From c18be36fca3e51a357c4d5a1ba9d5aed0ec4eadf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Petter Reinholdtsen Date: Sun, 24 Jan 2021 19:16:51 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Updated POT. --- po/how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.pot | 854 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 419 insertions(+), 435 deletions(-) diff --git a/po/how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.pot b/po/how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.pot index 25355b4..bbada87 100644 --- a/po/how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.pot +++ b/po/how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.pot @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: How to Destroy Surveillance Capitalism n/a\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-01-09 23:13+0100\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-01-24 19:15+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" @@ -63,36 +63,28 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:39 -msgid "ISBN 978-82-93828-XX-X (hard cover)" +msgid "." msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:42 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:43 msgid "ISBN 978-82-93828-XX-X (paperback)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:45 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:46 msgid "ISBN 978-82-93828-XX-X (ePub)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:49 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:50 msgid "" "This book is available for purchase from ." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of:
-#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:54 -msgid "" -"If you find typos, error or have other corrections to the translated text, " -"please update on ." -msgstr "" - #. type: Content of:
-#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:61 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:62 msgid "" " " @@ -101,12 +93,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:68 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:69 msgid "Creative Commons, Some rights reserved" msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
-#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:60 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:61 msgid "" msgstr "" @@ -119,21 +111,13 @@ msgid "" "." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of:
-#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:84 -msgid "" -"The Science Fiction author, journalist and technology activist Cory Doctorow " -"have a look at what really is behind \"Surveillance Capitalism\" and what " -"should be done to stop it." -msgstr "" - #. type: Content of:
-#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:92 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:84 msgid "The net of a thousand lies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:94 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:86 msgid "" "The most surprising thing about the rebirth of flat Earthers in the 21st " "century is just how widespread the evidence against them is. You can " @@ -143,7 +127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:102 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:94 msgid "" "But today, when elementary schools routinely dangle GoPro cameras from " "balloons and loft them high enough to photograph the Earth’s curve — to say " @@ -153,7 +137,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:109 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:101 msgid "" "Likewise for white nationalism and eugenics: In an age where you can become " "a computational genomics datapoint by swabbing your cheek and mailing it to " @@ -162,7 +146,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:115 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:107 msgid "" "We are living through a golden age of both readily available facts and " "denial of those facts. Terrible ideas that have lingered on the fringes for " @@ -170,7 +154,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:121 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:113 msgid "" "When an obscure idea gains currency, there are only two things that can " "explain its ascendance: Either the person expressing that idea has gotten a " @@ -185,7 +169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:134 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:126 msgid "" "The arguments for ridiculous beliefs in odious conspiracies like " "anti-vaccination, climate denial, a flat Earth, and eugenics are no better " @@ -195,7 +179,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:141 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:133 msgid "" "Anti-vax has been around since the first vaccines, but the early " "anti-vaxxers were pitching people who were less equipped to understand even " @@ -206,14 +190,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:150 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:142 msgid "" "So can these far-fetched conspiracy theorists really be succeeding on the " "basis of superior arguments?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:154 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:146 msgid "" "Some people think so. Today, there is a widespread belief that machine " "learning and commercial surveillance can turn even the most fumble-tongued " @@ -231,7 +215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:170 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:162 msgid "" "After all, in a world where sprawling and incoherent conspiracy theories " "like Pizzagate and its successor, QAnon, have widespread followings, " @@ -239,7 +223,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:175 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:167 msgid "" "But what if there’s another explanation? What if it’s the material " "circumstances, and not the arguments, that are making the difference for " @@ -252,7 +236,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:185 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:177 msgid "" "If it’s trauma and not contagion — material conditions and not ideology — " "that is making the difference today and enabling a rise of repulsive " @@ -263,7 +247,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:193 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:185 msgid "" "Belief in conspiracy is a raging fire that has done real damage and poses " "real danger to our planet and species, from epidemics <ulink " @@ -277,7 +261,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:205 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:197 msgid "" "But firefighting is reactive. We need fire " "<emphasis>prevention</emphasis>. We need to strike at the traumatic material " @@ -286,7 +270,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:211 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:203 msgid "" "There’s no shortage of proposals to address this. From the EU’s <ulink " "url=\"https://edri.org/tag/terreg/\">Terrorist Content Regulation</ulink>, " @@ -300,7 +284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:222 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:214 msgid "" "There’s a critical piece missing from the debate, though. All these " "solutions assume that tech companies are a fixture, that their dominance " @@ -312,7 +296,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:232 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:224 msgid "" "Figuring out what we want our tech to look like is crucial if we’re going to " "get out of this mess. Today, we’re at a crossroads where we’re trying to " @@ -322,19 +306,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:240 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:232 msgid "" "I want us to choose wisely. Taming Big Tech is integral to fixing the " "Internet, and for that, we need digital rights activism." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:244 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:236 msgid "Digital rights activism, a quarter-century on" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:246 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:238 msgid "" "Digital rights activism is more than 30 years old now. The Electronic " "Frontier Foundation turned 30 this year; the Free Software Foundation " @@ -357,7 +341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:267 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:259 msgid "" "The latest version of this critique comes in the form of <quote>surveillance " "capitalism,</quote> a term coined by business professor Shoshana Zuboff in " @@ -381,7 +365,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:288 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:280 msgid "" "What’s more, I think that her incorrect diagnosis will lead us down a path " "that ends up making Big Tech stronger, not weaker. We need to take down Big " @@ -389,12 +373,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:294 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:286 msgid "Tech exceptionalism, then and now" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:296 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:288 msgid "" "Early critics of the digital rights movement — perhaps best represented by " "campaigning organizations like the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the Free " @@ -411,7 +395,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:311 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:303 msgid "" "In the decades since, accusations of <quote>tech exceptionalism</quote> have " "only sharpened as tech’s role in everyday life has expanded: Now that tech " @@ -422,7 +406,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:319 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:311 msgid "" "From my perspective, the digital rights movement has remained stationary " "while the rest of the world has moved. From the earliest days, the " @@ -435,7 +419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:330 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:322 msgid "" "The <quote>surveillance capitalism</quote> critique recasts the digital " "rights movement in a new light again: not as alarmists who overestimate the " @@ -446,17 +430,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:338 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:330 msgid "But tech exceptionalism is a sin no matter who practices it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:341 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:333 msgid "Don’t believe the hype" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:343 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:335 msgid "" "You’ve probably heard that <quote>if you’re not paying for the product, " "you’re the product.</quote> As we’ll see below, that’s true, if incomplete. " @@ -468,7 +452,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:353 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:345 msgid "" "The fear of surveillance capitalism starts from the (correct) presumption " "that everything Big Tech says about itself is probably a lie. But the " @@ -482,7 +466,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:365 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:357 msgid "" "Surveillance capitalism assumes that because advertisers buy a lot of what " "Big Tech is selling, Big Tech must be selling something real. But Big Tech’s " @@ -492,7 +476,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:372 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:364 msgid "" "Being watched changes your behavior, and not for the better. It creates " "risks for our social progress. Zuboff’s book features beautifully wrought " @@ -507,12 +491,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:386 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:378 msgid "What is persuasion?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:388 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:380 msgid "" "To understand why you shouldn’t worry about mind-control rays — but why you " "<emphasis>should</emphasis> worry about surveillance " @@ -521,7 +505,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:394 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:386 msgid "" "Google, Facebook, and other surveillance capitalists promise their customers " "(the advertisers) that if they use machine-learning tools trained on " @@ -532,14 +516,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><blockquote><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:403 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:395 msgid "" "The impact of dominance far exceeds the impact of manipulation and should be " "central to our analysis and any remedies we seek." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:408 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:400 msgid "" "But there’s little evidence that this is happening. Instead, the predictions " "that surveillance capitalism delivers to its customers are much less " @@ -549,12 +533,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:415 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:407 msgid "1. Segmenting" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:417 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:409 msgid "" "If you’re selling diapers, you have better luck if you pitch them to people " "in maternity wards. Not everyone who enters or leaves a maternity ward just " @@ -566,7 +550,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:428 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:420 msgid "" "Surveillance capitalism is segmenting times a billion. Diaper vendors can go " "way beyond people in maternity wards (though they can do that, too, with " @@ -581,22 +565,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:442 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:434 msgid "This is seriously creepy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:445 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:437 msgid "But it’s not mind control." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:448 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:440 msgid "It doesn’t deprive you of your free will. It doesn’t trick you." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:451 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:443 msgid "" "Think of how surveillance capitalism works in politics. Surveillance " "capitalist companies sell political operatives the power to locate people " @@ -609,7 +593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:462 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:454 msgid "" "But this is an inexact and thus wasteful practice. The union organizer can’t " "know which worker to approach on the way out of the factory gates and may " @@ -621,7 +605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:472 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:464 msgid "" "Because targeting improves the yields on political pitches, it can " "accelerate the pace of political upheaval by making it possible for everyone " @@ -634,7 +618,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:483 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:475 msgid "" "It’s important to differentiate this kind of political organizing from " "influence campaigns; finding people who secretly agree with you isn’t the " @@ -646,7 +630,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:492 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:484 msgid "" "But the personal accounts of those who have come out tell a different story " "where people who long harbored a secret about their gender were emboldened " @@ -657,12 +641,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:501 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:493 msgid "2. Deception" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:503 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:495 msgid "" "Lies and fraud are pernicious, and surveillance capitalism supercharges them " "through targeting. If you want to sell a fraudulent payday loan or subprime " @@ -676,7 +660,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:515 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:507 msgid "" "Surveillance capitalism also abets fraud by making it easy to locate other " "people who have been similarly deceived, forming a community of people who " @@ -688,7 +672,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:525 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:517 msgid "" "Sometimes, online deception involves replacing someone’s correct beliefs " "with incorrect ones, as it does in the anti-vaccination movement, whose " @@ -698,7 +682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:532 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:524 msgid "" "But it’s much more common for fraud to succeed when it doesn’t have to " "displace a true belief. When my daughter contracted head lice at daycare, " @@ -711,7 +695,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:543 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:535 msgid "" "This is pernicious and difficult — and it’s also the kind of thing the " "internet can help guard against by making true information available, " @@ -729,12 +713,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:560 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:552 msgid "3. Domination" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:562 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:554 msgid "" "Surveillance capitalism is the result of monopoly. Monopoly is the cause, " "and surveillance capitalism and its negative outcomes are the effects of " @@ -745,7 +729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:571 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:563 msgid "" "One example of how monopolism aids in persuasion is through dominance: " "Google makes editorial decisions about its algorithms that determine the " @@ -760,7 +744,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:584 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:576 msgid "" "Google’s dominance over search — more than 86% of web searches are performed " "through Google — means that the way it orders its search results has an " @@ -774,7 +758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:596 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:588 msgid "" "Zuboff calls surveillance capitalism a <quote>rogue capitalism</quote> whose " "data-hoarding and machine-learning techniques rob us of our free will. But " @@ -790,12 +774,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:611 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:603 msgid "4. Bypassing our rational faculties" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:613 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:605 msgid "" "<emphasis>This</emphasis> is the good stuff: using machine learning, " "<quote>dark patterns,</quote> engagement hacking, and other techniques to " @@ -804,7 +788,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:619 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:611 msgid "" "Some of these techniques have proven devastatingly effective (if only in the " "short term). The use of countdown timers on a purchase completion page can " @@ -819,7 +803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:632 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:624 msgid "" "Games are extraordinarily good at this. <quote>Free to play</quote> games " "manipulate us through many techniques, such as presenting players with a " @@ -832,7 +816,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:643 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:635 msgid "" "Companies have risen and fallen on these techniques, and the " "<quote>fallen</quote> part is worth paying attention to. In general, living " @@ -844,7 +828,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:653 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:645 msgid "" "That’s why behavioral conditioning uses <quote>intermittent reinforcement " "schedules.</quote> Instead of giving you a steady drip of encouragement or " @@ -854,7 +838,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:661 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:653 msgid "" "Intermittent reinforcement is a powerful behavioral tool, but it also " "represents a collective action problem for surveillance capitalism. The " @@ -870,7 +854,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:676 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:668 msgid "" "From the surveillance capitalist’s point of view, our adaptive capacity is " "like a harmful bacterium that deprives it of its food source — our attention " @@ -887,7 +871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:691 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:683 msgid "" "Not everyone, of course. Some people never adapt to stimulus, just as some " "people never stop hearing the hum of the refrigerator. This is why most " @@ -898,7 +882,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:699 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:691 msgid "" "But surveillance capitalism’s margins on behavioral modification " "suck. Tripling the rate at which someone buys a widget sounds great <ulink " @@ -909,7 +893,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:709 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:701 msgid "" "Slot machines’ high returns mean that they can be profitable just by " "draining the fortunes of the small rump of people who are pathologically " @@ -928,7 +912,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:727 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:719 msgid "" "The vulnerability of small segments of the population to dramatic, efficient " "corporate manipulation is a real concern that’s worthy of our attention and " @@ -936,12 +920,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:734 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:726 msgid "If data is the new oil, then surveillance capitalism’s engine has a leak" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:737 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:729 msgid "" "This adaptation problem offers an explanation for one of surveillance " "capitalism’s most alarming traits: its relentless hunger for data and its " @@ -951,7 +935,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:744 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:736 msgid "" "Zuboff observes this phenomenon and concludes that data must be very " "valuable if surveillance capitalism is so hungry for it. (In her words: " @@ -968,14 +952,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:759 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:751 msgid "" "Of course, all of Big Tech’s persuasion techniques work in concert with one " "another, and collecting data is useful beyond mere behavioral trickery." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:764 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:756 msgid "" "If someone wants to recruit you to buy a refrigerator or join a pogrom, they " "might use profiling and targeting to send messages to people they judge to " @@ -991,7 +975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:778 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:770 msgid "" "Each phase of this process benefits from surveillance: The more data they " "have, the more precisely they can profile you and target you with specific " @@ -1001,7 +985,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:785 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:777 msgid "" "Also, the more data they have, the better they can craft deceptive messages " "— if I know that you’re into genealogy, I might not try to feed you " @@ -1011,7 +995,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:792 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:784 msgid "" "Facebook also helps you locate people who have the same odious or antisocial " "views as you. It makes it possible to find other people who want to carry " @@ -1023,7 +1007,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:802 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:794 msgid "" "There is one way in which targeted advertising uniquely benefits those " "advocating for socially unacceptable causes: It is invisible. Racism is " @@ -1039,7 +1023,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:817 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:809 msgid "" "But even if you wanted to advertise your Nazi movement on a billboard or " "prime-time TV or the sports section, you would struggle to find anyone " @@ -1049,7 +1033,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:825 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:817 msgid "" "Targeted ads solve this problem: On the internet, every ad unit can be " "different for every person, meaning that you can buy ads that are only shown " @@ -1062,7 +1046,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:836 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:828 msgid "" "Online ads are placed by algorithms that broker between a diverse ecosystem " "of self-serve ad platforms that anyone can buy an ad through, so the Nazi ad " @@ -1077,7 +1061,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:850 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:842 msgid "" "These layers of indirection between advertisers and publishers serve as " "moral buffers: Today’s moral consensus is largely that publishers shouldn’t " @@ -1087,7 +1071,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:858 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:850 msgid "" "Data has a complex relationship with domination. Being able to spy on your " "customers can alert you to their preferences for your rivals and allow you " @@ -1095,7 +1079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:863 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:855 msgid "" "More importantly, if you can dominate the information space while also " "gathering data, then you make other deceptive tactics stronger because it’s " @@ -1106,7 +1090,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:872 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:864 msgid "" "If you’re a Nazi who wants to ensure that your prospects primarily see " "deceptive, confirming information when they search for more, you can improve " @@ -1118,7 +1102,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:881 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:873 msgid "" "Surveillance capitalists are like stage mentalists who claim that their " "extraordinary insights into human behavior let them guess the word that you " @@ -1127,7 +1111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:888 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:880 msgid "" "Or perhaps they’re more like pick-up artists, the misogynistic cult that " "promises to help awkward men have sex with women by teaching them " @@ -1138,7 +1122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:896 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:888 msgid "" "Some pick-up artists eventually manage to convince women to go home with " "them, but it’s not because these men have figured out how to bypass women’s " @@ -1151,7 +1135,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:907 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:899 msgid "" "Pick-up artists <emphasis>believe</emphasis> they have figured out a secret " "back door that bypasses women’s critical faculties, but they haven’t. Many " @@ -1162,7 +1146,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:916 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:908 msgid "" "Pick-up artists are proof that people can believe they have developed a " "system of mind control <emphasis>even when it doesn’t " @@ -1182,7 +1166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:934 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:926 msgid "" "Department store pioneer John Wanamaker is said to have lamented, " "<quote>Half the money I spend on advertising is wasted; the trouble is I " @@ -1194,12 +1178,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:944 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:936 msgid "What is Facebook?