# This file is distributed under the same license as the How to Destroy Surveillance Capitalism package.
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msgid "en"
msgstr "nb"
-#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:6
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "How to Destroy Surveillance Capitalism"
msgstr "Hvordan knuse overvåkningskapitalismen"
-#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
-#: complete-book.xml:8
-msgid "<pubdate>2020-??-??</pubdate> <edition>1</edition>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><releaseinfo>
-#: complete-book.xml:10
-msgid "git-utgaven"
-msgstr ""
-
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname>
-#: complete-book.xml:13
msgid "Cory"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Cory"
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname>
-#: complete-book.xml:14
msgid "Doctorow"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Doctorow"
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><publisher><address>
-#: complete-book.xml:19
#, no-wrap
msgid "<city>Oslo</city>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "<city>Oslo</city>"
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
-#: complete-book.xml:17
msgid ""
"<publisher> <publishername>Petter Reinholdtsen</publishername> <placeholder "
-"type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/> </publisher>"
+"type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/> </publisher> <copyright> <year>2020</year> "
+"<holder>Cory Doctorow</holder> </copyright> <copyright> <year>2020</year> "
+"<holder>Petter Reinholdtsen</holder> </copyright>"
+msgstr ""
+"<publisher> <publishername>Petter Reinholdtsen</publishername> <placeholder "
+"type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/> </publisher> <copyright> <year>2020</year> "
+"<holder>Cory Doctorow</holder> </copyright> <copyright> <year>2020</year> "
+"<holder>Petter Reinholdtsen</holder> </copyright>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
+msgid "How to Destroy Surveillance Capitalism by Cory Doctorow."
+msgstr "Hvordan knuse overvåkningskapitalismen av Cory Doctorow."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
+msgid "Published by Petter Reinholdtsen."
msgstr ""
+"Utgitt av Petter Reinholdtsen. Oversatt på dugnad av Ole-Erik Yrvin, Petter "
+"Reinhodtsen, Allan Nordhøy og Christer Gundersen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
+msgid "ISBN 978-82-93828-05-1 (hard cover)"
+msgstr "ISBN 978-82-93828-05-1 (innbundet)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
+msgid "ISBN 978-82-93828-06-8 (paperback)"
+msgstr "ISBN 978-82-93828-06-8 (heftet)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
+msgid "ISBN 978-82-93828-07-5 (ePub)"
+msgstr "ISBN 978-82-93828-07-5 (ePub)"
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msgstr ""
+"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=\"images/cc.png\" contentdepth=\"3em\" "
+"width=\"100%\" align=\"center\"/> </imageobject> <imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"images/cc.svg\" contentdepth=\"3em\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center"
+"\"/> </imageobject>"
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
-#: complete-book.xml:32
msgid "Creative Commons, Some rights reserved"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Creative Commons, noen rettigheter forbeholdt"
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:24
msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:38
msgid ""
"This book is licensed under a Creative Commons license. This license permits "
-"any use of this work, so long as attribution is given. For more information "
-"about the license visit <ulink "
-"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/\"/>."
+"any use of this work, so long as attribution is given and no derivatived "
+"material is distributed. For more information about the license visit "
+"<ulink url=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\"/>."
msgstr ""
+"Denne boken er lisensiert med en Creative Commons-lisens. Denne lisensen "
+"tillater all bruk av dette verket, så lenge opphavet navngis og intet "
+"avledet materiale distribueres. Hvis du vil ha mer informasjon om lisensen, "
+"besøk <ulink url=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\"/>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:46
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "The net of a thousand lies"
msgstr "Nettverket av tusen løgner"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:48
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The most surprising thing about the rebirth of flat Earthers in the 21st "
"century is just how widespread the evidence against them is. You can "
"vantage point from which to see the Earth’s curvature might come to the "
"commonsense belief that the flat-seeming Earth was, indeed, flat."
msgstr ""
+"Den mest overraskende momentet med tilbakekomsten av flatjordtilhengere i "
+"det 21. århundre er hvor viden tilgjengelig bevisene mot dem er. En kan "
+"forstå hvordan folk, for noen århundrer siden, som aldri hadde tilgang på et "
+"høyt nok utsiktspunkt til å se jordens krumning, kunne ende opp med en "
+"rimelig fornuftig tro på at den tilsynelatende flate jorden, rent faktisk "
+"var flat."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:56
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But today, when elementary schools routinely dangle GoPro cameras from "
"balloons and loft them high enough to photograph the Earth’s curve — to say "
"window — it takes a heroic effort to maintain the belief that the world is "
"flat."
msgstr ""
+"Men idag, når grunnskoler rutinemessig henger GoPro-kamera fra ballonger og "
+"sender dem høyt nok til å fotografere jordens krumning, for ikke å snakke om "
+"det lite eksepsjonelle synet av en krummet jord fra vinduet på et fly. Det "
+"kreves en heroisk innsats for å holde på troen om at jorden er flat."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:63
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Likewise for white nationalism and eugenics: In an age where you can become "
"a computational genomics datapoint by swabbing your cheek and mailing it to "
-"a gene-sequencing company along with a modest sum of money, “race science” "
-"has never been easier to refute."
+"a gene-sequencing company along with a modest sum of money, <quote>race "
+"science</quote> has never been easier to refute."
msgstr ""
+"På samme måten er det med hvit nasjonalisme og eugenikk. I en tidsalder der "
+"du kan bli et datamaskinberegnet genomdatapunkt ved å sveipe innsiden av "
+"munnhulen og sende resultatet til et gensekvensieringsselskap sammen med en "
+"beskjeden sum penger, så har <quote>rasevitenskap</quote> aldri vært enklere "
+"å avvise."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:69
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"We are living through a golden age of both readily available facts and "
"denial of those facts. Terrible ideas that have lingered on the fringes for "
"decades or even centuries have gone mainstream seemingly overnight."
msgstr ""
+"Vi lever i en gullalder både med hensyn til enkel faktatilgang og "
+"fornektelse av dem. Forferdelige idéer som har svevd i utkanten i tiår eller "
+"til og med århundrer har blitt allemannseie tilsynelatende over natten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:75
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"When an obscure idea gains currency, there are only two things that can "
"explain its ascendance: Either the person expressing that idea has gotten a "
"boiling and burning and drowning and wasting away, the easier it will be for "
"the Greta Thunbergs of the world to convince us."
msgstr ""
+"Når obskure idéer får fotfeste, er det kun to ting som kan forklare at de "
+"kommer til overflaten: Enten har personen som uttrykker idéen forbedret sin "
+"formidling av den, eller så har forgodtbefinnendet blitt vanskeligere å "
+"fornekte i lys av mer bevis. Med andre ord, hvis vi ønsker at folk skal ta "
+"klimaendringer seriøst, kan vi få et utall Greta Thunberg til å gi "
+"velformulerte, oppofrende argumenter fra talerstoler, til hjertets og "
+"sinnets dyst, eller vi kan vente på floden, den stekende sol, og pandemier "
+"lager argumentene for oss. I praksis må vi antagelig gjøre litt av begge "
+"deler: Desto mer vi steker, brenner, drukner og forvitrer, dess enklere vil "
+"det være for dem av oss som Greta Thunberg å overbevise oss."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:88
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"The arguments for ridiculous beliefs in odious conspiracies like "
-"anti-vaccination, climate denial, a flat Earth, and eugenics are no better "
-"than they were a generation ago. Indeed, they’re worse because they are "
-"being pitched to people who have at least a background awareness of the "
-"refuting facts."
+"The arguments for ridiculous beliefs in odious conspiracies like anti-"
+"vaccination, climate denial, a flat Earth, and eugenics are no better than "
+"they were a generation ago. Indeed, they’re worse because they are being "
+"pitched to people who have at least a background awareness of the refuting "
+"facts."
msgstr ""
+"De iboende argumentet for ting som eksempelvis teorien om flat jord har ikke "
+"blitt bedre i den vordende generasjonen. Faktisk har ting blitt verre, fordi "
+"folk uten bakgrunn i kildekritikk er gjenstand for dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:95
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"Anti-vax has been around since the first vaccines, but the early "
-"anti-vaxxers were pitching people who were less equipped to understand even "
-"the most basic ideas from microbiology, and moreover, those people had not "
+"Anti-vax has been around since the first vaccines, but the early anti-"
+"vaxxers were pitching people who were less equipped to understand even the "
+"most basic ideas from microbiology, and moreover, those people had not "
"witnessed the extermination of mass-murdering diseases like polio, smallpox, "
"and measles. Today’s anti-vaxxers are no more eloquent than their forebears, "
"and they have a much harder job."
msgstr ""
+"Idéen om en flat jord er like gammel som idéene og forståelsen av dem. De "
+"første presentasjonene av denne teorien kom folk for øre som ikke forstod "
+"selv grunnleggende geometri. De hadde til gode å se tilbake på det "
+"heliosentrikere og storsirkelnavigasjon bragte siden. Dagens tilhengere er "
+"mer finslepne enn tidligere tiders religiøse verdensanskuelse, og de har en "
+"mye vanskeligere jobb."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:104
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"So can these far-fetched conspiracy theorists really be succeeding on the "
"basis of superior arguments?"
msgstr ""
+"Er det tilfelle at disse konspiratorikerne lykkes med utgangspunkt i bedre "
+"argumenter?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:108
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Some people think so. Today, there is a widespread belief that machine "
"learning and commercial surveillance can turn even the most fumble-tongued "
"conspiracy theorist into a svengali who can warp your perceptions and win "
-"your belief by locating vulnerable people and then pitching them with "
-"A.I.-refined arguments that bypass their rational faculties and turn "
-"everyday people into flat Earthers, anti-vaxxers, or even Nazis. When the "
-"RAND Corporation <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR400/RR453/RAND_RR453.pdf\">blames "
-"Facebook for “radicalization”</ulink> and when Facebook’s role in spreading "
-"coronavirus misinformation is <ulink "
-"url=\"https://secure.avaaz.org/campaign/en/facebook_threat_health/\">blamed "
-"on its algorithm</ulink>, the implicit message is that machine learning and "
-"surveillance are causing the changes in our consensus about what’s true."
-msgstr ""
+"your belief by locating vulnerable people and then pitching them with A.I.-"
+"refined arguments that bypass their rational faculties and turn everyday "
+"people into flat Earthers, anti-vaxxers, or even Nazis. When the RAND "
+"Corporation <ulink url=\"https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/"
+"research_reports/RR400/RR453/RAND_RR453.pdf\">blames Facebook for "
+"<quote>radicalization</quote></ulink> and when Facebook’s role in spreading "
+"coronavirus misinformation is <ulink url=\"https://secure.avaaz.org/campaign/"
+"en/facebook_threat_health/\">blamed on its algorithm</ulink>, the implicit "
+"message is that machine learning and surveillance are causing the changes in "
+"our consensus about what’s true."
+msgstr ""
+"Noen synes å tro det. I dag er troen hengitt at maskinlæring og kommersiell "
+"overvåkning kan gjøre selv en konspirasjonsteoretiker uten taleevner til "
+"trådtrekker med KI-refinerte argumenter som verktøy til et omvendt "
+"dukketeater som omgår alle rasjonelle evner. Når RAND <ulink url=\"https://"
+"www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR400/RR453/RAND_RR453."
+"pdf\">beskylder Facebook for <quote>radikalisering</quote></ulink> og når "
+"Facebook sin rolle i å spre coronavirus-misinformasjon <ulink url=\"https://"
+"secure.avaaz.org/campaign/en/facebook_threat_health/\"> blir bortforklart i "
+"deres algoritme</ulink>, er det underforstått at maskinlæring og overvåkning "
+"endrer vår oppfattelse av hva som sant er."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:124
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"After all, in a world where sprawling and incoherent conspiracy theories "
"like Pizzagate and its successor, QAnon, have widespread followings, "
"<emphasis>something</emphasis> must be afoot."
msgstr ""
+"I en verden der enhver konspirasjonsteori har sine ihuga tilhengere, må "
+"<emphasis>noe</emphasis> være i gjerde."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:129
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But what if there’s another explanation? What if it’s the material "
"circumstances, and not the arguments, that are making the difference for "
"<emphasis>real conspiracies</emphasis> all around us — conspiracies among "
"wealthy people, their lobbyists, and lawmakers to bury inconvenient facts "
"and evidence of wrongdoing (these conspiracies are commonly known as "
-"“corruption”) — is making people vulnerable to conspiracy theories?"
+"<quote>corruption</quote>) — is making people vulnerable to conspiracy "
+"theories?"
msgstr ""
+"Hva om det har sin naturlige forklaring? Er det kanskje ikke argumentene som "
+"utgjør tyngden på vektskåla for dem? Hva om <emphasis>de ekte "
+"konspirasjonene</emphasis> vi omgås hvordan det daglige stormaktsspillet og "
+"i kapitalerværvelsen mellom fut og fogd gravlegger ubeleilig fakta og bevis "
+"på mislighold? Slike ting som i beste fall kalles korrupsjon, gjør de folk "
+"sårbare for fiktive konspirasjonsteorier?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:139
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If it’s trauma and not contagion — material conditions and not ideology — "
"that is making the difference today and enabling a rise of repulsive "
"misinformation in the face of easily observed facts, that doesn’t mean our "
"computer networks are blameless. They’re still doing the heavy work of "
-"locating vulnerable people and guiding them through a series of "
-"ever-more-extreme ideas and communities."
+"locating vulnerable people and guiding them through a series of ever-more-"
+"extreme ideas and communities."
msgstr ""
+"Hvis det er slagskade og ikke smitte – materielle forhold og ikke ideologi – "
+"som utgjør forskjellen i dag og gjør økningen i frastøtende feilinformasjon "
+"mulig, i møte med lett observerte fakta, så betyr det ikke at "
+"datanettverkene vår ikke kan lastes. De gjør fortsatt grovarbeidet med å "
+"spore opp sårbare mennesker og lede dem gjennom en rekke av stadig mer "
+"ekstreme ideer og lokalsamfunn."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:147
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Belief in conspiracy is a raging fire that has done real damage and poses "
-"real danger to our planet and species, from epidemics <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html\">kicked off by "
-"vaccine denial</ulink> to genocides <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/technology/myanmar-facebook-genocide.html\">kicked "
-"off by racist conspiracies</ulink> to planetary meltdown caused by "
-"denial-inspired climate inaction. Our world is on fire, and so we have to "
-"put the fires out — to figure out how to help people see the truth of the "
-"world through the conspiracies they’ve been confused by."
-msgstr ""
+"real danger to our planet and species, from epidemics <ulink url=\"https://"
+"www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html\">kicked off by vaccine denial</"
+"ulink> to genocides <ulink url=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/"
+"technology/myanmar-facebook-genocide.html\">kicked off by racist "
+"conspiracies</ulink> to planetary meltdown caused by denial-inspired climate "
+"inaction. Our world is on fire, and so we have to put the fires out — to "
+"figure out how to help people see the truth of the world through the "
+"conspiracies they’ve been confused by."
+msgstr ""
+"Troen på fiktive konspirasjoner har gjort skade og utgjør en fare for "
+"planeten, fra arter <ulink url=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks."
+"html\">kicked off by vaccine denial</ulink> til folkemord <ulink url="
+"\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/technology/myanmar-facebook-genocide."
+"html\">igangsatt av rasistiske konspirasjonsteorier</ulink> til planetarisk "
+"nedsmelting forårsaket av nektelsesinspirert klimainaktivitet. Vår verden "
+"brenner, og derfor må vi slukke brannene - for å finne ut hvordan vi kan "
+"hjelpe folk til å se sannheten i verden igjennom konspirasjonene de har "
+"blitt forvirret av."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:159
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"But firefighting is reactive. We need fire "
-"<emphasis>prevention</emphasis>. We need to strike at the traumatic material "
-"conditions that make people vulnerable to the contagion of conspiracy. Here, "
-"too, tech has a role to play."
+"But firefighting is reactive. We need fire <emphasis>prevention</emphasis>. "
+"We need to strike at the traumatic material conditions that make people "
+"vulnerable to the contagion of conspiracy. Here, too, tech has a role to "
+"play."
msgstr ""
+"Brannslokking er reaktivt. Det trengs <emphasis>forebygging</emphasis>. Den "
+"materielle tilværelsen hvis innvirken på folks svakhet for den, smitter over "
+"i handling. Her kan også teknologi ha noe å si."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:165
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"There’s no shortage of proposals to address this. From the EU’s <ulink "
-"url=\"https://edri.org/tag/terreg/\">Terrorist Content Regulation</ulink>, "
-"which requires platforms to police and remove “extremist” content, to the "
-"U.S. proposals to <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/03/earn-it-act-violates-constitution\">force "
-"tech companies to spy on their users</ulink> and hold them liable <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.natlawreview.com/article/repeal-cda-section-230\">for "
-"their users’ bad speech</ulink>, there’s a lot of energy to force tech "
-"companies to solve the problems they created."
-msgstr ""
+"There’s no shortage of proposals to address this. From the EU’s <ulink url="
+"\"https://edri.org/tag/terreg/\">Terrorist Content Regulation</ulink>, which "
+"requires platforms to police and remove <quote>extremist</quote> content, to "
+"the U.S. proposals to <ulink url=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/03/"
+"earn-it-act-violates-constitution\">force tech companies to spy on their "
+"users</ulink> and hold them liable <ulink url=\"https://www.natlawreview.com/"
+"article/repeal-cda-section-230\">for their users’ bad speech</ulink>, "
+"there’s a lot of energy to force tech companies to solve the problems they "
+"created."
+msgstr ""
+"Det skorter ikke på tilsvarsforslag. Fra EU sin <ulink url=\"https://edri."
+"org/tag/terreg/\">Terroristinnhold-regulering</ulink> som krever at "
+"plattformer håndhever og fjerner <quote>ekstremistisk</quote>-innhold, til "
+"USAs forslag om å <ulink url=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/03/earn-it-"
+"act-violates-constitution\">tvinge teknologiselskaper til å spionere på sine "
+"brukere</ulink> og holde dem ansvarlige <ulink url=\"https://www."
+"natlawreview.com/article/repeal-cda-section-230\">for brukernes "
+"ytringsfrihet</ulink>. Det er mange krefter i sving som kan svinge tilbake "
+"slik at teknologiselskaper må løse problemene de utgjør."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:176
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"There’s a critical piece missing from the debate, though. All these "
"solutions assume that tech companies are a fixture, that their dominance "
"over the internet is a permanent fact. Proposals to replace Big Tech with a "
"more diffused, pluralistic internet are nowhere to be found. Worse: The "
-"“solutions” on the table today <emphasis>require</emphasis> Big Tech to stay "
-"big because only the very largest companies can afford to implement the "
-"systems these laws demand."
-msgstr ""
+"<quote>solutions</quote> on the table today <emphasis>require</emphasis> Big "
+"Tech to stay big because only the very largest companies can afford to "
+"implement the systems these laws demand."
+msgstr ""
+"Her mangler en kritisk del av debatten. Alle disse løsningene antar at "
+"teknologiselskaper er en bruksgjenstand, at deres dominanse over Internett "
+"er evig. Forslag til endring av storteknologien til et mer finmasket, "
+"mangeslynget Internett lar vente på seg. <quote>Løsningene</quote> som "
+"forefinnes <emphasis>krever</emphasis> at storteknologien skal forbli "
+"storartet smålig, fordi kun de største selskapene får råd til å sette i verk "
+"systemene disse lovene krever."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:186
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Figuring out what we want our tech to look like is crucial if we’re going to "
"get out of this mess. Today, we’re at a crossroads where we’re trying to "
"internet or if we want to fix the internet itself by unshackling it from Big "
"Tech’s stranglehold. We can’t do both, so we have to choose."
msgstr ""
+"Løsningen på hva teknologien skal være er svaret på hva som skal til for å "
+"komme oss ut av knipa. I dag er vi på perrongen og prøver å finne ut hva "
+"tabellen storteknologien har lagt fore skal bety for vårt Internett i "
+"fortsettelsen, eller om det går noen tog andre veien. Enveisbilletten har vi "
+"klamt for hånden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:194
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"I want us to choose wisely. Taming Big Tech is integral to fixing the "
"internet, and for that, we need digital rights activism."
msgstr ""
+"Velg med omhu. Temming av storteknologien er iboende viktig for løsningen på "
+"Internett. Hvorfra vi setter ut i det, en digital rettighetsaktivisme til."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:198
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Digital rights activism, a quarter-century on"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Digital rettighetsaktivisme, et kvart århundre senere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:200
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Digital rights activism is more than 30 years old now. The Electronic "
"Frontier Foundation turned 30 this year; the Free Software Foundation "
"launched in 1985. For most of the history of the movement, the most "
"prominent criticism leveled against it was that it was irrelevant: The real "
"activist causes were real-world causes (think of the skepticism when <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/finland-legal-right-to-broadband-for-all-citizens/#:~:text=Global%20Legal%20Monitor,-Home%20%7C%20Search%20%7C%20Browse&text=(July%206%2C%202010)%20On,connection%20100%20MBPS%20by%202015.\">Finland "
-"declared broadband a human right in 2010</ulink>), and real-world activism "
-"was shoe-leather activism (think of Malcolm Gladwell’s <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/10/04/small-change-malcolm-gladwell\">contempt "
-"for “clicktivism”</ulink>). But as tech has grown more central to our daily "
-"lives, these accusations of irrelevance have given way first to accusations "
-"of insincerity (“You only care about tech because you’re <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/06/04/report-engine-eff-shills-google-patent-reform/id=98007/\">shilling "
-"for tech companies</ulink>”) to accusations of negligence (“Why didn’t you "
-"foresee that tech could be such a destructive force?”). But digital rights "
+"url=\"https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/finland-legal-right-to-"
+"broadband-for-all-citizens/#:~:text=Global%20Legal%20Monitor,-Home%20%7C"
+"%20Search%20%7C%20Browse&text=(July%206%2C%202010)%20On,connection"
+"%20100%20MBPS%20by%202015.\">Finland declared broadband a human right in "
+"2010</ulink>), and real-world activism was shoe-leather activism (think of "
+"Malcolm Gladwell’s <ulink url=\"https://www.newyorker.com/"
+"magazine/2010/10/04/small-change-malcolm-gladwell\">contempt for "
+"<quote>clicktivism</quote></ulink>). But as tech has grown more central to "
+"our daily lives, these accusations of irrelevance have given way first to "
+"accusations of insincerity (<quote>You only care about tech because you’re "
+"<ulink url=\"https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/06/04/report-engine-eff-shills-"
+"google-patent-reform/id=98007/\">shilling for tech companies</ulink></"
+"quote>) to accusations of negligence (<quote>Why didn’t you foresee that "
+"tech could be such a destructive force?</quote>). But digital rights "
"activism is right where it’s always been: looking out for the humans in a "
"world where tech is inexorably taking over."
msgstr ""
+"Digital rettighetsaktivisme er eldre enn Internett. GNU-prosjektet er fra "
+"1983. Elektronisk forpost fra 1990. I brorparten av tiden denne har "
+"eksistert, var hovedkritikken rettet mot dens formål at det hele var "
+"irrelevant: De sanne aktivistparolene var blitt virkelighet i lys av "
+"skepsis. Tenk over hva som ble sagt da <ulink url=\"https://www.loc.gov/law/"
+"foreign-news/article/finland-legal-right-to-broadband-for-all-citizens/#:~:"
+"text=Global%20Legal%20Monitor,-Home%20%7C%20Search%20%7C%20Browse&"
+"text=(July%206%2C%202010)%20On,connection%20100%20MBPS%20by%202015."
+"\">Finland snudde kjæringa og erklærte breiband en mennskerett i 2010</"
+"ulink>. Sann aktivisme var for smørkrise å regne den gang. Tenk over Malcolm "
+"Gladwell sin <ulink url=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/10/04/"
+"small-change-malcolm-gladwell\">forakt for at Finland gjorde resten av "
+"verden til skamme i 2010</ulink> da han kalte det <quote>klikktivisme.</"
+"quote>. Etter at storteknologien har blitt sentral i våre liv, om ikke "
+"erstattet noen av dem helt, har disse uverdige kritikkene blitt kritikk "
+"verdige. Først lød pipa av at <quote>Du bryr deg kun om teknologi fordi du "
+"<ulink url=\"https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/06/04/report-engine-eff-shills-"
+"google-patent-reform/id=98007/\">er en undersått av et teknologiselskap</"
+"ulink></quote>. Så ble lyden tonelydende <quote>Hvorfor forutså du ikke at "
+"teknologi kom til å bli en så destruktiv kraft?</quote>. Digital "
+"rettighetsaktivisme er riktig der det alltid har vært rett: voktende over "
+"menneskene i en verden der teknologi ubønnhørlig tar grep."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:221
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"The latest version of this critique comes in the form of “surveillance "
-"capitalism,” a term coined by business professor Shoshana Zuboff in her long "
-"and influential 2019 book, <emphasis>The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The "
-"Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power</emphasis>. Zuboff "
-"argues that “surveillance capitalism” is a unique creature of the tech "
-"industry and that it is unlike any other abusive commercial practice in "
-"history, one that is “constituted by unexpected and often illegible "
-"mechanisms of extraction, commodification, and control that effectively "
-"exile persons from their own behavior while producing new markets of "
-"behavioral prediction and modification. Surveillance capitalism challenges "
-"democratic norms and departs in key ways from the centuries-long evolution "
-"of market capitalism.” It is a new and deadly form of capitalism, a “rogue "
-"capitalism,” and our lack of understanding of its unique capabilities and "
-"dangers represents an existential, species-wide threat. She’s right that "
-"capitalism today threatens our species, and she’s right that tech poses "
-"unique challenges to our species and civilization, but she’s really wrong "
-"about how tech is different and why it threatens our species."
