From 50e5d8981f3f871ab627a25d83d8dece5e2b36bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Petter Reinholdtsen Date: Tue, 13 Oct 2020 17:59:51 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Updated POT file. --- po/how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.pot | 1678 ++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 839 insertions(+), 839 deletions(-) diff --git a/po/how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.pot b/po/how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.pot index f95b532..b72297b 100644 --- a/po/how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.pot +++ b/po/how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.pot @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: How to Destroy Surveillance Capitalism n/a\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-10-12 17:35+0200\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-10-13 17:55+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" @@ -16,33 +16,33 @@ msgstr "" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -#. type: Attribute 'lang' of: +#. type: Attribute 'lang' of:
#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:4 msgid "en" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:6 how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:71 +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:6 msgid "How to Destroy Surveillance Capitalism" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname> +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname> #: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:11 msgid "Cory" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname> +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><authorgroup><author><surname> #: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:12 msgid "Doctorow" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><publisher><address> +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><publisher><address> #: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:17 #, no-wrap msgid "<city>Oslo</city>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo> +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo> #: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:15 msgid "" "<publisher> <publishername>Petter Reinholdtsen</publishername> <placeholder " @@ -51,32 +51,32 @@ msgid "" "<holder>Petter Reinholdtsen</holder> </copyright>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para> +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><legalnotice><para> #: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:32 msgid "How to Destroy Surveillance Capitalism by Cory Doctorow." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para> +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><legalnotice><para> #: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:35 msgid "Published by Petter Reinholdtsen." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para> +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><legalnotice><para> #: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:39 msgid "ISBN 978-82-93828-05-1 (hard cover)" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para> +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><legalnotice><para> #: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:42 msgid "ISBN 978-82-93828-06-8 (paperback)" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para> +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><legalnotice><para> #: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:45 msgid "ISBN 978-82-93828-07-5 (ePub)" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para><inlinemediaobject> +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><legalnotice><para><inlinemediaobject> #: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:50 msgid "" "<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=\"images/cc.png\" contentdepth=\"3em\" " @@ -85,17 +85,17 @@ msgid "" "align=\"center\"/> </imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><legalnotice><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> #: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:57 msgid "Creative Commons, Some rights reserved" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para> +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><legalnotice><para> #: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:49 msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para> +#. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><legalnotice><para> #: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:63 msgid "" "This book is licensed under a Creative Commons license. This license permits " @@ -104,13 +104,13 @@ msgid "" "<ulink url=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:73 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:71 msgid "The net of a thousand lies" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:75 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:73 msgid "" "The most surprising thing about the rebirth of flat Earthers in the 21st " "century is just how widespread the evidence against them is. You can " @@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ msgid "" "commonsense belief that the flat-seeming Earth was, indeed, flat." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:83 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:81 msgid "" "But today, when elementary schools routinely dangle GoPro cameras from " "balloons and loft them high enough to photograph the Earth’s curve — to say " @@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ msgid "" "flat." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:90 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:88 msgid "" "Likewise for white nationalism and eugenics: In an age where you can become " "a computational genomics datapoint by swabbing your cheek and mailing it to " @@ -138,16 +138,16 @@ msgid "" "science</quote> has never been easier to refute." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:96 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:94 msgid "" "We are living through a golden age of both readily available facts and " "denial of those facts. Terrible ideas that have lingered on the fringes for " "decades or even centuries have gone mainstream seemingly overnight." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:102 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:100 msgid "" "When an obscure idea gains currency, there are only two things that can " "explain its ascendance: Either the person expressing that idea has gotten a " @@ -161,8 +161,8 @@ msgid "" "the Greta Thunbergs of the world to convince us." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:115 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:113 msgid "" "The arguments for ridiculous beliefs in odious conspiracies like " "anti-vaccination, climate denial, a flat Earth, and eugenics are no better " @@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ msgid "" "refuting facts." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:122 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:120 msgid "" "Anti-vax has been around since the first vaccines, but the early " "anti-vaxxers were pitching people who were less equipped to understand even " @@ -182,15 +182,15 @@ msgid "" "and they have a much harder job." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:131 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:129 msgid "" "So can these far-fetched conspiracy theorists really be succeeding on the " "basis of superior arguments?" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:135 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:133 msgid "" "Some people think so. Today, there is a widespread belief that machine " "learning and commercial surveillance can turn even the most fumble-tongued " @@ -207,16 +207,16 @@ msgid "" "surveillance are causing the changes in our consensus about what’s true." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:151 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:149 msgid "" "After all, in a world where sprawling and incoherent conspiracy theories " "like Pizzagate and its successor, QAnon, have widespread followings, " "<emphasis>something</emphasis> must be afoot." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:156 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:154 msgid "" "But what if there’s another explanation? What if it’s the material " "circumstances, and not the arguments, that are making the difference for " @@ -228,8 +228,8 @@ msgid "" "theories?" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:166 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:164 msgid "" "If it’s trauma and not contagion — material conditions and not ideology — " "that is making the difference today and enabling a rise of repulsive " @@ -239,8 +239,8 @@ msgid "" "ever-more-extreme ideas and communities." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:174 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:172 msgid "" "Belief in conspiracy is a raging fire that has done real damage and poses " "real danger to our planet and species, from epidemics <ulink " @@ -253,8 +253,8 @@ msgid "" "world through the conspiracies they’ve been confused by." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:186 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:184 msgid "" "But firefighting is reactive. We need fire " "<emphasis>prevention</emphasis>. We need to strike at the traumatic material " @@ -262,8 +262,8 @@ msgid "" "too, tech has a role to play." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:192 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:190 msgid "" "There’s no shortage of proposals to address this. From the EU’s <ulink " "url=\"https://edri.org/tag/terreg/\">Terrorist Content Regulation</ulink>, " @@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ msgid "" "companies to solve the problems they created." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:203 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:201 msgid "" "There’s a critical piece missing from the debate, though. All these " "solutions assume that tech companies are a fixture, that their dominance " @@ -288,8 +288,8 @@ msgid "" "implement the systems these laws demand." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:213 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:211 msgid "" "Figuring out what we want our tech to look like is crucial if we’re going to " "get out of this mess. Today, we’re at a crossroads where we’re trying to " @@ -298,20 +298,20 @@ msgid "" "Tech’s stranglehold. We can’t do both, so we have to choose." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:221 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:219 msgid "" "I want us to choose wisely. Taming Big Tech is integral to fixing the " "internet, and for that, we need digital rights activism." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:225 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:223 msgid "Digital rights activism, a quarter-century on" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:227 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:225 msgid "" "Digital rights activism is more than 30 years old now. The Electronic " "Frontier Foundation turned 30 this year; the Free Software Foundation " @@ -333,8 +333,8 @@ msgid "" "the humans in a world where tech is inexorably taking over." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:248 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:246 msgid "" "The latest version of this critique comes in the form of <quote>surveillance " "capitalism,</quote> a term coined by business professor Shoshana Zuboff in " @@ -357,21 +357,21 @@ msgid "" "species." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:269 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:267 msgid "" "What’s more, I think that her incorrect diagnosis will lead us down a path " "that ends up making Big Tech stronger, not weaker. We need to take down Big " "Tech, and to do that, we need to start by correctly identifying the problem." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:275 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:273 msgid "Tech exceptionalism, then and now" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:277 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:275 msgid "" "Early critics of the digital rights movement — perhaps best represented by " "campaigning organizations like the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the Free " @@ -387,8 +387,8 @@ msgid "" "ghetto uprising." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:292 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:290 msgid "" "In the decades since, accusations of <quote>tech exceptionalism</quote> have " "only sharpened as tech’s role in everyday life has expanded: Now that tech " @@ -398,8 +398,8 @@ msgid "" "self-interested negligence (or worse, nefarious plots)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:300 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:298 msgid "" "From my perspective, the digital rights movement has remained stationary " "while the rest of the world has moved. From the earliest days, the " @@ -411,8 +411,8 @@ msgid "" "for good actors to help users)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:311 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:309 msgid "" "The <quote>surveillance capitalism</quote> critique recasts the digital " "rights movement in a new light again: not as alarmists who overestimate the " @@ -422,18 +422,18 @@ msgid "" "fight the last century’s tech battles." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:319 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:317 msgid "But tech exceptionalism is a sin no matter who practices it." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:322 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:320 msgid "Don’t believe the hype" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:324 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:322 msgid "" "You’ve probably heard that <quote>if you’re not paying for the product, " "you’re the product.</quote> As we’ll see below, that’s true, if incomplete. " @@ -444,8 +444,8 @@ msgid "" "engines, maps, messaging, and more — are delivery systems for persuasion." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:334 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:332 msgid "" "The fear of surveillance capitalism starts from the (correct) presumption " "that everything Big Tech says about itself is probably a lie. But the " @@ -458,8 +458,8 @@ msgid "" "indicator of a product’s efficacy." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:346 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:344 msgid "" "Surveillance capitalism assumes that because advertisers buy a lot of what " "Big Tech is selling, Big Tech must be selling something real. But Big Tech’s " @@ -468,8 +468,8 @@ msgid "" "and commerce." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:353 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:351 msgid "" "Being watched changes your behavior, and not for the better. It creates " "risks for our social progress. Zuboff’s book features beautifully wrought " @@ -483,13 +483,13 @@ msgid "" "supercomputers guarantee them perpetual and total world domination." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:367 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:365 msgid "What is persuasion?" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:369 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:367 msgid "" "To understand why you shouldn’t worry about mind-control rays — but why you " "<emphasis>should</emphasis> worry about surveillance " @@ -497,8 +497,8 @@ msgid "" "by <quote>persuasion.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:375 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:373 msgid "" "Google, Facebook, and other surveillance capitalists promise their customers " "(the advertisers) that if they use machine-learning tools trained on " @@ -508,15 +508,15 @@ msgid "" "purchases, votes, and other desired outcomes." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:384 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><blockquote><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:382 msgid "" "The impact of dominance far exceeds the impact of manipulation and should be " "central to our analysis and any remedies we seek." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:389 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:387 msgid "" "But there’s little evidence that this is happening. Instead, the predictions " "that surveillance capitalism delivers to its customers are much less " @@ -525,13 +525,13 @@ msgid "" "things:" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:396 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:394 msgid "1. Segmenting" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:398 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:396 msgid "" "If you’re selling diapers, you have better luck if you pitch them to people " "in maternity wards. Not everyone who enters or leaves a maternity ward just " @@ -542,8 +542,8 @@ msgid "" "for baby products, who haunt maternity wards with baskets full of freebies)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:409 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:407 msgid "" "Surveillance capitalism is segmenting times a billion. Diaper vendors can go " "way beyond people in maternity wards (though they can do that, too, with " @@ -557,23 +557,23 @@ msgid "" "the like convincingly claim that’s not happening — yet)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:423 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:421 msgid "This is seriously creepy." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:426 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:424 msgid "But it’s not mind control." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:429 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:427 msgid "It doesn’t deprive you of your free will. It doesn’t trick you." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:432 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:430 msgid "" "Think of how surveillance capitalism works in politics. Surveillance " "capitalist companies sell political operatives the power to locate people " @@ -585,8 +585,8 @@ msgid "" "fliers at John Birch Society meetings." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:443 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:441 msgid "" "But this is an inexact and thus wasteful practice. The union organizer can’t " "know which worker to approach on the way out of the factory gates and may " @@ -597,8 +597,8 @@ msgid "" "Charlottesville, Virginia." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:453 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:451 msgid "" "Because targeting improves the yields on political pitches, it can " "accelerate the pace of political upheaval by making it possible for everyone " @@ -610,8 +610,8 @@ msgid "" "that marched in Charlottesville." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:464 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:462 msgid "" "It’s important to differentiate this kind of political organizing from " "influence campaigns; finding people who secretly agree with you isn’t the " @@ -622,8 +622,8 @@ msgid "" "queer all along." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:473 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:471 msgid "" "But the personal accounts of those who have come out tell a different story " "where people who long harbored a secret about their gender were emboldened " @@ -633,13 +633,13 @@ msgid "" "ideas." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:482 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:480 msgid "2. Deception" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:484 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:482 msgid "" "Lies and fraud are pernicious, and surveillance capitalism supercharges them " "through targeting. If you want to sell a fraudulent payday loan or subprime " @@ -652,8 +652,8 @@ msgid "" "loans." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:496 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:494 msgid "" "Surveillance capitalism also abets fraud by making it easy to locate other " "people who have been similarly deceived, forming a community of people who " @@ -664,8 +664,8 @@ msgid "" "product." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:506 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:504 msgid "" "Sometimes, online deception involves replacing someone’s correct beliefs " "with incorrect ones, as it does in the anti-vaccination movement, whose " @@ -674,8 +674,8 @@ msgid "" "belief that vaccines are harmful." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:513 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:511 msgid "" "But it’s much more common for fraud to succeed when it doesn’t have to " "displace a true belief. When my daughter contracted head lice at daycare, " @@ -687,8 +687,8 @@ msgid "" "know what they’re doing." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:524 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:522 msgid "" "This is pernicious and difficult — and it’s also the kind of thing the " "internet can help guard against by making true information available, " @@ -705,13 +705,13 @@ msgid "" "displaced by a false one by means of sophisticated persuasion." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:541 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:539 msgid "3. Domination" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:543 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:541 msgid "" "Surveillance capitalism is the result of monopoly. Monopoly is the cause, " "and surveillance capitalism and its negative outcomes are the effects of " @@ -721,8 +721,8 @@ msgid "" "nascent competitors, and expanding to control whole market verticals." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:552 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:550 msgid "" "One example of how monopolism aids in persuasion is through dominance: " "Google makes editorial decisions about its algorithms that determine the " @@ -736,8 +736,8 @@ msgid "" "people will be deceived." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:565 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:563 msgid "" "Google’s dominance over search — more than 86% of web searches are performed " "through Google — means that the way it orders its search results has an " @@ -750,8 +750,8 @@ msgid "" "company that is too big to audit: break it up into smaller pieces." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:577 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:575 msgid "" "Zuboff calls surveillance capitalism a <quote>rogue capitalism</quote> whose " "data-hoarding and machine-learning techniques rob us of our free will. But " @@ -766,13 +766,13 @@ msgid "" "should be central to our analysis and any remedies we seek." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:592 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:590 msgid "4. Bypassing our rational faculties" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:594 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:592 msgid "" "<emphasis>This</emphasis> is the good stuff: using machine learning, " "<quote>dark patterns,</quote> engagement hacking, and other techniques to " @@ -780,8 +780,8 @@ msgid "" "control." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:600 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:598 msgid "" "Some of these techniques have proven devastatingly effective (if only in the " "short term). The use of countdown timers on a purchase completion page can " @@ -795,8 +795,8 @@ msgid "" "<quote>our</quote> things stay ours." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:613 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:611 msgid "" "Games are extraordinarily good at this. <quote>Free to play</quote> games " "manipulate us through many techniques, such as presenting players with a " @@ -808,8 +808,8 @@ msgid "" "level." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:624 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:622 msgid "" "Companies have risen and fallen on these techniques, and the " "<quote>fallen</quote> part is worth paying attention to. In general, living " @@ -820,8 +820,8 @@ msgid "" "when it stops again." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:634 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:632 msgid "" "That’s why behavioral conditioning uses <quote>intermittent reinforcement " "schedules.</quote> Instead of giving you a steady drip of encouragement or " @@ -830,8 +830,8 @@ msgid "" "can never quite find the pattern that would make it boring." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:642 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:640 msgid "" "Intermittent reinforcement is a powerful behavioral tool, but it also " "represents a collective action problem for surveillance capitalism. The " @@ -846,8 +846,8 @@ msgid "" "make use of whatever seems to be working at the time." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:657 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:655 msgid "" "From the surveillance capitalist’s point of view, our adaptive capacity is " "like a harmful bacterium that deprives it of its food source — our attention " @@ -863,8 +863,8 @@ msgid "" "base had halved." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:672 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:670 msgid "" "Not everyone, of course. Some people never adapt to stimulus, just as some " "people never stop hearing the hum of the refrigerator. This is why most " @@ -874,8 +874,8 @@ msgid "" "collapse." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:680 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:678 msgid "" "But surveillance capitalism’s margins on behavioral modification " "suck. Tripling the rate at which someone buys a widget sounds great <ulink " @@ -885,8 +885,8 @@ msgid "" "while surveillance capitalism rakes in infinitesimal penny fractions." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:690 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:688 msgid "" "Slot machines’ high returns mean that they can be profitable just by " "draining the fortunes of the small rump of people who are pathologically " @@ -904,21 +904,21 @@ msgid "" "every success." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:708 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><sect2><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:706 msgid "" "The vulnerability of small segments of the population to dramatic, efficient " "corporate manipulation is a real concern that’s worthy of our attention and " "energy. But it’s not an existential threat to society." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:715 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:713 msgid "If data is the new oil, then surveillance capitalism’s engine has a leak" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:718 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:716 msgid "" "This adaptation problem offers an explanation for one of surveillance " "capitalism’s most alarming traits: its relentless hunger for data and its " @@ -927,8 +927,8 @@ msgid "" "parties." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:725 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:723 msgid "" "Zuboff observes this phenomenon and concludes that data must be very " "valuable if surveillance capitalism is so hungry for it. (In her words: " @@ -944,15 +944,15 @@ msgid "" "just to stay in the same spot?" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:740 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:738 msgid "" "Of course, all of Big Tech’s persuasion techniques work in concert with one " "another, and collecting data is useful beyond mere behavioral trickery." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:745 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:743 msgid "" "If someone wants to recruit you to buy a refrigerator or join a pogrom, they " "might use profiling and targeting to send messages to people they judge to " @@ -967,8 +967,8 @@ msgid "" "someone like you." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:759 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:757 msgid "" "Each phase of this process benefits from surveillance: The more data they " "have, the more precisely they can profile you and target you with specific " @@ -977,8 +977,8 @@ msgid "" "rebate in April." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:766 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:764 msgid "" "Also, the more data they have, the better they can craft deceptive messages " "— if I know that you’re into genealogy, I might not try to feed you " @@ -987,8 +987,8 @@ msgid "" "replacement</quote> and the like." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:773 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:771 msgid "" "Facebook also helps you locate people who have the same odious or antisocial " "views as you. It makes it possible to find other people who want to carry " @@ -999,8 +999,8 @@ msgid "" "Earth is flat." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:783 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:781 msgid "" "There is one way in which targeted advertising uniquely benefits those " "advocating for socially unacceptable causes: It is invisible. Racism is " @@ -1015,8 +1015,8 @@ msgid "" "people who don’t want refrigerators, resulting in a lot of wasted expense." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:798 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:796 msgid "" "But even if you wanted to advertise your Nazi movement on a billboard or " "prime-time TV or the sports section, you would struggle to find anyone " @@ -1025,8 +1025,8 @@ msgid "" "damage, etc.) from other people who disagree with your views." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:806 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:804 msgid "" "Targeted ads solve this problem: On the internet, every ad unit can be " "different for every person, meaning that you can buy ads that are only shown " @@ -1038,8 +1038,8 @@ msgid "" "or billboard owner who might want to run a Nazi ad." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:817 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:815 msgid "" "Online ads are placed by algorithms that broker between a diverse ecosystem " "of self-serve ad platforms that anyone can buy an ad through, so the Nazi ad " @@ -1053,8 +1053,8 @@ msgid "" "publication and that the publication has no idea who its advertisers are." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:831 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:829 msgid "" "These layers of indirection between advertisers and publishers serve as " "moral buffers: Today’s moral consensus is largely that publishers shouldn’t " @@ -1063,16 +1063,16 @@ msgid "" "able to overcome significant barriers to organizing their movement." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:839 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:837 msgid "" "Data has a complex relationship with domination. Being able to spy on your " "customers can alert you to their preferences for your rivals and allow you " "to head off your rivals at the pass." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:844 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:842 msgid "" "More importantly, if you can dominate the information space while also " "gathering data, then you make other deceptive tactics stronger because it’s " @@ -1082,8 +1082,8 @@ msgid "" "domination deprives your target of an escape route." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:853 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:851 msgid "" "If you’re a Nazi who wants to ensure that your prospects primarily see " "deceptive, confirming information when they search for more, you can improve " @@ -1094,8 +1094,8 @@ msgid "" "search results." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:862 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:860 msgid "" "Surveillance capitalists are like stage mentalists who claim that their " "extraordinary insights into human behavior let them guess the word that you " @@ -1103,8 +1103,8 @@ msgid "" "cameras, sleight of hand, and brute-force memorization to amaze you." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:869 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:867 msgid "" "Or perhaps they’re more like pick-up artists, the misogynistic cult that " "promises to help awkward men have sex with women by teaching them " @@ -1114,8 +1114,8 @@ msgid "" "lower their self-esteem and prick their interest." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:877 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:875 msgid "" "Some pick-up artists eventually manage to convince women to go home with " "them, but it’s not because these men have figured out how to bypass women’s " @@ -1127,8 +1127,8 @@ msgid "" "soon as they could." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:888 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:886 msgid "" "Pick-up artists <emphasis>believe</emphasis> they have figured out a secret " "back door that bypasses women’s critical faculties, but they haven’t. Many " @@ -1138,8 +1138,8 @@ msgid "" "the men who use them as irredeemable losers." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:897 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:895 msgid "" "Pick-up artists are proof that people can believe they have developed a " "system of mind control <emphasis>even when it doesn’t " @@ -1158,8 +1158,8 @@ msgid "" "secrets of pick-up artistry." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:915 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:913 msgid "" "Department store pioneer John Wanamaker is said to have lamented, " "<quote>Half the money I spend on advertising is wasted; the trouble is I " @@ -1170,13 +1170,13 @@ msgid "" "at convincing the general public to buy their clients’ wares." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:925 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:923 msgid "What is Facebook?" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:927 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:925 msgid "" "Facebook is heralded as the origin of all of our modern plagues, and it’s " "not hard to see why. Some tech companies want to lock their users in but " @@ -1189,8 +1189,8 @@ msgid "" "users <emphasis>and</emphasis> spying on them all the time." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:939 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:937 msgid "" "Facebook’s surveillance regime is really without parallel in the Western " "world. Though Facebook tries to prevent itself from being visible on the " @@ -1204,15 +1204,15 @@ msgid "" "site — newspapers, dating sites, message boards — to Facebook." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:953 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><blockquote><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:951 msgid "" "Big Tech is able to practice surveillance not just because it is tech but " "because it is <emphasis>big</emphasis>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:958 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:956 msgid "" "Facebook offers similar tools to app developers, so the apps — games, fart " "machines, business review services, apps for keeping abreast of your kid’s " @@ -1225,8 +1225,8 @@ msgid "" "web." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:969 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:967 msgid "" "Though it’s easy to integrate the web with Facebook — linking to news " "stories and such — Facebook products are generally not available to be " @@ -1239,8 +1239,8 @@ msgid "" "of other services that you use." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:981 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:979 msgid "" "And Facebook is incredibly popular, with 2.3 billion claimed users (though " "many believe this figure to be inflated). Facebook has been used to organize " @@ -1252,15 +1252,15 @@ msgid "" "out to anyone with a few bucks to spend." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:992 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:990 msgid "" "To understand what role Facebook plays in the formulation and mobilization " "of antisocial movements, we need to understand the dual nature of Facebook." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:997 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:995 msgid "" "Because it has a lot of users and a lot of data about those users, Facebook " "is a very efficient tool for locating people with hard-to-find traits, the " @@ -1276,8 +1276,8 @@ msgid "" "fridge." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1012 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1010 msgid "" "Facebook makes finding people shopping for refrigerators a " "<emphasis>lot</emphasis> easier. It can target ads to people who’ve " @@ -1293,8 +1293,8 @@ msgid "" "be subjected to traditional, offline targeted refrigerator marketing." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1028 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1026 msgid "" "Facebook also makes it a lot easier to find people who have the same rare " "disease as you, which might have been impossible in earlier eras — the " @@ -1304,8 +1304,8 @@ msgid "" "the four corners of the Earth." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1036 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1034 msgid "" "Facebook also makes it much easier to find people who hold the same rare " "political beliefs as you. If you’ve always harbored a secret affinity for " @@ -1319,8 +1319,8 @@ msgid "" "people in your life." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1049 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1047 msgid "" "All of this presents a dilemma for Facebook: Targeting makes the company’s " "ads more effective than traditional ads, but it also lets advertisers see " @@ -1333,8 +1333,8 @@ msgid "" "every case." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1060 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1058 msgid "" "To make things worse, many Facebook groups spark precious little " "discussion. Your little-league soccer team, the people with the same rare " @@ -1344,8 +1344,8 @@ msgid "" "hockey-card collectors." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1068 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1066 msgid "" "With nothing but <quote>organic</quote> discussion, Facebook would not " "generate enough traffic to sell enough ads to make the money it needs to " @@ -1353,8 +1353,8 @@ msgid "" "sums to its investors." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1074 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1072 msgid "" "So Facebook has to gin up traffic by sidetracking its own forums: Every time " "Facebook’s algorithm injects controversial materials — inflammatory " @@ -1366,8 +1366,8 @@ msgid "" "figuring out things that people will get angry about." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1085 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1083 msgid "" "Facebook <emphasis>can</emphasis> modify our behavior but only in a couple " "of trivial ways. First, it can lock in all your friends and family members " @@ -1379,8 +1379,8 @@ msgid "" "control, and it can only really make us miserable, angry, and anxious." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1096 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1094 msgid "" "This is why Facebook’s targeting systems — both the ones it shows to " "advertisers and the ones that let users find people who share their " @@ -1391,8 +1391,8 @@ msgid "" "against being nonconsensually eyeball-fucked with Donald Trump headlines." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1106 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1104 msgid "" "The more time you spend on Facebook, the more ads it gets to show you. The " "solution to Facebook’s ads only working one in a thousand times is for the " @@ -1405,13 +1405,13 @@ msgid "" "it eventually shows you at least one ad that you respond to." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1118 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1116 msgid "Monopoly and the right to the future tense" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1120 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1118 msgid "" "Zuboff and her cohort are particularly alarmed at the extent to which " "surveillance allows corporations to influence our decisions, taking away " @@ -1419,8 +1419,8 @@ msgid "" "— that is, the right to decide for yourself what you will do in the future." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1127 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1125 msgid "" "It’s true that advertising can tip the scales one way or another: When " "you’re thinking of buying a fridge, a timely fridge ad might end the search " @@ -1432,8 +1432,8 @@ msgid "" "risks from their dreams coming true are very speculative." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1138 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1136 msgid "" "By contrast, Zuboff is rather sanguine about 40 years of lax antitrust " "practice that has allowed a handful of companies to dominate the internet, " @@ -1443,8 +1443,8 @@ msgid "" "screenshots of the other four." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1146 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1144 msgid "" "However, if we are to be alarmed that we might lose the right to choose for " "ourselves what our future will hold, then monopoly’s nonspeculative, " @@ -1452,8 +1452,8 @@ msgid "" "tech policy." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1152 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1150 msgid "" "Start with <quote>digital rights management.</quote> In 1998, Bill Clinton " "signed the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) into law. It’s a complex " @@ -1461,8 +1461,8 @@ msgid "" "Section 1201, the <quote>anti-circumvention</quote> rule." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1158 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1156 msgid "" "This is a blanket ban on tampering with systems that restrict access to " "copyrighted works. The ban is so thoroughgoing that it prohibits removing a " @@ -1472,8 +1472,8 @@ msgid "" "manufacturers’ commercial plans." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1166 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1164 msgid "" "For example, Section 1201’s first major application was on DVD players as a " "means of enforcing the region coding built into those devices. DVD-CCA, the " @@ -1486,8 +1486,8 @@ msgid "" "reject it." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1178 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1176 msgid "" "However, watching a lawfully produced disc in a country other than the one " "where you purchased it is not copyright infringement — it’s the " @@ -1497,8 +1497,8 @@ msgid "" "with one another." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1186 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1184 msgid "" "The fact that a movie studio wants to charge Indians less than Americans or " "release in Australia later than it releases in the U.K. has no bearing on " @@ -1506,8 +1506,8 @@ msgid "" "infringement to watch it no matter where you happen to be." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1193 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1191 msgid "" "So DVD and DVD player manufacturers would not be able to use accusations of " "abetting copyright infringement to punish manufacturers who made " @@ -1516,8 +1516,8 @@ msgid "" "programmers who created programs to let you do this." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1201 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1199 msgid "" "That’s where Section 1201 of the DMCA comes in: By banning tampering with an " "<quote>access control,</quote> the rule gave manufacturers and rights " @@ -1526,47 +1526,47 @@ msgid "" "players)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1208 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1206 msgid "" "This is an odious scam against consumers, but as time went by, Section 1201 " "grew to encompass a rapidly expanding constellation of devices and services " "as canny manufacturers have realized certain things:" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1216 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1214 msgid "" "Any device with software in it contains a <quote>copyrighted work</quote> — " "i.e., the software." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1222 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1220 msgid "" "A device can be designed so that reconfiguring the software requires " "bypassing an <quote>access control for copyrighted works,</quote> which is a " "potential felony under Section 1201." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1229 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1227 msgid "" "Thus, companies can control their customers’ behavior after they take home " "their purchases by designing products so that all unpermitted uses require " "modifications that fall afoul of Section 1201." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1237 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1235 msgid "" "Section 1201 then becomes a means for manufacturers of all descriptions to " "force their customers to arrange their affairs to benefit the manufacturers’ " "shareholders instead of themselves." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1242 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1240 msgid "" "This manifests in many ways: from a new generation of inkjet printers that " "use countermeasures to prevent third-party ink that cannot be bypassed " @@ -1576,8 +1576,8 @@ msgid "" "manufacturer’s unlock code." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1251 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1249 msgid "" "Closer to home, Apple’s iPhones use these measures to prevent both " "third-party service and third-party software installation. This allows Apple " @@ -1590,8 +1590,8 @@ msgid "" "to hold onto their phones for longer rather than replacing them." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1264 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1262 msgid "" "Apple’s use of copyright locks also allows it to establish a monopoly over " "how its customers acquire software for their mobile devices. The App Store’s " @@ -1602,8 +1602,8 @@ msgid "" "either charge more or accept lower profits for their products." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1274 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1272 msgid "" "Crucially, Apple’s use of copyright locks gives it the power to make " "editorial decisions about which apps you may and may not install on your own " @@ -1618,8 +1618,8 @@ msgid "" "to a game</ulink> that commented on the Israel-Palestine conflict." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1287 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1285 msgid "" "Apple often justifies monopoly power over software installation in the name " "of security, arguing that its vetting of apps for its store means that it " @@ -1634,8 +1634,8 @@ msgid "" "VPNs that would protect them from Chinese state snooping." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1301 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1299 msgid "" "Zuboff calls surveillance capitalism a <quote>rogue capitalism.</quote> " "Theoreticians of capitalism claim that its virtue is that it <ulink " @@ -1648,8 +1648,8 @@ msgid "" "capitalism’s mind-control rays." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1312 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1310 msgid "" "If our concern is that markets cease to function when consumers can no " "longer make choices, then copyright locks should concern us at " @@ -1660,13 +1660,13 @@ msgid "" "it." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1321 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1319 msgid "Search order and the right to the future tense" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1323 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1321 msgid "" "Markets are posed as a kind of magic: By discovering otherwise hidden " "information conveyed by the free choices of consumers, those consumers’ " @@ -1679,8 +1679,8 @@ msgid "" "election whose candidates are chosen by the monopolist." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1335 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1333 msgid "" "This ballot rigging is made more pernicious by the existence of monopolies " "over search order. Google’s search market share is about 90%. When Google’s " @@ -1693,8 +1693,8 @@ msgid "" "millions will come away convinced that vaccines are dangerous." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1347 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1345 msgid "" "Google’s algorithm is often tricked into serving disinformation as a " "prominent search result. But in these cases, Google isn’t persuading people " @@ -1702,8 +1702,8 @@ msgid "" "the user has no cause to doubt it." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1353 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1351 msgid "" "This is true whether the search is for <quote>Are vaccines " "dangerous?</quote> or <quote>best restaurants near me.</quote> Most users " @@ -1716,8 +1716,8 @@ msgid "" "techniques." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1364 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1362 msgid "" "Many of the questions we ask search engines have no empirically correct " "answers: <quote>Where should I eat dinner?</quote> is not an objective " @@ -1730,8 +1730,8 @@ msgid "" "place." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1375 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1373 msgid "" "Google’s search dominance isn’t a matter of pure merit: The company has " "leveraged many tactics that would have been prohibited under classical, " @@ -1747,8 +1747,8 @@ msgid "" "that competed with the shippers whose freight they carried." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1391 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1389 msgid "" "If we’re worried about giant companies subverting markets by stripping " "consumers of their ability to make free choices, then vigorous antitrust " @@ -1759,8 +1759,8 @@ msgid "" "would not have such an outsized effect on consumer choice." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1401 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1399 msgid "" "This goes for many other companies. Amazon, a classic surveillance " "capitalist, is obviously the dominant tool for searching Amazon — though " @@ -1776,8 +1776,8 @@ msgid "" "ability to shape markets by making informed choices." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1416 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1414 msgid "" "Not every monopolist is a surveillance capitalist, but that doesn’t mean " "they’re not able to shape consumer choices in wide-ranging ways. Zuboff " @@ -1792,8 +1792,8 @@ msgid "" "free-market researchers, then forcing them out of any markets they discover." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1431 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1429 msgid "" "Because of its use of copyright locks, Apple’s mobile customers are not " "legally allowed to switch to a rival retailer for its apps if they want to " @@ -1806,13 +1806,13 @@ msgid "" "by surveillance capitalism’s ad-serving bots." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1443 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1441 msgid "Monopolists can afford sleeping pills for watchdogs" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1445 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1443 msgid "" "Only the most extreme market ideologues think that markets can self-regulate " "without state oversight. Markets need watchdogs — regulators, lawmakers, and " @@ -1823,8 +1823,8 @@ msgid "" "holding them to account." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1455 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1453 msgid "" "But this kind of regulatory capture doesn’t come cheap. In competitive " "sectors, where rivals are constantly eroding one another’s margins, " @@ -1832,8 +1832,8 @@ msgid "" "regulations that serve their ends." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1461 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1459 msgid "" "Many of the harms of surveillance capitalism are the result of weak or " "nonexistent regulation. Those regulatory vacuums spring from the power of " @@ -1841,8 +1841,8 @@ msgid "" "exists to permit their existing businesses." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1467 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1465 msgid "" "Here’s an example: When firms over-collect and over-retain our data, they " "are at increased risk of suffering a breach — you can’t leak data you never " @@ -1852,15 +1852,15 @@ msgid "" "data breached and the sensitivity of that data." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1476 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1474 msgid "" "But still, firms continue to over-collect and over-retain our data for three " "reasons:" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1480 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1478 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">1. They are locked in the aforementioned limbic " "arms race with our capacity to shore up our attentional defense systems to " @@ -1873,8 +1873,8 @@ msgid "" "inured to the pitch." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1492 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1490 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">2. They believe the surveillance capitalism " "story.</emphasis> Data is cheap to aggregate and store, and both proponents " @@ -1888,8 +1888,8 @@ msgid "" "else at an even greater price." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1505 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1503 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">3. The penalties for leaking data are " "negligible.</emphasis> Most countries limit these penalties to actual " @@ -1901,8 +1901,8 @@ msgid "" "largely ineffectual credit-monitoring service." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1516 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1514 msgid "" "But the harms from breaches are much more extensive than these " "actual-damages rules capture. Identity thieves and fraudsters are wily and " @@ -1914,8 +1914,8 @@ msgid "" "these future harms." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1526 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1524 msgid "" "However, even the most ambitious privacy rules, such as the EU General Data " "Protection Regulation, fall far short of capturing the negative " @@ -1924,8 +1924,8 @@ msgid "" "pursued by regulators." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1533 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1531 msgid "" "This tolerance of — or indifference to — data over-collection and " "over-retention can be ascribed in part to the sheer lobbying muscle of the " @@ -1934,8 +1934,8 @@ msgid "" "them to internalize the costs of their surveillance activities." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1541 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1539 msgid "" "And then there’s state surveillance, which the surveillance capitalism story " "dismisses as a relic of another era when the big worry was being jailed for " @@ -1943,8 +1943,8 @@ msgid "" "learning." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1547 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1545 msgid "" "But state surveillance and private surveillance are intimately related. As " "we saw when Apple was conscripted by the Chinese government as a vital " @@ -1954,8 +1954,8 @@ msgid "" "services." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1555 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1553 msgid "" "Whether it’s Google being used as a location tracking tool by local law " "enforcement across the U.S. or the use of social media tracking by the " @@ -1973,8 +1973,8 @@ msgid "" "surveillance without mass commercial surveillance." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1573 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1571 msgid "" "Monopolism is key to the project of mass state surveillance. It’s true that " "smaller tech firms are apt to be less well-defended than Big Tech, whose " @@ -1985,8 +1985,8 @@ msgid "" "time by state actors." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1582 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1580 msgid "" "A concentrated tech sector that works with authorities is a much more " "powerful ally in the project of mass state surveillance than a fragmented " @@ -2001,8 +2001,8 @@ msgid "" "government relations departments." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1596 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1594 msgid "" "They can even make a good case for doing this: After all, when there are " "only four or five big companies in an industry, everyone qualified to " @@ -2012,15 +2012,15 @@ msgid "" "at one of the other ones." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1605 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><blockquote><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1603 msgid "" "While surveillance doesn’t cause monopolies, monopolies certainly abet " "surveillance." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1610 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1608 msgid "" "Industries that are competitive are fragmented — composed of companies that " "are at each other’s throats all the time and eroding one another’s margins " @@ -2030,8 +2030,8 @@ msgid "" "a whole." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1618 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1616 msgid "" "Surveillance combined with machine learning is supposed to be an existential " "crisis, a species-defining moment at which our free will is just a few more " @@ -2040,13 +2040,13 @@ msgid "" "threat to our society and possibly our species." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1626 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1624 msgid "But that threat grows out of monopoly." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1629 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1627 msgid "" "One of the consequences of tech’s regulatory capture is that it can shift " "liability for poor security decisions onto its customers and the wider " @@ -2056,8 +2056,8 @@ msgid "" "products." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1637 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1635 msgid "" "IT is the only field in which this is practiced: No one builds a bridge or a " "hospital and keeps the composition of the steel or the equations used to " @@ -2067,8 +2067,8 @@ msgid "" "are deployed in the field and put into sensitive places." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1646 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1644 msgid "" "The monopoly power that keeps any meaningful consequences for breaches at " "bay means that tech companies continue to build terrible products that are " @@ -2079,8 +2079,8 @@ msgid "" "decisions have been seriously punished in the market." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1656 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1654 msgid "" "These bad security decisions are compounded yet again by the use of " "copyright locks to enforce business-model decisions against " @@ -2090,8 +2090,8 @@ msgid "" "property." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1664 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1662 msgid "" "Recall also that these copyright locks are backstopped by legislation (such " "as Section 1201 of the DMCA or Article 6 of the 2001 EU Copyright Directive) " @@ -2100,8 +2100,8 @@ msgid "" "disclosures about vulnerabilities without permission from manufacturers." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1672 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1670 msgid "" "This amounts to a manufacturer’s veto over safety warnings and " "criticism. While this is far from the legislative intent of the DMCA and its " @@ -2110,8 +2110,8 @@ msgid "" "powerful, large firms whose lobbying muscle is unstoppable." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1680 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1678 msgid "" "Copyright locks are a double whammy: They create bad security decisions that " "can’t be freely investigated or discussed. If markets are supposed to be " @@ -2123,8 +2123,8 @@ msgid "" "capitalism’s influence campaigns." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1690 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1688 msgid "" "And unlike mind-control rays, enforced silence over security is an " "immediate, documented problem, and it <emphasis>does</emphasis> constitute " @@ -2135,8 +2135,8 @@ msgid "" "of technology debt." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1699 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1697 msgid "" "In software design, <quote>technology debt</quote> refers to old, baked-in " "decisions that turn out to be bad ones in hindsight. Perhaps a long-ago " @@ -2154,8 +2154,8 @@ msgid "" "up and <quote>pay off the debt</quote> once and for all." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1717 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1715 msgid "" "Typically, technology debt results in a technological bankruptcy: The " "product gets so brittle and unsustainable that it fails " @@ -2167,8 +2167,8 @@ msgid "" "house due to bankruptcy is scary and traumatic." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1728 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1726 msgid "" "But the technology debt created by copyright locks isn’t individual debt; " "it’s systemic. Everyone in the world is exposed to this over-leverage, as " @@ -2180,13 +2180,13 @@ msgid "" "unauditable copyright locks — it will indeed pose an existential risk." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1740 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1738 msgid "Privacy and monopoly" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1742 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1740 msgid "" "Many tech companies are gripped by an orthodoxy that holds that if they just " "gather enough data on enough of our activities, everything else is possible " @@ -2199,8 +2199,8 @@ msgid "" "once more data is in hand." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1754 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1752 msgid "" "Surveillance tech is far from the first industry to embrace a nonsensical, " "self-serving belief that harms the rest of the world, and it is not the " @@ -2213,16 +2213,16 @@ msgid "" "formerly respectable titans of discredited industries." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1766 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1764 msgid "" "This is not to say that there’s nothing wrong with Big Tech and its " "ideological addiction to data. While surveillance’s benefits are mostly " "overstated, its harms are, if anything, <emphasis>understated</emphasis>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1772 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1770 msgid "" "There’s real irony here. The belief in surveillance capitalism as a " "<quote>rogue capitalism</quote> is driven by the belief that markets " @@ -2231,8 +2231,8 @@ msgid "" "digging dry wells after all." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1779 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1777 msgid "" "But monopolists get to do terrible things for a long time before they pay " "the price. Think of how concentration in the finance sector allowed the " @@ -2248,8 +2248,8 @@ msgid "" "2008, bringing home more profits and paying their execs even larger sums." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1794 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1792 msgid "" "Big Tech is able to practice surveillance not just because it is tech but " "because it is <emphasis>big</emphasis>. The reason every web publisher " @@ -2259,8 +2259,8 @@ msgid "" "contains them (see also: Google Analytics embeds, Twitter buttons, etc.)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1803 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1801 msgid "" "The reason the world’s governments have been slow to create meaningful " "penalties for privacy breaches is that Big Tech’s concentration produces " @@ -2269,15 +2269,15 @@ msgid "" "a unified negotiating position that supercharges the lobbying." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1811 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1809 msgid "" "The reason that the smartest engineers in the world want to work for Big " "Tech is that Big Tech commands the lion’s share of tech industry jobs." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1816 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1814 msgid "" "The reason people who are aghast at Facebook’s and Google’s and Amazon’s " "data-handling practices continue to use these services is that all their " @@ -2285,8 +2285,8 @@ msgid "" "local merchants out of business." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1822 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1820 msgid "" "Competitive markets would weaken the companies’ lobbying muscle by reducing " "their profits and pitting them against each other in regulatory forums. It " @@ -2298,20 +2298,20 @@ msgid "" "and make the case against Facebook and Google and Twitter embeds." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1833 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1831 msgid "" "In other words, while surveillance doesn’t cause monopolies, monopolies " "certainly abet surveillance." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1837 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1835 msgid "Ronald Reagan, pioneer of tech monopolism" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1839 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1837 msgid "" "Technology exceptionalism is a sin, whether it’s practiced by technology’s " "blind proponents or by its critics. Both of these camps are prone to " @@ -2324,8 +2324,8 @@ msgid "" "to break up the monopolies." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1851 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1849 msgid "" "To understand how tech became so monopolistic, it’s useful to look at the " "dawn of the consumer tech industry: 1979, the year the Apple II Plus " @@ -2338,8 +2338,8 @@ msgid "" "enact similar reforms that eventually spread around the world." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1863 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1861 msgid "" "Antitrust’s story began nearly a century before all that with laws like the " "Sherman Act, which took aim at monopolists on the grounds that monopolies " @@ -2350,8 +2350,8 @@ msgid "" "away with a host of evils." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1872 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1870 msgid "" "Then came a fabulist named Robert Bork, a former solicitor general who " "Reagan appointed to the powerful U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit " @@ -2363,8 +2363,8 @@ msgid "" "higher prices." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1882 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1880 msgid "" "Bork was a crank, but he was a crank with a theory that rich people really " "liked. Monopolies are a great way to make rich people richer by allowing " @@ -2374,8 +2374,8 @@ msgid "" "environment, and workers." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1890 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1888 msgid "" "Bork’s theories were especially palatable to the same power brokers who " "backed Reagan, and Reagan’s Department of Justice and other agencies began " @@ -2386,8 +2386,8 @@ msgid "" "political performance)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1899 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1897 msgid "" "Little by little, Bork’s theories entered the mainstream, and their backers " "began to infiltrate the legal education field, even putting on junkets where " @@ -2398,8 +2398,8 @@ msgid "" "disposal to lobby for even more Borkian antitrust influence campaigns." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1909 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1907 msgid "" "The history of Bork’s antitrust theories is a really good example of the " "kind of covertly engineered shifts in public opinion that Zuboff warns us " @@ -2412,8 +2412,8 @@ msgid "" "coherent ideology that elevated inequality to a virtue." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1921 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1919 msgid "" "Today, many fear that machine learning allows surveillance capitalism to " "sell <quote>Bork-as-a-Service,</quote> at internet speeds, so that you can " @@ -2427,8 +2427,8 @@ msgid "" "sales literature." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1934 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1932 msgid "" "The idea that tech forms <quote>natural monopolies</quote> (monopolies that " "are the inevitable result of the realities of an industry, such as the " @@ -2442,8 +2442,8 @@ msgid "" "funeral at a time)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1946 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1944 msgid "" "Indeed, the birth of the web saw a mass-extinction event for the existing " "giant, wildly profitable proprietary technologies that had capital, network " @@ -2458,8 +2458,8 @@ msgid "" "wrong and ended up being absorbed into the public web." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1960 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1958 msgid "" "Yes, tech is heavily monopolized and is now closely associated with industry " "concentration, but this has more to do with a matter of timing than its " @@ -2472,8 +2472,8 @@ msgid "" "so on." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1972 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1970 msgid "" "In support of this thesis, I offer the concentration that every " "<emphasis>other</emphasis> industry has undergone over the same period. From " @@ -2489,8 +2489,8 @@ msgid "" "but are not any longer." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1987 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1985 msgid "" "Again: When you change the laws intended to prevent monopolies and then " "monopolies form in exactly the way the law was supposed to prevent, it is " @@ -2504,13 +2504,13 @@ msgid "" "capitalism intact." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1999 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1997 msgid "Steering with the windshield wipers" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2001 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:1999 msgid "" "It’s been 40 years since Bork’s project to rehabilitate monopolies achieved " "liftoff, and that is a generation and a half, which is plenty of time to " @@ -2521,8 +2521,8 @@ msgid "" "amazement and find it hard to imagine a time when pink connoted masculinity." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2011 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2009 msgid "" "After 40 years of studiously ignoring antitrust analysis and enforcement, " "it’s not surprising that we’ve all but forgotten that antitrust exists, that " @@ -2531,8 +2531,8 @@ msgid "" "integration could land a company in court." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2019 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2017 msgid "" "Antitrust is a market society’s steering wheel, the control of first resort " "to keep would-be masters of the universe in their lanes. But Bork and his " @@ -2544,8 +2544,8 @@ msgid "" "heading before we careen off a cliff." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2029 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2027 msgid "" "It’s like a 1960s science-fiction plot come to life: People stuck in a " "<quote>generation ship,</quote> plying its way across the stars, a ship once " @@ -2556,13 +2556,13 @@ msgid "" "correction, we’re all headed for a fiery death in the heart of a sun." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2039 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2037 msgid "Surveillance still matters" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2041 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2039 msgid "" "None of this is to minimize the problems with surveillance. Surveillance " "matters, and Big Tech’s use of surveillance <emphasis>is</emphasis> an " @@ -2570,8 +2570,8 @@ msgid "" "machine learning rob us of our free will." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2048 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2046 msgid "" "Surveillance has become <emphasis>much</emphasis> more efficient thanks to " "Big Tech. In 1989, the Stasi — the East German secret police — had the whole " @@ -2579,8 +2579,8 @@ msgid "" "every 60 people to serve as an informant or intelligence operative." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2055 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2053 msgid "" "Today, we know that the NSA is spying on a significant fraction of the " "entire world’s population, and its ratio of surveillance operatives to the " @@ -2590,8 +2590,8 @@ msgid "" "involved in NSA spying, but it’s definitely not all of them)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2064 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2062 msgid "" "How did the ratio of surveillable citizens expand from 1:60 to 1:10,000 in " "less than 30 years? It’s thanks to Big Tech. Our devices and services gather " @@ -2612,8 +2612,8 @@ msgid "" "the cost of 9,999 false positives." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2085 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2083 msgid "" "Let me explain that again: If one in a million people is a terrorist, then " "there will only be about one terrorist in a random sample of one million " @@ -2622,8 +2622,8 @@ msgid "" "is 10,000). For every true positive, you’ll get 9,999 false positives." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2093 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2091 msgid "" "In reality, the accuracy of algorithmic terrorism detection falls far short " "of the 99% mark, as does refrigerator ad targeting. The difference is that " @@ -2632,8 +2632,8 @@ msgid "" "the lives of everyone you love." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2100 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2098 msgid "" "Mass state surveillance is only feasible because of surveillance capitalism " "and its extremely low-yield ad-targeting systems, which require a constant " @@ -2643,8 +2643,8 @@ msgid "" "totalitarianism." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2108 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2106 msgid "" "State surveillance is no mere parasite on Big Tech, sucking up its data and " "giving nothing in return. In truth, the two are symbiotes: Big Tech sucks up " @@ -2654,8 +2654,8 @@ msgid "" "and surveillance capitalism; they are dependent on one another." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2117 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2115 msgid "" "To see this at work today, look no further than Amazon’s home surveillance " "device, the Ring doorbell, and its associated app, Neighbors. Ring — a " @@ -2671,8 +2671,8 @@ msgid "" "off-the-books arm of the police without any of the pesky oversight or rules." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2133 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2131 msgid "" "In mid-2019, a series of public records requests revealed that Amazon had " "struck confidential deals with more than 400 local law enforcement agencies " @@ -2685,8 +2685,8 @@ msgid "" "the footage from the company, which it will then produce." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2145 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2143 msgid "" "Ring and law enforcement have found many ways to intertwine their " "activities. Ring strikes secret deals to acquire real-time access to 911 " @@ -2695,8 +2695,8 @@ msgid "" "but isn’t sure whether their neighborhood is dangerous enough to warrant it." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2153 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2151 msgid "" "The more the cops buzz-market the surveillance capitalist Ring, the more " "surveillance capability the state gets. Cops who rely on private entities " @@ -2708,29 +2708,29 @@ msgid "" "rely on them." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2164 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2162 msgid "Dignity and sanctuary" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2166 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2164 msgid "" "But even if we could exercise democratic control over our states and force " "them to stop raiding surveillance capitalism’s reservoirs of behavioral " "data, surveillance capitalism would still harm us." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2171 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2169 msgid "" "This is an area where Zuboff shines. Her chapter on <quote>sanctuary</quote> " "— the feeling of being unobserved — is a beautiful hymn to introspection, " "calmness, mindfulness, and tranquility." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2176 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2174 msgid "" "When you are watched, something changes. Anyone who has ever raised a child " "knows this. You might look up from your book (or more realistically, from " @@ -2747,8 +2747,8 @@ msgid "" "parent." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2192 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2190 msgid "" "In the digital age, our authentic selves are inextricably tied to our " "digital lives. Your search history is a running ledger of the questions " @@ -2757,15 +2757,15 @@ msgid "" "the different facets of your identity, the people you’ve connected with." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2200 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2198 msgid "" "To be observed in these activities is to lose the sanctuary of your " "authentic self." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2204 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2202 msgid "" "There’s another way in which surveillance capitalism robs us of our capacity " "to be our authentic selves: by making us anxious. Surveillance capitalism " @@ -2777,8 +2777,8 @@ msgid "" "systems never quite become inured to it." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2215 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2213 msgid "" "Our devices and services are <quote>general purpose</quote> in that they can " "connect anything or anyone to anything or anyone else and that they can run " @@ -2790,8 +2790,8 @@ msgid "" "recruiting messages from Nazis." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2225 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2223 msgid "" "All day and all night, our pockets buzz, shattering our concentration and " "tearing apart the fragile webs of connection we spin as we think through " @@ -2801,13 +2801,13 @@ msgid "" "the Geneva Conventions</ulink>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2234 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2232 msgid "Afflicting the afflicted" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2236 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2234 msgid "" "The effects of surveillance on our ability to be our authentic selves are " "not equal for all people. Some of us are lucky enough to live in a time and " @@ -2816,8 +2816,8 @@ msgid "" "of social consequence." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2243 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2241 msgid "" "But for many of us, this is not true. Recall that in living memory, many of " "the ways of being that we think of as socially acceptable today were once " @@ -2828,16 +2828,16 @@ msgid "" "different color than their own, or for smoking weed." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2253 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2251 msgid "" "Today, these activities aren’t just decriminalized in much of the world, " "they’re considered normal, and the fallen prohibitions are viewed as " "shameful, regrettable relics of the past." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2258 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2256 msgid "" "How did we get from prohibition to normalization? Through private, personal " "activity: People who were secretly gay or secret pot-smokers or who secretly " @@ -2851,8 +2851,8 @@ msgid "" "their cause one conversation at a time." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2271 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2269 msgid "" "The right to choose the time and manner of these conversations was key to " "their success. It’s one thing to come out to your dad while you’re on a " @@ -2861,8 +2861,8 @@ msgid "" "make a scene." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2278 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2276 msgid "" "Without a private sphere, there’s a chance that none of these changes would " "have come to pass and that the people who benefited from these changes would " @@ -2870,8 +2870,8 @@ msgid "" "have never been able to reveal their true selves to the people they love." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2285 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2283 msgid "" "The corollary is that, unless you think that our society has attained social " "perfection — that your grandchildren in 50 years will ask you to tell them " @@ -2884,18 +2884,18 @@ msgid "" "sorrow will be the falsity of their relationship to you." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2297 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2295 msgid "A private realm is necessary for human progress." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2300 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2298 msgid "Any data you collect and retain will eventually leak" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2302 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2300 msgid "" "The lack of a private life can rob vulnerable people of the chance to be " "their authentic selves and constrain our actions by depriving us of " @@ -2903,8 +2903,8 @@ msgid "" "people with a secret: crime." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2308 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2306 msgid "" "Personally identifying information is of very limited use for the purpose of " "controlling peoples’ minds, but identity theft — really a catchall term for " @@ -2913,8 +2913,8 @@ msgid "" "expose you to physical danger — thrives on it." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2316 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2314 msgid "" "Attackers are not limited to using data from one breached source, " "either. Multiple services have suffered breaches that exposed names, " @@ -2927,8 +2927,8 @@ msgid "" "use different parts of the data for different criminal purposes." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2328 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2326 msgid "" "For example, attackers can use leaked username and password combinations to " "hijack whole fleets of commercial vehicles that <ulink " @@ -2942,16 +2942,16 @@ msgid "" "take over your email, bank account, and/or cryptocurrency wallets." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2341 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2339 msgid "" "Attackers are endlessly inventive in the pursuit of creative ways to " "weaponize leaked data. One common use of leaked data is to penetrate " "companies in order to access <emphasis>more</emphasis> data." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2346 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2344 msgid "" "Like spies, online fraudsters are totally dependent on companies " "over-collecting and over-retaining our data. Spy agencies sometimes pay " @@ -2961,8 +2961,8 @@ msgid "" "of companies’ databases</ulink>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2354 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2352 msgid "" "The over-collection of data has a host of terrible social consequences, from " "the erosion of our authentic selves to the undermining of social progress, " @@ -2971,13 +2971,13 @@ msgid "" "that’s the least of our troubles." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2362 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2360 msgid "Critical tech exceptionalism is still tech exceptionalism" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2365 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2363 msgid "" "Big Tech has long practiced technology exceptionalism: the idea that it " "should not be subject to the mundane laws and norms of " @@ -2986,15 +2986,15 @@ msgid "" "rhetoric." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2371 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2369 msgid "" "Tech exceptionalism got us all into a lot of trouble, so it’s ironic and " "distressing to see Big Tech’s critics committing the same sin." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2375 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2373 msgid "" "Big Tech is not a <quote>rogue capitalism</quote> that cannot be cured " "through the traditional anti-monopoly remedies of trustbusting (forcing " @@ -3006,16 +3006,16 @@ msgid "" "ditching our old toolbox." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2385 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2383 msgid "" "The thing is, people have been claiming to have perfected mind-control rays " "for centuries, and every time, it turned out to be a con — though sometimes " "the con artists were also conning themselves." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2391 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2389 msgid "" "For generations, the advertising industry has been steadily improving its " "ability to sell advertising services to businesses while only making " @@ -3026,8 +3026,8 @@ msgid "" "that only half of the money he spent went to waste." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2401 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2399 msgid "" "The tech industry has made enormous improvements in the science of " "convincing businesses that they’re good at advertising while their actual " @@ -3040,8 +3040,8 @@ msgid "" "and underdelivering." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2413 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2411 msgid "" "It’s tempting to think that if businesses are willing to pour billions into " "a venture that the venture must be a good one. Yet there are plenty of times " @@ -3056,8 +3056,8 @@ msgid "" "accumulation, not a sign that managed funds are a good buy." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2427 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2425 msgid "" "The claims of Big Tech’s mind-control system are full of tells that the " "enterprise is a con. For example, <ulink " @@ -3070,8 +3070,8 @@ msgid "" "the realm of marketing hucksters and pop psych</ulink>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2437 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2435 msgid "" "Big Tech’s promotional materials also claim that their algorithms can " "accurately perform <quote>sentiment analysis</quote> or detect peoples’ " @@ -3086,8 +3086,8 @@ msgid "" "been shown</ulink> to underperform relative to random chance." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2450 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2448 msgid "" "Big Tech has been so good at marketing its own supposed superpowers that " "it’s easy to believe that they can market everything else with similar " @@ -3100,8 +3100,8 @@ msgid "" "its machine-learning fueled persuasion systems work." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2462 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2460 msgid "" "That skepticism should infuse all of our evaluations of Big Tech and its " "supposed abilities, including our perusal of its patents. Zuboff vests these " @@ -3113,8 +3113,8 @@ msgid "" "invitation to exaggeration." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2472 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2470 msgid "" "Patent applications take the form of a series of claims and range from broad " "to narrow. A typical patent starts out by claiming that its authors have " @@ -3130,8 +3130,8 @@ msgid "" "lengthy, expensive process of contesting it." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2487 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2485 msgid "" "What’s more, software patents are routinely granted even though the filer " "doesn’t have any evidence that they can do the thing claimed by the " @@ -3139,8 +3139,8 @@ msgid "" "actually made and that you don’t know how to make." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2493 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2491 msgid "" "With these considerations in hand, it becomes obvious that the fact that a " "Big Tech company has patented what it <emphasis>says</emphasis> is an " @@ -3148,8 +3148,8 @@ msgid "" "fact control our minds." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2500 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2498 msgid "" "Big Tech collects our data for many reasons, including the diminishing " "returns on existing stores of data. But many tech companies also collect " @@ -3160,8 +3160,8 @@ msgid "" "put to use after the first doubles the number of possible fax-to-fax links." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2510 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2508 msgid "" "Data mined for predictive systems doesn’t necessarily produce these " "dividends. Think of Netflix: The predictive value of the data mined from a " @@ -3173,8 +3173,8 @@ msgid "" "labeling and validating data do not get cheaper at scale." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2521 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2519 msgid "" "Businesses pursue fads to the detriment of their profits all the time, " "especially when the businesses and their investors are not motivated by the " @@ -3185,8 +3185,8 @@ msgid "" "quantity of data.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2530 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2528 msgid "" "This is another harm of tech exceptionalism: The belief that more data " "always produces more profits in the form of more insights that can be " @@ -3201,15 +3201,15 @@ msgid "" "spend not one penny more than is necessary on protecting data." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2544 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2542 msgid "" "How monopolies, not mind control, drive surveillance capitalism: The " "Snapchat story" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2547 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2545 msgid "" "For the first decade of its existence, Facebook competed with the social " "media giants of the day (Myspace, Orkut, etc.) by presenting itself as the " @@ -3220,8 +3220,8 @@ msgid "" "social media wars like Myspace." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2557 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2555 msgid "" "Despite frequent promises that it would never collect or analyze its users’ " "data, Facebook periodically created initiatives that did just that, like the " @@ -3234,8 +3234,8 @@ msgid "" "Facebook following the launch of the new product or service." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2569 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2567 msgid "" "The pace at which Facebook ramped up its surveillance efforts seems to have " "been set by Facebook’s competitive landscape. The more competitors Facebook " @@ -3245,8 +3245,8 @@ msgid "" "markedly worse</ulink>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2577 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2575 msgid "" "All the while, Facebook was prodigiously acquiring companies, including a " "company called Onavo. Nominally, Onavo made a battery-monitoring mobile " @@ -3255,8 +3255,8 @@ msgid "" "phones, including which apps they used and how they were using them." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2585 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2583 msgid "" "Through Onavo, Facebook discovered that it was losing market share to " "Snapchat, an app that — like Facebook a decade before — billed itself as the " @@ -3269,8 +3269,8 @@ msgid "" "pressures it had earlier inflicted on Myspace and Orkut." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2597 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2595 msgid "" "The story of how Facebook crushed Snapchat reveals the relationship between " "monopoly and surveillance capitalism. Facebook combined surveillance with " @@ -3283,13 +3283,13 @@ msgid "" "that competes on privacy features." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2609 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2607 msgid "A monopoly over your friends" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2611 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2609 msgid "" "A decentralization movement has tried to erode the dominance of Facebook and " "other Big Tech companies by fielding <quote>indieweb</quote> alternatives — " @@ -3297,8 +3297,8 @@ msgid "" "etc. — but these efforts have failed to attain any kind of liftoff." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2618 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2616 msgid "" "Fundamentally, each of these services is hamstrung by the same problem: " "Every potential user for a Facebook or Twitter alternative has to convince " @@ -3309,16 +3309,16 @@ msgid "" "<emphasis>we</emphasis> have Facebook accounts." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2628 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2626 msgid "" "All of this has conspired to make Facebook — and other dominant platforms — " "into <quote>kill zones</quote> that investors will not fund new entrants " "for." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2633 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2631 msgid "" "And yet, all of today’s tech giants came into existence despite the " "entrenched advantage of the companies that came before them. To understand " @@ -3326,13 +3326,13 @@ msgid "" "adversarial interoperability." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2640 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><blockquote><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2638 msgid "The hard problem of our species is coordination." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2644 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2642 msgid "" "<quote>Interoperability</quote> is the ability of two technologies to work " "with one another: Anyone can make an LP that will play on any record player, " @@ -3343,8 +3343,8 @@ msgid "" "toast in your toaster." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2653 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2651 msgid "" "Interoperability is often a source of innovation and consumer benefit: Apple " "made the first commercially successful PC, but millions of independent " @@ -3360,8 +3360,8 @@ msgid "" "the way for the internet revolution." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2668 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2666 msgid "" "<quote>Interoperability</quote> is often used interchangeably with " "<quote>standardization,</quote> which is the process when manufacturers and " @@ -3371,8 +3371,8 @@ msgid "" "interprets." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2676 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2674 msgid "" "But interoperability doesn’t require standardization — indeed, " "standardization often proceeds from the chaos of ad hoc interoperability " @@ -3385,8 +3385,8 @@ msgid "" "interoperability.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2687 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2685 msgid "" "Beyond neutral interoperability, there is <quote>adversarial " "interoperability.</quote> That’s when a manufacturer makes a product that " @@ -3395,8 +3395,8 @@ msgid "" "bypassing a security system designed to prevent interoperability</emphasis>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2695 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2693 msgid "" "Probably the most familiar form of adversarial interoperability is " "third-party printer ink. Printer manufacturers claim that they sell printers " @@ -3407,8 +3407,8 @@ msgid "" "cartridges." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2704 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2702 msgid "" "Owners of printers take the position that HP and Epson and Brother are not " "charities and that customers for their wares have no obligation to help them " @@ -3422,8 +3422,8 @@ msgid "" "printer companies?" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2717 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2715 msgid "" "Adversarial interoperability has played an outsized role in the history of " "the tech industry: from the founding of the <quote>alt.*</quote> Usenet " @@ -3438,8 +3438,8 @@ msgid "" "Facebook-based Myspace reader)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2731 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2729 msgid "" "Today, incumbency is seen as an unassailable advantage. Facebook is where " "all of your friends are, so no one can start a Facebook competitor. But " @@ -3455,8 +3455,8 @@ msgid "" "better treatment." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2746 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2744 msgid "" "Adversarial interoperability was once the norm and a key contributor to the " "dynamic, vibrant tech scene, but now it is stuck behind a thicket of laws " @@ -3467,8 +3467,8 @@ msgid "" "interference, and patent." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2756 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2754 msgid "" "In the absence of a competitive market, lawmakers have resorted to assigning " "expensive, state-like duties to Big Tech firms, such as automatically " @@ -3477,16 +3477,16 @@ msgid "" "controlling access to sexual material." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2764 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2762 msgid "" "These measures put a floor under how small we can make Big Tech because only " "the very largest companies can afford the humans and automated filters " "needed to perform these duties." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2769 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2767 msgid "" "But that’s not the only way in which making platforms responsible for " "policing their users undermines competition. A platform that is expected to " @@ -3499,8 +3499,8 @@ msgid "" "guesses about whether someone is a harasser)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2781 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2779 msgid "" "To the extent that we are willing to let Big Tech police itself — rather " "than making Big Tech small enough that users can leave bad platforms for " @@ -3512,8 +3512,8 @@ msgid "" "interoperability." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2791 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2789 msgid "" "Ultimately, we can try to fix Big Tech by making it responsible for bad acts " "by its users, or we can try to fix the internet by cutting Big Tech down to " @@ -3527,13 +3527,13 @@ msgid "" "global, open web." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2803 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2801 msgid "Fake news is an epistemological crisis" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2805 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2803 msgid "" "Tech is not the only industry that has undergone massive concentration since " "the Reagan era. Virtually every major industry — from oil to newspapers to " @@ -3541,8 +3541,8 @@ msgid "" "clubby oligarchy that just a few players dominate." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2812 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2810 msgid "" "At the same time, every industry has become something of a tech industry as " "general-purpose computers and general-purpose networks and the promise of " @@ -3550,8 +3550,8 @@ msgid "" "firm with tech." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2818 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2816 msgid "" "This phenomenon of industrial concentration is part of a wider story about " "wealth concentration overall as a smaller and smaller number of people own " @@ -3560,8 +3560,8 @@ msgid "" "interests of the people and companies with all the money." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2826 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2824 msgid "" "That means that whenever a regulator asks a question with an obvious, " "empirical answer (<quote>Are humans causing climate change?