviously, these ads cost lots of money. Assume you raise the "
 "money. Assume a group of concerned citizens donates all the money in the "
@@ -12273,32 +12803,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8654
+#: freeculture.xml:8969
 msgid "Comcast"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8655
+#: freeculture.xml:8970
 msgid "Marijuana Policy Project"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8656
+#: freeculture.xml:8971
 msgid "NBC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8657
+#: freeculture.xml:8972
 msgid "WJOA"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8658
+#: freeculture.xml:8973
 msgid "WRC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8629
+#: freeculture.xml:8944
 msgid ""
 "The Marijuana Policy Project, in February 2003, sought to place ads that "
 "directly responded to the Nick and Norm series on stations within the "
@@ -12332,7 +12862,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8619
+#: freeculture.xml:8934
 msgid ""
 "No. You cannot. Television stations have a general policy of avoiding "
 "<quote>controversial</quote> ads. Ads sponsored by the government are deemed "
@@ -12346,7 +12876,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8663
+#: freeculture.xml:8978
 msgid ""
 "I'd be happy to defend the networks' rights, as well&mdash;if we lived in a "
 "media market that was truly diverse. But concentration in the media throws "
@@ -12359,12 +12889,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8676
+#: freeculture.xml:8991
 msgid "Together"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8678
+#: freeculture.xml:8993
 msgid ""
 "There is something innocent and obvious about the claim of the copyright "
 "warriors that the government should <quote>protect my property.</quote> In "
@@ -12374,7 +12904,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 180 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8684
+#: freeculture.xml:8999
 msgid ""
 "But when we see how dramatically this <quote>property</quote> has "
 "changed&mdash; when we recognize how it might now interact with both "
@@ -12389,7 +12919,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8700
+#: freeculture.xml:9015
 msgid ""
 "Not starkly. Or absolutely. My point is not that we should abolish copyright "
 "or go back to the eighteenth century. That would be a total mistake, "
@@ -12398,7 +12928,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8706
+#: freeculture.xml:9021
 msgid ""
 "But there is a space between zero and one, Internet culture "
 "notwithstanding.  And these massive shifts in the effective power of "
@@ -12412,7 +12942,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8718
+#: freeculture.xml:9033
 msgid ""
 "Copyright law has not been a rock of Gibraltar. It's not a set of constant "
 "commitments that, for some mysterious reason, teenagers and geeks now "
@@ -12427,7 +12957,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 181 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8730
+#: freeculture.xml:9045
 msgid ""
 "For the single point that is lost in this war on pirates is a point that we "
 "see only after surveying the range of these changes. When you add together "
@@ -12438,7 +12968,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8754
+#: freeculture.xml:9069
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Siva Vaidhyanathan captures a "
 "similar point in his <quote>four surrenders</quote> of copyright law in the "
@@ -12446,7 +12976,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8739
+#: freeculture.xml:9054
 msgid ""
 "Not when copyrights were perpetual, for when copyrights were perpetual, they "
 "affected only that precise creative work. Not when only publishers had the "
@@ -12464,14 +12994,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8760
+#: freeculture.xml:9075
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>This has been</emphasis> a long chapter. Its point "
 "can now be briefly stated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8764
+#: freeculture.xml:9079
 msgid ""
 "At the start of this book, I distinguished between commercial and "
 "noncommercial culture. In the course of this chapter, I have distinguished "
@@ -12481,38 +13011,38 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8776 freeculture.xml:8813
+#: freeculture.xml:9091 freeculture.xml:9128
 msgid "PUBLISH"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8777 freeculture.xml:8814 freeculture.xml:8852 freeculture.xml:8884
+#: freeculture.xml:9092 freeculture.xml:9129 freeculture.xml:9167 freeculture.xml:9199
 msgid "TRANSFORM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8782 freeculture.xml:8819 freeculture.xml:8857 freeculture.xml:8889
+#: freeculture.xml:9097 freeculture.xml:9134 freeculture.xml:9172 freeculture.xml:9204
 msgid "Commercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8783 freeculture.xml:8820 freeculture.xml:8821 freeculture.xml:8858 freeculture.xml:8859 freeculture.xml:8890 freeculture.xml:8891 freeculture.xml:8895 freeculture.xml:8896
+#: freeculture.xml:9098 freeculture.xml:9135 freeculture.xml:9136 freeculture.xml:9173 freeculture.xml:9174 freeculture.xml:9205 freeculture.xml:9206 freeculture.xml:9210 freeculture.xml:9211
 msgid "&copy;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8784 freeculture.xml:8788 freeculture.xml:8789 freeculture.xml:8825 freeculture.xml:8826 freeculture.xml:8864
+#: freeculture.xml:9099 freeculture.xml:9103 freeculture.xml:9104 freeculture.xml:9140 freeculture.xml:9141 freeculture.xml:9179
 msgid "Free"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8787 freeculture.xml:8824 freeculture.xml:8862 freeculture.xml:8894
+#: freeculture.xml:9102 freeculture.xml:9139 freeculture.xml:9177 freeculture.xml:9209
 msgid "Noncommercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 182 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8796
+#: freeculture.xml:9111
 msgid ""
 "The act of publishing a map, chart, and book was regulated by copyright "
 "law. Nothing else was. Transformations were free. And as copyright attached "
@@ -12522,12 +13052,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8805
+#: freeculture.xml:9120
 msgid "By the end of the nineteenth century, the law had changed to this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8833
+#: freeculture.xml:9148
 msgid ""
 "Derivative works were now regulated by copyright law&mdash;if published, "
 "which again, given the economics of publishing at the time, means if offered "
@@ -12536,7 +13066,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8839
+#: freeculture.xml:9154
 msgid ""
 "In 1909 the law changed to regulate copies, not publishing, and after this "
 "change, the scope of the law was tied to technology. As the technology of "
@@ -12546,17 +13076,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8851 freeculture.xml:8883
+#: freeculture.xml:9166 freeculture.xml:9198
 msgid "COPY"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8863
+#: freeculture.xml:9178
 msgid "&copy;/Free"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8871
+#: freeculture.xml:9186
 msgid ""
 "The law was interpreted to reach noncommercial copying through, say, copy "
 "machines, but still much of copying outside of the commercial market "
@@ -12567,7 +13097,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 183 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8903
+#: freeculture.xml:9218
 msgid ""
 "Every realm is governed by copyright law, whereas before most creativity was "
 "not. The law now regulates the full range of creativity&mdash; commercial or "
@@ -12576,7 +13106,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8911
+#: freeculture.xml:9226
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, copyright law is not the enemy. The enemy is regulation that does "
 "no good. So the question that we should be asking just now is whether "
@@ -12585,7 +13115,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8917
+#: freeculture.xml:9232
 msgid ""
 "I have no doubt that it does good in regulating commercial copying.  But I "
 "also have no doubt that it does more harm than good when regulating (as it "
@@ -12599,12 +13129,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8941
+#: freeculture.xml:9256
 msgid "legal realist movement"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8935
+#: freeculture.xml:9250
 msgid ""
 "It was the single most important contribution of the legal realist movement "
 "to demonstrate that all property rights are always crafted to balance public "
@@ -12615,7 +13145,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8929
+#: freeculture.xml:9244
 msgid ""
 "The issue is therefore not simply whether copyright is property. Of course "
 "copyright is a kind of <quote>property,</quote> and of course, as with any "
@@ -12633,7 +13163,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 184 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8954
+#: freeculture.xml:9269
 msgid ""
 "We achieved that free culture because our law respected important limits on "
 "the scope of the interests protected by <quote>property.</quote> The very "
@@ -12652,7 +13182,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8973
+#: freeculture.xml:9288
 msgid ""
 "Free culture is increasingly the casualty in this war on piracy. In response "
 "to a real, if not yet quantified, threat that the technologies of the "
@@ -12667,33 +13197,33 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8990
+#: freeculture.xml:9305
 msgid "PUZZLES"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8994
+#: freeculture.xml:9309
 msgid "CHAPTER ELEVEN: Chimera"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8995
+#: freeculture.xml:9310
 msgid "chimeras"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8996
+#: freeculture.xml:9311
 msgid "Wells, H. G."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8997
+#: freeculture.xml:9312
 msgid "<quote>Country of the Blind, The</quote> (Wells)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9005
+#: freeculture.xml:9320
 msgid ""
 "H. G. Wells, <quote>The Country of the Blind</quote> (1904, 1911). See "
 "H. G. Wells, <citetitle>The Country of the Blind and Other "
@@ -12702,7 +13232,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9000
+#: freeculture.xml:9315
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In a well-known</emphasis> short story by "
 "H. G. Wells, a mountain climber named Nunez trips (literally, down an ice "
@@ -12717,7 +13247,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9017
+#: freeculture.xml:9332
 msgid ""
 "Things don't go quite as he planned. He tries to explain the idea of sight "
 "to the villagers. They don't understand. He tells them they are "
@@ -12732,7 +13262,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 187 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9029
+#: freeculture.xml:9344
 msgid ""
 "The villagers don't leave him alone. Nor do they see (so to speak) the "
 "virtue of his special power. Not even the ultimate target of his affection, "
@@ -12746,7 +13276,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9040
+#: freeculture.xml:9355
 msgid ""
 "When Nunez announces his desire to marry his <quote>mysteriously "
 "delighted</quote> love, the father and the village object. <quote>You see, "
@@ -12756,14 +13286,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9046
+#: freeculture.xml:9361
 msgid ""
 "After a careful examination, the doctor gives his opinion. <quote>His brain "
 "is affected,</quote> he reports."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9050
+#: freeculture.xml:9365
 msgid ""
 "<quote>What affects it?</quote> the father asks.  <quote>Those queer things "
 "that are called the eyes &hellip; are diseased &hellip; in such a way as to "
@@ -12771,7 +13301,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9055
+#: freeculture.xml:9370
 msgid ""
 "The doctor continues: <quote>I think I may say with reasonable certainty "
 "that in order to cure him completely, all that we need to do is a simple and "
@@ -12780,7 +13310,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9061
+#: freeculture.xml:9376
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Thank Heaven for science!</quote> says the father to the doctor. They "
 "inform Nunez of this condition necessary for him to be allowed his bride.  "
@@ -12790,7 +13320,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 188 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9067
+#: freeculture.xml:9382
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It sometimes</emphasis> happens that the eggs of "
 "twins fuse in the mother's womb. That fusion produces a "
@@ -12802,7 +13332,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9081
+#: freeculture.xml:9396
 msgid ""
 "Before I had read about chimeras, I would have said they were impossible.  A "
 "single person can't have two sets of DNA. The very idea of DNA is that it is "
@@ -12813,7 +13343,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9089
+#: freeculture.xml:9404
 msgid ""
 "The more I work to understand the current struggle over copyright and "
 "culture, which I've sometimes called unfairly, and sometimes not unfairly "
@@ -12830,7 +13360,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9103
+#: freeculture.xml:9418
 msgid ""
 "But the description is also false in part. For when my p2p server is on a "
 "p2p network through which anyone can get access to my music, then sure, my "
@@ -12843,7 +13373,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9112
+#: freeculture.xml:9427
 msgid ""
 "Likewise, when the other side says, <quote>File sharing is just like walking "
 "into a Tower Records and taking a CD off the shelf and walking out with "
@@ -12855,7 +13385,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 189 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9123
+#: freeculture.xml:9438
 msgid ""
 "But it is not quite stealing from Tower. After all, when I take a CD from "
 "Tower Records, Tower has one less CD to sell. And when I take a CD from "
@@ -12867,7 +13397,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9133
+#: freeculture.xml:9448
 msgid ""
 "The point is not that it is as neither side describes. The point is that it "
 "is both&mdash;both as the RIAA describes it and as Kazaa describes it. It is "
@@ -12877,22 +13407,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9149 freeculture.xml:9435 freeculture.xml:10471
+#: freeculture.xml:9464 freeculture.xml:9750 freeculture.xml:10842
 msgid "ISPs (Internet service providers), user identities revealed by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9180
+#: freeculture.xml:9495
 msgid "Conyers, John, Jr."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9181 freeculture.xml:9906
+#: freeculture.xml:9496 freeculture.xml:10253
 msgid "Berman, Howard L."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9149
+#: freeculture.xml:9464
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> For an excellent summary, see the "
 "report prepared by GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society "
@@ -12928,7 +13458,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9140
+#: freeculture.xml:9455
 msgid ""
 "We could respond by simply pretending that it is not a chimera. We could, "
 "with the RIAA, decide that every act of file sharing should be a felony. We "
@@ -12941,7 +13471,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9187
+#: freeculture.xml:9502
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, we could respond to file sharing the way many kids act as "
 "though we've responded. We could totally legalize it. Let there be no "
@@ -12951,7 +13481,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9194
+#: freeculture.xml:9509
 msgid ""
 "Either response is possible. I think either would be a mistake.  Rather than "
 "embrace one of these two extremes, we should embrace something that "
@@ -12965,7 +13495,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 190 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9206
+#: freeculture.xml:9521
 msgid ""
 "Yet zero tolerance is increasingly our government's policy. In the middle of "
 "the chaos that the Internet has created, an extraordinary land grab is "
@@ -12976,7 +13506,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9214
+#: freeculture.xml:9529
 msgid ""
 "I'm not talking about the opportunities for kids to <quote>steal</quote> "
 "music. My focus instead is the commercial and cultural innovation that this "
@@ -12990,14 +13520,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9227
+#: freeculture.xml:9542
 msgid ""
 "eMusic opposes music piracy. We are a distributor of copyrighted material, "
 "and we want to protect those rights."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9231
+#: freeculture.xml:9546
 msgid ""
 "But building a technology fortress that locks in the clout of the major "
 "labels is by no means the only way to protect copyright interests, nor is it "
@@ -13008,7 +13538,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9248
+#: freeculture.xml:9563
 msgid ""
 "WIPO and the DMCA One Year Later: Assessing Consumer Access to Digital "
 "Entertainment on the Internet and Other Media: Hearing Before the "
@@ -13019,7 +13549,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9238
+#: freeculture.xml:9553
 msgid ""
 "This is a critical point. The choices that industry sectors make with "
 "respect to these systems will in many ways directly shape the market for "
@@ -13032,12 +13562,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9262 freeculture.xml:9624
+#: freeculture.xml:9577 freeculture.xml:9948
 msgid "Vivendi Universal"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9259
+#: freeculture.xml:9574
 msgid ""
 "In April 2001, eMusic.com was purchased by Vivendi Universal, one of "
 "<quote>the major labels.</quote> Its position on these matters has now "
@@ -13045,7 +13575,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9265
+#: freeculture.xml:9580
 msgid ""
 "Reversing our tradition of tolerance now will not merely quash piracy. It "
 "will sacrifice values that are important to this culture, and will kill "
@@ -13053,12 +13583,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9273
+#: freeculture.xml:9588
 msgid "CHAPTER TWELVE: Harms"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9275
+#: freeculture.xml:9590
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>To fight</emphasis> <quote>piracy,</quote> to "
 "protect <quote>property,</quote> the content industry has launched a "
@@ -13069,7 +13599,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9283
+#: freeculture.xml:9598
 msgid ""
 "My aim so far has been to describe the consequences of this war, in "
 "particular, the consequences for <quote>free culture.</quote> But my aim now "
@@ -13078,7 +13608,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9289
+#: freeculture.xml:9604
 msgid ""
 "In my view, it is not. There is no good reason why this time, for the first "
 "time, the law should defend the old against the new, just when the power of "
@@ -13087,7 +13617,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9297
+#: freeculture.xml:9612
 msgid ""
 "Yet <quote>common sense</quote> does not see it this way. Common sense is "
 "still on the side of the Causbys and the content industry. The extreme "
@@ -13097,7 +13627,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 193 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9305
+#: freeculture.xml:9620
 msgid ""
 "There will be many consequences of continuing this war. I want to describe "
 "just three. All three might be said to be unintended. I am quite confident "
@@ -13107,12 +13637,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9312
+#: freeculture.xml:9627
 msgid "Constraining Creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9314
+#: freeculture.xml:9629
 msgid ""
 "In the next ten years we will see an explosion of digital technologies.  "
 "These technologies will enable almost anyone to capture and share "
@@ -13129,7 +13659,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9329
+#: freeculture.xml:9644
 msgid ""
 "This digital <quote>capturing and sharing</quote> is in part an extension of "
 "the capturing and sharing that has always been integral to our culture, and "
@@ -13144,7 +13674,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 194 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9340
+#: freeculture.xml:9655
 msgid ""
 "Technology has thus given us an opportunity to do something with culture "
 "that has only ever been possible for individuals in small groups, isolated "
@@ -13154,7 +13684,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9350
+#: freeculture.xml:9665
 msgid ""
 "Yet all this is possible only if the activity is presumptively legal. In the "
 "current regime of legal regulation, it is not. Forget file sharing for a "
@@ -13168,17 +13698,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9360 freeculture.xml:9383
+#: freeculture.xml:9675 freeculture.xml:9698
 msgid "Worldcom"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9363
+#: freeculture.xml:9678
 msgid "doctors malpractice claims against"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9378
+#: freeculture.xml:9693
 msgid ""
 "See Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at "
 "WorldCom</citetitle> (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2003), 176, 204; "
@@ -13189,12 +13719,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9399
+#: freeculture.xml:9714
 msgid "Bush, George W."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9390
+#: freeculture.xml:9705
 msgid ""
 "The bill, modeled after California's tort reform model, was passed in the "
 "House of Representatives but defeated in a Senate vote in July 2003. For an "
@@ -13208,7 +13738,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9366
+#: freeculture.xml:9681
 msgid ""
 "That presumption will increasingly chill creativity, as the examples of "
 "extreme penalties for vague infringements continue to proliferate. It is "
@@ -13229,13 +13759,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9405
+#: freeculture.xml:9720
 msgid "art, underground"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9426
+#: freeculture.xml:9741
 msgid ""
 "See Danit Lidor, <quote>Artists Just Wanna Be Free,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Wired</citetitle>, 7 July 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -13245,7 +13775,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9407
+#: freeculture.xml:9722
 msgid ""
 "The consequence of this legal uncertainty, tied to these extremely high "
 "penalties, is that an extraordinary amount of creativity will either never "
@@ -13265,7 +13795,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9437
+#: freeculture.xml:9752
 msgid ""
 "Part of the reason for this fear of illegality has to do with the changing "
 "law. I described that change in detail in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: "
@@ -13279,7 +13809,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9450
+#: freeculture.xml:9765
 msgid ""
 "Never in our history has a painter had to worry about whether his painting "
 "infringed on someone else's work; but the modern-day painter, using the "
@@ -13293,7 +13823,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9461
+#: freeculture.xml:9776
 msgid ""
 "Lawyers rarely see this because lawyers are rarely empirical. As I described "
 "in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"recorders\"/>, "
@@ -13304,7 +13834,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 196 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9472
+#: freeculture.xml:9787
 msgid ""
 "But fair use in America simply means the right to hire a lawyer to defend "
 "your right to create. And as lawyers love to forget, our system for "
@@ -13317,7 +13847,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9482
+#: freeculture.xml:9797
 msgid ""
 "Judges and lawyers can tell themselves that fair use provides adequate "