-msgstr ""
+"The latest version of this critique comes in the form of <quote>surveillance "
+"capitalism,</quote> a term coined by business professor Shoshana Zuboff in "
+"her long and influential 2019 book, <emphasis>The Age of Surveillance "
+"Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power</"
+"emphasis>. Zuboff argues that <quote>surveillance capitalism</quote> is a "
+"unique creature of the tech industry and that it is unlike any other abusive "
+"commercial practice in history, one that is <quote>constituted by unexpected "
+"and often illegible mechanisms of extraction, commodification, and control "
+"that effectively exile persons from their own behavior while producing new "
+"markets of behavioral prediction and modification. Surveillance capitalism "
+"challenges democratic norms and departs in key ways from the centuries-long "
+"evolution of market capitalism.</quote> It is a new and deadly form of "
+"capitalism, a <quote>rogue capitalism,</quote> and our lack of understanding "
+"of its unique capabilities and dangers represents an existential, species-"
+"wide threat. She’s right that capitalism today threatens our species, and "
+"she’s right that tech poses unique challenges to our species and "
+"civilization, but she’s really wrong about how tech is different and why it "
+"threatens our species."
+msgstr ""
+"Siste versjon av kritikken plystrer til takten av "
+"<quote>overvåkningskapitalismen</quote>, et begrep Shoshana Zuboff førte i "
+"pennen i sin innflytelsesrike og lange bok fra 2019, <emphasis>Tidsalderen "
+"overvåkningskapitalismen: Kampen om en human fremtid i maktens nye "
+"frontlinjer</emphasis>. Zuboff argumenterer at "
+"<quote>overvåkningskapitalisme</quote> er en unik funksjon av teknologi-"
+"industrien, og at til forskjell fra andre skadeinnvirkende kommersielle "
+"gesjefter i historiens løp, at denne <quote>skriver seg fra uventede og "
+"illegale mekanismer for utnyttelse, verdiskapning og kontroll som effektivt "
+"sett løsriver folk fra deres adferd, mens den lager nye markeder for å "
+"forutsi oppførselsforutsigbarhet og endring av den. Overvåkningskapitalisme "
+"utfordrer demokratiske normer, og tar avskjed med århundrers "
+"markedskapitalisme på sentrale punkter.</quote> Det er en ny og dødlig form "
+"for kapitalisme, en <quote>ukontrollert kapitalisme</quote>, og vår "
+"forståelsesmangel i dens unike muligheter og farer representerer en "
+"eksistensiell, artsomfattende trussel. Hun skal ha rett i at dagens "
+"kapitalisme truer vårt artsmangfold, og hun framfører riktig nok at vår art "
+"og sivilisasjon har utfordringer. Dog tar hun kanskje virkelig feil av "
+"hvordan teknologi er forskjellig, og hvordan det truer vår art."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:242
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"What’s more, I think that her incorrect diagnosis will lead us down a path "
"that ends up making Big Tech stronger, not weaker. We need to take down Big "
"Tech, and to do that, we need to start by correctly identifying the problem."
msgstr ""
+"En slik feildiagnostisering vil forlede oss inn på et spor der "
+"storteknologien har penset inn allerede. Ned med storteknologien, er ikke en "
+"avsporing av problemet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:248
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Tech exceptionalism, then and now"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Teknologieksepsjonalisme, da og nå"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:250
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Early critics of the digital rights movement — perhaps best represented by "
"campaigning organizations like the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the Free "
"Software Foundation, Public Knowledge, and others that focused on preserving "
"and enhancing basic human rights in the digital realm — damned activists for "
-"practicing “tech exceptionalism.” Around the turn of the millennium, serious "
-"people ridiculed any claim that tech policy mattered in the “real world.” "
-"Claims that tech rules had implications for speech, association, privacy, "
-"search and seizure, and fundamental rights and equities were treated as "
-"ridiculous, an elevation of the concerns of sad nerds arguing about "
-"<emphasis>Star Trek</emphasis> on bulletin board systems above the struggles "
-"of the Freedom Riders, Nelson Mandela, or the Warsaw ghetto uprising."
-msgstr ""
+"practicing <quote>tech exceptionalism.</quote> Around the turn of the "
+"millennium, serious people ridiculed any claim that tech policy mattered in "
+"the <quote>real world.</quote> Claims that tech rules had implications for "
+"speech, association, privacy, search and seizure, and fundamental rights and "
+"equities were treated as ridiculous, an elevation of the concerns of sad "
+"nerds arguing about <emphasis>Star Trek</emphasis> on bulletin board systems "
+"above the struggles of the Freedom Riders, Nelson Mandela, or the Warsaw "
+"ghetto uprising."
+msgstr ""
+"Tidligere kritikere av bevegelsen av og for digitale rettigheter—kanskje "
+"best representert ved organisasjoner som GNU-prosjektet, Elektronisk "
+"forpost, Public Knowledge, og andre som fokuserer på ivaretagelse og "
+"forbedring av grunnleggende rettigheter fra og i den digitale sfære—ble kalt "
+"aktivister for å praktisere <quote>teknologieksepsjonalisme</quote>. Rundt "
+"tusenårets slutt drev seriøse mennesker gjøn og påstod at teknologi-praksis "
+"ikke hadde innvirkning på den <quote>virkelige verden</quote>. Påstander om "
+"at teknologiregler hadde innvirkning på talefrihet, assosiasjonsfrihet, vern "
+"av privatsfæren, ransakelsesordrer, og fundamentale rettigheter og verdier "
+"ble antatt for latterlige å være, en videre trist fabulering om "
+"<emphasis>Star Trek</emphasis> på digitale oppslagstavler istedenfor Nelson "
+"Mandela."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:265
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"In the decades since, accusations of “tech exceptionalism” have only "
-"sharpened as tech’s role in everyday life has expanded: Now that tech has "
-"infiltrated every corner of our life and our online lives have been "
+"In the decades since, accusations of <quote>tech exceptionalism</quote> have "
+"only sharpened as tech’s role in everyday life has expanded: Now that tech "
+"has infiltrated every corner of our life and our online lives have been "
"monopolized by a handful of giants, defenders of digital freedoms are "
-"accused of carrying water for Big Tech, providing cover for its "
-"self-interested negligence (or worse, nefarious plots)."
+"accused of carrying water for Big Tech, providing cover for its self-"
+"interested negligence (or worse, nefarious plots)."
msgstr ""
+"I årtiene som fulgte, har anklagene om <quote>teknologi-eksepsjonalisme</"
+"quote> økt etter som teknologi har fått en større rolle i folks hverdagsliv. "
+"Nå som teknologi har infiltrert hver krink og krok i våre liv, og våre "
+"nettbaserte liv kun har kommet et knippe monopolister i hende, blir digitale "
+"rettighetsforkjempere anklaget for å gå storteknologiens ærend, og støtter "
+"deres uaktsomhet som tjener deres egeninteresse (eller verre, skumle "
+"konspirasjoner)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:273
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"From my perspective, the digital rights movement has remained stationary "
"while the rest of the world has moved. From the earliest days, the "
"that they threatened to bring down new rules that would also make it harder "
"for good actors to help users)."
msgstr ""
+"Fra eget perspektiv har bevegelsen for digitale rettigheter forholdt seg der "
+"den startet, mens resten av verden har flyttet seg. Helt fra dens tidligste "
+"dager, var det dens brukere også dem som skrev koden fra tanke til "
+"fundamentale verktøy. Digitale rettighetsaktivister brød seg kun om "
+"selskaper i den grad de brydde seg om brukernes rettigheter (eller, vel så "
+"ofte, når selskaper gjorde så tåpelige ting at det truet med nye regelsett "
+"som også gjorde det vanskeligere for rasjonelle aktører å hjelpe brukere)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:284
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"The “surveillance capitalism” critique recasts the digital rights movement "
-"in a new light again: not as alarmists who overestimate the importance of "
-"their shiny toys nor as shills for big tech but as serene deck-chair "
-"rearrangers whose long-standing activism is a liability because it makes "
-"them incapable of perceiving novel threats as they continue to fight the "
-"last century’s tech battles."
-msgstr ""
+"The <quote>surveillance capitalism</quote> critique recasts the digital "
+"rights movement in a new light again: not as alarmists who overestimate the "
+"importance of their shiny toys nor as shills for big tech but as serene deck-"
+"chair rearrangers whose long-standing activism is a liability because it "
+"makes them incapable of perceiving novel threats as they continue to fight "
+"the last century’s tech battles."
+msgstr ""
+"<quote>Overvåkningskapitalisems</quote> kritiker kommer så med en ny "
+"vinkling mot bevegelsen for digitale rettigheter: Ikke som varslere som "
+"overdriver hvor viktig de nye leketøyene deres er, ei heller som "
+"håndtlangere for storteknologien, men som velmenende stolflyttere hvis "
+"langvarige aktivisme er en belastning fordi det gjør det ute av stand til å "
+"oppfatte nye truslene som finnes fordi de er opptatt med forrige århundres "
+"teknologikamp."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:292
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid "But tech exceptionalism is a sin no matter who practices it."
msgstr ""
+"Men teknologieksepsjonalisme er en synd, uavsett hvem som bedriver den."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:295
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Don’t believe the hype"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Ikke fest din lit til oppstuss"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:297
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"You’ve probably heard that “if you’re not paying for the product, you’re the "
-"product.” As we’ll see below, that’s true, if incomplete. But what is "
-"<emphasis>absolutely</emphasis> true is that ad-driven Big Tech’s customers "
-"are advertisers, and what companies like Google and Facebook sell is their "
-"ability to convince <emphasis>you</emphasis> to buy stuff. Big Tech’s "
-"product is persuasion. The services — social media, search engines, maps, "
-"messaging, and more — are delivery systems for persuasion."
-msgstr ""
+"You’ve probably heard that <quote>if you’re not paying for the product, "
+"you’re the product.</quote> As we’ll see below, that’s true, if incomplete. "
+"But what is <emphasis>absolutely</emphasis> true is that ad-driven Big "
+"Tech’s customers are advertisers, and what companies like Google and "
+"Facebook sell is their ability to convince <emphasis>you</emphasis> to buy "
+"stuff. Big Tech’s product is persuasion. The services — social media, search "
+"engines, maps, messaging, and more — are delivery systems for persuasion."
+msgstr ""
+"Du har antagelig hørt at <quote>om du ikke betaler for noe, er det du som er "
+"produktet</quote>. Som vi ser nedenfor, er det riktig, men ikke hele bildet. "
+"Det som er <emphasis>helt</emphasis> riktig om reklamefinansiert "
+"storteknologi, er at dens kunder er de som reklamerer, og det selskaper som "
+"Google og Facebook selger, er deres evne til å overbevise <emphasis>deg</"
+"emphasis> om å kjøpe ting. Tjenestene—sosiale media, søkemotorer, kart, "
+"meldingstjenester, med mer—er leveringssystemer for overbeviselse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:307
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The fear of surveillance capitalism starts from the (correct) presumption "
"that everything Big Tech says about itself is probably a lie. But the "
"customers. That’s a mistake because sales literature is not a reliable "
"indicator of a product’s efficacy."
msgstr ""
+"Frykten for overvåkningskapitalismen utgår fra den (korrekte) antagelsen om "
+"at alt Storteknologien sier om seg selv antagelig er løgn. Men kritikken av "
+"overvåkningskapitalismen gjør unntak fra påstandene Storteknologien kommer "
+"med i salgsmateriellet sitt - overdrivelsene som tar pusten fra deg i "
+"salgsfremstøtene til potensielle annonsekjøpere på nettet og i deres "
+"reklameteknologiseminarer om effekten av produktene. Den antar at "
+"Storteknologien er så god til å påvirke oss som de påstår de er når de "
+"selger påvirkningsprodukter til pålitelige kunder. Dette er en tabbe, da "
+"salgsmateriell ikke er en pålitelig indikator på et produkts "
+"gjennomføringsevne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:319
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Surveillance capitalism assumes that because advertisers buy a lot of what "
"Big Tech is selling, Big Tech must be selling something real. But Big Tech’s "
"something even more pernicious: monopolistic control over our communications "
"and commerce."
msgstr ""
+"Overvåkningskapitalismen antar det at det kjøpes mye av markedsføringen som "
+"Storteknologien selges, så må Storteknologien selge noe som virker. Men det "
+"enorme salget til Storteknologien kan like gjerne være et resultat av en "
+"felles vrangforestilling eller noe enda mer skadelig, monopolistisk kontroll "
+"over kommunikasjonen og handelen vår."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:326
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Being watched changes your behavior, and not for the better. It creates "
"risks for our social progress. Zuboff’s book features beautifully wrought "
"ray out of a 1950s comic book, wielded by mad scientists whose "
"supercomputers guarantee them perpetual and total world domination."
msgstr ""
+"Du endrer oppførsel når noen ser på deg, og ikke til det bedre. Det skaper "
+"risiko for vår sosiale fremgang. Zuboffs bok inneholder vakkert formulerte "
+"forklaringer av disse fenomenene. Men Zuboff påstår også at overvåkning "
+"bokstavlig talt fjerner vår frie vilje, at når våre personlige data blandes "
+"med maskinlæring, så oppstår et overtalelsessystem så ødeleggende at vi er "
+"helt hjelpeløse i møte med det. Det vil si at Facebook med en algoritme til "
+"å analysere data som det henter ut fra ditt daglige liv uten samtykke, "
+"tilpasser feeden din slik at du kjøper ting. Det er en tankekontrollstråle "
+"rett ut av en femtitalls-tegneserie, der brukt av gale forskere hvis "
+"superdatamaskiner garanterer dem evigvarende og total verdensherredømme."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:340
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "What is persuasion?"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Hva er overtalelse?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:342
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"To understand why you shouldn’t worry about mind-control rays — but why you "
-"<emphasis>should</emphasis> worry about surveillance "
-"<emphasis>and</emphasis> Big Tech — we must start by unpacking what we mean "
-"by “persuasion.”"
+"<emphasis>should</emphasis> worry about surveillance <emphasis>and</"
+"emphasis> Big Tech — we must start by unpacking what we mean by "
+"<quote>persuasion.</quote>"
msgstr ""
+"For å forstå hvorfor du ikke bør bekymre deg over tankekontrollstråler, men "
+"hvorfor du <emphasis>bør</emphasis> bekymre deg over overvåkning "
+"<emphasis>og</emphasis> Storteknologi, så må vi starte ved å se på hva vi "
+"mener med <quote>overtalelse</quote>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:348
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Google, Facebook, and other surveillance capitalists promise their customers "
"(the advertisers) that if they use machine-learning tools trained on "
"faculties of the public and direct their behavior, creating a stream of "
"purchases, votes, and other desired outcomes."
msgstr ""
+"Google, Facebook, og andre overvåkningskapitalister lover sine kunder (de "
+"som markedsfører) at hvis de bruker maskinlæringsverktøy opptrent på "
+"ufattelig store datasett av personinformasjon høstet inn uten samtykke, så "
+"vil de være i stand til å finne måter å overstyre de rasjonale evnene til "
+"folket og styre deres oppførsel, og slik skape en strøm av kjøp, stemmer og "
+"andre ønskede resultater."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:357
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"The impact of dominance far exceeds the impact of manipulation and should be "
"central to our analysis and any remedies we seek."
msgstr ""
+"Effekten av dominans er mye større enn effekten av manipulering og bør "
+"derfor være hovedfokus i vår analyse og bestemmende for hvilke avhjelpende "
+"midler vi går for."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:362
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But there’s little evidence that this is happening. Instead, the predictions "
"that surveillance capitalism delivers to its customers are much less "
"surveillance capitalists like Mark Zuckerberg mostly do one or more of three "
"things:"
msgstr ""
+"Men det finnes få indiser på at det er dette som skjer. I stedet er "
+"forutsigelsene som overvåkningskapitalismen leverer til sine kunder mye "
+"mindre imponerende. I stedet for å finne måter å omgå våre rasjonelle evner, "
+"så gjør overvåkningskapitaliser som Mark Zuckerberg i hovedsak en eller "
+"flere av tre ting:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:369
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "1. Segmenting"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "1. Segmentering"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:371
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"If you’re selling diapers, you have better luck if you pitch them to people "
"in maternity wards. Not everyone who enters or leaves a maternity ward just "
"having a baby. Hence diaper ads around maternity wards (and even pitchmen "
"for baby products, who haunt maternity wards with baskets full of freebies)."
msgstr ""
+"Hvis du selger bleier, så er det større sjanse for et salg hvis du forsøker "
+"å selge dem til folk som er innom fødeavdelinger. Slett ikke alle som "
+"ankommer eller forlater en fødeavdeling har nettopp fått en baby, og ikke "
+"alle som har fått en baby er i markedet etter bleier. Men det å ha en baby "
+"er svært nært knyttet til det å være ute etter å kjøpe bleier, og det å være "
+"på en fødestue er svært nært knyttet til det å ha en baby. Dermed er det "
+"bleiereklamer i nærheten av fødeavdelinger (samt selgere av babyprodukter, "
+"som henger rundt fødeavdelinger med favnen full av gratispakker)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:382
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Surveillance capitalism is segmenting times a billion. Diaper vendors can go "
"way beyond people in maternity wards (though they can do that, too, with "
"things like location-based mobile ads). They can target you based on "
"whether you’re reading articles about child-rearing, diapers, or a host of "
"other subjects, and data mining can suggest unobvious keywords to advertise "
-"against. They can target you based on the articles you’ve recently "
-"read. They can target you based on what you’ve recently purchased. They can "
-"target you based on whether you receive emails or private messages about "
-"these subjects — or even if you speak aloud about them (though Facebook and "
-"the like convincingly claim that’s not happening — yet)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:396
+"against. They can target you based on the articles you’ve recently read. "
+"They can target you based on what you’ve recently purchased. They can target "
+"you based on whether you receive emails or private messages about these "
+"subjects — or even if you speak aloud about them (though Facebook and the "
+"like convincingly claim that’s not happening — yet)."
+msgstr ""
+"Overvåkningskapitalisem er segmentering ganger en milliard. "
+"Bleieprodusenter kan langt overgå å fokusere på folk på fødestuer (selv om "
+"de også kan gjøre slikt, ved å bruke stedsbaserte mobilreklager). De kan "
+"rette reklamen mot deg basert på om du leser artikler om barneoppdragelse, "
+"bleier, eller en hel rekke andre tema, og datautvinningen kan foreslå ikke-"
+"åpenbare nøkkelord å rette reklamen mot. De kan rette reklamen mot deg "
+"basert på artikler du nylig har lest. De kan rette reklamen mot deg baser "
+"på det du nylig har kjøpt. De kan rette reklamen mot deg basert på om du har "
+"mottatt epost eller private meldinger om disse temaene — eller til og med om "
+"du snakker høyt om dem (selv om Facebook og dets like overbevisende påstår "
+"at dette ikke gjøres — ennå)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "This is seriously creepy."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Dette er veldig ekkelt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:399
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "But it’s not mind control."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Men det er ikke tankekontroll."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:402
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "It doesn’t deprive you of your free will. It doesn’t trick you."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Det fratar deg ikke din frie vilje. Det lurer deg ikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:405
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Think of how surveillance capitalism works in politics. Surveillance "
"capitalist companies sell political operatives the power to locate people "
"organizers set up pitches at factory gates, and white supremacists hand out "
"fliers at John Birch Society meetings."
msgstr ""
+"Se hvordan overvåkningskapitalisem virker i politikken. "
+"Overvåkningskapitalistselskapene selger til politiske aktører evnen til å "
+"spore opp folk som er mottakelige for deres argumenter. Kandidater som "
+"kjører valgkamp på korrupsjon i finansbransjen leter etter folk som sliter "
+"med gjeld. Kandidater som kjører valgkamp på fremmedfrykt leter etter "
+"rasister. Politiske aktører har alltid rettet sine budskap uansett om "
+"intensjonene var hederlige eller ikke. De som danner fagforeninger sprer "
+"budskapet ved fabrikkportene, og forkjemperne for hvit overherredømme deler "
+"ut foldere på møter i John Birch Society (FIXME bedre med norsk analogi?)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:416
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"But this is an inexact and thus wasteful practice. The union organizer can’t "
"know which worker to approach on the way out of the factory gates and may "
"convinced to cross the country to carry a tiki torch through the streets of "
"Charlottesville, Virginia."
msgstr ""
+"Men dette er en unøyaktig og ressurssløsende praksis. Fagforeningenfyren kan "
+"ikke vite hvilken arbeider de bør ta kontakt med på vei ut fra fabrikken, og "
+"kan kaste bort tiden sin på en som er John Birch Society-medlem i skjul, og "
+"forkjemperen for hvitt overherredømme kan ikke hvem ar John Birch Society-"
+"medlemmene som er så fjern at det å komme seg på et møte er det meste de "
+"klarer, og hvilke som kan overtales til å reise tvers over hele landet for å "
+"bære en tiki-fakkel gjennom gatene i Charlottesville, Virginia."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:426
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Because targeting improves the yields on political pitches, it can "
"accelerate the pace of political upheaval by making it possible for everyone "
"well as less savory players like the far-right white nationalist movements "
"that marched in Charlottesville."
msgstr ""
+"Fordi målretting forbedrer nedslagsfeltet i politiske leire, kan det "
+"akselerere tempoet i en politisk omveltning ved å åpne for at alle som i "
+"hemmelighet ønsket å velte en autokrat - eller bare en politiker som har "
+"sittet i elleve perioder - i å finne alle andre som mener det samme, og til "
+"en lav kostnad. Dette har vært avgjørende for den raske utkrystalliseringen "
+"av de siste politiske bevegelsene, inkludert Black Lives Matter og Occupy "
+"Wall Street, samt mindre tiltalende aktører, som ytre høyrehvite "
+"nasjonalistiske bevegelser som marsjerte i Charlottesville."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:437
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"It’s important to differentiate this kind of political organizing from "
"influence campaigns; finding people who secretly agree with you isn’t the "
"campaigns that convince impressionable people that they have been secretly "
"queer all along."
msgstr ""
+"Det er viktig å skille denne typen politisk organisering fra "
+"påvirkningskampanjer; å finne folk som i hemmelighet er enige med deg er "
+"ikke det samme som å overbevise folk til å være enig med deg. Fremveksten av "
+"fenomener som ikke-binære eller på annen måte avvikende kjønnsidentiteter er "
+"ofte preget av reaksjonære som følge av hjernevaskingskampanjer på nettet "
+"som overbeviser påvirkbare mennesker at i hemmelighet her vært skeive hele "
+"tiden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:446
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"But the personal accounts of those who have come out tell a different story "
"where people who long harbored a secret about their gender were emboldened "
"words from these low-cost means of finding people and learning about their "
"ideas."
msgstr ""
+"Men de personlige beretningene til de som har trådt frem, forteller en annen "
+"historie hvor folk som lenge hadde en hemmelighet om deres kjønn, ble "
+"styrket av andre som trådte frem, og der folk som visste at de var "
+"forskjellige, men manglet et ordforråd for å diskutere denne forskjellen, "
+"lærte de riktige ordene på disse rimelige måtene ved å finne folk på og lære "
+"om deres ideer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:455
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "2. Deception"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "2. Villedning"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:457
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Lies and fraud are pernicious, and surveillance capitalism supercharges them "
"through targeting. If you want to sell a fraudulent payday loan or subprime "
"queries that indicate, for example, someone struggling with ill-advised "
"loans."
msgstr ""
+"Løgner og svindel er skadelige, og overvåkingskapitalismen overbelaster dem "
+"gjennom målretting. Hvis du ønsker å selge et uredelig forskuddslån frem til "
+"lønningsdagen eller et overbelastet boliglån, kan overvåkingskapitalismen "
+"hjelpe deg å finne folk som er både desperate og usofistikerte og dermed "
+"mottakelig for ditt påhopp. Dette står for fremveksten av mange fenomener, "
+"som flernivå markedsføringsopplegg, der villedende påstander om potensiell "
+"inntjening og effektive av salgsteknikker er rettet mot desperate mennesker "
+"ved å annonsere mot søk som indikerer, for eksempel, at noen sliter med lån "
+"som resultat av dårlig rådgiving."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:469
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Surveillance capitalism also abets fraud by making it easy to locate other "
"people who have been similarly deceived, forming a community of people who "
-"reinforce one another’s false beliefs. Think of <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.vulture.com/2020/01/the-dream-podcast-review.html\">the "
-"forums</ulink> where people who are being victimized by multilevel marketing "
-"frauds gather to trade tips on how to improve their luck in peddling the "
-"product."
+"reinforce one another’s false beliefs. Think of <ulink url=\"https://www."
