X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-free-culture-lessig.git/blobdiff_plain/21e6d25f6dedcb50b352fca92bc4b928ece92eb2..5b68e300fbf3862ef8a7a099823723b6b9eb9e6f:/freeculture.nb.po diff --git a/freeculture.nb.po b/freeculture.nb.po index b76878d..7d1dc10 100644 --- a/freeculture.nb.po +++ b/freeculture.nb.po @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Free Culture by Lawrence Lessig\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-08-12 22:22+0300\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-08-16 11:34+0300\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2012-07-13 21:50+0200\n" "Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen \n" "Language-Team: Norwegian BokmÃ¥l \n" @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ msgstr "©" #. type: Attribute 'lang' of: msgid "en" -msgstr "nb" +msgstr "no" #. type: Content of: msgid "Free Culture" @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ msgstr "Fri kultur" msgid "<abbrev>\"freeculture\"</abbrev>" msgstr "<abbrev>\"frikultur\"</abbrev>" -#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><para> +#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><subtitle> msgid "" "HOW BIG MEDIA USES TECHNOLOGY AND THE LAW TO LOCK DOWN CULTURE AND CONTROL " "CREATIVITY" @@ -217,18 +217,6 @@ msgstr "The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World" msgid "Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace" msgstr "Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace" -#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><para> -msgid "THE PENGUIN PRESS, NEW YORK" -msgstr "The Penguin Press, New York" - -#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><para> -msgid "FREE CULTURE" -msgstr "Fri Kultur" - -#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><para> -msgid "LAWRENCE LESSIG" -msgstr "Lawrence Lessig" - #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> msgid "" "THE PENGUIN PRESS, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 375 Hudson Street " @@ -573,13 +561,7 @@ msgid "" "the effective scope of the law. The law is changing; that change is altering " "the way our culture gets made; that change should worry you—whether or " "not you care about the Internet, and whether you're on Safire's left or on " -"his right. The inspiration for the title and for much of the argument of " -"this book comes from the work of Richard Stallman and the Free Software " -"Foundation. Indeed, as I reread Stallman's own work, especially the essays " -"in <citetitle>Free Software, Free Society</citetitle>, I realize that all of " -"the theoretical insights I develop here are insights Stallman described " -"decades ago. One could thus well argue that this work is <quote>merely</" -"quote> derivative." +"his right." msgstr "" "Denne idéen er et element i argumentet til <citetitle>Fri Kultur</" "citetitle>, selv om min fokus ikke bare er pÃ¥ konsentrasjonen av makt som " @@ -588,10 +570,22 @@ msgstr "" "det effektive virkeomrÃ¥det til loven. Loven er i endring, og endringen " "forandrer pÃ¥ hvordan vÃ¥r kultur blir skapt. Den endringen bør bekymre " "deg—Uansett om du bryr deg om internett eller ikke, og uansett om du " -"er til venstre for Safires eller til høyre. Inspirasjonen til tittelen og " -"mye av argumentet i denne boken kommer fra arbeidet til Richard Stallman og " -"Free Software Foundation. Faktisk, da jeg leste Stallmans egne tekster pÃ¥ " -"nytt, spesielt essyene i <citetitle>Free Software, Free Society</citetitle>, " +"er til venstre for Safires eller til høyre." + +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">The inspiration</emphasis> for the title and for " +"much of the argument of this book comes from the work of Richard Stallman " +"and the Free Software Foundation. Indeed, as I reread Stallman's own work, " +"especially the essays in <citetitle>Free Software, Free Society</citetitle>, " +"I realize that all of the theoretical insights I develop here are insights " +"Stallman described decades ago. One could thus well argue that this work is " +"<quote>merely</quote> derivative." +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Inspirasjonen</emphasis> til tittelen og mye av " +"argumentet i denne boken kommer fra arbeidet til Richard Stallman og Free " +"Software Foundation. Faktisk, da jeg leste Stallmans egne tekster pÃ¥ nytt, " +"spesielt essyene i <citetitle>Free Software, Free Society</citetitle>, " "innser jeg at alle de teoretiske innsiktene jeg utvikler her er innsikter " "som Stallman beskrev for tiÃ¥r siden. Man kan dermed godt argumentere for at " "dette verket <quote>kun</quote> er et avledet verk." @@ -672,19 +666,19 @@ msgstr "Wright-brødrene" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" -"On December 17, 1903, on a windy North Carolina beach for just shy of one " -"hundred seconds, the Wright brothers demonstrated that a heavier-than-air, " -"self-propelled vehicle could fly. The moment was electric and its importance " -"widely understood. Almost immediately, there was an explosion of interest in " -"this newfound technology of manned flight, and a gaggle of innovators began " -"to build upon it." +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">On December 17</emphasis>, 1903, on a windy North " +"Carolina beach for just shy of one hundred seconds, the Wright brothers " +"demonstrated that a heavier-than-air, self-propelled vehicle could fly. The " +"moment was electric and its importance widely understood. Almost " +"immediately, there was an explosion of interest in this newfound technology " +"of manned flight, and a gaggle of innovators began to build upon it." msgstr "" -"17. desember 1903, pÃ¥ en vindfylt strand i Nord-Carolina i sÃ¥vidt under " -"hundre sekunder, demonstrerte Wright-brødrene at et selvdrevet fartøy tyngre " -"enn luft kunne fly. Øyeblikket var elektrisk, og dens betydning ble alment " -"forstÃ¥tt. Nesten umiddelbart, eksploderte interessen for denne nye " -"teknologien som muliggjorde bemannet luftfart og en hærskare av oppfinnere " -"begynte Ã¥ bygge videre pÃ¥ den." +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Den 17. desember</emphasis> 1903, pÃ¥ en vindfylt " +"strand i Nord-Carolina i sÃ¥vidt under hundre sekunder, demonstrerte Wright-" +"brødrene at et selvdrevet fartøy tyngre enn luft kunne fly. Øyeblikket var " +"elektrisk, og dens betydning ble alment forstÃ¥tt. Nesten umiddelbart, " +"eksploderte interessen for denne nye teknologien som muliggjorde bemannet " +"luftfart og en hærskare av oppfinnere begynte Ã¥ bygge videre pÃ¥ den." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para> msgid "" @@ -890,18 +884,19 @@ msgstr "" msgid "Armstrong, Edwin Howard" msgstr "Armstrong, Edwin Howard" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><indexterm><primary> +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary> msgid "Bell, Alexander Graham" msgstr "Bell, Alexander Graham" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><indexterm><primary> +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary> msgid "Edison, Thomas" msgstr "Edison, Thomas" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><indexterm><primary> +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary> msgid "Faraday, Michael" msgstr "Faraday, Michael" +#. PAGE BREAK 19 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role='strong'>Edwin Howard Armstrong</emphasis> is one of " @@ -913,8 +908,7 @@ msgid "" "discovered electric induction in 1831. But he had the same intuition about " "how the world of radio worked, and on at least three occasions, Armstrong " "invented profoundly important technologies that advanced our understanding " -"of radio. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=" -"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>" +"of radio." msgstr "" "<emphasis role='strong'>Edwin Howard Armstrong</emphasis> er en av USAs " "glemte oppfinnergenier. Han dukket opp pÃ¥ oppfinnerscenen etter titaner som " @@ -924,9 +918,7 @@ msgstr "" "som var bokbinderlærling da han oppdaget elektrisk induksjon i 1831. Men " "han hadde like god intuisjon om hvordan radioverden virket, og ved minst tre " "anledninger, fant Armstrong opp svært viktig teknologier som brakte vÃ¥r " -"forstÃ¥else av radio et hopp videre. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=" -"\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=" -"\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>" +"forstÃ¥else av radio et hopp videre." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -1053,6 +1045,10 @@ msgstr "" "starte en hel forbannet ny industri i konkurranse med RCA.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary> +msgid "Lessing, Lawrence" +msgstr "Lessing, Lawrence" + #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" "Armstrong's invention threatened RCA's AM empire, so the company launched a " @@ -1215,20 +1211,22 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" -"There's no single inventor of the Internet. Nor is there any good date upon " -"which to mark its birth. Yet in a very short time, the Internet has become " -"part of ordinary American life. According to the Pew Internet and American " -"Life Project, 58 percent of Americans had access to the Internet in 2002, up " -"from 49 percent two years before.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " -"That number could well exceed two thirds of the nation by the end of 2004." -msgstr "" -"Det er ingen enkeltoppfinner av Internet. Ei heller er det en god dato som " -"kan brukes til Ã¥ markere nÃ¥r det ble født. Likevel har internettet i løpet " -"av svært kort tid blitt en del av vanlige amerikaneres liv. I følge the Pew " -"Internet and American Life-prosjektet, har 58 prosent av amerikanerne hatt " -"tilgang til internettet i 2002, opp fra 49 prosent to Ã¥r tidligere." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det tallet kan uten problemer " -"passere to tredjedeler av nasjonen ved utgangen av 2004." +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">There's no</emphasis> single inventor of the " +"Internet. Nor is there any good date upon which to mark its birth. Yet in a " +"very short time, the Internet has become part of ordinary American life. " +"According to the Pew Internet and American Life Project, 58 percent of " +"Americans had access to the Internet in 2002, up from 49 percent two years " +"before.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That number could well " +"exceed two thirds of the nation by the end of 2004." +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Det er ingen</emphasis> enkeltoppfinner av " +"Internet. Ei heller er det en god dato som kan brukes til Ã¥ markere nÃ¥r det " +"ble født. Likevel har internettet i løpet av svært kort tid blitt en del av " +"vanlige amerikaneres liv. I følge the Pew Internet and American Life-" +"prosjektet, har 58 prosent av amerikanerne hatt tilgang til internettet i " +"2002, opp fra 49 prosent to Ã¥r tidligere.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Det tallet kan uten problemer passere to tredjedeler av nasjonen ved " +"utgangen av 2004." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -1638,33 +1636,34 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" -"Like the Causbys' battle, this war is, in part, about <quote>property.</" -"quote> The property of this war is not as tangible as the Causbys', and no " -"innocent chicken has yet to lose its life. Yet the ideas surrounding this " -"<quote>property</quote> are as obvious to most as the Causbys' claim about " -"the sacredness of their farm was to them. We are the Causbys. Most of us " -"take for granted the extraordinarily powerful claims that the owners of " -"<quote>intellectual property</quote> now assert. Most of us, like the " -"Causbys, treat these claims as obvious. And hence we, like the Causbys, " -"object when a new technology interferes with this property. It is as plain " -"to us as it was to them that the new technologies of the Internet are " -"<quote>trespassing</quote> upon legitimate claims of <quote>property.</" -"quote> It is as plain to us as it was to them that the law should intervene " -"to stop this trespass." -msgstr "" -"Lik Causbyenes kamp er denne krigen, delvis, om <quote>eiendomsrett</quote>. " -"Eiendommen i denne krigen er ikke like hÃ¥ndfast som den til Causbyene, og " -"ingen uskyldige kyllinger har sÃ¥ langt mistet livet. Likevel er idéene " -"rundt denne <quote>eiendomsretten</quote> like Ã¥penbare for de fleste som " -"Causbyenes krav om ukrenkeligheten til deres bondegÃ¥rd var for dem. De " -"fleste av oss tar for gitt de uvanlig mektige krav som eierne av " -"<quote>immaterielle rettigheter</quote> nÃ¥ hevder. De fleste av oss, som " -"Causbyene, behandler disse kravene som Ã¥penbare. Og dermed protesterer vi, " -"som Causbyene,, nÃ¥r ny teknologi griper inn i denne eiendomsretten. Det er " -"sÃ¥ klart for oss som det var fro dem at de nye teknologiene til internettet " -"<quote>tar seg til rette</quote> mot legitime krav til <quote>eiendomsrett</" -"quote>. Det er like klart for oss som det var for dem at loven skulle ta " -"affære for Ã¥ stoppe denne inntrengingen i annen manns eiendom." +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Like the Causbys'</emphasis> battle, this war is, " +"in part, about <quote>property.</quote> The property of this war is not as " +"tangible as the Causbys', and no innocent chicken has yet to lose its life. " +"Yet the ideas surrounding this <quote>property</quote> are as obvious to " +"most as the Causbys' claim about the sacredness of their farm was to them. " +"We are the Causbys. Most of us take for granted the extraordinarily powerful " +"claims that the owners of <quote>intellectual property</quote> now assert. " +"Most of us, like the Causbys, treat these claims as obvious. And hence we, " +"like the Causbys, object when a new technology interferes with this " +"property. It is as plain to us as it was to them that the new technologies " +"of the Internet are <quote>trespassing</quote> upon legitimate claims of " +"<quote>property.</quote> It is as plain to us as it was to them that the law " +"should intervene to stop this trespass." +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Lik Causbyenes</emphasis> kamp er denne krigen, " +"delvis, om <quote>eiendomsrett</quote>. Eiendommen i denne krigen er ikke " +"like hÃ¥ndfast som den til Causbyene, og ingen uskyldige kyllinger har sÃ¥ " +"langt mistet livet. Likevel er idéene rundt denne <quote>eiendomsretten</" +"quote> like Ã¥penbare for de fleste som Causbyenes krav om ukrenkeligheten " +"til deres bondegÃ¥rd var for dem. De fleste av oss tar for gitt de uvanlig " +"mektige krav som eierne av <quote>immaterielle rettigheter</quote> nÃ¥ " +"hevder. De fleste av oss, som Causbyene, behandler disse kravene som " +"Ã¥penbare. Og dermed protesterer vi, som Causbyene,, nÃ¥r ny teknologi griper " +"inn i denne eiendomsretten. Det er sÃ¥ klart for oss som det var fro dem at " +"de nye teknologiene til internettet <quote>tar seg til rette</quote> mot " +"legitime krav til <quote>eiendomsrett</quote>. Det er like klart for oss " +"som det var for dem at loven skulle ta affære for Ã¥ stoppe denne " +"inntrengingen i annen manns eiendom." #. PAGE BREAK 27 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> @@ -1770,13 +1769,14 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" -"The struggle that rages just now centers on two ideas: <quote>piracy</quote> " -"and <quote>property.</quote> My aim in this book's next two parts is to " -"explore these two ideas." +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">The struggle</emphasis> that rages just now " +"centers on two ideas: <quote>piracy</quote> and <quote>property.</quote> My " +"aim in this book's next two parts is to explore these two ideas." msgstr "" -"Basketaket som pÃ¥gÃ¥r akkurat nÃ¥ senterer seg rundt to idéer: " -"<quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> og <quote>eiendom</quote>. Mitt mÃ¥l med " -"denne bokens neste to deler er Ã¥ utforske disse to idéene." +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Basketaket</emphasis> som pÃ¥gÃ¥r akkurat nÃ¥ " +"senterer seg rundt to idéer: <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> og " +"<quote>eiendom</quote>. Mitt mÃ¥l med denne bokens neste to deler er Ã¥ " +"utforske disse to idéene." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -1842,18 +1842,19 @@ msgstr "Mansfield, William Murray, Lord" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> msgid "" -"Since the inception of the law regulating creative property, there has been " -"a war against <quote>piracy.</quote> The precise contours of this concept, " -"<quote>piracy,</quote> are hard to sketch, but the animating injustice is " -"easy to capture. As Lord Mansfield wrote in a case that extended the reach " -"of English copyright law to include sheet music," +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Since the inception</emphasis> of the law " +"regulating creative property, there has been a war against <quote>piracy.</" +"quote> The precise contours of this concept, <quote>piracy,</quote> are hard " +"to sketch, but the animating injustice is easy to capture. As Lord " +"Mansfield wrote in a case that extended the reach of English copyright law " +"to include sheet music," msgstr "" -"Helt siden loven begynte Ã¥ regulere kreative eierrettigheter, har det vært " -"en krig mot <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote>. De presise konturene av dette " -"konseptet, <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote>, har vært vanskelig Ã¥ tegne opp, " -"men bildet av urettferdighet er enkelt Ã¥ beskrive. Som Lord Mansfield skrev " -"i en sak som utvidet rekkevidden for engelsk opphavsrettslov til Ã¥ inkludere " -"noteark," +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Helt siden</emphasis> loven begynte Ã¥ regulere " +"kreative eierrettigheter, har det vært en krig mot <quote>piratvirksomhet</" +"quote>. De presise konturene av dette konseptet, <quote>piratvirksomhet</" +"quote>, har vært vanskelig Ã¥ tegne opp, men bildet av urettferdighet er " +"enkelt Ã¥ beskrive. Som Lord Mansfield skrev i en sak som utvidet " +"rekkevidden for engelsk opphavsrettslov til Ã¥ inkludere noteark," #. f1 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><blockquote><para><footnote><para> @@ -1960,6 +1961,14 @@ msgstr "" msgid "Dreyfuss, Rochelle" msgstr "Dreyfuss, Rochelle" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary> +msgid "Girl Schouts" +msgstr "Jentespeidere" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> +msgid "<quote>if value, then right</quote> theory" +msgstr "<quote>hvis verdi, sÃ¥ rettighet</quote>-teorien" + #. f2 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para> msgid "" @@ -2157,22 +2166,27 @@ msgstr "Kapittel en: Skaperne" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> msgid "animated cartoons" +msgstr "animasjonsfilmer" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> +msgid "cartoon films" msgstr "tegnefilmer" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" -"In 1928, a cartoon character was born. An early Mickey Mouse made his debut " -"in May of that year, in a silent flop called <citetitle>Plane Crazy</" -"citetitle>. In November, in New York City's Colony Theater, in the first " -"widely distributed cartoon synchronized with sound, <citetitle>Steamboat " -"Willie</citetitle> brought to life the character that would become Mickey " -"Mouse." +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">In 1928</emphasis>, a cartoon character was born. " +"An early Mickey Mouse made his debut in May of that year, in a silent flop " +"called <citetitle>Plane Crazy</citetitle>. In November, in New York City's " +"Colony Theater, in the first widely distributed cartoon synchronized with " +"sound, <citetitle>Steamboat Willie</citetitle> brought to life the character " +"that would become Mickey Mouse." msgstr "" -"I 1928 ble en tegnefilmfigur født. En tidlig Mikke Mus debuterte i mai " -"dette Ã¥ret, i en stille flopp ved navn <citetitle>Plane Crazy</citetitle>. " -"I november, i Colony teateret i New York City, ble den første vidt " -"distribuerte tegnefilmen med synkronisert lyd, <citetitle>Steamboat Willy</" -"citetitle>, vist frem med figuren som skulle bli til Mikke Mus." +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">I 1928</emphasis> ble en tegnefilmfigur født. En " +"tidlig Mikke Mus debuterte i mai dette Ã¥ret, i en stille flopp ved navn " +"<citetitle>Plane Crazy</citetitle>. I november, i Colony teateret i New " +"York City, ble den første vidt distribuerte tegnefilmen med synkronisert " +"lyd, <citetitle>Steamboat Willy</citetitle>, vist frem med figuren som " +"skulle bli til Mikke Mus." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -2551,15 +2565,15 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" -"Of course, Walt Disney had no monopoly on <quote>Walt Disney creativity.</" -"quote> Nor does America. The norm of free culture has, until recently, and " -"except within totalitarian nations, been broadly exploited and quite " -"universal." +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Of course</emphasis>, Walt Disney had no monopoly " +"on <quote>Walt Disney creativity.</quote> Nor does America. The norm of free " +"culture has, until recently, and except within totalitarian nations, been " +"broadly exploited and quite universal." msgstr "" -"Walt Disney hadde selvfølgelig ikke monopol pÃ¥ <quote>Walt Disney-" -"kreativitet</quote>. Det har heller ikke USA. Normen med fri kultur har, " -"inntil nylig, og unntatt i totalitære nasjoner, vært bredt utnyttet og svært " -"universell." +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Walt Disney</emphasis> hadde selvfølgelig ikke " +"monopol pÃ¥ <quote>Walt Disney-kreativitet</quote>. Det har heller ikke " +"USA. Normen med fri kultur har, inntil nylig, og unntatt i totalitære " +"nasjoner, vært bredt utnyttet og svært universell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -2829,8 +2843,7 @@ msgid "" "artists were regularly prosecuted? Would the Japanese gain something " "important if they could end this practice of uncompensated sharing? Does " "piracy here hurt the victims of the piracy, or does it help them? Would " -"lawyers fighting this piracy help their clients or hurt them? Let's pause " -"for a moment." +"lawyers fighting this piracy help their clients or hurt them?" msgstr "" "Dette er et tema vi kommer tilbake til: at lovens regulering bÃ¥de er en " "funksjon av ordene i bøkene, og kostnadene med Ã¥ fÃ¥ disse ordene til Ã¥ ha " @@ -2840,7 +2853,11 @@ msgstr "" "noe viktig hvis de kunne stoppe praksisen med deling uten kompensasjon? " "Skader piratvirksomhet ofrene for piratvirksomheten, eller hjelper den dem? " "Ville advokaters kamp mot denne piratvirksomheten hjelpe deres klienter, " -"eller skade dem? La oss ta et øyeblikks pause." +"eller skade dem?" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +msgid "<emphasis role='strong'>Let's pause</emphasis> for a moment." +msgstr "<emphasis role='strong'>La oss ta</emphasis> et øyeblikks pause." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -3051,29 +3068,28 @@ msgstr "Kapittel to: <quote>Kun etter-apere</quote>" msgid "photography" msgstr "fotografering" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary> +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> msgid "Daguerre, Louis" msgstr "Daguerre, Louis" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" -"In 1839, Louis Daguerre invented the first practical technology for " -"producing what we would call <quote>photographs.</quote> Appropriately " -"enough, they were called <quote>daguerreotypes.</quote> The process was " -"complicated and expensive, and the field was thus limited to professionals " -"and a few zealous and wealthy amateurs. (There was even an American Daguerre " -"Association that helped regulate the industry, as do all such associations, " -"by keeping competition down so as to keep prices up.) <placeholder type=" -"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" +"<emphasis role='strong'>In 1839</emphasis>, Louis Daguerre invented the " +"first practical technology for producing what we would call " +"<quote>photographs.</quote> Appropriately enough, they were called " +"<quote>daguerreotypes.</quote> The process was complicated and expensive, " +"and the field was thus limited to professionals and a few zealous and " +"wealthy amateurs. (There was even an American Daguerre Association that " +"helped regulate the industry, as do all such associations, by keeping " +"competition down so as to keep prices up.)" msgstr "" -"I 1839 fant Louis Daguerre opp den første praktiske teknologien for Ã¥ " -"produsere det vi ville kalle <quote>fotografier</quote>. Rimelig nok ble de " -"kalt <quote>daguerreotyper</quote>. Prosessen var komplisert og kostbar, og " -"feltet var dermed begrenset til profesjonelle og noen fÃ¥ ivrige og " -"velstÃ¥ende amatører. (Det var til og med en amerikansk Daguerre-forening " -"som hjalp til med Ã¥ regulere industrien, slik alle slike foreninger gjør, " -"ved Ã¥ holde konkurransen ned slik at prisene var høye.) <placeholder type=" -"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" +"<emphasis role='strong'>I 1839</emphasis> fant Louis Daguerre opp den første " +"praktiske teknologien for Ã¥ produsere det vi ville kalle <quote>fotografier</" +"quote>. Rimelig nok ble de kalt <quote>daguerreotyper</quote>. Prosessen " +"var komplisert og kostbar, og feltet var dermed begrenset til profesjonelle " +"og noen fÃ¥ ivrige og velstÃ¥ende amatører. (Det var til og med en amerikansk " +"Daguerre-forening som hjalp til med Ã¥ regulere industrien, slik alle slike " +"foreninger gjør, ved Ã¥ holde konkurransen ned slik at prisene var høye.)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary> msgid "Talbot, William" @@ -3365,6 +3381,10 @@ msgstr "" "<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. eller Grimm-brødrene, sÃ¥ burde " "fotografene stÃ¥ fritt til Ã¥ fange et bilde uten Ã¥ kompensere kilden." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary> +msgid "images, ownership of" +msgstr "bilder, eierskap til" + #. f8 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> msgid "" @@ -3444,18 +3464,7 @@ msgid "" "permission system. But the spread of photography to ordinary people would " "not have occurred. Nothing like that growth would have been realized. And " "certainly, nothing like that growth in a democratic technology of expression " -"would have been realized. If you drive through San Francisco's Presidio, " -"you might see two gaudy yellow school buses painted over with colorful and " -"striking images, and the logo <quote>Just Think!</quote> in place of the " -"name of a school. But there's little that's <quote>just</quote> cerebral in " -"the projects that these busses enable. These buses are filled with " -"technologies that teach kids to tinker with film. Not the film of Eastman. " -"Not even the film of your VCR. Rather the <quote>film</quote> of digital " -"cameras. Just Think! is a project that enables kids to make films, as a way " -"to understand and critique the filmed culture that they find all around " -"them. Each year, these busses travel to more than thirty schools and enable " -"three hundred to five hundred children to learn something about media by " -"doing something with media. By doing, they think. By tinkering, they learn." +"would have been realized." msgstr "" "Men selv om vi kan tenke oss dette godkjenningssystemet, sÃ¥ vil det være " "svært vanskelig Ã¥ se hvordan fotografering skulle ha blomstret slik det " @@ -3466,19 +3475,37 @@ msgstr "" "godkjenningssystemet. Men spredningen av fotografering til vanlige folk " "villa aldri ha skjedd. Veksten det skapte kunne aldri ha skjedd. Og det " "ville uten tvil aldri vært realisert en slik vekst i demokratisk " -"uttrykksteknologi. Hvis du kjører gjennom omrÃ¥det Presidio i San Francisco, " -"kan det hende du ser to gusjegule skolebusser overmalt med fargefulle og " -"iøynefallende bilder, og logoen <quote>Just Think!</quote> i stedet for " -"navnet pÃ¥ en skole. Men det er lite som er <quote>bare</quote> mentalt i " -"prosjektene som disse bussene muliggjør. Disse bussene er fylt med " -"teknologi som lærer unger Ã¥ fikle med film. Ikke filmen til Eastman. Ikke " -"en gang filmen i din videospiller. I stedet er det snakk om <quote>filmen</" -"quote> til digitale kamera. Just Think! er et prosjekt som gjør det mulig " -"for unger Ã¥ lage filmer, som en mÃ¥te Ã¥ forstÃ¥ og kritisere den filmede " -"kulturen som de finner over alt rundt seg. Hvert Ã¥r besøker disse bussene " -"mer enn tredve skoler og gir mellom tre hundre og fire hundre barn " -"muligheten til Ã¥ lære noe om media ved Ã¥ gjøre noe med media. Ved Ã¥ gjøre, " -"sÃ¥ tenker de. Ved Ã¥ fikle, sÃ¥ lærer de." +"uttrykksteknologi." + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +msgid "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>If you drive</emphasis> through San Francisco's " +"Presidio, you might see two gaudy yellow school buses painted over with " +"colorful and striking images, and the logo <quote>Just Think!</quote> in " +"place of the name of a school. But there's little that's <quote>just</quote> " +"cerebral in the projects that these busses enable. These buses are filled " +"with technologies that teach kids to tinker with film. Not the film of " +"Eastman. Not even the film of your VCR. Rather the <quote>film</quote> of " +"digital cameras. Just Think! is a project that enables kids to make films, " +"as a way to understand and critique the filmed culture that they find all " +"around them. Each year, these busses travel to more than thirty schools and " +"enable three hundred to five hundred children to learn something about media " +"by doing something with media. By doing, they think. By tinkering, they " +"learn." +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>Hvis du kjører</emphasis> gjennom omrÃ¥det Presidio i " +"San Francisco, kan det hende du ser to gusjegule skolebusser overmalt med " +"fargefulle og iøynefallende bilder, og logoen <quote>Just Think!</quote> i " +"stedet for navnet pÃ¥ en skole. Men det er lite som er <quote>bare</quote> " +"mentalt i prosjektene som disse bussene muliggjør. Disse bussene er fylt " +"med teknologi som lærer unger Ã¥ fikle med film. Ikke filmen til Eastman. " +"Ikke en gang filmen i din videospiller. I stedet er det snakk om " +"<quote>filmen</quote> til digitale kamera. Just Think! er et prosjekt som " +"gjør det mulig for unger Ã¥ lage filmer, som en mÃ¥te Ã¥ forstÃ¥ og kritisere " +"den filmede kulturen som de finner over alt rundt seg. Hvert Ã¥r besøker " +"disse bussene mer enn tredve skoler og gir mellom tre hundre og fire hundre " +"barn muligheten til Ã¥ lære noe om media ved Ã¥ gjøre noe med media. Ved Ã¥ " +"gjøre, sÃ¥ tenker de. Ved Ã¥ fikle, sÃ¥ lærer de." #. f9 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> @@ -3931,24 +3958,30 @@ msgstr "" "bruke det sprÃ¥ket de ikke hÃ¥ndterte veldig bra. Men de hadde begynt Ã¥ " "forstÃ¥ at de hadde mye gjennomslagskraft med dette sprÃ¥ket." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> +msgid "World Trade Center" +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" -"When two planes crashed into the World Trade Center, another into the " -"Pentagon, and a fourth into a Pennsylvania field, all media around the world " -"shifted to this news. Every moment of just about every day for that week, " -"and for weeks after, television in particular, and media generally, retold " -"the story of the events we had just witnessed. The telling was a retelling, " -"because we had seen the events that were described. The genius of this awful " -"act of terrorism was that the delayed second attack was perfectly timed to " -"assure that the whole world would be watching." +"<emphasis role='strong'>When two planes</emphasis> crashed into the World " +"Trade Center, another into the Pentagon, and a fourth into a Pennsylvania " +"field, all media around the world shifted to this news. Every moment of just " +"about every day for that week, and for weeks after, television in " +"particular, and media generally, retold the story of the events we had just " +"witnessed. The telling was a retelling, because we had seen the events that " +"were described. The genius of this awful act of terrorism was that the " +"delayed second attack was perfectly timed to assure that the whole world " +"would be watching." msgstr "" -"Da to fly krasjet inn i World Trade Center, og et annet inn i Pentagon, og " -"et fjerde inn i et jorde i Pennsylvania, snudde alle medier verden rundt seg " -"til denne nyheten. Ethvert moment for omtreng hver eneste dag den uka, og " -"ukene som fulgte gjenfortalte TV spesielt, men media generelt, historien om " -"disse hendelsene som vi nettopp hadde vært vitne til. Genialiteten i denne " -"forferdelige terrorhandlingen var at det forsinkede andre-angrepet var " -"perfekt tidsatt for Ã¥ sikre at hele verden ville være der for Ã¥ se pÃ¥." +"<emphasis role='strong'>Da to fly</emphasis> krasjet inn i World Trade " +"Center, og et annet inn i Pentagon, og et fjerde inn i et jorde i " +"Pennsylvania, snudde alle medier verden rundt seg til denne nyheten. " +"Ethvert moment for omtreng hver eneste dag den uka, og ukene som fulgte " +"gjenfortalte TV spesielt, men media generelt, historien om disse hendelsene " +"som vi nettopp hadde vært vitne til. Genialiteten i denne forferdelige " +"terrorhandlingen var at det forsinkede andre-angrepet var perfekt tidsatt " +"for Ã¥ sikre at hele verden ville være der for Ã¥ se pÃ¥." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -4053,6 +4086,10 @@ msgstr "" "mÃ¥te—det er en slags elektronisk <citetitle>Jerry Springer</" "citetitle>, tilgjengelig overalt i verden." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> +msgid "blogs (Web-logs)" +msgstr "blogger (Web-logger)" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" "But in the United States, blogs have taken on a very different character. " @@ -4349,6 +4386,10 @@ msgstr "" msgid "CNN" msgstr "CNN" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> +msgid "Iraq war" +msgstr "Irak-krigen" + #. f19 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> msgid "Telephone interview with David Winer, 16 April 2003." @@ -4430,27 +4471,29 @@ msgstr "Olafson, Steve" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> msgid "" -"See Michael Falcone, <quote>Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?</quote> " -"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29 September 2003, C4. (<quote>Not " -"all news organizations have been as accepting of employees who blog. Kevin " -"Sites, a CNN correspondent in Iraq who started a blog about his reporting of " -"the war on March 9, stopped posting 12 days later at his bosses' request. " -"Last year Steve Olafson, a <citetitle>Houston Chronicle</citetitle> " -"reporter, was fired for keeping a personal Web log, published under a " -"pseudonym, that dealt with some of the issues and people he was covering.</" -"quote>) <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=" -"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" " +"id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=" +"\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> See Michael Falcone, <quote>Does an Editor's Pencil " +"Ruin a Web Log?</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29 September " +"2003, C4. (<quote>Not all news organizations have been as accepting of " +"employees who blog. Kevin Sites, a CNN correspondent in Iraq who started a " +"blog about his reporting of the war on March 9, stopped posting 12 days " +"later at his bosses' request. Last year Steve Olafson, a <citetitle>Houston " +"Chronicle</citetitle> reporter, was fired for keeping a personal Web log, " +"published under a pseudonym, that dealt with some of the issues and people " +"he was covering.</quote>)" msgstr "" -"Se Michael Falcone, <quote>Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?</quote> " -"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29. september 2003, C4. (<quote>Ikke " -"alle nyhetsorganisasjoner har hatt like stor aksept for ansatte som blogger. " -"Kevin Sites, en CNN-korrespondent i Irak som startet en blogg om sin " -"rapportering av krigen 9. mars, stoppet Ã¥ publisere 12 dager senere pÃ¥ " -"forespørsel fra sine sjefer. I fjor fikk Steve Olafson, en " -"<citetitle>Houston Chronicle</citetitle>-reporter, sparken for Ã¥ ha hatt en " -"personlig web-logg, publisert under pseudonym, som handlet om noen av " -"temaene og folkene som han dekket</quote>) <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" " -"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" " +"id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=" +"\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> Se Michael Falcone, <quote>Does an Editor's Pencil " +"Ruin a Web Log?</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29. september " +"2003, C4. (<quote>Ikke alle nyhetsorganisasjoner har hatt like stor aksept " +"for ansatte som blogger. Kevin Sites, en CNN-korrespondent i Irak som " +"startet en blogg om sin rapportering av krigen 9. mars, stoppet Ã¥ publisere " +"12 dager senere pÃ¥ forespørsel fra sine sjefer. I fjor fikk Steve Olafson, " +"en <citetitle>Houston Chronicle</citetitle>-reporter, sparken for Ã¥ ha hatt " +"en personlig web-logg, publisert under pseudonym, som handlet om noen av " +"temaene og folkene som han dekket.</quote>)" #. PAGE BREAK 58 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -4514,13 +4557,15 @@ msgstr "Brown, John Seely" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" -"John Seely Brown is the chief scientist of the Xerox Corporation. His work, " -"as his Web site describes it, is <quote>human learning and … the " -"creation of knowledge ecologies for creating … innovation.</quote>" +"<emphasis role='strong'>John Seely Brown</emphasis> is the chief scientist " +"of the Xerox Corporation. His work, as his Web site describes it, is " +"<quote>human learning and … the creation of knowledge ecologies for " +"creating … innovation.</quote>" msgstr "" -"John Seely Brown er sjefsforsker ved Xerox Corporation. Hans arbeid, i " -"følge hans eget nettsted, er <quote>menneskelig læring og … Ã¥ skape " -"kunnskapsøkologier for Ã¥ skape … innovasjon</quote>." +"<emphasis role='strong'>John Seely Brown</emphasis> er sjefsforsker ved " +"Xerox Corporation. Hans arbeid, i følge hans eget nettsted, er " +"<quote>menneskelig læring og … Ã¥ skape kunnskapsøkologier for Ã¥ skape " +"… innovasjon</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -4750,17 +4795,18 @@ msgstr "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" -"In the fall of 2002, Jesse Jordan of Oceanside, New York, enrolled as a " -"freshman at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, in Troy, New York. His major " -"at RPI was information technology. Though he is not a programmer, in October " -"Jesse decided to begin to tinker with search engine technology that was " -"available on the RPI network." +"<emphasis role='strong'>In the fall</emphasis> of 2002, Jesse Jordan of " +"Oceanside, New York, enrolled as a freshman at Rensselaer Polytechnic " +"Institute, in Troy, New York. His major at RPI was information technology. " +"Though he is not a programmer, in October Jesse decided to begin to tinker " +"with search engine technology that was available on the RPI network." msgstr "" -"Høsten 2001, ble Jesse Jordan fra Oceanside, New York, innrullert som " -"førsteÃ¥rsstudent ved Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, i Troy, New York. " -"Hans studieprogram ved RPI var informasjonsteknologi. Selv om han ikke var " -"en programmerer, bestemte Jesse seg i oktober Ã¥ begynne Ã¥ fikle med en " -"søkemotorteknologi som var tilgjengelig pÃ¥ RPI-nettverket." +"<emphasis role='strong'>Høsten 2001</emphasis>, ble Jesse Jordan fra " +"Oceanside, New York, innrullert som førsteÃ¥rsstudent ved Rensselaer " +"Polytechnic Institute, i Troy, New York. Hans studieprogram ved RPI var " +"informasjonsteknologi. Selv om han ikke var en programmerer, bestemte Jesse " +"seg i oktober Ã¥ begynne Ã¥ fikle med en søkemotorteknologi som var " +"tilgjengelig pÃ¥ RPI-nettverket." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -4808,7 +4854,7 @@ msgstr "" "Søkemotorer er et mÃ¥l pa hvor nært et nettverk oppleves Ã¥ være. Google " "brakte internettet mye nærmere oss alle ved en utrolig forbedring av " "kvaliteten pÃ¥ søk i nettverket. Spesialiserte søkemotorer kan gjøre dette " -"enda bedre. Ideen med <quote>intranett</quote>-søkemotorer, søkemotorer som " +"enda bedre. Idéen med <quote>intranett</quote>-søkemotorer, søkemotorer som " "kun søker internt i nettverket til en bestemt institusjon, er Ã¥ tilby " "brukerne i denne institusjonen bedre tilgang til materiale fra denne " "institusjonen. Bedrifter gjør dette hele tiden, ved Ã¥ gi ansatte mulighet " @@ -4953,9 +4999,8 @@ msgstr "" "og der det store flertall av dette ikke hadde noe Ã¥ gjøre med musikk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "statutory damages" -msgstr "lovbestemte lisens" +msgstr "lovbestemte skader" #. PAGE BREAK 64 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -4979,6 +5024,14 @@ msgstr "" "opphavsrettskrenkelser, krevde de dermed at Jesse betalte dem minst " "$15 000 000." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> +msgid "Princeton University" +msgstr "Princeton University" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> +msgid "Michigan Technical University" +msgstr "Michigan Technical University" + #. f1 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> msgid "" @@ -5172,22 +5225,22 @@ msgstr "Kapittel fire: <quote>Pirater</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" -"If <quote>piracy</quote> means using the creative property of others without " -"their permission—if <quote>if value, then right</quote> is true—" -"then the history of the content industry is a history of piracy. Every " -"important sector of <quote>big media</quote> today—film, records, " -"radio, and cable TV—was born of a kind of piracy so defined. The " -"consistent story is how last generation's pirates join this generation's " -"country club—until now." +"<emphasis role='strong'>If <quote>piracy</quote> means</emphasis> using the " +"creative property of others without their permission—if <quote>if " +"value, then right</quote> is true—then the history of the content " +"industry is a history of piracy. Every important sector of <quote>big media</" +"quote> today—film, records, radio, and cable TV—was born of a " +"kind of piracy so defined. The consistent story is how last generation's " +"pirates join this generation's country club—until now." msgstr "" -"Hvis <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> betyr Ã¥ bruke den kreative eiendommen " -"til andre uten deres tillatelse—hvis <quote>hvis verdi, sÃ¥ rettighet</" -"quote> er sant—da er historien om innholdsindustrien en historie om " -"piratvirksomhet. Hver eneste viktige sektor av <quote>store medier</quote> " -"i dag—film, plater, radio og kabel-TV—kom fra en slags " -"piratvirksomhet etter den definisjonen. Den konsekvente fortellingen er at " -"forrige generasjon pirater blir del av denne generasjonens borgerskap—" -"inntil nÃ¥." +"<emphasis role='strong'>Hvis <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> betyr</emphasis> " +"Ã¥ bruke den kreative eiendommen til andre uten deres tillatelse—hvis " +"<quote>hvis verdi, sÃ¥ rettighet</quote> er sant—da er historien om " +"innholdsindustrien en historie om piratvirksomhet. Hver eneste viktige " +"sektor av <quote>store medier</quote> i dag—film, plater, radio og " +"kabel-TV—kom fra en slags piratvirksomhet etter den definisjonen. Den " +"konsekvente fortellingen er at forrige generasjon pirater blir del av denne " +"generasjonens borgerskap—inntil nÃ¥." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title> msgid "Film" @@ -5268,6 +5321,17 @@ msgid "" "Law School, James M. Olin Program in Law and Economics, Working Paper No. " "159. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" +"J. A. Aberdeen, <citetitle>Hollywood Renegades: The Society of Independent " +"Motion Picture Producers</citetitle> (Cobblestone Entertainment, 2000) og " +"utvidede tekster lagt ut pÃ¥ <quote>The Edison Movie Monopoly: The Motion " +"Picture Patents Company vs. the Independent Outlaws</quote>, tilgjengelig " +"fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #11</ulink>. For en " +"diskusjon om det økomiske motivet bak begge disse begresningene, og " +"begresningene pÃ¥lagt av Victor pÃ¥ fonografer, se Randal C. Picker, " +"<quote>From Edison to the Broadcast Flag: Mechanisms of Consent and Refusal " +"and the Propertization of Copyright</quote> (september 2002), University of " +"Chicago Law School, James M. Olin Program in Law and Economics, Working " +"Paper No. 159. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary> msgid "Fox, William" @@ -5453,7 +5517,6 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright: Hearings on S. 6330 " "and H.R. 19853 Before the ( Joint) Committees on Patents, 59th Cong. 59, 1st " @@ -5462,11 +5525,13 @@ msgid "" "citetitle>, E. Fulton Brylawski and Abe Goldman, eds. (South Hackensack, N." "J.: Rothman Reprints, 1976). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -"endre og konsolidere handlinger som respekterer copyright: hearings pÃ¥ s. " -"6330 og hr 19853 før (felles) komiteer pÃ¥ patenter, 59th cong. 59, 1 sess. " -"(1906) (setning av senator alfred b. kittredge av Sør-dakota, formann), " -"reprinted i lovgivningens bakgrunn av copyright act, e. brylawski for fulton " -"og abe goldman, Red. (south hackensack, NJ: rothman opptrykk, 1976)." +"Endre og slÃ¥ sammen lovforslag om Ã¥ respektere opphavsretten: Høring om S. " +"6330 og H.R. 19853 foran (felles)-komiteene om patenter, 59. kongr. 