 "<quote>breathing room</quote> between regulation by the law and the access "
@@ -13330,7 +13860,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9493
+#: freeculture.xml:9808
 msgid ""
 "For in a world that threatens $150,000 for a single willful infringement of "
 "a copyright, and which demands tens of thousands of dollars to even defend "
@@ -13343,13 +13873,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9504
+#: freeculture.xml:9819
 msgid "As Jed Horovitz, the businessman behind Video Pipeline, said to me,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 197 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9508
+#: freeculture.xml:9823
 msgid ""
 "We're losing [creative] opportunities right and left. Creative people are "
 "being forced not to express themselves. Thoughts are not being "
@@ -13362,12 +13892,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9521
+#: freeculture.xml:9836
 msgid "Constraining Innovators"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9837
+msgid "innovation hampered by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9838
+msgid "industry establishment opposed to"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9523
+#: freeculture.xml:9841
 msgid ""
 "The story of the last section was a crunchy-lefty story&mdash;creativity "
 "quashed, artists who can't speak, yada yada yada. Maybe that doesn't get you "
@@ -13378,7 +13918,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9531
+#: freeculture.xml:9850
 msgid ""
 "But there's an aspect of this story that is not lefty in any sense.  Indeed, "
 "it is an aspect that could be written by the most extreme promarket "
@@ -13390,7 +13930,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9541
+#: freeculture.xml:9859
 msgid ""
 "The charge I've been making about the regulation of culture is the same "
 "charge free marketers make about regulating markets. Everyone, of course, "
@@ -13405,13 +13945,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9553 freeculture.xml:9661
+#: freeculture.xml:9872 freeculture.xml:9993 freeculture.xml:9999
 msgid "Barry, Hank"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9873 freeculture.xml:10005
+msgid "venture capitalists"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 198 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9555
+#: freeculture.xml:9875
 msgid ""
 "This is the single most dramatic effect of the shift in regulatory strategy "
 "that I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
@@ -13426,7 +13971,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9568
+#: freeculture.xml:9890
 msgid ""
 "Consider one example to make the point, a story whose beginning I told in "
 "<citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> and which has progressed in a way "
@@ -13434,12 +13979,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9572
+#: freeculture.xml:9894
+msgid "MP3.com"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9895
+msgid "my.mp3.com"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9896
 msgid "Roberts, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9574
+#: freeculture.xml:9898
 msgid ""
 "In 1997, Michael Roberts launched a company called MP3.com.  MP3.com was "
 "keen to remake the music business. Their goal was not just to facilitate new "
@@ -13450,12 +14005,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9582
+#: freeculture.xml:9906
 msgid "preference data on"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9584
+#: freeculture.xml:9908
 msgid ""
 "To make this system work, however, MP3.com needed a reliable way to "
 "recommend music to its users. The idea behind this alternative was to "
@@ -13465,7 +14020,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9591
+#: freeculture.xml:9915
 msgid ""
 "This idea required a simple way to gather data about user preferences.  "
 "MP3.com came up with an extraordinarily clever way to gather this preference "
@@ -13480,7 +14035,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 199 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9603
+#: freeculture.xml:9927
 msgid ""
 "No doubt some could use this system to illegally copy content. But that "
 "opportunity existed with or without MP3.com. The aim of the my.mp3.com "
@@ -13490,7 +14045,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9613
+#: freeculture.xml:9937
 msgid ""
 "To make this system function, however, MP3.com needed to copy 50,000 CDs to "
 "a server. (In principle, it could have been the user who uploaded the music, "
@@ -13503,8 +14058,18 @@ msgid ""
 "something they had already bought."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9949 freeculture.xml:9994
+msgid "distribution technology targeted in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9954
+msgid "outsize penalties of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9626
+#: freeculture.xml:9956
 msgid ""
 "Nine days after MP3.com launched its service, the five major labels, headed "
 "by the RIAA, brought a lawsuit against MP3.com. MP3.com settled with four of "
@@ -13516,12 +14081,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9636
+#: freeculture.xml:9966
 msgid "That part of the story I have told before. Now consider its conclusion."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9639
+#: freeculture.xml:9969
 msgid ""
 "After Vivendi purchased MP3.com, Vivendi turned around and filed a "
 "malpractice lawsuit against the lawyers who had advised it that they had a "
@@ -13534,7 +14099,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 200 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9649
+#: freeculture.xml:9980
 msgid ""
 "The clear purpose of this lawsuit (which was settled for an unspecified "
 "amount shortly after the story was no longer covered in the press) was to "
@@ -13546,18 +14111,43 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9660
+#: freeculture.xml:9995
+msgid "BMW"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9996
+msgid "cars, MP3 sound systems in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9998
 msgid "Hummer, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9662
+#: freeculture.xml:10000
 msgid "Hummer Winblad"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10001
+msgid "MP3 players"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10002
+msgid "venture capital for"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10003 freeculture.xml:10049
+msgid "Needleman, Rafe"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9672
+#: freeculture.xml:10013
 msgid ""
 "See Joseph Menn, <quote>Universal, EMI Sue Napster Investor,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 23 April 2003. For a parallel "
@@ -13570,7 +14160,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9666
+#: freeculture.xml:10007
 msgid ""
 "This strategy is not just limited to the lawyers. In April 2003, Universal "
 "and EMI brought a lawsuit against Hummer Winblad, the venture capital firm "
@@ -13589,23 +14179,8 @@ msgid ""
 "Rafe Needleman describes a discussion with BMW:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9694
-msgid "BMW"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9695
-msgid "cars, MP3 sound system in"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9710
-msgid "Needleman, Rafe"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9706
+#: freeculture.xml:10045
 msgid ""
 "Rafe Needleman, <quote>Driving in Cars with MP3s,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Business 2.0</citetitle>, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -13615,7 +14190,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9697
+#: freeculture.xml:10036
 msgid ""
 "I asked why, with all the storage capacity and computer power in the car, "
 "there was no way to play MP3 files. I was told that BMW engineers in Germany "
@@ -13627,7 +14202,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9715
+#: freeculture.xml:10057
 msgid ""
 "This is the world of the mafia&mdash;filled with <quote>your money or your "
 "life</quote> offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats "
@@ -13639,7 +14214,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 201 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9725
+#: freeculture.xml:10067
 msgid ""
 "The point is not that businesses should have a right to start illegal "
 "enterprises. The point is the definition of <quote>illegal.</quote> The law "
@@ -13655,7 +14230,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9740
+#: freeculture.xml:10082
 msgid ""
 "The point is directly parallel to the crunchy-lefty point about fair "
 "use. Whatever the <quote>real</quote> law is, realism about the effect of "
@@ -13670,7 +14245,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 202 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9752
+#: freeculture.xml:10094
 msgid ""
 "The building of a permission culture, rather than a free culture, is the "
 "first important way in which the changes I have described will burden "
@@ -13689,7 +14264,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9771
+#: freeculture.xml:10113
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The uncertainty</emphasis> of the law is one burden "
 "on innovation. There is a second burden that operates more directly. This is "
@@ -13699,7 +14274,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9778
+#: freeculture.xml:10120
 msgid ""
 "The motivation for this response is obvious. The Internet enables the "
 "efficient spread of content. That efficiency is a feature of the Internet's "
@@ -13713,7 +14288,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9793
+#: freeculture.xml:10135
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,</quote> "
 "GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law "
@@ -13723,12 +14298,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9806
+#: freeculture.xml:10148
 msgid "GartnerG2, 26&ndash;27."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9789
+#: freeculture.xml:10131
 msgid ""
 "The examples of this form of legislation are many. At the urging of the "
 "content industry, some in Congress have threatened legislation that would "
@@ -13746,7 +14321,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 203 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9810
+#: freeculture.xml:10152
 msgid ""
 "In one sense, these solutions seem sensible. If the problem is the code, why "
 "not regulate the code to remove the problem. But any regulation of technical "
@@ -13756,20 +14331,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9819 freeculture.xml:11665
+#: freeculture.xml:10161 freeculture.xml:12036
 msgid "Intel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9825
+#: freeculture.xml:10167
 msgid ""
 "See David McGuire, <quote>Tech Execs Square Off Over Piracy,</quote> "
 "Newsbytes, February 2002 (Entertainment)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9821
+#: freeculture.xml:10163
 msgid ""
 "In March 2002, a broad coalition of technology companies, led by Intel, "
 "tried to get Congress to see the harm that such legislation would "
@@ -13779,7 +14354,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9833
+#: freeculture.xml:10175
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There is one</emphasis> more obvious way in which "
 "this war has harmed innovation&mdash;again, a story that will be quite "
@@ -13787,7 +14362,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9838
+#: freeculture.xml:10180
 msgid ""
 "Copyright may be property, but like all property, it is also a form of "
 "regulation. It is a regulation that benefits some and harms others.  When "
@@ -13795,15 +14370,21 @@ msgid ""
 "regulation the powerful use to defeat competitors."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10198
+msgid "Digital Copyright (Litman)"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9852
+#: freeculture.xml:10196
 msgid ""
 "Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (Amherst, N.Y.: "
-"Prometheus Books, 2001).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Prometheus Books, 2001).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9846
+#: freeculture.xml:10190
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, despite this feature of copyright as regulation, "
@@ -13817,7 +14398,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9863
+#: freeculture.xml:10208
 msgid ""
 "But that pattern of deference to new technologies has now changed with the "
 "rise of the Internet. Rather than striking a balance between the claims of a "
@@ -13826,13 +14407,18 @@ msgid ""
 "effect of smothering the new to benefit the old."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10214
+msgid "radio on"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9872
+#: freeculture.xml:10219
 msgid "Grokster, Ltd."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9872
+#: freeculture.xml:10219
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> The only circuit court exception "
 "is found in <citetitle>Recording Industry Association of America "
@@ -13851,17 +14437,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9891
+#: freeculture.xml:10238
 msgid "Tauzin, Billy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9907
+#: freeculture.xml:10254
 msgid "Hollings, Fritz"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9891
+#: freeculture.xml:10238
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> For example, in July 2002, "
 "Representative Howard Berman introduced the Peer-to-Peer Piracy Prevention "
@@ -13882,7 +14468,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9870
+#: freeculture.xml:10217
 msgid ""
 "The response by the courts has been fairly universal.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It has been mirrored in the responses "
@@ -13894,7 +14480,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 204 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9918
+#: freeculture.xml:10265
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"pirates\"/>, when a radio station plays a song, the recording "
@@ -13908,7 +14494,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9929
+#: freeculture.xml:10276
 msgid ""
 "The reasoning behind this balance struck by Congress makes some sense. The "
 "justification was that radio was a kind of advertising. The recording artist "
@@ -13921,7 +14507,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9940
+#: freeculture.xml:10287
 msgid ""
 "Enter Internet radio. Like regular radio, Internet radio is a technology to "
 "stream content from a broadcaster to a listener. The broadcast travels "
@@ -13932,7 +14518,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9949
+#: freeculture.xml:10296
 msgid ""
 "This feature of the architecture of Internet radio means that there are "
 "potentially an unlimited number of radio stations that a user could tune in "
@@ -13948,7 +14534,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 205 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9965
+#: freeculture.xml:10312
 msgid ""
 "Internet radio is thus to radio what FM was to AM. It is an improvement "
 "potentially vastly more significant than the FM improvement over AM, since "
@@ -13960,12 +14546,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9989
+#: freeculture.xml:10336
 msgid "Lessing, 239."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9975
+#: freeculture.xml:10322
 msgid ""
 "An almost unlimited number of FM stations was possible in the shortwaves, "
 "thus ending the unnatural restrictions imposed on radio in the crowded "
@@ -13983,12 +14569,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9999
+#: freeculture.xml:10346
 msgid "Ibid., 229."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9994
+#: freeculture.xml:10341
 msgid ""
 "This potential for FM radio was never realized&mdash;not because Armstrong "
 "was wrong about the technology, but because he underestimated the power of "
@@ -13998,7 +14584,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10004
+#: freeculture.xml:10351
 msgid ""
 "Now the very same claim could be made about Internet radio. For again, there "
 "is no technical limitation that could restrict the number of Internet radio "
@@ -14007,9 +14593,24 @@ msgid ""
 "what copyright rules would govern Internet radio?"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10360
+msgid "on radio"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10364
+msgid "Internet radio hampered by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10365 freeculture.xml:10518
+msgid "on Internet radio fees"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 206 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10013
+#: freeculture.xml:10368
 msgid ""
 "But here the power of the lobbyists is reversed. Internet radio is a new "
 "industry. The recording artists, on the other hand, have a very powerful "
@@ -14024,12 +14625,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10052
+#: freeculture.xml:10407
 msgid "CARP (Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10035
+#: freeculture.xml:10390
 msgid ""
 "This example was derived from fees set by the original Copyright Arbitration "
 "Royalty Panel (CARP) proceedings, and is drawn from an example offered by "
@@ -14051,7 +14652,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10028
+#: freeculture.xml:10383
 msgid ""
 "This financial burden is not slight. As Harvard law professor William Fisher "
 "estimates, if an Internet radio station distributed adfree popular music to "
@@ -14062,7 +14663,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10060
+#: freeculture.xml:10419
 msgid ""
 "The burden is not financial only. Under the original rules that were "
 "proposed, an Internet radio station (but not a terrestrial radio station) "
@@ -14071,57 +14672,57 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10068
+#: freeculture.xml:10427
 msgid "name of the service;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10071
+#: freeculture.xml:10430
 msgid "channel of the program (AM/FM stations use station ID);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10074
+#: freeculture.xml:10433
 msgid "type of program (archived/looped/live);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10077
+#: freeculture.xml:10436
 msgid "date of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10080
+#: freeculture.xml:10439
 msgid "time of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10083
+#: freeculture.xml:10442
 msgid "time zone of origination of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10086
+#: freeculture.xml:10445
 msgid "numeric designation of the place of the sound recording within the program;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10089
+#: freeculture.xml:10448
 msgid "duration of transmission (to nearest second);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10092
+#: freeculture.xml:10451
 msgid "sound recording title;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10095
+#: freeculture.xml:10454
 msgid "ISRC code of the recording;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10098
+#: freeculture.xml:10457
 msgid ""
 "release year of the album per copyright notice and in the case of "
 "compilation albums, the release year of the album and copy- right date of "
@@ -14129,77 +14730,77 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10101
+#: freeculture.xml:10460
 msgid "featured recording artist;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10104
+#: freeculture.xml:10463
 msgid "retail album title;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10107
+#: freeculture.xml:10466
 msgid "recording label;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10110
+#: freeculture.xml:10469
 msgid "UPC code of the retail album;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10113
+#: freeculture.xml:10472
 msgid "catalog number;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10116
+#: freeculture.xml:10475
 msgid "copyright owner information;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10119
+#: freeculture.xml:10478
 msgid "musical genre of the channel or program (station format);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10122
+#: freeculture.xml:10481
 msgid "name of the service or entity;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10125
+#: freeculture.xml:10484
 msgid "channel or program;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10128
+#: freeculture.xml:10487
 msgid "date and time that the user logged in (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10131
+#: freeculture.xml:10490
 msgid "date and time that the user logged out (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10134
+#: freeculture.xml:10493
 msgid "time zone where the signal was received (user);"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10137
+#: freeculture.xml:10496
 msgid "unique user identifier;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10140
+#: freeculture.xml:10499
 msgid "the country in which the user received the transmissions."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10145
+#: freeculture.xml:10504
 msgid ""
 "The Librarian of Congress eventually suspended these reporting requirements, "
 "pending further study. And he also changed the original rates set by the "
@@ -14210,7 +14811,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10153
+#: freeculture.xml:10512
 msgid ""
 "Why? What justifies this difference? Was there any study of the economic "
 "consequences from Internet radio that would justify these differences? Was "
@@ -14218,12 +14819,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:14866
+#: freeculture.xml:10516 freeculture.xml:15287
 msgid "Real Networks"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10160
+#: freeculture.xml:10522
 msgid ""
 "In a rare bit of candor, one RIAA expert admitted what seemed obvious to "
 "everyone at the time. As Alex Alben, vice president for Public Policy at "
@@ -14232,7 +14833,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 208 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10166
+#: freeculture.xml:10528
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA, which was representing the record labels, presented some testimony "
 "about what they thought a willing buyer would pay to a willing seller, and "
@@ -14246,7 +14847,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10182
+#: freeculture.xml:10544
 msgid ""
 "And the RIAA experts said, <quote>Well, we don't really model this as an "
 "industry with thousands of webcasters, <emphasis>we think it should be an "
@@ -14255,7 +14856,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10191
+#: freeculture.xml:10556
 msgid ""
 "Translation: The aim is to use the law to eliminate competition, so that "
 "this platform of potentially immense competition, which would cause the "
@@ -14266,12 +14867,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10201
+#: freeculture.xml:10572
 msgid "Corrupting Citizens"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10203
+#: freeculture.xml:10574
 msgid ""
 "Overregulation stifles creativity. It smothers innovation. It gives "
 "dinosaurs a veto over the future. It wastes the extraordinary opportunity "
@@ -14279,7 +14880,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10209
+#: freeculture.xml:10580
 msgid ""
 "In addition to these important harms, there is one more that was important "
 "to our forebears, but seems forgotten today. Overregulation corrupts "
@@ -14288,7 +14889,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10218
+#: freeculture.xml:10589
 msgid ""
 "Mike Graziano and Lee Rainie, <quote>The Music Downloading Deluge,</quote> "
 "Pew Internet and American Life Project (24 April 2001), available at <ulink "
@@ -14299,7 +14900,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 209 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10214
+#: freeculture.xml:10585
 msgid ""
 "The war that is being waged today is a war of prohibition. As with every war "
 "of prohibition, it is targeted against the behavior of a very large number "