+"vulture.com/2020/01/the-dream-podcast-review.html\">the forums</ulink> where "
+"people who are being victimized by multilevel marketing frauds gather to "
+"trade tips on how to improve their luck in peddling the product."
msgstr ""
+"Overvåkingskapitalismen fremmer også svindel ved å gjøre det enkelt å finne "
+"andre mennesker som har blitt tilsvarende bedratt, og danner et fellesskap "
+"av mennesker som forsterker hverandres falske tro. Tenk på <ulink url="
+"\"https://www.vulture.com/2020/01/the-dream-podcast-review.html\">forumene</"
+"ulink> hvor folk, som blir utsatt for flernivå markedsføringssvindel, samles "
+"for å utveksle tips om hvordan de kan forbedre sin situasjon ved å selv "
+"selge produktet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:479
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Sometimes, online deception involves replacing someone’s correct beliefs "
"with incorrect ones, as it does in the anti-vaccination movement, whose "
"convinced by seemingly plausible evidence that leads them into the false "
"belief that vaccines are harmful."
msgstr ""
+"Noen ganger innebærer villedning på nett å erstatte noens korrekte tro med "
+"feil, som det gjør i anti-vaksinasjonsbevegelsen, hvis ofre ofte er folk som "
+"begynner å tro på vaksiner, men er overbevist av tilsynelatende plausible "
+"bevis som fører dem inn i den falske troen på at vaksiner er skadelige."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:486
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"But it’s much more common for fraud to succeed when it doesn’t have to "
"displace a true belief. When my daughter contracted head lice at daycare, "
"know any better and when those beliefs are conveyed by someone who seems to "
"know what they’re doing."
msgstr ""
+"Men det er mye mer vanlig for svindel å lykkes når den ikke trenger å "
+"fortrenge en riktig overbevisning. Da datteren min fikk hodelus i "
+"barnehagen, fortalte en av barnehagearbeiderne meg at jeg kunne bli kvitt "
+"dem ved å behandle håret og hodebunnen med olivenolje. Jeg visste ikke noe "
+"om hodelus, og jeg antok at barnehagearbeideren gjorde det, så jeg prøvde "
+"det (det fungerte ikke, og det virker ikke). Det er lett å ende opp med "
+"falske tro når du rett og slett ikke vet noe bedre, og når disse "
+"overbevisningene formidles av noen som synes å vite hva de gjør."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:497
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"This is pernicious and difficult — and it’s also the kind of thing the "
"internet can help guard against by making true information available, "
"especially in a form that exposes the underlying deliberations among parties "
"with sharply divergent views, such as Wikipedia. But it’s not brainwashing; "
-"it’s fraud. In the <ulink "
-"url=\"https://datasociety.net/library/data-voids/\">majority of "
-"cases</ulink>, the victims of these fraud campaigns have an informational "
-"void filled in the customary way, by consulting a seemingly reliable "
-"source. If I look up the length of the Brooklyn Bridge and learn that it is "
-"5,800 feet long, but in reality, it is 5,989 feet long, the underlying "
-"deception is a problem, but it’s a problem with a simple remedy. It’s a very "
-"different problem from the anti-vax issue in which someone’s true belief is "
-"displaced by a false one by means of sophisticated persuasion."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:514
+"it’s fraud. In the <ulink url=\"https://datasociety.net/library/data-voids/"
+"\">majority of cases</ulink>, the victims of these fraud campaigns have an "
+"informational void filled in the customary way, by consulting a seemingly "
+"reliable source. If I look up the length of the Brooklyn Bridge and learn "
+"that it is 5,800 feet long, but in reality, it is 5,989 feet long, the "
+"underlying deception is a problem, but it’s a problem with a simple remedy. "
+"It’s a very different problem from the anti-vax issue in which someone’s "
+"true belief is displaced by a false one by means of sophisticated persuasion."
+msgstr ""
+"Dette er skadelig og vanskelig - og det er også den typen ting Internett kan "
+"bidra til å beskytte mot. Ved å gjøre sann informasjon tilgjengelig, "
+"spesielt i en form som avslører de underliggende overveielsene blant parter "
+"med skarpt divergerende synspunkter, som i Wikipedia. Men dette er ikke "
+"hjernevasking; det er svindel. I <ulink url=\"https://datasociety.net/"
+"library/data-voids/\">de fleste tilfellene</ulink>, har ofrene for disse "
+"svindelkampanjene fått et informasjonstomrom fylt på vanlig måte, ved å "
+"konsultere en tilsynelatende pålitelig kilde. Hvis jeg undersøker lengden på "
+"Brooklyn Bridge,og finner at den er 5800 fot lang, men i virkeligheten er "
+"den 5989 fot lang, er det underliggende villedningen er et problem, men det "
+"er et problem med et enkelt hjelpemiddel. Det er et helt annet problem enn "
+"anti-vaksineproblemet, der noens korrekte oppfatning er erstattet av en "
+"falsk ved hjelp av sofistikert overtalelse."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "3. Domination"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "3. Dominans"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:516
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Surveillance capitalism is the result of monopoly. Monopoly is the cause, "
"and surveillance capitalism and its negative outcomes are the effects of "
"has allowed companies to grow by merging with their rivals, buying up their "
"nascent competitors, and expanding to control whole market verticals."
msgstr ""
+"Overvåkingskapitalismen er et resultat av monopol. Monopol er årsaken, og "
+"overvåkingskapitalismen og dens negative resultater er virkningene av "
+"monopol. Jeg vil gå dypere inn i dette senere, men nå er det nok å si at "
+"teknologi-industrien har vokst opp med en radikal teori om antitrust, som "
+"har tillatt selskaper å vokse ved å fusjonere med sine rivaler, kjøpe opp "
+"sine gryende konkurrenter, og utvidet til å kontrollere hele markedet "
+"vertikalt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:525
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"One example of how monopolism aids in persuasion is through dominance: "
"Google makes editorial decisions about its algorithms that determine the "
"sort order of the responses to our queries. If a cabal of fraudsters have "
"set out to trick the world into thinking that the Brooklyn Bridge is 5,800 "
"feet long, and if Google gives a high search rank to this group in response "
-"to queries like “How long is the Brooklyn Bridge?” then the first eight or "
-"10 screens’ worth of Google results could be wrong. And since most people "
-"don’t go beyond the first couple of results — let alone the first "
-"<emphasis>page</emphasis> of results — Google’s choice means that many "
+"to queries like <quote>How long is the Brooklyn Bridge?</quote> then the "
+"first eight or 10 screens’ worth of Google results could be wrong. And since "
+"most people don’t go beyond the first couple of results — let alone the "
+"first <emphasis>page</emphasis> of results — Google’s choice means that many "
"people will be deceived."
msgstr ""
+"Et eksempel på hvordan monopolopptreden hjelper til å overtalelse gjennom "
+"dominans: Google tar redaksjonelle beslutninger om sine algoritmer som "
+"bestemmer sorteringsrekkefølgen for svarene på våre søk. Hvis en samling "
+"svindlere vil lure verden til å tro at Brooklyn Bridge er 5800 fot lang, og "
+"hvis Google gir en høy søkerangering til den gruppen som svar på spørsmål "
+"som <quote>Hvor lang er Brooklyn Bridge? </quote> Da kan de første åtte "
+"eller ti Google- skjermene ha feil verdier. Og siden de fleste ikke går "
+"lengre enn de første par resultatene – enn si resultatene på den første "
+"<emphasis>siden</emphasis> med resultater – betyr Googles valg, at mange "
+"mennesker vil bli ført bak lyset."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:538
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Google’s dominance over search — more than 86% of web searches are performed "
"through Google — means that the way it orders its search results has an "
"view to the top of the search results. There’s an obvious remedy to a "
"company that is too big to audit: break it up into smaller pieces."
msgstr ""
+"Googles dominans over søk – mer enn 86 % av nettsøkene utføres via Google – "
+"betyr at måten de organiserer søkeresultatene på, har en stor effekt på den "
+"offentlige oppfatningen. Ironisk nok hevder Google at det er derfor det ikke "
+"har råd til å ha noen åpenhet i sin algoritmedesign: Googles søkedominans "
+"gjør resultatene av sorteringen er for viktig til å risikere å fortelle "
+"verden hvordan den kommer til disse resultatene, om ikke en dårlig aktør "
+"oppdager en feil i rangeringssystemet, og utnytter det til å presse sitt syn "
+"frem til toppen av søkeresultatene. Det er et åpenbart hjelpemiddel overfor "
+"et selskap som er for stort til å bli gjennomgått: Å bryte det opp i mindre "
+"biter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:550
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
-"Zuboff calls surveillance capitalism a “rogue capitalism” whose "
+"Zuboff calls surveillance capitalism a <quote>rogue capitalism</quote> whose "
"data-hoarding and machine-learning techniques rob us of our free will. But "
"influence campaigns that seek to displace existing, correct beliefs with "
"false ones have an effect that is small and temporary while monopolistic "
-"dominance over informational systems has massive, enduring "
-"effects. Controlling the results to the world’s search queries means "
-"controlling access both to arguments and their rebuttals and, thus, control "
-"over much of the world’s beliefs. If our concern is how corporations are "
-"foreclosing on our ability to make up our own minds and determine our own "
-"futures, the impact of dominance far exceeds the impact of manipulation and "
-"should be central to our analysis and any remedies we seek."
+"dominance over informational systems has massive, enduring effects. "
+"Controlling the results to the world’s search queries means controlling "
+"access both to arguments and their rebuttals and, thus, control over much of "
+"the world’s beliefs. If our concern is how corporations are foreclosing on "
+"our ability to make up our own minds and determine our own futures, the "
+"impact of dominance far exceeds the impact of manipulation and should be "
+"central to our analysis and any remedies we seek."
msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:565
+"Zuboff kaller overvåkingskapitalismen en <quote>ukontrollert kapitalisme</"
+"quote> hvis datahamstring og maskinlæringsteknikker frarøver oss vår frie "
+"vilje. Men påvirkningskampanjer som søker å fortrenge eksisterende, korrekte "
+"overbevisninger med falsk, har en effekt som er liten og midlertidig, mens "
+"monopolistisk dominans over informasjonssystemer har massive, varige "
+"effekter. Å kontrollere resultatene til verdens søk, betyr å kontrollere "
+"tilgang både til argumenter og deres motsvar, og dermed kontroll over mye av "
+"hva verdens tror på. Hvis vår bekymring er hvordan selskaper foregriper vår "
+"muligheter å gjøre opp våre egne oppfatninger og bestemme vår egen fremtid, "
+"så overstiger virkningen av slik dominans langt virkningen av manipulasjon "
+"og bør stå sentralt i vår analyse og for alle utbedringer vi går for."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "4. Bypassing our rational faculties"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "4. Omgåelse av våre rasjonelle evner"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:567
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
-"<emphasis>This</emphasis> is the good stuff: using machine learning, “dark "
-"patterns,” engagement hacking, and other techniques to get us to do things "
-"that run counter to our better judgment. This is mind control."
+"<emphasis>This</emphasis> is the good stuff: using machine learning, "
+"<quote>dark patterns,</quote> engagement hacking, and other techniques to "
+"get us to do things that run counter to our better judgment. This is mind "
+"control."
msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>Dette</emphasis> er de gode greiene: ved hjelp av maskinlæring, "
+"<quote>mørke mønstre</quote>, \"engagement hacking\" (FIXME) og andre "
+"teknikker for å få oss til å gjøre ting som er i strid med vår egen sunne "
+"fornuft. Dette er tankekontroll."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:573
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Some of these techniques have proven devastatingly effective (if only in the "
"short term). The use of countdown timers on a purchase completion page can "
"create a sense of urgency that causes you to ignore the nagging internal "
"voice suggesting that you should shop around or sleep on your decision. The "
-"use of people from your social graph in ads can provide “social proof” that "
-"a purchase is worth making. Even the auction system pioneered by eBay is "
-"calculated to play on our cognitive blind spots, letting us feel like we "
-"“own” something because we bid on it, thus encouraging us to bid again when "
-"we are outbid to ensure that “our” things stay ours."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:586
-msgid ""
-"Games are extraordinarily good at this. “Free to play” games manipulate us "
-"through many techniques, such as presenting players with a series of "
-"smoothly escalating challenges that create a sense of mastery and "
+"use of people from your social graph in ads can provide <quote>social proof</"
+"quote> that a purchase is worth making. Even the auction system pioneered by "
+"eBay is calculated to play on our cognitive blind spots, letting us feel "
+"like we <quote>own</quote> something because we bid on it, thus encouraging "
+"us to bid again when we are outbid to ensure that <quote>our</quote> things "
+"stay ours."
+msgstr ""
+"Noen av disse teknikkene har vist seg ødeleggende effektive (om bare på kort "
+"sikt). Bruk av nedtellingstidtakere på en kjøpsfullføringsside kan skape en "
+"følelse av hast som får deg til å ignorere den gnagende interne stemmen, som "
+"antyder at du bør undersøke flere alternativer eller sove på avgjørelsen "
+"din. Bruken av personer fra den sosiale grafen i annonser kan gi "
+"<quote>sosiale bevis</quote> at et kjøp er verdt å gjøre. Selv "
+"auksjonssystemet som eBay har utviklet, er beregnet til å spille på våre "
+"kognitive blindsoner, slik at vi kan føle at vi <quote>eier</quote> noe "
+"fordi vi byr på det, og dermed oppmuntrer oss til å by igjen, når vi blir "
+"overbydd, for å sikre at <quote>våre</quote> ting forblir våre."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+msgid ""
+"Games are extraordinarily good at this. <quote>Free to play</quote> games "
+"manipulate us through many techniques, such as presenting players with a "
+"series of smoothly escalating challenges that create a sense of mastery and "
"accomplishment but which sharply transition into a set of challenges that "
"are impossible to overcome without paid upgrades. Add some social proof to "
"the mix — a stream of notifications about how well your friends are faring — "
"and before you know it, you’re buying virtual power-ups to get to the next "
"level."
msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:597
-msgid ""
-"Companies have risen and fallen on these techniques, and the “fallen” part "
-"is worth paying attention to. In general, living things adapt to stimulus: "
-"Something that is very compelling or noteworthy when you first encounter it "
-"fades with repetition until you stop noticing it altogether. Consider the "
-"refrigerator hum that irritates you when it starts up but disappears into "
-"the background so thoroughly that you only notice it when it stops again."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:607
-msgid ""
-"That’s why behavioral conditioning uses “intermittent reinforcement "
-"schedules.” Instead of giving you a steady drip of encouragement or "
+"Spill er usedvanlig gode på dette. <quote> Gratis å spille</quote>-spill "
+"manipulere oss gjennom mange teknikker, for eksempel ved å presentere "
+"spillere med en rekke jevnt eskalerende utfordringer, som skaper en følelse "
+"av mestring og prestasjon, men som skarpt går over til et sett med "
+"utfordringer som er umulige å overvinne uten betalte oppgraderinger. Legg "
+"til noen sosiale bevis i blandingen – en strøm av varsler om hvor godt "
+"vennene dine klarer det – og før du vet av det, kjøper du virtuelle "
+"oppgraderinger for å komme opp til neste nivå."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+msgid ""
+"Companies have risen and fallen on these techniques, and the <quote>fallen</"
+"quote> part is worth paying attention to. In general, living things adapt to "
+"stimulus: Something that is very compelling or noteworthy when you first "
+"encounter it fades with repetition until you stop noticing it altogether. "
+"Consider the refrigerator hum that irritates you when it starts up but "
+"disappears into the background so thoroughly that you only notice it when it "
+"stops again."
+msgstr ""
+"Selskaper har steget og falt på disse teknikkene, og de <quote>fallende</"
+"quote> delen er verdt å vie oppmerksomhet. Generelt tilpasser levende ting "
+"seg til stimuli: Noe som er veldig overbevisende eller bemerkelsesverdig når "
+"du først møter det, falmer med repetisjon til du slutter å legge merke til "
+"det helt. Tenk på lyden fra kjøleskapet, som irriterer deg når det starter "
+"opp, men som forsvinner helt i bakgrunnen, slik at du bare legger merke til "
+"den når det stopper igjen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+msgid ""
+"That’s why behavioral conditioning uses <quote>intermittent reinforcement "
+"schedules.</quote> Instead of giving you a steady drip of encouragement or "
"setbacks, games and gamified services scatter rewards on a randomized "
"schedule — often enough to keep you interested and random enough that you "
"can never quite find the pattern that would make it boring."
msgstr ""
+"Det er derfor atferdskondisjonering bruker <quote>periodiske "
+"forsterkningsmetodikker.</quote> I stedet for å gi deg et jevnt drypp av "
+"oppmuntring eller tilbakeslag, fordeler spill og spill-lignende tjenester "
+"belønninger med et randomisert oppsett - ofte nok til å holde deg "
+"interessert og tilfeldig nok til at du aldri helt kan finne mønsteret som "
+"ville gjøre det kjedelig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:615
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Intermittent reinforcement is a powerful behavioral tool, but it also "
"represents a collective action problem for surveillance capitalism. The "
-"“engagement techniques” invented by the behaviorists of surveillance "
-"capitalist companies are quickly copied across the whole sector so that what "
-"starts as a mysteriously compelling fillip in the design of a service—like "
-"“pull to refresh” or alerts when someone likes your posts or side quests "
-"that your characters get invited to while in the midst of main "
-"quests—quickly becomes dully ubiquitous. The impossible-to-nail-down "
-"nonpattern of randomized drips from your phone becomes a grey-noise wall of "
-"sound as every single app and site starts to make use of whatever seems to "
-"be working at the time."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:630
+"<quote>engagement techniques</quote> invented by the behaviorists of "
+"surveillance capitalist companies are quickly copied across the whole sector "
+"so that what starts as a mysteriously compelling fillip in the design of a "
+"service—like <quote>pull to refresh</quote> or alerts when someone likes "
+"your posts or side quests that your characters get invited to while in the "
+"midst of main quests—quickly becomes dully ubiquitous. The impossible-to-"
+"nail-down nonpattern of randomized drips from your phone becomes a grey-"
+"noise wall of sound as every single app and site starts to make use of "
+"whatever seems to be working at the time."
+msgstr ""
+"Periodiske forsterkninger er et kraftig atferdsverktøy, men det "
+"representerer også et kollektivt handlingsproblem for "
+"overvåkingskapitalismen. <quote>Engasjementsteknikkene</quote> er oppfunnet "
+"av atferdseksperter i overvåkingskapitalistiske selskaper og kopieres raskt "
+"over hele sektoren. Slik at det som starter som en mystisk overbevisende "
+"stimuli i utformingen av en tjeneste – som <quote>trykk for å oppdatere</"
+"quote> eller varsler når noen liker innleggene eller siden din, og som "
+"karakteren din inviteres til, mens den er midt i et kjedelig, "
+"allestedsnærværende hovedoppdrag. Videre tikker de tilfeldige dryppene fra "
+"din mobil, som det er umulig å ta tak i, og som blir til en grå lydvegg når "
+"hver enkelt app og nettsted arbeider."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"From the surveillance capitalist’s point of view, our adaptive capacity is "
"like a harmful bacterium that deprives it of its food source — our attention "
"— and novel techniques for snagging that attention are like new antibiotics "
-"that can be used to breach our defenses and destroy our "
-"self-determination. And there <emphasis>are</emphasis> techniques like "
-"that. Who can forget the Great Zynga Epidemic, when all of our friends were "
-"caught in <emphasis>FarmVille</emphasis>’s endless, mindless dopamine loops? "
-"But every new attention-commanding technique is jumped on by the whole "
-"industry and used so indiscriminately that antibiotic resistance sets "
-"in. Given enough repetition, almost all of us develop immunity to even the "
-"most powerful techniques — by 2013, two years after Zynga’s peak, its user "
-"base had halved."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:645
+"that can be used to breach our defenses and destroy our self-determination. "
+"And there <emphasis>are</emphasis> techniques like that. Who can forget the "
+"Great Zynga Epidemic, when all of our friends were caught in "
+"<emphasis>FarmVille</emphasis>’s endless, mindless dopamine loops? But every "
+"new attention-commanding technique is jumped on by the whole industry and "
+"used so indiscriminately that antibiotic resistance sets in. Given enough "
+"repetition, almost all of us develop immunity to even the most powerful "
+"techniques — by 2013, two years after Zynga’s peak, its user base had halved."
+msgstr ""
+"Fra overvåkingskapitalistens synspunkt blir vår adaptive kapasitet som en "
+"skadelig bakterie som frarøver den matkilden – som er vår oppmerksomhet – og "
+"nye teknikker for å hekte denne oppmerksomheten er som ny antibiotika som "
+"kan brukes til å bryte vårt forsvar og ødelegge vår selvbestemmelse. Og der "
+"<emphasis> er</emphasis> slike teknikker. Hvem kan glemme den store Zynga-"
+"epidemien, da alle våre venner ble fanget i <emphasis>FarmVille</emphasis>s "
+"endeløse, tankeløse dopaminsløyfer? Men hele bransjen hopper på hver ny "
+"oppmerksomhets-kommanderende teknikk, som så brukes så ukritisk at "
+"antibiotikaresistens setter inn. Gitt nok repetisjon utvikler nesten alle "
+"immunitet mot selv de kraftigste teknikkene - og innen 2013, to år etter "
+"Zyngas topp, hadde brukerbasen halvert seg."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Not everyone, of course. Some people never adapt to stimulus, just as some "
"people never stop hearing the hum of the refrigerator. This is why most "
"buy adult diapers, and position themselves in front of a machine until they "
"collapse."
msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:653
-msgid ""
-"But surveillance capitalism’s margins on behavioral modification "
-"suck. Tripling the rate at which someone buys a widget sounds great <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/priceonomics/2018/03/09/the-advertising-conversion-rates-for-every-major-tech-platform/#2f6a67485957\">unless "
-"the base rate is way less than 1%</ulink> with an improved rate of… still "
-"less than 1%. Even penny slot machines pull down pennies for every spin "
-"while surveillance capitalism rakes in infinitesimal penny fractions."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:663
+"Ikke alle, selvfølgelig. Noen mennesker tilpasser seg aldri stimulanser, "
+"akkurat som noen mennesker aldri slutter å høre summingen av kjøleskapet. "
+"Dette er grunnen til at de fleste som er utsatt for spilleautomater spille "
+"dem for en stund og deretter går videre mens en liten og tragisk minoritet "
+"bruker barnas oppsparte studiemidler, kjøper voksen bleier, og plasserer seg "
+"foran en maskin til de kollapser."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+msgid ""
+"But surveillance capitalism’s margins on behavioral modification suck. "
+"Tripling the rate at which someone buys a widget sounds great <ulink url="
+"\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/priceonomics/2018/03/09/the-advertising-"
+"conversion-rates-for-every-major-tech-platform/#2f6a67485957\">unless the "
+"base rate is way less than 1%</ulink> with an improved rate of… still less "
+"than 1%. Even penny slot machines pull down pennies for every spin while "
+"surveillance capitalism rakes in infinitesimal penny fractions."
+msgstr ""
+"Men overvåkingskapitalismens marginer på atferdsendring stinker. Tredobling "
+"av hastigheten når noen kjøper et skjermelement høres bra ut <ulink url="
+"\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/priceonomics/2018/03/09/the-advertising-"
+"conversion-rates-for-every-major-tech-platform/#2f6a67485957\"> med mindre "
+"grunnprisen er langt mindre enn 1 % </ulink> med en forbedret hastighet "
+"på ... fortsatt mindre enn 1 %. Selv spilleautomater med mynt bruker mynter "
+"for hvert spinn, mens overvåkingskapitalismen raker inn uendelige "
+"brøkerdeler av mynter."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Slot machines’ high returns mean that they can be profitable just by "
"draining the fortunes of the small rump of people who are pathologically "
"fared a little better, but they are rare and throw away many failures for "
"every success."
msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:681
+"Spilleautomatenes høye avkastning betyr at de kan være lønnsomme bare ved å "
+"tømme formuene til den lille gjenstående delen av personer som er patologisk "
+"sårbare for dem og ikke kan tilpasse seg triksene deres. Men "
+"overvåkingskapitalismen kan ikke overleve på brøkdeler av mynter som bringes "
+"inn fra sårbare. Det er derfor, etter at den store Zynga epidemien endelig "
+"hadde brent seg ut, kunne det lille antallet fortsatt avhengige spillere "
+"fortsatt opprettholde spillet som et globalt fenomen. Og nye kraftige "
+"oppmerksomhetsvåpen er ikke lett å finne, som det fremgår av de mange årene "
+"siden forrige gang Zynga hadde en hit. Til tross for hundrevis av millioner "
+"dollar som Zynga må bruke på å utvikle nye verktøy for å sprenge gjennom vår "
+"tilpasning, har det aldri klart å gjenta den heldige treffet som haket inn "
+"så mye av vår oppmerksomhet for et kort øyeblikk i 2009. Kraftsentra, som "
+"Supercell, har klart seg litt bedre, men de er sjeldne har mange bortkastede "
+"feil for hver suksess."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The vulnerability of small segments of the population to dramatic, efficient "
"corporate manipulation is a real concern that’s worthy of our attention and "
"energy. But it’s not an existential threat to society."
msgstr ""
+"Sårbarheten fra avgrensede deler av befolkningen til dramatisk, effektiv "
+"bedriftsmanipulasjon, er et reelt anliggende som er verdig vår oppmerksomhet "
+"og energi. Men det er ikke en eksistensiell trussel mot samfunnet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:688
-msgid "If data is the new oil, then surveillance capitalism’s engine has a leak"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+msgid ""
+"If data is the new oil, then surveillance capitalism’s engine has a leak"
msgstr ""
+"Hvis data er den nye oljen, så har overvåkningskapitalismen motorlekkasje"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:691
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"This adaptation problem offers an explanation for one of surveillance "
"capitalism’s most alarming traits: its relentless hunger for data and its "
"sensors, online surveillance, and acquisition of data streams from third "
"parties."
msgstr ""
+"Dette tilpasningsproblemet gir en forklaring på en av "
+"overvåkingskapitalismens mest alarmerende egenskaper: dens nådeløse sult "
+"etter data og dens endeløse utvidelse av evnen til datainnsamling ved "
+"spredning av sensorer, nettovervåking og oppkjøp av datastrømmer fra "
+"tredjeparter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:698
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Zuboff observes this phenomenon and concludes that data must be very "
"valuable if surveillance capitalism is so hungry for it. (In her words: "
-"“Just as industrial capitalism was driven to the continuous intensification "
-"of the means of production, so surveillance capitalists and their market "
-"players are now locked into the continuous intensification of the means of "
-"behavioral modification and the gathering might of instrumentarian power.”) "
-"But what if the voracious appetite is because data has such a short "
-"half-life — because people become inured so quickly to new, data-driven "
-"persuasion techniques — that the companies are locked in an arms race with "
-"our limbic system? What if it’s all a Red Queen’s race where they have to "
-"run ever faster — collect ever-more data — just to stay in the same spot?"
-msgstr ""
+"<quote>Just as industrial capitalism was driven to the continuous "
+"intensification of the means of production, so surveillance capitalists and "
+"their market players are now locked into the continuous intensification of "
+"the means of behavioral modification and the gathering might of "
+"instrumentarian power.</quote>) But what if the voracious appetite is "
+"because data has such a short half-life — because people become inured so "
+"quickly to new, data-driven persuasion techniques — that the companies are "
+"locked in an arms race with our limbic system? What if it’s all a Red "
+"Queen’s race where they have to run ever faster — collect ever-more data — "
+"just to stay in the same spot?"