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:946 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:938 msgid "" "Facebook is heralded as the origin of all of our modern plagues, and it’s " "not hard to see why. Some tech companies want to lock their users in but " @@ -1213,7 +1197,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:958 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:950 msgid "" "Facebook’s surveillance regime is really without parallel in the Western " "world. Though Facebook tries to prevent itself from being visible on the " @@ -1228,14 +1212,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><blockquote><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:972 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:964 msgid "" "Big Tech is able to practice surveillance not just because it is tech but " "because it is <emphasis>big</emphasis>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:977 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:969 msgid "" "Facebook offers similar tools to app developers, so the apps — games, fart " "machines, business review services, apps for keeping abreast of your kid’s " @@ -1249,7 +1233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:988 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:980 msgid "" "Though it’s easy to integrate the web with Facebook — linking to news " "stories and such — Facebook products are generally not available to be " @@ -1263,7 +1247,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1000 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:992 msgid "" "And Facebook is incredibly popular, with 2.3 billion claimed users (though " "many believe this figure to be inflated). Facebook has been used to organize " @@ -1276,14 +1260,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1011 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1003 msgid "" "To understand what role Facebook plays in the formulation and mobilization " "of antisocial movements, we need to understand the dual nature of Facebook." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1016 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1008 msgid "" "Because it has a lot of users and a lot of data about those users, Facebook " "is a very efficient tool for locating people with hard-to-find traits, the " @@ -1300,7 +1284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1031 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1023 msgid "" "Facebook makes finding people shopping for refrigerators a " "<emphasis>lot</emphasis> easier. It can target ads to people who’ve " @@ -1317,7 +1301,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1047 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1039 msgid "" "Facebook also makes it a lot easier to find people who have the same rare " "disease as you, which might have been impossible in earlier eras — the " @@ -1328,7 +1312,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1055 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1047 msgid "" "Facebook also makes it much easier to find people who hold the same rare " "political beliefs as you. If you’ve always harbored a secret affinity for " @@ -1343,7 +1327,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1068 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1060 msgid "" "All of this presents a dilemma for Facebook: Targeting makes the company’s " "ads more effective than traditional ads, but it also lets advertisers see " @@ -1357,7 +1341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1079 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1071 msgid "" "To make things worse, many Facebook groups spark precious little " "discussion. Your little-league soccer team, the people with the same rare " @@ -1368,7 +1352,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1087 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1079 msgid "" "With nothing but <quote>organic</quote> discussion, Facebook would not " "generate enough traffic to sell enough ads to make the money it needs to " @@ -1377,7 +1361,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1093 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1085 msgid "" "So Facebook has to gin up traffic by sidetracking its own forums: Every time " "Facebook’s algorithm injects controversial materials — inflammatory " @@ -1390,7 +1374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1104 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1096 msgid "" "Facebook <emphasis>can</emphasis> modify our behavior but only in a couple " "of trivial ways. First, it can lock in all your friends and family members " @@ -1403,7 +1387,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1115 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1107 msgid "" "This is why Facebook’s targeting systems — both the ones it shows to " "advertisers and the ones that let users find people who share their " @@ -1415,7 +1399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1125 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1117 msgid "" "The more time you spend on Facebook, the more ads it gets to show you. The " "solution to Facebook’s ads only working one in a thousand times is for the " @@ -1429,12 +1413,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1137 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1129 msgid "Monopoly and the right to the future tense" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1139 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1131 msgid "" "Zuboff and her cohort are particularly alarmed at the extent to which " "surveillance allows corporations to influence our decisions, taking away " @@ -1443,7 +1427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1146 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1138 msgid "" "It’s true that advertising can tip the scales one way or another: When " "you’re thinking of buying a fridge, a timely fridge ad might end the search " @@ -1456,7 +1440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1157 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1149 msgid "" "By contrast, Zuboff is rather sanguine about 40 years of lax antitrust " "practice that has allowed a handful of companies to dominate the internet, " @@ -1467,7 +1451,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1165 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1157 msgid "" "However, if we are to be alarmed that we might lose the right to choose for " "ourselves what our future will hold, then monopoly’s nonspeculative, " @@ -1476,7 +1460,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1171 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1163 msgid "" "Start with <quote>digital rights management.</quote> In 1998, Bill Clinton " "signed the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) into law. It’s a complex " @@ -1485,7 +1469,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1177 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1169 msgid "" "This is a blanket ban on tampering with systems that restrict access to " "copyrighted works. The ban is so thoroughgoing that it prohibits removing a " @@ -1496,7 +1480,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1185 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1177 msgid "" "For example, Section 1201’s first major application was on DVD players as a " "means of enforcing the region coding built into those devices. DVD-CCA, the " @@ -1510,7 +1494,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1197 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1189 msgid "" "However, watching a lawfully produced disc in a country other than the one " "where you purchased it is not copyright infringement — it’s the " @@ -1521,7 +1505,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1205 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1197 msgid "" "The fact that a movie studio wants to charge Indians less than Americans or " "release in Australia later than it releases in the U.K. has no bearing on " @@ -1530,7 +1514,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1212 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1204 msgid "" "So DVD and DVD player manufacturers would not be able to use accusations of " "abetting copyright infringement to punish manufacturers who made " @@ -1540,7 +1524,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1220 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1212 msgid "" "That’s where Section 1201 of the DMCA comes in: By banning tampering with an " "<quote>access control,</quote> the rule gave manufacturers and rights " @@ -1550,7 +1534,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1227 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1219 msgid "" "This is an odious scam against consumers, but as time went by, Section 1201 " "grew to encompass a rapidly expanding constellation of devices and services " @@ -1558,14 +1542,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1235 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1227 msgid "" "Any device with software in it contains a <quote>copyrighted work</quote> — " "i.e., the software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1241 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1233 msgid "" "A device can be designed so that reconfiguring the software requires " "bypassing an <quote>access control for copyrighted works,</quote> which is a " @@ -1573,7 +1557,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1248 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1240 msgid "" "Thus, companies can control their customers’ behavior after they take home " "their purchases by designing products so that all unpermitted uses require " @@ -1581,7 +1565,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1256 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1248 msgid "" "Section 1201 then becomes a means for manufacturers of all descriptions to " "force their customers to arrange their affairs to benefit the manufacturers’ " @@ -1589,7 +1573,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1261 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1253 msgid "" "This manifests in many ways: from a new generation of inkjet printers that " "use countermeasures to prevent third-party ink that cannot be bypassed " @@ -1600,7 +1584,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1270 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1262 msgid "" "Closer to home, Apple’s iPhones use these measures to prevent both " "third-party service and third-party software installation. This allows Apple " @@ -1614,7 +1598,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1283 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1275 msgid "" "Apple’s use of copyright locks also allows it to establish a monopoly over " "how its customers acquire software for their mobile devices. The App Store’s " @@ -1626,7 +1610,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1293 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1285 msgid "" "Crucially, Apple’s use of copyright locks gives it the power to make " "editorial decisions about which apps you may and may not install on your own " @@ -1642,7 +1626,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1306 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1298 msgid "" "Apple often justifies monopoly power over software installation in the name " "of security, arguing that its vetting of apps for its store means that it " @@ -1658,7 +1642,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1320 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1312 msgid "" "Zuboff calls surveillance capitalism a <quote>rogue capitalism.</quote> " "Theoreticians of capitalism claim that its virtue is that it <ulink " @@ -1672,7 +1656,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1331 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1323 msgid "" "If our concern is that markets cease to function when consumers can no " "longer make choices, then copyright locks should concern us at " @@ -1684,12 +1668,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1340 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1332 msgid "Search order and the right to the future tense" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1342 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1334 msgid "" "Markets are posed as a kind of magic: By discovering otherwise hidden " "information conveyed by the free choices of consumers, those consumers’ " @@ -1703,7 +1687,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1354 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1346 msgid "" "This ballot rigging is made more pernicious by the existence of monopolies " "over search order. Google’s search market share is about 90%. When Google’s " @@ -1717,7 +1701,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1366 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1358 msgid "" "Google’s algorithm is often tricked into serving disinformation as a " "prominent search result. But in these cases, Google isn’t persuading people " @@ -1726,7 +1710,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1372 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1364 msgid "" "This is true whether the search is for <quote>Are vaccines " "dangerous?</quote> or <quote>best restaurants near me.</quote> Most users " @@ -1740,7 +1724,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1383 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1375 msgid "" "Many of the questions we ask search engines have no empirically correct " "answers: <quote>Where should I eat dinner?