59, 1. " +"sess. (1906) (uttalelse til senator Alfred B. Kittredge fra Sør-Dakota, " +"formann), gjengitt i <citetitle>Legislative History of the 1909 Copyright " +"Act</citetitle>, E. Fulton Brylawski og Abe Goldman, red. (South " +"Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints, 1976). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" " +"id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para> msgid "" @@ -5554,7 +5619,7 @@ msgid "" "Graphophone Company Association)." msgstr "" "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 376 (forberedt " -"innspill fra Philip Mauro, sjefspatentrÃ¥dgiver for the American Graphophone " +"innlegg fra Philip Mauro, sjefspatentrÃ¥dgiver for the American Graphophone " "Company Association)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary> @@ -5577,6 +5642,19 @@ msgid "" "by statute.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder " "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>" msgstr "" +"Disse argumentene høres omtrent ut som argumentene fra vÃ¥re dager. Det samme " +"gjør argumentene fra den andre siden. Oppfinnerne som utviklet det " +"auomatiske pianoet argumenterte med at <quote>det er fullt mulig Ã¥ vise at " +"introduksjonen av automatiske musikkspillere ikke har fratatt noen komponist " +"noe han hadde før det ble introdusert.</quote> I stedet økte maskinene " +"salget av noteark.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Uansett, " +"argumenterte oppfinnerne, jobben til kongressen var <quote>Ã¥ først vurdere " +"interessen til [folket], som de representerte, og som de skal tjene.</" +"quote>. <quote>Alt snakk om 'tyveri',</quote> skrev sjefsjuristen til " +"American Graphophone Company, <quote>er kun nonsens, for det finnes ingen " +"eiendom i musikalske ideer, skriftlig eller kunstnerisk, unntatt det som er " +"definert i loven.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " +"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>" #. PAGE BREAK 70 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> @@ -5644,7 +5722,6 @@ msgstr "" #. f10 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "Copyright Law Revision: Hearings on S. 2499, S. 2900, H.R. 243, and H.R. " "11794 Before the ( Joint) Committee on Patents, 60th Cong., 1st sess., 217 " @@ -5653,11 +5730,12 @@ msgid "" "Fulton Brylawski and Abe Goldman, eds. (South Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman " "Reprints, 1976)." msgstr "" -"Copyright lov revision: hearings pÃ¥ s. 2499, s. 2900, hr 243 og hr 11794 før " -"(felles) komiteen pÃ¥ patenter, 60 cong., 1 sess., 217 (1908) (setning av " -"senator reed smoot, formann), reprinted i lovgivningens bakgrunn av 1909 " -"copyright act, e. brylawski for fulton og abe goldman, Red. (south " -"hackensack, NJ: rothman opptrykk, 1976)." +"Endring i opphavsrettsloven: Høring om S. 2499, S.2900, H.R. 243, og H.R. " +"11794 foran (felles)-komiteen om patenter, 60. kongr., 1. sess., 217 (1908) " +"(uttalelse fra senator Reed Smooth, formann), gjengitt i " +"<citetitle>Legislative History of the 1909 Copyright Act</citetitle>, E. " +"Fulton Brylawski og Abe Goldman, red. (South Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman " +"Reprints, 1976)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> msgid "" @@ -5674,6 +5752,18 @@ msgid "" "follow-on creativity.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder " "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" +"Men loven som styrer innspillinger gir innspillingsartisten mindre. Og " +"dermed er effekten at loven <emphasis>subsidierer</emphasis> " +"musikkindustrien med et slags piratvirksomhet—ved Ã¥ gi " +"innspillingsartister en svakere rettighet enn de gir kreative forfattere. " +"The Beatles har mindre kontroll over deres kreative verker enn Grisham har. " +"Og de som nyter godt av at de har mindre kontroll er musikkindustrien og " +"folket. Musikkindustrien fÃ¥r noe av verdi for mindre enn de ellers mÃ¥tte " +"betalt, og folket fÃ¥r tilgang til en større mengde musikalsk kreativitet. " +"Kongressen var faktisk svært eksplisitt i sine grunner for Ã¥ dele ut denne " +"rettigheten. Den fryktet monopolmakten til rettighetsinnehaverne, og at " +"denne makten skulle kvele pÃ¥vølgende kreativitet.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> msgid "" @@ -5688,16 +5778,15 @@ msgstr "" #. f11 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "Copyright Law Revision: Report to Accompany H.R. 2512, House Committee on " "the Judiciary, 90th Cong., 1st sess., House Document no. 83, (8 March 1967). " "I am grateful to Glenn Brown for drawing my attention to this report." msgstr "" -"Copyright lov revision: rapporten skal følge med HR 2512, huset committee on " -"rettsvesenet, 90th cong., 1 sess., huset dokument nr. 83, (8 mars 1967). Jeg " -"er takknemlig for glenn brun for tegning min oppmerksomhet til denne " -"rapporten." +"Endring av opphavsrettsloven: Rapport som følger H.R. 2512, House Committee " +"on the Judiciary, 90. Kongr., 1. sess., House Document no. 83, (8. mars " +"1967). Jeg er takknemlig til Glenn Brown for Ã¥ ha gjort meg oppmerksom pÃ¥ " +"denne rapporten." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para> msgid "" @@ -5714,6 +5803,18 @@ msgid "" "prices, improved quality, and a greater choice.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" +"plateprodusentene argumenterte energisk for at tvangslisens-systemet mÃ¥tte " +"bevares. De tok utgangspunkt i at musikkindustrien er et forretningsomrÃ¥de " +"pÃ¥ en halv milliard dollar som er veldig viktig for økonomien i USA og " +"resten av verden. Plater er i dag den viktigste mÃ¥ten Ã¥ spre musikk, og " +"dette fører til spesielle problemer, siden utøvere trenger uhindret tilgang " +"til musikalsk materiale pÃ¥ ikke-diskriminerende vilkÃ¥r. Plateprodusentene " +"pekte pÃ¥ at historisk var det ingen innspillingsrettigheter før 1909 og 1909-" +"endringen i lovverket vedtok tvangslisensen som en gjennomtenkt mekanisme " +"for Ã¥ unngÃ¥ monopol da de tildelte disse rettighetene. De argumenterer med " +"at resultatet har vært at det har strømmet pÃ¥ med innspillt musikk, at " +"folket har fÃ¥tt lavere priser, bedre kvalitet og flere valg.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> msgid "" @@ -5736,7 +5837,6 @@ msgid "Hand, Learned" msgstr "Hand, Learned" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "See 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, sections 106 and 110. At " "the beginning, record companies printed <quote>Not Licensed for Radio " @@ -5751,15 +5851,18 @@ msgid "" "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" " "id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" -"se 17, united states code, inndelinger 106 og 110. pÃ¥ begynnelsen av, spille " -"inn selskapene skrives ut \"ikke lisensiert for radiosendingen\" og andre " -"meldinger purporting Ã¥ begrense muligheten til Ã¥ spille en post pÃ¥ en " -"radiostasjon. dommer lært hÃ¥nd avvist argumentet at en advarsel som er " -"knyttet til en post kan begrense rettighetene til radiostasjonen. se rca " -"produksjon co v. whiteman, 114 f. 2d 86 (2nd cir. 1940). Se ogsÃ¥ randal c. " -"datovelger, \"fra edison til kringkasting flagg: mekanismer av samtykke og " -"nektet og propertization av opphavsrett,\" university of chicago lov gÃ¥ " -"gjennom 70 (2003): 281." +"Se 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, seksjon 106 og 110. I " +"begynnelsen skrev noen plateselskaper <quote>Ikke lisensiert for " +"radiokringkasting</quote> og andre meldinger som ga inntrykk av Ã¥ begrense " +"muligheten tli Ã¥ spille en plate pÃ¥ en radiostasjon. Dommer Learned Hand " +"avviste argumentet om at en advarsel klistret pÃ¥ en plate kunne begrense " +"rettighetene til radiostasjonen. Se <citetitle>RCA Manufacturing Co</" +"citetitle>. mot <citetitle>Whiteman</citetitle>, 114 F. 2d 86 (2nd Cir. " +"1940). Se ogsÃ¥ Randal C. Picker, <quote>From Edison to the Broadcast Flag: " +"Mechanisms of Consent and Refusal and the Propertization of Copyright,</" +"quote> <citetitle>University of Chicago Law Review</citetitle> 70 (2003): " +"281. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=" +"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> msgid "" @@ -5880,7 +5983,6 @@ msgstr "Kabel-TV kom ogsÃ¥ fra en form for piratvirksomhet." #. PAGE BREAK 73 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "When cable entrepreneurs first started wiring communities with cable " "television in 1948, most refused to pay broadcasters for the content that " @@ -5890,13 +5992,13 @@ msgid "" "egregiously than anything Napster ever did— Napster never charged for " "the content it enabled others to give away." msgstr "" -"da kabel gründere startet ledningsnett fellesskap med kabel-TV i 1948, mest " -"nektet Ã¥ betale broadcasters for innhold som de echoed til sine kunder. selv " -"nÃ¥r kabelselskaper begynte Ã¥ selge tilgang til TV-sendinger, nektet de Ã¥ " -"betale for hva de solgte. kabelselskaper var dermed napsterizing " -"broadcasters' innhold, men mer egregiously enn noe napster gjorde " -"noensinne—napster belastet aldri for innholdet det aktivert andre til " -"Ã¥ gi bort." +"Da kabel-TV-gründere først begynte Ã¥ koble opp fellesskap med kabel-TV i " +"1948, nektet de fleste Ã¥ betale kringkasterne for innholdet som de sendte " +"videre til sine kunder. Selv da kabelselskapene begynte Ã¥ selge tilgang til " +"TV-kringkastinger, nektet de Ã¥ betale for det de solgte. Kabelselskapene " +"Napsteriserte dermed kringkasternes innhold, men grovere enn det Napster " +"noen gang gjorde—Napster tok aldri betalt for innholdet som det ble " +"mulig for andre Ã¥ gi bort." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary> msgid "Anello, Douglas" @@ -5911,7 +6013,6 @@ msgid "Hyde, Rosel H." msgstr "Hyde, Rosel H." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "Copyright Law Revision—CATV: Hearing on S. 1006 Before the " "Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Senate Committee " @@ -5919,20 +6020,20 @@ msgid "" "Hyde, chairman of the Federal Communications Commission). <placeholder type=" "\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -"Copyright lov revision—catv: høre s. 1006 før subcommittee on " -"patenter, varemerker og opphavsrett for senatets komité pÃ¥ rettsvesenet, " -"89nde cong., 2nd sess., 78 (1966) (setning av rosel h. hyde, formann i " -"federal communications commission)." +"Endring i opphavsrettsloven—Kabel-TV: Høring om S. 1006 foran " +"underkomiteen om patenter, varemerker og opphavsrett av Senate Committee on " +"the Judiciary, 89. Kongr., 2. sess., 78 (1966) (uttalelse fra Rosel H. Hyde, " +"styreleder i den føderale kommunikasjonskommisjonen.<placeholder type=" +"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" #. f14 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 116 (statement of Douglas A. Anello, " "general counsel of the National Association of Broadcasters)." msgstr "" -"Copyright lov revision—catv, 116 (setning av douglas a. anello, " -"sjefsjurist av national association of broadcasters)." +"Endring i opphavsretttsloven—Kabel-TV, 116 (uttalelse fra Douglas A. " +"Anello, sjefsjuristen i Nasjonalforeningen for kringkastere)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> msgid "" @@ -5946,16 +6047,24 @@ msgid "" "else's property?</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> As another " "broadcaster put it," msgstr "" +"Kringkastere og opphavsrettsinnehavere var raske til Ã¥ angripe dette " +"tyveriet. Rosel Hyde, styreleder i FCC, sÃ¥ praksisen som en slags " +"<quote>urettferdig og potensielt ødeleggende konkurranse</quote>." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det kan ha vært en " +"<quote>offentlig interesse</quote> i Ã¥ øke spredningen til kabel-TV, men som " +"Douglas Anello, sjefsjurist hos Nasjonalforeningen for kringkastere spurte " +"senator Quentin Burdick under sitt vitnemÃ¥l, <quote>Dikterer offentlig " +"interesse at du kan bruke noen andres eiendom?</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Som en annen kringkaster formulerte det," #. f15 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 126 (statement of Ernest W. Jennes, " "general counsel of the Association of Maximum Service Telecasters, Inc.)." msgstr "" -"Copyright lov revision—catv, 126 (setning av ernest w. jennes, " -"sjefsjurist av tilknytningen for maksimal service telecasters, inc.)." +"Endring i opphavsrettsloven—Kabel-TV, 126 (uttalelse fra Ernest W. " +"Jennes, sjefsjurist ved Association of Maximum Service Telecasters, Inc.). " #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para> msgid "" @@ -5963,6 +6072,9 @@ msgid "" "business I know of where the product that is being sold is not paid for." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" +"Den uvanlige tingen med kabel-TV-selskapene er at det er de eneste " +"selskapene jeg vet om hvor produktet som blir solgt ikke er betalt for." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> msgid "Again, the demand of the copyright holders seemed reasonable enough:" @@ -5970,15 +6082,14 @@ msgstr "Igjen, kravene til opphavsrettsinnehaverne virket rimelige nok:" #. f16 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 169 (joint statement of Arthur B. Krim, " "president of United Artists Corp., and John Sinn, president of United " "Artists Television, Inc.)." msgstr "" -"Copyright lov revision—catv, 169 (felleserklæringen av arthur b. Krim, " -"president i united artists Corporation og john sinn, president i united " -"artists TV, inc.)." +"Endring i opphavsrettsloven—Kabel-TV, 169 (felles uttalelse fra Arthur " +"B. Krim, president i United Artists Corp. og John Sinn, president i United " +"Artists Television Inc.)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para> msgid "" @@ -6002,7 +6113,7 @@ msgid "" "president of the Screen Actors Guild). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=" "\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 209 (vitnemÃ¥l fra Charlton Heston, " +"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 209 (uttalelse fra Charlton Heston, " "president i Screen Actors Guild). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> @@ -6047,6 +6158,12 @@ msgid "" "compensation.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=" "\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" +"VÃ¥rt poeng her er ikke problemet med om hvorvidt du over hode har " +"opphavsrettsbeskyttelse. Problemet her er hvorvidt opphavsrettsinnehavere " +"som allerede blir kompensert, som allerede har et monopol, skal fÃ¥ lov til Ã¥ " +"utvide dette monopolet. … SpørsmÃ¥let er hvor mye kompensasjon de bør " +"ha, og hvor langt de kan strekke sin rett pÃ¥ kompenasjon.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> msgid "" @@ -6057,7 +6174,6 @@ msgstr "" "ganger at kabelselskaper ikke skyldte opphavsrettinnehaverne noen ting." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "It took Congress almost thirty years before it resolved the question of " "whether cable companies had to pay for the content they <quote>pirated.</" @@ -6070,15 +6186,15 @@ msgid "" "in part upon a <quote>piracy</quote> of the value created by broadcasters' " "content." msgstr "" -"Det tok Kongressen nesten tretti Ã¥r før det løst spørsmÃ¥let pÃ¥ om " -"kabelselskaper mÃ¥tte betale for innholdet de \"piratkopiert.\" til slutt, " -"Kongressen løst dette spørsmÃ¥let pÃ¥ samme mÃ¥te at det løst spørsmÃ¥let om " -"posten spillere og spilleren pianoer. Ja, kabelselskaper 'd have to pay for " -"innholdet som de kringkaster; men prisen de vil mÃ¥tte betale ble ikke angitt " -"av eieren av opphavsretten. Prisen ble satt ved lov, slik at broadcasters " -"ikke kunne utøve vetorett over de nye teknologiene av-kabelen. " -"kabelselskaper dermed bygde sitt imperium delvis pÃ¥ en \"piratkopiering\" av " -"verdiene som skapes av broadcasters' innhold." +"Det tok kongressen nesten tredve Ã¥r før den fikk løst spørsmÃ¥let om hvorvidt " +"kabel-TV-selskapene mÃ¥tte betale for innholdet de <quote>røvet</quote>. Til " +"slutt løste kongressen dette spørsmÃ¥let pÃ¥ samme mÃ¥te som den hadde løst " +"spørsmÃ¥let om platespillere og automatiske pianoer. Ja, kabel-TV-selskapene " +"mÃ¥tte betale for innholdet som de kringkastet, men prisen de mÃ¥tte betale " +"ble ikke satt av opphavsrettsinnehaveren. Prisen ble fastsatt ved lov, slik " +"at kringkasterne ikke kunne utøve vetomakt over den nye teknologien kabel-" +"TV. Kabel-TV-selskapene bygde dermed deres imperie delvis ved Ã¥ " +"<quote>røve</quote> verdien skapt av kringkasternes innhold." #. f19 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> @@ -6090,41 +6206,57 @@ msgid "" "someone else's creative work without permission or compensation—has " "grown with the Internet.</quote>" msgstr "" - -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> -msgid "" -"These separate stories sing a common theme. If <quote>piracy</quote> means " -"using value from someone else's creative property without permission from " -"that creator—as it is increasingly described today<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> — then <emphasis>every</emphasis> industry " -"affected by copyright today is the product and beneficiary of a certain kind " -"of piracy. Film, records, radio, cable TV. … The list is long and " -"could well be expanded. Every generation welcomes the pirates from the last. " -"Every generation—until now." -msgstr "" +"Se for eksempel National Music Publisher's Association, <citetitle>The " +"Engine of Free Expression: Copyright on the Internet—The Myth of Free " +"Information</citetitle>, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture." +"cc/notes/\">link #13</ulink>. <quote>Trusselen fra piratvirksomhet—" +"bruken av noen andres kreative verker uten tillatelse eller " +"kompenasjons—har vokst med internettet.</quote>" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> +msgid "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>These separate stories</emphasis> sing a common " +"theme. If <quote>piracy</quote> means using value from someone else's " +"creative property without permission from that creator—as it is " +"increasingly described today<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"— then <emphasis>every</emphasis> industry affected by copyright today " +"is the product and beneficiary of a certain kind of piracy. Film, records, " +"radio, cable TV. … The list is long and could well be expanded. Every " +"generation welcomes the pirates from the last. Every generation—until " +"now." +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>Disse separate historiene</emphasis> synger en " +"felles melodi. Hvis <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> betyr Ã¥ bruke verdien " +"fra noen andres kreative eiendom uten tillatelse fra dets skaper—slik " +"det stadig oftere beskrives i dag<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"—da er <emphasis>enhver</emphasis> industri pÃ¥virket av opphavsrett i " +"dag produktet og de som har nytt godt av ulike former for piratvirksomhet. " +"Film, plater, radio, kabel-TV. … Listen er lang og kunne vært " +"lengre. Hver generasjon ønsker piratene fra den forrige velkommen. Hver " +"generasjon—inntil nÃ¥." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> msgid "CHAPTER FIVE: <quote>Piracy</quote>" msgstr "Kapittel fem: <quote>Piratvirksomhet</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"There is piracy of copyrighted material. Lots of it. This piracy comes in " -"many forms. The most significant is commercial piracy, the unauthorized " -"taking of other people's content within a commercial context. Despite the " -"many justifications that are offered in its defense, this taking is wrong. " -"No one should condone it, and the law should stop it." +"<emphasis role='strong'>There is piracy</emphasis> of copyrighted material. " +"Lots of it. This piracy comes in many forms. The most significant is " +"commercial piracy, the unauthorized taking of other people's content within " +"a commercial context. Despite the many justifications that are offered in " +"its defense, this taking is wrong. No one should condone it, and the law " +"should stop it." msgstr "" -"Det er piratkopiering av opphavsrettsbeskyttet materiale. mye av det. Denne " -"sjørøver kommer i mange former. den mest betydningsfulle er kommersielle " -"piratkopiering, uautorisert Ã¥ ta av andres innhold i en kommersiell " -"kontekst. til tross for mange justifications som tilbys i sitt forsvar, er " -"dette tar galt. ingen bør condone det, og loven skal slutte det." +"Det røves opphavsrettsbeskyttet materiale. Massevis. Og denne " +"piratvirksomheten antar mange former. Den mest betydningsfulle er " +"kommersiell piratvirksomhet, det Ã¥ ta andres innhold uten lov i en " +"kommersiell setting. PÃ¥ tross av de mange forklaringer om hvorfor dette er " +"greit som fremføres i dets forsvar, sÃ¥ er dette galt. Ingen bør gÃ¥ god for " +"det, og loven bør stoppe det." #. PAGE BREAK 76 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "But as well as copy-shop piracy, there is another kind of <quote>taking</" "quote> that is more directly related to the Internet. That taking, too, " @@ -6134,12 +6266,13 @@ msgid "" "outright copying, and the law should account for that ambiguity, as it has " "so often done in the past." msgstr "" -"men samt kopieringsfirma piratkopiering, det er en annen type \"tar\" som er " -"mer direkte relatert til Internett. det tar ogsÃ¥, synes galt Ã¥ mange, og det " -"er galt mye av tiden. før vi male dette tar \"piratkopiering\", men mÃ¥ vi " -"forstÃ¥ sin natur litt mer. for skader som denne tar er betydelig mer " -"tvetydig enn outright kopiering og loven skal konto for at tvetydighet som " -"det sÃ¥ ofte har gjort i fortiden." +"Men pÃ¥ samme mÃ¥te som med piratvirksomheten til kopierings-firma, sÃ¥ " +"<quote>tas</quote> det pÃ¥ en annen mÃ¥te som er mer direkte relatert til " +"internettet. Denne mÃ¥ten Ã¥ ta pÃ¥ virker galt for mante, og det er galt mye " +"av tiden. Før vi kaller det Ã¥ ta pÃ¥ denne mÃ¥ten for <quote>piratvirksomhet</" +"quote>, bør vi dog forstÃ¥ dets natur litt mer. For skaden som denne formen " +"for Ã¥ ta gjør er betydelig mer tvetydig enn direkte kopiering, og loven bør " +"ta hensyn til denne tvetydingheten, slik den har gjort ofte tidligere. " #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title> msgid "Piracy I" @@ -6171,19 +6304,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "This is piracy plain and simple. Nothing in the argument of this book, nor " "in the argument that most people make when talking about the subject of this " "book, should draw into doubt this simple point: This piracy is wrong." msgstr "" -"Dette er piratkopiering ren og enkel. ingenting i argumentet av denne boken, " -"og heller ikke i argumentet om at fleste gjør nÃ¥r du snakker om emnet av " -"denne boken, bør trekke i tvil dette enkle punktet: denne piratkopiering er " -"galt." +"Dette er enkelt og greit piratvirksomhet. Ingenting i argumentet i " +"denne boken, og heller ikke i argumentet til de fleste folkene som " +"omtaler temaet i denne boken, bør trekke i tvil dette enkle poenget: " +"Slik piratvirksomhet er galt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "Which is not to say that excuses and justifications couldn't be made for it. " "We could, for example, remind ourselves that for the first one hundred years " @@ -6192,12 +6323,13 @@ msgid "" "for us to insist so strongly that other developing nations treat as wrong " "what we, for the first hundred years of our existence, treated as right." msgstr "" -"som er ikke Ã¥ si at unnskyldninger og justifications ikke kunne laget for " -"den. Vi kan, for eksempel minne oss at for de første hundre Ã¥r av den " -"amerikanske Republikken, Amerika ikke ære utenlandske opphavsrettigheter. Vi " -"ble født, i denne forstand, en pirat nasjon. Det kan derfor synes " -"hypocritical for oss Ã¥ insistere sÃ¥ sterkt at andre utviklingsland behandle " -"feil hva vi, for de første hundre Ã¥r av vÃ¥r eksistens, behandlet som høyre." +"Hvilket ikke er Ã¥ si at unnskyldninger og begrunnelser ikke kan lages " +"for det. Vi kan, for eksempel, minne oss selv om at for de første " +"hundre Ã¥rene USA har vært republikk, respekterte ikke USA utenlandske " +"opphavsrettigheter. Vi ble pÃ¥ en mÃ¥te skapt som en piratnasjon. Det " +"kan dermed synes hyklersk for oss Ã¥ insistere sÃ¥ sterkt at andre " +"utviklingsland skal behandle som galt det vi, for de første hundre " +"Ã¥rene vi eksisterte, behandlet som riktig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy @@ -6384,7 +6516,7 @@ msgstr "GNU/Linux-operativsystemet" msgid "Linux operating system" msgstr "Linux-operativsystemet" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary> +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> msgid "Microsoft" msgstr "Microsoft" @@ -6555,6 +6687,10 @@ msgid "" "prevent it or find an alternative to assure the author of his profit." msgstr "" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> +msgid "innovation" +msgstr "innovasjon" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary> msgid "Christensen, Clayton M." msgstr "Christensen, Clayton M." @@ -6562,15 +6698,16 @@ msgstr "Christensen, Clayton M." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"See Clayton M. Christensen, <citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The " -"Revolutionary National Bestseller That Changed the Way We Do Business</" -"citetitle> (New York: HarperBusiness, 2000). Professor Christensen examines " -"why companies that give rise to and dominate a product area are frequently " -"unable to come up with the most creative, paradigm-shifting uses for their " -"own products. This job usually falls to outside innovators, who reassemble " -"existing technology in inventive ways. For a discussion of Christensen's " -"ideas, see Lawrence Lessig, <citetitle>Future</citetitle>, 89–92, " -"139. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" +"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> See Clayton M. Christensen, " +"<citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The Revolutionary National Bestseller " +"That Changed the Way We Do Business</citetitle> (New York: HarperBusiness, " +"2000). Professor Christensen examines why companies that give rise to and " +"dominate a product area are frequently unable to come up with the most " +"creative, paradigm-shifting uses for their own products. This job usually " +"falls to outside innovators, who reassemble existing technology in inventive " +"ways. For a discussion of Christensen's ideas, see Lawrence Lessig, " +"<citetitle>Future</citetitle>, 89–92, 139. <placeholder type=" +"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "se clayton m christensen, nyskapers dilemma: revolusjonerende nasjonale " "bestselgeren som endret mÃ¥ten vi gjør forretninger (new york: " @@ -6647,13 +6784,12 @@ msgstr "" #. f8 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "Amy Harmon, <quote>Industry Offers a Carrot in Online Music Fight,</quote> " "<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 6 June 2003, A1." msgstr "" -"Amy harmon, \"industri tilbyr en gulrot i online musikk kamp,\" new york " -"times, 6. juni 2003 a1." +"Amy Harmon, <quote>Industry Offers a Carrot in Online Music Fight,</quote> " +"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 6. juni 2003, A1." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> msgid "" @@ -6861,9 +6997,8 @@ msgstr "" #. f11 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "U.S. Congress, <citetitle>Copyright and Home Copying</citetitle>, 4." -msgstr "amerikanske Kongressen, copyright og hjem kopiering, 4." +msgstr "U.S. Congress, <citetitle>Copyright and Home Copying</citetitle>, 4." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> msgid "" @@ -7059,18 +7194,25 @@ msgid "" "<emphasis>to the company</emphasis> to make it available." msgstr "" -#. f16 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> +msgid "books" +msgstr "bøker" + +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> +msgid "resales of" +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> msgid "" -"While there are not good estimates of the number of used record stores in " -"existence, in 2002, there were 7,198 used book dealers in the United States, " -"an increase of 20 percent since 1993. See Book Hunter Press, <citetitle>The " -"Quiet Revolution: The Expansion of the Used Book Market</citetitle> (2002), " -"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #19</ulink>. " -"Used records accounted for $260 million in sales in 2002. See National " -"Association of Recording Merchandisers, <quote>2002 Annual Survey Results,</" -"quote> available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #20</" -"ulink>." +"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> While there are not good " +"estimates of the number of used record stores in existence, in 2002, there " +"were 7,198 used book dealers in the United States, an increase of 20 percent " +"since 1993. See Book Hunter Press, <citetitle>The Quiet Revolution: The " +"Expansion of the Used Book Market</citetitle> (2002), available at <ulink " +"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #19</ulink>. Used records " +"accounted for $260 million in sales in 2002. See National Association of " +"Recording Merchandisers, <quote>2002 Annual Survey Results,</quote> " +"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #20</ulink>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> @@ -7091,6 +7233,10 @@ msgstr "" msgid "Bernstein, Leonard" msgstr "Bernstein, Leonard" +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> +msgid "out of print" +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -7132,6 +7278,10 @@ msgstr "" "bokhandlere. eller sagt pÃ¥ en annen mÃ¥te, hvis du tror at typen c deling bør " "stoppes, tror du at biblioteker og brukte bokhandlere bør være stengt ogsÃ¥?" +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary> +msgid "free on-line releases of" +msgstr "gratis online-utgivelser av" + #. PAGE BREAK 86 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy @@ -7578,9 +7728,8 @@ msgid "No protection" msgstr "Ingen beskyttelse" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "Statutory license" -msgstr "lovbestemte lisens" +msgstr "Lovbestemt lisens" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> msgid "Recording artists" @@ -7599,9 +7748,8 @@ msgid "Broadcasters" msgstr "Kringkastere" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "VCR" -msgstr "Videoopptakere" +msgstr "Videospiller/opptaker" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry> msgid "Film creators" @@ -7689,13 +7837,12 @@ msgstr "" #. f25 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City " "Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, (1984)." msgstr "" -"Sony Corporation of america v. universal city studios, inc., 464 amerikanske " -"417, (1984)." +"<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> mot <citetitle>Universal City " +"Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, (1984)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> msgid "" @@ -7739,14 +7886,14 @@ msgstr "" #. f26 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "John Schwartz, <quote>New Economy: The Attack on Peer-to-Peer Software " "Echoes Past Efforts,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 22 " "September 2003, C3." msgstr "" -"John schwartz, \"nye økonomien: angrepet pÃ¥ node-til-node-programvare " -"reflekterer forbi innsats,\" new york times, 22 september 2003, c3." +"John Schwartz, <quote>New Economy: The Attack on Peer-to-Peer Software " +"Echoes Past Efforts,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 22. " +"september 2003, C3." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> msgid "" @@ -7756,15 +7903,20 @@ msgid "" "develop, they could make the network vastly more efficient. Yet these " "<quote>potential public benefits,</quote> as John Schwartz writes in " "<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>, <quote>could be delayed in the " -"P2P fight.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Yet when anyone " -"begins to talk about <quote>balance,</quote> the copyright warriors raise a " -"different argument. <quote>All this hand waving about balance and incentives," -"</quote> they say, <quote>misses a fundamental point. Our content,</quote> " -"the warriors insist, <quote>is our <emphasis>property</emphasis>. Why should " -"we wait for Congress to `rebalance' our property rights? Do you have to wait " -"before calling the police when your car has been stolen? And why should " -"Congress deliberate at all about the merits of this theft? Do we ask whether " -"the car thief had a good use for the car before we arrest him?</quote>" +"P2P fight.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> +msgid "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>Yet when anyone</emphasis> begins to talk about " +"<quote>balance,</quote> the copyright warriors raise a different argument. " +"<quote>All this hand waving about balance and incentives,</quote> they say, " +"<quote>misses a fundamental point. Our content,</quote> the warriors insist, " +"<quote>is our <emphasis>property</emphasis>. Why should we wait for Congress " +"to `rebalance' our property rights? Do you have to wait before calling the " +"police when your car has been stolen? And why should Congress deliberate at " +"all about the merits of this theft? Do we ask whether the car thief had a " +"good use for the car before we arrest him?</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> @@ -7784,16 +7936,17 @@ msgstr "<quote>Eiendom</quote>" #. PAGE BREAK 94 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> msgid "" -"The copyright warriors are right: A copyright is a kind of property. It can " -"be owned and sold, and the law protects against its theft. Ordinarily, the " -"copyright owner gets to hold out for any price he wants. Markets reckon the " -"supply and demand that partially determine the price she can get." +"<emphasis role='strong'>The copyright warriors</emphasis> are right: A " +"copyright is a kind of property. It can be owned and sold, and the law " +"protects against its theft. Ordinarily, the copyright owner gets to hold out " +"for any price he wants. Markets reckon the supply and demand that partially " +"determine the price she can get." msgstr "" -"Opphavsretts-krigerne har rett: Opphavsretten er en type eiendom. Den kan " -"eies og selges, og loven beskytter mot at den blir stjÃ¥let. Vanligvis, kan " -"opphavsrettseieren be om hvilken som helst pris som han ønsker. Markeder " -"bestemmer tilbud og etterspørsel som i hvert tilfelle bestemmer prisen hun " -"kan fÃ¥." +"<emphasis role='strong'>Opphavsretts-krigerne</emphasis> har rett: " +"Opphavsretten er en type eiendom. Den kan eies og selges, og loven beskytter " +"mot at den blir stjÃ¥let. Vanligvis, kan opphavsrettseieren be om hvilken som " +"helst pris som han ønsker. Markeder bestemmer tilbud og etterspørsel som i " +"hvert tilfelle bestemmer prisen hun kan fÃ¥." #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> msgid "" @@ -7809,11 +7962,11 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Men i vanlig sprÃ¥k er det Ã¥ kalle opphavsrett for en <quote>eiendoms</quote>-" "rett litt misvisende, for eindommen i opphavsretten er en merkelig type " -"eiendom. Selve ideen om eienrettigheter til en ide eller et uttrykk er " +"eiendom. Selve Idéen om eienrettigheter til en idé eller et uttrykk er " "nemlig veldig merkelig. Jeg forstÃ¥r hva jeg tar nÃ¥r jeg tar en piknik-bord " "som du plasserte i din bakhage. Jeg tar en ting, piknik-bokrdet, og etter " "at jeg tar det har ikke du det. Men hva tar jeg nÃ¥r jeg tar den gode " -"<emphasis>ideen</emphasis> som du hadde om Ã¥ plassere piknik-bordet i " +"<emphasis>idéen</emphasis> som du hadde om Ã¥ plassere piknik-bordet i " "bakhagen—ved Ã¥ for eksempel dra til butikken Sears, kjøpe et bord, og " "plassere det i min egen bakhage? Hva er tingen jeg tar da?" @@ -7863,7 +8016,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Unntakene til fri bruk er ideer og uttrykk innenfor dekningsomrÃ¥det til " "loven om patent og opphavsrett, og noen fÃ¥ andre omrÃ¥der som jeg ikke vil " -"diskutere her. Her sier loven at du ikke kan ta min ide eller uttrykk uten " +"diskutere her. Her sier loven at du ikke kan ta min idé eller uttrykk uten " "min tilatelse: Loven gjør det immaterielle til eiendom. " #. f2 @@ -7913,7 +8066,7 @@ msgstr "" "Min strategi for Ã¥ gjøre detet er den samme som min strategi i den " "foregÃ¥ende del. Jeg tilbyr fire historier som bidrar til Ã¥ plassere " "<quote>opphavsrettsmateriale er eiendom</quote> i sammenheng. Hvor kom " -"ideen fra? Hva er dens begresninger? Hvordan fungerer dette i praksis. " +"idéen fra? Hva er dens begresninger? Hvordan fungerer dette i praksis. " "Etter disse historiene vil betydningen til dette sanne utsagnet—" "<quote>opphavsrettsmateriale er eiendom</quote>— bli litt mer klart, " "og dets implikasjoner vil bli avslørt som ganske forskjellig fra " @@ -7931,44 +8084,59 @@ msgstr "Henry V" msgid "Branagh, Kenneth" msgstr "Branagh, Kenneth" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -msgid "" -"William Shakespeare wrote <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> in 1595. " -"The play was first published in 1597. It was the eleventh major play that " -"Shakespeare had written. He would continue to write plays through 1613, and " -"the plays that he wrote have continued to define Anglo-American culture ever " -"since. So deeply have the works of a sixteenth-century writer seeped into " -"our culture that we often don't even recognize their source. I once " -"overheard someone commenting on Kenneth Branagh's adaptation of Henry V: " -"<quote>I liked it, but Shakespeare is so full of clichés.</quote>" -msgstr "" -"William Shakespeare skrev <citetitle>Romeo og Julie</citetitle> i 1595. " -"Skuespillet ble først utgitt i 1597. Det var det ellevte store skuespillet " -"Shakespeare hadde skrevet. Han fortsatte Ã¥ skrive skuespill helt til 1613, " -"og stykkene han skrevhar fortsatt Ã¥ definere angloamerikansk kultur siden. " -"SÃ¥ dypt har verkene av en 1500-talls forfatter sunket inn i vÃ¥r kultur at vi " -"ofte ikke engang kjenner kilden. Jeg overhørte en gang noen som kommentere " -"Kenneth Branaghs utgave av Henry V: <quote>Jeg likte det, men Shakespeare er " -"sÃ¥ full av klisjeer.</quote>" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary> +msgid "English copyright law developed for" +msgstr "Engelsk opphavsrettslov utviklet for" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +msgid "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>William Shakespeare</emphasis> wrote " +"<citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> in 1595. The play was first " +"published in 1597. It was the eleventh major play that Shakespeare had " +"written. He would continue to write plays through 1613, and the plays that " +"he wrote have continued to define Anglo-American culture ever since. So " +"deeply have the works of a sixteenth-century writer seeped into our culture " +"that we often don't even recognize their source. I once overheard someone " +"commenting on Kenneth Branagh's adaptation of Henry V: <quote>I liked it, " +"but Shakespeare is so full of clichés.</quote>" +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>William Shakespeare</emphasis> skrev " +"<citetitle>Romeo og Julie</citetitle> i 1595. Skuespillet ble først utgitt i " +"1597. Det var det ellevte store skuespillet Shakespeare hadde skrevet. Han " +"fortsatte Ã¥ skrive skuespill helt til 1613, og stykkene han skrevhar " +"fortsatt Ã¥ definere angloamerikansk kultur siden. SÃ¥ dypt har verkene av en " +"1500-talls forfatter sunket inn i vÃ¥r kultur at vi ofte ikke engang kjenner " +"kilden. Jeg overhørte en gang noen som kommentere Kenneth Branaghs utgave av " +"Henry V: <quote>Jeg likte det, men Shakespeare er sÃ¥ full av klisjeer.</" +"quote>" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> +msgid "Jonson, Ben" +msgstr "Jonson, Ben" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> +msgid "Dryden, John" +msgstr "Dryden, John" -#. f1 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> msgid "" -"Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with prominent " -"eighteenth-century literary figures, especially John Dryden, and for his " -"handsome <quote>definitive editions</quote> of classic works. In addition to " -"<citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle>, he published an astonishing array " -"of works that still remain at the heart of the English canon, including " -"collected works of Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, John Milton, and John Dryden. " -"See Keith Walker, <quote>Jacob Tonson, Bookseller,</quote> " +"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" " +"id=\"1\"/> Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with " +"prominent eighteenth-century literary figures, especially John Dryden, and " +"for his handsome <quote>definitive editions</quote> of classic works. In " +"addition to <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle>, he published an " +"astonishing array of works that still remain at the heart of the English " +"canon, including collected works of Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, John Milton, " +"and John Dryden. See Keith Walker, <quote>Jacob Tonson, Bookseller,</quote> " "<citetitle>American Scholar</citetitle> 61:3 (1992): 424–31." msgstr "" -"Jacob Tonson er vanligvis husket for sin omgang med 1700-tallets litterære " -"storheter, spesielt John Dryden, og for hans kjekke<quote>ferdige versjoner</" -"quote> av klassiske verk. I tillegg til <citetitle>Romeo og Julie</" -"citetitle>, utga han en utrolig rekke liste av verk som ennÃ¥ er hjertet av " -"den engelske kanon, inkludert de samlede verk av Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, " -"John Milton, og John Dryden. Se Keith Walker: <quote>Jacob Tonson, " +"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" " +"id=\"1\"/> Jacob Tonson er vanligvis husket for sin omgang med 1700-tallets " +"litterære storheter, spesielt John Dryden, og for hans kjekke<quote>ferdige " +"versjoner</quote> av klassiske verk. I tillegg til <citetitle>Romeo og " +"Julie</citetitle>, utga han en utrolig rekke liste av verk som ennÃ¥ er " +"hjertet av den engelske kanon, inkludert de samlede verk av Shakespeare, Ben " +"Jonson, John Milton, og John Dryden. Se Keith Walker: <quote>Jacob Tonson, " "Bookseller</quote>, <citetitle>American Scholar</citetitle> 61:3 (1992): 424-­" "31." @@ -8007,6 +8175,10 @@ msgstr "" "kopier av disse bøkene. Slik ble prisen pÃ¥ klassiske bøker holdt oppe; alle " "konkurrenter som lagde bedre eller billigere utgaver, ble fjernet." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> +msgid "British Parliament" +msgstr "Bitiske parlamentet, det" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> msgid "" "As Siva Vaidhyanathan nicely argues, it is erroneous to call this a " @@ -8266,6 +8438,10 @@ msgstr "" "sÃ¥ lenge det gavnet samfunnet. Britene sÃ¥ skadene særinteresserte kunne " "skape; de vedtok en lov for Ã¥ stoppe dem." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> +msgid "booksellers, English" +msgstr "bokselgere, Engelske" + #. f4 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> msgid "" @@ -8875,16 +9051,17 @@ msgstr "Kapittel sju: Innspillerne" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" -"Jon Else is a filmmaker. He is best known for his documentaries and has been " -"very successful in spreading his art. He is also a teacher, and as a teacher " -"myself, I envy the loyalty and admiration that his students feel for him. (I " -"met, by accident, two of his students at a dinner party. He was their god.)" +"<emphasis role='strong'>Jon Else</emphasis> is a filmmaker. He is best known " +"for his documentaries and has been very successful in spreading his art. He " +"is also a teacher, and as a teacher myself, I envy the loyalty and " +"admiration that his students feel for him. (I met, by accident, two of his " +"students at a dinner party. He was their god.)" msgstr "" -"Jon Else er en filmskaper. Han er mest kjent for sine dokumentarer og har pÃ¥ " -"ypperlig vis klart Ã¥ spre sin kunst. Han er ogsÃ¥ en lærer, som meg selv, og " -"jeg misunner den lojaliteten og beundringen hans studenter har for ham. (Ved " -"et uhell møtte jeg to av hans studenter i et middagsselskap og han var deres " -"Gud.)" +"<emphasis role='strong'>Jon Else</emphasis> er en filmskaper. Han er mest " +"kjent for sine dokumentarer og har pÃ¥ ypperlig vis klart Ã¥ spre sin kunst. " +"Han er ogsÃ¥ en lærer, som meg selv, og jeg misunner den lojaliteten og " +"beundringen hans studenter har for ham. (Ved et uhell møtte jeg to av hans " +"studenter i et middagsselskap og han var deres Gud.)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -8997,6 +9174,10 @@ msgstr "" "sekundene med … fullstendig tilfeldig <citetitle>Simpson</citetitle> " "som var i et hjørne i ett opptak.</quote>" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> +msgid "Herrera, Rebecca" +msgstr "Herrera, Rebecca" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" "Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he " @@ -9260,11 +9441,11 @@ msgstr "Alben, Alex" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"In 1993, Alex Alben was a lawyer working at Starwave, Inc. Starwave was an " -"innovative company founded by Microsoft cofounder Paul Allen to develop " -"digital entertainment. Long before the Internet became popular, Starwave " -"began investing in new technology for delivering entertainment in " -"anticipation of the power of networks." +"<emphasis role='strong'>In 1993</emphasis>, Alex Alben was a lawyer working " +"at Starwave, Inc. Starwave was an innovative company founded by Microsoft " +"cofounder Paul Allen to develop digital entertainment. Long before the " +"Internet became popular, Starwave began investing in new technology for " +"delivering entertainment in anticipation of the power of networks." msgstr "" "i 1993 var alex alben en advokat som jobber pÃ¥ starwave, inc. starwave var " "en nyskapende selskap grunnlagt av microsoft cofounder paul allen Ã¥ utvikle " @@ -9841,14 +10022,15 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"In February 2003, DreamWorks studios announced an agreement with Mike Myers, " -"the comic genius of <citetitle>Saturday Night Live</citetitle> and Austin " -"Powers. According to the announcement, Myers and Dream-Works would work " -"together to form a <quote>unique filmmaking pact.