+msgstr ""
+"Zuboff observerer dette fenomenet og konkluderer med at data må være svært "
+"verdifulle hvis overvåkingskapitalismen er så sulten på det. (I hennes ord: "
+"<quote>Akkurat som industriell kapitalisme ble drevet til kontinuerlig "
+"intensivering av produksjonsmidlene, så nå er overvåkingskapitalister og "
+"deres markedsaktører låst inn i den kontinuerlige intensiveringen av "
+"virkemidler for atferdsmodifisering og innsamlingskraftens makt. </quote>) "
+"Men hva om den grådige appetitten er fordi dataene har en så kort "
+"halveringstid - fordi folk så raskt herdes mot nye, datadrevne "
+"overtalelsesteknikker - at selskapene er låst i et våpenkappløp mot vårt "
+"glemsomme system? Hva om det hele er en Red Queen's rase hvor de må løpe "
+"stadig raskere - samle stadig mer data - bare for å holde seg på samme sted?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:713
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Of course, all of Big Tech’s persuasion techniques work in concert with one "
"another, and collecting data is useful beyond mere behavioral trickery."
msgstr ""
+"Selvfølgelig fungerer alle Storteknolgiens overtalelsesteknikker sammen med "
+"hverandre, og innsamling av data er nyttig utover bare til atferdsmessig "
+"lureri."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:718
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If someone wants to recruit you to buy a refrigerator or join a pogrom, they "
"might use profiling and targeting to send messages to people they judge to "
"learning and other techniques to figure out what kind of pitch works best on "
"someone like you."
msgstr ""
+"Hvis noen ønsker å rekruttere deg til å kjøpe et kjøleskap eller bli med i "
+"en pogrom, kan de bruke profilering og målretting for å sende meldinger til "
+"folk de bedømmer for å gi gode salgsutsikter. Meldingene i seg selv kan være "
+"villedende, og gjør påstander om ting du ikke er veldig kunnskapsrik om "
+"(matsikkerhet og energieffektivitet, eller eugenikk og historiske påstander "
+"om rasemessig overlegenhet). De kan bruke søkemotoroptimalisering og/eller "
+"hærer av falske korrekturlesere og kommentatorer og/eller betalt plassering "
+"for å dominere diskursen, slik at ethvert søk etter ytterligere informasjon "
+"tar deg tilbake til meldingene sine. Og til slutt kan de avgrense de "
+"forskjellige banene ved hjelp av maskinlæring og andre teknikker for å finne "
+"ut hva slags tonehøyde som fungerer best på noen som deg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:732
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Each phase of this process benefits from surveillance: The more data they "
"have, the more precisely they can profile you and target you with specific "
"your prospect’s fridge just expired and that they were expecting a tax "
"rebate in April."
msgstr ""
+"Hver fase av denne prosessen drar nytte av overvåking: Jo flere data de har, "
+"jo mer presist kan de profilere deg og målrette deg mot bestemte meldinger. "
+"Tenk på hvordan du ville selge et kjøleskap, hvis du visste at garantien på "
+"prospektets kjøleskap nettopp er utløpt, og at de forventer en skatterabatt "
+"i april."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:739
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Also, the more data they have, the better they can craft deceptive messages "
"— if I know that you’re into genealogy, I might not try to feed you "
-"pseudoscience about genetic differences between “races,” sticking instead to "
-"conspiratorial secret histories of “demographic replacement” and the like."
+"pseudoscience about genetic differences between <quote>races,</quote> "
+"sticking instead to conspiratorial secret histories of <quote>demographic "
+"replacement</quote> and the like."
msgstr ""
+"Jo mer data de har, desto bedre kan de lage villedende meldinger - hvis jeg "
+"vet at du liker slektsforskning, kan jeg ikke prøve å mate deg "
+"pseudovitenskap om genetiske forskjeller mellom <quote> raser,</quote> "
+"stikker i stedet til konspiratoriske hemmelige historier om <quote> "
+"demografi</quote> og lignende."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:746
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Facebook also helps you locate people who have the same odious or antisocial "
"views as you. It makes it possible to find other people who want to carry "
-"tiki torches through the streets of Charlottesville in Confederate "
-"cosplay. It can help you find other people who want to join your militia and "
-"go to the border to look for undocumented migrants to terrorize. It can help "
-"you find people who share your belief that vaccines are poison and that the "
+"tiki torches through the streets of Charlottesville in Confederate cosplay. "
+"It can help you find other people who want to join your militia and go to "
+"the border to look for undocumented migrants to terrorize. It can help you "
+"find people who share your belief that vaccines are poison and that the "
"Earth is flat."
msgstr ""
+"Facebook hjelper deg også med å finne personer som har de samme motbydelige "
+"eller antisosiale synspunktene som deg. Det gjør det mulig å finne andre "
+"mennesker som ønsker å bære bambusfakler gjennom gatene i Charlottesville i "
+"Confederate-utstyr. Det kan hjelpe deg med å finne andre mennesker som "
+"ønsker å bli med i militsen din og gå til grensen i å lete etter "
+"udokumenterte innvandrere å terrorisere. Det kan hjelpe deg å finne folk som "
+"deler din tro på at vaksiner er gift og at jorden er flat."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:756
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"There is one way in which targeted advertising uniquely benefits those "
"advocating for socially unacceptable causes: It is invisible. Racism is "
"and the only potential downside is that your ad will be seen by a lot of "
"people who don’t want refrigerators, resulting in a lot of wasted expense."
msgstr ""
+"Det er en måte der målrettet markedsføring særskilt har fordeler for de som "
+"fremmer sosialt uakseptable saker: Den er usynlig. Rasisme er spredt over "
+"et stort geografisk områdæ, og det er få plasser der rasister — og kun "
+"rasister — samles. Dette tilsvarer problemet med å selge kjøleskap i at "
+"potensielle kjøleskapskjøpere er geografisk spredt og det er få plasser der "
+"du kan kjøpe reklameplass som i all hovedsak kun vil bli sett av "
+"kjøleskapskunder. Men kjøp av kjøleskap er sosialt akseptabelt, mens det å "
+"være nazist er det ikke, så du kan kjøpe en reklametavle eller reklamere i "
+"avisens sportsdel for kjøleskapene, og den eneste potensielle ulempen er at "
+"reklamen din vil bli sett av masse folk som ikke ønsker å kjøpe kjøleskap "
+"som gir store unødvendige kostnader."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:771
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But even if you wanted to advertise your Nazi movement on a billboard or "
"prime-time TV or the sports section, you would struggle to find anyone "
"your views and partly because they fear censure (boycott, reputational "
"damage, etc.) from other people who disagree with your views."
msgstr ""
+"Men selv om du ønsker å reklamere for din nazi-bevegelse på en reklametavle "
+"eller på TV i beste sendetid eller i sportsdelen av avisen, så vil du slite "
+"med å finne noen som er villig til å selge deg reklameplass, delvis fordi de "
+"er uenige i ditt syn og delvis fordi de frykter negative konsekvenser "
+"(boykott, skadet omdømme, etc) fra andre folk som er uenige med deg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:779
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Targeted ads solve this problem: On the internet, every ad unit can be "
"different for every person, meaning that you can buy ads that are only shown "
"by an online ad buyer is different than the risks to a traditional publisher "
"or billboard owner who might want to run a Nazi ad."
msgstr ""
+"Målrettet reklame løser dette problemet: På Internettet kan hver person få "
+"forskjellige reklameeksponeringer, som betyr at du kan kjøpe reklamer som "
+"kun vises til personer som gir inntrykk av å være nazister, og ikke til folk "
+"som hater nazister. Når budskapet når feil mottaker, når noen som hater "
+"rasisme blir vist reklame for å rekruttere rasister, så kan det bli litt "
+"krøll. Plattformen eller publikasjonen kan få rasende fordømmelser enten "
+"offentlig eller privat. Men egenskapene til risikoen som en kjøper av "
+"reklame på nettet tar på seg, er forskjellig fra risikoen til en "
+"tradisjonell utgiver eller reklametavleeier som ønsker å publisere nazi-"
+"reklame."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:790
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Online ads are placed by algorithms that broker between a diverse ecosystem "
"of self-serve ad platforms that anyone can buy an ad through, so the Nazi ad "
"failing but rather as a failure in some distant, upstream ad supplier. When "
"a publication gets a complaint about an offensive ad that’s appearing in one "
"of its units, it can take some steps to block that ad, but the Nazi might "
-"buy a slightly different ad from a different broker serving the same "
-"unit. And in any event, internet users increasingly understand that when "
-"they see an ad, it’s likely that the advertiser did not choose that "
-"publication and that the publication has no idea who its advertisers are."
-msgstr ""
+"buy a slightly different ad from a different broker serving the same unit. "
+"And in any event, internet users increasingly understand that when they see "
+"an ad, it’s likely that the advertiser did not choose that publication and "
+"that the publication has no idea who its advertisers are."
+msgstr ""
+"Reklamer på nettet plasseres av algoritmer som megler mellom ulike "
+"økosystemer av selvbetjente plastformer som enhver kan kjøpe reklame "
+"gjennom, hvilket gjør at nazi-reklame som dukker opp i din "
+"favorittpublikasjon på nettet ses ikke på publikasjonens moralske fallitt, "
+"men derimot som en feil som oppstår i en fjern underleverandør av reklame. "
+"Når en publikasjon får klager om en støtende annonse som dukker opp på et av "
+"sine enheter, så kan den ta noen grep for å blokkere den reklamen, men "
+"nazistene kan kjøpe en litt anderledes reklame fra en annen megler rettet "
+"mot den samme enhet. Og uansett forstår Internettbrukerne i stadig større "
+"grad at når de ser en reklame, så er det sannsynlig at de som reklamerer "
+"ikke valgte publikasjonen, og at publikasjonen ikke aner hvem som reklamerer "
+"hos dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:804
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"These layers of indirection between advertisers and publishers serve as "
"moral buffers: Today’s moral consensus is largely that publishers shouldn’t "
"not actively choosing to put those ads there. Because of this, Nazis are "
"able to overcome significant barriers to organizing their movement."
msgstr ""
+"Disse lagene av omdirigering mellom de som reklamerer og utgiverne fungerer "
+"som moralske buffer: Dagens moralske konsensus er i stor grad at utgiverne "
+"ikke bør holdes ansvarlig for reklamen som dukker opp på sidene deres fordi "
+"de ikke har aktivt valgt å plassere disse reklamene der. Nazistene er, "
+"takket være dette, i stand til å overkomme signifikante hindre for å "
+"organisere sin bevegelse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:812
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Data has a complex relationship with domination. Being able to spy on your "
"customers can alert you to their preferences for your rivals and allow you "
"to head off your rivals at the pass."
msgstr ""
+"Data har et komplekst forhold til det å dominere. Når du kan spionere på "
+"kundene dine så kan du få varsel når de foretrekker dine rivaler og det gir "
+"deg mulighet til å gjøre det bedre enn konkurrentene dine i neste omgang."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:817
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"More importantly, if you can dominate the information space while also "
"gathering data, then you make other deceptive tactics stronger because it’s "
"supercharger that makes every tactic worth pursuing because monopolistic "
"domination deprives your target of an escape route."
msgstr ""
+"Viktigere, hvis du kan dominere informasjonsområdet samtidig med innsamling "
+"av data, så kan du forsterke andre villedende taktikker fordi det er "
+"vanskeligere å bryte ut av nettet av svik som du spinner. Dominering, det "
+"vil si til slutt å bli et monopol, og ikke dataene i seg selv, er "
+"drivkraften som gjør enhver taktikk verdt å utnytte fordi monopolistisk "
+"dominering fratar ditt mål enhver fluktrute."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:826
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If you’re a Nazi who wants to ensure that your prospects primarily see "
"deceptive, confirming information when they search for more, you can improve "
"your odds by seeding the search terms they use through your initial "
-"communications. You don’t need to own the top 10 results for “voter "
-"suppression” if you can convince your marks to confine their search terms to "
-"“voter fraud,” which throws up a very different set of search results."
-msgstr ""
+"communications. You don’t need to own the top 10 results for <quote>voter "
+"suppression</quote> if you can convince your marks to confine their search "
+"terms to <quote>voter fraud,</quote> which throws up a very different set of "
+"search results."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvis du er en nazist som vil sikre at dine potensielle kun ser villedende og "
+"bekreftende informasjon når de søker etter mer, så kan du forbedre oddsene "
+"dine ved å gi dem søkeord som de vil bruke i din initielle kommunikasjon. Du "
+"trenger ikke eie de 10 første resultatene for <quote>undertrykking av "
+"stemmer</quote> hvis du kan overbevise dine mål om å begrense sine søke ord "
+"til <quote>stemmejuks</quote>, hvilket gir en helt annen gruppe "
+"søkeresultater."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:835
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Surveillance capitalists are like stage mentalists who claim that their "
"extraordinary insights into human behavior let them guess the word that you "
"wrote down and folded up in your pocket but who really use shills, hidden "
"cameras, sleight of hand, and brute-force memorization to amaze you."
msgstr ""
+"Overvåkningskapitalister er som scenementalister som påstår at deres "
+"ekstraordinære forståelse av menneskelig oppførsel lar dem gjette hvilket "
+"ord du skrev ned og brettet sammen i lommen din, men som i virkeligheten "
+"bruker fordekte hjelpere, skjulte kamera, fingerferdigheter og direkte "
+"memorering for å gjøre deg forbløffet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:842
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Or perhaps they’re more like pick-up artists, the misogynistic cult that "
"promises to help awkward men have sex with women by teaching them "
-"“neurolinguistic programming” phrases, body language techniques, and "
-"psychological manipulation tactics like “negging” — offering unsolicited "
-"negative feedback to women to lower their self-esteem and prick their "
-"interest."
-msgstr ""
+"<quote>neurolinguistic programming</quote> phrases, body language "
+"techniques, and psychological manipulation tactics like <quote>negging</"
+"quote> — offering unsolicited negative feedback to women to lower their self-"
+"esteem and prick their interest."
+msgstr ""
+"Eller kanskje er de mer som sjekke-kunstnere, denne misogynistiske kulten "
+"som lover å hjelpe klønete menn å ha sex med kvinner ved å lære dem "
+"<quote>nevrolinguistisk programmerings</quote>-fraser, kroppsspråkteknikker "
+"og psykologiske manipulasjonsteknikker ala <quote>negging</quote> — ved å "
+"komme med uønskede negative tilbakemeldinger til kvinner for å senke deres "
+"selvtillit og fange deres interesse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:850
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Some pick-up artists eventually manage to convince women to go home with "
"them, but it’s not because these men have figured out how to bypass women’s "
-"critical faculties. Rather, pick-up artists’ “success” stories are a mix of "
-"women who were incapable of giving consent, women who were coerced, women "
-"who were intoxicated, self-destructive women, and a few women who were sober "
-"and in command of their faculties but who didn’t realize straightaway that "
-"they were with terrible men but rectified the error as soon as they could."
-msgstr ""
+"critical faculties. Rather, pick-up artists’ <quote>success</quote> stories "
+"are a mix of women who were incapable of giving consent, women who were "
+"coerced, women who were intoxicated, self-destructive women, and a few women "
+"who were sober and in command of their faculties but who didn’t realize "
+"straightaway that they were with terrible men but rectified the error as "
+"soon as they could."
+msgstr ""
+"Noen sjekke-kunstnere klarer til slutt å overbevise kvinner om å bli med dem "
+"hjem, men det er ikke fordi disse mennene har klart å finne ut hvordan en "
+"overstyrer kvinners kritiske tankeevner. I stedet er sjekke-kunstnernes "
+"<quote>suksesshistorier</quote> en blanding av kvinner som var ute av stand "
+"til å samtykke, kvinner som ble presset, kvinner som var beruset, selv-"
+"destruktive kvinner, og noen få kvinner som var edru og hadde kontroll over "
+"seg selv, men som ikke forsto med en gang at de var sammen med forferdelige "
+"menn og korrigerte feilen så raskt de kunne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:861
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Pick-up artists <emphasis>believe</emphasis> they have figured out a secret "
"back door that bypasses women’s critical faculties, but they haven’t. Many "
"anyone they try these tactics on will immediately recognize them and dismiss "
"the men who use them as irredeemable losers."
msgstr ""
+"Sjekke-kunstnere <emphasis>tror</emphasis> de har oppdaget en hemmelig "
+"bakdør som overstyrer kvinners kritiske evner, men det har de ikke. Mange av "
+"taktikkene de benytter seg av, som negging, er blitt poenget i vitser (på "
+"samme måte som folk vitser om dårlig annonsemålretting), og det er en stor "
+"sjanse for at enhver de forsøker disse teknikkene på, umiddelbart vil "
+"gjenkjenne teknikken og avvise mennene som bruker dem som uhelbredelige "
+"tapere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:870
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Pick-up artists are proof that people can believe they have developed a "
-"system of mind control <emphasis>even when it doesn’t "
-"work</emphasis>. Pick-up artists simply exploit the fact that "
-"one-in-a-million chances can come through for you if you make a million "
-"attempts, and then they assume that the other 999,999 times, they simply "
-"performed the technique incorrectly and commit themselves to doing better "
-"next time. There’s only one group of people who find pick-up artist lore "
-"reliably convincing: other would-be pick-up artists whose anxiety and "
-"insecurity make them vulnerable to scammers and delusional men who convince "
-"them that if they pay for tutelage and follow instructions, then they will "
-"someday succeed. Pick-up artists assume they fail to entice women because "
-"they are bad at being pick-up artists, not because pick-up artistry is "
-"bullshit. Pick-up artists are bad at selling themselves to women, but "
-"they’re much better at selling themselves to men who pay to learn the "
-"secrets of pick-up artistry."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:888
-msgid ""
-"Department store pioneer John Wanamaker is said to have lamented, “Half the "
-"money I spend on advertising is wasted; the trouble is I don’t know which "
-"half.” The fact that Wanamaker thought that only half of his advertising "
-"spending was wasted is a tribute to the persuasiveness of advertising "
-"executives, who are <emphasis>much</emphasis> better at convincing potential "
-"clients to buy their services than they are at convincing the general public "
-"to buy their clients’ wares."
-msgstr ""
+"system of mind control <emphasis>even when it doesn’t work</emphasis>. Pick-"
+"up artists simply exploit the fact that one-in-a-million chances can come "
+"through for you if you make a million attempts, and then they assume that "
+"the other 999,999 times, they simply performed the technique incorrectly and "
+"commit themselves to doing better next time. There’s only one group of "
+"people who find pick-up artist lore reliably convincing: other would-be pick-"
+"up artists whose anxiety and insecurity make them vulnerable to scammers and "
+"delusional men who convince them that if they pay for tutelage and follow "
+"instructions, then they will someday succeed. Pick-up artists assume they "
+"fail to entice women because they are bad at being pick-up artists, not "
+"because pick-up artistry is bullshit. Pick-up artists are bad at selling "
+"themselves to women, but they’re much better at selling themselves to men "
+"who pay to learn the secrets of pick-up artistry."
+msgstr ""
+"Sjekkekunstnere er beviset på at folk kan tro de har utviklet et system for "
+"tankekontroll <emphasis>selv når det ikke virker</emphasis>. Sjekkekunstnere "
+"utnytter ganske enkelt det faktum at en-til-en-million-sjanser kan slå til "
+"hvis du gjør en million forsøk, og så antar de ganske enkelt at de øvrige "
+"999 999 gangene gjennomførte de ganske enkelt teknikken feil og bestemte seg "
+"for å gjøre det bedre neste gang. Det er bare en annen gruppe mennesker som "
+"lar seg overbevise av sjekkekunstnernes mytologi, og det er potensielle "
+"sjekkekunstere hvis angst og usikkerhet gjør den sårbare for svindlere og "
+"menn med vrangforestillinger som overbeviser dem om at hvis de betaler for "
+"veiledningen og følger instruksene, så vil de før eller senere lykkes. "
+"Sjekkekunstnere antar at de ikke klarer å sjekke opp kvinner fordi de er "
+"dårlige sjekkekunstnere, ikke fordi sjekkekunst er vrøvl. Sjekkekunstnerne "
+"er dårlige til å markedsføre seg til kvinner, men de er mye bedre til å "
+"markedsføre seg til menn som betaler for å lære seg sjekkekunstens "
+"hemmeligheter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:898
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+msgid ""
+"Department store pioneer John Wanamaker is said to have lamented, "
+"<quote>Half the money I spend on advertising is wasted; the trouble is I "
+"don’t know which half.</quote> The fact that Wanamaker thought that only "
+"half of his advertising spending was wasted is a tribute to the "
+"persuasiveness of advertising executives, who are <emphasis>much</emphasis> "
+"better at convincing potential clients to buy their services than they are "
+"at convincing the general public to buy their clients’ wares."
+msgstr ""
+"Dagligvarehandelpioneren John Wanamaker sies å ha klaget over at "
+"<quote>Halvparten av pengene jeg bruker på markedsføring er bortkastet. "
+"Problemet er at jeg vet ikke hvilken halvpart.</quote> Det faktum at "
+"Wanamaker tenkte at kun halvparten av hans markedsføringsutgifter var "
+"bortkastet er hyllest til hvor overbevisende lederne i markedsføringbransjen "
+"er, som er <emphasis>mye</emphasis> flinkere til å overtale potensielle "
+"klienter om å kjøpe tjenester fra dem enn de er til å overbevise allmenheten "
+"om å kjøpe varene fra kundene deres."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "What is Facebook?"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Hva er Facebook?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:900
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Facebook is heralded as the origin of all of our modern plagues, and it’s "
"not hard to see why. Some tech companies want to lock their users in but "
"among the Western tech giants has built a business based on locking in its "
"users <emphasis>and</emphasis> spying on them all the time."
msgstr ""
+"Facebook meldes å være kilden til all moderne pest, og det er ikke vanskelig "
+"å forstå hvorfor. Noen teknologiselskaper ønsker å låse kundene sine inne "
+"mens de tjener penger på å kontrollere tilgangen til markedet for "
+"programvare på enhetene deres, og melker dem på pris i stedet for å spionere "
+"på dem (som Apple). Noen selskaper bryr seg ikke om innlåsing av brukerne "
+"fordi de har funnet ut hvordan de kan spionere på dem uansett hvor de er og "
+"hva de gjør, og klart å omforme denne overvåkningen til penger (Google). "
+"Facebook er alene blant de vestlige teknologigigantene i å ha bygget sin "
+"forretning basert på å låse inne brukerne sine <emphasis>og samtidig</"
+"emphasis> spionere på dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:912
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Facebook’s surveillance regime is really without parallel in the Western "
"world. Though Facebook tries to prevent itself from being visible on the "
"public web, hiding most of what goes on there from people unless they’re "
"logged into Facebook, the company has nevertheless booby-trapped the entire "
-"web with surveillance tools in the form of Facebook “Like” buttons that web "
-"publishers include on their sites to boost their Facebook profiles. Facebook "
-"also makes various libraries and other useful code snippets available to web "
-"publishers that act as surveillance tendrils on the sites where they’re "
-"used, funneling information about visitors to the site — newspapers, dating "
-"sites, message boards — to Facebook."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:926
+"web with surveillance tools in the form of Facebook <quote>Like</quote> "
+"buttons that web publishers include on their sites to boost their Facebook "
+"profiles. Facebook also makes various libraries and other useful code "
+"snippets available to web publishers that act as surveillance tendrils on "
+"the sites where they’re used, funneling information about visitors to the "
+"site — newspapers, dating sites, message boards — to Facebook."
+msgstr ""
+"Overvåkningsregimet til Facebook er i grunnen helt uten like i den vestlige "
+"verden. Selv om Facebook forsøker å unngå at de er synlige på den offentlige "
+"verdensveven, ved å skjule det meste av det som foregår der fra folk med "
+"mindre de er logget inn på Facebook, så har selskapet likevel minelagt de "
+"fleste nettsider med overvåkningsverktøy i form av Facebook <quote>Lik</"
+"quote>-knapper som de som publiserer nettsider tar med på sine nettsteder "
+"for å fremme sine Facebook-profiler. Facebook gjør også ulike biblioteker og "
+"andre nyttige kodesnutter tilgjengelig for de som publiserer nettsider, som "
+"fungerer som overvåkningstentakler på nettsteder der de blir brukt, og "
+"sluser informasjon om besøkende på nettstedene — aviser, sjekkesteder, "
+"oppslagstavler — til Facebook."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Big Tech is able to practice surveillance not just because it is tech but "
"because it is <emphasis>big</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
+"Det er ikke på grunn av at den er teknologi at Storteknologien kan utøve "
+"overvåkning, men på grunn av at den er <emphasis>stor</emphasis>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:931
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Facebook offers similar tools to app developers, so the apps — games, fart "
"machines, business review services, apps for keeping abreast of your kid’s "
"schooling — you use will send information about your activities to Facebook "
"even if you don’t have a Facebook account and even if you don’t download or "
"use Facebook apps. On top of all that, Facebook buys data from third-party "
-"brokers on shopping habits, physical location, use of “loyalty” programs, "
-"financial transactions, etc., and cross-references that with the dossiers it "
-"develops on activity on Facebook and with apps and the public web."
-msgstr ""
+"brokers on shopping habits, physical location, use of <quote>loyalty</quote> "
+"programs, financial transactions, etc., and cross-references that with the "
+"dossiers it develops on activity on Facebook and with apps and the public "
+"web."