@@ -14317,7 +14918,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10252
+#: freeculture.xml:10623
 msgid ""
 "Alex Pham, <quote>The Labels Strike Back: N.Y. Girl Settles RIAA "
 "Case,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, "
@@ -14325,7 +14926,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10239
+#: freeculture.xml:10610
 msgid ""
 "The content industry's tactics exploit the failings of the American legal "
 "system. When the RIAA brought suit against Jesse Jordan, it knew that in "
@@ -14347,13 +14948,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10263
+#: freeculture.xml:10634
 msgid "alcohol prohibition"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10275
+#: freeculture.xml:10646
 msgid ""
 "Jeffrey A. Miron and Jeffrey Zwiebel, <quote>Alcohol Consumption During "
 "Prohibition,</quote> <citetitle>American Economic Review</citetitle> 81, "
@@ -14362,7 +14963,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10283
+#: freeculture.xml:10654
 msgid ""
 "National Drug Control Policy: Hearing Before the House Government Reform "
 "Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (5 March 2003) (statement of John "
@@ -14371,7 +14972,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10293
+#: freeculture.xml:10664
 msgid ""
 "See James Andreoni, Brian Erard, and Jonathon Feinstein, <quote>Tax "
 "Compliance,</quote> <citetitle>Journal of Economic Literature</citetitle> 36 "
@@ -14379,7 +14980,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10265
+#: freeculture.xml:10636
 msgid ""
 "Wars of prohibition are nothing new in America. This one is just something "
 "more extreme than anything we've seen before. We experimented with alcohol "
@@ -14402,12 +15003,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10301
+#: freeculture.xml:10672
 msgid "law schools"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10303
+#: freeculture.xml:10674
 msgid ""
 "This state of affairs is not without consequence. It is a particularly "
 "salient issue for teachers like me, whose job it is to teach law students "
@@ -14426,7 +15027,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10320
+#: freeculture.xml:10691
 msgid ""
 "The response to this general illegality is either to enforce the law more "
 "severely or to change the law. We, as a society, have to learn how to make "
@@ -14440,7 +15041,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 211 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10333
+#: freeculture.xml:10704
 msgid ""
 "My point is not the idiotic one: Just because people violate a law, we "
 "should therefore repeal it. Obviously, we could reduce murder statistics "
@@ -14450,7 +15051,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10340
+#: freeculture.xml:10711
 msgid ""
 "My point is instead one that democracies understood for generations, but "
 "that we recently have learned to forget. The rule of law depends upon people "
@@ -14467,7 +15068,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10354
+#: freeculture.xml:10725
 msgid ""
 "When at least forty-three million citizens download content from the "
 "Internet, and when they use tools to combine that content in ways "
@@ -14481,13 +15082,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10366
+#: freeculture.xml:10737
 msgid "This abstract point can be made more clear with a particular example."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 212 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10369
+#: freeculture.xml:10740
 msgid ""
 "We all own CDs. Many of us still own phonograph records. These pieces of "
 "plastic encode music that in a certain sense we have bought.  The law "
@@ -14498,7 +15099,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10380
+#: freeculture.xml:10751
 msgid ""
 "But as the MP3 craze has demonstrated, there is another use of phonograph "
 "records that is effectively free. Because these recordings were made without "
@@ -14510,17 +15111,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10388
+#: freeculture.xml:10759
 msgid "Andromeda"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10389
+#: freeculture.xml:10760
 msgid "mix technology and"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10391
+#: freeculture.xml:10762
 msgid ""
 "This <quote>use</quote> of my records is certainly valuable. I have begun a "
 "large process at home of ripping all of my and my wife's CDs, and storing "
@@ -14534,7 +15135,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10402
+#: freeculture.xml:10773
 msgid ""
 "This use is enabled by unprotected media&mdash;either CDs or records.  But "
 "unprotected media also enable file sharing. File sharing threatens (or so "
@@ -14547,7 +15148,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 213 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10412
+#: freeculture.xml:10783
 msgid ""
 "If these technologies took off, then the building of large archives of your "
 "own music would become quite difficult. You might hang in hacker circles, "
@@ -14561,7 +15162,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10427
+#: freeculture.xml:10798
 msgid ""
 "If the only way to assure that artists get paid were the elimination of the "
 "ability to freely move content, then these technologies to interfere with "
@@ -14573,7 +15174,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10436
+#: freeculture.xml:10807
 msgid ""
 "My point just now is not to prove that there is such a system. I offer a "
 "version of such a system in the last chapter of this book. For now, the only "
@@ -14586,7 +15187,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10447
+#: freeculture.xml:10818
 msgid ""
 "I believe there is a way to assure that artists are paid without turning "
 "forty-three million Americans into felons. But the salient feature of this "
@@ -14598,7 +15199,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10456
+#: freeculture.xml:10827
 msgid ""
 "Except that this generation's buggy manufacturers have already saddled "
 "Congress, and are riding the law to protect themselves against this new form "
@@ -14608,7 +15209,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 214 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10462
+#: freeculture.xml:10833
 msgid ""
 "It is understandable why they choose as they do. It is not understandable "
 "why we as a democracy continue to choose as we do. Jack Valenti is charming; "
@@ -14617,7 +15218,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10473
+#: freeculture.xml:10844
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There's one more</emphasis> aspect to this "
 "corruption that is particularly important to civil liberties, and follows "
@@ -14629,19 +15230,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10481 freeculture.xml:10581
+#: freeculture.xml:10852 freeculture.xml:10952
 msgid "von Lohmann, Fred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10483
+#: freeculture.xml:10854
 msgid ""
 "<quote>If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,</quote> von "
 "Lohmann explains,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10488
+#: freeculture.xml:10859
 msgid ""
 "then all of a sudden a lot of basic civil liberty protections evaporate to "
 "one degree or another. &hellip; If you're a copyright infringer, how can you "
@@ -14655,7 +15256,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10500
+#: freeculture.xml:10871
 msgid ""
 "And the consequence of this transformation of the American public into "
 "criminals is that it becomes trivial, as a matter of due process, to "
@@ -14663,7 +15264,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10505
+#: freeculture.xml:10876
 msgid ""
 "Users of the Internet began to see this generally in 2003 as the RIAA "
 "launched its campaign to force Internet service providers to turn over the "
@@ -14675,7 +15276,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10523
+#: freeculture.xml:10894
 msgid ""
 "See Frank Ahrens, <quote>RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single "
 "Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,</quote> "
@@ -14692,7 +15293,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10514
+#: freeculture.xml:10885
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA then expanded this campaign, by announcing a general strategy to "
 "sue individual users of the Internet who are alleged to have downloaded "
@@ -14706,7 +15307,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10541
+#: freeculture.xml:10912
 msgid ""
 "See <quote>Revealed: How RIAA Tracks Downloaders: Music Industry Discloses "
 "Some Methods Used,</quote> CNN.com, available at <ulink "
@@ -14714,7 +15315,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10537
+#: freeculture.xml:10908
 msgid ""
 "Even this understates the espionage that is being waged by the RIAA. A "
 "report from CNN late last summer described a strategy the RIAA had adopted "
@@ -14726,7 +15327,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10562
+#: freeculture.xml:10933
 msgid ""
 "See Jeff Adler, <quote>Cambridge: On Campus, Pirates Are Not "
 "Penitent,</quote> <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 18 May 2003, City "
@@ -14749,7 +15350,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10550
+#: freeculture.xml:10921
 msgid ""
 "So imagine the following not-implausible scenario: Imagine a friend gives a "
 "CD to your daughter&mdash;a collection of songs just like the cassettes you "
@@ -14767,7 +15368,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 216 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10583
+#: freeculture.xml:10954
 msgid ""
 "Now, of course, she'll have the right to defend herself. You can hire a "
 "lawyer for her (at $300 per hour, if you're lucky), and she can plead that "
@@ -14781,7 +15382,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10598
+#: freeculture.xml:10969
 msgid ""
 "So when we're talking about numbers like forty to sixty million Americans "
 "that are essentially copyright infringers, you create a situation where the "
@@ -14802,7 +15403,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10618
+#: freeculture.xml:10989
 msgid ""
 "When forty to sixty million Americans are considered "
 "<quote>criminals</quote> under the law, and when the law could achieve the "
@@ -14813,12 +15414,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10631
+#: freeculture.xml:11002
 msgid "BALANCES"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10636
+#: freeculture.xml:11007
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>So here's</emphasis> the picture: You're standing at "
 "the side of the road. Your car is on fire. You are angry and upset because "
@@ -14828,7 +15429,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10643
+#: freeculture.xml:11014
 msgid ""
 "As you ponder the mess, someone else comes along. In a panic, she grabs the "
 "bucket. Before you have a chance to tell her to stop&mdash;or before she "
@@ -14838,7 +15439,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10651
+#: freeculture.xml:11022
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>A war</emphasis> about copyright rages all "
 "around&mdash;and we're all focusing on the wrong thing. No doubt, current "
@@ -14851,7 +15452,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 219 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10661
+#: freeculture.xml:11032
 msgid ""
 "Yet policy makers are not willing to leave this fire to itself. Primed with "
 "plenty of lobbyists' money, they are keen to intervene to eliminate the "
@@ -14861,7 +15462,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10669
+#: freeculture.xml:11040
 msgid ""
 "Somehow we have to find a way to turn attention to this more important and "
 "fundamental issue. Somehow we have to find a way to avoid pouring gasoline "
@@ -14869,7 +15470,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10674
+#: freeculture.xml:11045
 msgid ""
 "We have not found that way yet. Instead, we seem trapped in a simpler, "
 "binary view. However much many people push to frame this debate more "
@@ -14878,7 +15479,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10680
+#: freeculture.xml:11051
 msgid ""
 "This challenge has been my life these last few years. It has also been my "
 "failure. In the two chapters that follow, I describe one small brace of "
@@ -14887,17 +15488,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10690
+#: freeculture.xml:11061
 msgid "CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Eldred"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10691
+#: freeculture.xml:11062
 msgid "Hawthorne, Nathaniel"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10693
+#: freeculture.xml:11064
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In 1995</emphasis>, a father was frustrated that his "
 "daughters didn't seem to like Hawthorne. No doubt there was more than one "
@@ -14909,7 +15510,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10702
+#: freeculture.xml:11073
 msgid ""
 "It didn't work&mdash;at least for his daughters. They didn't find Hawthorne "
 "any more interesting than before. But Eldred's experiment gave birth to a "
@@ -14919,7 +15520,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 221 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10711
+#: freeculture.xml:11082
 msgid ""
 "Eldred's library was not simply a copy of certain public domain works, "
 "though even a copy would have been of great value to people across the world "
@@ -14931,7 +15532,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10722
+#: freeculture.xml:11093
 msgid ""
 "Eldred's freedom to do this with Hawthorne's work grew from the same source "
 "as Disney's. Hawthorne's <citetitle>Scarlet Letter</citetitle> had passed "
@@ -14947,12 +15548,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10747 freeculture.xml:11764
+#: freeculture.xml:11118 freeculture.xml:12135
 msgid "pornography"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10747
+#: freeculture.xml:11118
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> There's a parallel here with "
 "pornography that is a bit hard to describe, but it's a strong one. One "
@@ -14971,7 +15572,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10736
+#: freeculture.xml:11107
 msgid ""
 "The Internet created the possibility of noncommercial publications of public "
 "domain works. Eldred's is just one example. There are literally thousands of "
@@ -14986,7 +15587,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10765
+#: freeculture.xml:11136
 msgid ""
 "As I said, Eldred lives in New Hampshire. In 1998, Robert Frost's collection "
 "of poems <citetitle>New Hampshire</citetitle> was slated to pass into the "
@@ -15002,17 +15603,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10778 freeculture.xml:10788
+#: freeculture.xml:11149 freeculture.xml:11159
 msgid "Bono, Mary"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10779 freeculture.xml:10789
+#: freeculture.xml:11150 freeculture.xml:11160
 msgid "Bono, Sonny"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10788
+#: freeculture.xml:11159
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 "id=\"1\"/> The full text is: <quote>Sonny [Bono] wanted the term of "
@@ -15025,7 +15626,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10783
+#: freeculture.xml:11154
 msgid ""
 "This was the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), enacted in "
 "memory of the congressman and former musician Sonny Bono, who, his widow, "
@@ -15034,7 +15635,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10801
+#: freeculture.xml:11172
 msgid ""
 "Eldred decided to fight this law. He first resolved to fight it through "
 "civil disobedience. In a series of interviews, Eldred announced that he "
@@ -15045,7 +15646,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10810
+#: freeculture.xml:11181
 msgid ""
 "It was here that I became involved in Eldred's battle. I was a "
 "constitutional scholar whose first passion was constitutional "
@@ -15055,7 +15656,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10821
+#: freeculture.xml:11192
 msgid ""
 "Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science &hellip; by "
 "securing for limited Times to Authors &hellip; exclusive Right to their "
@@ -15063,7 +15664,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10827
+#: freeculture.xml:11198
 msgid ""
 "As I've described, this clause is unique within the power-granting clause of "
 "Article I, section 8 of our Constitution. Every other clause granting power "
@@ -15077,13 +15678,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10836 freeculture.xml:12326
+#: freeculture.xml:11207 freeculture.xml:12697
 msgid "Jaszi, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 223 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10838
+#: freeculture.xml:11209
 msgid ""
 "In the past forty years, Congress has gotten into the practice of extending "
 "existing terms of copyright protection. What puzzled me about this was, if "
@@ -15096,7 +15697,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10849
+#: freeculture.xml:11220
 msgid ""
 "As an academic, my first response was to hit the books. I remember sitting "
 "late at the office, scouring on-line databases for any serious consideration "
@@ -15109,7 +15710,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10860
+#: freeculture.xml:11231
 msgid ""
 "For this is the core of the corruption in our present system of "
 "government. <quote>Corruption</quote> not in the sense that representatives "
@@ -15121,7 +15722,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10869
+#: freeculture.xml:11240
 msgid ""
 "If that's not obvious to you, consider the following: Say you're one of the "
 "very few lucky copyright owners whose copyright continues to make money one "
@@ -15133,7 +15734,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10879
+#: freeculture.xml:11250
 msgid ""
 "So imagine the Robert Frost estate is earning $100,000 a year from three of "
 "Frost's poems. And imagine the copyright for those poems is about to "
@@ -15143,7 +15744,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 224 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10886
+#: freeculture.xml:11257
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Next year,</quote> the adviser announces, <quote>our copyrights in "
 "works A, B, and C will expire. That means that after next year, we will no "
@@ -15152,7 +15753,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10894
+#: freeculture.xml:11265
 msgid ""
 "<quote>There's a proposal in Congress, however,</quote> she continues, "
 "<quote>that could change this. A few congressmen are floating a bill to "
@@ -15161,14 +15762,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10900
+#: freeculture.xml:11271
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Hope?</quote> a fellow board member says. <quote>Can't we be doing "
 "something about it?</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10904
+#: freeculture.xml:11275
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Well, obviously, yes,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>We could "
 "contribute to the campaigns of a number of representatives to try to assure "
@@ -15176,7 +15777,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10909
+#: freeculture.xml:11280
 msgid ""
 "You hate politics. You hate contributing to campaigns. So you want to know "
 "whether this disgusting practice is worth it. <quote>How much would we get "
@@ -15185,7 +15786,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10915
+#: freeculture.xml:11286
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Well,</quote> the adviser says, <quote>if you're confident that you "
 "will continue to get at least $100,000 a year from these copyrights, and you "
@@ -15194,14 +15795,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10921
+#: freeculture.xml:11292
 msgid ""
 "You're a bit shocked by the number, but you quickly come to the correct "
 "conclusion:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10925
+#: freeculture.xml:11296
 msgid ""
 "<quote>So you're saying it would be worth it for us to pay more than "
 "$1,000,000 in campaign contributions if we were confident those "
@@ -15209,7 +15810,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10931
+#: freeculture.xml:11302
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Absolutely,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>It is worth it to "
 "you to contribute up to the `present value' of the income you expect from "
@@ -15218,7 +15819,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 225 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10937
+#: freeculture.xml:11308
 msgid ""
 "You quickly get the point&mdash;you as the member of the board and, I trust, "
 "you the reader. Each time copyrights are about to expire, every beneficiary "
@@ -15230,7 +15831,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10948
+#: freeculture.xml:11319
 msgid ""
 "Thus a congressional perpetual motion machine: So long as legislation can be "
 "bought (albeit indirectly), there will be all the incentive in the world to "
@@ -15239,7 +15840,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10960
+#: freeculture.xml:11331
 msgid ""
 "Associated Press, <quote>Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey "
 "Mouse Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,</quote> "
@@ -15248,7 +15849,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10967
+#: freeculture.xml:11338
 msgid ""
 "See Nick Brown, <quote>Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information "
 "Age,</quote> available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
@@ -15257,7 +15858,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10975
+#: freeculture.xml:11346
 msgid ""
 "Alan K. Ota, <quote>Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8 August 1990, "
@@ -15265,7 +15866,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10953
+#: freeculture.xml:11324
 msgid ""
 "In the lobbying that led to the passage of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term "
 "Extension Act, this <quote>theory</quote> about incentives was proved "
@@ -15280,7 +15881,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10982
+#: freeculture.xml:11353
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Constitutional law</emphasis> is not oblivious to "
 "the obvious. Or at least, it need not be. So when I was considering Eldred's "
@@ -15295,7 +15896,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 226 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10994
+#: freeculture.xml:11365
 msgid ""
 "It was also my judgment that <emphasis>this</emphasis> Supreme Court would "
 "not allow Congress to extend existing terms. As anyone close to the Supreme "
@@ -15307,7 +15908,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11007
+#: freeculture.xml:11378
 msgid ""
 "Since 1937, the Supreme Court had interpreted Congress's granted powers very "
 "broadly; so, while the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate "
@@ -15317,7 +15918,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11017
+#: freeculture.xml:11388
 msgid ""
 "As the economy grew, this standard increasingly meant that there was no "
 "limit to Congress's power to regulate, since just about every activity, when "
@@ -15327,12 +15928,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11023 freeculture.xml:11813
+#: freeculture.xml:11394 freeculture.xml:12184
 msgid "Rehnquist, William H."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11025
+#: freeculture.xml:11396
 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice Rehnquist's command, changed that in "
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. The "
@@ -15348,7 +15949,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11040
+#: freeculture.xml:11411
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>, 514 "
 "U.S. 549, 564 (1995)."