</quote> Under the " -"agreement, DreamWorks <quote>will acquire the rights to existing motion " -"picture hits and classics, write new storylines and—with the use of " -"stateof-the-art digital technology—insert Myers and other actors into " -"the film, thereby creating an entirely new piece of entertainment.</quote>" +"<emphasis role='strong'>In February 2003</emphasis>, DreamWorks studios " +"announced an agreement with Mike Myers, the comic genius of " +"<citetitle>Saturday Night Live</citetitle> and Austin Powers. According to " +"the announcement, Myers and Dream-Works would work together to form a " +"<quote>unique filmmaking pact.</quote> Under the agreement, DreamWorks " +"<quote>will acquire the rights to existing motion picture hits and classics, " +"write new storylines and—with the use of stateof-the-art digital " +"technology—insert Myers and other actors into the film, thereby " +"creating an entirely new piece of entertainment.</quote>" msgstr "" "i februar 2003 annonsert dreamworks studios en avtale med mike myers, comic " "geni av lørdag natt live og austin powers. Ifølge utlysningen, myers og drøm-" @@ -9933,16 +10115,21 @@ msgstr "Kapittel ni: Samlere" msgid "archives, digital" msgstr "arkiver, digitale" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary> +msgid "bots" +msgstr "bot-er" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"In April 1996, millions of <quote>bots</quote>—computer codes designed " -"to <quote>spider,</quote> or automatically search the Internet and copy " -"content—began running across the Net. Page by page, these bots copied " -"Internet-based information onto a small set of computers located in a " -"basement in San Francisco's Presidio. Once the bots finished the whole of " -"the Internet, they started again. Over and over again, once every two " -"months, these bits of code took copies of the Internet and stored them." +"<emphasis role='strong'>In April 1996</emphasis>, millions of <quote>bots</" +"quote>—computer codes designed to <quote>spider,</quote> or " +"automatically search the Internet and copy content—began running " +"across the Net. Page by page, these bots copied Internet-based information " +"onto a small set of computers located in a basement in San Francisco's " +"Presidio. Once the bots finished the whole of the Internet, they started " +"again. Over and over again, once every two months, these bits of code took " +"copies of the Internet and stored them." msgstr "" "I april 1996 begynte millioner av \"bots\"—datakode utformet til " "\"edderkopp\", eller automatisk søke Internett og kopiere innholdet—" @@ -10012,15 +10199,19 @@ msgstr "" "Internett er orwell's bibliotek—oppdatert hele tiden, uten noen " "pÃ¥litelig minne." -#. f1 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> +msgid "White House press releases" +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"The temptations remain, however. Brewster Kahle reports that the White House " -"changes its own press releases without notice. A May 13, 2003, press release " -"stated, <quote>Combat Operations in Iraq Have Ended.</quote> That was later " -"changed, without notice, to <quote>Major Combat Operations in Iraq Have " -"Ended.</quote> E-mail from Brewster Kahle, 1 December 2003." +"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" " +"id=\"1\"/> The temptations remain, however. Brewster Kahle reports that the " +"White House changes its own press releases without notice. A May 13, 2003, " +"press release stated, <quote>Combat Operations in Iraq Have Ended.</quote> " +"That was later changed, without notice, to <quote>Major Combat Operations in " +"Iraq Have Ended.</quote> E-mail from Brewster Kahle, 1 December 2003." msgstr "" "fristelsene fortsatt, men. Brewster kahle rapporterer at det hvite hus " "endrer sin egen pressemeldinger uten varsel. en mai 13, 2003, pressemelding " @@ -10037,17 +10228,21 @@ msgid "" "forget.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> +msgid "history, records of" +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"We take it for granted that we can go back to see what we remember reading. " -"Think about newspapers. If you wanted to study the reaction of your hometown " -"newspaper to the race riots in Watts in 1965, or to Bull Connor's water " -"cannon in 1963, you could go to your public library and look at the " -"newspapers. Those papers probably exist on microfiche. If you're lucky, they " -"exist in paper, too. Either way, you are free, using a library, to go back " -"and remember—not just what it is convenient to remember, but remember " -"something close to the truth." +"<emphasis role='strong'>We take it</emphasis> for granted that we can go " +"back to see what we remember reading. Think about newspapers. If you wanted " +"to study the reaction of your hometown newspaper to the race riots in Watts " +"in 1965, or to Bull Connor's water cannon in 1963, you could go to your " +"public library and look at the newspapers. Those papers probably exist on " +"microfiche. If you're lucky, they exist in paper, too. Either way, you are " +"free, using a library, to go back and remember—not just what it is " +"convenient to remember, but remember something close to the truth." msgstr "" "vi ta det for gitt at vi kan gÃ¥ tilbake til Ã¥ se hva vi husker jeg leser. " "Tenk pÃ¥ aviser. Hvis du ønsker Ã¥ studere reaksjon i hjembyen avisa pÃ¥ rase " @@ -10390,17 +10585,16 @@ msgstr "" "kunnskap om vÃ¥r historie. i denne second life, kan innholdet fortsette Ã¥ " "informere selv om denne informasjonen ikke lenger er solgt." -#. f3 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"Dave Barns, <quote>Fledgling Career in Antique Books: Woodstock Landlord, " -"Bar Owner Starts a New Chapter by Adopting Business,</quote> " -"<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 5 September 1997, at Metro Lake 1L. " -"Of books published between 1927 and 1946, only 2.2 percent were in print in " -"2002. R. Anthony Reese, <quote>The First Sale Doctrine in the Era of Digital " -"Networks,</quote> <citetitle>Boston College Law Review</citetitle> 44 " -"(2003): 593 n. 51." +"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Dave Barns, <quote>Fledgling " +"Career in Antique Books: Woodstock Landlord, Bar Owner Starts a New Chapter " +"by Adopting Business,</quote> <citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 5 " +"September 1997, at Metro Lake 1L. Of books published between 1927 and 1946, " +"only 2.2 percent were in print in 2002. R. Anthony Reese, <quote>The First " +"Sale Doctrine in the Era of Digital Networks,</quote> <citetitle>Boston " +"College Law Review</citetitle> 44 (2003): 593 n. 51." msgstr "" "Dave barns, \"fledgling karriere i antikke bøker: woodstock utleier, bar " "eier starter et nytt kapittel ved Ã¥ innta virksomhet,\" chicago tribune, 5 " @@ -10444,13 +10638,14 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"For most of the twentieth century, it was economics that made this so. It " -"would have been insanely expensive to collect and make accessible all " -"television and film and music: The cost of analog copies is extraordinarily " -"high. So even though the law in principle would have restricted the ability " -"of a Brewster Kahle to copy culture generally, the real restriction was " -"economics. The market made it impossibly difficult to do anything about this " -"ephemeral culture; the law had little practical effect." +"<emphasis role='strong'>For most of</emphasis> the twentieth century, it was " +"economics that made this so. It would have been insanely expensive to " +"collect and make accessible all television and film and music: The cost of " +"analog copies is extraordinarily high. So even though the law in principle " +"would have restricted the ability of a Brewster Kahle to copy culture " +"generally, the real restriction was economics. The market made it impossibly " +"difficult to do anything about this ephemeral culture; the law had little " +"practical effect." msgstr "" "for det meste av det tjuende Ã¥rhundre var det økonomi som gjorde dette sÃ¥. " "det ville ha vært sinnsykt dyrt Ã¥ samle og gjøre tilgjengelig alle TV og " @@ -10489,10 +10684,6 @@ msgstr "" "brewster kahles i vÃ¥r historie har drømt om det; men vi er for første gang " "ved et punkt der det er mulig at drømmen. som kahle beskriver," -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><primary> -msgid "books" -msgstr "bøker" - #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><secondary> msgid "total number of" msgstr "totalt antall" @@ -10570,7 +10761,7 @@ msgstr "" msgid "CHAPTER TEN: <quote>Property</quote>" msgstr "Kapittel ti: <quote>Eiendom</quote>" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary> +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> msgid "Johnson, Lyndon" msgstr "Johnson, Lyndon" @@ -10581,14 +10772,13 @@ msgstr "Kennedy, John F." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"Jack Valenti has been the president of the Motion Picture Association of " -"America since 1966. He first came to Washington, D.C., with Lyndon Johnson's " -"administration—literally. The famous picture of Johnson's swearing-in " -"on Air Force One after the assassination of President Kennedy has Valenti in " -"the background. In his almost forty years of running the MPAA, Valenti has " -"established himself as perhaps the most prominent and effective lobbyist in " -"Washington. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=" -"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<emphasis role='strong'>Jack Valenti</emphasis> has been the president of " +"the Motion Picture Association of America since 1966. He first came to " +"Washington, D.C., with Lyndon Johnson's administration—literally. The " +"famous picture of Johnson's swearing-in on Air Force One after the " +"assassination of President Kennedy has Valenti in the background. In his " +"almost forty years of running the MPAA, Valenti has established himself as " +"perhaps the most prominent and effective lobbyist in Washington." msgstr "" "Jack valenti har vært president i motion picture association of america " "siden 1966. først kom han til washington, DC, med lyndon johnson's " @@ -10852,9 +11042,7 @@ msgid "" "does. (Ask me about tenure, for example.) But what's good for the MPAA is " "not necessarily good for America. A society that defends the ideals of free " "culture must preserve precisely the opportunity for new creativity to " -"threaten the old. To get just a hint that there is something fundamentally " -"wrong in Valenti's argument, we need look no further than the United States " -"Constitution itself." +"threaten the old." msgstr "" "organisasjoner som mpaa, der styret bestÃ¥r av den mektigste av de gamle " "garde, har liten interesse, deres retorikk til tross for, i Ã¥ sikre at den " @@ -10865,6 +11053,13 @@ msgstr "" "et snev at det er noe fundamentalt galt i valenti's-argumentet, mÃ¥ vi se " "lenger enn USA Grunnloven selv." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +msgid "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>To get</emphasis> just a hint that there is " +"something fundamentally wrong in Valenti's argument, we need look no further " +"than the United States Constitution itself." +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -11525,7 +11720,7 @@ msgstr "" msgid "Brezhnev, Leonid" msgstr "Brezhnev, Leonid" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><indexterm><primary> +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary> msgid "Gates, Bill" msgstr "Gates, Bill" @@ -12656,6 +12851,10 @@ msgstr "Alle potensielle bruk av en bok." msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1521.png\"></graphic>" msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1521.png\"></graphic>" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary> +msgid "three types of uses of" +msgstr "tre typer bruk av" + #. PAGE BREAK 152 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy @@ -12780,6 +12979,10 @@ msgstr "" "bruker som likevel anses \"rettferdig\" uavhengig av copyrighteieren " "visninger." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary> +msgid "on Internet" +msgstr "pÃ¥ internet" + #. f18 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy @@ -12964,6 +13167,10 @@ msgstr "" "video rørledningen fikk tilhengere fra trevare, sette tilhengere pÃ¥ bÃ¥nd, og " "solgt kassetter til selge i detalj butikker." +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> +msgid "browsing" +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -13689,6 +13896,10 @@ msgstr "" "pet om hvordan Ã¥ hacke datamaskinen \"hund\" slik at den gjør nye triks " "(derfor aibohack.com)." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary> +msgid "hacks" +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -13789,7 +14000,7 @@ msgstr "" "felten stÃ¥tt sin bakken. Han var ikke om Ã¥ bli mobba til Ã¥ være stille om " "noe han visste godt." -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary> +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary> msgid "Electronic Frontier Foundation" msgstr "Elektronisk forpost-stiftelsen (EFF)" @@ -14051,7 +14262,7 @@ msgstr "" msgid "Rogers, Fred" msgstr "Rogers, Fred" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary> +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary> msgid "Conrad, Paul" msgstr "Conrad, Paul" @@ -14150,6 +14361,10 @@ msgstr "" "opphavsrettsbeskyttet materiale pÃ¥ mÃ¥ter som vil anses rimelig bruk—en " "god slutt." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary> +msgid "handguns" +msgstr "" + #. PAGE BREAK 171 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy @@ -14181,8 +14396,7 @@ msgid "" "technologies) are illegal. Flash: <emphasis>No one ever died from copyright " "circumvention</emphasis>. Yet the law bans circumvention technologies " "absolutely, despite the potential that they might do some good, but permits " -"guns, despite the obvious and tragic harm they do. <placeholder type=" -"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" +"guns, despite the obvious and tragic harm they do." msgstr "" "den Ã¥penbare punkt conrad's tegneserie er weirdness av en verden der guns er " "juridisk, til tross for skade som de kan gjøre, mens videospillere (og " @@ -14896,7 +15110,7 @@ msgstr "" "kampanje for media som en del av \"krigen mot narkotika.\" kampanjen " "produsert score til kort film klipp om problemer i forbindelse med illegale " "rusmidler. i én serie (nick og normen-serie) to menn er i en bar, diskuterer " -"ideen om legalizing narkotika som en mÃ¥te Ã¥ unngÃ¥ noen av " +"idéen om legalizing narkotika som en mÃ¥te Ã¥ unngÃ¥ noen av " "sikkerhetsstillelse skade fra krigen. en avanserer et argument for narkotika " "legalization. de andre svarer pÃ¥ en kraftig og effektiv mÃ¥te mot argumentet " "av første. til slutt, den første mann forandrer mening (Hei, det er TV). " @@ -15172,7 +15386,9 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy -msgid "This has been a long chapter. Its point can now be briefly stated." +msgid "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>This has been</emphasis> a long chapter. Its point " +"can now be briefly stated." msgstr "Dette har vært en lang kapittel. sitt punkt kan nÃ¥ kort oppgis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> @@ -15431,11 +15647,11 @@ msgstr "Nøtter" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> msgid "CHAPTER ELEVEN: Chimera" -msgstr "Kapittel elleve: Chimera" +msgstr "Kapittel elleve: Fantasifoster" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> msgid "chimeras" -msgstr "" +msgstr "fantasifoster/chimera" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> msgid "Wells, H. G." @@ -15458,15 +15674,15 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" -"In a well-known short story by H. G. Wells, a mountain climber named Nunez " -"trips (literally, down an ice slope) into an unknown and isolated valley in " -"the Peruvian Andes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The valley is " -"extraordinarily beautiful, with <quote>sweet water, pasture, an even " -"climate, slopes of rich brown soil with tangles of a shrub that bore an " -"excellent fruit.</quote> But the villagers are all blind. Nunez takes this " -"as an opportunity. <quote>In the Country of the Blind,</quote> he tells " -"himself, <quote>the One-Eyed Man is King.</quote> So he resolves to live " -"with the villagers to explore life as a king." +"<emphasis role='strong'>In a well-known</emphasis> short story by H. G. " +"Wells, a mountain climber named Nunez trips (literally, down an ice slope) " +"into an unknown and isolated valley in the Peruvian Andes.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The valley is extraordinarily beautiful, with " +"<quote>sweet water, pasture, an even climate, slopes of rich brown soil with " +"tangles of a shrub that bore an excellent fruit.</quote> But the villagers " +"are all blind. Nunez takes this as an opportunity. <quote>In the Country of " +"the Blind,</quote> he tells himself, <quote>the One-Eyed Man is King.</" +"quote> So he resolves to live with the villagers to explore life as a king." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -15558,20 +15774,25 @@ msgstr "" "helbrede ham helt, alt vi trenger Ã¥ gjøre er en enkel og lett kirurgisk " "operasjon – nemlig Ã¥ fjerne disse irriterende organer [øynene].\"" -#. PAGE BREAK 188 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "<quote>Thank Heaven for science!</quote> says the father to the doctor. They " "inform Nunez of this condition necessary for him to be allowed his bride. " "(You'll have to read the original to learn what happens in the end. I " -"believe in free culture, but never in giving away the end of a story.) It " -"sometimes happens that the eggs of twins fuse in the mother's womb. That " -"fusion produces a <quote>chimera.</quote> A chimera is a single creature " -"with two sets of DNA. The DNA in the blood, for example, might be different " -"from the DNA of the skin. This possibility is an underused plot for murder " -"mysteries. <quote>But the DNA shows with 100 percent certainty that she was " -"not the person whose blood was at the scene. …</quote>" +"believe in free culture, but never in giving away the end of a story.)" +msgstr "" + +#. PAGE BREAK 188 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#, mtrans, fuzzy +msgid "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>It sometimes</emphasis> happens that the eggs of " +"twins fuse in the mother's womb. That fusion produces a <quote>chimera.</" +"quote> A chimera is a single creature with two sets of DNA. The DNA in the " +"blood, for example, might be different from the DNA of the skin. This " +"possibility is an underused plot for murder mysteries. <quote>But the DNA " +"shows with 100 percent certainty that she was not the person whose blood was " +"at the scene. …</quote>" msgstr "" "\"thank heaven for science!\", sier faren til legen. de informere nunez av " "denne tilstanden som er nødvendig for ham Ã¥ være tillatt hans brud. (du mÃ¥ " @@ -15698,6 +15919,10 @@ msgstr "" "for Ã¥ begynne Ã¥ tenke pÃ¥ hvordan vi skal reagere pÃ¥ denne chimera. hvilke " "regler bør styre det?" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary> +msgid "ISPs (Internet service providers), user identities revealed by" +msgstr "ISPer (Internet-tilbydere), brukeridentiteter avslørt av" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> msgid "Conyers, John, Jr." msgstr "Conyers, John, Jr." @@ -15708,35 +15933,36 @@ msgstr "Berman, Howard L." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> msgid "" -"For an excellent summary, see the report prepared by GartnerG2 and the " -"Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, " -"<quote>Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,</quote> 27 June " -"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #33</" -"ulink>. Reps. John Conyers Jr. (D-Mich.) and Howard L. Berman (D-Calif.) " -"have introduced a bill that would treat unauthorized on-line copying as a " -"felony offense with punishments ranging as high as five years imprisonment; " -"see Jon Healey, <quote>House Bill Aims to Up Stakes on Piracy,</quote> " -"<citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 17 July 2003, available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #34</ulink>. Civil penalties are " -"currently set at $150,000 per copied song. For a recent (and unsuccessful) " -"legal challenge to the RIAA's demand that an ISP reveal the identity of a " -"user accused of sharing more than 600 songs through a family computer, see " -"<citetitle>RIAA</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Verizon Internet Services (In re. " -"Verizon Internet Services)</citetitle>, 240 F. Supp. 2d 24 (D.D.C. 2003). " -"Such a user could face liability ranging as high as $90 million. Such " -"astronomical figures furnish the RIAA with a powerful arsenal in its " -"prosecution of file sharers. Settlements ranging from $12,000 to $17,500 for " -"four students accused of heavy file sharing on university networks must have " -"seemed a mere pittance next to the $98 billion the RIAA could seek should " -"the matter proceed to court. See Elizabeth Young, <quote>Downloading Could " -"Lead to Fines,</quote> redandblack.com, August 2003, available at <ulink url=" -"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #35</ulink>. For an example of the " -"RIAA's targeting of student file sharing, and of the subpoenas issued to " -"universities to reveal student file-sharer identities, see James Collins, " -"<quote>RIAA Steps Up Bid to Force BC, MIT to Name Students,</quote> " -"<citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 8 August 2003, D3, available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #36</ulink>. <placeholder type=" -"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>" +"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> For an excellent summary, see the " +"report prepared by GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society " +"at Harvard Law School, <quote>Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster " +"World,</quote> 27 June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture." +"cc/notes/\">link #33</ulink>. Reps. John Conyers Jr. (D-Mich.) and Howard L. " +"Berman (D-Calif.) have introduced a bill that would treat unauthorized on-" +"line copying as a felony offense with punishments ranging as high as five " +"years imprisonment; see Jon Healey, <quote>House Bill Aims to Up Stakes on " +"Piracy,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 17 July 2003, " +"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #34</ulink>. " +"Civil penalties are currently set at $150,000 per copied song. For a recent " +"(and unsuccessful) legal challenge to the RIAA's demand that an ISP reveal " +"the identity of a user accused of sharing more than 600 songs through a " +"family computer, see <citetitle>RIAA</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Verizon " +"Internet Services (In re. Verizon Internet Services)</citetitle>, 240 F. " +"Supp. 2d 24 (D.D.C. 2003). Such a user could face liability ranging as high " +"as $90 million. Such astronomical figures furnish the RIAA with a powerful " +"arsenal in its prosecution of file sharers. Settlements ranging from $12,000 " +"to $17,500 for four students accused of heavy file sharing on university " +"networks must have seemed a mere pittance next to the $98 billion the RIAA " +"could seek should the matter proceed to court. See Elizabeth Young, " +"<quote>Downloading Could Lead to Fines,</quote> redandblack.com, August " +"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #35</" +"ulink>. For an example of the RIAA's targeting of student file sharing, and " +"of the subpoenas issued to universities to reveal student file-sharer " +"identities, see James Collins, <quote>RIAA Steps Up Bid to Force BC, MIT to " +"Name Students,</quote> <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 8 August 2003, " +"D3, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #36</" +"ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=" +"\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -15912,11 +16138,12 @@ msgstr "Kapittel tolv: Skader" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"To fight <quote>piracy,</quote> to protect <quote>property,</quote> the " -"content industry has launched a war. Lobbying and lots of campaign " -"contributions have now brought the government into this war. As with any " -"war, this one will have both direct and collateral damage. As with any war " -"of prohibition, these damages will be suffered most by our own people." +"<emphasis role='strong'>To fight</emphasis> <quote>piracy,</quote> to " +"protect <quote>property,</quote> the content industry has launched a war. " +"Lobbying and lots of campaign contributions have now brought the government " +"into this war. As with any war, this one will have both direct and " +"collateral damage. As with any war of prohibition, these damages will be " +"suffered most by our own people." msgstr "" "for Ã¥ bekjempe \"piratkopiering\", for Ã¥ beskytte \"eiendom\" har innhold " "industrien lansert en krig. Lobbying og massevis av kampanjen bidrag har nÃ¥ " @@ -16725,11 +16952,7 @@ msgid "" "least do everything it can to limit the reach of the law where the law is " "not doing any good. The transaction costs buried within a permission culture " "are enough to bury a wide range of creativity. Someone needs to do a lot of " -"justifying to justify that result. The uncertainty of the law is one burden " -"on innovation. There is a second burden that operates more directly. This is " -"the effort by many in the content industry to use the law to directly " -"regulate the technology of the Internet so that it better protects their " -"content." +"justifying to justify that result." msgstr "" "byggingen av en tillatelse-kultur, i stedet for en fri kultur, er den første " "viktige mÃ¥ten der vil endringene jeg har beskrevet byrden innovasjon. en " @@ -16749,6 +16972,15 @@ msgstr "" "innhold for Ã¥ bruke loven til Ã¥ regulere direkte teknologi pÃ¥ Internett slik " "at det bedre beskytter innholdet." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> +msgid "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>The uncertainty</emphasis> of the law is one burden " +"on innovation. There is a second burden that operates more directly. This is " +"the effort by many in the content industry to use the law to directly " +"regulate the technology of the Internet so that it better protects their " +"content." +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -16844,8 +17076,9 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"There is one more obvious way in which this war has harmed innovation—" -"again, a story that will be quite familiar to the free market crowd." +"<emphasis role='strong'>There is one</emphasis> more obvious way in which " +"this war has harmed innovation—again, a story that will be quite " +"familiar to the free market crowd." msgstr "" "Det er en tydeligere mÃ¥te der denne krigen har skadet innovasjon - igjen, en " "historie som vil være ganske kjent for fritt marked publikum." @@ -16899,18 +17132,22 @@ msgstr "" "domstoler og Kongressen innført juridiske restriksjoner som vil ha effekten " "av smothering ny for Ã¥ dra nytte av gamle." -#. f10. +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> +msgid "Grokster, Ltd." +msgstr "Grokster, Ltd." + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"The only circuit court exception is found in <citetitle>Recording Industry " -"Association of America (RIAA)</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Diamond Multimedia " -"Systems</citetitle>, 180 F. 3d 1072 (9th Cir. 1999). There the court of " -"appeals for the Ninth Circuit reasoned that makers of a portable MP3 player " -"were not liable for contributory copyright infringement for a device that is " -"unable to record or redistribute music (a device whose only copying function " -"is to render portable a music file already stored on a user's hard drive). " -"At the district court level, the only exception is found in <citetitle>Metro-" +"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> The only circuit court exception " +"is found in <citetitle>Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)</" +"citetitle> v. <citetitle>Diamond Multimedia Systems</citetitle>, 180 F. 3d " +"1072 (9th Cir. 1999). There the court of appeals for the Ninth Circuit " +"reasoned that makers of a portable MP3 player were not liable for " +"contributory copyright infringement for a device that is unable to record or " +"redistribute music (a device whose only copying function is to render " +"portable a music file already stored on a user's hard drive). At the " +"district court level, the only exception is found in <citetitle>Metro-" "Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Grokster, Ltd</" "citetitle>., 259 F. Supp. 2d 1029 (C.D. Cal., 2003), where the court found " "the link between the distributor and any given user's conduct too attenuated " @@ -17855,19 +18092,25 @@ msgstr "" "konkurranse. for dem er valget mellom fortythree millioner amerikanere som " "kriminelle og deres egen overlevelse." +#. PAGE BREAK 214 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> -#, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" "It is understandable why they choose as they do. It is not understandable " "why we as a democracy continue to choose as we do. Jack Valenti is charming; " "but not so charming as to justify giving up a tradition as deep and " -"important as our tradition of free culture. There's one more aspect to this " +"important as our tradition of free culture." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para> +#, mtrans, fuzzy +msgid "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>There's one more</emphasis> aspect to this " "corruption that is particularly important to civil liberties, and follows " "directly from any war of prohibition. As Electronic Frontier Foundation " "attorney Fred von Lohmann describes, this is the <quote>collateral damage</" "quote> that <quote>arises whenever you turn a very large percentage of the " "population into criminals.</quote> This is the collateral damage to civil " -"liberties generally. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" +"liberties generally." msgstr "" "Det er forstÃ¥elig hvorfor de velger som de gjør. Det er ikke forstÃ¥elig " "hvorfor vi som et demokrati fortsette Ã¥ velge som vi gjør. Jack valenti er " @@ -18122,15 +18365,16 @@ msgstr "Maktfordeling" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> msgid "" -"So here's the picture: You're standing at the side of the road. Your car is " -"on fire. You are angry and upset because in part you helped start the fire. " -"Now you don't know how to put it out. Next to you is a bucket, filled with " -"gasoline. Obviously, gasoline won't put the fire out." +"<emphasis role='strong'>So here's</emphasis> the picture: You're standing at " +"the side of the road. Your car is on fire. You are angry and upset because " +"in part you helped start the fire. Now you don't know how to put it out. " +"Next to you is a bucket, filled with gasoline. Obviously, gasoline won't put " +"the fire out." msgstr "" -"SÃ¥ her er bildet: Du stÃ¥r pÃ¥ siden av veien. Bilen din er pÃ¥ brann. Du er " -"sint og opprørt fordi du delvis bidro til Ã¥ starte brannen. NÃ¥ vet du ikke " -"hvordan du slokker den. Ved siden av deg er en bøtte, fylt med bensin. " -"Bensin vil Ã¥penbart ikke slukke brannen." +"<emphasis role='strong'>SÃ¥ her</emphasis> er bildet: Du stÃ¥r pÃ¥ siden av " +"veien. Bilen din er pÃ¥ brann. Du er sint og opprørt fordi du delvis bidro " +"til Ã¥ starte brannen. NÃ¥ vet du ikke hvordan du slokker den. Ved siden av " +"deg er en bøtte, fylt med bensin. Bensin vil Ã¥penbart ikke slukke brannen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> msgid "" @@ -18148,19 +18392,20 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> msgid "" -"A war about copyright rages all around—and we're all focusing on the " -"wrong thing. No doubt, current technologies threaten existing businesses. " -"No doubt they may threaten artists. But technologies change. The industry " -"and technologists have plenty of ways to use technology to protect " -"themselves against the current threats of the Internet. This is a fire that " -"if let alone would burn itself out." -msgstr "" -"En krig om opphavsrett pÃ¥gÃ¥r over alt— og vi fokuserer alle pÃ¥ feil " -"ting. Det er ingen tvil om at dagens teknologier truer eksisterende " -"virksomheter. Uten tvil kan de true artister. Men teknologier endrer seg. " -"Industrien og teknologer har en rekke mÃ¥ter Ã¥ bruke teknologi til Ã¥ beskytte " -"dem selv mot dagens trusler pÃ¥ Internet. Dette er en brann som overlatt til " -"seg selv vil brenne ut." +"<emphasis role='strong'>A war</emphasis> about copyright rages all " +"around—and we're all focusing on the wrong thing. No doubt, current " +"technologies threaten existing businesses. No doubt they may threaten " +"artists. But technologies change. The industry and technologists have " +"plenty of ways to use technology to protect themselves against the current " +"threats of the Internet. This is a fire that if let alone would burn itself " +"out." +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>En krig</emphasis> om opphavsrett pÃ¥gÃ¥r over " +"alt— og vi fokuserer alle pÃ¥ feil ting. Det er ingen tvil om at " +"dagens teknologier truer eksisterende virksomheter. Uten tvil kan de true " +"artister. Men teknologier endrer seg. Industrien og teknologer har en " +"rekke mÃ¥ter Ã¥ bruke teknologi til Ã¥ beskytte dem selv mot dagens trusler pÃ¥ " +"Internet. Dette er en brann som overlatt til seg selv vil brenne ut." #. PAGE BREAK 219 #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> @@ -18225,12 +18470,13 @@ msgstr "Hawthorne, Nathaniel" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"In 1995, a father was frustrated that his daughters didn't seem to like " -"Hawthorne. No doubt there was more than one such father, but at least one " -"did something about it. Eric Eldred, a retired computer programmer living in " -"New Hampshire, decided to put Hawthorne on the Web. An electronic version, " -"Eldred thought, with links to pictures and explanatory text, would make this " -"nineteenth-century author's work come alive." +"<emphasis role='strong'>In 1995</emphasis>, a father was frustrated that his " +"daughters didn't seem to like Hawthorne. No doubt there was more than one " +"such father, but at least one did something about it. Eric Eldred, a retired " +"computer programmer living in New Hampshire, decided to put Hawthorne on the " +"Web. An electronic version, Eldred thought, with links to pictures and " +"explanatory text, would make this nineteenth-century author's work come " +"alive." msgstr "" "i 1995 var en far frustrert at hans døtre ikke synes Ã¥ ha hawthorne. uten " "tvil var det flere slike far, men minst én gjorde noe med det. Eric eldred, " @@ -18747,14 +18993,15 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"Constitutional law is not oblivious to the obvious. Or at least, it need not " -"be. So when I was considering Eldred's complaint, this reality about the " -"never-ending incentives to increase the copyright term was central to my " -"thinking. In my view, a pragmatic court committed to interpreting and " -"applying the Constitution of our framers would see that if Congress has the " -"power to extend existing terms, then there would be no effective " -"constitutional requirement that terms be <quote>limited.</quote> If they " -"could extend it once, they would extend it again and again and again." +"<emphasis role='strong'>Constitutional law</emphasis> is not oblivious to " +"the obvious. Or at least, it need not be. So when I was considering Eldred's " +"complaint, this reality about the never-ending incentives to increase the " +"copyright term was central to my thinking. In my view, a pragmatic court " +"committed to interpreting and applying the Constitution of our framers would " +"see that if Congress has the power to extend existing terms, then there " +"would be no effective constitutional requirement that terms be " +"<quote>limited.</quote> If they could extend it once, they would extend it " +"again and again and again." msgstr "" "konstitusjonelle loven er ikke oblivious til det Ã¥penbare. eller i det " "minste, det trenger ikke være. sÃ¥ nÃ¥r jeg var vurderer eldred's klage, denne " @@ -18937,20 +19184,20 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"Now let's pause for a moment to make sure we understand what the argument in " -"<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was not about. By insisting on the " -"Constitution's limits to copyright, obviously Eldred was not endorsing " -"piracy. Indeed, in an obvious sense, he was fighting a kind of piracy—" -"piracy of the public domain. When Robert Frost wrote his work and when Walt " -"Disney created Mickey Mouse, the maximum copyright term was just fifty-six " -"years. Because of interim changes, Frost and Disney had already enjoyed a " -"seventy-five-year monopoly for their work. They had gotten the benefit of " -"the bargain that the Constitution envisions: In exchange for a monopoly " -"protected for fifty-six years, they created new work. But now these entities " -"were using their power—expressed through the power of lobbyists' " -"money—to get another twenty-year dollop of monopoly. That twenty-year " -"dollop would be taken from the public domain. Eric Eldred was fighting a " -"piracy that affects us all." +"<emphasis role='strong'>Now let's pause</emphasis> for a moment to make sure " +"we understand what the argument in <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was not " +"about. By insisting on the Constitution's limits to copyright, obviously " +"Eldred was not endorsing piracy. Indeed, in an obvious sense, he was " +"fighting a kind of piracy—piracy of the public domain. When Robert " +"Frost wrote his work and when Walt Disney created Mickey Mouse, the maximum " +"copyright term was just fifty-six years. Because of interim changes, Frost " +"and Disney had already enjoyed a seventy-five-year monopoly for their work. " +"They had gotten the benefit of the bargain that the Constitution envisions: " +"In exchange for a monopoly protected for fifty-six years, they created new " +"work. But now these entities were using their power—expressed through " +"the power of lobbyists' money—to get another twenty-year dollop of " +"monopoly. That twenty-year dollop would be taken from the public domain. " +"Eric Eldred was fighting a piracy that affects us all." msgstr "" "NÃ¥ la oss pause for et øyeblikk Ã¥ sørge for at vi forstÃ¥r hva argumentet i " "eldred ikke var om. ved Ã¥ insistere pÃ¥ grunnlovens grenser for opphavsrett, " @@ -19013,14 +19260,15 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"It is valuable copyrights that are responsible for terms being extended. " -"Mickey Mouse and <quote>Rhapsody in Blue.</quote> These works are too " -"valuable for copyright owners to ignore. But the real harm to our society " -"from copyright extensions is not that Mickey Mouse remains Disney's. Forget " -"Mickey Mouse. Forget Robert Frost. Forget all the works from the 1920s and " -"1930s that have continuing commercial value. The real harm of term extension " -"comes not from these famous works. The real harm is to the works that are " -"not famous, not commercially exploited, and no longer available as a result." +"<emphasis role='strong'>It is valuable</emphasis> copyrights that are " +"responsible for terms being extended. Mickey Mouse and <quote>Rhapsody in " +"Blue.</quote> These works are too valuable for copyright owners to ignore. " +"But the real harm to our society from copyright extensions is not that " +"Mickey Mouse remains Disney's. Forget Mickey Mouse. Forget Robert Frost. " +"Forget all the works from the 1920s and 1930s that have continuing " +"commercial value. The real harm of term extension comes not from these " +"famous works. The real harm is to the works that are not famous, not " +"commercially exploited, and no longer available as a result." msgstr "" "Det er verdifull opphavsrett som er ansvarlig for vilkÃ¥rene blir utvidet. " "Mikke Mus og \"rhapsody in blue.\" disse verkene er ogsÃ¥ nyttig for eiere av " @@ -19393,12 +19641,12 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"Of all the creative work produced by humans anywhere, a tiny fraction has " -"continuing commercial value. For that tiny fraction, the copyright is a " -"crucially important legal device. For that tiny fraction, the copyright " -"creates incentives to produce and distribute the creative work. For that " -"tiny fraction, the copyright acts as an <quote>engine of free expression.</" -"quote>" +"<emphasis role='strong'>Of all the</emphasis> creative work produced by " +"humans anywhere, a tiny fraction has continuing commercial value. For that " +"tiny fraction, the copyright is a crucially important legal device. For that " +"tiny fraction, the copyright creates incentives to produce and distribute " +"the creative work. For that tiny fraction, the copyright acts as an " +"<quote>engine of free expression.</quote>" msgstr "" "av alle kreative arbeidet produsert av mennesker overalt, har en liten " "brøkdel fortsetter kommersiell verdi. for at liten brøkdel er opphavsretten " @@ -19641,12 +19889,13 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"In January 1999, we filed a lawsuit on Eric Eldred's behalf in federal " -"district court in Washington, D.C., asking the court to declare the Sonny " -"Bono Copyright Term Extension Act unconstitutional. The two central claims " -"that we made were (1) that extending existing terms violated the " -"Constitution's <quote>limited Times</quote> requirement, and (2) that " -"extending terms by another twenty years violated the First Amendment." +"<emphasis role='strong'>In January 1999</emphasis>, we filed a lawsuit on " +"Eric Eldred's behalf in federal district court in Washington, D.C., asking " +"the court to declare the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act " +"unconstitutional. The two central claims that we made were (1) that " +"extending existing terms violated the Constitution's <quote>limited Times</" +"quote> requirement, and (2) that extending terms by another twenty years " +"violated the First Amendment." msgstr "" "i januar 1999 anlagt vi en sak pÃ¥ eric eldred vegne i federal district court " "i washington, DC, spør domstolen Ã¥ erklære sonny bono opphavsrett begrepet " @@ -19753,14 +20002,14 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"It is over a year later as I write these words. It is still astonishingly " -"hard. If you know anything at all about this story, you know that we lost " -"the appeal. And if you know something more than just the minimum, you " -"probably think there was no way this case could have been won. After our " -"defeat, I received literally thousands of missives by well-wishers and " -"supporters, thanking me for my work on behalf of this noble but doomed " -"cause. And none from this pile was more significant to me than the e-mail " -"from my client, Eric Eldred." +"<emphasis role='strong'>It is over</emphasis> a year later as I write these " +"words. It is still astonishingly hard. If you know anything at all about " +"this story, you know that we lost the appeal. And if you know something more " +"than just the minimum, you probably think there was no way this case could " +"have been won. After our defeat, I received literally thousands of missives " +"by well-wishers and supporters, thanking me for my work on behalf of this " +"noble but doomed cause. And none from this pile was more significant to me " +"than the e-mail from my client, Eric Eldred." msgstr "" "Det er over et Ã¥r senere som jeg skriver disse ordene. Det er fortsatt " "astonishingly vanskelig. Hvis du vet noe om denne historien, vet du at vi " @@ -19789,21 +20038,21 @@ msgstr "Steward, Geoffrey" #. PAGE BREAK 237 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" -"The mistake was made early, though it became obvious only at the very end. " -"Our case had been supported from the very beginning by an extraordinary " -"lawyer, Geoffrey Stewart, and by the law firm he had moved to, Jones, Day, " -"Reavis and Pogue. Jones Day took a great deal of heat from its copyright-" -"protectionist clients for supporting us. They ignored this pressure " -"(something that few law firms today would ever do), and throughout the case, " -"they gave it everything they could." +"<emphasis role='strong'>The mistake</emphasis> was made early, though it " +"became obvious only at the very end. Our case had been supported from the " +"very beginning by an extraordinary lawyer, Geoffrey Stewart, and by the law " +"firm he had moved to, Jones, Day, Reavis and Pogue. Jones Day took a great " +"deal of heat from its copyright-protectionist clients for supporting us. " +"They ignored this pressure (something that few law firms today would ever " +"do), and throughout the case, they gave it everything they could." msgstr "" -"Feil ble gjort tidlig, skjønt den ble først Ã¥penbart pÃ¥ slutten. VÃ¥r sak " -"hadde støtte hos en ekstraordinær advokat, Geoffrey Stewart, helt fra " -"starten, og hos advokatfirmaet hadde han flyttet til, Jones, Day, Reavis og " -"Pogue. Jones Day mottok mye press fra sine opphavsrettsbeskyttende klienter " -"pÃ¥ grunn av sin støtte til oss. De ignorert dette presset (noe veldig fÃ¥ " -"advokatfirmaer noen sinne ville gjøre), og ga alt de hadde gjennom hele " -"saken." +"<emphasis role='strong'>Feil</emphasis> ble gjort tidlig, skjønt den ble " +"først Ã¥penbart pÃ¥ slutten. VÃ¥r sak hadde støtte hos en ekstraordinær " +"advokat, Geoffrey Stewart, helt fra starten, og hos advokatfirmaet hadde han " +"flyttet til, Jones, Day, Reavis og Pogue. Jones Day mottok mye press fra " +"sine opphavsrettsbeskyttende klienter pÃ¥ grunn av sin støtte til oss. De " +"ignorert dette presset (noe veldig fÃ¥ advokatfirmaer noen sinne ville " +"gjøre), og ga alt de hadde gjennom hele saken." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> msgid "Ayer, Don" @@ -20233,9 +20482,7 @@ msgid "" "that there was no limit to the power of Congress to extend copyrights—" "extensions that would further concentrate the market; it would also mean " "that there was no limit to Congress's power to play favorites, through " -"copyright, with who has the right to speak. Between February and October, " -"there was little I did beyond preparing for this case. Early on, as I said, " -"I set the strategy." +"copyright, with who has the right to speak." msgstr "" "Vi hevdet sÃ¥ mye i en endelige kort. ikke bare vil opprettholde ctea bety at " "det var ingen grense for strøm av Kongressen for Ã¥ forlenge " @@ -20245,6 +20492,13 @@ msgstr "" "februar og oktober var det lite jeg gjorde utover forbereder for denne " "saken. tidlig som jeg sa, satt jeg strategien." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +msgid "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>Between February</emphasis> and October, there was " +"little I did beyond preparing for this case. Early on, as I said, I set the " +"strategy." +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> msgid "O'Connor, Sandra Day" msgstr "O'Connor, Sandra Day" @@ -20265,6 +20519,10 @@ msgstr "" msgid "Breyer, Stephen" msgstr "Breyer, Stephen" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> +msgid "Ginsburg, Ruth Bader" +msgstr "Ginsburg, Ruth Bader" + #. PAGE BREAK 242 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy @@ -20386,11 +20644,11 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"The argument on the government's side came down to this: Congress has done " -"it before. It should be allowed to do it again. The government claimed that " -"from the very beginning, Congress has been extending the term of existing " -"copyrights. So, the government argued, the Court should not now say that " -"practice is unconstitutional." +"<emphasis role='strong'>The argument</emphasis> on the government's side " +"came down to this: Congress has done it before. It should be allowed to do " +"it again. The government claimed that from the very beginning, Congress has " +"been extending the term of existing copyrights. So, the government argued, " +"the Court should not now say that practice is unconstitutional." msgstr "" "argumentet pÃ¥ regjeringens side kom ned til dette: Kongressen har gjort det " "før. det skal være tillatt Ã¥ gjøre det igjen. regjeringen hevdet at helt fra " @@ -20411,7 +20669,6 @@ msgstr "" "selvfølgelig, i 1962, Kongressen begynte utvide eksisterende " "regelmessig—betingelser elleve ganger i førti Ã¥r." -#. PAGE BREAK 244 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -20423,11 +20680,7 @@ msgid "" "now gone. Congress was now in a cycle of extensions; there was no reason to " "expect that cycle would end. This Court had not hesitated to intervene where " "Congress was in a similar cycle of extension. There was no reason it " -"couldn't intervene here. Oral argument was scheduled for the first week in " -"October. I arrived in D.C. two weeks before the argument. During those two " -"weeks, I was repeatedly <quote>mooted</quote> by lawyers who had volunteered " -"to help in the case. Such <quote>moots</quote> are basically practice " -"rounds, where wannabe justices fire questions at wannabe winners." +"couldn't intervene here." msgstr "" "men dette \"konsistens\" bør holdes i perspektiv. Kongressen utvidet " "eksisterende vilkÃ¥rene en gang i første hundre Ã¥r av Republikken. det " @@ -20444,6 +20697,16 @@ msgstr "" "slike \"moots\" er i utgangspunktet praksis runder, der wannabe " "justiariusene brann spørsmÃ¥l pÃ¥ wannabe vinnere." +#. PAGE BREAK 244 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +msgid "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>Oral argument</emphasis> was scheduled for the first " +"week in October. I arrived in D.C. two weeks before the argument. During " +"those two weeks, I was repeatedly <quote>mooted</quote> by lawyers who had " +"volunteered to help in the case. Such <quote>moots</quote> are basically " +"practice rounds, where wannabe justices fire questions at wannabe winners." +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -20490,7 +20753,6 @@ msgstr "" "passionately fÃ¥ dem til Ã¥ se skaden. for hvis de ser ikke som, sÃ¥ vi har " "ikke noen sjanse til Ã¥ vinne." -#. PAGE BREAK 245 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -20501,11 +20763,7 @@ msgid "" "right thing—not because of politics but because it is right. As I " "listened to Ayer's plea for passion in pressing politics, I understood his " "point, and I rejected it. Our argument was right. That was enough. Let the " -"politicians learn to see that it was also good. The night before the " -"argument, a line of people began to form in front of the Supreme Court. The " -"case had become a focus of the press and of the movement to free culture. " -"Hundreds stood in line for the chance to see the proceedings. Scores spent " -"the night on the Supreme Court steps so that they would be assured a seat." +"politicians learn to see that it was also good." msgstr "" "han kanskje har hevdet mange tilfeller før denne retten, jeg tenkte, men han " "forstod ikke sin sjel. Jeg hadde sett justiariusene gjøre rette—ikke " @@ -20520,6 +20778,16 @@ msgstr "" "proceedings. score tilbragte natten pÃ¥ Høyesterett trinnene slik at de ville " "være trygg pÃ¥ et sete." +#. PAGE BREAK 245 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +msgid "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>The night before</emphasis> the argument, a line of " +"people began to form in front of the Supreme Court. The case had become a " +"focus of the press and of the movement to free culture. Hundreds stood in " +"line for the chance to see the proceedings. Scores spent the night on the " +"Supreme Court steps so that they would be assured a seat." +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -20766,9 +21034,10 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"As I left the court that day, I knew there were a hundred points I wished I " -"could remake. There were a hundred questions I wished I had answered " -"differently. But one way of thinking about this case left me optimistic." +"<emphasis role='strong'>As I left</emphasis> the court that day, I knew " +"there were a hundred points I wished I could remake. There were a hundred " +"questions I wished I had answered differently. But one way of thinking about " +"this case left me optimistic." msgstr "" "som jeg venstre retten denne dagen, jeg visste det var en hundre punkter jeg " "ønsket at jeg kunne remake. var det en hundre spørsmÃ¥l jeg ønsket at jeg " @@ -20807,11 +21076,12 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"The morning of January 15, 2003, I was five minutes late to the office and " -"missed the 7:00 A.M. call from the Supreme Court clerk. Listening to the " -"message, I could tell in an instant that she had bad news to report.The " -"Supreme Court had affirmed the decision of the Court of Appeals. Seven " -"justices had voted in the majority. There were two dissents." +"<emphasis role='strong'>The morning</emphasis> of January 15, 2003, I was " +"five minutes late to the office and missed the 7:00 A.M. call from the " +"Supreme Court clerk. Listening to the message, I could tell in an instant " +"that she had bad news to report.The Supreme Court had affirmed the decision " +"of the Court of Appeals. Seven justices had voted in the majority. There " +"were two dissents." msgstr "" "15. januar 2003, morgenen jeg var fem minutter for sent til kontoret og " "ubesvarte anropet 7: 00 am fra Høyesterett kontorist. lytte til meldingen, " @@ -20988,9 +21258,9 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"Defeat brings depression. They say it is a sign of health when depression " -"gives way to anger. My anger came quickly, but it didn't cure the " -"depression. This anger was of two sorts." +"<emphasis role='strong'>Defeat brings depression</emphasis>. They say it is " +"a sign of health when depression gives way to anger. My anger came quickly, " +"but it didn't cure the depression. This anger was of two sorts." msgstr "" "tap bringer depresjon. de sier det er et tegn pÃ¥ helse nÃ¥r depresjon gir " "mÃ¥te Ã¥ sinne. min vrede kom raskt, men det gjorde ikke kurere depresjon. " @@ -21173,7 +21443,6 @@ msgstr "" "-domstolen ikke er klar,\"sagt peter jaszi, Dette problemet bør ikke heves " "før det er." -#. PAGE BREAK 253 #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -21183,15 +21452,37 @@ msgid "" "was right. Either I was not ready to argue this case in a way that would do " "some good or they were not ready to hear this case in a way that would do " "some good. Either way, the decision to bring this case—a decision I " -"had made four years before—was wrong. While the reaction to the Sonny " -"Bono Act itself was almost unanimously negative, the reaction to the Court's " -"decision was mixed. No one, at least in the press, tried to say that " -"extending the term of copyright was a good idea. We had won that battle over " -"ideas. Where the decision was praised, it was praised by papers that had " -"been skeptical of the Court's activism in other cases. Deference was a good " -"thing, even if it left standing a silly law. But where the decision was " -"attacked, it was attacked because it left standing a silly and harmful law. " -"<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle> wrote in its editorial," +"had made four years before—was wrong." +msgstr "" +"etter argumentet og etter vedtaket sa peter til meg, og offentlig, at han " +"var galt. men hvis faktisk at domstolen ikke kunne er blitt overtalt, " +"deretter som er alle bevis som trengs for Ã¥ vite at her igjen peter var " +"rett. Jeg var ikke klar til Ã¥ argumentere denne saken pÃ¥ en mÃ¥te som ville " +"gjøre noen gode eller de var ikke klar til Ã¥ høre dette tilfellet pÃ¥ en mÃ¥te " +"som ville gjøre noen gode. Uansett, beslutningen om Ã¥ bringe denne " +"saken—en beslutning om jeg hadde gjort fire Ã¥r før—var galt. " +"mens reaksjonen til sonny bono handle selv var nesten enstemmig negativ, var " +"reaksjonen til domstolens avgjørelse blandet. Ingen, minst i pressen, prøvde " +"Ã¥ si at utvidelse av copyright var en god idé. Vi hadde vant den kampen over " +"ideer. der beslutningen ble rost, ble det rost av papir som hadde vært " +"skeptisk til retten aktivisme i andre tilfeller. ærbødighet var bra, selv om " +"det igjen en dum lov. men der beslutningen ble angrepet, den ble angrepet " +"fordi det igjen en dum og skadelig lov. new york times skrev i sin " +"redaksjonell," + +#. PAGE BREAK 253 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#, mtrans, fuzzy +msgid "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>While the reaction</emphasis> to the Sonny Bono Act " +"itself was almost unanimously negative, the reaction to the Court's decision " +"was mixed. No one, at least in the press, tried to say that extending the " +"term of copyright was a good idea. We had won that battle over ideas. Where " +"the decision was praised, it was praised by papers that had been skeptical " +"of the Court's activism in other cases. Deference was a good thing, even if " +"it left standing a silly law. But where the decision was attacked, it was " +"attacked because it left standing a silly and harmful law. <citetitle>The " +"New York Times</citetitle> wrote in its editorial," msgstr "" "etter argumentet og etter vedtaket sa peter til meg, og offentlig, at han " "var galt. men hvis faktisk at domstolen ikke kunne er blitt overtalt, " @@ -21283,13 +21574,14 @@ msgstr "Kapittel fjorten: Eldred II" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"The day <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was decided, fate would have it that I " -"was to travel to Washington, D.C. (The day the rehearing petition in " -"<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was denied—meaning the case was really " -"finally over—fate would have it that I was giving a speech to " -"technologists at Disney World.) This was a particularly long flight to my " -"least favorite city. The drive into the city from Dulles was delayed because " -"of traffic, so I opened up my computer and wrote an op-ed piece." +"<emphasis role='strong'>The day</emphasis> <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was " +"decided, fate would have it that I was to travel to Washington, D.C. (The " +"day the rehearing petition in <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was denied—" +"meaning the case was really finally over—fate would have it that I was " +"giving a speech to technologists at Disney World.) This was a particularly " +"long flight to my least favorite city. The drive into the city from Dulles " +"was delayed because of traffic, so I opened up my computer and wrote an op-" +"ed piece." msgstr "" "dag-eldred ble besluttet, men skjebnen ville at som jeg var Ã¥ reise til " "washington, DC (dagen rehearing protestskriv i eldred ble nektet—noe " @@ -21422,27 +21714,30 @@ msgstr "" msgid "Berne Convention (1908)" msgstr "Bern-konvensjonen (1908)" -#. f1. +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary> +msgid "German copyright law" +msgstr "Tysk opphavsrettslov" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"Until the 1908 Berlin Act of the Berne Convention, national copyright " -"legislation sometimes made protection depend upon compliance with " -"formalities such as registration, deposit, and affixation of notice of the " -"author's claim of copyright. However, starting with the 1908 act, every text " -"of the Convention has provided that <quote>the enjoyment and the exercise</" -"quote> of rights guaranteed by the Convention <quote>shall not be subject to " -"any formality.</quote> The prohibition against formalities is presently " -"embodied in Article 5(2) of the Paris Text of the Berne Convention. Many " -"countries continue to impose some form of deposit or registration " -"requirement, albeit not as a condition of copyright. French law, for " -"example, requires the deposit of copies of works in national repositories, " -"principally the National Museum. Copies of books published in the United " -"Kingdom must be deposited in the British Library. The German Copyright Act " -"provides for a Registrar of Authors where the author's true name can be " -"filed in the case of anonymous or pseudonymous works. Paul Goldstein, " -"<citetitle>International Intellectual Property Law, Cases and Materials</" -"citetitle> (New York: Foundation Press, 2001), 153–54." +"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Until the 1908 Berlin Act of the " +"Berne Convention, national copyright legislation sometimes made protection " +"depend upon compliance with formalities such as registration, deposit, and " +"affixation of notice of the author's claim of copyright. However, starting " +"with the 1908 act, every text of the Convention has provided that <quote>the " +"enjoyment and the exercise</quote> of rights guaranteed by the Convention " +"<quote>shall not be subject to any formality.</quote> The prohibition " +"against formalities is presently embodied in Article 5(2) of the Paris Text " +"of the Berne Convention. Many countries continue to impose some form of " +"deposit or registration requirement, albeit not as a condition of copyright. " +"French law, for example, requires the deposit of copies of works in national " +"repositories, principally the National Museum. Copies of books published in " +"the United Kingdom must be deposited in the British Library. The German " +"Copyright Act provides for a Registrar of Authors where the author's true " +"name can be filed in the case of anonymous or pseudonymous works. Paul " +"Goldstein, <citetitle>International Intellectual Property Law, Cases and " +"Materials</citetitle> (New York: Foundation Press, 2001), 153–54." msgstr "" "før det 1908 berlin handle av berne konvensjonen, nasjonal opphavsrett " "lovgivning noen ganger gjort beskyttelse som er avhengige av samsvar med " @@ -21745,15 +22040,17 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> msgid "" -"When Steve Forbes endorsed the idea, some in Washington began to pay " -"attention. Many people contacted me pointing to representatives who might be " -"willing to introduce the Eldred Act. And I had a few who directly suggested " -"that they might be willing to take the first step." +"<emphasis role='strong'>When Steve Forbes</emphasis> endorsed the idea, some " +"in Washington began to pay attention. Many people contacted me pointing to " +"representatives who might be willing to introduce the Eldred Act. And I had " +"a few who directly suggested that they might be willing to take the first " +"step." msgstr "" -"Da Steve Forbes støttet idéen, begynte enkelte i Washington Ã¥ følge med. " -"Mange kontaktet meg med tips til representanter som kan være villig til Ã¥ " -"introdusere en Eldred-lov. og jeg hadde noen fÃ¥ som foreslo direkte at de " -"kan være villige til Ã¥ ta det første skrittet." +"<emphasis role='strong'>Da Steve Forbes</emphasis> støttet idéen, begynte " +"enkelte i Washington Ã¥ følge med. Mange kontaktet meg med tips til " +"representanter som kan være villig til Ã¥ introdusere en Eldred-lov. og jeg " +"hadde noen fÃ¥ som foreslo direkte at de kan være villige til Ã¥ ta det første " +"skrittet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary> msgid "Lofgren, Zoe" @@ -21853,13 +22150,14 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"At the beginning of this book, I told two stories about the law reacting to " -"changes in technology. In the one, common sense prevailed. In the other, " -"common sense was delayed. The difference between the two stories was the " -"power of the opposition—the power of the side that fought to defend " -"the status quo. In both cases, a new technology threatened old interests. " -"But in only one case did those interest's have the power to protect " -"themselves against this new competitive threat." +"<emphasis role='strong'>At the beginning</emphasis> of this book, I told two " +"stories about the law reacting to changes in technology. In the one, common " +"sense prevailed. In the other, common sense was delayed. The difference " +"between the two stories was the power of the opposition—the power of " +"the side that fought to defend the status quo. In both cases, a new " +"technology threatened old interests. But in only one case did those " +"interest's have the power to protect themselves against this new competitive " +"threat." msgstr "" "i begynnelsen av denne boken fortalte jeg to historier om loven reagerer pÃ¥ " "endringer i teknologi. i den prevailed sunn fornuft. i den andre, ble sunn " @@ -21905,7 +22203,7 @@ msgstr "" "hollywood: de fleste folk ikke gjenkjenner Ã¥rsakene til Ã¥ begrense " "opphavsrett vilkÃ¥r; Det er derfor fremdeles mulig Ã¥ se god tro i motstanden." -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary> +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary> msgid "Kelly, Kevin" msgstr "Kelly, Kevin" @@ -21919,7 +22217,7 @@ msgid "" "to exercise continued control over his content. It would simply liberate " "what Kevin Kelly calls the <quote>Dark Content</quote> that fills archives " "around the world. So when the warriors oppose a change like this, we should " -"ask one simple question: <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" +"ask one simple question:" msgstr "" "men nÃ¥r opphavsrett eierne motsette et forslag som eldred act, sÃ¥, til " "slutt, er det et eksempel at legger bare naken selfinterest kjører denne " @@ -22037,16 +22335,17 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" -"There are more than 35 million people with the AIDS virus worldwide. Twenty-" -"five million of them live in sub-Saharan Africa. Seventeen million have " -"already died. Seventeen million Africans is proportional percentage-wise to " -"seven million Americans. More importantly, it is seventeen million Africans." +"<emphasis role='strong'>There are more</emphasis> than 35 million people " +"with the AIDS virus worldwide. Twenty-five million of them live in sub-" +"Saharan Africa. Seventeen million have already died. Seventeen million " +"Africans is proportional percentage-wise to seven million Americans. More " +"importantly, it is seventeen million Africans." msgstr "" -"Det er mer enn trettifem millioner mennesker over hele verden med AIDS-" -"viruset. Tjuefem millioner av dem bor i Afrika sør for Sahara. Sytten " -"millioner har allerede dødd. Sytten millioner afrikanere er prosentvis " -"proporsjonalt med syv millioner amerikanere. Viktigere er det at dette er " -"17 millioner afrikanere." +"<emphasis role='strong'>Det er mer</emphasis> enn trettifem millioner " +"mennesker over hele verden med AIDS-viruset. Tjuefem millioner av dem bor i " +"Afrika sør for Sahara. Sytten millioner har allerede dødd. Sytten " +"millioner afrikanere er prosentvis proporsjonalt med syv millioner " +"amerikanere. Viktigere er det at dette er 17 millioner afrikanere." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -22472,25 +22771,27 @@ msgstr "" #. PAGE BREAK 269 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" -"A simple idea blinds us, and under the cover of darkness, much happens that " -"most of us would reject if any of us looked. So uncritically do we accept " -"the idea of property in ideas that we don't even notice how monstrous it is " -"to deny ideas to a people who are dying without them. So uncritically do we " -"accept the idea of property in culture that we don't even question when the " -"control of that property removes our ability, as a people, to develop our " -"culture democratically. Blindness becomes our common sense. And the " -"challenge for anyone who would reclaim the right to cultivate our culture is " -"to find a way to make this common sense open its eyes." -msgstr "" -"En enkel idé blender oss, og under dekke av mørket skjer mye som de fleste " -"av oss ville avvist hvis vi hadde fulgt med. SÃ¥ ukritisk aksepterer vi " -"idéen om eierskap til idéer at vi ikke engang legger merke til hvor uhyrlig " -"det er Ã¥ nekte tilgang til idéer for et folk som dør uten dem. SÃ¥ ukritisk " -"aksepterer vi idéen om eiendom til kulturen at vi ikke engang stiller " -"spørsmÃ¥l ved nÃ¥r kontrollen over denne eiendommen fjerner vÃ¥r evne, som " -"folk, til Ã¥ utvikle vÃ¥r kultur demokratisk. Blindhet blir vÃ¥r sunne " -"fornuft, og utfordringen for enhver som vil gjenvinne retten til Ã¥ dyrke vÃ¥r " -"kultur er Ã¥ finne en mÃ¥te Ã¥ fÃ¥ denne sunne fornuften til Ã¥ Ã¥pne sine øyne." +"<emphasis role='strong'>A simple idea</emphasis> blinds us, and under the " +"cover of darkness, much happens that most of us would reject if any of us " +"looked. So uncritically do we accept the idea of property in ideas that we " +"don't even notice how monstrous it is to deny ideas to a people who are " +"dying without them. So uncritically do we accept the idea of property in " +"culture that we don't even question when the control of that property " +"removes our ability, as a people, to develop our culture democratically. " +"Blindness becomes our common sense. And the challenge for anyone who would " +"reclaim the right to cultivate our culture is to find a way to make this " +"common sense open its eyes." +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>En enkel idé</emphasis> blender oss, og under dekke " +"av mørket skjer mye som de fleste av oss ville avvist hvis vi hadde fulgt " +"med. SÃ¥ ukritisk aksepterer vi idéen om eierskap til idéer at vi ikke " +"engang legger merke til hvor uhyrlig det er Ã¥ nekte tilgang til idéer for et " +"folk som dør uten dem. SÃ¥ ukritisk aksepterer vi idéen om eiendom til " +"kulturen at vi ikke engang stiller spørsmÃ¥l ved nÃ¥r kontrollen over denne " +"eiendommen fjerner vÃ¥r evne, som folk, til Ã¥ utvikle vÃ¥r kultur " +"demokratisk. Blindhet blir vÃ¥r sunne fornuft, og utfordringen for enhver " +"som vil gjenvinne retten til Ã¥ dyrke vÃ¥r kultur er Ã¥ finne en mÃ¥te Ã¥ fÃ¥ " +"denne sunne fornuften til Ã¥ Ã¥pne sine øyne." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -22567,42 +22868,43 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" -"In August 2003, a fight broke out in the United States about a decision by " -"the World Intellectual Property Organization to cancel a meeting." -"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> At the request of a wide range of " -"interests, WIPO had decided to hold a meeting to discuss <quote>open and " -"collaborative projects to create public goods.</quote> These are projects " -"that have been successful in producing public goods without relying " -"exclusively upon a proprietary use of intellectual property. Examples " -"include the Internet and the World Wide Web, both of which were developed on " -"the basis of protocols in the public domain. It included an emerging trend " -"to support open academic journals, including the Public Library of Science " -"project that I describe in the Afterword. It included a project to develop " -"single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are thought to have great " -"significance in biomedical research. (That nonprofit project comprised a " -"consortium of the Wellcome Trust and pharmaceutical and technological " -"companies, including Amersham Biosciences, AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, " -"Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, " -"Novartis, Pfizer, and Searle.) It included the Global Positioning System, " -"which Ronald Reagan set free in the early 1980s. And it included <quote>open " -"source and free software.</quote> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> " -"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" " -"id=\"3\"/>" +"<emphasis role='strong'>In August 2003</emphasis>, a fight broke out in the " +"United States about a decision by the World Intellectual Property " +"Organization to cancel a meeting.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"At the request of a wide range of interests, WIPO had decided to hold a " +"meeting to discuss <quote>open and collaborative projects to create public " +"goods.</quote> These are projects that have been successful in producing " +"public goods without relying exclusively upon a proprietary use of " +"intellectual property. Examples include the Internet and the World Wide Web, " +"both of which were developed on the basis of protocols in the public domain. " +"It included an emerging trend to support open academic journals, including " +"the Public Library of Science project that I describe in the Afterword. It " +"included a project to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which " +"are thought to have great significance in biomedical research. (That " +"nonprofit project comprised a consortium of the Wellcome Trust and " +"pharmaceutical and technological companies, including Amersham Biosciences, " +"AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-" +"SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, and Searle.) It included the " +"Global Positioning System, which Ronald Reagan set free in the early 1980s. " +"And it included <quote>open source and free software.</quote> <placeholder " +"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> " +"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>" msgstr "" -"I august 2003 brøt en kamp ut i USA om en avgjørelse fra World Intellectual " -"Property Organiation om Ã¥ avlyse et møte.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" -"\"0\"/> PÃ¥ forespørsel fra en lang rekke med interressenter hadde WIPO " -"bestemt Ã¥ avholde et møte for Ã¥ diskutere <quote>Ã¥pne og samarbeidende " -"prosjekter for Ã¥ skape goder for felleskapet</quote>. Disse prosjektene som " -"hadde lyktes i Ã¥ produsere goder for fellesskapet uten Ã¥ basere seg " -"eksklusivt pÃ¥ bruken av proprietære immaterielle rettigheter. Eksempler " -"inkluderer internettet og verdensveven, begge som ble utviklet pÃ¥ grunnlag " -"av protokoller i allemannseie. Det hadde med en begynnende trend for Ã¥ " -"støtte Ã¥pne akademiske tidsskrifter, og inkluderte Public Library of Science-" -"prosjektet som jeg beskriver i etterordet. Det inkluderte et prosjekt for a " -"utvikle enkeltnukleotidforskjeller (SNPs), som er antatt Ã¥ fÃ¥ stor betydning " -"i biomedisinsk forskning. (Dette ideelle prosjektet besto av et konsortium " -"av Wellcome Trust og farmasøytiske og teknologiske selskaper, inkludert " +"<emphasis role='strong'>I august 2003</emphasis> brøt en kamp ut i USA om en " +"avgjørelse fra World Intellectual Property Organiation om Ã¥ avlyse et møte." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> PÃ¥ forespørsel fra en lang rekke " +"med interressenter hadde WIPO bestemt Ã¥ avholde et møte for Ã¥ diskutere " +"<quote>Ã¥pne og samarbeidende prosjekter for Ã¥ skape goder for felleskapet</" +"quote>. Disse prosjektene som hadde lyktes i Ã¥ produsere goder for " +"fellesskapet uten Ã¥ basere seg eksklusivt pÃ¥ bruken av proprietære " +"immaterielle rettigheter. Eksempler inkluderer internettet og verdensveven, " +"begge som ble utviklet pÃ¥ grunnlag av protokoller i allemannseie. Det hadde " +"med en begynnende trend for Ã¥ støtte Ã¥pne akademiske tidsskrifter, og " +"inkluderte Public Library of Science-prosjektet som jeg beskriver i " +"etterordet. Det inkluderte et prosjekt for a utvikle " +"enkeltnukleotidforskjeller (SNPs), som er antatt Ã¥ fÃ¥ stor betydning i " +"biomedisinsk forskning. (Dette ideelle prosjektet besto av et konsortium av " +"Wellcome Trust og farmasøytiske og teknologiske selskaper, inkludert " "Amersham Biosciences, AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, " "Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, og " "Searle.) Det inkluderte Globalt posisjonssystem (GPS) som Ronald Reagen " @@ -22874,6 +23176,10 @@ msgstr "" "lobbyvirksomhet, og ikke veldig overraskende at den mektigste " "programvareprodusenten i USA har lyktes med sin lobbyvirksomhet." +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary> +msgid "Boland, Lois" +msgstr "Boland, Lois" + #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" "What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing " @@ -22917,6 +23223,10 @@ msgstr "" "tilgivelig hos en førsteÃ¥rs jusstudent, men pinlig fra en høyt plassert " "statstjenestemann som hÃ¥ndterer utfordringer rundt immaterielle rettigheter." +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary> +msgid "generic drugs" +msgstr "generiske medisiner" + #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" "Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to <quote>promote</" @@ -22954,8 +23264,7 @@ msgid "" "away more than $20 billion to do good in the world, that is not inconsistent " "with the objectives of the property system. That is, on the contrary, just " "what a property system is supposed to be about: giving individuals the right " -"to decide what to do with <emphasis>their</emphasis> property. <placeholder " -"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" +"to decide what to do with <emphasis>their</emphasis> property." msgstr "" "For det tredje, selv om en tror at formÃ¥let med WIPO var Ã¥ maksimere " "immaterielle rettigheter, sÃ¥ innehas immaterielle rettigheter, i vÃ¥r " @@ -22966,8 +23275,7 @@ msgstr "" "Bill Gates gir bort mer enn $20 milliarder til gode formÃ¥l, sÃ¥ er ikke det " "uforenelig med mÃ¥lene til eiendomssystemet. Det er heller tvert i mot, " "akkurat hva eiendomssysstemet er ment Ã¥ oppnÃ¥, at individer har retten til Ã¥ " -"bestemme hva de vil gjøre med <emphasis>sin</emphasis> eiendom. " -"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" +"bestemme hva de vil gjøre med <emphasis>sin</emphasis> eiendom." #. PAGE BREAK 274 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> @@ -23155,27 +23463,31 @@ msgstr "" msgid "Turner, Ted" msgstr "Turner, Ted" +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +msgid "If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon." +msgstr "Hvis dette er galskap, sÃ¥ la det være mer gærninger. Snart." + #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" -"If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon. There are moments " -"of hope in this struggle. And moments that surprise. When the FCC was " -"considering relaxing ownership rules, which would thereby further increase " -"the concentration in media ownership, an extraordinary bipartisan coalition " -"formed to fight this change. For perhaps the first time in history, " -"interests as diverse as the NRA, the ACLU, Moveon.org, William Safire, Ted " -"Turner, and CodePink Women for Peace organized to oppose this change in FCC " -"policy. An astonishing 700,000 letters were sent to the FCC, demanding more " -"hearings and a different result." -msgstr "" -"Hvis dette er galskap, sÃ¥ la det være mer gærninger. Snart. Det finnes " -"øyeblikk av hÃ¥p i denne kampen. Og øyeblikk som overrasker. Da FCC vurderte " -"mindre strenge eierskapsregler, som ville ytterligere konsentrere " -"medieeierskap, dannet det seg en en ekstraordinær koalisjon pÃ¥ tvers av " -"partiene for Ã¥ bekjempe endringen. For kanskje første gang i historien " -"organiserte interesser sÃ¥ forskjellige som NRA, ACLU, moveon.org, William " -"Safire, Ted Turner og Codepink Women for Piece seg for Ã¥ protestere pÃ¥ denne " -"endringen i FCC-reglene. SÃ¥ mange som 700 000 brev ble sendt til FCC med " -"krav om flere høringer og et annet resultat." +"<emphasis role='strong'>There are moments</emphasis> of hope in this " +"struggle. And moments that surprise. When the FCC was considering relaxing " +"ownership rules, which would thereby further increase the concentration in " +"media ownership, an extraordinary bipartisan coalition formed to fight this " +"change. For perhaps the first time in history, interests as diverse as the " +"NRA, the ACLU, Moveon.org, William Safire, Ted Turner, and CodePink Women " +"for Peace organized to oppose this change in FCC policy. An astonishing " +"700,000 letters were sent to the FCC, demanding more hearings and a " +"different result." +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>Det finnes øyeblikk</emphasis> av hÃ¥p i denne " +"kampen. Og øyeblikk som overrasker. Da FCC vurderte mindre strenge " +"eierskapsregler, som ville ytterligere konsentrere medieeierskap, dannet det " +"seg en en ekstraordinær koalisjon pÃ¥ tvers av partiene for Ã¥ bekjempe " +"endringen. For kanskje første gang i historien organiserte interesser sÃ¥ " +"forskjellige som NRA, ACLU, moveon.org, William Safire, Ted Turner og " +"Codepink Women for Piece seg for Ã¥ protestere pÃ¥ denne endringen i FCC-" +"reglene. SÃ¥ mange som 700 000 brev ble sendt til FCC med krav om flere " +"høringer og et annet resultat." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -23321,36 +23633,38 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" -"As I write these final words, the news is filled with stories about the RIAA " -"lawsuits against almost three hundred individuals.<placeholder type=" -"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Eminem has just been sued for <quote>sampling</" -"quote> someone else's music.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The " -"story about Bob Dylan <quote>stealing</quote> from a Japanese author has " -"just finished making the rounds.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> An " -"insider from Hollywood—who insists he must remain anonymous—" -"reports <quote>an amazing conversation with these studio guys. They've got " -"extraordinary [old] content that they'd love to use but can't because they " -"can't begin to clear the rights. They've got scores of kids who could do " -"amazing things with the content, but it would take scores of lawyers to " -"clean it first.</quote> Congressmen are talking about deputizing computer " -"viruses to bring down computers thought to violate the law. Universities are " -"threatening expulsion for kids who use a computer to share content." -msgstr "" -"Mens jeg skriver disse avsluttende ordene, er nyhetene fylt med historier om " -"at RIAA saksøker nesten tre hundre individer.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Eminem har nettopp blitt saksøkt for Ã¥ ha <quote>samplet</quote> " -"noen andres musikk.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Historien om " -"hvordan Bob Dylan har <quote>stjÃ¥let</quote> fra en japansk forfatter har " -"nettopp gÃ¥tt verden over.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> En pÃ¥ " -"innsiden i Hollywood—som insisterer pÃ¥ at han mÃ¥ forbli anonym—" -"rapporterer <quote>en utrolig samtale med disse studiofolkene. De har " -"fantastisk [gammelt] innhold som de ville elske Ã¥ bruke, men det kan de ikke " -"pÃ¥ grunn av at de først mÃ¥ klarere rettighetene. De har hauger med " -"ungdommer som kunne gjøre fantastiske ting med innholdet, men det vil først " -"kreve hauger med advokater for Ã¥ klarere det først</quote>. " -"Kongressrepresentanter snakker om Ã¥ gi datavirus politimyndighet for Ã¥ ta " -"ned datamaskiner som antas Ã¥ bryte loven. Universiteter truer med Ã¥ utvise " -"ungdommer som bruker en datamaskin for Ã¥ dele innhold." +"<emphasis role='strong'>As I write</emphasis> these final words, the news is " +"filled with stories about the RIAA lawsuits against almost three hundred " +"individuals.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Eminem has just been " +"sued for <quote>sampling</quote> someone else's music.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The story about Bob Dylan <quote>stealing</quote> " +"from a Japanese author has just finished making the rounds.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> An insider from Hollywood—who insists he must " +"remain anonymous—reports <quote>an amazing conversation with these " +"studio guys. They've got extraordinary [old] content that they'd love to use " +"but can't because they can't begin to clear the rights. They've got scores " +"of kids who could do amazing things with the content, but it would take " +"scores of lawyers to clean it first.</quote> Congressmen are talking about " +"deputizing computer viruses to bring down computers thought to violate the " +"law. Universities are threatening expulsion for kids who use a computer to " +"share content." +msgstr "" +"<emphasis role='strong'>Mens jeg skriver</emphasis> disse avsluttende " +"ordene, er nyhetene fylt med historier om at RIAA saksøker nesten tre hundre " +"individer.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Eminem har nettopp " +"blitt saksøkt for Ã¥ ha <quote>samplet</quote> noen andres musikk." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Historien om hvordan Bob Dylan " +"har <quote>stjÃ¥let</quote> fra en japansk forfatter har nettopp gÃ¥tt verden " +"over.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> En pÃ¥ innsiden i " +"Hollywood—som insisterer pÃ¥ at han mÃ¥ forbli anonym—rapporterer " +"<quote>en utrolig samtale med disse studiofolkene. De har fantastisk " +"[gammelt] innhold som de ville elske Ã¥ bruke, men det kan de ikke pÃ¥ grunn " +"av at de først mÃ¥ klarere rettighetene. De har hauger med ungdommer som " +"kunne gjøre fantastiske ting med innholdet, men det vil først kreve hauger " +"med advokater for Ã¥ klarere det først</quote>. Kongressrepresentanter " +"snakker om Ã¥ gi datavirus politimyndighet for Ã¥ ta ned datamaskiner som " +"antas Ã¥ bryte loven. Universiteter truer med Ã¥ utvise ungdommer som bruker " +"en datamaskin for Ã¥ dele innhold." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> msgid "Creative Commons" @@ -23437,13 +23751,13 @@ msgstr "Etterord" #. PAGE BREAK 280 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" -"At least some who have read this far will agree with me that something must " -"be done to change where we are heading. The balance of this book maps what " -"might be done." +"<emphasis role='strong'>At least some</emphasis> who have read this far will " +"agree with me that something must be done to change where we are heading. " +"The balance of this book maps what might be done." msgstr "" -"I hvert fall noen av de som har lest helt hit vil være enig med meg om at " -"noe mÃ¥ gjøres for Ã¥ endre retningen vi holder. Balansen i denne boken " -"kartlegger hva som kan gjøres." +"<emphasis role='strong'>I hvert fall</emphasis> noen av de som har lest helt " +"hit vil være enig med meg om at noe mÃ¥ gjøres for Ã¥ endre retningen vi " +"holder. Balansen i denne boken kartlegger hva som kan gjøres." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> msgid "" @@ -23491,10 +23805,11 @@ msgstr "Oss, nÃ¥" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> msgid "" -"Common sense is with the copyright warriors because the debate so far has " -"been framed at the extremes—as a grand either/or: either property or " -"anarchy, either total control or artists won't be paid. If that really is " -"the choice, then the warriors should win." +"<emphasis role='strong'>Common sense</emphasis> is with the copyright " +"warriors because the debate so far has been framed at the extremes—as " +"a grand either/or: either property or anarchy, either total control or " +"artists won't be paid. If that really is the choice, then the warriors " +"should win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> @@ -24224,14 +24539,15 @@ msgstr "" "første utskrift er oppbrukt mÃ¥neder før utgiveren hadde forventet. denne " "første romanen av en science fiction-forfatteren var en total suksess." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary> +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> msgid "Free for All (Wayner)" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary> +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> msgid "Wayner, Peter" msgstr "Wayner, Peter" +#. PAGE BREAK 290 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -24241,9 +24557,7 @@ msgid "" "citetitle>, made an electronic version of his book free on-line under a " "Creative Commons license after the book went out of print. He then monitored " "used book store prices for the book. As predicted, as the number of " -"downloads increased, the used book price for his book increased, as well. " -"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" " -"id=\"1\"/>" +"downloads increased, the used book price for his book increased, as well." msgstr "" "idéen at gratis innhold kan øke verdien av nonfree innhold ble bekreftet av " "opplevelsen av en annen forfatter. Peter wayner, som skrev en bok om fri " @@ -24261,6 +24575,10 @@ msgstr "Public Enemy" msgid "rap music" msgstr "" +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> +msgid "Leaphart, Walter" +msgstr "Leaphart, Walter" + #. f2. #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para> msgid "" @@ -24270,10 +24588,6 @@ msgid "" "culture.cc/notes/\">link #72</ulink>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary> -msgid "Leaphart, Walter" -msgstr "Leaphart, Walter" - #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> msgid "" "These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary " @@ -24290,7 +24604,7 @@ msgid "" "quote> Public Enemy to sample anymore, because the legal costs are so " "high<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>), these artists release into " "the creative environment content that others can build upon, so that their " -"form of creativity might grow. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>" +"form of creativity might grow." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para> @@ -24373,11 +24687,11 @@ msgstr "Dem, snart" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #, mtrans, fuzzy msgid "" -"We will not reclaim a free culture by individual action alone. It will also " -"take important reforms of laws. We have a long way to go before the " -"politicians will listen to these ideas and implement these reforms. But " -"that also means that we have time to build awareness around the changes that " -"we need." +"<emphasis role='strong'>We will</emphasis> not reclaim a free culture by " +"individual action alone. It will also take important reforms of laws. We " +"have a long way to go before the politicians will listen to these ideas and " +"implement these reforms. But that also means that we have time to build " +"awareness around the changes that we need." msgstr "" "Vi vil ikke gjenvinne en fri kultur av handling alene. det vil ogsÃ¥ ta " "viktige reformer av lover. Vi har en lang vei Ã¥ gÃ¥ før politikerne vil lytte " @@ -25595,7 +25909,7 @@ msgstr "" msgid "Fisher, William" msgstr "Fisher, William" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary> +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary> msgid "Promises to Keep (Fisher)" msgstr "" @@ -25700,7 +26014,7 @@ msgid "" "years. If it continues to make sense to facilitate free exchange of content, " "supported through a taxation system, then it can be continued. If this form " "of protection is no longer necessary, then the system could lapse into the " -"old system of controlling access. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>" +"old system of controlling access." msgstr "" "fisher's forslag er grundige og omfattende. det reiser en million " "spørsmÃ¥lene, mest av som han svarer godt i hans kommende bok, lover Ã¥ holde. "