X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-free-culture-lessig.git/blobdiff_plain/5652f4c1c1bf8c9ef6e517fb86e4897a971503ef..6bf4a8ea9fc92b6cccf7d9af1cf523717d1fb3a4:/freeculture.xml diff --git a/freeculture.xml b/freeculture.xml index 2e54fca..46bcf9a 100644 --- a/freeculture.xml +++ b/freeculture.xml @@ -42,10 +42,17 @@ -
- Creative Commons, Some rights reserved - -
+ + + + + + + + + Creative Commons, Some rights reserved + + @@ -1655,7 +1662,9 @@ free culture. It is becoming much less so. CHAPTER TWO: "Mere Copyists" -Daguerre, Louis + + photography + In 1839, Louis Daguerre invented the first practical technology for producing what we would call "photographs." Appropriately enough, they @@ -1664,6 +1673,7 @@ expensive, and the field was thus limited to professionals and a few zealous and wealthy amateurs. (There was even an American Daguerre Association that helped regulate the industry, as do all such associations, by keeping competition down so as to keep prices up.) +Daguerre, Louis Yet despite high prices, the demand for daguerreotypes was strong. @@ -1675,6 +1685,7 @@ the 1870s, dry plates were developed, making it easier to separate the taking of a picture from its developing. These were still plates of glass, and thus it was still not a process within reach of most amateurs. +Talbot, William Eastman, George @@ -1728,7 +1739,7 @@ improved. Roll film thus became the basis for the explosive growth of popular photography. Eastman's camera first went on sale in 1888; one year later, Kodak was printing more than six thousand negatives a day. From 1888 through 1909, while industrial production was rising by 4.7 -percent, photographic equipment and material sales increased by +percent, photographic equipment and material sales increased by 11 percent. Jenkins, 177. @@ -1876,6 +1887,7 @@ doing something with media. By doing, they think. By tinkering, they learn. + These buses are not cheap, but the technology they carry is increasingly so. The cost of a high-quality digital video system has @@ -3395,6 +3407,7 @@ Microsoft, Microsoft benefits from the piracy. If instead of pirating Microsoft Windows, the Chinese used the free GNU/Linux operating system, then these Chinese users would not eventually be buying Microsoft. Without piracy, then, Microsoft would lose. +GNU/Linux operating system Linux operating system Microsoft @@ -3422,6 +3435,7 @@ means giving the property owner the right to say who gets access to what—at least ordinarily. And if the law properly balances the rights of the copyright owner with the rights of access, then violating the law is still wrong. +GNU/Linux operating system Linux operating system @@ -4085,7 +4099,7 @@ together, a pattern is clear: -Table +Pattern of Court and Congress response @@ -7331,6 +7345,7 @@ on the Adobe site was a copy of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. This wonderful book is in the public domain. Yet when you clicked on Permissions for that book, you got the following report: +Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll)
List of the permissions for "Alice's Adventures in @@ -8233,7 +8248,7 @@ that copyright law has undergone. In 1790, the law looked like this: </para> <table id="t2"> -<title> +Law status in 1790
@@ -8271,7 +8286,7 @@ By the end of the nineteenth century, the law had changed to this:
- +Law status at the end of ninetheenth centory @@ -8310,7 +8325,7 @@ we could say the law began to look like this:
- +Law status in 1975 @@ -8343,7 +8358,7 @@ that the law now looks like this:
- +Law status now @@ -9736,6 +9751,7 @@ compliance literature). We pride ourselves on our "free society," but an endless array of ordinary behavior is regulated within our society. And as a result, a huge proportion of Americans regularly violate at least some law. +alcohol prohibition This state of affairs is not without consequence. It is a particularly @@ -10536,6 +10552,7 @@ But it is not piracy when the law allows it; and in our constitutional system, our law requires it. Some may not like the Constitution's requirements, but that doesn't make the Constitution a pirate's charter. +Nashville Songwriters Association As we've seen, our constitutional system requires limits on @@ -11083,6 +11100,7 @@ copyright scholars and one by First Amendment scholars. There was an exhaustive and uncontroverted brief by the world's experts in the history of the Progress Clause. And of course, there was a new brief by Eagle Forum, repeating and strengthening its arguments. +GNU/Linux operating system Linux operating system Eagle Forum @@ -11091,6 +11109,8 @@ Those briefs framed a legal argument. Then to support the legal argument, there were a number of powerful briefs by libraries and archives, including the Internet Archive, the American Association of Law Libraries, and the National Writers Union. +American Association of Law Libraries +National Writers Union But two briefs captured the policy argument best. One made the @@ -12533,6 +12553,7 @@ Model, discussion at New York University Stern School of Business (3 May 2001), available at link #63. +GNU/Linux operating system Linux operating system @@ -13081,6 +13102,7 @@ Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was the birth of the GNU project, into which Linus Torvalds's "Linux" kernel was added to produce the GNU/Linux operating system. +GNU/Linux operating system Linux operating system