@@ -15356,14 +15957,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11047
+#: freeculture.xml:11418
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Morrison</citetitle>, 529 "
 "U.S. 598 (2000)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11038
+#: freeculture.xml:11409
 msgid ""
 "<quote>We pause to consider the implications of the government's "
 "arguments,</quote> the Chief Justice wrote.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -15376,7 +15977,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11054
+#: freeculture.xml:11425
 msgid ""
 "If it is a principle about enumerated powers, then the principle carries "
 "from one enumerated power to another. The animating point in the context of "
@@ -15391,7 +15992,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 227 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11051
+#: freeculture.xml:11422
 msgid ""
 "If a principle were at work here, then it should apply to the Progress "
 "Clause as much as the Commerce Clause.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -15405,7 +16006,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11075
+#: freeculture.xml:11446
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>If</emphasis>, that is, the principle announced in "
 "<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> stood for a principle.  Many believed the "
@@ -15420,18 +16021,8 @@ msgid ""
 "these nine Justices were going to be petty politicians."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11087
-msgid "copyright purpose established in"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11088
-msgid "constitutional purpose of"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11092
+#: freeculture.xml:11463
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Now let's pause</emphasis> for a moment to make sure "
 "we understand what the argument in <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was not "
@@ -15451,13 +16042,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11109
+#: freeculture.xml:11480
 msgid "Nashville Songwriters Association"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11117
+#: freeculture.xml:11488
 msgid ""
 "Brief of the Nashville Songwriters Association, "
 "<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S.  "
@@ -15466,7 +16057,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11111
+#: freeculture.xml:11482
 msgid ""
 "Some people view the public domain with contempt. In their brief before the "
 "Supreme Court, the Nashville Songwriters Association wrote that the public "
@@ -15478,7 +16069,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11127
+#: freeculture.xml:11498
 msgid ""
 "As we've seen, our constitutional system requires limits on copyright as a "
 "way to assure that copyright holders do not too heavily influence the "
@@ -15490,7 +16081,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11139
+#: freeculture.xml:11510
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It is valuable</emphasis> copyrights that are "
 "responsible for terms being extended.  Mickey Mouse and <quote>Rhapsody in "
@@ -15505,7 +16096,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11157
+#: freeculture.xml:11528
 msgid ""
 "The figure of 2 percent is an extrapolation from the study by the "
 "Congressional Research Service, in light of the estimated renewal "
@@ -15515,7 +16106,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11151
+#: freeculture.xml:11522
 msgid ""
 "If you look at the work created in the first twenty years (1923 to 1942) "
 "affected by the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, 2 percent of that "
@@ -15527,7 +16118,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 229 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11166
+#: freeculture.xml:11537
 msgid ""
 "Think practically about the consequence of this extension&mdash;practically, "
 "as a businessperson, and not as a lawyer eager for more legal work. In 1930, "
@@ -15538,7 +16129,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11179
+#: freeculture.xml:11550
 msgid ""
 "Well, first, you'd have to determine which of the 9,873 books were still "
 "under copyright. That requires going to a library (these data are not "
@@ -15549,14 +16140,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11187
+#: freeculture.xml:11558
 msgid ""
 "Then for the books still under copyright, you would need to locate the "
 "current copyright owners. How would you do that?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11191
+#: freeculture.xml:11562
 msgid ""
 "Most people think that there must be a list of these copyright owners "
 "somewhere. Practical people think this way. How could there be thousands and "
@@ -15564,7 +16155,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11198
+#: freeculture.xml:11569
 msgid ""
 "But there is no list. There may be a name from 1930, and then in 1959, of "
 "the person who registered the copyright. But just think practically about "
@@ -15574,7 +16165,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11207
+#: freeculture.xml:11578
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But there isn't a list of who owns property generally,</quote> the "
 "apologists for the system respond. <quote>Why should there be a list of "
@@ -15582,7 +16173,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11212
+#: freeculture.xml:11583
 msgid ""
 "Well, actually, if you think about it, there <emphasis>are</emphasis> plenty "
 "of lists of who owns what property. Think about deeds on houses, or titles "
@@ -15594,7 +16185,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 230 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11221
+#: freeculture.xml:11592
 msgid ""
 "So: You walk down a street and see a house. You can know who owns the house "
 "by looking it up in the courthouse registry. If you see a car, there is "
@@ -15608,7 +16199,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11236
+#: freeculture.xml:11607
 msgid ""
 "Compare this story to intangible property. You go into a library.  The "
 "library owns the books. But who owns the copyrights? As I've already "
@@ -15622,7 +16213,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11248
+#: freeculture.xml:11619
 msgid ""
 "The consequence with respect to old books is that they won't be digitized, "
 "and hence will simply rot away on shelves. But the consequence for other "
@@ -15630,28 +16221,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11253
+#: freeculture.xml:11624
 msgid "Agee, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11254 freeculture.xml:11689
+#: freeculture.xml:11625 freeculture.xml:12060
 msgid "Hal Roach Studios"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11255
+#: freeculture.xml:11626
 msgid "Laurel and Hardy Films"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11256
+#: freeculture.xml:11627
 msgid "Lucky Dog, The"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11269
+#: freeculture.xml:11640
 msgid ""
 "See David G. Savage, <quote>High Court Scene of Showdown on Copyright "
 "Law,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 6 October 2002; David "
@@ -15661,7 +16252,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11258
+#: freeculture.xml:11629
 msgid ""
 "Consider the story of Michael Agee, chairman of Hal Roach Studios, which "
 "owns the copyrights for the Laurel and Hardy films. Agee is a direct "
@@ -15676,7 +16267,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11276
+#: freeculture.xml:11647
 msgid ""
 "Yet Agee opposed the CTEA. His reasons demonstrate a rare virtue in this "
 "culture: selflessness. He argued in a brief before the Supreme Court that "
@@ -15686,7 +16277,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 231 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11282
+#: freeculture.xml:11653
 msgid ""
 "His argument is straightforward. A tiny fraction of this work has any "
 "continuing commercial value. The rest&mdash;to the extent it survives at "
@@ -15698,7 +16289,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11300
+#: freeculture.xml:11671
 msgid ""
 "Brief of Hal Roach Studios and Michael Agee as Amicus Curiae Supporting the "
 "Petitoners, <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
@@ -15710,7 +16301,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11293
+#: freeculture.xml:11664
 msgid ""
 "We can't know the benefits, but we do know a lot about the costs.  For most "
 "of the history of film, the costs of restoring film were very high; digital "
@@ -15721,7 +16312,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11310
+#: freeculture.xml:11681
 msgid ""
 "Restoration technology is not the only cost, nor the most important.  "
 "Lawyers, too, are a cost, and increasingly, a very important one. In "
@@ -15731,7 +16322,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11318
+#: freeculture.xml:11689
 msgid ""
 "Or more accurately, <emphasis>owners</emphasis>. As we've seen, there isn't "
 "only a single copyright associated with a film; there are many. There isn't "
@@ -15742,7 +16333,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11326
+#: freeculture.xml:11697
 msgid ""
 "<quote>But can't you just restore the film, distribute it, and then pay the "
 "copyright owner when she shows up?</quote> Sure, if you want to commit a "
@@ -15757,7 +16348,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 232 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11337
+#: freeculture.xml:11708
 msgid ""
 "For some films, the benefit of releasing the film may well exceed these "
 "costs. But for the vast majority of them, there is no way the benefit would "
@@ -15767,7 +16358,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11348
+#: freeculture.xml:11719
 msgid ""
 "But by the time the copyright for these films expires, the film will have "
 "expired. These films were produced on nitrate-based stock, and nitrate stock "
@@ -15776,7 +16367,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11356
+#: freeculture.xml:11727
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Of all the</emphasis> creative work produced by "
 "humans anywhere, a tiny fraction has continuing commercial value. For that "
@@ -15787,7 +16378,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11364
+#: freeculture.xml:11735
 msgid ""
 "But even for that tiny fraction, the actual time during which the creative "
 "work has a commercial life is extremely short. As I've indicated, most books "
@@ -15798,7 +16389,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11374
+#: freeculture.xml:11745
 msgid ""
 "Yet that doesn't mean the life of the creative work ends. We don't keep "
 "libraries of books in order to compete with Barnes &amp; Noble, and we don't "
@@ -15812,7 +16403,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 233 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11387
+#: freeculture.xml:11758
 msgid ""
 "Copyrights in this context do not drive an engine of free expression.  In "
 "this context, there is no need for an exclusive right. Copyrights in this "
@@ -15820,7 +16411,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11394
+#: freeculture.xml:11765
 msgid ""
 "Yet, for most of our history, they also did little harm. For most of our "
 "history, when a work ended its commercial life, there was no "
@@ -15833,7 +16424,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11405
+#: freeculture.xml:11776
 msgid ""
 "The same was effectively true of film. Because the costs of restoring a "
 "film&mdash;the real economic costs, not the lawyer costs&mdash;were so high, "
@@ -15844,7 +16435,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11414
+#: freeculture.xml:11785
 msgid ""
 "In other words, though copyright has been relatively short for most of our "
 "history, long copyrights wouldn't have mattered for the works that lost "
@@ -15853,12 +16444,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11420
+#: freeculture.xml:11791
 msgid "But this situation has now changed."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11424
+#: freeculture.xml:11795
 msgid ""
 "One crucially important consequence of the emergence of digital technologies "
 "is to enable the archive that Brewster Kahle dreams of.  Digital "
@@ -15873,7 +16464,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 234 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11437
+#: freeculture.xml:11808
 msgid ""
 "And now copyright law does get in the way. Every step of producing this "
 "digital archive of our culture infringes on the exclusive right of "
@@ -15886,7 +16477,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11447
+#: freeculture.xml:11818
 msgid ""
 "Here is the core of the harm that comes from extending terms: Now that "
 "technology enables us to rebuild the library of Alexandria, the law gets in "
@@ -15900,7 +16491,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11458
+#: freeculture.xml:11829
 msgid ""
 "You may well ask, <quote>But if digital technologies lower the costs for "
 "Brewster Kahle, then they will lower the costs for Random House, too.  So "
@@ -15909,7 +16500,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11464
+#: freeculture.xml:11835
 msgid ""
 "Maybe. Someday. But there is absolutely no evidence to suggest that "
 "publishers would be as complete as libraries. If Barnes &amp; Noble offered "
@@ -15924,7 +16515,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11488
+#: freeculture.xml:11859
 msgid ""
 "Jason Schultz, <quote>The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,</quote> "
 "20 December 2002, available at <ulink "
@@ -15932,7 +16523,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11476
+#: freeculture.xml:11847
 msgid ""
 "I would be the first to agree that it should do as much as it can: We should "
 "rely upon the market as much as possible to spread and enable culture. My "
@@ -15946,7 +16537,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11495
+#: freeculture.xml:11866
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In January 1999</emphasis>, we filed a lawsuit on "
 "Eric Eldred's behalf in federal district court in Washington, D.C., asking "
@@ -15958,7 +16549,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11504
+#: freeculture.xml:11875
 msgid ""
 "The district court dismissed our claims without even hearing an argument.  A "
 "panel of the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit also dismissed our "
@@ -15968,7 +16559,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11511
+#: freeculture.xml:11882
 msgid ""
 "Judge David Sentelle said the CTEA violated the requirement that copyrights "
 "be for <quote>limited Times</quote> only. His argument was as elegant as it "
@@ -15982,7 +16573,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11522
+#: freeculture.xml:11893
 msgid ""
 "We asked the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit as a whole to hear the "
 "case. Cases are ordinarily heard in panels of three, except for important "
@@ -15991,13 +16582,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11527
+#: freeculture.xml:11898
 msgid "Tatel, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 236 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11529
+#: freeculture.xml:11900
 msgid ""
 "The Court of Appeals rejected our request to hear the case en banc.  This "
 "time, Judge Sentelle was joined by the most liberal member of the "
@@ -16007,7 +16598,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11538
+#: freeculture.xml:11909
 msgid ""
 "It was here that most expected Eldred v. Ashcroft would die, for the Supreme "
 "Court rarely reviews any decision by a court of appeals. (It hears about one "
@@ -16017,7 +16608,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11545
+#: freeculture.xml:11916
 msgid ""
 "But in February 2002, the Supreme Court surprised the world by granting our "
 "petition to review the D.C. Circuit opinion. Argument was set for October of "
@@ -16025,7 +16616,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11551
+#: freeculture.xml:11922
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>It is over</emphasis> a year later as I write these "
 "words. It is still astonishingly hard. If you know anything at all about "
@@ -16038,7 +16629,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11562
+#: freeculture.xml:11933
 msgid ""
 "But my client and these friends were wrong. This case could have been "
 "won. It should have been won. And no matter how hard I try to retell this "
@@ -16046,13 +16637,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11567 freeculture.xml:11581
+#: freeculture.xml:11938 freeculture.xml:11952
 msgid "Steward, Geoffrey"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 237 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11569
+#: freeculture.xml:11940
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The mistake</emphasis> was made early, though it "
 "became obvious only at the very end. Our case had been supported from the "
@@ -16064,17 +16655,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11579 freeculture.xml:11942 freeculture.xml:11958 freeculture.xml:12055 freeculture.xml:12275 freeculture.xml:12306 freeculture.xml:12404
+#: freeculture.xml:11950 freeculture.xml:12313 freeculture.xml:12329 freeculture.xml:12426 freeculture.xml:12646 freeculture.xml:12677 freeculture.xml:12775
 msgid "Ayer, Don"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11580
+#: freeculture.xml:11951
 msgid "Bromberg, Dan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11583
+#: freeculture.xml:11954
 msgid ""
 "There were three key lawyers on the case from Jones Day. Geoff Stewart was "
 "the first, but then Dan Bromberg and Don Ayer became quite "
@@ -16087,7 +16678,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11593
+#: freeculture.xml:11964
 msgid ""
 "I hate this view of the law. Of course I thought the Sonny Bono Act was a "
 "dramatic harm to free speech and free culture. Of course I still think it "
@@ -16109,7 +16700,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11614
+#: freeculture.xml:11985
 msgid ""
 "In any case, I thought, the Court must already see the danger and the harm "
 "caused by this sort of law. Why else would they grant review? There was no "
@@ -16120,7 +16711,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 238 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11622
+#: freeculture.xml:11993
 msgid ""
 "There was one way, however, in which I felt politics would matter and in "
 "which I thought a response was appropriate. I was convinced that the Court "
@@ -16139,17 +16730,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11640 freeculture.xml:11667
+#: freeculture.xml:12011 freeculture.xml:12038
 msgid "Eagle Forum"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11641
+#: freeculture.xml:12012
 msgid "Schlafly, Phyllis"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11643
+#: freeculture.xml:12014
 msgid ""
 "The first step happened all by itself. Phyllis Schlafly's organization, "
 "Eagle Forum, had been an opponent of the CTEA from the very beginning.  "
@@ -16166,7 +16757,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11657
+#: freeculture.xml:12028
 msgid ""
 "In the Court of Appeals, Eagle Forum was eager to file a brief supporting "
 "our position. Their brief made the argument that became the core claim in "
@@ -16177,7 +16768,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 239 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11669
+#: freeculture.xml:12040
 msgid ""
 "In the Supreme Court, the briefs on our side were about as diverse as it "
 "gets. They included an extraordinary historical brief by the Free Software "
@@ -16190,17 +16781,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11681
+#: freeculture.xml:12052
 msgid "American Association of Law Libraries"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11682
+#: freeculture.xml:12053
 msgid "National Writers Union"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11684
+#: freeculture.xml:12055
 msgid ""
 "Those briefs framed a legal argument. Then to support the legal argument, "
 "there were a number of powerful briefs by libraries and archives, including "
@@ -16209,7 +16800,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11691
+#: freeculture.xml:12062
 msgid ""
 "But two briefs captured the policy argument best. One made the argument I've "
 "already described: A brief by Hal Roach Studios argued that unless the law "
@@ -16218,32 +16809,32 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11697
+#: freeculture.xml:12068
 msgid "Akerlof, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11698
+#: freeculture.xml:12069
 msgid "Arrow, Kenneth"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11699
+#: freeculture.xml:12070
 msgid "Buchanan, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11700
+#: freeculture.xml:12071
 msgid "Coase, Ronald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11701
+#: freeculture.xml:12072
 msgid "Friedman, Milton"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11703
+#: freeculture.xml:12074
 msgid ""
 "This economists' brief was signed by seventeen economists, including five "
 "Nobel Prize winners, including Ronald Coase, James Buchanan, Milton "
@@ -16257,28 +16848,28 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11713 freeculture.xml:11731 freeculture.xml:11944 freeculture.xml:12307
+#: freeculture.xml:12084 freeculture.xml:12102 freeculture.xml:12315 freeculture.xml:12678
 msgid "Fried, Charles"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11714
+#: freeculture.xml:12085
 msgid "Morrison, Alan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11715
+#: freeculture.xml:12086
 msgid "Public Citizen"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11716 freeculture.xml:11943 freeculture.xml:13078
+#: freeculture.xml:12087 freeculture.xml:12314 freeculture.xml:13463
 msgid "Reagan, Ronald"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 240 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11718
+#: freeculture.xml:12089
 msgid ""
 "The same effort at balance was reflected in the legal team we gathered to "
 "write our briefs in the case. The Jones Day lawyers had been with us from "
@@ -16292,17 +16883,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11732
+#: freeculture.xml:12103
 msgid "constitutional powers of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11733
+#: freeculture.xml:12104
 msgid "Commerce Clause of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11735
+#: freeculture.xml:12106
 msgid ""
 "Fried was a special victory for our side. Every other former solicitor "
 "general was hired by the other side to defend Congress's power to give media "
@@ -16316,7 +16907,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11747
+#: freeculture.xml:12118
 msgid ""
 "The government, in defending the statute, had its collection of friends, as "
 "well. Significantly, however, none of these <quote>friends</quote> included "
@@ -16326,7 +16917,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11754
+#: freeculture.xml:12125
 msgid ""
 "The media companies were not surprising. They had the most to gain from the "
 "law. The congressmen were not surprising either&mdash;they were defending "
@@ -16337,18 +16928,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11762
+#: freeculture.xml:12133
 msgid "Gershwin, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11763
+#: freeculture.xml:12134
 msgid "Porgy and Bess"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11773
+#: freeculture.xml:12144
 msgid ""
 "Brief of Amici Dr. Seuss Enterprise et al., <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
 "v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S.  (2003) (No. 01-618), 19."