</quote> is not an objective " @@ -1754,7 +1738,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1394 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1386 msgid "" "Google’s search dominance isn’t a matter of pure merit: The company has " "leveraged many tactics that would have been prohibited under classical, " @@ -1771,7 +1755,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1410 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1402 msgid "" "If we’re worried about giant companies subverting markets by stripping " "consumers of their ability to make free choices, then vigorous antitrust " @@ -1783,7 +1767,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1420 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1412 msgid "" "This goes for many other companies. Amazon, a classic surveillance " "capitalist, is obviously the dominant tool for searching Amazon — though " @@ -1800,7 +1784,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1435 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1427 msgid "" "Not every monopolist is a surveillance capitalist, but that doesn’t mean " "they’re not able to shape consumer choices in wide-ranging ways. Zuboff " @@ -1816,7 +1800,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1450 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1442 msgid "" "Because of its use of copyright locks, Apple’s mobile customers are not " "legally allowed to switch to a rival retailer for its apps if they want to " @@ -1830,12 +1814,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1462 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1454 msgid "Monopolists can afford sleeping pills for watchdogs" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1464 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1456 msgid "" "Only the most extreme market ideologues think that markets can self-regulate " "without state oversight. Markets need watchdogs — regulators, lawmakers, and " @@ -1847,7 +1831,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1474 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1466 msgid "" "But this kind of regulatory capture doesn’t come cheap. In competitive " "sectors, where rivals are constantly eroding one another’s margins, " @@ -1856,7 +1840,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1480 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1472 msgid "" "Many of the harms of surveillance capitalism are the result of weak or " "nonexistent regulation. Those regulatory vacuums spring from the power of " @@ -1865,7 +1849,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1486 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1478 msgid "" "Here’s an example: When firms over-collect and over-retain our data, they " "are at increased risk of suffering a breach — you can’t leak data you never " @@ -1876,14 +1860,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1495 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1487 msgid "" "But still, firms continue to over-collect and over-retain our data for three " "reasons:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1499 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1491 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">1. They are locked in the aforementioned limbic " "arms race with our capacity to shore up our attentional defense systems to " @@ -1897,7 +1881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1511 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1503 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">2. They believe the surveillance capitalism " "story.</emphasis> Data is cheap to aggregate and store, and both proponents " @@ -1912,7 +1896,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1524 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1516 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">3. The penalties for leaking data are " "negligible.</emphasis> Most countries limit these penalties to actual " @@ -1925,7 +1909,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1535 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1527 msgid "" "But the harms from breaches are much more extensive than these " "actual-damages rules capture. Identity thieves and fraudsters are wily and " @@ -1938,7 +1922,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1545 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1537 msgid "" "However, even the most ambitious privacy rules, such as the EU General Data " "Protection Regulation, fall far short of capturing the negative " @@ -1948,7 +1932,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1552 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1544 msgid "" "This tolerance of — or indifference to — data over-collection and " "over-retention can be ascribed in part to the sheer lobbying muscle of the " @@ -1958,7 +1942,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1560 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1552 msgid "" "And then there’s state surveillance, which the surveillance capitalism story " "dismisses as a relic of another era when the big worry was being jailed for " @@ -1967,7 +1951,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1566 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1558 msgid "" "But state surveillance and private surveillance are intimately related. As " "we saw when Apple was conscripted by the Chinese government as a vital " @@ -1978,7 +1962,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1574 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1566 msgid "" "Whether it’s Google being used as a location tracking tool by local law " "enforcement across the U.S. or the use of social media tracking by the " @@ -1997,7 +1981,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1592 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1584 msgid "" "Monopolism is key to the project of mass state surveillance. It’s true that " "smaller tech firms are apt to be less well-defended than Big Tech, whose " @@ -2009,7 +1993,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1601 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1593 msgid "" "A concentrated tech sector that works with authorities is a much more " "powerful ally in the project of mass state surveillance than a fragmented " @@ -2025,7 +2009,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1615 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1607 msgid "" "They can even make a good case for doing this: After all, when there are " "only four or five big companies in an industry, everyone qualified to " @@ -2036,14 +2020,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><blockquote><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1624 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1616 msgid "" "While surveillance doesn’t cause monopolies, monopolies certainly abet " "surveillance." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1629 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1621 msgid "" "Industries that are competitive are fragmented — composed of companies that " "are at each other’s throats all the time and eroding one another’s margins " @@ -2054,7 +2038,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1637 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1629 msgid "" "Surveillance combined with machine learning is supposed to be an existential " "crisis, a species-defining moment at which our free will is just a few more " @@ -2064,12 +2048,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1645 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1637 msgid "But that threat grows out of monopoly." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1648 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1640 msgid "" "One of the consequences of tech’s regulatory capture is that it can shift " "liability for poor security decisions onto its customers and the wider " @@ -2080,7 +2064,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1656 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1648 msgid "" "IT is the only field in which this is practiced: No one builds a bridge or a " "hospital and keeps the composition of the steel or the equations used to " @@ -2091,7 +2075,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1665 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1657 msgid "" "The monopoly power that keeps any meaningful consequences for breaches at " "bay means that tech companies continue to build terrible products that are " @@ -2103,7 +2087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1675 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1667 msgid "" "These bad security decisions are compounded yet again by the use of " "copyright locks to enforce business-model decisions against " @@ -2114,7 +2098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1683 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1675 msgid "" "Recall also that these copyright locks are backstopped by legislation (such " "as Section 1201 of the DMCA or Article 6 of the 2001 EU Copyright Directive) " @@ -2124,7 +2108,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1691 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1683 msgid "" "This amounts to a manufacturer’s veto over safety warnings and " "criticism. While this is far from the legislative intent of the DMCA and its " @@ -2134,7 +2118,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1699 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1691 msgid "" "Copyright locks are a double whammy: They create bad security decisions that " "can’t be freely investigated or discussed. If markets are supposed to be " @@ -2147,7 +2131,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1709 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1701 msgid "" "And unlike mind-control rays, enforced silence over security is an " "immediate, documented problem, and it <emphasis>does</emphasis> constitute " @@ -2159,7 +2143,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1718 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1710 msgid "" "In software design, <quote>technology debt</quote> refers to old, baked-in " "decisions that turn out to be bad ones in hindsight. Perhaps a long-ago " @@ -2178,7 +2162,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1736 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1728 msgid "" "Typically, technology debt results in a technological bankruptcy: The " "product gets so brittle and unsustainable that it fails " @@ -2191,7 +2175,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1747 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1739 msgid "" "But the technology debt created by copyright locks isn’t individual debt; " "it’s systemic. Everyone in the world is exposed to this over-leverage, as " @@ -2204,12 +2188,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1759 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1751 msgid "Privacy and monopoly" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1761 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1753 msgid "" "Many tech companies are gripped by an orthodoxy that holds that if they just " "gather enough data on enough of our activities, everything else is possible " @@ -2223,7 +2207,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1773 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1765 msgid "" "Surveillance tech is far from the first industry to embrace a nonsensical, " "self-serving belief that harms the rest of the world, and it is not the " @@ -2237,7 +2221,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1785 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1777 msgid "" "This is not to say that there’s nothing wrong with Big Tech and its " "ideological addiction to data. While surveillance’s benefits are mostly " @@ -2245,7 +2229,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1791 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1783 msgid "" "There’s real irony here. The belief in surveillance capitalism as a " "<quote>rogue capitalism</quote> is driven by the belief that markets " @@ -2255,7 +2239,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1798 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1790 msgid "" "But monopolists get to do terrible things for a long time before they pay " "the price. Think of how concentration in the finance sector allowed the " @@ -2272,7 +2256,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1813 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1805 msgid "" "Big Tech is able to practice surveillance not just because it is tech but " "because it is <emphasis>big</emphasis>. The reason every web publisher " @@ -2283,7 +2267,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1822 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1814 msgid "" "The reason the world’s governments have been slow to create meaningful " "penalties for privacy breaches is that Big Tech’s concentration produces " @@ -2293,14 +2277,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1830 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1822 msgid "" "The reason that the smartest engineers in the world want to work for Big " "Tech is that Big Tech commands the lion’s share of tech industry jobs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1835 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1827 msgid "" "The reason people who are aghast at Facebook’s and Google’s and Amazon’s " "data-handling practices continue to use these services is that all their " @@ -2309,7 +2293,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1841 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1833 msgid "" "Competitive markets would weaken the companies’ lobbying muscle by reducing " "their profits and pitting them against each other in regulatory forums. It " @@ -2322,19 +2306,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1852 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1844 msgid "" "In other words, while surveillance doesn’t cause monopolies, monopolies " "certainly abet surveillance." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1856 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1848 msgid "Ronald Reagan, pioneer of tech monopolism" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1858 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1850 msgid "" "Technology exceptionalism is a sin, whether it’s practiced by technology’s " "blind proponents or by its critics. Both of these camps are prone to " @@ -2348,7 +2332,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1870 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1862 msgid "" "To understand how tech became so monopolistic, it’s useful to look at the " "dawn of the consumer tech industry: 1979, the year the Apple II Plus " @@ -2362,7 +2346,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1882 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1874 msgid "" "Antitrust’s story began nearly a century before all that with laws like the " "Sherman Act, which took aim at monopolists on the grounds that monopolies " @@ -2374,7 +2358,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1891 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1883 msgid "" "Then came a fabulist named Robert Bork, a former solicitor general who " "Reagan appointed to the powerful U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit " @@ -2387,7 +2371,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1901 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1893 msgid "" "Bork was a crank, but he was a crank with a theory that rich people really " "liked. Monopolies are a great way to make rich people richer by allowing " @@ -2398,7 +2382,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1909 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1901 msgid "" "Bork’s theories were especially palatable to the same power brokers who " "backed Reagan, and Reagan’s Department of Justice and other agencies began " @@ -2410,7 +2394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1918 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1910 msgid "" "Little by little, Bork’s theories entered the mainstream, and their backers " "began to infiltrate the legal education field, even putting on junkets where " @@ -2422,7 +2406,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1928 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1920 msgid "" "The history of Bork’s antitrust theories is a really good example of the " "kind of covertly engineered shifts in public opinion that Zuboff warns us " @@ -2436,7 +2420,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1940 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1932 msgid "" "Today, many fear that machine learning allows surveillance capitalism to " "sell <quote>Bork-as-a-Service,</quote> at internet speeds, so that you can " @@ -2451,7 +2435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1953 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1945 msgid "" "The idea that tech forms <quote>natural monopolies</quote> (monopolies that " "are the inevitable result of the realities of an industry, such as the " @@ -2466,7 +2450,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1965 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1957 msgid "" "Indeed, the birth of the web saw a mass-extinction event for the existing " "giant, wildly profitable proprietary technologies that had capital, network " @@ -2482,7 +2466,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1979 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1971 msgid "" "Yes, tech is heavily monopolized and is now closely associated with industry " "concentration, but this has more to do with a matter of timing than its " @@ -2496,7 +2480,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1991 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1983 msgid "" "In support of this thesis, I offer the concentration that every " "<emphasis>other</emphasis> industry has undergone over the same period. From " @@ -2513,7 +2497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2006 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1998 msgid "" "Again: When you change the laws intended to prevent monopolies and then " "monopolies form in exactly the way the law was supposed to prevent, it is " @@ -2528,12 +2512,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2018 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2010 msgid "Steering with the windshield wipers" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2020 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2012 msgid "" "It’s been 40 years since Bork’s project to rehabilitate monopolies achieved " "liftoff, and that is a generation and a half, which is plenty of time to " @@ -2545,7 +2529,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2030 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2022 msgid "" "After 40 years of studiously ignoring antitrust analysis and enforcement, " "it’s not surprising that we’ve all but forgotten that antitrust exists, that " @@ -2555,7 +2539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2038 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2030 msgid "" "Antitrust is a market society’s steering wheel, the control of first resort " "to keep would-be masters of the universe in their lanes. But Bork and his " @@ -2568,7 +2552,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2048 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2040 msgid "" "It’s like a 1960s science-fiction plot come to life: People stuck in a " "<quote>generation ship,</quote> plying its way across the stars, a ship once " @@ -2580,12 +2564,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2058 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2050 msgid "Surveillance still matters" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2060 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2052 msgid "" "None of this is to minimize the problems with surveillance. Surveillance " "matters, and Big Tech’s use of surveillance <emphasis>is</emphasis> an " @@ -2594,7 +2578,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2067 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2059 msgid "" "Surveillance has become <emphasis>much</emphasis> more efficient thanks to " "Big Tech. In 1989, the Stasi — the East German secret police — had the whole " @@ -2603,7 +2587,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2074 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2066 msgid "" "Today, we know that the NSA is spying on a significant fraction of the " "entire world’s population, and its ratio of surveillance operatives to the " @@ -2614,7 +2598,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2083 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2075 msgid "" "How did the ratio of surveillable citizens expand from 1:60 to 1:10,000 in " "less than 30 years? It’s thanks to Big Tech. Our devices and services gather " @@ -2636,7 +2620,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2104 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2096 msgid "" "Let me explain that again: If one in a million people is a terrorist, then " "there will only be about one terrorist in a random sample of one million " @@ -2646,7 +2630,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2112 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2104 msgid "" "In reality, the accuracy of algorithmic terrorism detection falls far short " "of the 99% mark, as does refrigerator ad targeting. The difference is that " @@ -2656,7 +2640,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2119 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2111 msgid "" "Mass state surveillance is only feasible because of surveillance capitalism " "and its extremely low-yield ad-targeting systems, which require a constant " @@ -2667,7 +2651,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2127 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2119 msgid "" "State surveillance is no mere parasite on Big Tech, sucking up its data and " "giving nothing in return. In truth, the two are symbiotes: Big Tech sucks up " @@ -2678,7 +2662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2136 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2128 msgid "" "To see this at work today, look no further than Amazon’s home surveillance " "device, the Ring doorbell, and its associated app, Neighbors. Ring — a " @@ -2695,7 +2679,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2152 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2144 msgid "" "In mid-2019, a series of public records requests revealed that Amazon had " "struck confidential deals with more than 400 local law enforcement agencies " @@ -2709,7 +2693,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2164 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2156 msgid "" "Ring and law enforcement have found many ways to intertwine their " "activities. Ring strikes secret deals to acquire real-time access to 911 " @@ -2719,7 +2703,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2172 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2164 msgid "" "The more the cops buzz-market the surveillance capitalist Ring, the more " "surveillance capability the state gets. Cops who rely on private entities " @@ -2732,12 +2716,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2183 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2175 msgid "Dignity and sanctuary" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2185 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2177 msgid "" "But even if we could exercise democratic control over our states and force " "them to stop raiding surveillance capitalism’s reservoirs of behavioral " @@ -2745,7 +2729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2190 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2182 msgid "" "This is an area where Zuboff shines. Her chapter on <quote>sanctuary</quote> " "— the feeling of being unobserved — is a beautiful hymn to introspection, " @@ -2753,7 +2737,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2195 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2187 msgid "" "When you are watched, something changes. Anyone who has ever raised a child " "knows this. You might look up from your book (or more realistically, from " @@ -2771,7 +2755,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2211 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2203 msgid "" "In the digital age, our authentic selves are inextricably tied to our " "digital lives. Your search history is a running ledger of the questions " @@ -2781,14 +2765,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2219 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2211 msgid "" "To be observed in these activities is to lose the sanctuary of your " "authentic self." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2223 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2215 msgid "" "There’s another way in which surveillance capitalism robs us of our capacity " "to be our authentic selves: by making us anxious. Surveillance capitalism " @@ -2801,7 +2785,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2234 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2226 msgid "" "Our devices and services are <quote>general purpose</quote> in that they can " "connect anything or anyone to anything or anyone else and that they can run " @@ -2814,7 +2798,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2244 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2236 msgid "" "All day and all night, our pockets buzz, shattering our concentration and " "tearing apart the fragile webs of connection we spin as we think through " @@ -2825,12 +2809,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2253 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2245 msgid "Afflicting the afflicted" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2255 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2247 msgid "" "The effects of surveillance on our ability to be our authentic selves are " "not equal for all people. Some of us are lucky enough to live in a time and " @@ -2840,7 +2824,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2262 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2254 msgid "" "But for many of us, this is not true. Recall that in living memory, many of " "the ways of being that we think of as socially acceptable today were once " @@ -2852,7 +2836,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2272 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2264 msgid "" "Today, these activities aren’t just decriminalized in much of the world, " "they’re considered normal, and the fallen prohibitions are viewed as " @@ -2860,7 +2844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2277 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2269 msgid "" "How did we get from prohibition to normalization? Through private, personal " "activity: People who were secretly gay or secret pot-smokers or who secretly " @@ -2875,7 +2859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2290 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2282 msgid "" "The right to choose the time and manner of these conversations was key to " "their success. It’s one thing to come out to your dad while you’re on a " @@ -2885,7 +2869,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2297 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2289 msgid "" "Without a private sphere, there’s a chance that none of these changes would " "have come to pass and that the people who benefited from these changes would " @@ -2894,7 +2878,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2304 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2296 msgid "" "The corollary is that, unless you think that our society has attained social " "perfection — that your grandchildren in 50 years will ask you to tell them " @@ -2908,17 +2892,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2316 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2308 msgid "A private realm is necessary for human progress." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2319 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2311 msgid "Any data you collect and retain will eventually leak" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2321 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2313 msgid "" "The lack of a private life can rob vulnerable people of the chance to be " "their authentic selves and constrain our actions by depriving us of " @@ -2927,7 +2911,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2327 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2319 msgid "" "Personally identifying information is of very limited use for the purpose of " "controlling peoples’ minds, but identity theft — really a catchall term for " @@ -2937,7 +2921,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2335 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2327 msgid "" "Attackers are not limited to using data from one breached source, " "either. Multiple services have suffered breaches that exposed names, " @@ -2951,7 +2935,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2347 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2339 msgid "" "For example, attackers can use leaked username and password combinations to " "hijack whole fleets of commercial vehicles that <ulink " @@ -2966,7 +2950,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2360 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2352 msgid "" "Attackers are endlessly inventive in the pursuit of creative ways to " "weaponize leaked data. One common use of leaked data is to penetrate " @@ -2974,7 +2958,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2365 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2357 msgid "" "Like spies, online fraudsters are totally dependent on companies " "over-collecting and over-retaining our data. Spy agencies sometimes pay " @@ -2985,7 +2969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2373 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2365 msgid "" "The over-collection of data has a host of terrible social consequences, from " "the erosion of our authentic selves to the undermining of social progress, " @@ -2995,12 +2979,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2381 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2373 msgid "Critical tech exceptionalism is still tech exceptionalism" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2384 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2376 msgid "" "Big Tech has long practiced technology exceptionalism: the idea that it " "should not be subject to the mundane laws and norms of " @@ -3010,14 +2994,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2390 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2382 msgid "" "Tech exceptionalism got us all into a lot of trouble, so it’s ironic and " "distressing to see Big Tech’s critics committing the same sin." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2394 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2386 msgid "" "Big Tech is not a <quote>rogue capitalism</quote> that cannot be cured " "through the traditional anti-monopoly remedies of trustbusting (forcing " @@ -3030,7 +3014,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2404 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2396 msgid "" "The thing is, people have been claiming to have perfected mind-control rays " "for centuries, and every time, it turned out to be a con — though sometimes " @@ -3038,7 +3022,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2410 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2402 msgid "" "For generations, the advertising industry has been steadily improving its " "ability to sell advertising services to businesses while only making " @@ -3050,7 +3034,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2420 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2412 msgid "" "The tech industry has made enormous improvements in the science of " "convincing businesses that they’re good at advertising while their actual " @@ -3064,7 +3048,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2432 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2424 msgid "" "It’s tempting to think that if businesses are willing to pour billions into " "a venture that the venture must be a good one. Yet there are plenty of times " @@ -3080,7 +3064,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2446 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2438 msgid "" "The claims of Big Tech’s mind-control system are full of tells that the " "enterprise is a con. For example, <ulink " @@ -3094,7 +3078,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2456 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2448 msgid "" "Big Tech’s promotional materials also claim that their algorithms can " "accurately perform <quote>sentiment analysis</quote> or detect peoples’ " @@ -3110,7 +3094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2469 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2461 msgid "" "Big Tech has been so good at marketing its own supposed superpowers that " "it’s easy to believe that they can market everything else with similar " @@ -3124,7 +3108,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2481 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2473 msgid "" "That skepticism should infuse all of our evaluations of Big Tech and its " "supposed abilities, including our perusal of its patents. Zuboff vests these " @@ -3137,7 +3121,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2491 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2483 msgid "" "Patent applications take the form of a series of claims and range from broad " "to narrow. A typical patent starts out by claiming that its authors have " @@ -3154,7 +3138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2506 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2498 msgid "" "What’s more, software patents are routinely granted even though the filer " "doesn’t have any evidence that they can do the thing claimed by the " @@ -3163,7 +3147,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2512 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2504 msgid "" "With these considerations in hand, it becomes obvious that the fact that a " "Big Tech company has patented what it <emphasis>says</emphasis> is an " @@ -3172,7 +3156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2519 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2511 msgid "" "Big Tech collects our data for many reasons, including the diminishing " "returns on existing stores of data. But many tech companies also collect " @@ -3184,7 +3168,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2529 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2521 msgid "" "Data mined for predictive systems doesn’t necessarily produce these " "dividends. Think of Netflix: The predictive value of the data mined from a " @@ -3197,7 +3181,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2540 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2532 msgid "" "Businesses pursue fads to the detriment of their profits all the time, " "especially when the businesses and their investors are not motivated by the " @@ -3209,7 +3193,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2549 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2541 msgid "" "This is another harm of tech exceptionalism: The belief that more data " "always produces more profits in the form of more insights that can be " @@ -3225,14 +3209,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2563 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2555 msgid "" "How monopolies, not mind control, drive surveillance capitalism: The " "Snapchat story" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2566 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2558 msgid "" "For the first decade of its existence, Facebook competed with the social " "media giants of the day (Myspace, Orkut, etc.) by presenting itself as the " @@ -3244,7 +3228,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2576 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2568 msgid "" "Despite frequent promises that it would never collect or analyze its users’ " "data, Facebook periodically created initiatives that did just that, like the " @@ -3258,7 +3242,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2588 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2580 msgid "" "The pace at which Facebook ramped up its surveillance efforts seems to have " "been set by Facebook’s competitive landscape. The more competitors Facebook " @@ -3269,7 +3253,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2596 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2588 msgid "" "All the while, Facebook was prodigiously acquiring companies, including a " "company called Onavo. Nominally, Onavo made a battery-monitoring mobile " @@ -3279,7 +3263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2604 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2596 msgid "" "Through Onavo, Facebook discovered that it was losing market share to " "Snapchat, an app that — like Facebook a decade before — billed itself as the " @@ -3293,7 +3277,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2616 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2608 msgid "" "The story of how Facebook crushed Snapchat reveals the relationship between " "monopoly and surveillance capitalism. Facebook combined surveillance with " @@ -3307,12 +3291,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2628 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2620 msgid "A monopoly over your friends" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2630 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2622 msgid "" "A decentralization movement has tried to erode the dominance of Facebook and " "other Big Tech companies by fielding <quote>indieweb</quote> alternatives — " @@ -3321,7 +3305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2637 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2629 msgid "" "Fundamentally, each of these services is hamstrung by the same problem: " "Every potential user for a Facebook or Twitter alternative has to convince " @@ -3333,7 +3317,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2647 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2639 msgid "" "All of this has conspired to make Facebook — and other dominant platforms — " "into <quote>kill zones</quote> that investors will not fund new entrants " @@ -3341,7 +3325,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2652 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2644 msgid "" "And yet, all of today’s tech giants came into existence despite the " "entrenched advantage of the companies that came before them. To understand " @@ -3350,12 +3334,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><blockquote><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2659 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2651 msgid "The hard problem of our species is coordination." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2663 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2655 msgid "" "<quote>Interoperability</quote> is the ability of two technologies to work " "with one another: Anyone can make an LP that will play on any record player, " @@ -3367,7 +3351,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2672 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2664 msgid "" "Interoperability is often a source of innovation and consumer benefit: Apple " "made the first commercially successful PC, but millions of independent " @@ -3384,7 +3368,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2687 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2679 msgid "" "<quote>Interoperability</quote> is often used interchangeably with " "<quote>standardization,</quote> which is the process when manufacturers and " @@ -3395,7 +3379,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2695 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2687 msgid "" "But interoperability doesn’t require standardization — indeed, " "standardization often proceeds from the chaos of ad hoc interoperability " @@ -3409,7 +3393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2706 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2698 msgid "" "Beyond neutral interoperability, there is <quote>adversarial " "interoperability.</quote> That’s when a manufacturer makes a product that " @@ -3419,7 +3403,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2714 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2706 msgid "" "Probably the most familiar form of adversarial interoperability is " "third-party printer ink. Printer manufacturers claim that they sell printers " @@ -3431,7 +3415,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2723 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2715 msgid "" "Owners of printers take the position that HP and Epson and Brother are not " "charities and that customers for their wares have no obligation to help them " @@ -3446,7 +3430,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2736 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2728 msgid "" "Adversarial interoperability has played an outsized role in the history of " "the tech industry: from the founding of the <quote>alt.*</quote> Usenet " @@ -3462,7 +3446,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2750 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2742 msgid "" "Today, incumbency is seen as an unassailable advantage. Facebook is where " "all of your friends are, so no one can start a Facebook competitor. But " @@ -3479,7 +3463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2765 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2757 msgid "" "Adversarial interoperability was once the norm and a key contributor to the " "dynamic, vibrant tech scene, but now it is stuck behind a thicket of laws " @@ -3491,7 +3475,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2775 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2767 msgid "" "In the absence of a competitive market, lawmakers have resorted to assigning " "expensive, state-like duties to Big Tech firms, such as automatically " @@ -3501,7 +3485,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2783 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2775 msgid "" "These measures put a floor under how small we can make Big Tech because only " "the very largest companies can afford the humans and automated filters " @@ -3509,7 +3493,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2788 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2780 msgid "" "But that’s not the only way in which making platforms responsible for " "policing their users undermines competition. A platform that is expected to " @@ -3523,7 +3507,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2800 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2792 msgid "" "To the extent that we are willing to let Big Tech police itself — rather " "than making Big Tech small enough that users can leave bad platforms for " @@ -3536,7 +3520,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2810 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2802 msgid "" "Ultimately, we can try to fix Big Tech by making it responsible for bad acts " "by its users, or we can try to fix the internet by cutting Big Tech down to " @@ -3551,12 +3535,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2822 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2814 msgid "Fake news is an epistemological crisis" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2824 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2816 msgid "" "Tech is not the only industry that has undergone massive concentration since " "the Reagan era. Virtually every major industry — from oil to newspapers to " @@ -3565,7 +3549,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2831 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2823 msgid "" "At the same time, every industry has become something of a tech industry as " "general-purpose computers and general-purpose networks and the promise of " @@ -3574,7 +3558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2837 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2829 msgid "" "This phenomenon of industrial concentration is part of a wider story about " "wealth concentration overall as a smaller and smaller number of people own " @@ -3584,7 +3568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2845 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2837 msgid "" "That means that whenever a regulator asks a question with an obvious, " "empirical answer (<quote>Are humans causing climate change?