+msgstr ""
+"Facebook tilbyr lignende verktøy til app-utviklere, slik at app-ene du "
+"bruker — spill, prompemaskiner, selskapsvurderingstjenester, app-er for å "
+"holde styr på skolehverdagen til ungene dine — vil sende informasjon om det "
+"du driver med til Facebook selv om du ikke har Facebook-konto og selv om du "
+"ikke laster ned eller bruker Facebook-app-er. Ikke nok med det, Facebook "
+"kjøper data fra tredjeparts datameglere om handlevaner, fysisk plassering, "
+"bruk av <quote>loyalitetsprogrammer</quote>, finansielle transaksjoner, etc, "
+"og kobler dette med personprofiler som utvikles basert på aktiviteten på "
+"Facebook, med app-er og den offentlige verdensveven."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:942
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Though it’s easy to integrate the web with Facebook — linking to news "
"stories and such — Facebook products are generally not available to be "
"alternative interfaces to Facebook that merge your Facebook inbox with those "
"of other services that you use."
msgstr ""
+"Selv om det er enkelt å integrere fra verdensveven til Facebook, å linke til "
+"nyheter og slike ting, så er produktene pa Facebook generelt sett ikke "
+"tilgjengelig for integering tilbake til verdensveven. Du kan bake inn en "
+"twittermelding i en Facebook-melding, men hvis du forsøker å bake inn en "
+"Facebook-melding i en twittermelding, så får du bare en lenke tilbake til "
+"Facebook og må logge inn for å se den. Facebook har brukt ekstreme "
+"teknologiske og juridiske mottiltak for å hindre rivaler fra å gjøre det "
+"mulig for deres brukere å bake inn snutter fra Facebook i konkurrerende "
+"tjenester, eller lage alternative grensesnitt til Facebook som slår sammen "
+"nye meldinger på Facebook med de fra andre tjenester du bruker."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:954
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"And Facebook is incredibly popular, with 2.3 billion claimed users (though "
"many believe this figure to be inflated). Facebook has been used to organize "
"bad things are the result of Facebook’s mind-control system, which it rents "
"out to anyone with a few bucks to spend."
msgstr ""
+"Og Facebook er utrolig populær, med 2.3 milliarder påståtte brukere (selv om "
+"mange tror dette tallet er blåst opp). Facebook har vært brukt til å "
+"organisere folkemord, rasistiske opptøyer, antivaksinebevegelser, flat jord-"
+"kulter og det politiske livet til noen av verdens styggeste, mest brutale "
+"autokrater. Det er i sannhet mange alarmerende ting som foregår i verden, og "
+"Facebook er implisert i mange av dem, så det er enkelt å konkludere med at "
+"disse stygge tingene som foregår er resultat av tankekontrollsystemet til "
+"Facebook, som de leier ut til enhver med penger å bruke på det."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:965
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"To understand what role Facebook plays in the formulation and mobilization "
"of antisocial movements, we need to understand the dual nature of Facebook."
msgstr ""
+"For å forstå hvilken rolle Facebook har i formuleringen og mobiliseringen av "
+"antisosiale bevegelser, så må vi forstå Facebook sin splittede natur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:970
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Because it has a lot of users and a lot of data about those users, Facebook "
"is a very efficient tool for locating people with hard-to-find traits, the "
"anyone who has even the slenderest chance of being in the market for a new "
"fridge."
msgstr ""
+"På grunn av at Facebook har veldig mange brukere og veldig mye data om disse "
+"brukerne, så er Facebook et veldig effektivt verktøy for å spore opp folk "
+"med egenskaper som det er vanskelig å finne. Det vil si den type egenskaper "
+"som er veldig spredt i populasjonen slik at markedsførere historisk har "
+"slitt med å finne kostnadseffektive måter å nå dem. La oss gå tilbake til "
+"kjøleskap. De fleste av oss bytter bare våre store apparater noen få ganger "
+"i livet. Hvis du er en kjøleskapsprodusent eller -forhandler, så har du bare "
+"disse små lukene i en forbrukers liv når de vurderer slike kjøp, og du må "
+"finne en måte å nå dem da. Alle som har lagt inn en statusendring etter å ha "
+"kjøpt et hus kan skrive under på at utstyrsprodusenter er utrolig desperate "
+"etter å nå enhver der det er den minste sjanse for at de er i markedet etter "
+"ett nytt kjøleskap."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:985
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"Facebook makes finding people shopping for refrigerators a "
-"<emphasis>lot</emphasis> easier. It can target ads to people who’ve "
-"registered a new home purchase, to people who’ve searched for refrigerator "
-"buying advice, to people who have complained about their fridge dying, or "
-"any combination thereof. It can even target people who’ve recently bought "
-"<emphasis>other</emphasis> kitchen appliances on the theory that someone "
-"who’s just replaced their stove and dishwasher might be in a fridge-buying "
-"kind of mood. The vast majority of people who are reached by these ads will "
-"not be in the market for a new fridge, but — crucially — the percentage of "
-"people who <emphasis>are</emphasis> looking for fridges that these ads reach "
-"is <emphasis>much</emphasis> larger than it is than for any group that might "
-"be subjected to traditional, offline targeted refrigerator marketing."
-msgstr ""
+"Facebook makes finding people shopping for refrigerators a <emphasis>lot</"
+"emphasis> easier. It can target ads to people who’ve registered a new home "
+"purchase, to people who’ve searched for refrigerator buying advice, to "
+"people who have complained about their fridge dying, or any combination "
+"thereof. It can even target people who’ve recently bought <emphasis>other</"
+"emphasis> kitchen appliances on the theory that someone who’s just replaced "
+"their stove and dishwasher might be in a fridge-buying kind of mood. The "
+"vast majority of people who are reached by these ads will not be in the "
+"market for a new fridge, but — crucially — the percentage of people who "
+"<emphasis>are</emphasis> looking for fridges that these ads reach is "
+"<emphasis>much</emphasis> larger than it is than for any group that might be "
+"subjected to traditional, offline targeted refrigerator marketing."
+msgstr ""
+"Facebook gjør det <emphasis>mye</emphasis> enklere å finne folk som handler "
+"kjøleskap . Det kan målrette annonser mot folk som har registrert et nytt "
+"boligkjøp, mot folk som har søkt etter råd om kjøp av kjøleskap, mot folk "
+"som har klaget over at kjøleskapet deres dør, eller en kombinasjon av disse. "
+"Det kan til og med målrette mot folk som nylig har kjøpt <emphasis> "
+"kjøkkenutstyr</emphasis> med teorien om at noen som nettopp har erstattet "
+"komfyren og oppvaskmaskinen, kan være i humør til å kjøpe et kjøleskap. De "
+"aller fleste som nås av disse annonsene, vil ikke være i markedet etter et "
+"nytt kjøleskap, men — det avgjørende er at prosentandelen av personer som "
+"<emphasis>er</emphasis> på jakt etter kjøleskap som disse annonsene når, er "
+"<emphasis>mye</emphasis> større enn for noen gruppe som kan bli utsatt for "
+"tradisjonell, målrettet kjøleskapmarkedsføring i den fysiske verden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1001
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Facebook also makes it a lot easier to find people who have the same rare "
"disease as you, which might have been impossible in earlier eras — the "
"decades have passed and your former classmates have all been scattered to "
"the four corners of the Earth."
msgstr ""
+"Facebook gjør det også mye enklere å finne folk som har samme sjeldne sykdom "
+"som deg, noe som kan ha vært umulig i tidligere - den nærmeste med samme "
+"lidelse kan ellers være hundrevis av miles unna. Det gjør det lettere å "
+"finne folk som gikk på samme videregående skole som deg, selv om flere tiår "
+"er gått og dine tidligere klassekamerater har blitt spredt for alle "
+"verdenshjørner."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1009
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Facebook also makes it much easier to find people who hold the same rare "
"political beliefs as you. If you’ve always harbored a secret affinity for "
"shared trait, giving you both comfort and the courage to come out to the "
"people in your life."
msgstr ""
+"Facebook gjør det også mye enklere å finne folk som har samme sjeldne "
+"politiske overbevisning som deg. Hvis du alltid har hatt en hemmelig "
+"dragning for sosialisme, men aldri våget å ytre dette høyt for at du ikke "
+"skal bli kritisert av naboene dine, kan Facebook hjelpe deg med å oppdage "
+"andre mennesker som føler det på samme måte (og det kan kanskje vise deg at "
+"din dragning er mer utbredt enn du noen gang har trodd). Det kan gjøre det "
+"enklere å finne personer som deler din seksuelle identitet. Og igjen, det "
+"kan hjelpe deg å forstå at det du trodde var en skammelig hemmelighet som "
+"bare påvirket deg, i virkeligheten var en allment delt egenskap, noe som gir "
+"deg både trygghet og mot til å komme ut til personene i livet ditt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1022
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"All of this presents a dilemma for Facebook: Targeting makes the company’s "
"ads more effective than traditional ads, but it also lets advertisers see "
"that Facebook ads are more effective than ads on systems with less "
"sophisticated targeting, advertisers can also see that in nearly every case, "
"the people who see their ads ignore them. Or, at best, the ads work on a "
-"subconscious level, creating nebulous unmeasurables like “brand "
-"recognition.” This means that the price per ad is very low in nearly every "
-"case."
-msgstr ""
+"subconscious level, creating nebulous unmeasurables like <quote>brand "
+"recognition.</quote> This means that the price per ad is very low in nearly "
+"every case."
+msgstr ""
+"Alt dette presenterer et dilemma for Facebook: Målretting gjør selskapets "
+"annonser mer effektive enn tradisjonelle annonser, men det lar også "
+"annonsører se hvor effektiv annonsene deres er. Annonsører er glade for å "
+"høre at Facebook-annonser er mer effektive enn annonser på systemer med "
+"mindre sofistikert målretting, men annonsører kan også se at i nesten alle "
+"tilfeller blir annonsene ignorerer av personene som ser dem. Eller i beste "
+"fall fungerer annonsene på et underbevisst nivå, og skaper en ikke målbar "
+"<quote>merkevaregjenkjenning</quote>. Dette betyr at prisen per annonse er "
+"svært lav i nesten alle tilfeller."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1033
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"To make things worse, many Facebook groups spark precious little "
-"discussion. Your little-league soccer team, the people with the same rare "
-"disease as you, and the people you share a political affinity with may "
-"exchange the odd flurry of messages at critical junctures, but on a daily "
-"basis, there’s not much to say to your old high school chums or other "
-"hockey-card collectors."
+"To make things worse, many Facebook groups spark precious little discussion. "
+"Your little-league soccer team, the people with the same rare disease as "
+"you, and the people you share a political affinity with may exchange the odd "
+"flurry of messages at critical junctures, but on a daily basis, there’s not "
+"much to say to your old high school chums or other hockey-card collectors."
msgstr ""
+"For å gjøre ting verre, starter mange Facebook-grupper svært lite diskusjon. "
+"Ditt lokale fotballag, folk med samme sjeldne sykdom som deg, og de du deler "
+"en politisk interesse med, kan utveksle en merkelige miks av meldinger på "
+"kritiske tidspunkt, men i hverdagen er det ikke mye å si til dine gamle "
+"kamerater fra videregående, eller andre fotballkort-samlere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1041
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"With nothing but “organic” discussion, Facebook would not generate enough "
-"traffic to sell enough ads to make the money it needs to continually expand "
-"by buying up its competitors while returning handsome sums to its investors."
+"With nothing but <quote>organic</quote> discussion, Facebook would not "
+"generate enough traffic to sell enough ads to make the money it needs to "
+"continually expand by buying up its competitors while returning handsome "
+"sums to its investors."
msgstr ""
+"Med bare diskusjoner som vokste frem <quote>naturlig</quote>, ville Facebook "
+"ikke generere nok trafikk til å selge tilstrekkelig med annonser til å tjene "
+"pengene den trenger for å kontinuerlig utvide ved å kjøpe opp sine "
+"konkurrenter mens de gir kjekke summer i utbytte til sine investorer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1047
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"So Facebook has to gin up traffic by sidetracking its own forums: Every time "
"Facebook’s algorithm injects controversial materials — inflammatory "
"happiness, and it turns out that automated systems are pretty good at "
"figuring out things that people will get angry about."
msgstr ""
+"Så Facebook må bidra til å øke trafikken ved å spore av egne fora: Hver gang "
+"Facebooks algoritme setter inn kontroversielt materiale — brennhete "
+"politiske artikler, konspirasjonsteorier, rasende historier — inn i en "
+"gruppe, så kan de kapre denne gruppens tiltenkte formål med sine fornærmende "
+"diskusjoner og ødelegge disse diskusjonene ved å gjøre dem til bitre, "
+"uproduktive argumentasjoner. Facebook er optimalisert for engasjement, ikke "
+"lykke, og det viser seg at automatiserte systemer er ganske flinke til å "
+"finne ting som folk vil bli sinte over."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1058
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Facebook <emphasis>can</emphasis> modify our behavior but only in a couple "
"of trivial ways. First, it can lock in all your friends and family members "
"staying in touch with your friends. This is a very limited form of mind "
"control, and it can only really make us miserable, angry, and anxious."
msgstr ""
+"Facebook <emphasis> kan</emphasis> endre vår oppførsel, men bare på et par "
+"trivielle måter. For det første kan det låse inne alle dine venner og "
+"slektninger slik at du sjekker og sjekker og sjekker med Facebook for å "
+"finne ut hva de gjør; og for det andre, det kan gjøre deg sint og engstelig. "
+"Det kan tvinge deg til å velge mellom å bli avbrutt hele tiden av "
+"oppdateringer — en prosess som bryter konsentrasjonen og gjør det vanskelig "
+"å være innadvendt — samt holde kontakten med vennene dine. Dette er en svært "
+"begrenset form for mental kontroll, og det kan i virkeligheten bare gjøre "
+"oss ulykkelige, sinte og engstelige."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1069
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"This is why Facebook’s targeting systems — both the ones it shows to "
"advertisers and the ones that let users find people who share their "
"interests — are so next-gen and smooth and easy to use as well as why its "
"message boards have a toolset that seems like it hasn’t changed since the "
-"mid-2000s. If Facebook delivered an equally flexible, sophisticated "
-"message-reading system to its users, those users could defend themselves "
-"against being nonconsensually eyeball-fucked with Donald Trump headlines."
-msgstr ""
+"mid-2000s. If Facebook delivered an equally flexible, sophisticated message-"
+"reading system to its users, those users could defend themselves against "
+"being nonconsensually eyeball-fucked with Donald Trump headlines."
+msgstr ""
+"Dette er grunnen til at Facebooks målrettingssystemer – både de som vises "
+"til annonsører, og de som lar brukerne finne folk som deler deres interesser "
+"— er så moderne, glatte, og enkle å bruke, samtidig som meldingstavlene har "
+"et verktøysett som virker som om det ikke har endret seg siden midten av "
+"2000-tallet. Hvis Facebook leverte et tilsvarende fleksibelt og sofistikert "
+"system for meldingslesing til sine brukere, da kunne disse brukerne forsvart "
+"seg mot å få øynene dratt uten samtykke mot blikkfangende overskrifter om "
+"Donald Trump."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1079
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The more time you spend on Facebook, the more ads it gets to show you. The "
"solution to Facebook’s ads only working one in a thousand times is for the "
"even though they make you miserable, spending so much time on the site that "
"it eventually shows you at least one ad that you respond to."
msgstr ""
+"Jo mer tid du bruker på Facebook, jo flere annonser får de vist deg. "
+"Løsningen når for Facebooks annonser fungerer bare én gang av tusen, er at "
+"selskapet prøver å øke hvor mye tid du bruker på Facebook med en faktor på "
+"tusen. I stedet for å tenke på Facebook som et selskap som har funnet ut "
+"hvordan det skal vise deg nøyaktig den riktige annonsen på nøyaktig riktig "
+"måte for å få deg til å gjøre hva annonsørene vil, tenk på det som et "
+"selskap som har funnet ut hvordan det får deg til å slite deg gjennom en "
+"endeløs strøm av argumenter, selv om de får deg til å føle deg elendig, men "
+"bruker så mye tid på nettstedet, at det til slutt viser deg minst én annonse "
+"du reagerer på."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:1091
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Monopoly and the right to the future tense"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Monopol og retten til den spennende fremtiden"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1093
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Zuboff and her cohort are particularly alarmed at the extent to which "
"surveillance allows corporations to influence our decisions, taking away "
-"something she poetically calls “the right to the future tense” — that is, "
-"the right to decide for yourself what you will do in the future."
+"something she poetically calls <quote>the right to the future tense</quote> "
+"— that is, the right to decide for yourself what you will do in the future."
msgstr ""
+"Zuboff og andre nær henne er spesielt skremt over i hvilken grad overvåking "
+"gjør det mulig for selskaper å påvirke våre beslutninger, og tar bort noe "
+"hun poetisk kaller <quote>retten til en spennende fremtid</quote> - det vil "
+"si retten til å bestemme selv hva du vil gjøre i fremtiden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1100
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"It’s true that advertising can tip the scales one way or another: When "
"you’re thinking of buying a fridge, a timely fridge ad might end the search "
"systems of total control, but they are hardly unbiased observers, and the "
"risks from their dreams coming true are very speculative."
msgstr ""
+"Det er sant at annonsering kan gi utslag på en eller annen måte: Når du "
+"tenker på å kjøpe et kjøleskap, så kan en kjøleskapsannonse i rette øyeblikk "
+"avslutte letingen der og da. Men Zuboff legger enorm og utilbørlig vekt på "
+"den overbevisende kraften i overvåkingsbaserte påvirkningsteknikker. De "
+"fleste av disse fungerer ikke så bra, og de som gjør vil ikke fungere veldig "
+"lenge. Skaperne av disse påvirkningsverktøyene er sikre på at de en dag vil "
+"raffinere dem til systemer som gir total kontroll, men de er neppe upartiske "
+"observatører, og risikoen for at drømmene deres går i oppfyllelse er svært "
+"spekulativ."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1111
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"By contrast, Zuboff is rather sanguine about 40 years of lax antitrust "
"practice that has allowed a handful of companies to dominate the internet, "
-"ushering in an information age with, <ulink "
-"url=\"https://twitter.com/tveastman/status/1069674780826071040\">as one "
-"person on Twitter noted</ulink>, five giant websites each filled with "
-"screenshots of the other four."
+"ushering in an information age with, <ulink url=\"https://twitter.com/"
+"tveastman/status/1069674780826071040\">as one person on Twitter noted</"
+"ulink>, five giant websites each filled with screenshots of the other four."
msgstr ""
+"Derimot er Zuboff ganske avslappet i forhold til 40 år med slapp antitrust-"
+"praksis, som har tillatt en håndfull selskaper å dominere Internettet, "
+"innlede en informasjonsalder med, <ulink url=\"https://twitter.com/tveastman/"
+"status/1069674780826071040\">som en person på Twitter bemerket</ulink>, fem "
+"gigantiske nettsteder hver fylt med skjermbilder fra de fire andre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1119
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"However, if we are to be alarmed that we might lose the right to choose for "
"ourselves what our future will hold, then monopoly’s nonspeculative, "
"concrete, here-and-now harms should be front and center in our debate over "
"tech policy."
msgstr ""
+"Hvis vi imidlertid skal bli skremt over at vi kan miste retten til å selv "
+"velge hva vår fremtid skal innebære, så bør monopolets ikke-hypotetiske, "
+"konkrete, her-og-nå skader være i fokus for vår debatt om teknologipolitikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1125
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"Start with “digital rights management.” In 1998, Bill Clinton signed the "
-"Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) into law. It’s a complex piece of "
-"legislation with many controversial clauses but none more so than Section "
-"1201, the “anti-circumvention” rule."
+"Start with <quote>digital rights management.</quote> In 1998, Bill Clinton "
+"signed the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) into law. It’s a complex "
+"piece of legislation with many controversial clauses but none more so than "
+"Section 1201, the <quote>anti-circumvention</quote> rule."
msgstr ""
+"La oss starte med <quote>digitale restriksjonsmekanismer</quote>. I 1998 "
+"undertegnet Bill Clinton loven Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). Det "
+"er et komplekst lovverk med mange kontroversielle bestemmelser, men ingen "
+"mer enn § 1201, <quote>anti-omgåelsesregelen</quote>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1131
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"This is a blanket ban on tampering with systems that restrict access to "
"copyrighted works. The ban is so thoroughgoing that it prohibits removing a "
"copyright infringements; rather, they are legal activities that frustrate "
"manufacturers’ commercial plans."
msgstr ""
+"Dette er et heldekkede forbud mot å tukle med systemer som begrenser adgang "
+"til opphavsrettsbeskyttede verk. Forbudet er så gjennomgripende at det at "
+"det forbyr å fjerne en opphavsrettslås, selv uten at det skjer noe brudd på "
+"opphavsretten; Aktivitetene som DMCAs Seksjon 1201 skal forby, er ikke brudd "
+"på opphavsretten; snarere er det lovlige aktiviteter som frustrerer "
+"produsentenes kommersielle planer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1139
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"For example, Section 1201’s first major application was on DVD players as a "
"means of enforcing the region coding built into those devices. DVD-CCA, the "
"disc’s region matched, the player would play the disc; otherwise, it would "
"reject it."
msgstr ""
+"For eksempel var første store anvendelse av paragraf 1201 DVD-spillere, som "
+"en måte til å håndheve regionkodingen som er innebygd i disse enhetene. DVD-"
+"CCA, som standardiserte DVDer og DVD-spillere, delte verden inn i seks "
+"regioner og spesifiserte at DVD-spillere må sjekke hver plate for å finne ut "
+"hvilke regioner den var autorisert til å spilles av i. DVD-spillere ville ha "
+"sin egen tilsvarende region (en DVD-spiller kjøpt i USA ville være region 1 "
+"mens en kjøpt i India ville være region 5). Hvis spilleren og platens region "
+"sammenfalt, kunne spilleren spille av platen; Ellers ville den avvise den."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1151
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"However, watching a lawfully produced disc in a country other than the one "
-"where you purchased it is not copyright infringement — it’s the "
-"opposite. Copyright law imposes this duty on customers for a movie: You must "
-"go into a store, find a licensed disc, and pay the asking price. Do that — "
-"and <emphasis>nothing else</emphasis> — and you and copyright are square "
-"with one another."
-msgstr ""
+"where you purchased it is not copyright infringement — it’s the opposite. "
+"Copyright law imposes this duty on customers for a movie: You must go into a "
+"store, find a licensed disc, and pay the asking price. Do that — and "
+"<emphasis>nothing else</emphasis> — and you and copyright are square with "
+"one another."
+msgstr ""
+"Men å se en lovlig produsert plate i et annet land enn den der du kjøpte "
+"den, er ikke brudd på åndsverksloven – det er det motsatte. Åndsverksloven "
+"pålegger kundene denne plikten for en film: Du må gå inn i en butikk, finne "
+"en lisensiert plate og betale prisen for den. Gjør det — og "
+"<emphasis>ingenting annet</emphasis> — så har du og åndsverksloven ingenting "
+"usnakket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1159
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The fact that a movie studio wants to charge Indians less than Americans or "
"release in Australia later than it releases in the U.K. has no bearing on "
"copyright law. Once you lawfully acquire a DVD, it is no copyright "
"infringement to watch it no matter where you happen to be."
msgstr ""
+"Det faktum at et filmstudio ønsker å kreve mindre betaling fra indere enn "
+"amerikanere eller gi den ut i Australia senere enn i Storbritannia, har "
+"ingen betydning for åndsverksloven. Når du lovlig anskaffer en DVD, er det "
+"ingen brudd på opphavsretten å se den uansett hvor du tilfeldigvis er."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1166
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"So DVD and DVD player manufacturers would not be able to use accusations of "
"abetting copyright infringement to punish manufacturers who made "
"that modified players to let you watch out-of-region discs or software "
"programmers who created programs to let you do this."
msgstr ""
+"Så produsenter av DVD og DVD-spillere skulle ikke være i stand til å bruke "
+"beskyldninger om brudd på opphavsretten for å straffe produsenter som laget "
+"ikke-samsvarende spillere som kunne spille plater fra en hvilken som helst "
+"region, eller reparasjonsverksteder som endret spillere for å la deg se "
+"disker utenfor riktig region, eller dataprogrammerere som laget programmer "
+"som lot deg gjøre dette."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1174
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"That’s where Section 1201 of the DMCA comes in: By banning tampering with an "
-"“access control,” the rule gave manufacturers and rights holders standing to "
-"sue competitors who released superior products with lawful features that the "
-"market demanded (in this case, region-free players)."
+"<quote>access control,</quote> the rule gave manufacturers and rights "
+"holders standing to sue competitors who released superior products with "
+"lawful features that the market demanded (in this case, region-free players)."
msgstr ""
+"Det er der Section 1201 i DMCA kommer inn: Ved å forby tukling med en "
+"<quote>tilgangskontroll,</quote> ga regelen produsenter og rettighetshavere "
+"grunnlag for å saksøke konkurrenter som markedsførte bedre produkter med "
+"lovlige egenskaper som markedet krevde (i dette tilfellet regionfrie "
+"spillere)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1181
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"This is an odious scam against consumers, but as time went by, Section 1201 "
"grew to encompass a rapidly expanding constellation of devices and services "
"as canny manufacturers have realized certain things:"
msgstr ""
+"Dette er en stygg svindel mot forbrukerne, men etter hvert som tiden gikk, "
+"vokste Section 1201 til å omfatte en raskt voksende samling av enheter og "
+"tjenester etterhvert som dyktige produsenter har innsett visse ting:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1189
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
-"Any device with software in it contains a “copyrighted work” — i.e., the "
-"software."
+"Any device with software in it contains a <quote>copyrighted work</quote> — "
+"i.e., the software."
msgstr ""
+"Alt utstyr med programvare i, inneholder et <quote>opphavsrettsbeskyttet "
+"verk</quote> – det vil si programvaren."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1195
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"A device can be designed so that reconfiguring the software requires "
-"bypassing an “access control for copyrighted works,” which is a potential "
-"felony under Section 1201."