@@ -16356,7 +16947,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11781
+#: freeculture.xml:12152
 msgid ""
 "Dinitia Smith, <quote>Immortal Words, Immortal Royalties? Even Mickey Mouse "
 "Joins the Fray,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 28 March "
@@ -16365,7 +16956,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 241 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11766
+#: freeculture.xml:12137
 msgid ""
 "Dr. Seuss's representatives, for example, argued that it was better for the "
 "Dr. Seuss estate to control what happened to Dr. Seuss's work&mdash; better "
@@ -16382,7 +16973,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11790
+#: freeculture.xml:12161
 msgid ""
 "This argument made clear a theme that is rarely noticed in this debate.  "
 "When Congress decides to extend the term of existing copyrights, Congress is "
@@ -16397,7 +16988,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11802
+#: freeculture.xml:12173
 msgid ""
 "We argued as much in a final brief. Not only would upholding the CTEA mean "
 "that there was no limit to the power of Congress to extend "
@@ -16407,7 +16998,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11809
+#: freeculture.xml:12180
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Between February</emphasis> and October, there was "
 "little I did beyond preparing for this case. Early on, as I said, I set the "
@@ -16415,12 +17006,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11814 freeculture.xml:12000
+#: freeculture.xml:12185 freeculture.xml:12371
 msgid "O'Connor, Sandra Day"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11816
+#: freeculture.xml:12187
 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court was divided into two important camps. One camp we called "
 "<quote>the Conservatives.</quote> The other we called <quote>the "
@@ -16433,18 +17024,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11825 freeculture.xml:11850 freeculture.xml:12202 freeculture.xml:12214
+#: freeculture.xml:12196 freeculture.xml:12221 freeculture.xml:12573 freeculture.xml:12585
 msgid "Breyer, Stephen"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11826 freeculture.xml:12166
+#: freeculture.xml:12197 freeculture.xml:12537
 msgid "Ginsburg, Ruth Bader"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 242 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11828
+#: freeculture.xml:12199
 msgid ""
 "The Rest were the four Justices who had strongly opposed limits on "
 "Congress's power. These four&mdash;Justice Stevens, Justice Souter, Justice "
@@ -16457,7 +17048,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11840
+#: freeculture.xml:12211
 msgid ""
 "In particular, the least likely was Justice Ginsburg's. In addition to her "
 "general view about deference to Congress (except where issues of gender are "
@@ -16470,7 +17061,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11852
+#: freeculture.xml:12223
 msgid ""
 "Close behind Justice Ginsburg were two justices whom we also viewed as "
 "unlikely allies, though possible surprises. Justice Souter strongly favored "
@@ -16480,7 +17071,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11861
+#: freeculture.xml:12232
 msgid ""
 "The only vote we could be confident about was that of Justice "
 "Stevens. History will record Justice Stevens as one of the greatest judges "
@@ -16491,7 +17082,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11869
+#: freeculture.xml:12240
 msgid ""
 "This analysis of <quote>the Rest</quote> showed most clearly where our focus "
 "had to be: on the Conservatives. To win this case, we had to crack open "
@@ -16504,7 +17095,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 243 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11879
+#: freeculture.xml:12250
 msgid ""
 "This then was the core of our strategy&mdash;a strategy for which I am "
 "responsible. We would get the Court to see that just as with the "
@@ -16519,7 +17110,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11893
+#: freeculture.xml:12264
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The argument</emphasis> on the government's side "
 "came down to this: Congress has done it before. It should be allowed to do "
@@ -16529,7 +17120,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11901
+#: freeculture.xml:12272
 msgid ""
 "There was some truth to the government's claim, but not much. We certainly "
 "agreed that Congress had extended existing terms in 1831 and in 1909. And of "
@@ -16538,7 +17129,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11908
+#: freeculture.xml:12279
 msgid ""
 "But this <quote>consistency</quote> should be kept in perspective. Congress "
 "extended existing terms once in the first hundred years of the Republic.  It "
@@ -16553,7 +17144,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 244 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11923
+#: freeculture.xml:12294
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Oral argument</emphasis> was scheduled for the first "
 "week in October. I arrived in D.C. two weeks before the argument. During "
@@ -16563,7 +17154,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11933
+#: freeculture.xml:12304
 msgid ""
 "I was convinced that to win, I had to keep the Court focused on a single "
 "point: that if this extension is permitted, then there is no limit to the "
@@ -16574,7 +17165,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11946
+#: freeculture.xml:12317
 msgid ""
 "One moot was before the lawyers at Jones Day. Don Ayer was the skeptic. He "
 "had served in the Reagan Justice Department with Solicitor General Charles "
@@ -16583,7 +17174,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11952
+#: freeculture.xml:12323
 msgid ""
 "<quote>I'm just afraid that unless they really see the harm, they won't be "
 "willing to upset this practice that the government says has been a "
@@ -16593,7 +17184,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11960
+#: freeculture.xml:12331
 msgid ""
 "He may have argued many cases before this Court, I thought, but he didn't "
 "understand its soul. As a clerk, I had seen the Justices do the right "
@@ -16607,7 +17198,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 245 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11970
+#: freeculture.xml:12341
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The night before</emphasis> the argument, a line of "
 "people began to form in front of the Supreme Court. The case had become a "
@@ -16617,7 +17208,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11980
+#: freeculture.xml:12351
 msgid ""
 "Not everyone has to wait in line. People who know the Justices can ask for "
 "seats they control. (I asked Justice Scalia's chambers for seats for my "
@@ -16633,7 +17224,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11995
+#: freeculture.xml:12366
 msgid ""
 "When the Chief Justice called me to begin my argument, I began where I "
 "intended to stay: on the question of the limits on Congress's power. This "
@@ -16642,14 +17233,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12002
+#: freeculture.xml:12373
 msgid ""
 "Justice O'Connor stopped me within one minute of my opening.  The history "
 "was bothering her."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12007
+#: freeculture.xml:12378
 msgid ""
 "justice o'connor: Congress has extended the term so often through the years, "
 "and if you are right, don't we run the risk of upsetting previous extensions "
@@ -16658,7 +17249,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12014
+#: freeculture.xml:12385
 msgid ""
 "She was quite willing to concede <quote>that this flies directly in the face "
 "of what the framers had in mind.</quote> But my response again and again was "
@@ -16667,7 +17258,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 246 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12020
+#: freeculture.xml:12391
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Well, if it flies in the face of what the framers had in mind, "
 "then the question is, is there a way of interpreting their words that gives "
@@ -16675,14 +17266,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12028
+#: freeculture.xml:12399
 msgid ""
 "There were two points in this argument when I should have seen where the "
 "Court was going. The first was a question by Justice Kennedy, who observed,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12034
+#: freeculture.xml:12405
 msgid ""
 "justice kennedy: Well, I suppose implicit in the argument that the '76 act, "
 "too, should have been declared void, and that we might leave it alone "
@@ -16692,14 +17283,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12042
+#: freeculture.xml:12413
 msgid ""
 "Here follows my clear mistake. Like a professor correcting a student, I "
 "answered,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12048
+#: freeculture.xml:12419
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Justice, we are not making an empirical claim at all.  Nothing "
 "in our Copyright Clause claim hangs upon the empirical assertion about "
@@ -16709,7 +17300,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12057
+#: freeculture.xml:12428
 msgid ""
 "That was a correct answer, but it wasn't the right answer. The right answer "
 "was instead that there was an obvious and profound harm. Any number of "
@@ -16719,7 +17310,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12064
+#: freeculture.xml:12435
 msgid ""
 "The second came from the Chief, for whom the whole case had been "
 "crafted. For the Chief Justice had crafted the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> "
@@ -16728,21 +17319,21 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 247 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12069
+#: freeculture.xml:12440
 msgid ""
 "It was clear a second into his question that he wasn't at all sympathetic.  "
 "To him, we were a bunch of anarchists. As he asked:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12076
+#: freeculture.xml:12447
 msgid ""
 "chief justice: Well, but you want more than that. You want the right to copy "
 "verbatim other people's books, don't you?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12080
+#: freeculture.xml:12451
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: We want the right to copy verbatim works that should be in the "
 "public domain and would be in the public domain but for a statute that "
@@ -16751,12 +17342,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12088
+#: freeculture.xml:12459
 msgid "Olson, Theodore B."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12090
+#: freeculture.xml:12461
 msgid ""
 "Things went better for us when the government gave its argument; for now the "
 "Court picked up on the core of our claim. As Justice Scalia asked Solicitor "
@@ -16764,7 +17355,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12096
+#: freeculture.xml:12467
 msgid ""
 "justice scalia: You say that the functional equivalent of an unlimited time "
 "would be a violation [of the Constitution], but that's precisely the "
@@ -16773,7 +17364,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12104
+#: freeculture.xml:12475
 msgid ""
 "When Olson was finished, it was my turn to give a closing rebuttal.  Olson's "
 "flailing had revived my anger. But my anger still was directed to the "
@@ -16789,7 +17380,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 248 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12117
+#: freeculture.xml:12488
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>As I left</emphasis> the court that day, I knew "
 "there were a hundred points I wished I could remake. There were a hundred "
@@ -16798,7 +17389,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12126
+#: freeculture.xml:12497
 msgid ""
 "The government had been asked over and over again, what is the limit? Over "
 "and over again, it had answered there is no limit. This was precisely the "
@@ -16815,7 +17406,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12141
+#: freeculture.xml:12512
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The morning</emphasis> of January 15, 2003, I was "
 "five minutes late to the office and missed the 7:00 A.M. call from the "
@@ -16826,7 +17417,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12149
+#: freeculture.xml:12520
 msgid ""
 "A few seconds later, the opinions arrived by e-mail. I took the phone off "
 "the hook, posted an announcement to our blog, and sat down to see where I "
@@ -16834,7 +17425,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12154
+#: freeculture.xml:12525
 msgid ""
 "My <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. Here was a case that pitted all the money "
 "in the world against <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. And here was the last "
@@ -16842,7 +17433,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12160
+#: freeculture.xml:12531
 msgid ""
 "I first scoured the opinion, looking for how the Court would distinguish the "
 "principle in this case from the principle in "
@@ -16853,7 +17444,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 249 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12170
+#: freeculture.xml:12541
 msgid ""
 "Justice Ginsburg simply ignored the enumerated powers argument.  Consistent "
 "with her view that Congress's power was not limited generally, she had found "
@@ -16861,7 +17452,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12175
+#: freeculture.xml:12546
 msgid ""
 "Her opinion was perfectly reasonable&mdash;for her, and for Justice "
 "Souter. Neither believes in <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. It would be too "
@@ -16870,7 +17461,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12181
+#: freeculture.xml:12552
 msgid ""
 "But as I realized what had happened, I couldn't quite believe what I was "
 "reading. I had said there was no way this Court could reconcile limited "
@@ -16884,7 +17475,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12192
+#: freeculture.xml:12563
 msgid ""
 "Yet by what right did they get to choose which of the framers' values they "
 "would respect? By what right did they&mdash;the silent five&mdash;get to "
@@ -16897,7 +17488,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12204
+#: freeculture.xml:12575
 msgid ""
 "Justices Breyer and Stevens wrote very strong dissents. Stevens's opinion "
 "was crafted internal to the law: He argued that the tradition of "
@@ -16912,7 +17503,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 250 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12217
+#: freeculture.xml:12588
 msgid ""
 "Justice Breyer's opinion, perhaps the best opinion he has ever written, was "
 "external to the Constitution. He argued that the term of copyrights has "
@@ -16926,7 +17517,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12228
+#: freeculture.xml:12599
 msgid ""
 "These two justices understood all the arguments we had made. But because "
 "neither believed in the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> case, neither was "
@@ -16937,7 +17528,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12235
+#: freeculture.xml:12606
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Defeat brings depression</emphasis>. They say it is "
 "a sign of health when depression gives way to anger. My anger came quickly, "
@@ -16945,12 +17536,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12240
+#: freeculture.xml:12611
 msgid "originalism"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12242
+#: freeculture.xml:12613
 msgid ""
 "It was first anger with the five <quote>Conservatives.</quote> It would have "
 "been one thing for them to have explained why the principle of "
@@ -16968,7 +17559,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 251 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12255
+#: freeculture.xml:12626
 msgid ""
 "Here, they had joined an opinion that never once tried to explain what the "
 "framers had meant by crafting the Progress Clause as they did; they joined "
@@ -16983,7 +17574,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12270
+#: freeculture.xml:12641
 msgid ""
 "My anger with the Conservatives quickly yielded to anger with myself.  For I "
 "had let a view of the law that I liked interfere with a view of the law as "
@@ -16991,7 +17582,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12277
+#: freeculture.xml:12648
 msgid ""
 "Most lawyers, and most law professors, have little patience for idealism "
 "about courts in general and this Supreme Court in particular.  Most have a "
@@ -17006,7 +17597,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 252 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12288
+#: freeculture.xml:12659
 msgid ""
 "As I read back over the transcript from that argument in October, I can see "
 "a hundred places where the answers could have taken the conversation in "
@@ -17025,7 +17616,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12309
+#: freeculture.xml:12680
 msgid ""
 "Would it have been different if I had argued it differently? Would it have "
 "been different if Don Ayer had argued it? Or Charles Fried? Or Kathleen "
@@ -17033,7 +17624,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12314
+#: freeculture.xml:12685
 msgid ""
 "My friends huddled around me to insist it would not. The Court was not "
 "ready, my friends insisted. This was a loss that was destined. It would take "
@@ -17042,7 +17633,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12320
+#: freeculture.xml:12691
 msgid ""
 "Maybe, but I doubt it. These Justices have no financial interest in doing "
 "anything except the right thing. They are not lobbied. They have little "
@@ -17052,7 +17643,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12328
+#: freeculture.xml:12699
 msgid ""
 "And even if I couldn't, then that doesn't excuse what happened in "
 "January. For at the start of this case, one of America's leading "
@@ -17062,7 +17653,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12335
+#: freeculture.xml:12706
 msgid ""
 "After the argument and after the decision, Peter said to me, and publicly, "
 "that he was wrong. But if indeed that Court could not have been persuaded, "
@@ -17075,7 +17666,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 253 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12344
+#: freeculture.xml:12715
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>While the reaction</emphasis> to the Sonny Bono Act "
 "itself was almost unanimously negative, the reaction to the Court's decision "
@@ -17089,7 +17680,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12359
+#: freeculture.xml:12730
 msgid ""
 "In effect, the Supreme Court's decision makes it likely that we are seeing "
 "the beginning of the end of public domain and the birth of copyright "
@@ -17100,12 +17691,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12373 freeculture.xml:12378
+#: freeculture.xml:12744 freeculture.xml:12749
 msgid "Bolling, Ruben"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12368
+#: freeculture.xml:12739
 msgid ""
 "The best responses were in the cartoons. There was a gaggle of hilarious "
 "images&mdash;of Mickey in jail and the like. The best, from my view of the "
@@ -17116,19 +17707,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12376
+#: freeculture.xml:12747
 msgid "Tom the Dancing Bug cartoon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:12377
+#: freeculture.xml:12748
 msgid ""
 "<graphic fileref=\"images/18.png\"></graphic> <placeholder "
 "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12381
+#: freeculture.xml:12752
 msgid ""
 "The image that will always stick in my head is that evoked by the quote from "
 "<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>. That <quote>grand "
@@ -17141,12 +17732,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12392
+#: freeculture.xml:12763
 msgid "CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Eldred II"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12394
+#: freeculture.xml:12765
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>The day</emphasis> <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was "
 "decided, fate would have it that I was to travel to Washington, D.C. (The "
@@ -17159,7 +17750,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12406
+#: freeculture.xml:12777
 msgid ""
 "It was an act of contrition. During the whole of the flight from San "
 "Francisco to Washington, I had heard over and over again in my head the same "
@@ -17173,7 +17764,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 256 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12416
+#: freeculture.xml:12787
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle> published the piece. In it, I "
 "proposed a simple fix: Fifty years after a work has been published, the "
@@ -17183,7 +17774,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12424
+#: freeculture.xml:12795
 msgid ""
 "We called this the Eldred Act, but that was just to give it a name.  Eric "
 "Eldred was kind enough to let his name be used once again, but as he said "
@@ -17191,7 +17782,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12429
+#: freeculture.xml:12800
 msgid ""
 "Or another two names. For depending upon your perspective, this is either "
 "the <quote>Public Domain Enhancement Act</quote> or the <quote>Copyright "
@@ -17203,12 +17794,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12437 freeculture.xml:12638
+#: freeculture.xml:12808 freeculture.xml:13009
 msgid "Forbes, Steve"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12439
+#: freeculture.xml:12810
 msgid ""
 "The reaction to this idea was amazingly strong. Steve Forbes endorsed it in "
 "an editorial. I received an avalanche of e-mail and letters expressing "
@@ -17222,7 +17813,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12451
+#: freeculture.xml:12822
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, many recognized the obvious benefit of the registration "
 "requirement.  For one of the hardest things about the current system for "
@@ -17235,22 +17826,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12461
+#: freeculture.xml:12832
 msgid "Berlin Act (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12462 freeculture.xml:12503
+#: freeculture.xml:12833 freeculture.xml:12874
 msgid "Berne Convention (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12470
+#: freeculture.xml:12841
 msgid "German copyright law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12470
+#: freeculture.xml:12841
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Until the 1908 Berlin Act of the "
 "Berne Convention, national copyright legislation sometimes made protection "
@@ -17273,7 +17864,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12465
+#: freeculture.xml:12836
 msgid ""
 "As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, formalities in copyright law were removed in 1976, "
@@ -17288,7 +17879,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12497
+#: freeculture.xml:12868
 msgid ""
 "That's great rhetoric. It sounds wonderfully romantic. But it is absurd "
 "copyright policy. It is absurd especially for authors, because a world "
@@ -17298,7 +17889,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12505
+#: freeculture.xml:12876
 msgid ""
 "The fight against formalities achieved its first real victory in Berlin in "
 "1908. International copyright lawyers amended the Berne Convention in 1908, "
@@ -17311,7 +17902,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12515
+#: freeculture.xml:12886
 msgid ""
 "These complaints were real and sensible. And the strictness of the "
 "formalities, especially in the United States, was absurd. The law should "
@@ -17322,7 +17913,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12523
+#: freeculture.xml:12894
 msgid ""
 "Even that would have been resisted, however, because registration in the "
 "nineteenth and twentieth centuries was still expensive. It was also a "
@@ -17333,7 +17924,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 258 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12531
+#: freeculture.xml:12902
 msgid ""
 "In addition to the practical complaint of authors in 1908, there was a moral "
 "claim as well. There was no reason that creative property should be a "
@@ -17345,7 +17936,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12543
+#: freeculture.xml:12914
 msgid ""
 "This argument is correct, but its implications are misleading. For the "
 "argument in favor of formalities does not depend upon creative property "
@@ -17356,7 +17947,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12552
+#: freeculture.xml:12923
 msgid ""
 "No one thinks, for example, that land is second-class property just because "
 "you have to register a deed with a court if your sale of land is to be "
@@ -17374,7 +17965,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12568
+#: freeculture.xml:12939
 msgid ""
 "It is similarly special physics that makes formalities important in "
 "copyright law. Unlike a carpenter's table, there's nothing in nature that "
@@ -17389,7 +17980,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12583
+#: freeculture.xml:12954
 msgid ""
 "This was the understanding of the problem with the Sonny Bono Act that we "
 "tried to demonstrate to the Court. This was the part it didn't "
@@ -17402,7 +17993,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12593
+#: freeculture.xml:12964
 msgid ""
 "But now that copyrights can be just about a century long, the inability to "
 "know what is protected and what is not protected becomes a huge and obvious "
@@ -17414,7 +18005,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12602
+#: freeculture.xml:12973
 msgid ""
 "The Eldred Act was designed to respond to exactly this problem. If it is "
 "worth $1 to you, then register your work and you can get the longer "
@@ -17424,7 +18015,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12609
+#: freeculture.xml:12980
 msgid ""
 "If it isn't worth it to you to register to get the benefit of an extended "
 "term, then it shouldn't be worth it for the government to defend your "
@@ -17434,7 +18025,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12616
+#: freeculture.xml:12987
 msgid ""
 "Some worry about the burden on authors. Won't the burden of registering the "
 "work mean that the $1 is really misleading? Isn't the hassle worth more than "