</quote> or " @@ -3596,7 +3580,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2854 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2846 msgid "" "Rich people have always played an outsized role in politics and more so " "since the Supreme Court’s <emphasis>Citizens United</emphasis> decision " @@ -3607,7 +3591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2863 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2855 msgid "" "But the policy distortions of rich individuals pale in comparison to the " "policy distortions that concentrated industries are capable of. The " @@ -3618,7 +3602,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2872 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2864 msgid "" "Concentrated industries also find it easier to collaborate on policy " "objectives than competitive ones. When all the top execs from your industry " @@ -3628,7 +3612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2879 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2871 msgid "" "Rising through the ranks in a concentrated industry generally means working " "at two or three of the big companies. When there are only relatively few " @@ -3642,7 +3626,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2891 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2883 msgid "" "Highly concentrated industries also present a regulatory conundrum. When an " "industry is dominated by just four or five companies, the only people who " @@ -3655,7 +3639,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2902 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2894 msgid "" "All this is to say that the tight social bonds, small number of firms, and " "regulatory capture of concentrated industries give the companies that " @@ -3664,7 +3648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2908 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2900 msgid "" "This is increasingly obvious. Whether it’s payday lenders <ulink " "url=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/02/25/how-payday-lending-industry-insider-tilted-academic-research-its-favor/\">winning " @@ -3680,7 +3664,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2922 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2914 msgid "" "It’s really impossible to overstate what a terrifying prospect this is. We " "live in an incredibly high-tech society, and none of us could acquire the " @@ -3698,7 +3682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2939 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2931 msgid "" "In a world as complex as this one, we have to defer to authorities, and we " "keep them honest by making those authorities accountable to us and binding " @@ -3709,12 +3693,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2948 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2940 msgid "Right now, it’s obviously not." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2951 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2943 msgid "" "The past 40 years of rising inequality and industry concentration, together " "with increasingly weak accountability and transparency for expert agencies, " @@ -3725,7 +3709,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2959 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2951 msgid "" "For example, it’s been decades since Exxon’s own scientists concluded that " "its products would render the Earth uninhabitable by humans. And yet those " @@ -3738,7 +3722,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2970 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2962 msgid "" "The collapse of the credibility of our systems for divining and upholding " "truths has left us in a state of epistemological chaos. Once, most of us " @@ -3749,7 +3733,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2979 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2971 msgid "" "If you’re like me, you probably believe that vaccines are safe, but you " "(like me) probably also can’t explain the microbiology or statistics. Few of " @@ -3767,7 +3751,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2996 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2988 msgid "" "I’m 100% certain that vaccinating is safe and effective, but I’m also at " "something of a loss to explain exactly, <emphasis>precisely,</emphasis> why " @@ -3777,7 +3761,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3004 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2996 msgid "" "Fake news — conspiracy theories, racist ideologies, scientific denialism — " "has always been with us. What’s changed today is not the mix of ideas in the " @@ -3788,7 +3772,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3013 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3005 msgid "" "No one can say for certain why this has happened, but the two dominant camps " "are idealism (the belief that the people who argue for these conspiracies " @@ -3798,7 +3782,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3021 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3013 msgid "" "I’m a materialist. I’ve been exposed to the arguments of conspiracy " "theorists all my life, and I have not experienced any qualitative leap in " @@ -3806,7 +3790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3026 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3018 msgid "" "The major difference is in the world, not the arguments. In a time where " "actual conspiracies are commonplace, conspiracy theories acquire a ring of " @@ -3814,7 +3798,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3031 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3023 msgid "" "We have always had disagreements about what’s true, but today, we have a " "disagreement over how we know whether something is true. This is an " @@ -3828,7 +3812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3042 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3034 msgid "" "Targeting — surveillance capitalism — makes it easier to find people who are " "undergoing this epistemological crisis, but it doesn’t create the " @@ -3836,7 +3820,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3047 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3039 msgid "" "And, conveniently enough, it’s corruption that allows surveillance " "capitalism to grow by dismantling monopoly protections, by permitting " @@ -3847,12 +3831,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3056 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3048 msgid "Tech is different" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3058 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3050 msgid "" "I reject both iterations of technological exceptionalism. I reject the idea " "that tech is uniquely terrible and led by people who are greedier or worse " @@ -3862,7 +3846,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3066 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3058 msgid "" "I think tech is just another industry, albeit one that grew up in the " "absence of real monopoly constraints. It may have been first, but it isn’t " @@ -3870,7 +3854,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3071 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3063 msgid "" "But there’s one way in which I <emphasis>am</emphasis> a tech " "exceptionalist. I believe that online tools are the key to overcoming " @@ -3883,7 +3867,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3082 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3074 msgid "" "The hard problem of our species is coordination. Everything from climate " "change to social change to running a business to making a family work can be " @@ -3891,7 +3875,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3087 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3079 msgid "" "The internet makes it easier than at any time before to find people who want " "to work on a project with you — hence the success of free and open-source " @@ -3900,7 +3884,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3093 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3085 msgid "" "The internet and the computers we connect to it also possess an exceptional " "quality: general-purposeness. The internet is designed to allow any two " @@ -3911,7 +3895,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3102 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3094 msgid "" "This means that every time someone with a special communications need " "invests in infrastructure and techniques to make the internet faster, " @@ -3923,7 +3907,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3111 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3103 msgid "" "For these reasons, every type of communication is gradually absorbed into " "the internet, and every type of device — from airplanes to pacemakers — " @@ -3931,7 +3915,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3116 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3108 msgid "" "While these considerations don’t preclude regulating networks and computers, " "they do call for gravitas and caution when doing so because changes to " @@ -3940,7 +3924,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3122 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3114 msgid "" "The upshot of this is that our best hope of solving the big coordination " "problems — climate change, inequality, etc. — is with free, fair, and open " @@ -3950,12 +3934,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3130 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3122 msgid "Ownership of facts" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3132 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3124 msgid "" "Big Tech has a funny relationship with information. When you’re generating " "information — anything from the location data streaming off your mobile " @@ -3964,7 +3948,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3139 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3131 msgid "" "But when you have the audacity to turn the tables — to use a tool that " "blocks ads or slurps your waiting updates out of a social network and puts " @@ -3974,7 +3958,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3146 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3138 msgid "" "The thing is, information is a very bad fit for any kind of private property " "regime. Property rights are useful for establishing markets that can lead to " @@ -3984,7 +3968,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3153 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3145 msgid "" "Information rarely has such a clear title. Take phone numbers: There’s " "clearly something going wrong when Facebook slurps up millions of users’ " @@ -3993,7 +3977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3160 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3152 msgid "" "But the phone numbers Facebook nonconsensually acquires in this transaction " "are not the <quote>property</quote> of the users they’re taken from nor do " @@ -4005,7 +3989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3169 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3161 msgid "" "Likewise for the facts that Facebook and other commercial surveillance " "operators acquire about us, like that we are the children of our parents or " @@ -4020,7 +4004,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3182 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3174 msgid "" "If you go to a Black Lives Matter demonstration, do the other demonstrators " "need your permission to post their photos from the event? The online fights " @@ -4032,7 +4016,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3191 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3183 msgid "" "The fact that information isn’t a good fit with property and markets doesn’t " "mean that it’s not valuable. Babies aren’t property, but they’re inarguably " @@ -4044,7 +4028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3200 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3192 msgid "" "It’s tempting to reach for the property hammer when Big Tech treats your " "information like a nail — not least because Big Tech are such prolific " @@ -4057,7 +4041,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3211 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3203 msgid "" "Meanwhile, establishing property rights over information will create " "insurmountable barriers to independent data processing. Imagine that we " @@ -4073,7 +4057,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3226 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3218 msgid "" "The same goes for things like search indexes of the web or photos of " "peoples’ houses, which have become contentious thanks to Google’s Street " @@ -4089,7 +4073,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3240 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3232 msgid "" "The ownership of facts is antithetical to many kinds of human progress. It’s " "hard to imagine a rule that limits Big Tech’s exploitation of our collective " @@ -4101,12 +4085,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3250 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3242 msgid "Persuasion works… slowly" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3252 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3244 msgid "" "The platforms may oversell their ability to persuade people, but obviously, " "persuasion works sometimes. Whether it’s the private realm that LGBTQ people " @@ -4117,7 +4101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3261 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3253 msgid "" "The project of shifting societal attitudes is a game of inches and " "years. For centuries, svengalis have purported to be able to accelerate this " @@ -4130,7 +4114,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3272 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3264 msgid "" "Yet, after 12 years of terror, once the war ended, Nazi ideology was largely " "discredited in both East and West Germany, and a program of national truth " @@ -4142,7 +4126,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3282 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3274 msgid "" "Racism and authoritarianism have also always been with us. Anyone who’s " "reviewed the kind of messages and arguments that racists put forward today " @@ -4154,7 +4138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3291 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3283 msgid "" "If racists haven’t gotten more convincing in the past decade, then how is it " "that more people were convinced to be openly racist at that time? I believe " @@ -4174,19 +4158,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3310 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3302 msgid "Paying won’t help" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3312 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3304 msgid "" "As the old saw goes, <quote>If you’re not paying for the product, you’re the " "product.