+"bypassing an <quote>access control for copyrighted works,</quote> which is a "
+"potential felony under Section 1201."
msgstr ""
+"Datautstyr kan konstrueres slik at å rekonfigurere programvaren krever at en "
+"omgår en <quote>adgangskontroll for opphavsrettsbeskyttede verk</quote> som "
+"er et potensielt lovbrudd etter avsnitt 1201."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1202
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Thus, companies can control their customers’ behavior after they take home "
"their purchases by designing products so that all unpermitted uses require "
"modifications that fall afoul of Section 1201."
msgstr ""
+"Dermed kan selskaper kontrollere kundenes atferd, etterat de har tatt med "
+"seg sine kjøp hjem, ved å designe produkter slik at alle ikke-tillatt bruk "
+"krever modifiseringer som bryter med Section 1201."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1210
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Section 1201 then becomes a means for manufacturers of all descriptions to "
"force their customers to arrange their affairs to benefit the manufacturers’ "
"shareholders instead of themselves."
msgstr ""
+"Section 1201 blir da et middel for produsenter av alle beskrivelser til å "
+"tvinge sine kunder til å ordne sine saker til fordel for produsentenes "
+"aksjonærer i stedet til fordel for kundene selv."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1215
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"This manifests in many ways: from a new generation of inkjet printers that "
"use countermeasures to prevent third-party ink that cannot be bypassed "
"recognized by the tractor’s control system until it is supplied with a "
"manufacturer’s unlock code."
msgstr ""
+"Dette manifesterer seg på mange måter: Fra en ny generasjon blekkskrivere "
+"som bruker mottiltak for å forhindre tredjepartsblekk som ikke kan omgås "
+"uten juridisk risiko, - til lignende systemer i traktorer som hindrer "
+"tredjepartsteknikkere i å bytte ut produsentens egne deler, med deler som "
+"ikke gjenkjennes av traktorens kontrollsystem før den leveres med den "
+"opprinnelige produsentens opplåsingskode."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1224
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"Closer to home, Apple’s iPhones use these measures to prevent both "
-"third-party service and third-party software installation. This allows Apple "
-"to decide when an iPhone is beyond repair and must be shredded and "
-"landfilled as opposed to the iPhone’s purchaser. (Apple is notorious for its "
+"Closer to home, Apple’s iPhones use these measures to prevent both third-"
+"party service and third-party software installation. This allows Apple to "
+"decide when an iPhone is beyond repair and must be shredded and landfilled "
+"as opposed to the iPhone’s purchaser. (Apple is notorious for its "
"environmentally catastrophic policy of destroying old electronics rather "
"than permitting them to be cannibalized for parts.) This is a very useful "
"power to wield, especially in light of CEO Tim Cook’s January 2019 warning "
"to investors that the company’s profits are endangered by customers choosing "
"to hold onto their phones for longer rather than replacing them."
msgstr ""
+"Nærmere hjemme bruker Apples iPhone disse tiltakene for å forhindre både "
+"tredjepartstjeneste og tredjeparts programvareinstallasjon. Dette gjør at "
+"Apple kan bestemme når en iPhone ikke kan repareres og må makuleres og "
+"deponeres, imot hensynet til iPhone-kjøperen. (Apple er notorisk kjent for "
+"sin negative miljøpolitikk som ødelegger gammel elektronikk i stedet for "
+"tillate delebruk.) Dette er en svært nyttig maktutøvelse, spesielt i lys av "
+"at administrerende direktør Tim Cook i januar 2019 advarte investorer om at "
+"selskapets fortjeneste er truet av kunder som velger å beholde sine "
+"telefoner lenger i stedet for å erstatte dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1237
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Apple’s use of copyright locks also allows it to establish a monopoly over "
"how its customers acquire software for their mobile devices. The App Store’s "
"app. This comes out of the bottom line of software developers, who must "
"either charge more or accept lower profits for their products."
msgstr ""
+"Apples bruk av opphavsrettslåser gjør det også mulig å monopolisere kundenes "
+"programvarekjøp til sine mobile enheter. App Stores kommersielle vilkår "
+"garanterer Apple en andel av alle inntekter generert av appene som selges "
+"der, noe som betyr at Apple får betalt når du kjøper en app fra butikken og "
+"deretter fortsetter å få betalt hver gang du kjøper noe ved hjelp av den "
+"appen. Dette kommer ra bunnlinjen til programvareutviklere, som enten må ta "
+"mer betalt eller akseptere lavere fortjeneste for sine produkter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1247
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Crucially, Apple’s use of copyright locks gives it the power to make "
"editorial decisions about which apps you may and may not install on your own "
-"device. Apple has used this power to <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/5982243/Apple-bans-dictionary-from-App-Store-over-swear-words.html\">reject "
-"dictionaries</ulink> for containing obscene words; to <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/538kan/apple-just-banned-the-app-that-tracks-us-drone-strikes-again\">limit "
-"political speech</ulink>, especially from apps that make sensitive political "
-"commentary such as an app that notifies you every time a U.S. drone kills "
-"someone somewhere in the world; and to <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2016-05-19-palestinian-indie-game-must-not-be-called-a-game-apple-says\">object "
-"to a game</ulink> that commented on the Israel-Palestine conflict."
-msgstr ""
+"device. Apple has used this power to <ulink url=\"https://www.telegraph.co."
+"uk/technology/apple/5982243/Apple-bans-dictionary-from-App-Store-over-swear-"
+"words.html\">reject dictionaries</ulink> for containing obscene words; to "
+"<ulink url=\"https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/538kan/apple-just-banned-the-"
+"app-that-tracks-us-drone-strikes-again\">limit political speech</ulink>, "
+"especially from apps that make sensitive political commentary such as an app "
+"that notifies you every time a U.S. drone kills someone somewhere in the "
+"world; and to <ulink url=\"https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2016-05-19-"
+"palestinian-indie-game-must-not-be-called-a-game-apple-says\">object to a "
+"game</ulink> that commented on the Israel-Palestine conflict."
+msgstr ""
+"Avgjørende er det at Apples bruk av opphavsrett låser inn og gir den makt "
+"til å ta redaksjonelle beslutninger om hvilke apper du kan og ikke kan "
+"installere på din egen enhet. Apple har brukt denne makten til å <ulink url="
+"\"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/5982243/Apple-bans-dictionary-"
+"from-App-Store-over-swear-words.html\">avise ordbøker</ulink> for å "
+"inneholde uanstendige ord; til <ulink url=\"https://www.vice.com/en_us/"
+"article/538kan/apple-just-banned-the-app-that-tracks-us-drone-strikes-again"
+"\">begrense politiske uttalelser</ulink>, spesielt fra apper som gjør "
+"sensitive politiske kommentarer, som en app som varsler deg hver gang en "
+"amerikansk drone dreper noen et sted i verden; Og til <ulink url=\"https://"
+"www.eurogamer.net/articles/2016-05-19-palestinian-indie-game-must-not-be-"
+"called-a-game-apple-says\">har innvending mot et spill</ulink> som "
+"kommenterte Israel-Palestina-konflikten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1260
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Apple often justifies monopoly power over software installation in the name "
"of security, arguing that its vetting of apps for its store means that it "
"can guard its users against apps that contain surveillance code. But this "
-"cuts both ways. In China, the government <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.ft.com/content/ad42e536-cf36-11e7-b781-794ce08b24dc\">ordered "
-"Apple to prohibit the sale of privacy tools</ulink> like VPNs with the "
-"exception of VPNs that had deliberately introduced flaws designed to let the "
-"Chinese state eavesdrop on users. Because Apple uses technological "
-"countermeasures — with legal backstops — to block customers from installing "
-"unauthorized apps, Chinese iPhone owners cannot readily (or legally) acquire "
-"VPNs that would protect them from Chinese state snooping."
-msgstr ""
+"cuts both ways. In China, the government <ulink url=\"https://www.ft.com/"
+"content/ad42e536-cf36-11e7-b781-794ce08b24dc\">ordered Apple to prohibit the "
+"sale of privacy tools</ulink> like VPNs with the exception of VPNs that had "
+"deliberately introduced flaws designed to let the Chinese state eavesdrop on "
+"users. Because Apple uses technological countermeasures — with legal "
+"backstops — to block customers from installing unauthorized apps, Chinese "
+"iPhone owners cannot readily (or legally) acquire VPNs that would protect "
+"them from Chinese state snooping."
+msgstr ""
+"Apple rettferdiggjør ofte monopolmakt over programvareinstallasjon ut fra "
+"sikkerhetshensynet, og hevder at dets verifisering av apper for butikken sin "
+"betyr at den kan beskytte brukerne mot apper som inneholder overvåkingskode. "
+"Men dette går begge veier. I Kina beordret regjeringen <ulink url=\"https://"
+"www.ft.com/content/ad42e536-cf36-11e7-b781-794ce08b24dc\">Apple til å forby "
+"salg av personvernverktøy</ulink> som VPN med unntak av VPN-er som bevisst "
+"hadde innført designfeil for å la den kinesiske staten tyvlytte på brukere. "
+"Fordi Apple bruker teknologiske mottiltak – med juridisk beskyttelse – for å "
+"blokkere kunder fra å installere uautoriserte apper, kan ikke kinesiske "
+"iPhone-eiere lett (eller lovlig) skaffe VPN-er som ville beskytte dem mot "
+"kinesisk statssnoking."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1274
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"Zuboff calls surveillance capitalism a “rogue capitalism.” Theoreticians of "
-"capitalism claim that its virtue is that it <ulink "
-"url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_signal\">aggregates information in "
-"the form of consumers’ decisions</ulink>, producing efficient "
-"markets. Surveillance capitalism’s supposed power to rob its victims of "
-"their free will through computationally supercharged influence campaigns "
-"means that our markets no longer aggregate customers’ decisions because we "
-"customers no longer decide — we are given orders by surveillance "
-"capitalism’s mind-control rays."
-msgstr ""
+"Zuboff calls surveillance capitalism a <quote>rogue capitalism.</quote> "
+"Theoreticians of capitalism claim that its virtue is that it <ulink url="
+"\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_signal\">aggregates information in the "
+"form of consumers’ decisions</ulink>, producing efficient markets. "
+"Surveillance capitalism’s supposed power to rob its victims of their free "
+"will through computationally supercharged influence campaigns means that our "
+"markets no longer aggregate customers’ decisions because we customers no "
+"longer decide — we are given orders by surveillance capitalism’s mind-"
+"control rays."
+msgstr ""
+"Zuboff kaller overvåkingskapitalismen en <quote>bedragersk kapitalisme. </"
+"quote> Kapitalismens teoretikere hevder at dens dyd er at den <ulink url="
+"\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_signal\">aggregerer informasjon om "
+"forbrukernes beslutninger</ulink>, som produserer effektive markeder. "
+"Overvåkingskapitalismens antatte makt til å bemektige seg sine ofres frie "
+"vilje gjennom beregnede, superladede innflytelseskampanjer som betyr at våre "
+"markeder ikke lenger samler kundenes beslutninger fordi vi kunder ikke "
+"lenger bestemmer - vi får ordrer av overvåkingskapitalismens "
+"tankekontrollstråler."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1285
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If our concern is that markets cease to function when consumers can no "
"longer make choices, then copyright locks should concern us at "
"<emphasis>least</emphasis> as much as influence campaigns. An influence "
"campaign might nudge you to buy a certain brand of phone; but the copyright "
"locks on that phone absolutely determine where you get it serviced, which "
-"apps can run on it, and when you have to throw it away rather than fixing "
-"it."
+"apps can run on it, and when you have to throw it away rather than fixing it."
msgstr ""
+"Hvis vår bekymring er at markedene slutter å fungere når forbrukerne ikke "
+"lenger kan ta valg, bør opphavsrettslåser angå oss <emphasis>minst</"
+"emphasis> så mye som innflytelseskampanjer. En påvirkningskampanje kan skyve "
+"deg til å kjøpe et bestemt telefonmerke. men opphavsretten låser denne "
+"telefonen helt til å bestemme hvor du får det reparert, hvilke apper som kan "
+"kjøre på den, og når du må kvitte deg med den i stedet for å fikse den."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:1294
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Search order and the right to the future tense"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Søkerekkefølge og retten til en spennende fremtid"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1296
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Markets are posed as a kind of magic: By discovering otherwise hidden "
"information conveyed by the free choices of consumers, those consumers’ "
"efficient allocations—more efficient than any computer could calculate. But "
"monopolies are incompatible with that notion. When you only have one app "
"store, the owner of the store — not the consumer — decides on the range of "
-"choices. As Boss Tweed once said, “I don’t care who does the electing, so "
-"long as I get to do the nominating.” A monopolized market is an election "
-"whose candidates are chosen by the monopolist."
-msgstr ""
+"choices. As Boss Tweed once said, <quote>I don’t care who does the electing, "
+"so long as I get to do the nominating.</quote> A monopolized market is an "
+"election whose candidates are chosen by the monopolist."
+msgstr ""
+"Markedene fremstilles som en slags magi: Ved å oppdage ellers skjult "
+"informasjon formidlet av de frie valgene til forbrukerne, blir disse "
+"forbrukernes lokale kunnskap integrert i et selv korrigerende system som "
+"gjør effektive tildelinger - mer effektive enn noen datamaskin kunne "
+"beregne. Men monopoler er uforenlige med den oppfatningen. Når du bare har "
+"én appbutikk, bestemmer eieren av butikken – ikke forbrukeren – bredden i "
+"utvalget. Som Boss Tweed en gang sa: <quote>Jeg bryr meg ikke om hvem som "
+"velger, så lenge jeg får lage innstillingen.</quote> Et monopolisert marked "
+"er et valg der utvalget er valgt ut av monopolisten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1308
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"This ballot rigging is made more pernicious by the existence of monopolies "
"over search order. Google’s search market share is about 90%. When Google’s "
"ranking algorithm puts a result for a popular search term in its top 10, "
"that helps determine the behavior of millions of people. If Google’s answer "
-"to “Are vaccines dangerous?” is a page that rebuts anti-vax conspiracy "
-"theories, then a sizable portion of the public will learn that vaccines are "
-"safe. If, on the other hand, Google sends those people to a site affirming "
-"the anti-vax conspiracies, a sizable portion of those millions will come "
-"away convinced that vaccines are dangerous."
-msgstr ""
+"to <quote>Are vaccines dangerous?</quote> is a page that rebuts anti-vax "
+"conspiracy theories, then a sizable portion of the public will learn that "
+"vaccines are safe. If, on the other hand, Google sends those people to a "
+"site affirming the anti-vax conspiracies, a sizable portion of those "
+"millions will come away convinced that vaccines are dangerous."
+msgstr ""
+"Oppsettet av stemmeseddelen skades mer ved eksistensen av søkeorden-"
+"monopoler. Googles søkemarkedsandel er ca 90%. Når Googles "
+"rangeringsalgoritme legger et resultat for et populært søkeord i topp 10, "
+"bidrar det til å bestemme atferden til millioner av mennesker. Hvis Googles "
+"svar på <quote>Er vaksiner farlige?</quote> er en side som motbeviser anti-"
+"vaksine konspirasjonsteorier, vil en betydelig del av publikum lære at "
+"vaksiner er trygge. Hvis Google derimot sender disse menneskene til et "
+"nettsted som bekrefter anti-vaksine-konspirasjonene, vil en betydelig del av "
+"disse millionene komme bort overbevist om at vaksiner er farlige."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1320
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Google’s algorithm is often tricked into serving disinformation as a "
"prominent search result. But in these cases, Google isn’t persuading people "
"to change their minds; it’s just presenting something untrue as fact when "
"the user has no cause to doubt it."
msgstr ""
+"Googles algoritme blir ofte lurt til å støtte desinformasjon som et tydelig "
+"søkeresultat. Men i disse tilfellene overtaler ikke Google folk til å "
+"ombestemme seg. det presenteres bare noe usant som faktum når brukeren ikke "
+"har noen grunn til å trekke det i tvil."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1326
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"This is true whether the search is for “Are vaccines dangerous?” or “best "
-"restaurants near me.” Most users will never look past the first page of "
-"search results, and when the overwhelming majority of people all use the "
-"same search engine, the ranking algorithm deployed by that search engine "
-"will determine myriad outcomes (whether to adopt a child, whether to have "
-"cancer surgery, where to eat dinner, where to move, where to apply for a "
-"job) to a degree that vastly outstrips any behavioral outcomes dictated by "
-"algorithmic persuasion techniques."
-msgstr ""
+"This is true whether the search is for <quote>Are vaccines dangerous?</"
+"quote> or <quote>best restaurants near me.</quote> Most users will never "
+"look past the first page of search results, and when the overwhelming "
+"majority of people all use the same search engine, the ranking algorithm "
+"deployed by that search engine will determine myriad outcomes (whether to "
+"adopt a child, whether to have cancer surgery, where to eat dinner, where to "
+"move, where to apply for a job) to a degree that vastly outstrips any "
+"behavioral outcomes dictated by algorithmic persuasion techniques."
+msgstr ""
+"Dette gjelder enten søket er for <quote>Er vaksiner farlige?</quote> eller "
+"<quote>beste restauranter i nærheten av meg.</quote> De fleste brukere vil "
+"aldri se forbi den første siden med søkeresultater, og når det store "
+"flertallet bruker samme søkemotor, vil rangeringsalgoritmen gitt av denne "
+"søkemotoren bestemme utallige utfall (om å adoptere et barn, om å ha "
+"kreftkirurgi, hvor de skal spise middag, hvor de skal flytte, hvor du skal "
+"søke jobb) som i stor grad overgår mulige atferdsutfall diktert av "
+"algoritmiske overtalelsesteknikker."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1337
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Many of the questions we ask search engines have no empirically correct "
-"answers: “Where should I eat dinner?” is not an objective question. Even "
-"questions that do have correct answers (“Are vaccines dangerous?”) don’t "
-"have one empirically superior source for that answer. Many pages affirm the "
-"safety of vaccines, so which one goes first? Under conditions of "
-"competition, consumers can choose from many search engines and stick with "
-"the one whose algorithmic judgment suits them best, but under conditions of "
-"monopoly, we all get our answers from the same place."
-msgstr ""
+"answers: <quote>Where should I eat dinner?</quote> is not an objective "
+"question. Even questions that do have correct answers (<quote>Are vaccines "
+"dangerous?</quote>) don’t have one empirically superior source for that "
+"answer. Many pages affirm the safety of vaccines, so which one goes first? "
+"Under conditions of competition, consumers can choose from many search "
+"engines and stick with the one whose algorithmic judgment suits them best, "
+"but under conditions of monopoly, we all get our answers from the same place."
+msgstr ""
+"Mange av spørsmålene vi stiller til søkemotorer har ingen empirisk riktige "
+"svar: <quote>Hvor skal jeg spise middag?</quote> er ikke et objektivt "
+"spørsmål. Selv spørsmål som har riktige svar (<quote>Er vaksiner farlige?</"
+"quote>) har ikke en empirisk overlegen kilde til det svaret. Mange sider "
+"bekrefter sikkerheten til vaksiner, så hvilken går først? Ved konkurranse "
+"kan forbrukerne velge mellom mange søkemotorer og holde seg til den der "
+"algoritme-dommen passer best for dem, men i en monopolsituasjon får vi alle "
+"våre svar fra samme sted."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1348
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Google’s search dominance isn’t a matter of pure merit: The company has "
-"leveraged many tactics that would have been prohibited under classical, "
-"pre-Ronald-Reagan antitrust enforcement standards to attain its "
-"dominance. After all, this is a company that has developed two major "
-"products: a really good search engine and a pretty good Hotmail clone. Every "
-"other major success it’s had — Android, YouTube, Google Maps, etc. — has "
-"come through an acquisition of a nascent competitor. Many of the company’s "
-"key divisions, such as the advertising technology of DoubleClick, violate "
-"the historical antitrust principle of structural separation, which forbade "
-"firms from owning subsidiaries that competed with their "
-"customers. Railroads, for example, were barred from owning freight companies "
-"that competed with the shippers whose freight they carried."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1364
+"leveraged many tactics that would have been prohibited under classical, pre-"
+"Ronald-Reagan antitrust enforcement standards to attain its dominance. After "
+"all, this is a company that has developed two major products: a really good "
+"search engine and a pretty good Hotmail clone. Every other major success "
+"it’s had — Android, YouTube, Google Maps, etc. — has come through an "
+"acquisition of a nascent competitor. Many of the company’s key divisions, "
+"such as the advertising technology of DoubleClick, violate the historical "
+"antitrust principle of structural separation, which forbade firms from "
+"owning subsidiaries that competed with their customers. Railroads, for "
+"example, were barred from owning freight companies that competed with the "
+"shippers whose freight they carried."
+msgstr ""
+"Googles søkedominans er ikke et spørsmål om ren fortjeneste: Selskapet har "
+"utnyttet mange taktikker som ville ha blitt forbudt under klassiske, pre-"
+"Ronald-Reagan antitrust håndhevelsestandarder for å oppnå sin dominans. "
+"Tross alt er dette et selskap som har utviklet to store produkter: En veldig "
+"god søkemotor og en ganske god Hot-mail klone. Hver annen større suksess det "
+"har hatt - Android, YouTube, Google Maps, etc. - har kommet gjennom et "
+"oppkjøp av en gryende konkurrent. Mange av selskapets sentrale divisjoner, "
+"som reklameteknologien til DoubleClick, bryter med det historiske "
+"antitrustprinsippet om strukturell separasjon, som forbød bedrifter å eie "
+"datterselskaper som konkurrerte med sine kunder. Jernbaner, for eksempel, "
+"ble utestengt fra å eie fraktselskaper som konkurrerte med avsenderne de "
+"fraktet for."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If we’re worried about giant companies subverting markets by stripping "
"consumers of their ability to make free choices, then vigorous antitrust "
"(and good judgment, too) of Google search engineers and product managers "
"would not have such an outsized effect on consumer choice."
msgstr ""
+"Hvis vi er bekymret for at gigantiske selskaper skal undergrave markeder ved "
+"å strippe forbrukerne evne til å gjøre frie valg, så er kraftig antitrust-"
+"håndhevelse et utmerket middel. Hvis vi hadde nektet Google retten til å "
+"gjennomføre sine mange fusjoner, ville vi også sannsynligvis ha nektet det "
+"sin totale søkedominans. Uten denne dominansen ville ikke yndlings-teoriene, "
+"skjevhetene, feilene (og god dømmekraft) hos Googlec søkeingeniører og "
+"produktansvarlige ha en så stor effekt på forbrukervalg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1374
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"This goes for many other companies. Amazon, a classic surveillance "
"capitalist, is obviously the dominant tool for searching Amazon — though "
"monopoly for stripping consumers of their right to the future tense and the "
"ability to shape markets by making informed choices."
msgstr ""
+"Dette gjelder også for mange andre selskaper. Amazon, en klassisk "
+"overvåkingskapitalist, er åpenbart det dominerende verktøyet for å søke i "
+"Amazon - selv om mange mennesker finner veien til Amazon gjennom Google-søk "
+"og Facebook-innlegg - og Amazon kontrollerer åpenbart Amazon-søk. Det betyr "
+"at Amazons egenbetjente redaksjonelle valg – som å fremme sine egne "
+"varemerker fremfor rivaliserende varer fra selgerne, samt egne "
+"yndlingsteorier, fordommer og feil – bestemmer mye av det vi kjøper på "
+"Amazon. Og siden Amazon er den dominerende nettforhandler utenfor Kina, og "
+"siden det er oppnådd dominans ved å kjøpe opp både store rivaler og gryende "
+"konkurrenter i tross for historiske antitrust regler, kan vi klandre "
+"monopolet for å frata forbrukere deres rett til en spennende fremtid og "
+"evnen til å forme markeder ved å gjøre informerte valg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1389
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Not every monopolist is a surveillance capitalist, but that doesn’t mean "
"they’re not able to shape consumer choices in wide-ranging ways. Zuboff "
"new products to launch, effectively using independent software vendors as "
"free-market researchers, then forcing them out of any markets they discover."
msgstr ""
+"Ikke alle monopolister er en overvåkingskapitalist, men det betyr ikke at de "
+"ikke er i stand til å forme forbrukervalg som favner vidt. Zuboff hyller "
+"Apple for sin App Store og iTunes Store, og insisterer på at det å legge til "
+"prislapper på funksjonene på plattformene har vært hemmeligheten bak å "
+"motstå overvåking og dermed skape markeder. Men Apple er den eneste "
+"forhandleren som har lov til å selge på sine plattformer, og det er den nest "
+"største leverandøren av mobilenheter i verden. De uavhengige "
+"programvareleverandørene som selger gjennom Apples markedsplass anklager "
+"selskapet for de samme overvåkingssyndene som Amazon og andre store "
+"forhandlere: spionere på sine kunder for å finne lukrative nye produkter å "
+"lansere, å effektivt bruke uavhengige programvareleverandører til fritt å "
+"utforske markedet, og deretter tvinge dem ut av alle markeder de oppdager."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1404
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Because of its use of copyright locks, Apple’s mobile customers are not "
"legally allowed to switch to a rival retailer for its apps if they want to "
"do so on an iPhone. Apple, obviously, is the only entity that gets to decide "
"how it ranks the results of search queries in its stores. These decisions "
"ensure that some apps are often installed (because they appear on page one) "
-"and others are never installed (because they appear on page one "
-"million). Apple’s search-ranking design decisions have a vastly more "
-"significant effect on consumer behaviors than influence campaigns delivered "
-"by surveillance capitalism’s ad-serving bots."
-msgstr ""
+"and others are never installed (because they appear on page one million). "
+"Apple’s search-ranking design decisions have a vastly more significant "
+"effect on consumer behaviors than influence campaigns delivered by "
+"surveillance capitalism’s ad-serving bots."