@@ -17443,7 +18034,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 260 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12622
+#: freeculture.xml:12993
 msgid ""
 "It is. The hassle is terrible. The system that exists now is awful. I "
 "completely agree that the Copyright Office has done a terrible job (no doubt "
@@ -17461,7 +18052,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12640
+#: freeculture.xml:13011
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>When Steve Forbes</emphasis> endorsed the idea, some "
 "in Washington began to pay attention. Many people contacted me pointing to "
@@ -17471,12 +18062,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12646
+#: freeculture.xml:13017
 msgid "Lofgren, Zoe"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12648
+#: freeculture.xml:13019
 msgid ""
 "One representative, Zoe Lofgren of California, went so far as to get the "
 "bill drafted. The draft solved any problem with international law. It "
@@ -17487,7 +18078,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12657
+#: freeculture.xml:13028
 msgid ""
 "But at this stage, the lobbyists began to intervene. Jack Valenti and the "
 "MPAA general counsel came to the congresswoman's office to give the view of "
@@ -17499,7 +18090,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 261 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12665
+#: freeculture.xml:13036
 msgid ""
 "The MPAA argued first that Congress had <quote>firmly rejected the central "
 "concept in the proposed bill</quote>&mdash;that copyrights be renewed. That "
@@ -17521,7 +18112,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12686
+#: freeculture.xml:13057
 msgid ""
 "Finally, the MPAA argued that existing law enabled copyright owners to do "
 "this if they wanted. But the whole point is that there are thousands of "
@@ -17532,7 +18123,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12694
+#: freeculture.xml:13065
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>At the beginning</emphasis> of this book, I told two "
 "stories about the law reacting to changes in technology. In the one, common "
@@ -17545,7 +18136,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12704
+#: freeculture.xml:13075
 msgid ""
 "I used these two cases as a way to frame the war that this book has been "
 "about. For here, too, a new technology is forcing the law to react.  And "
@@ -17555,7 +18146,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 262 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12713
+#: freeculture.xml:13084
 msgid ""
 "When the issue is piracy, it is right for the law to back the copyright "
 "owners. The commercial piracy that I described is wrong and harmful, and the "
@@ -17569,12 +18160,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12723
+#: freeculture.xml:13094
 msgid "Kelly, Kevin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12725
+#: freeculture.xml:13096
 msgid ""
 "But when the copyright owners oppose a proposal such as the Eldred Act, "
 "then, finally, there is an example that lays bare the naked selfinterest "
@@ -17587,12 +18178,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12735
+#: freeculture.xml:13106
 msgid "What does this industry really want?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12738
+#: freeculture.xml:13109
 msgid ""
 "With very little effort, the warriors could protect their content. So the "
 "effort to block something like the Eldred Act is not really about protecting "
@@ -17605,7 +18196,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12749
+#: freeculture.xml:13120
 msgid ""
 "The opposition to the Eldred Act reveals how extreme the other side is. The "
 "most powerful and sexy and well loved of lobbies really has as its aim not "
@@ -17616,7 +18207,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 263 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12757
+#: freeculture.xml:13128
 msgid ""
 "It is not hard to understand why the warriors take this view. It is not hard "
 "to see why it would benefit them if the competition of the public domain "
@@ -17627,7 +18218,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12769
+#: freeculture.xml:13140
 msgid ""
 "What is hard to understand is why the public takes this view. It is as if "
 "the law made airplanes trespassers. The MPAA stands with the Causbys and "
@@ -17637,7 +18228,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12776
+#: freeculture.xml:13147
 msgid ""
 "All this seems to follow easily from this untroubled acceptance of the "
 "<quote>property</quote> in intellectual property. Common sense supports it, "
@@ -17649,27 +18240,47 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12788
+#: freeculture.xml:13159
 msgid "CONCLUSION"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12789
+#: freeculture.xml:13160
 msgid "Africa, medications for HIV patients in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12790
-msgid "HIV/AIDS therapies"
+#: freeculture.xml:13161
+msgid "AIDS medications"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12791
+#: freeculture.xml:13162
 msgid "antiretroviral drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13163
+msgid "developing countries, foreign patent costs in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13164 freeculture.xml:13677
+msgid "drugs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13164 freeculture.xml:13677
+msgid "pharmaceutical"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13165
+msgid "HIV/AIDS therapies"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12793
+#: freeculture.xml:13167
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There are more</emphasis> than 35 million people "
 "with the AIDS virus worldwide. Twenty-five million of them live in "
@@ -17679,7 +18290,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12800
+#: freeculture.xml:13174
 msgid ""
 "There is no cure for AIDS, but there are drugs to slow its progression.  "
 "These antiretroviral therapies are still experimental, but they have already "
@@ -17690,7 +18301,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12815
+#: freeculture.xml:13189
 msgid ""
 "Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, <quote>Final Report: Integrating "
 "Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy</quote> (London, 2002), "
@@ -17701,7 +18312,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12808
+#: freeculture.xml:13182
 msgid ""
 "These drugs are expensive. When they were first introduced in the United "
 "States, they cost between $10,000 and $15,000 per person per year. Today, "
@@ -17712,9 +18323,19 @@ msgid ""
 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13198 freeculture.xml:13679
+msgid "on pharmaceuticals"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13199
+msgid "pharmaceutical patents"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 265 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12826
+#: freeculture.xml:13202
 msgid ""
 "These prices are not high because the ingredients of the drugs are "
 "expensive. These prices are high because the drugs are protected by "
@@ -17725,7 +18346,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12834
+#: freeculture.xml:13210
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are skeptical of patents, especially drug patents. I am "
 "not. Indeed, of all the areas of research that might be supported by "
@@ -17738,7 +18359,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12845
+#: freeculture.xml:13221
 msgid ""
 "But it is one thing to support patents, even drug patents. It is another "
 "thing to determine how best to deal with a crisis. And as African leaders "
@@ -17748,27 +18369,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12851
+#: freeculture.xml:13227
 msgid "international law"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12852
+#: freeculture.xml:13228
 msgid "parallel importation"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12853
+#: freeculture.xml:13229
 msgid "South Africa, Republic of, pharmaceutical imports by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12866 freeculture.xml:13337
+#: freeculture.xml:13242 freeculture.xml:13735
 msgid "Braithwaite, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12864
+#: freeculture.xml:13240
 msgid ""
 "See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism: "
 "Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New Press, 2003), "
@@ -17777,7 +18398,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12855
+#: freeculture.xml:13231
 msgid ""
 "In 1997, South Africa tried one tack. It passed a law to allow the "
 "importation of patented medicines that had been produced or sold in another "
@@ -17789,13 +18410,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12870
+#: freeculture.xml:13246
 msgid "United States Trade Representative (USTR)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12878
+#: freeculture.xml:13254
 msgid ""
 "International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
 "Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
@@ -17810,7 +18431,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12905
+#: freeculture.xml:13281
 msgid ""
 "International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
 "Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
@@ -17819,7 +18440,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12872
+#: freeculture.xml:13248
 msgid ""
 "However, the United States government opposed the bill. Indeed, more than "
 "opposed. As the International Intellectual Property Association "
@@ -17842,7 +18463,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12912
+#: freeculture.xml:13288
 msgid ""
 "We should place the intervention by the United States in context.  No doubt "
 "patents are not the most important reason that Africans don't have access to "
@@ -17854,7 +18475,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12922
+#: freeculture.xml:13298
 msgid ""
 "By stopping the flow of HIV treatment into Africa, the United States "
 "government was not saving drugs for United States citizens.  This is not "
@@ -17865,7 +18486,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12930
+#: freeculture.xml:13306
 msgid ""
 "Nor was the intervention by the United States going to protect the profits "
 "of United States drug companies&mdash;at least, not substantially. It was "
@@ -17879,7 +18500,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  f5. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 333 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12945
+#: freeculture.xml:13321
 msgid ""
 "See Sabin Russell, <quote>New Crusade to Lower AIDS Drug Costs: Africa's "
 "Needs at Odds with Firms' Profit Motive,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco "
@@ -17897,7 +18518,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12939
+#: freeculture.xml:13315
 msgid ""
 "Instead, the argument in favor of restricting this flow of information, "
 "which was needed to save the lives of millions, was an argument about the "
@@ -17909,7 +18530,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12967
+#: freeculture.xml:13343
 msgid ""
 "Now just step back for a moment. There will be a time thirty years from now "
 "when our children look back at us and ask, how could we have let this "
@@ -17921,8 +18542,13 @@ msgid ""
 "such an abstraction?"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13352
+msgid "in pharmaceutical industry"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12977
+#: freeculture.xml:13354
 msgid ""
 "Some blame the drug companies. I don't. They are corporations.  Their "
 "managers are ordered by law to make money for the corporation.  They push a "
@@ -17933,7 +18559,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12985
+#: freeculture.xml:13362
 msgid ""
 "The corruption is our own politicians' failure of integrity. For the drug "
 "companies would love&mdash;they say, and I believe them&mdash;to sell their "
@@ -17943,9 +18569,14 @@ msgid ""
 "could be overcome."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13369
+msgid "of drug patents"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 268 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12993
+#: freeculture.xml:13371
 msgid ""
 "A different problem, however, could not be overcome. This is the fear of the "
 "grandstanding politician who would call the presidents of the drug companies "
@@ -17962,7 +18593,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13008
+#: freeculture.xml:13393
 msgid ""
 "So when the common sense of your child confronts you, what will you say? "
 "When the common sense of a generation finally revolts against what we have "
@@ -17970,7 +18601,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13014
+#: freeculture.xml:13399
 msgid ""
 "A sensible patent policy could endorse and strongly support the patent "
 "system without having to reach everyone everywhere in exactly the same "
@@ -17984,7 +18615,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13027
+#: freeculture.xml:13414
 msgid ""
 "But we as a culture have lost this sense of balance. We have lost the "
 "critical eye that helps us see the difference between truth and extremism.  "
@@ -17996,7 +18627,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 269 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13038
+#: freeculture.xml:13423
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>A simple idea</emphasis> blinds us, and under the "
 "cover of darkness, much happens that most of us would reject if any of us "
@@ -18011,7 +18642,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13052
+#: freeculture.xml:13437
 msgid ""
 "So far, common sense sleeps. There is no revolt. Common sense does not yet "
 "see what there could be to revolt about. The extremism that now dominates "
@@ -18028,68 +18659,68 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13065 freeculture.xml:13802
+#: freeculture.xml:13450 freeculture.xml:14220
 msgid "academic journals"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13066 freeculture.xml:13079
+#: freeculture.xml:13451 freeculture.xml:13464
 msgid "biomedical research"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13067
+#: freeculture.xml:13452 freeculture.xml:13622
 msgid "international organization on issues of"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13069 freeculture.xml:13181 freeculture.xml:13733
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13454 freeculture.xml:13571 freeculture.xml:14139
 msgid "IBM"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13070 freeculture.xml:13867
+#: freeculture.xml:13455 freeculture.xml:14286
 msgid "PLoS (Public Library of Science)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13071 freeculture.xml:13868
+#: freeculture.xml:13456 freeculture.xml:14287
 msgid "Public Library of Science (PLoS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13072
+#: freeculture.xml:13457
 msgid "public projects in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13073
+#: freeculture.xml:13458
 msgid "single nucleotied polymorphisms (SNPs)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13074
+#: freeculture.xml:13459
 msgid "Wellcome Trust"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13075
+#: freeculture.xml:13460 freeculture.xml:13623
 msgid "World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13076
+#: freeculture.xml:13461
 msgid "World Wide Web"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13077
+#: freeculture.xml:13462
 msgid "Global Positioning System"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13084
+#: freeculture.xml:13469
 msgid ""
 "Jonathan Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> "
 "<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink "
@@ -18105,7 +18736,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 270 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13081
+#: freeculture.xml:13466
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>In August 2003</emphasis>, a fight broke out in the "
 "United States about a decision by the World Intellectual Property "
@@ -18117,19 +18748,20 @@ msgid ""
 "intellectual property. Examples include the Internet and the World Wide Web, "
 "both of which were developed on the basis of protocols in the public "
 "domain. It included an emerging trend to support open academic journals, "
-"including the Public Library of Science project that I describe in the "
-"Afterword. It included a project to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms "
-"(SNPs), which are thought to have great significance in biomedical "
-"research. (That nonprofit project comprised a consortium of the Wellcome "
-"Trust and pharmaceutical and technological companies, including Amersham "
-"Biosciences, AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La "
-"Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, and Searle.) It "
-"included the Global Positioning System, which Ronald Reagan set free in the "
-"early 1980s. And it included <quote>open source and free software.</quote>"
+"including the Public Library of Science project that I describe in chapter "
+"<xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"c-afterword\"/>.  It "
+"included a project to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which "
+"are thought to have great significance in biomedical research. (That "
+"nonprofit project comprised a consortium of the Wellcome Trust and "
+"pharmaceutical and technological companies, including Amersham Biosciences, "
+"AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La Roche, "
+"Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, and Searle.) It included "
+"the Global Positioning System, which Ronald Reagan set free in the early "
+"1980s. And it included <quote>open source and free software.</quote>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13115
+#: freeculture.xml:13502
 msgid ""
 "The aim of the meeting was to consider this wide range of projects from one "
 "common perspective: that none of these projects relied upon intellectual "
@@ -18138,16 +18770,21 @@ msgid ""
 "way in which proprietary claims might be used."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13508
+msgid "in international debate on intellectual property"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13123
+#: freeculture.xml:13511
 msgid ""
 "I should disclose that I was one of the people who asked WIPO for the "
 "meeting."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13122
+#: freeculture.xml:13510
 msgid ""
 "From the perspective of this book, then, the conference was "
 "ideal.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The projects within its "
@@ -18158,13 +18795,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13132 freeculture.xml:13280
+#: freeculture.xml:13520 freeculture.xml:13676
 msgid "World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 271 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13134
+#: freeculture.xml:13522
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, I was once publicly scolded for not recognizing this fact about "
 "WIPO. In February 2003, I delivered a keynote address to a preparatory "
@@ -18188,7 +18825,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13158
+#: freeculture.xml:13546
 msgid ""
 "So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I had "
 "thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus the "
@@ -18197,12 +18834,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13166 freeculture.xml:14864
+#: freeculture.xml:13555 freeculture.xml:15285
 msgid "Apple Corporation"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13556
+msgid "on free software"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13168
+#: freeculture.xml:13558
 msgid ""
 "But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, at "
 "least among lobbyists. That project is <quote>open source and free "
@@ -18216,13 +18858,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13178
+#: freeculture.xml:13568
 msgid "<quote>copyleft</quote> licenses"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13194
+#: freeculture.xml:13584
 msgid ""
 "Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
 "sophisticated.  As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with "
@@ -18243,7 +18885,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13183
+#: freeculture.xml:13573
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make clear "
 "that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial "
@@ -18258,18 +18900,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13211
+#: freeculture.xml:13602
 msgid "General Public License (GPL)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13212
+#: freeculture.xml:13603
 msgid "GPL (General Public License)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 272 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13214
+#: freeculture.xml:13605
 msgid ""
 "More important for our purposes, to support <quote>open source and free "
 "software</quote> is not to oppose copyright. <quote>Open source and free "
@@ -18287,25 +18929,25 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13231
+#: freeculture.xml:13624
 msgid "Krim, Jonathan"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13232
+#: freeculture.xml:13625
 msgid "WIPO meeting opposed by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13242
+#: freeculture.xml:13635
 msgid ""
 "Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> available at <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13234
+#: freeculture.xml:13627
 msgid ""
 "It is therefore understandable that as a proprietary software developer, "
 "Microsoft would oppose this WIPO meeting, and understandable that it would "
@@ -18318,7 +18960,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13248
+#: freeculture.xml:13641
 msgid ""
 "I don't blame Microsoft for doing what it can to advance its own interests, "
 "consistent with the law. And lobbying governments is plainly consistent with "
@@ -18328,12 +18970,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13255 freeculture.xml:13311
+#: freeculture.xml:13649 freeculture.xml:13707
 msgid "Boland, Lois"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13257
+#: freeculture.xml:13651
 msgid ""
 "What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing "
 "the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting director of "
@@ -18345,12 +18987,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13267
+#: freeculture.xml:13662
 msgid "These statements are astonishing on a number of levels."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13271
+#: freeculture.xml:13667
 msgid ""
 "First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and free "
 "software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right called "
@@ -18363,32 +19005,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13281
-msgid "drugs"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13281
-msgid "pharmaceutical"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13282
+#: freeculture.xml:13678
 msgid "generic drugs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13283
-msgid "patents"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13283
-msgid "on pharmaceuticals"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13285
+#: freeculture.xml:13681
 msgid ""
 "Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to "
 "<quote>promote</quote> intellectual property maximally? As I had been "
@@ -18404,7 +19026,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13299
+#: freeculture.xml:13695
 msgid ""
 "Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize "
 "intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property rights "
@@ -18420,7 +19042,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 274 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13313
+#: freeculture.xml:13709
 msgid ""
 "When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting "
 "<quote>which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,</quote> "
@@ -18433,8 +19055,18 @@ msgid ""
 "possible."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13720
+msgid "feudal system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13721
+msgid "feudal system of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13325
+#: freeculture.xml:13723
 msgid ""
 "There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in the "
 "Anglo-American tradition. It is called <quote>feudalism.</quote> Under "
@@ -18448,14 +19080,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13342
+#: freeculture.xml:13740
 msgid ""
 "See Drahos with Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism</citetitle>, "
 "210&ndash;20.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13339
+#: freeculture.xml:13737
 msgid ""
 "As Peter Drahos and John Braithwaite relate, this is precisely the choice we "
 "are now making about intellectual property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -18466,7 +19098,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13351
+#: freeculture.xml:13751
 msgid ""
 "When this battle broke, I blogged it. A spirited debate within the comment "
 "section ensued. Ms. Boland had a number of supporters who tried to show why "
@@ -18476,7 +19108,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 275 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13358
+#: freeculture.xml:13760
 msgid ""
 "George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it "
 "should be (<quote>the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should "
@@ -18489,7 +19121,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13370
+#: freeculture.xml:13772
 msgid ""
 "I missed the irony the first time I read it. I read it quickly and thought "
 "the poster was supporting the idea that seeking balance was what our "
@@ -18502,7 +19134,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13381
+#: freeculture.xml:13783
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea.  Instead, the "
 "poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the "
@@ -18514,7 +19146,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13389
+#: freeculture.xml:13791
 msgid ""
 "I understand criticism of academic utopianism. I think utopianism is silly, "
 "too, and I'd be the first to poke fun at the absurdly unrealistic ideals of "
@@ -18522,7 +19154,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13395
+#: freeculture.xml:13797
 msgid ""
 "But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government "
 "should be to <quote>seek balance,</quote> then count me with the silly, for "