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3316 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3308 msgid "" "It’s a commonplace belief today that the advent of free, ad-supported media " "was the original sin of surveillance capitalism. The reasoning is that the " @@ -4200,7 +4184,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3328 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3320 msgid "" "But the degradation of news products long precedes the advent of " "ad-supported online news. Long before newspapers were online, lax antitrust " @@ -4215,7 +4199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3341 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3333 msgid "" "Then, as news companies <emphasis>did</emphasis> come online, the ad " "revenues they commanded dropped even as the number of internet users (and " @@ -4228,7 +4212,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3351 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3343 msgid "" "Paid services continue to exist alongside free ones, and often it is these " "paid services — anxious to prevent people from bypassing their paywalls or " @@ -4248,7 +4232,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3370 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3362 msgid "" "We shouldn’t just be concerned about payment and control: The idea that " "paying will improve discourse is also dangerously wrong. The poor success " @@ -4262,7 +4246,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3381 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3373 msgid "" "Perhaps paying would fix this, the reasoning goes. If platforms could be " "economically viable even if you stopped clicking on them once your " @@ -4271,7 +4255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3388 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3380 msgid "" "There may be something to that argument, but it still ignores the wider " "economic and political context of the platforms and the world that allowed " @@ -4279,7 +4263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3393 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3385 msgid "" "Platforms are world-spanning and all-encompassing because they are " "monopolies, and they are monopolies because we have gutted our most " @@ -4292,7 +4276,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3404 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3396 msgid "" "In this wildly unequal world, paying doesn’t improve the discourse; it " "simply prices discourse out of the range of the majority of people. Paying " @@ -4300,7 +4284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3409 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3401 msgid "" "If you think today’s filter bubbles are a problem for our discourse, imagine " "what they’d be like if rich people inhabited free-flowing Athenian " @@ -4316,7 +4300,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3423 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3415 msgid "" "Behind the idea of paying for access is a belief that free markets will " "address Big Tech’s dysfunction. After all, to the extent that people have a " @@ -4331,7 +4315,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3436 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3428 msgid "" "Advocates for markets laud their ability to aggregate the diffused knowledge " "of buyers and sellers across a whole society through demand signals, price " @@ -4345,7 +4329,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3448 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3440 msgid "" "The profitability of any business is constrained by the possibility that its " "customers will take their business elsewhere. Both surveillance and lock-in " @@ -4357,7 +4341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3458 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3450 msgid "" "Ultimately, surveillance and lock-in are both simply business strategies " "that monopolists can choose. Surveillance companies like Google are " @@ -4373,12 +4357,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3473 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3465 msgid "An <quote>ecology</quote> moment for trustbusting" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3475 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3467 msgid "" "If we’re going to break Big Tech’s death grip on our digital lives, we’re " "going to have to fight monopolies. That may sound pretty mundane and " @@ -4388,7 +4372,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3482 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3474 msgid "" "Meanwhile, breaking up monopolies is something we seem to have forgotten how " "to do. There is a bipartisan, trans-Atlantic consensus that breaking up " @@ -4399,7 +4383,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3490 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3482 msgid "" "But trustbusters once strode the nation, brandishing law books, terrorizing " "robber barons, and shattering the illusion of monopolies’ all-powerful grip " @@ -4409,12 +4393,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3498 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3490 msgid "Could we find that political will again?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3501 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3493 msgid "" "Copyright scholar James Boyle has described how the term " "<quote>ecology</quote> marked a turning point in environmental " @@ -4425,7 +4409,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3509 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3501 msgid "" "But the term <quote>ecology</quote> welded these disparate causes together " "into a single movement, and the members of this movement found solidarity " @@ -4438,7 +4422,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3520 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3512 msgid "" "I believe we are on the verge of a new <quote>ecology</quote> moment " "dedicated to combating monopolies. After all, tech isn’t the only " @@ -4447,7 +4431,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3526 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3518 msgid "" "You can find partisans for trustbusting in every sector of the " "economy. Everywhere you look, you can find people who’ve been wronged by " @@ -4459,7 +4443,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3536 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3528 msgid "" "That’s the good news: With a little bit of work and a little bit of " "coalition building, we have more than enough political will to break up Big " @@ -4468,7 +4452,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3542 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3534 msgid "" "But here’s the bad news: Much of what we’re doing to tame Big Tech " "<emphasis>instead</emphasis> of breaking up the big companies also " @@ -4476,7 +4460,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3547 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3539 msgid "" "Big Tech’s concentration currently means that their inaction on harassment, " "for example, leaves users with an impossible choice: absent themselves from " @@ -4490,7 +4474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3559 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3551 msgid "" "Yet governments confronting all of these problems all inevitably converge on " "the same solution: deputize the Big Tech giants to police their users and " @@ -4501,7 +4485,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3568 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3560 msgid "" "These rules — the EU’s new Directive on Copyright, Australia’s new terror " "regulation, America’s FOSTA/SESTA sex-trafficking law and more — are not " @@ -4512,7 +4496,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3577 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3569 msgid "" "That’s because any move to break up Big Tech and cut it down to size will " "have to cope with the hard limit of not making these companies so small that " @@ -4527,7 +4511,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3589 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3581 msgid "" "Allowing the platforms to grow to their present size has given them a " "dominance that is nearly insurmountable — deputizing them with public duties " @@ -4539,7 +4523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3599 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3591 msgid "" "We can work to fix the internet by breaking up Big Tech and depriving them " "of monopoly profits, or we can work to fix Big Tech by making them spend " @@ -4550,12 +4534,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3607 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3599 msgid "Make Big Tech small again" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3609 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3601 msgid "" "Trustbusting is hard. Breaking big companies into smaller ones is expensive " "and time-consuming. So time-consuming that by the time you’re done, the " @@ -4566,14 +4550,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><blockquote><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3619 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3611 msgid "" "A future U.S. president could simply direct their attorney general to " "enforce the law as it was written." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3624 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3616 msgid "" "It’s far easier to prevent concentration than to fix it, and reinstating the " "traditional contours of U.S. antitrust enforcement will, at the very least, " @@ -4583,7 +4567,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3632 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3624 msgid "" "These powers are all in the plain language of U.S. antitrust laws, so in " "theory, a future U.S. president could simply direct their attorney general " @@ -4595,7 +4579,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3641 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3633 msgid "" "If the courts frustrate the Justice Department and the president, the next " "stop would be Congress, which could eliminate any doubt about how antitrust " @@ -4611,7 +4595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3655 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3647 msgid "" "But this only prevents things from getting worse. To help them get better, " "we will have to build coalitions with other activists in the anti-monopoly " @@ -4622,7 +4606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3664 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3656 msgid "" "In an important sense, it doesn’t matter which industry the breakups begin " "in. Once they start, shareholders in <emphasis>every</emphasis> industry " @@ -4641,12 +4625,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3681 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3673 msgid "20 GOTO 10" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3683 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3675 msgid "" "Fixing Big Tech will require a lot of iteration. As cyber lawyer Lawrence " "Lessig wrote in his 1999 book, <emphasis>Code and Other Laws of " @@ -4656,7 +4640,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3690 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3682 msgid "" "If you could wave a wand and get Congress to pass a law that re-fanged the " "Sherman Act tomorrow, you could use the impending breakups to convince " @@ -4665,14 +4649,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3697 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3689 msgid "" "But getting Congress to act will require a massive normative shift, a mass " "movement of people who care about monopolies — and pulling them apart." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3702 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3694 msgid "" "Getting people to care about monopolies will take technological " "interventions that help them to see what a world free from Big Tech might " @@ -4687,7 +4671,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3714 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3706 msgid "" "Neither tech nor law nor code nor markets are sufficient to reform Big " "Tech. But a profitable competitor to Big Tech could bankroll a legislative " @@ -4703,7 +4687,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3728 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3720 msgid "" "The surveillance capitalism hypothesis — that Big Tech’s products really " "work as well as they say they do and that’s why everything is so screwed up " @@ -4715,7 +4699,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3737 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3729 msgid "" "As to why things are so screwed up? Capitalism. Specifically, the monopolism " "that creates inequality and the inequality that creates monopolism. It’s a " @@ -4728,7 +4712,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3748 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3740 msgid "" "Surveillance doesn’t make capitalism rogue. Capitalism’s unchecked rule " "begets surveillance. Surveillance isn’t bad because it lets people " @@ -4740,19 +4724,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3757 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3749 msgid "Up and through" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3759 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3751 msgid "" "With all the problems of Big Tech, it’s tempting to imagine solving the " "problem by returning to a world without tech at all. Resist that temptation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3764 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3756 msgid "" "The only way out of our Big Tech problem is up and through. If our future is " "not reliant upon high tech, it will be because civilization has fallen. Big " @@ -4764,7 +4748,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3774 +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3766 msgid "" "I am, secretly, despite what I have said earlier, a tech exceptionalist. Not " "in the sense of thinking that tech should be given a free pass to monopolize " -- 2.47.2