+msgstr ""
+"Ved bruk av opphavsrettslåser har Apples mobilkunder ikke lov til å bytte "
+"sine Iphone-apper til en rivaliserende forhandler hvis de ønsker det. Apple "
+"er åpenbart den eneste enheten som får bestemme hvordan den rangerer "
+"resultatene av søk i butikkene sine. Disse beslutningene sikrer at enkelte "
+"apper ofte installeres (fordi de vises på side én) og andre aldri "
+"installeres (fordi de vises på side én million). Apples beslutninger om "
+"søkedesign har en vesentlig større virkning på forbrukeratferd enn å påvirke "
+"kampanjer levert av overvåkingskapitalismens roboter for annonselevering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:1416
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Monopolists can afford sleeping pills for watchdogs"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Monopolister har råd til sovepiller for vakthundene"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1418
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Only the most extreme market ideologues think that markets can self-regulate "
"without state oversight. Markets need watchdogs — regulators, lawmakers, and "
"activities that companies are able to get away with because no one is "
"holding them to account."
msgstr ""
+"Bare de mest ekstreme markedsideologene tror at markedene selvregulerer uten "
+"statlig tilsyn. Markeder trenger vakthunder – regulatorer, lovgivere og "
+"andre demokratiske kontrollelementer – for at de skal være pålitelige. Når "
+"disse vaktbikkjene sover på jobben, slutter markedene å aggregere "
+"forbrukervalg, fordi disse valgene begrenses av illegitime og villedende "
+"aktiviteter, som selskaper klarer å komme unna med, fordi ingen holder dem "
+"ansvarlige."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1428
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But this kind of regulatory capture doesn’t come cheap. In competitive "
"sectors, where rivals are constantly eroding one another’s margins, "
"individual firms lack the surplus capital to effectively lobby for laws and "
"regulations that serve their ends."
msgstr ""
+"Men denne typen regulatoriske seire kommer ikke billig. I konkurransedyktige "
+"sektorer, der rivaler stadig svekker hverandres marginer, mangler "
+"enkeltbedrifter overskuddskapital til effektivt å lobbe for lover og "
+"forskrifter som tjener sine formål."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1434
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Many of the harms of surveillance capitalism are the result of weak or "
"nonexistent regulation. Those regulatory vacuums spring from the power of "
"monopolists to resist stronger regulation and to tailor what regulation "
"exists to permit their existing businesses."
msgstr ""
+"Mye av skadene fra overvåkningskapitalisem er resultat av svak eller "
+"manglende regulering. Dette fravær av regulering kommer av makten "
+"monopolistene har til å hindre sterkere regulering og å tilpasse den "
+"reguleringen som finnes slik at det gjør deres eksisterende "
+"forretningsmodell mulig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1440
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Here’s an example: When firms over-collect and over-retain our data, they "
"are at increased risk of suffering a breach — you can’t leak data you never "
"ever-worsening data breaches, each one uniquely horrible in the scale of "
"data breached and the sensitivity of that data."
msgstr ""
+"Her er et eksempel: Når bedrifter samler inn for mye og lagrer våre data for "
+"lenge, så øker de risikoen for å utsettes for datalekkasje – du kan ikke "
+"lekke data du aldri har samlet inn, og når du sletter alle kopier av disse "
+"dataene, kan du ikke lenger lekke dem. I mer enn et tiår har vi levd gjennom "
+"en endeløs rekke av stadig forverrede datalekkasjer, hvert og ett helt "
+"avskyelig i omfanget og i hvor sensive disse datasettene har vært."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1449
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But still, firms continue to over-collect and over-retain our data for three "
"reasons:"
msgstr ""
+"Men likevel fortsetter bedrifter av tre grunner å over-samle og over-beholde "
+"våre data:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1453
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">1. They are locked in the aforementioned limbic "
"arms race with our capacity to shore up our attentional defense systems to "
"it, hastening the day in which all potential refrigerator buyers have been "
"inured to the pitch."
msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">1. De er låst i det nevnte lemlestende "
+"våpenkappløpet opp mot vår evne til å sikre oppmerksomhet fra våre "
+"forsvarssystemer til å motstå de nye overtalelsesteknikker deres.</emphasis> "
+"De er også låst i et våpenkappløp med sine konkurrenter for å finne nye "
+"måter å målrette folk til sine salgssteder. Så snart de oppdager et mykt "
+"sted i vårt oppmerksomhetsforsvar (en mot-intuitiv, ulydig måte å målrette "
+"potensielle kjøleskap kjøpere på), begynner publikum å bli oppmerksom på "
+"taktikken, og konkurrentene deres hopper på den, fremskyndes dagen der alle "
+"potensielle kjøleskapskjøpere har kommet på banen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1465
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"<emphasis role=\"strong\">2. They believe the surveillance capitalism "
-"story.</emphasis> Data is cheap to aggregate and store, and both proponents "
-"and opponents of surveillance capitalism have assured managers and product "
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">2. They believe the surveillance capitalism story."
+"</emphasis> Data is cheap to aggregate and store, and both proponents and "
+"opponents of surveillance capitalism have assured managers and product "
"designers that if you collect enough data, you will be able to perform "
"sorcerous acts of mind control, thus supercharging your sales. Even if you "
"never figure out how to profit from the data, someone else will eventually "
"will buy it from you for more than you paid for it, often to sell to someone "
"else at an even greater price."
msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">2. De tror på overvåkingskapitalismens historie.</"
+"emphasis> Data er billige å samle og lagre, og både tilhengere og "
+"motstandere av overvåkingskapitalismen har forsikret ledere og "
+"produktdesignere om at hvis du samler inn nok data, vil du kunne utføre "
+"trolldom med mental kontroll, og dermed overoppfylle salget. Selv om du "
+"aldri finner ut hvordan du kan tjene på dataene, noen andre vil til slutt "
+"tilby å kjøpe de fra deg for å gjøre et forsøk. Dette er kjennetegner alle "
+"økonomiske bobler: Å anskaffe en eiendel med antagelsen om at noen andre vil "
+"kjøpe den fra deg for mer enn du betalte for det, ofte å selge til noen "
+"andre til en enda høyere pris."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1478
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"<emphasis role=\"strong\">3. The penalties for leaking data are "
-"negligible.</emphasis> Most countries limit these penalties to actual "
-"damages, meaning that consumers who’ve had their data breached have to show "
-"actual monetary harms to get a reward. In 2014, Home Depot disclosed that it "
-"had lost credit-card data for 53 million of its customers, but it settled "
-"the matter by paying those customers about $0.34 each — and a third of that "
-"$0.34 wasn’t even paid in cash. It took the form of a credit to procure a "
-"largely ineffectual credit-monitoring service."
-msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">3. The penalties for leaking data are negligible.</"
+"emphasis> Most countries limit these penalties to actual damages, meaning "
+"that consumers who’ve had their data breached have to show actual monetary "
+"harms to get a reward. In 2014, Home Depot disclosed that it had lost credit-"
+"card data for 53 million of its customers, but it settled the matter by "
+"paying those customers about $0.34 each — and a third of that $0.34 wasn’t "
+"even paid in cash. It took the form of a credit to procure a largely "
+"ineffectual credit-monitoring service."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">3. Straffen for å lekke data er ubetydelig.</"
+"emphasis> De fleste land begrenser disse straffene til faktiske tap, noe som "
+"betyr at forbrukere som har fått sine data misbrukt, må vise til faktiske "
+"pengetap for å få en erstatning. I 2014 avslørte Home Depot at de hadde "
+"mistet kredittkortdata for 53 millioner av sine kunder. Saken ble avgjort "
+"ved å betale disse kundene rundt $ 0,34 hver - og en tredjedel av de $ 0,34 "
+"ble ikke engang betalt i kontanter. Det tok form av en kreditt til å dekke "
+"en i stor grad ineffektiv kreditt-overvåkingstjeneste."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1489
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"But the harms from breaches are much more extensive than these "
-"actual-damages rules capture. Identity thieves and fraudsters are wily and "
+"But the harms from breaches are much more extensive than these actual-"
+"damages rules capture. Identity thieves and fraudsters are wily and "
"endlessly inventive. All the vast breaches of our century are being "
"continuously recombined, the data sets merged and mined for new ways to "
"victimize the people whose data was present in them. Any reasonable, "
"confine damages to actual damages but rather would allow users to claim "
"these future harms."
msgstr ""
+"Men skadene fra bruddene er mye mer omfattende enn de faktiske tapene som "
+"reglene fanger opp. Identitetstyver og svindlere er kloke og uendelige "
+"oppfinnsomme. Alle de store bruddene i vårt århundre blir kontinuerlig "
+"rekombinert, datasettene fusjonert og brukt til nye måter å gjøre folk til "
+"ofre på når dataene om dem var tilgjengelige. Enhver rimelig, bevisbasert "
+"teori om avskrekking og kompensasjon for brudd ville ikke begrense skader "
+"til faktiske tap, men heller ville tillate brukere å stille krav for "
+"fremtidige tap."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1499
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"However, even the most ambitious privacy rules, such as the EU General Data "
"Protection Regulation, fall far short of capturing the negative "
-"externalities of the platforms’ negligent over-collection and "
-"over-retention, and what penalties they do provide are not aggressively "
-"pursued by regulators."
+"externalities of the platforms’ negligent over-collection and over-"
+"retention, and what penalties they do provide are not aggressively pursued "
+"by regulators."
msgstr ""
+"Men selv de mest ambisiøse personvernreglene, som EUs personvernforordning, "
+"fanger langt fra opp de negative eksterne kostnadene ved plattformenes "
+"uaktsomme overinnsamling og overoppbevaring, og hvilke straffer den gir, "
+"forfølges ikke aggressivt opp av regulatorene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1506
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"This tolerance of — or indifference to — data over-collection and "
-"over-retention can be ascribed in part to the sheer lobbying muscle of the "
+"This tolerance of — or indifference to — data over-collection and over-"
+"retention can be ascribed in part to the sheer lobbying muscle of the "
"platforms. They are so profitable that they can handily afford to divert "
"gigantic sums to fight any real change — that is, change that would force "
"them to internalize the costs of their surveillance activities."
msgstr ""
+"Denne toleransen for – eller likegyldighet til – dataoverinnsamling og "
+"overoppbevaring kan delvis tilskrives plattformenes rene lobbyvirksomhet. De "
+"er så lønnsomme at de enkelt har råd til å kanalisere gigantiske summer for "
+"å bekjempe enhver reell endring - det vil si endring som ville tvinge dem "
+"til å internalisere kostnadene til overvåkingsaktivitetene deres."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1514
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"And then there’s state surveillance, which the surveillance capitalism story "
"dismisses as a relic of another era when the big worry was being jailed for "
"your dissident speech, not having your free will stripped away with machine "
"learning."
msgstr ""
+"Og så er det den statlige overvåkningen, som historien til "
+"overvåkingskapitalismen avviser som en overlevning fra en annen æra, da den "
+"store bekymringen var å bli fengslet som dissidenter, ikke å få din frie "
+"vilje strippet bort med maskinlæring."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1520
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But state surveillance and private surveillance are intimately related. As "
"we saw when Apple was conscripted by the Chinese government as a vital "
"collaborator in state surveillance, the only really affordable and tractable "
"way to conduct mass surveillance on the scale practiced by modern states — "
-"both “free” and autocratic states — is to suborn commercial services."
+"both <quote>free</quote> and autocratic states — is to suborn commercial "
+"services."
msgstr ""
+"Men statlig og privat overvåkning er nært relatert. Som vi så ble Apple "
+"innrullert av de kinesiske myndighetene som en vital samarbeidspartner i "
+"statlig overvåkning, og den eneste kostnadseffektive og gjennomførbare måten "
+"å gjennomføre masseovervåkning i den skalaen det gjøres av moderne stater, "
+"både <quote>frie</quote> og autokratiske stater, er å ta i bruk kommersielle "
+"tjenester."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1528
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Whether it’s Google being used as a location tracking tool by local law "
"enforcement across the U.S. or the use of social media tracking by the "
"attributed to this symbiotic relationship. There is no mass state "
"surveillance without mass commercial surveillance."
msgstr ""
+"Enten det er Google som brukes som stedsporingsverktøy av lokale "
+"politimyndigheter over hele USA, eller bruk av sporing av sosiale medier av "
+"Department of Homeland Security for å bygge mapper om deltakere i protester "
+"mot Immigrasjon and Customs Enforcement familieseparasjonspraksis, ville "
+"mulige strengere grenser for overvåkingskapitalisme, hindre statens egen "
+"overvåkingsevne. Uten Palantir, Amazon, Google og andre store "
+"teknologileverandører, ville amerikanske politifolk ikke være i stand til å "
+"spionere på svarte mennesker, ICE ville ikke være i stand til å håndtere "
+"innburing av barn ved USAs grense, og statlige velferdssystemer ville ikke "
+"være i stand til å rense sine ruller ved å kle inn grusomhet som faktabasert "
+"og hevde at fattige og sårbare mennesker ikke kvalifiserer for hjelp. I det "
+"minste bør noen av statenes uvilje mot meningsfulle tiltak for å dempe "
+"overvåking tilskrives dette symbiotiske forholdet. Det er ingen statlig "
+"masseovervåking uten masse kommersiell overvåking."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1546
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Monopolism is key to the project of mass state surveillance. It’s true that "
"smaller tech firms are apt to be less well-defended than Big Tech, whose "
"security experts are drawn from the tops of their field and who are given "
-"enormous resources to secure and monitor their systems against "
-"intruders. But smaller firms also have less to protect: fewer users whose "
-"data is more fragmented across more systems and have to be suborned one at a "
-"time by state actors."
-msgstr ""
+"enormous resources to secure and monitor their systems against intruders. "
+"But smaller firms also have less to protect: fewer users whose data is more "
+"fragmented across more systems and have to be suborned one at a time by "
+"state actors."
+msgstr ""
+"Monopoler er nøkkelen til systemet med statlig massestatsovervåkning. Det er "
+"sant at mindre teknologifirmaer er tilbøyelige til å være mindre godt "
+"forsvart enn Storteknologien, hvis sikkerhetseksperter valgt ut fra toppen i "
+"sitt felt, og som får enorme ressurser til å sikre og overvåke sine systemer "
+"mot inntrengere. Men mindre bedrifter har også mindre å beskytte seg med: "
+"færre brukere med data som er mer fragmentert over flere systemer, og få det "
+"til et og et om gangen hos statlige aktører."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1555
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"A concentrated tech sector that works with authorities is a much more "
"powerful ally in the project of mass state surveillance than a fragmented "
"ex-Pentagon and ex-DOD top staffers and officers to work in their own "
"government relations departments."
msgstr ""
+"En konsentrert teknologisektor som samarbeider med myndighetene er en mye "
+"kraftigere allierte for å sikre oppgaven med en massestatsovervåking - enn "
+"en fragmentert gruppe bestående av mindre aktører. Den amerikanske "
+"teknologisektoren er liten nok til at alle topplederne passer inn rundt ett "
+"enkelt bord i et styrerom i Trump Tower i 2017, kort tid etter Trumps "
+"innsettelse. De fleste av de største aktørene byr på å vinne JEDI, Pentagons "
+"$ 10 milliarders Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure sky-kontrakt. I "
+"likhet med andre svært konsentrerte bransjer roterer Storteknolgien sine "
+"nøkkelansatte inn og ut av offentlig tjeneste, sender dem til tjeneste i "
+"Forsvarsdepartementet og Det hvite hus, og ansetter deretter tidligere "
+"Pentagon og tidligere DOD-toppansatte og offiserer i sine egne avdelinger "
+"for regjeringsrelasjoner."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1569
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"They can even make a good case for doing this: After all, when there are "
"only four or five big companies in an industry, everyone qualified to "
"everyone qualified for a senior role at any of them is by definition working "
"at one of the other ones."
msgstr ""
+"De kan til og med få til en god sak for å gjøre dette: Tross alt, når det "
+"bare er fire eller fem store selskaper i en bransje, har alle som er "
+"kvalifisert til å regulere disse selskapene, fungert som en leder i minst et "
+"par av dem - fordi, på samme måte, når det bare er fem selskaper i en "
+"bransje, er alle kvalifisert for en seniorrolle i hvilket helst av dem, "
+"arbeider per definisjon hos en av de andre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1578
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"While surveillance doesn’t cause monopolies, monopolies certainly abet "
"surveillance."
msgstr ""
+"Selv om overvåking ikke forårsaker monopoler, medvirker monopoler gjerne til "
+"overvåking."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1583
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Industries that are competitive are fragmented — composed of companies that "
"are at each other’s throats all the time and eroding one another’s margins "
"getting everyone to agree to pool their resources to benefit the industry as "
"a whole."
msgstr ""
+"Bransjer som er konkurransedyktige er fragmentert - sammensatt av selskaper "
+"som er i strupen på hverandre hele tiden og svekker hverandres marginer med "
+"tilbud for å stjele deres beste kunder. Dette etterlater dem med en mye mer "
+"begrenset kapital til lobbyvirksomhet for å oppnå gunstige regler, og en mye "
+"vanskeligere jobb for å få alle til å bli enige om å samle sine ressurser "
+"til fordel for bransjen som helhet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1591
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Surveillance combined with machine learning is supposed to be an existential "
"crisis, a species-defining moment at which our free will is just a few more "
"claim, but I <emphasis>do</emphasis> think that tech poses an existential "
"threat to our society and possibly our species."
msgstr ""
+"Overvåking kombinert med maskinlæring er antatt å være en eksistensiell "
+"krise, et artsdefinerende øyeblikk hvor vår frie vilje bare er noen få "
+"skritt fra å bli skallet vekk. Jeg er skeptisk til denne påstanden, men jeg "
+"<emphasis>tror virkelig</emphasis> at teknologi utgjør en eksistensiell "
+"trussel mot vårt samfunn og muligens vår art."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1599
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid "But that threat grows out of monopoly."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Men den trusselen vokser frem fra monopol."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1602
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"One of the consequences of tech’s regulatory capture is that it can shift "
"liability for poor security decisions onto its customers and the wider "
"and to threaten security researchers who seek to independently audit those "
"products."
msgstr ""
+"En av konsekvensene av teknologiens regulatoriske fangst, er at det kan "
+"flytte ansvaret for dårlige sikkerhetsbeslutninger over på kunder sine og "
+"samfunnet generelt. Det er helt normalt i teknologi for bedrifter å tilsløre "
+"arbeidet med sine produkter, for å gjøre dem bevisst vanskelig å forstå, og "
+"å true sikkerhetsforskere som søker en uavhengig gjennomgang av disse "
+"produktene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1610
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"IT is the only field in which this is practiced: No one builds a bridge or a "
"hospital and keeps the composition of the steel or the equations used to "
"with whole classes of devices being revealed as vulnerable long after they "
"are deployed in the field and put into sensitive places."
msgstr ""
+"DET er det eneste feltet der dette praktiseres: Ingen som bygger en bro "
+"eller et sykehus holder sammensetningen av stålet eller ligningene som "
+"brukes til å beregne belastningstress hemmelige. Det er en særlig bisarr "
+"praksis som fører, gang på gang, til groteske sikkerhetsfeil i et asburd "
+"omfang, med hele klasser av enheter avslørt som sårbare lenge etter at de er "
+"utplassert i feltet og benyttet på sensitive områder."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1619
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The monopoly power that keeps any meaningful consequences for breaches at "
"bay means that tech companies continue to build terrible products that are "
"made its 737 fleet a global pariah, a rare instance in which bad tech "
"decisions have been seriously punished in the market."
msgstr ""
+"Kraften i monopoler som holder alle meningsfulle konsekvenser av brudd i "
+"sjakk, betyr at teknologiselskaper fortsetter å bygge forferdelige produkter "
+"som er usikre i designen, og som ender opp integrert i våre liv, er i "
+"besittelse av våre data, og koblet til vår fysiske verden. I årevis har "
+"Boeing slitt med etterdønningene av en rekke dårlige teknologibeslutninger "
+"som gjorde sin 737-flåte til en global paria, et sjeldent tilfelle der "
+"dårlige tekniske beslutninger har blitt alvorlig straffet i markedet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1629
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"These bad security decisions are compounded yet again by the use of "
-"copyright locks to enforce business-model decisions against "
-"consumers. Recall that these locks have become the go-to means for shaping "
-"consumer behavior, making it technically impossible to use third-party ink, "
-"insulin, apps, or service depots in connection with your lawfully acquired "
-"property."
+"copyright locks to enforce business-model decisions against consumers. "
+"Recall that these locks have become the go-to means for shaping consumer "
+"behavior, making it technically impossible to use third-party ink, insulin, "
+"apps, or service depots in connection with your lawfully acquired property."
msgstr ""
+"Disse dårlige sikkerhetsbeslutningene forsterkes nok en gang ved bruk av "
+"opphavsrettslåser for å håndheve forretningsmodellbeslutninger rettet mot "
+"forbrukerne. Husk at disse låsene har blitt go-to-metoder for å forme "
+"forbrukeratferd, noe som gjør det teknisk umulig å bruke tredjeparts blekk, "
+"insulin, apper eller servicesteder til din lovlig ervervede eiendel."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1637
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Recall also that these copyright locks are backstopped by legislation (such "
"as Section 1201 of the DMCA or Article 6 of the 2001 EU Copyright Directive) "
-"that ban tampering with (“circumventing”) them, and these statutes have been "
-"used to threaten security researchers who make disclosures about "
-"vulnerabilities without permission from manufacturers."
+"that ban tampering with (<quote>circumventing</quote>) them, and these "
+"statutes have been used to threaten security researchers who make "
+"disclosures about vulnerabilities without permission from manufacturers."
msgstr ""
+"Husk også at disse opphavsrettslåsene er stoppet av lovgivningen (for "
+"eksempel § 1201 i DMCA eller artikkel 6 i EUs opphavsrettsdirektiv fra 2001) "
+"som forbyr manipulering (<quote>omgåelse</quote>) av dem, og disse "
+"bestemmelsene har blitt brukt til å true sikkerhetsforskere som avslører "
+"sårbarheter uten tillatelse fra produsenter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1645
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"This amounts to a manufacturer’s veto over safety warnings and "
-"criticism. While this is far from the legislative intent of the DMCA and its "
-"sister statutes around the world, Congress has not intervened to clarify the "
+"This amounts to a manufacturer’s veto over safety warnings and criticism. "
+"While this is far from the legislative intent of the DMCA and its sister "
+"statutes around the world, Congress has not intervened to clarify the "
"statute nor will it because to do so would run counter to the interests of "
"powerful, large firms whose lobbying muscle is unstoppable."
msgstr ""
+"Dette summerer se til en produsents veto over sikkerhetsadvarsler og "
+"kritikk. Selv om dette er langt fra lovgivers hensikt med DMCA og dets "
+"søstervedtekter rundt om i verden, har Kongressen ikke grepet inn for å "
+"klargjøre bestemmelsene, og det vil den heller ikke fordi det ville være å "
+"gå mot interessene til mektige, store bedrifter men en ustoppelig "
+"lobbystyrke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1653
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Copyright locks are a double whammy: They create bad security decisions that "
"can’t be freely investigated or discussed. If markets are supposed to be "
"machines for aggregating information (and if surveillance capitalism’s "
-"notional mind-control rays are what make it a “rogue capitalism” because it "
-"denies consumers the power to make decisions), then a program of legally "
-"enforced ignorance of the risks of products makes monopolism even more of a "
-"“rogue capitalism” than surveillance capitalism’s influence campaigns."
-msgstr ""
+"notional mind-control rays are what make it a <quote>rogue capitalism</"
+"quote> because it denies consumers the power to make decisions), then a "
+"program of legally enforced ignorance of the risks of products makes "
+"monopolism even more of a <quote>rogue capitalism</quote> than surveillance "
+"capitalism’s influence campaigns."
+msgstr ""
+"Opphavsrettslåser slår dobbelt: De skaper dårlige sikkerhetsbeslutninger som "
+"hverken kan undersøkes fritt eller diskuteres. Hvis markedene skal være "
+"maskiner for å samle informasjon (og hvis overvåkingskapitalismens nominelle "
+"tankekontrollstråler er det som gjør det til en <quote>bedragersk "
+"kapitalisme</quote> fordi den nekter forbrukerne makt til å ta "
+"beslutninger), gjør et opplegg med lovlig håndhevet uvitenhet om risikoen "
+"til produkter gir monopol en enda mer <quote>bedragersk kapitalisme</quote> "
+"enn overvåkingskapitalismens lobbykampanjer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1663
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"And unlike mind-control rays, enforced silence over security is an "
"immediate, documented problem, and it <emphasis>does</emphasis> constitute "
"say, steering your car or flipping a breaker at a power station — is a kind "
"of technology debt."
msgstr ""
+"Og i motsetning til tankekontrollstråler er håndhevet taushet over sikkerhet "
+"et umiddelbart, dokumentert problem, og det <emphasis>utgjør</emphasis> en "
+"eksistensiell trussel mot vår sivilisasjon og muligens vår art. Spredningen "
+"av usikre enheter - spesielt enheter som spionerer på oss, og spesielt når "
+"disse enhetene også kan manipulere den fysiske verden ved for eksempel å "
+"styre bilen eller snu en bryter på et kraftverk - er en slags teknologiskyld."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1672
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"In software design, “technology debt” refers to old, baked-in decisions that "
-"turn out to be bad ones in hindsight. Perhaps a long-ago developer decided "
-"to incorporate a networking protocol made by a vendor that has since stopped "
-"supporting it. But everything in the product still relies on that "
-"superannuated protocol, and so, with each revision, the product team has to "
-"work around this obsolete core, adding compatibility layers, surrounding it "
-"with security checks that try to shore up its defenses, and so on. These "
-"Band-Aid measures compound the debt because every subsequent revision has to "
-"make allowances for <emphasis>them</emphasis>, too, like interest mounting "
-"on a predatory subprime loan. And like a subprime loan, the interest mounts "
-"faster than you can hope to pay it off: The product team has to put so much "
-"energy into maintaining this complex, brittle system that they don’t have "
-"any time left over to refactor the product from the ground up and “pay off "
-"the debt” once and for all."
-msgstr ""
+"In software design, <quote>technology debt</quote> refers to old, baked-in "
+"decisions that turn out to be bad ones in hindsight. Perhaps a long-ago "
+"developer decided to incorporate a networking protocol made by a vendor that "
+"has since stopped supporting it. But everything in the product still relies "
+"on that superannuated protocol, and so, with each revision, the product team "
+"has to work around this obsolete core, adding compatibility layers, "
+"surrounding it with security checks that try to shore up its defenses, and "
+"so on. These Band-Aid measures compound the debt because every subsequent "
+"revision has to make allowances for <emphasis>them</emphasis>, too, like "
+"interest mounting on a predatory subprime loan. And like a subprime loan, "
+"the interest mounts faster than you can hope to pay it off: The product team "
+"has to put so much energy into maintaining this complex, brittle system that "
+"they don’t have any time left over to refactor the product from the ground "
+"up and <quote>pay off the debt</quote> once and for all."