@@ -18537,7 +19169,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 276 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13406
+#: freeculture.xml:13808
 msgid ""
 "It might be crazy to expect a high government official to speak the "
 "truth. It might be crazy to believe that government policy will be something "
@@ -18547,17 +19179,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13414
+#: freeculture.xml:13816
 msgid "If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13418
+#: freeculture.xml:13820
 msgid "Turner, Ted"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13420
+#: freeculture.xml:13822
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>There are moments</emphasis> of hope in this "
 "struggle. And moments that surprise. When the FCC was considering relaxing "
@@ -18571,7 +19203,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13431
+#: freeculture.xml:13833
 msgid ""
 "This activism did not stop the FCC, but soon after, a broad coalition in the "
 "Senate voted to reverse the FCC decision. The hostile hearings leading up to "
@@ -18581,7 +19213,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13439
+#: freeculture.xml:13841
 msgid ""
 "But even this movement misses an important piece of the puzzle.  Largeness "
 "as such is not bad. Freedom is not threatened just because some become very "
@@ -18591,7 +19223,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13446
+#: freeculture.xml:13848
 msgid ""
 "The danger in media concentration comes not from the concentration, but "
 "instead from the feudalism that this concentration, tied to the change in "
@@ -18603,7 +19235,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13456
+#: freeculture.xml:13858
 msgid ""
 "It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand competition "
 "and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as being about "
@@ -18613,7 +19245,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13463
+#: freeculture.xml:13865
 msgid ""
 "It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal number "
 "could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within the idea of "
@@ -18624,20 +19256,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13471
+#: freeculture.xml:13873
 msgid ""
 "If we were Achilles, this would be our heel. This would be the place of our "
 "tragedy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13474
+#: freeculture.xml:13876
 msgid "Dylan, Bob"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13480
+#: freeculture.xml:13882
 msgid ""
 "John Borland, <quote>RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,</quote> CNET News.com, "
 "September 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -18656,7 +19288,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13498
+#: freeculture.xml:13900
 msgid ""
 "Jon Wiederhorn, <quote>Eminem Gets Sued &hellip; by a Little Old "
 "Lady,</quote> mtv.com, 17 September 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -18666,7 +19298,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  f13. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 334 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13505
+#: freeculture.xml:13907
 msgid ""
 "Kenji Hall, Associated Press, <quote>Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for "
 "Dylan Songs,</quote> Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -18674,7 +19306,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13476
+#: freeculture.xml:13878
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>As I write</emphasis> these final words, the news is "
 "filled with stories about the RIAA lawsuits against almost three hundred "
@@ -18694,38 +19326,33 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13522
+#: freeculture.xml:13924
 msgid "BBC"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13523
+#: freeculture.xml:13925
 msgid "Brazil, free culture in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13524 freeculture.xml:13896
+#: freeculture.xml:13926 freeculture.xml:14317
 msgid "Creative Commons"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13525
+#: freeculture.xml:13927
 msgid "Gil, Gilberto"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13526
-msgid "United Kingdom"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13526
+#: freeculture.xml:13928
 msgid "public creative archive in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13531
+#: freeculture.xml:13933
 msgid ""
 "<quote>BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,</quote> BBC press "
 "release, 24 August 2003, available at <ulink "
@@ -18734,7 +19361,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13540
+#: freeculture.xml:13942
 msgid ""
 "<quote>Creative Commons and Brazil,</quote> Creative Commons Weblog, 6 "
 "August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
@@ -18743,7 +19370,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 278 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13528
+#: freeculture.xml:13930
 msgid ""
 "Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it "
 "will build a <quote>Creative Archive,</quote> from which British citizens "
@@ -18762,20 +19389,20 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 279 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13554
+#: freeculture.xml:13956
 msgid ""
 "Common sense must revolt. It must act to free culture. Soon, if this "
 "potential is ever to be realized."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13562
+#: freeculture.xml:13964
 msgid "AFTERWORD"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 280 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13566
+#: freeculture.xml:13968
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>At least some</emphasis> who have read this far will "
 "agree with me that something must be done to change where we are "
@@ -18783,7 +19410,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13571
+#: freeculture.xml:13973
 msgid ""
 "I divide this map into two parts: that which anyone can do now, and that "
 "which requires the help of lawmakers. If there is one lesson that we can "
@@ -18792,7 +19419,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13577
+#: freeculture.xml:13979
 msgid ""
 "That means this movement must begin in the streets. It must recruit a "
 "significant number of parents, teachers, librarians, creators, authors, "
@@ -18801,7 +19428,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13584
+#: freeculture.xml:13986
 msgid ""
 "Once this movement has its effect in the streets, it has some hope of having "
 "an effect in Washington. We are still a democracy. What people think "
@@ -18811,12 +19438,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13593
+#: freeculture.xml:13995
 msgid "US, NOW"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13595
+#: freeculture.xml:13997
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>Common sense</emphasis> is with the copyright "
 "warriors because the debate so far has been framed at the extremes&mdash;as "
@@ -18826,7 +19453,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13602
+#: freeculture.xml:14004
 msgid ""
 "The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in "
 "this debate, but the extremes are not all that there is. There are those who "
@@ -18838,9 +19465,14 @@ msgid ""
 "with content as you wish, regardless of whether you have permission or not."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14014
+msgid "initial free character of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #.  PAGE BREAK 282 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13612
+#: freeculture.xml:14016
 msgid ""
 "When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively "
 "tilted in the <quote>no rights reserved</quote> direction. Content could be "
@@ -18852,7 +19484,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13624
+#: freeculture.xml:14028
 msgid ""
 "This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) "
 "by copyright owners. That reaction has been the topic of this book. Through "
@@ -18869,7 +19501,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13638
+#: freeculture.xml:14044
 msgid ""
 "What's needed is a way to say something in the middle&mdash;neither "
 "<quote>all rights reserved</quote> nor <quote>no rights reserved</quote> but "
@@ -18880,12 +19512,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13647
+#: freeculture.xml:14052
 msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14053
+msgid "restoration efforts on previous aspects of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14055
+msgid "privacy rights"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13650
+#: freeculture.xml:14057
 msgid ""
 "If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will "
 "recognize this problem from other contexts. Think about privacy. Before the "
@@ -18897,12 +19539,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13660
+#: freeculture.xml:14067
 msgid "What made it assured?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13664
+#: freeculture.xml:14071
 msgid ""
 "Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter <xref "
 "xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, your privacy was "
@@ -18920,17 +19562,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13679
+#: freeculture.xml:14086
 msgid "Amazon"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13680
+#: freeculture.xml:14087
 msgid "cookies, Internet"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14088
+msgid "privacy protection on"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13682
+#: freeculture.xml:14090
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has "
 "become quite tiny. If you're a customer at Amazon, then as you browse the "
@@ -18942,8 +19589,13 @@ msgid ""
 "protected by the friction disappears, too."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14099
+msgid "privacy rights in use of"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13692
+#: freeculture.xml:14101
 msgid ""
 "Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about "
 "libraries. If you're one of those crazy lefties who thinks that people "
@@ -18956,7 +19608,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13709
+#: freeculture.xml:14119
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, <quote>Fair Information Practices and the "
 "Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),</quote> "
@@ -18971,7 +19623,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 284 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13703
+#: freeculture.xml:14113
 msgid ""
 "It is this reality that explains the push of many to define "
 "<quote>privacy</quote> on the Internet. It is the recognition that "
@@ -18984,25 +19636,29 @@ msgid ""
 "by default."
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14138
+msgid "Data General"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13727
+#: freeculture.xml:14142
 msgid ""
 "A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software "
 "movement. When computers with software were first made available "
 "commercially, the software&mdash;both the source code and the "
 "binaries&mdash; was free. You couldn't run a program written for a Data "
 "General machine on an IBM machine, so Data General and IBM didn't care much "
-"about controlling their software.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"about controlling their software."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13735
+#: freeculture.xml:14149
 msgid "Stallman, Richard"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13737
+#: freeculture.xml:14151
 msgid ""
 "That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a "
 "researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was "
@@ -19012,7 +19668,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13745
+#: freeculture.xml:14159
 msgid ""
 "In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a "
 "math department, anyone would be free to tinker with a proof that someone "
@@ -19025,8 +19681,13 @@ msgid ""
 "else?"
 msgstr ""
 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14170
+msgid "proprietary code"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13757
+#: freeculture.xml:14172
 msgid ""
 "No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for "
 "computing changed. As it became possible to import programs from one system "
@@ -19039,7 +19700,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 285 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13766
+#: freeculture.xml:14181
 msgid ""
 "Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early "
 "1980s, Stallman found himself surrounded by proprietary code.  The world of "
@@ -19049,12 +19710,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13774
+#: freeculture.xml:14190
 msgid "Torvalds, Linus"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13776
+#: freeculture.xml:14192
 msgid ""
 "Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
 "system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "
@@ -19065,7 +19726,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13784
+#: freeculture.xml:14200
 msgid ""
 "Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software "
 "that must be kept free. Software licensed under the Free Software "
@@ -19078,7 +19739,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13795
+#: freeculture.xml:14211
 msgid ""
 "Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for "
 "privacy. He was seeking a way to rebuild a kind of freedom that was taken "
@@ -19089,12 +19750,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13803
+#: freeculture.xml:14221
 msgid "scientific journals"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13805
+#: freeculture.xml:14223
 msgid ""
 "Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with "
 "the story of this book. This is the shift in the way academic and scientific "
@@ -19102,23 +19763,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13809
+#: freeculture.xml:14227
 msgid "Lexis and Westlaw"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13811
+#: freeculture.xml:14229 freeculture.xml:14265
 msgid "journals in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13812
+#: freeculture.xml:14230
 msgid "access to opinions of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 286 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13814
+#: freeculture.xml:14232
 msgid ""
 "As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that "
 "printing thousands of copies of journals every month and sending them to "
@@ -19135,17 +19796,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13829
+#: freeculture.xml:14247
 msgid "access fees for material in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13830
+#: freeculture.xml:14248
 msgid "license system for rebuilding of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13832
+#: freeculture.xml:14250
 msgid ""
 "There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to "
 "charge for access to even public domain materials is a good incentive for "
@@ -19157,7 +19818,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13843
+#: freeculture.xml:14261
 msgid ""
 "But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was "
 "through proprietary services? What if no one had the ability to browse this "
@@ -19165,7 +19826,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13848
+#: freeculture.xml:14267
 msgid ""
 "As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with "
 "scientific journals. When these journals were distributed in paper form, "
@@ -19180,7 +19841,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13860
+#: freeculture.xml:14279
 msgid ""
 "As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that "
 "libraries not give the general public access to the journals. This means "
@@ -19191,7 +19852,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 287 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13870
+#: freeculture.xml:14289
 msgid ""
 "This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the "
 "freedom that has been lost. The Public Library of Science (PLoS), for "
@@ -19205,7 +19866,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13883
+#: freeculture.xml:14303
 msgid ""
 "This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted "
 "before, but now threatened by changing technology and markets.  There's no "
@@ -19216,24 +19877,24 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13895
+#: freeculture.xml:14316
 msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13898
+#: freeculture.xml:14319
 msgid ""
 "The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the "
 "increasing control effected through law and technology."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13901
+#: freeculture.xml:14322
 msgid "Stanford University"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13903
+#: freeculture.xml:14324
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation "
 "established in Massachusetts, but with its home at Stanford University. Its "
@@ -19247,7 +19908,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 288 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13914
+#: freeculture.xml:14335
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Simple</emphasis>&mdash;which means without a middleman, or "
 "without a lawyer.  By developing a free set of licenses that people can "
@@ -19266,7 +19927,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13932
+#: freeculture.xml:14353
 msgid ""
 "These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise "
 "contours depend upon the choices the creator makes. The creator can choose a "
@@ -19280,7 +19941,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13943
+#: freeculture.xml:14364
 msgid ""
 "These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of "
 "copyright law. They also enable freedoms that go beyond traditional fair "
@@ -19293,13 +19954,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13953
+#: freeculture.xml:14374
 msgid "Garlick, Mia"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 289 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13955
+#: freeculture.xml:14376
 msgid ""
 "This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons.  And of "
 "course, Creative Commons is not the only organization pursuing such "
@@ -19313,7 +19974,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13968
+#: freeculture.xml:14389
 msgid ""
 "The aim is not to fight the <quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> sorts. The "
 "aim is to complement them. The problems that the law creates for us as a "
@@ -19328,7 +19989,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13981
+#: freeculture.xml:14402
 msgid ""
 "Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate "
 "to better spread their content. Cory Doctorow, for example, is a science "
@@ -19338,7 +19999,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13988
+#: freeculture.xml:14409
 msgid ""
 "Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned "
 "like this: There are two groups of people out there: (1)  those who will buy "
@@ -19352,7 +20013,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14000
+#: freeculture.xml:14421
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion.  "
 "The book's first printing was exhausted months before the publisher had "
@@ -19360,18 +20021,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14005
+#: freeculture.xml:14426
 msgid "Free for All (Wayner)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14006
+#: freeculture.xml:14427
 msgid "Wayner, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 290 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14008
+#: freeculture.xml:14429
 msgid ""
 "The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was "
 "confirmed by the experience of another author. Peter Wayner, who wrote a "
@@ -19383,23 +20044,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14019
+#: freeculture.xml:14440
 msgid "Public Enemy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14020
+#: freeculture.xml:14441
 msgid "rap music"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14021
+#: freeculture.xml:14442
 msgid "Leaphart, Walter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14038
+#: freeculture.xml:14459
 msgid ""
 "<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real "
 "Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg "
@@ -19408,7 +20069,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14023
+#: freeculture.xml:14444
 msgid ""
 "These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary "
 "content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There "
@@ -19428,7 +20089,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14047
+#: freeculture.xml:14468
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons "
 "license just because they want to express to others the importance of "
@@ -19443,7 +20104,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 291 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14059
+#: freeculture.xml:14480
 msgid ""
 "In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million "
 "objects were licensed with these free-culture licenses. The next step is "
@@ -19454,7 +20115,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14069
+#: freeculture.xml:14490
 msgid ""
 "These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere "
 "arguments; they are action. Building a public domain is the first step to "
@@ -19465,7 +20126,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14077
+#: freeculture.xml:14498
 msgid ""
 "Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and "
 "creators to change the mix of rights that now govern the creative field. The "
@@ -19476,12 +20137,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14091
+#: freeculture.xml:14512
 msgid "THEM, SOON"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14093
+#: freeculture.xml:14514
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis role='strong'>We will</emphasis> not reclaim a free culture by "
 "individual action alone. It will also take important reforms of laws. We "
@@ -19491,7 +20152,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14100
+#: freeculture.xml:14521
 msgid ""
 "In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and "
 "one that's specific to the most heated battle of the day, music. Each is a "
@@ -19500,12 +20161,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14107
+#: freeculture.xml:14528
 msgid "1. More Formalities"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14109
+#: freeculture.xml:14530
 msgid ""
 "If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land "
 "upon which to build a house, you have to record the purchase in a deed.  If "
@@ -19515,14 +20176,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 293 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14116
+#: freeculture.xml:14537
 msgid ""
 "These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements "
 "that we all must bear if we want our property to be protected."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14121
+#: freeculture.xml:14542
 msgid ""
 "In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, "
 "regardless of whether you comply with any formality. You don't have to "
@@ -19531,12 +20192,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14127
+#: freeculture.xml:14548
 msgid "Why?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14130
+#: freeculture.xml:14551
 msgid ""
 "As I suggested in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"property-i\"/>, the motivation to abolish formalities was a good "
@@ -19547,7 +20208,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14139
+#: freeculture.xml:14560
 msgid ""
 "But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a "
 "burden. Rather, the world without formalities is the world that burdens "
@@ -19562,7 +20223,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14153
+#: freeculture.xml:14574
 msgid ""
 "The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only.  "
 "Obviously, I believe it would be beneficial for the same idea to be adopted "
@@ -19570,7 +20231,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14151
+#: freeculture.xml:14572
 msgid ""
 "The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>&mdash;but it should not change it by going back "
@@ -19580,7 +20241,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14161
+#: freeculture.xml:14582
 msgid ""
 "The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering "
 "copyrights, and renewing the claim to copyright. Traditionally, the first of "
@@ -19591,12 +20252,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14173
+#: freeculture.xml:14594
 msgid "REGISTRATION AND RENEWAL"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14175
+#: freeculture.xml:14596
 msgid ""
 "Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the "
 "Copyright Office to register or renew a copyright. When filing that "
@@ -19611,7 +20272,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14188
+#: freeculture.xml:14609
 msgid ""
 "Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of "
 "extraordinary innovation in governmental design, can no longer think "
@@ -19623,7 +20284,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14197
+#: freeculture.xml:14618
 msgid ""
 "In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet.  There "
 "are at least 32 million Web sites registered around the world.  Domain name "
@@ -19636,7 +20297,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 295 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14207
+#: freeculture.xml:14628
 msgid ""
 "We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of "
 "copyrights. The Copyright Office may well serve as the central registry, but "
@@ -19650,12 +20311,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14222
+#: freeculture.xml:14643
 msgid "MARKING"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14224
+#: freeculture.xml:14645
 msgid ""
 "It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative "
 "work meant that the copyright was forfeited. That was a harsh punishment for "
@@ -19667,7 +20328,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14234
+#: freeculture.xml:14655
 msgid ""
 "The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted "
 "and that the author wants to enforce his rights. The mark also makes it easy "
@@ -19675,7 +20336,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14240
+#: freeculture.xml:14661
 msgid ""
 "One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that "