</quote> or " @@ -3572,8 +3572,8 @@ msgid "" "made them so wealthy." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2835 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2833 msgid "" "Rich people have always played an outsized role in politics and more so " "since the Supreme Court’s <emphasis>Citizens United</emphasis> decision " @@ -3583,8 +3583,8 @@ msgid "" "before. Think of the Koch brothers or George Soros or Bill Gates." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2844 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2842 msgid "" "But the policy distortions of rich individuals pale in comparison to the " "policy distortions that concentrated industries are capable of. The " @@ -3594,8 +3594,8 @@ msgid "" "capital surpluses to spend on lobbying." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2853 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2851 msgid "" "Concentrated industries also find it easier to collaborate on policy " "objectives than competitive ones. When all the top execs from your industry " @@ -3604,8 +3604,8 @@ msgid "" "regulation." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2860 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2858 msgid "" "Rising through the ranks in a concentrated industry generally means working " "at two or three of the big companies. When there are only relatively few " @@ -3618,8 +3618,8 @@ msgid "" "collegial, rather than competitive, attitude." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2872 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2870 msgid "" "Highly concentrated industries also present a regulatory conundrum. When an " "industry is dominated by just four or five companies, the only people who " @@ -3631,8 +3631,8 @@ msgid "" "ranks once their terms have expired." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2883 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2881 msgid "" "All this is to say that the tight social bonds, small number of firms, and " "regulatory capture of concentrated industries give the companies that " @@ -3640,8 +3640,8 @@ msgid "" "bind them." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2889 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2887 msgid "" "This is increasingly obvious. Whether it’s payday lenders <ulink " "url=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/02/25/how-payday-lending-industry-insider-tilted-academic-research-its-favor/\">winning " @@ -3656,8 +3656,8 @@ msgid "" "the highest bidder." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2903 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2901 msgid "" "It’s really impossible to overstate what a terrifying prospect this is. We " "live in an incredibly high-tech society, and none of us could acquire the " @@ -3674,8 +3674,8 @@ msgid "" "sufficient to keep you from dying after you finish your dinner." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2920 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2918 msgid "" "In a world as complex as this one, we have to defer to authorities, and we " "keep them honest by making those authorities accountable to us and binding " @@ -3685,13 +3685,13 @@ msgid "" "whether the adjudication process itself is trustworthy." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2929 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2927 msgid "Right now, it’s obviously not." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2932 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2930 msgid "" "The past 40 years of rising inequality and industry concentration, together " "with increasingly weak accountability and transparency for expert agencies, " @@ -3701,8 +3701,8 @@ msgid "" "rest of us." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2940 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2938 msgid "" "For example, it’s been decades since Exxon’s own scientists concluded that " "its products would render the Earth uninhabitable by humans. And yet those " @@ -3714,8 +3714,8 @@ msgid "" "they, too, are the outcome of another conspiracy." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2951 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2949 msgid "" "The collapse of the credibility of our systems for divining and upholding " "truths has left us in a state of epistemological chaos. Once, most of us " @@ -3725,8 +3725,8 @@ msgid "" "sort the true from the false." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2960 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2958 msgid "" "If you’re like me, you probably believe that vaccines are safe, but you " "(like me) probably also can’t explain the microbiology or statistics. Few of " @@ -3743,8 +3743,8 @@ msgid "" "safety are <emphasis>not</emphasis> an aberration." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2977 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2975 msgid "" "I’m 100% certain that vaccinating is safe and effective, but I’m also at " "something of a loss to explain exactly, <emphasis>precisely,</emphasis> why " @@ -3753,8 +3753,8 @@ msgid "" "enrich the super rich." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2985 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2983 msgid "" "Fake news — conspiracy theories, racist ideologies, scientific denialism — " "has always been with us. What’s changed today is not the mix of ideas in the " @@ -3764,8 +3764,8 @@ msgid "" "and Big Wrestling and Big Car and Big Movie Theater and Big Everything Else." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2994 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:2992 msgid "" "No one can say for certain why this has happened, but the two dominant camps " "are idealism (the belief that the people who argue for these conspiracies " @@ -3774,24 +3774,24 @@ msgid "" "attractive because of material conditions in the world)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3002 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3000 msgid "" "I’m a materialist. I’ve been exposed to the arguments of conspiracy " "theorists all my life, and I have not experienced any qualitative leap in " "the quality of those arguments." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3007 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3005 msgid "" "The major difference is in the world, not the arguments. In a time where " "actual conspiracies are commonplace, conspiracy theories acquire a ring of " "plausibility." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3012 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3010 msgid "" "We have always had disagreements about what’s true, but today, we have a " "disagreement over how we know whether something is true. This is an " @@ -3804,16 +3804,16 @@ msgid "" "lights on)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3023 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3021 msgid "" "Targeting — surveillance capitalism — makes it easier to find people who are " "undergoing this epistemological crisis, but it doesn’t create the " "crisis. For that, you need to look to corruption." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3028 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3026 msgid "" "And, conveniently enough, it’s corruption that allows surveillance " "capitalism to grow by dismantling monopoly protections, by permitting " @@ -3823,13 +3823,13 @@ msgid "" "yourself to commercial surveillance." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3037 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3035 msgid "Tech is different" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3039 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3037 msgid "" "I reject both iterations of technological exceptionalism. I reject the idea " "that tech is uniquely terrible and led by people who are greedier or worse " @@ -3838,16 +3838,16 @@ msgid "" "for its present-day monopolistic status." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3047 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3045 msgid "" "I think tech is just another industry, albeit one that grew up in the " "absence of real monopoly constraints. It may have been first, but it isn’t " "the worst nor will it be the last." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3052 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3050 msgid "" "But there’s one way in which I <emphasis>am</emphasis> a tech " "exceptionalist. I believe that online tools are the key to overcoming " @@ -3859,16 +3859,16 @@ msgid "" "stability — but it’s a means to achieve these things." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3063 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3061 msgid "" "The hard problem of our species is coordination. Everything from climate " "change to social change to running a business to making a family work can be " "viewed as a collective action problem." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3068 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3066 msgid "" "The internet makes it easier than at any time before to find people who want " "to work on a project with you — hence the success of free and open-source " @@ -3876,8 +3876,8 @@ msgid "" "coordinate the work you do." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3074 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3072 msgid "" "The internet and the computers we connect to it also possess an exceptional " "quality: general-purposeness. The internet is designed to allow any two " @@ -3887,8 +3887,8 @@ msgid "" "program we can express in symbolic logic." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3083 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3081 msgid "" "This means that every time someone with a special communications need " "invests in infrastructure and techniques to make the internet faster, " @@ -3899,16 +3899,16 @@ msgid "" "beneficiary of this work." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3092 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3090 msgid "" "For these reasons, every type of communication is gradually absorbed into " "the internet, and every type of device — from airplanes to pacemakers — " "eventually becomes a computer in a fancy case." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3097 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3095 msgid "" "While these considerations don’t preclude regulating networks and computers, " "they do call for gravitas and caution when doing so because changes to " @@ -3916,8 +3916,8 @@ msgid "" "many, many other domains." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3103 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3101 msgid "" "The upshot of this is that our best hope of solving the big coordination " "problems — climate change, inequality, etc. — is with free, fair, and open " @@ -3926,13 +3926,13 @@ msgid "" "interventions to solve one problem might create problems in other domains." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3111 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3109 msgid "Ownership of facts" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3113 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3111 msgid "" "Big Tech has a funny relationship with information. When you’re generating " "information — anything from the location data streaming off your mobile " @@ -3940,8 +3940,8 @@ msgid "" "claims the rights to make unlimited use of that data." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3120 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3118 msgid "" "But when you have the audacity to turn the tables — to use a tool that " "blocks ads or slurps your waiting updates out of a social network and puts " @@ -3950,8 +3950,8 @@ msgid "" "you’re stealing from them." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3127 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3125 msgid "" "The thing is, information is a very bad fit for any kind of private property " "regime. Property rights are useful for establishing markets that can lead to " @@ -3960,8 +3960,8 @@ msgid "" "be bought and sold." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3134 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3132 msgid "" "Information rarely has such a clear title. Take phone numbers: There’s " "clearly something going wrong when Facebook slurps up millions of users’ " @@ -3969,8 +3969,8 @@ msgid "" "graphs and fill in missing information about other users." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3141 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3139 msgid "" "But the phone numbers Facebook nonconsensually acquires in this transaction " "are not the <quote>property</quote> of the users they’re taken from nor do " @@ -3981,8 +3981,8 @@ msgid "" "obviously terrible idea." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3150 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3148 msgid "" "Likewise for the facts that Facebook and other commercial surveillance " "operators acquire about us, like that we are the children of our parents or " @@ -3996,8 +3996,8 @@ msgid "" "who know these facts?" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3163 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3161 msgid "" "If you go to a Black Lives Matter demonstration, do the other demonstrators " "need your permission to post their photos from the event? The online fights " @@ -4008,8 +4008,8 @@ msgid "" "right that everyone else in the mix has to respect." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3172 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3170 msgid "" "The fact that information isn’t a good fit with property and markets doesn’t " "mean that it’s not valuable. Babies aren’t property, but they’re inarguably " @@ -4020,8 +4020,8 @@ msgid "" "monster." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3181 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3179 msgid "" "It’s tempting to reach for the property hammer when Big Tech treats your " "information like a nail — not least because Big Tech are such prolific " @@ -4033,8 +4033,8 @@ msgid "" "click-through agreement that you don’t have the opportunity to modify." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3192 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3190 msgid "" "Meanwhile, establishing property rights over information will create " "insurmountable barriers to independent data processing. Imagine that we " @@ -4049,8 +4049,8 @@ msgid "" "department and millions for licenses before they can even get started." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3207 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3205 msgid "" "The same goes for things like search indexes of the web or photos of " "peoples’ houses, which have become contentious thanks to Google’s Street " @@ -4065,8 +4065,8 @@ msgid "" "and more." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3221 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3219 msgid "" "The ownership of facts is antithetical to many kinds of human progress. It’s " "hard to imagine a rule that limits Big Tech’s exploitation of our collective " @@ -4077,13 +4077,13 @@ msgid "" "scrutiny and analysis." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3231 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3229 msgid "Persuasion works… slowly" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3233 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3231 msgid "" "The platforms may oversell their ability to persuade people, but obviously, " "persuasion works sometimes. Whether it’s the private realm that LGBTQ people " @@ -4093,8 +4093,8 @@ msgid "" "attitudes <emphasis>can</emphasis> change." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3242 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3240 msgid "" "The project of shifting societal attitudes is a game of inches and " "years. For centuries, svengalis have purported to be able to accelerate this " @@ -4106,8 +4106,8 @@ msgid "" "worldview." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3253 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3251 msgid "" "Yet, after 12 years of terror, once the war ended, Nazi ideology was largely " "discredited in both East and West Germany, and a program of national truth " @@ -4118,8 +4118,8 @@ msgid "" "no more permanent than Nazism itself." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3263 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3261 msgid "" "Racism and authoritarianism have also always been with us. Anyone who’s " "reviewed the kind of messages and arguments that racists put forward today " @@ -4130,8 +4130,8 @@ msgid "" "nationalists today." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3272 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3270 msgid "" "If racists haven’t gotten more convincing in the past decade, then how is it " "that more people were convinced to be openly racist at that time? I believe " @@ -4150,20 +4150,20 @@ msgid "" "opportunists target the fearful and the conspiracy-minded." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3291 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3289 msgid "Paying won’t help" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3293 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3291 msgid "" "As the old saw goes, <quote>If you’re not paying for the product, you’re the " "product.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3297 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3295 msgid "" "It’s a commonplace belief today that the advent of free, ad-supported media " "was the original sin of surveillance capitalism. The reasoning is that the " @@ -4176,8 +4176,8 @@ msgid "" "would be better for democracy." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3309 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3307 msgid "" "But the degradation of news products long precedes the advent of " "ad-supported online news. Long before newspapers were online, lax antitrust " @@ -4191,8 +4191,8 @@ msgid "" "unable to adapt to the internet — it was monopolism." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3322 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3320 msgid "" "Then, as news companies <emphasis>did</emphasis> come online, the ad " "revenues they commanded dropped even as the number of internet users (and " @@ -4204,8 +4204,8 @@ msgid "" "Facebook and Google acting as gatekeepers." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3332 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3330 msgid "" "Paid services continue to exist alongside free ones, and often it is these " "paid services — anxious to prevent people from bypassing their paywalls or " @@ -4224,8 +4224,8 @@ msgid "" "your iPhone should have us very worried indeed." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3351 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3349 msgid "" "We shouldn’t just be concerned about payment and control: The idea that " "paying will improve discourse is also dangerously wrong. The poor success " @@ -4238,8 +4238,8 @@ msgid "" "people." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3362 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3360 msgid "" "Perhaps paying would fix this, the reasoning goes. If platforms could be " "economically viable even if you stopped clicking on them once your " @@ -4247,16 +4247,16 @@ msgid "" "reason to algorithmically enrage you to get more clicks out of you, right?" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3369 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3367 msgid "" "There may be something to that argument, but it still ignores the wider " "economic and political context of the platforms and the world that allowed " "them to grow so dominant." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3374 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3372 msgid "" "Platforms are world-spanning and all-encompassing because they are " "monopolies, and they are monopolies because we have gutted our most " @@ -4268,16 +4268,16 @@ msgid "" "climate and technology shocks." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3385 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3383 msgid "" "In this wildly unequal world, paying doesn’t improve the discourse; it " "simply prices discourse out of the range of the majority of people. Paying " "for the product is dandy, if you can afford it." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3390 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3388 msgid "" "If you think today’s filter bubbles are a problem for our discourse, imagine " "what they’d be like if rich people inhabited free-flowing Athenian " @@ -4292,8 +4292,8 @@ msgid "" "internet." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3404 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3402 msgid "" "Behind the idea of paying for access is a belief that free markets will " "address Big Tech’s dysfunction. After all, to the extent that people have a " @@ -4307,8 +4307,8 @@ msgid "" "to deprive them of the choice to take their business elsewhere." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3417 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3415 msgid "" "Advocates for markets laud their ability to aggregate the diffused knowledge " "of buyers and sellers across a whole society through demand signals, price " @@ -4321,8 +4321,8 @@ msgid "" "more of a <quote>rogue capitalism.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3429 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3427 msgid "" "The profitability of any business is constrained by the possibility that its " "customers will take their business elsewhere. Both surveillance and lock-in " @@ -4333,8 +4333,8 @@ msgid "" "is no alternative." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3439 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3437 msgid "" "Ultimately, surveillance and lock-in are both simply business strategies " "that monopolists can choose. Surveillance companies like Google are " @@ -4349,13 +4349,13 @@ msgid "" "more they <emphasis>can</emphasis> get away with." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3454 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3452 msgid "An <quote>ecology</quote> moment for trustbusting" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3456 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3454 msgid "" "If we’re going to break Big Tech’s death grip on our digital lives, we’re " "going to have to fight monopolies. That may sound pretty mundane and " @@ -4364,8 +4364,8 @@ msgid "" "cyberpunk novel." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3463 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3461 msgid "" "Meanwhile, breaking up monopolies is something we seem to have forgotten how " "to do. There is a bipartisan, trans-Atlantic consensus that breaking up " @@ -4375,8 +4375,8 @@ msgid "" "efficiencies of scale." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3471 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3469 msgid "" "But trustbusters once strode the nation, brandishing law books, terrorizing " "robber barons, and shattering the illusion of monopolies’ all-powerful grip " @@ -4385,13 +4385,13 @@ msgid "" "backs when they went up against the richest, most powerful men in the world." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3479 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3477 msgid "Could we find that political will again?" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3482 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3480 msgid "" "Copyright scholar James Boyle has described how the term " "<quote>ecology</quote> marked a turning point in environmental " @@ -4401,8 +4401,8 @@ msgid "" "pollution or beat back smog or acid rain." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3490 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3488 msgid "" "But the term <quote>ecology</quote> welded these disparate causes together " "into a single movement, and the members of this movement found solidarity " @@ -4414,8 +4414,8 @@ msgid "" "the habitability of the planet Earth is a shared duty among all people." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3501 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3499 msgid "" "I believe we are on the verge of a new <quote>ecology</quote> moment " "dedicated to combating monopolies. After all, tech isn’t the only " @@ -4423,8 +4423,8 @@ msgid "" "concentrated of industries." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3507 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3505 msgid "" "You can find partisans for trustbusting in every sector of the " "economy. Everywhere you look, you can find people who’ve been wronged by " @@ -4435,8 +4435,8 @@ msgid "" "follows that nearly every large company will have overlapping shareholders." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3517 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3515 msgid "" "That’s the good news: With a little bit of work and a little bit of " "coalition building, we have more than enough political will to break up Big " @@ -4444,16 +4444,16 @@ msgid "" "then we take AT&T/WarnerMedia." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3523 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3521 msgid "" "But here’s the bad news: Much of what we’re doing to tame Big Tech " "<emphasis>instead</emphasis> of breaking up the big companies also " "forecloses on the possibility of breaking them up later." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3528 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3526 msgid "" "Big Tech’s concentration currently means that their inaction on harassment, " "for example, leaves users with an impossible choice: absent themselves from " @@ -4466,8 +4466,8 @@ msgid "" "generated by their creations are increasing." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3540 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3538 msgid "" "Yet governments confronting all of these problems all inevitably converge on " "the same solution: deputize the Big Tech giants to police their users and " @@ -4477,8 +4477,8 @@ msgid "" "allocate hundreds of millions to run these compliance systems." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3549 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3547 msgid "" "These rules — the EU’s new Directive on Copyright, Australia’s new terror " "regulation, America’s FOSTA/SESTA sex-trafficking law and more — are not " @@ -4488,8 +4488,8 @@ msgid "" "under how small we can hope to make Big Tech." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3558 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3556 msgid "" "That’s because any move to break up Big Tech and cut it down to size will " "have to cope with the hard limit of not making these companies so small that " @@ -4503,8 +4503,8 @@ msgid "" "harder." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3570 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3568 msgid "" "Allowing the platforms to grow to their present size has given them a " "dominance that is nearly insurmountable — deputizing them with public duties " @@ -4515,8 +4515,8 @@ msgid "" "companies, which will make them bigger still." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3580 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3578 msgid "" "We can work to fix the internet by breaking up Big Tech and depriving them " "of monopoly profits, or we can work to fix Big Tech by making them spend " @@ -4526,13 +4526,13 @@ msgid "" "behave themselves." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3588 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3586 msgid "Make Big Tech small again" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3590 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3588 msgid "" "Trustbusting is hard. Breaking big companies into smaller ones is expensive " "and time-consuming. So time-consuming that by the time you’re done, the " @@ -4542,15 +4542,15 @@ msgid "" "because mainframes were being speedily replaced by PCs." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3600 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><blockquote><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3598 msgid "" "A future U.S. president could simply direct their attorney general to " "enforce the law as it was written." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3605 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3603 msgid "" "It’s far easier to prevent concentration than to fix it, and reinstating the " "traditional contours of U.S. antitrust enforcement will, at the very least, " @@ -4559,8 +4559,8 @@ msgid "" "companies competing directly with the companies that rely on the platforms." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3613 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3611 msgid "" "These powers are all in the plain language of U.S. antitrust laws, so in " "theory, a future U.S. president could simply direct their attorney general " @@ -4571,8 +4571,8 @@ msgid "" "do the trick." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3622 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3620 msgid "" "If the courts frustrate the Justice Department and the president, the next " "stop would be Congress, which could eliminate any doubt about how antitrust " @@ -4587,8 +4587,8 @@ msgid "" "<emphasis>get rid of other monopolies, too.</emphasis>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3636 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3634 msgid "" "But this only prevents things from getting worse. To help them get better, " "we will have to build coalitions with other activists in the anti-monopoly " @@ -4598,8 +4598,8 @@ msgid "" "Luxottica from dominating both the sale and the manufacture of spectacles." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3645 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3643 msgid "" "In an important sense, it doesn’t matter which industry the breakups begin " "in. Once they start, shareholders in <emphasis>every</emphasis> industry " @@ -4617,13 +4617,13 @@ msgid "" "Road for the next 10 years.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3662 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3660 msgid "20 GOTO 10" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3664 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3662 msgid "" "Fixing Big Tech will require a lot of iteration. As cyber lawyer Lawrence " "Lessig wrote in his 1999 book, <emphasis>Code and Other Laws of " @@ -4632,8 +4632,8 @@ msgid "" "acceptable), and markets (what’s profitable)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3671 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3669 msgid "" "If you could wave a wand and get Congress to pass a law that re-fanged the " "Sherman Act tomorrow, you could use the impending breakups to convince " @@ -4641,15 +4641,15 @@ msgid "" "Apple that would be waiting in the wings after they were cut down to size." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3678 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3676 msgid "" "But getting Congress to act will require a massive normative shift, a mass " "movement of people who care about monopolies — and pulling them apart." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3683 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3681 msgid "" "Getting people to care about monopolies will take technological " "interventions that help them to see what a world free from Big Tech might " @@ -4663,8 +4663,8 @@ msgid "" "yet." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3695 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3693 msgid "" "Neither tech nor law nor code nor markets are sufficient to reform Big " "Tech. But a profitable competitor to Big Tech could bankroll a legislative " @@ -4679,8 +4679,8 @@ msgid "" "build on to weaken Big Tech even further." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3709 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3707 msgid "" "The surveillance capitalism hypothesis — that Big Tech’s products really " "work as well as they say they do and that’s why everything is so screwed up " @@ -4691,8 +4691,8 @@ msgid "" "in place." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3718 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3716 msgid "" "As to why things are so screwed up? Capitalism. Specifically, the monopolism " "that creates inequality and the inequality that creates monopolism. It’s a " @@ -4704,8 +4704,8 @@ msgid "" "piss off the monopolists." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3729 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3727 msgid "" "Surveillance doesn’t make capitalism rogue. Capitalism’s unchecked rule " "begets surveillance. Surveillance isn’t bad because it lets people " @@ -4716,20 +4716,20 @@ msgid "" "lumberyard." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3738 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><title> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3736 msgid "Up and through" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3740 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3738 msgid "" "With all the problems of Big Tech, it’s tempting to imagine solving the " "problem by returning to a world without tech at all. Resist that temptation." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3745 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3743 msgid "" "The only way out of our Big Tech problem is up and through. If our future is " "not reliant upon high tech, it will be because civilization has fallen. Big " @@ -4740,8 +4740,8 @@ msgid "" "democratic, accountable control." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para> -#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3755 +#. type: Content of: <article><sect1><para> +#: how-to-destroy-surveillance-capitalism.xml:3753 msgid "" "I am, secretly, despite what I have said earlier, a tech exceptionalist. Not " "in the sense of thinking that tech should be given a free pass to monopolize " -- 2.47.2