 "different copyrighted works had to be differently marked. It wasn't clear "
@@ -19689,7 +20350,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14257
+#: freeculture.xml:14678
 msgid ""
 "There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved "
 "here. In my view, the law of derivatives creates a more complicated system "
@@ -19698,7 +20359,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 296 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14250
+#: freeculture.xml:14671
 msgid ""
 "Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be "
 "published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need "
@@ -19714,7 +20375,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14270
+#: freeculture.xml:14691
 msgid ""
 "That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here "
 "again, the system needs to adjust as the technologies evolve. The best way "
@@ -19724,12 +20385,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14276
+#: freeculture.xml:14697
 msgid "copyright marking of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14278
+#: freeculture.xml:14699
 msgid ""
 "For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for "
 "marking CDs, it would propose that to the Copyright Office. The Copyright "
@@ -19743,7 +20404,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14290
+#: freeculture.xml:14711
 msgid ""
 "Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements.  "
 "If photographs were marked by author and year, there would be little reason "
@@ -19754,7 +20415,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14298
+#: freeculture.xml:14719
 msgid ""
 "The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system "
 "does nothing to make things clear. Indeed, it seems designed to make things "
@@ -19762,7 +20423,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14303
+#: freeculture.xml:14724
 msgid ""
 "If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most "
 "difficult aspects of relying upon the public domain would be removed.  It "
@@ -19773,12 +20434,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14315
+#: freeculture.xml:14736
 msgid "2. Shorter Terms"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14317
+#: freeculture.xml:14738
 msgid ""
 "The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for "
 "corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural "
@@ -19787,7 +20448,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14330
+#: freeculture.xml:14751
 msgid ""
 "<quote>A Radical Rethink,</quote> <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 "
 "(25 January 2003): 15, available at <ulink "
@@ -19795,7 +20456,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14322
+#: freeculture.xml:14743
 msgid ""
 "In <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>, I proposed a "
 "seventy-five-year term, granted in five-year increments with a requirement "
@@ -19808,7 +20469,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14337
+#: freeculture.xml:14758
 msgid ""
 "I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's "
 "term. But whether fourteen years or seventy-five, there are four principles "
@@ -19817,7 +20478,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  (1) 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14345
+#: freeculture.xml:14766
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it short:</emphasis> The term should be as long as necessary "
 "to give incentives to create, but no longer. If it were tied to very strong "
@@ -19830,7 +20491,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  (2) 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 298 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14354
+#: freeculture.xml:14775
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and "
 "protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of "
@@ -19844,13 +20505,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14366
+#: freeculture.xml:14787
 msgid "veterans' pensions"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14377
+#: freeculture.xml:14798
 msgid ""
 "Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation "
 "and/or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at "
@@ -19858,7 +20519,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14369
+#: freeculture.xml:14790
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it alive:</emphasis> Copyright should have to be renewed.  "
 "Especially if the maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be "
@@ -19873,7 +20534,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  (4) 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14388
+#: freeculture.xml:14809
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Keep it prospective:</emphasis> Whatever the term of copyright "
 "should be, the clearest lesson that economists teach is that a term once "
@@ -19890,7 +20551,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14404
+#: freeculture.xml:14825
 msgid ""
 "These changes together should produce an <emphasis>average</emphasis> "
 "copyright term that is much shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the "
@@ -19898,7 +20559,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14410
+#: freeculture.xml:14831
 msgid ""
 "No doubt the extremists will call these ideas <quote>radical.</quote> (After "
 "all, I call them <quote>extremists.</quote>) But again, the term I "
@@ -19908,12 +20569,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14420
+#: freeculture.xml:14841
 msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14424
+#: freeculture.xml:14845
 msgid ""
 "As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted "
 "property owners the right to control their property from the ground to the "
@@ -19924,7 +20585,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14432
+#: freeculture.xml:14853
 msgid ""
 "Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors <quote>exclusive "
 "right</quote> to <quote>their writings.</quote> Congress has given authors "
@@ -19936,20 +20597,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14440
+#: freeculture.xml:14861
 msgid "Kaplan, Benjamin"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14446
+#: freeculture.xml:14867
 msgid ""
 "Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
 "York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14442
+#: freeculture.xml:14863
 msgid ""
 "Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the "
 "exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and "
@@ -19961,12 +20622,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14459
+#: freeculture.xml:14880
 msgid "Ibid., 56."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14455
+#: freeculture.xml:14876
 msgid ""
 "So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range "
 "of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of "
@@ -19975,7 +20636,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14464
+#: freeculture.xml:14885
 msgid ""
 "I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and "
 "the expansiveness of these rights of derivative use no longer make "
@@ -19985,7 +20646,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14471
+#: freeculture.xml:14892
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Term:</emphasis> If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, "
 "then that right should be for a much shorter term. It makes sense to protect "
@@ -19997,7 +20658,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14484
+#: freeculture.xml:14905
 msgid ""
 "<emphasis>Scope:</emphasis> Likewise should the scope of derivative rights "
 "be narrowed.  Again, there are some cases in which derivative rights are "
@@ -20012,7 +20673,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14498
+#: freeculture.xml:14919
 msgid ""
 "This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint "
 "Eastwood CD. While it makes sense to require negotiation for foreseeable "
@@ -20022,12 +20683,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14514
+#: freeculture.xml:14935
 msgid "Goldstein, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14512
+#: freeculture.xml:14933
 msgid ""
 "Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the "
 "Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
@@ -20035,7 +20696,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14506
+#: freeculture.xml:14927
 msgid ""
 "In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and "
 "the presumption should be that other uses are not protected.  This is the "
@@ -20045,7 +20706,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14520
+#: freeculture.xml:14941
 msgid ""
 "Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal "
 "system were small. But as we are currently seeing in the context of the "
@@ -20056,7 +20717,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 301 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14527
+#: freeculture.xml:14948
 msgid ""
 "The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the "
 "part explicitly drawn or by granting reuse rights upon certain statutory "
@@ -20066,12 +20727,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14537
+#: freeculture.xml:14958
 msgid "4. Liberate the Music&mdash;Again"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14539
+#: freeculture.xml:14960
 msgid ""
 "The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be "
 "fair to end this book without addressing the issue that is, to most people, "
@@ -20081,7 +20742,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14546
+#: freeculture.xml:14967
 msgid ""
 "The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's "
 "growth. It drove demand for access to the Internet more powerfully than any "
@@ -20092,7 +20753,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14555
+#: freeculture.xml:14976
 msgid ""
 "The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in "
 "particular, is to create the incentives for music to be composed, performed, "
@@ -20102,7 +20763,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14562
+#: freeculture.xml:14983
 msgid ""
 "File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of "
 "content for which the performer has not been paid. But of course, that's not "
@@ -20113,7 +20774,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  A. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14571
+#: freeculture.xml:14992
 msgid ""
 "There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
 "CDs."
@@ -20121,7 +20782,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  B. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14576
+#: freeculture.xml:14997
 msgid ""
 "There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to "
 "purchasing CDs."
@@ -20130,7 +20791,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  PAGE BREAK 302 
 #.  C. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14582
+#: freeculture.xml:15003
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been "
@@ -20139,7 +20800,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  D. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14588
+#: freeculture.xml:15009
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly "
@@ -20147,7 +20808,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14596
+#: freeculture.xml:15017
 msgid ""
 "Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must "
 "avoid burdening type D even if it aims to eliminate type A. The eagerness "
@@ -20158,7 +20819,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14604
+#: freeculture.xml:15025
 msgid ""
 "As I said in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
 "linkend=\"piracy\"/>, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial.  "
@@ -20168,7 +20829,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14612
+#: freeculture.xml:15033
 msgid ""
 "Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context "
 "that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should "
@@ -20176,7 +20837,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14617
+#: freeculture.xml:15038
 msgid ""
 "Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive "
 "today because it is the easiest way to gain access to a broad range of "
@@ -20191,7 +20852,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 303 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14629
+#: freeculture.xml:15050
 msgid ""
 "But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the "
 "Internet today is a technology in transition. Policy makers should not make "
@@ -20207,13 +20868,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14643
+#: freeculture.xml:15064
 msgid "cell phones, music streamed over"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14663
+#: freeculture.xml:15084
 msgid ""
 "See, for example, <quote>Music Media Watch,</quote> The J@pan "
 "Inc. Newsletter, 3 April 2002, available at <ulink "
@@ -20221,7 +20882,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14645
+#: freeculture.xml:15066
 msgid ""
 "In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give "
 "you access to content on the fly&mdash;such as Internet radio, content that "
@@ -20243,7 +20904,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 304 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14670
+#: freeculture.xml:15091
 msgid ""
 "This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the "
 "present: It is emphatically temporary. The <quote>problem</quote> with file "
@@ -20259,7 +20920,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14686
+#: freeculture.xml:15107
 msgid ""
 "The answer begins with recognizing that there are different "
 "<quote>problems</quote> here to solve. Let's start with type D "
@@ -20273,7 +20934,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14697
+#: freeculture.xml:15118
 msgid ""
 "Type C content raises a different <quote>problem.</quote> This is content "
 "that was, at one time, published and is no longer available. It may be "
@@ -20285,7 +20946,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14708
+#: freeculture.xml:15129
 msgid ""
 "Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, "
 "it may still be available in libraries and used book stores. But libraries "
@@ -20298,7 +20959,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14718
+#: freeculture.xml:15139
 msgid ""
 "The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem "
 "out-of-print music fair game. If the publisher does not make copies of the "
@@ -20311,7 +20972,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 305 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14729
+#: freeculture.xml:15150
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure "
 "that artists get something from the trade of their work. For example, if the "
@@ -20323,7 +20984,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14739
+#: freeculture.xml:15160
 msgid ""
 "This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works "
 "available commercially. Works that are available commercially would not be "
@@ -20336,7 +20997,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14749
+#: freeculture.xml:15170
 msgid ""
 "The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only "
 "because the extent of the problem will change over time, as the technologies "
@@ -20347,14 +21008,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14757
+#: freeculture.xml:15178
 msgid ""
 "So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in "
 "this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14761
+#: freeculture.xml:15182
 msgid ""
 "Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of "
 "the content industry is this: A new technology (the Internet)  has harmed a "
@@ -20368,7 +21029,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 306 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14772
+#: freeculture.xml:15193
 msgid ""
 "I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or "
 "asbestos.  But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law.  "
@@ -20379,17 +21040,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14779 freeculture.xml:14821
+#: freeculture.xml:15200 freeculture.xml:15242
 msgid "Promises to Keep (Fisher)"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14819
+#: freeculture.xml:15240
 msgid "Fisher, William"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14785
+#: freeculture.xml:15206
 msgid ""
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> William Fisher, "
 "<citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</citetitle> (last "
@@ -20431,7 +21092,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14781
+#: freeculture.xml:15202
 msgid ""
 "The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by "
 "Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
@@ -20446,7 +21107,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14835
+#: freeculture.xml:15256
 msgid ""
 "Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million "
 "questions, most of which he answers well in his upcoming book, "
@@ -20464,7 +21125,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 307 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14852
+#: freeculture.xml:15273
 msgid ""
 "Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is "
 "not just to ensure that artists are paid, but also to ensure that the system "
@@ -20477,17 +21138,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14865
+#: freeculture.xml:15286
 msgid "MusicStore"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14867
+#: freeculture.xml:15288
 msgid "prices of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14869
+#: freeculture.xml:15290
 msgid ""
 "No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of "
 "<quote>harm</quote> to an industry. But the difficulty of making that "
@@ -20505,22 +21166,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14884
+#: freeculture.xml:15305
 msgid "cable vs. broadcast"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14887
-msgid "film industry"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14887
+#: freeculture.xml:15308
 msgid "luxury theatres vs. video piracy in"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14889
+#: freeculture.xml:15310
 msgid ""
 "This competition has already occurred against the background of "
 "<quote>free</quote> music from p2p systems. As the sellers of cable "
@@ -20536,7 +21192,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14901
+#: freeculture.xml:15322
 msgid ""
 "This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't "
 "lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of "
@@ -20547,13 +21203,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14910
+#: freeculture.xml:15331
 msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 308 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14915
+#: freeculture.xml:15336
 msgid ""
 "The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in "
 "transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to "
@@ -20562,19 +21218,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14922
+#: freeculture.xml:15343
 msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14928
+#: freeculture.xml:15349
 msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  2. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14932
+#: freeculture.xml:15353
 msgid ""
 "permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial "
 "type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;"
@@ -20582,14 +21238,14 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14938
+#: freeculture.xml:15359
 msgid ""
 "while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the "
 "extent actual harm is demonstrated."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14943
+#: freeculture.xml:15364
 msgid ""
 "But what if <quote>piracy</quote> doesn't disappear? What if there is a "
 "competitive market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number "
@@ -20598,7 +21254,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14949
+#: freeculture.xml:15370
 msgid ""
 "Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts "
 "develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue "
@@ -20615,7 +21271,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 309 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14963
+#: freeculture.xml:15384
 msgid ""
 "But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of "
 "type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding "
@@ -20625,12 +21281,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14974
+#: freeculture.xml:15395
 msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14976
+#: freeculture.xml:15397
 msgid ""
 "I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe "
 "in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, "
@@ -20639,7 +21295,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14982
+#: freeculture.xml:15403
 msgid ""
 "Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers "
 "have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that "
@@ -20649,23 +21305,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14989
+#: freeculture.xml:15410
 msgid "Nimmer, Melville"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14990
-msgid "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) (1998)"
-msgstr ""
-
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14990
+#: freeculture.xml:15411
 msgid "Supreme Court challenge of"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15001
+#: freeculture.xml:15422
 msgid ""
 "Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville "
 "B. Nimmer Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 "
@@ -20673,7 +21324,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14992
+#: freeculture.xml:15413
 msgid ""
 "The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a "
 "<quote>radical</quote> by many within the profession, yet the positions that "
@@ -20686,7 +21337,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15007
+#: freeculture.xml:15428
 msgid ""
 "However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is "
 "not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure "
@@ -20694,7 +21345,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15017
+#: freeculture.xml:15438
 msgid ""
 "A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be "
 "commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to "
@@ -20714,7 +21365,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15012
+#: freeculture.xml:15433
 msgid ""
 "Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits.  But "
 "more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system "
@@ -20726,7 +21377,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 310 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15041
+#: freeculture.xml:15462
 msgid ""
 "But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for "
 "anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is "
@@ -20736,7 +21387,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15049
+#: freeculture.xml:15470
 msgid ""
 "These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at "
 "the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a "
@@ -20749,7 +21400,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15059
+#: freeculture.xml:15480
 msgid ""
 "The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our "
 "tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty "
@@ -20760,7 +21411,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15067
+#: freeculture.xml:15488
 msgid ""
 "But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away "
 "from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the "
@@ -20768,7 +21419,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15074
+#: freeculture.xml:15495
 msgid ""
 "Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital "
 "technology&mdash;the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about "
@@ -20781,7 +21432,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 311
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15083
+#: freeculture.xml:15504
 msgid ""
 "The law should regulate in certain areas of culture&mdash;but it should "
 "regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely "
@@ -20791,7 +21442,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15092
+#: freeculture.xml:15513
 msgid ""
 "We should ask, <quote>Why?</quote> Show me why your regulation of culture is "
 "needed. Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your "
@@ -20799,12 +21450,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15101
+#: freeculture.xml:15522
 msgid "NOTES"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15103
+#: freeculture.xml:15524
 msgid ""
 "Throughout this text, there are references to links on the World Wide "
 "Web. As anyone who has tried to use the Web knows, these links can be highly "
@@ -20818,12 +21469,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15122
+#: freeculture.xml:15543
 msgid "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15124
+#: freeculture.xml:15545
 msgid ""
 "This book is the product of a long and as yet unsuccessful struggle that "
 "began when I read of Eric Eldred's war to keep books free. Eldred's work "
@@ -20832,7 +21483,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15131
+#: freeculture.xml:15552
 msgid ""
 "I received guidance in various places from friends and academics, including "
 "Glenn Brown, Peter DiCola, Jennifer Mnookin, Richard Posner, Mark Rose, and "
@@ -20848,7 +21499,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #. PAGE BREAK 337
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15144
+#: freeculture.xml:15565
 msgid ""
 "Yuko Noguchi helped me to understand the laws of Japan as well as its "
 "culture. I am thankful to her, and to the many in Japan who helped me "
@@ -20861,7 +21512,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15155
+#: freeculture.xml:15576
 msgid ""
 "These are the traditional sorts of help that academics regularly draw "
 "upon. But in addition to them, the Internet has made it possible to receive "
@@ -20883,7 +21534,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15175
+#: freeculture.xml:15596
 msgid ""
 "Richard Stallman and Michael Carroll each read the whole book in draft, and "
 "each provided extremely helpful correction and advice.  Michael helped me to "
@@ -20894,7 +21545,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15184
+#: freeculture.xml:15605
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and forever, I am thankful to Bettina, who has always insisted that "
 "there would be unending happiness away from these battles, and who has "