+msgstr ""
+"I programvaredesign refererer <quote>-teknologiskyld</quote> til gamle, "
+"innbakte beslutninger som viser seg å stå seg dårlige i ettertid. Kanskje en "
+"utvikler for lenge siden besluttet å legge inn en nettverksprotokoll laget "
+"av en leverandør som siden har sluttet å støtte den. Men alt i produktet er "
+"fortsatt avhengig av den utdaterte protokollen, og så, ved hver revisjon, må "
+"produktteamet omgå denne foreldede kjernen, legge til kompatibilitetslag, "
+"omgi den med sikkerhetskontroller som støtter forsvaret, og så videre. Disse "
+"Band-Aid-tiltakene binder sammen skylden, fordi hver påfølgende revisjon må "
+"kompensere også for <emphasis>dem</emphasis>, som renter baller på seg for "
+"dårlige lån. Og som et dårlig lån, stiger rentekostnaden raskere enn du kan "
+"håpe på å betale den ned: Produktteamet må legge så mye energi i å "
+"opprettholde dette komplekse, skjøre systemet, at de ikke har tid igjen til "
+"å omstrukturere produktet fra grunnen av og <quote>betale ned gjelden</"
+"quote> en gang for alle."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1690
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Typically, technology debt results in a technological bankruptcy: The "
-"product gets so brittle and unsustainable that it fails "
-"catastrophically. Think of the antiquated COBOL-based banking and accounting "
-"systems that fell over at the start of the pandemic emergency when "
-"confronted with surges of unemployment claims. Sometimes that ends the "
-"product; sometimes it takes the company down with it. Being caught in the "
-"default of a technology debt is scary and traumatic, just like losing your "
-"house due to bankruptcy is scary and traumatic."
-msgstr ""
+"product gets so brittle and unsustainable that it fails catastrophically. "
+"Think of the antiquated COBOL-based banking and accounting systems that fell "
+"over at the start of the pandemic emergency when confronted with surges of "
+"unemployment claims. Sometimes that ends the product; sometimes it takes "
+"the company down with it. Being caught in the default of a technology debt "
+"is scary and traumatic, just like losing your house due to bankruptcy is "
+"scary and traumatic."
+msgstr ""
+"Vanligvis resulterer teknologisk gjeld i en teknologisk konkurs: Produktet "
+"blir så skjørt og uholdbart at det svikter katastrofalt. Tenk på de gamle "
+"COBOL-baserte bank- og regnskapssystemene som veltet ved starten av "
+"pandemikrisen når de ble konfrontert med mengder av arbeidsledighetskrav. "
+"Noen ganger gjør dette slutt på produktet; noen ganger tar det selskapet med "
+"seg ned. Å bli fanget i mislighold av teknologisk gjeld er skremmende og "
+"traumatisk, akkurat som å miste huset ditt på grunn av konkurs er skremmende "
+"og traumatisk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1701
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But the technology debt created by copyright locks isn’t individual debt; "
"it’s systemic. Everyone in the world is exposed to this over-leverage, as "
"debt in part due to the presence of deliberately insecure and deliberately "
"unauditable copyright locks — it will indeed pose an existential risk."
msgstr ""
+"Men teknologisk gjeld forårsaket av opphavsrettslåser er ikke individuell "
+"gjeld; det er systemisk. Alle i verden er utsatt for denne overbelastningen, "
+"som under finanskrisen i 2008. Når denne gjelden forfaller – når vi står "
+"overfor en kaskade av sikkerhetsbrudd som truer global skipsfart og "
+"logistikk, matforsyningen, farmasøytiske produksjonslinjer, nødkommunikasjon "
+"og andre kritiske systemer som akkumulerer teknologisk gjeld delvis på grunn "
+"av tilstedeværelsen av bevisst usikre og bevisst ikkereviderbare "
+"opphavsrettslåser – vil det faktisk utgjøre en eksistensiell risiko."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:1713
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Privacy and monopoly"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Monopol og vern av privatsfæren"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1715
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Many tech companies are gripped by an orthodoxy that holds that if they just "
"gather enough data on enough of our activities, everything else is possible "
"— the mind control and endless profits. This is an unfalsifiable hypothesis: "
"If data gives a tech company even a tiny improvement in behavior prediction "
"and modification, the company declares that it has taken the first step "
-"toward global domination with no end in sight. If a company "
-"<emphasis>fails</emphasis> to attain any improvements from gathering and "
-"analyzing data, it declares success to be just around the corner, attainable "
-"once more data is in hand."
-msgstr ""
+"toward global domination with no end in sight. If a company <emphasis>fails</"
+"emphasis> to attain any improvements from gathering and analyzing data, it "
+"declares success to be just around the corner, attainable once more data is "
+"in hand."
+msgstr ""
+"Mange teknologiselskaper har en klokkertro på at om bare de samler nok data "
+"om mange nok av våre aktiviteter, så er alt annet mulig — tankekontroll og "
+"endeløs fortjeneste. Dette er en hypotese som er umulig å falsifisere: Hvis "
+"data gir et teknologiselskap selv en liten forbedring i å forutse eller "
+"endre oppførsel, så erklærer selskapet at det har tatt første steg mot "
+"global dominans, uten noen ende i sikte. Hvis selskapet <emphasis>mislykkes</"
+"emphasis> i å oppnå forbedring fra innsamling og analyse av data, så "
+"erklærer det at suksessen er rett rundt hjørnet, oppnåelig når det har mere "
+"data for hånden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1727
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Surveillance tech is far from the first industry to embrace a nonsensical, "
"self-serving belief that harms the rest of the world, and it is not the "
-"first industry to profit handsomely from such a delusion. Long before "
-"hedge-fund managers were claiming (falsely) that they could beat the "
-"S&P 500, there were plenty of other “respectable” industries that have "
+"first industry to profit handsomely from such a delusion. Long before hedge-"
+"fund managers were claiming (falsely) that they could beat the S&P 500, "
+"there were plenty of other <quote>respectable</quote> industries that have "
"been revealed as quacks in hindsight. From the makers of radium "
"suppositories (a real thing!) to the cruel sociopaths who claimed they "
-"could “cure” gay people, history is littered with the formerly respectable "
-"titans of discredited industries."
-msgstr ""
+"could <quote>cure</quote> gay people, history is littered with the formerly "
+"respectable titans of discredited industries."
+msgstr ""
+"Overvåkingsteknologi er langt fra den første industrien som omfavner en "
+"meningsløs, selvsentrert tro som skader resten av verden, og det er ikke den "
+"første industrien til å tjene raust på en slik vrangforestilling. Lenge før "
+"hedgefondforvaltere hevdet (feilaktig) at de kunne slå S&P 500, var det "
+"nok av andre <quote>respektable</quote> bransjer som har blitt avslørt som "
+"kvakksalvere i ettertid. Fra skaperne av stikkpiller med radium (en ekte "
+"ting!) til de grusomme sosiopatene som hevdet at de kunne <quote>kurere</"
+"quote> homofile mennesker. Historien er fylt med tidligere respektable "
+"titaner i diskrediterte næringer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1739
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"This is not to say that there’s nothing wrong with Big Tech and its "
"ideological addiction to data. While surveillance’s benefits are mostly "
"overstated, its harms are, if anything, <emphasis>understated</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
+"Dette betyr ikke at det ikke er noe galt med Storteknologien og dens "
+"ideologiske dataavhengighet. Selv om gevinsten av overvåkningen i stor grad "
+"er overdrevet, så er skadevirkningene, om noe, <emphasis>underdrevet</"
+"emphasis>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1745
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"There’s real irony here. The belief in surveillance capitalism as a “rogue "
-"capitalism” is driven by the belief that markets wouldn’t tolerate firms "
-"that are gripped by false beliefs. An oil company that has false beliefs "
-"about where the oil is will eventually go broke digging dry wells after all."
+"There’s real irony here. The belief in surveillance capitalism as a "
+"<quote>rogue capitalism</quote> is driven by the belief that markets "
+"wouldn’t tolerate firms that are gripped by false beliefs. An oil company "
+"that has false beliefs about where the oil is will eventually go broke "
+"digging dry wells after all."
msgstr ""
+"Det er virkelig ironi her. Troen på overvåkingskapitalismen som en "
+"<quote>ukontrollert kapitalisme</quote> er drevet av troen på at markedene "
+"ikke ville tolerere bedrifter som er grepet av falske oppfatninger. Et "
+"oljeselskap som har falske oppfatninger om hvor oljen er, vil etter hvert gå "
+"konkurs ved å grave etter tørre brønner, tross alt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1752
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But monopolists get to do terrible things for a long time before they pay "
"the price. Think of how concentration in the finance sector allowed the "
"subprime crisis to fester as bond-rating agencies, regulators, investors, "
"and critics all fell under the sway of a false belief that complex "
-"mathematics could construct “fully hedged” debt instruments that could not "
-"possibly default. A small bank that engaged in this kind of malfeasance "
-"would simply go broke rather than outrunning the inevitable crisis, perhaps "
-"growing so big that it averted it altogether. But large banks were able to "
-"continue to attract investors, and when they finally "
+"mathematics could construct <quote>fully hedged</quote> debt instruments "
+"that could not possibly default. A small bank that engaged in this kind of "
+"malfeasance would simply go broke rather than outrunning the inevitable "
+"crisis, perhaps growing so big that it averted it altogether. But large "
+"banks were able to continue to attract investors, and when they finally "
"<emphasis>did</emphasis> come a-cropper, the world’s governments bailed them "
"out. The worst offenders of the subprime crisis are bigger than they were in "
"2008, bringing home more profits and paying their execs even larger sums."
msgstr ""
+"Men monopolister får gjøre fryktelige ting i lang tid før de betaler prisen. "
+"Tenk på hvordan konsentrasjonen i finanssektoren tillot subprime-krisen å "
+"spre seg når obligasjonsvurderingsbyråer, regulatorer, investorer og "
+"kritikere var under innflytelse av en falsk tro på at kompleks matematikk "
+"kunne konstruere <quote>fullt garderte</quote> gjeldsinstrumenter som ikke "
+"kunne misligholdes. En liten bank som engasjerte seg i denne typen feilgrep "
+"ville ganske enkelt gå konk i stedet for å løpe fra den uunngåelige krisen, "
+"eller kanskje vokser seg så stor at det avverget dette helt. Men store "
+"banker var i stand til å fortsette å tiltrekke seg investorer, og da de "
+"endelig <emphasis>feilet</emphasis>, kausjonerte verdens regjeringer dem ut. "
+"De verste lovbrytere i subprime-krisen er større enn de var i 2008, og "
+"brakte hjem mer fortjeneste og betale sine direktører enda større summer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1767
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Big Tech is able to practice surveillance not just because it is tech but "
"because it is <emphasis>big</emphasis>. The reason every web publisher "
-"embeds a Facebook “Like” button is that Facebook dominates the internet’s "
-"social media referrals — and every one of those “Like” buttons spies on "
-"everyone who lands on a page that contains them (see also: Google Analytics "
-"embeds, Twitter buttons, etc.)."
-msgstr ""
+"embeds a Facebook <quote>Like</quote> button is that Facebook dominates the "
+"internet’s social media referrals — and every one of those <quote>Like</"
+"quote> buttons spies on everyone who lands on a page that contains them (see "
+"also: Google Analytics embeds, Twitter buttons, etc.)."
+msgstr ""
+"Storteknologien kan praktisere overvåking ikke bare fordi det er teknisk, "
+"men fordi de er <emphasis>store</emphasis>. Grunnen til at hver nettutgiver "
+"bygger inn en Facebook <quote>Like</quote>-knapp, er at Facebook dominerer "
+"Internettets henvisninger til sosiale medier – og hver og en av disse "
+"<quote>Like</quote>-knappene spioner på alle som lander på en side som har "
+"dem (se også: Google Analytics bygger inn, Twitter-knapper osv.)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1776
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The reason the world’s governments have been slow to create meaningful "
"penalties for privacy breaches is that Big Tech’s concentration produces "
"Tech’s concentration means that the companies involved are able to arrive at "
"a unified negotiating position that supercharges the lobbying."
msgstr ""
+"Grunnen til at verdens regjeringer har vært trege til å skape meningsfulle "
+"straffer for brudd på personvernet, er at Storteknologiens konsentrasjon har "
+"store fortjenester som kan brukes til å lobbiere mot disse straffene – og "
+"Storteknologiens konsentrasjon betyr at de involverte selskapene er i stand "
+"til å komme frem til en enhetlig forhandlingsposisjon, som superlader "
+"lobbyvirksomheten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1784
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The reason that the smartest engineers in the world want to work for Big "
"Tech is that Big Tech commands the lion’s share of tech industry jobs."
msgstr ""
+"Grunnen til at de smarteste ingeniørene i verden ønsker å jobbe for "
+"Storteknologien er at Storteknologien bestemmer over brorparten av jobbene i "
+"teknologiindustrien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1789
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The reason people who are aghast at Facebook’s and Google’s and Amazon’s "
"data-handling practices continue to use these services is that all their "
"friends are on Facebook; Google dominates search; and Amazon has put all the "
"local merchants out of business."
msgstr ""
+"Grunnen til at folk som er forferdet over Facebooks, Googles og Amazons "
+"datahåndteringspraksis fortsetter å bruke disse tjenestene, er at alle "
+"vennene deres er på Facebook; Google dominerer søk; og Amazon har satt alle "
+"de lokale kjøpmennene ut av drift."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1795
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Competitive markets would weaken the companies’ lobbying muscle by reducing "
"their profits and pitting them against each other in regulatory forums. It "
"incumbents. It would give web publishers multiple ways to reach audiences "
"and make the case against Facebook and Google and Twitter embeds."
msgstr ""
+"Markeder med konkurranse ville svekke selskapenes lobbystyrke ved å redusere "
+"fortjenesten og sette dem opp mot hverandre i regulatoriske fora. Det ville "
+"gi kundene andre steder å gå til for å få sine elektroniske tjenester. Det "
+"ville gjøre selskapene små nok til å kunne regulere og bane vei for "
+"meningsfulle straffer for lovbrudd. Det ville la ingeniører med ideer som "
+"utfordret overvåkingsortodoksien skaffe seg kapital til å konkurrere med de "
+"etablerte. Det ville gi nettutgivere flere måter å nå publikum på, og kunne "
+"stille opp mot innpasningene til Facebook- og Google- og Twitter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1806
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"In other words, while surveillance doesn’t cause monopolies, monopolies "
"certainly abet surveillance."
msgstr ""
+"Med andre ord, mens overvåking ikke forårsaker monopoler, medvirker "
+"monopoler absolutt til overvåking."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:1810
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Ronald Reagan, pioneer of tech monopolism"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Ronald Reagan, en pioner for teknologimonopoler"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1812
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Technology exceptionalism is a sin, whether it’s practiced by technology’s "
"blind proponents or by its critics. Both of these camps are prone to "
"monopoly is inevitable so we should punish tech for its abuses but not try "
"to break up the monopolies."
msgstr ""
+"Teknologisk eksepsjonellisme er en synd, enten det praktiseres av "
+"teknologiens blinde talsmenn eller av dets kritikere. Begge disse leirene er "
+"tilbøyelige til å forklare bort monopolistisk konsentrasjon ved å sitere "
+"noen spesielle kjennetegn på teknologiindustrien, som nettverkseffekter "
+"eller første-fordeler fordel. Den eneste virkelige forskjellen mellom disse "
+"to gruppene er at de tekniske apologeter sier monopol er uunngåelig, så vi "
+"bør bare la teknologien ikke komme unna med sine overgrep, mens "
+"konkurranseregulatorer i USA og EU sier monopol er uunngåelig, så vi bør "
+"straffe teknologien for sine overgrep, men ikke prøve å bryte opp monopolene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1824
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"To understand how tech became so monopolistic, it’s useful to look at the "
"dawn of the consumer tech industry: 1979, the year the Apple II Plus "
"Canada, Helmut Kohl in Germany, and Augusto Pinochet in Chile — went on to "
"enact similar reforms that eventually spread around the world."
msgstr ""
+"For å forstå hvordan teknologien ble så monopolistisk, er det nyttig å se på "
+"begynnelsen av forbrukerteknologiindustrien: 1979, året Apple II Plus ble "
+"lansert og ble den første vellykkede hjemmedatamaskinen. Det er også året da "
+"Ronald Reagan startet valgkampen for presidentvalget i 1980 – et løp han "
+"vant, noe som førte til et radikalt skifte i måten antitrusthensyn håndteres "
+"på i Amerika. Reagans kohort av politikere – inkludert Margaret Thatcher i "
+"Storbritannia, Brian Mulroney i Canada, Helmut Kohl i Tyskland og Augusto "
+"Pinochet i Chile – fortsatte med å vedta lignende reformer som til slutt "
+"spredte seg over hele verden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1836
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Antitrust’s story began nearly a century before all that with laws like the "
"Sherman Act, which took aim at monopolists on the grounds that monopolies "
"were bad in and of themselves — squeezing out competitors, creating "
-"“diseconomies of scale” (when a company is so big that its constituent parts "
-"go awry and it is seemingly helpless to address the problems), and capturing "
-"their regulators to such a degree that they can get away with a host of "
-"evils."
-msgstr ""
+"<quote>diseconomies of scale</quote> (when a company is so big that its "
+"constituent parts go awry and it is seemingly helpless to address the "
+"problems), and capturing their regulators to such a degree that they can get "
+"away with a host of evils."
+msgstr ""
+"Antitrusthistorien begynte nesten et århundre før alt dette med lover som "
+"Sherman Act, som rettet seg mot monopolister med den begrunnelse at "
+"monopoler var dårlige i og av seg selv - presser ut konkurrenter, og skapte "
+"<quote>omfattende disøkonomi</quote> (når et selskap er så stort at "
+"bestanddeler feiler og det tilsynelatende er håpløst å få problemene løst), "
+"og fange sine regulatorer i en slik grad at de kan komme unna med svært mye "
+"skade."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1845
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Then came a fabulist named Robert Bork, a former solicitor general who "
"Reagan appointed to the powerful U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit "
"its successors out of whole cloth. Bork insisted that these statutes were "
"never targeted at monopolies (despite a wealth of evidence to the contrary, "
"including the transcribed speeches of the acts’ authors) but, rather, that "
-"they were intended to prevent “consumer harm” — in the form of higher "
-"prices."
-msgstr ""
+"they were intended to prevent <quote>consumer harm</quote> — in the form of "
+"higher prices."
+msgstr ""
+"Så kom en fabulist ved navn Robert Bork, en tidligere generaladvokat som "
+"Reagan utnevnte til den betydningsfulle U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. "
+"Circuit som tatt ut av intet hadde laget en alternativ lovgivningshistorie "
+"om Sherman Act og dens etterfølgere. Bork insisterte på at disse statuttene "
+"aldri var rettet mot monopoler (til tross for et vell av bevis for det "
+"motsatte, inkludert de transkriberte talene til lovens forfattere), men "
+"heller at de var ment å forhindre <quote>forbrukerskade</quote> - i form av "
+"høyere priser."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1855
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Bork was a crank, but he was a crank with a theory that rich people really "
"liked. Monopolies are a great way to make rich people richer by allowing "
-"them to receive “monopoly rents” (that is, bigger profits) and capture "
-"regulators, leading to a weaker, more favorable regulatory environment with "
-"fewer protections for customers, suppliers, the environment, and workers."
-msgstr ""
+"them to receive <quote>monopoly rents</quote> (that is, bigger profits) and "
+"capture regulators, leading to a weaker, more favorable regulatory "
+"environment with fewer protections for customers, suppliers, the "
+"environment, and workers."
+msgstr ""
+"Bork var en rotor, men han var en rotor med en teori som rike mennesker "
+"virkelig likte. Monopoler er en fin måte å gjøre rike mennesker rikere ved å "
+"tillate dem å motta <quote>monopolleie</quote> (det vil si større "
+"fortjeneste) og binde fast regulatorer, noe som fører til et svakere, "
+"gunstigere regulatorisk miljø med mindre beskyttelse for kunder, "
+"leverandører, miljø og arbeidere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1863
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Bork’s theories were especially palatable to the same power brokers who "
"backed Reagan, and Reagan’s Department of Justice and other agencies began "
"to incorporate Bork’s antitrust doctrine into their enforcement decisions "
"(Reagan even put Bork up for a Supreme Court seat, but Bork flunked the "
"Senate confirmation hearing so badly that, 40 years later, D.C. insiders use "
-"the term “borked” to refer to any catastrophically bad political "
-"performance)."
+"the term <quote>borked</quote> to refer to any catastrophically bad "
+"political performance)."
msgstr ""
+"Borks teorier var spesielt spiselige for de samme kraftige påvirkere som "
+"støttet Reagan, og Reagans justisdepartement og andre etater begynte å "
+"inkorporere Borks antitrustdoktrine i sine håndhevingsbeslutninger (Reagan "
+"foreslo til og med Bork til et sete i Supreme Court, men Bork strøk klart "
+"ved senatets godkjenningshøring at 40 år senere bruker innsidere i D.C. "
+"begrepet <quote>borkete</quote> (tilsvarer klønete på norsk) for å referere "
+"til noen katastrofalt dårlige politiske prestasjoner)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1872
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Little by little, Bork’s theories entered the mainstream, and their backers "
"began to infiltrate the legal education field, even putting on junkets where "
"the monopolists were making — and the more surplus capital they had at their "
"disposal to lobby for even more Borkian antitrust influence campaigns."
msgstr ""
+"Litt etter litt kom Borks teorier inn som hovedretning, og deres "
+"støttegrupper begynte å infiltrere den juridiske utdanningen, til og med å "
+"tilsette smakstoffer der medlemmer i rettsvesenet ble behandlet med "
+"overdådige måltider, morsomme utendørsaktiviteter og seminarer hvor de ble "
+"indoktrinert i forbrukerskadeteorien om antitrust. Jo mer Borks teorier tok "
+"tak, jo mer penger tjener monopolistene – og jo mer overskuddskapital hadde "
+"de til rådighet for å lobbe i enda flere borkiske antitrust-"
+"innflytelseskampanjer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1882
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The history of Bork’s antitrust theories is a really good example of the "
"kind of covertly engineered shifts in public opinion that Zuboff warns us "
"a sign of virtue, and so on — all of these theories meshed to form a "
"coherent ideology that elevated inequality to a virtue."
msgstr ""
+"Historien om Borks antitrustteorier er et veldig godt eksempel på den slags "
+"skjulte konstruerte endringer i opinionen, som Zuboff advarer oss mot, hvor "
+"ideer i utkanten blir den ortodokse hovedretningen. Men Bork forandrer ikke "
+"verden over natten. Han spilte et veldig langvarig spill, i over en "
+"generasjon, og han hadde en medvind fordi de samme kreftene som støttet "
+"oligarkiske antitrust teorier også støttet mange andre oligarkiske "
+"skiftninger i opinionen. For eksempel ideen om at beskatning er tyveri, at "
+"rikdom er et tegn på dyd, og så videre - alle disse teoriene ble fanget opp "
+"for å danne en sammenhengende ideologi som hevet ulikhet til en dyd."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1894
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Today, many fear that machine learning allows surveillance capitalism to "
-"sell “Bork-as-a-Service,” at internet speeds, so that you can contract a "
-"machine-learning company to engineer <emphasis>rapid</emphasis> shifts in "
-"public sentiment without needing the capital to sustain a multipronged, "
-"multigenerational project working at the local, state, national, and global "
-"levels in business, law, and philosophy. I do not believe that such a "
-"project is plausible, though I agree that this is basically what the "
-"platforms claim to be selling. They’re just lying about it. Big Tech lies "
-"all the time, <emphasis>including</emphasis> in their sales literature."
-msgstr ""
+"sell <quote>Bork-as-a-Service,</quote> at internet speeds, so that you can "
+"contract a machine-learning company to engineer <emphasis>rapid</emphasis> "
+"shifts in public sentiment without needing the capital to sustain a "
+"multipronged, multigenerational project working at the local, state, "
+"national, and global levels in business, law, and philosophy. I do not "
+"believe that such a project is plausible, though I agree that this is "
+"basically what the platforms claim to be selling. They’re just lying about "
+"it. Big Tech lies all the time, <emphasis>including</emphasis> in their "
+"sales literature."
+msgstr ""
+"I dag frykter mange at maskinlæring gjør det mulig for "
+"overvåkingskapitalismen å selge <quote>Bork-som-tjeneste</quote>, med "
+"internetthastighet, slik at du kan kontrakt et maskinlæringsselskap for å "
+"konstruere <emphasis>raske</emphasis> endringer i offentlige holdninger uten "
+"å trenge kapitalen til å opprettholde et flergenerasjonsprosjekt som "
+"arbeider på lokalt, statlig, nasjonalt og globalt nivå innen næringsliv, jus "
+"og filosofi. Jeg tror ikke at et slikt prosjekt er sannsynlig, selv om jeg "
+"er enig i at dette i utgangspunktet er hva plattformene hevder å selge. De "
+"lyver bare om det. Storteknologien lyver hele tiden <emphasis>inkludert</"
+"emphasis> i sitt salgsmateriale."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1907
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"The idea that tech forms “natural monopolies” (monopolies that are the "
-"inevitable result of the realities of an industry, such as the monopolies "
-"that accrue the first company to run long-haul phone lines or rail lines) is "
-"belied by tech’s own history: In the absence of anti-competitive tactics, "
-"Google was able to unseat AltaVista and Yahoo; Facebook was able to head off "
-"Myspace. There are some advantages to gathering mountains of data, but those "
-"mountains of data also have disadvantages: liability (from leaking), "
-"diminishing returns (from old data), and institutional inertia (big "
-"companies, like science, progress one funeral at a time)."
-msgstr ""
+"The idea that tech forms <quote>natural monopolies</quote> (monopolies that "
+"are the inevitable result of the realities of an industry, such as the "
+"monopolies that accrue the first company to run long-haul phone lines or "
+"rail lines) is belied by tech’s own history: In the absence of anti-"
+"competitive tactics, Google was able to unseat AltaVista and Yahoo; Facebook "
+"was able to head off Myspace. There are some advantages to gathering "
+"mountains of data, but those mountains of data also have disadvantages: "
+"liability (from leaking), diminishing returns (from old data), and "
+"institutional inertia (big companies, like science, progress one funeral at "
+"a time)."
+msgstr ""
+"Ideen om at teknologi danner <quote>naturlige monopoler</quote> (monopoler "
+"som er det uunngåelige resultatet av realitetene i en bransje, for eksempel "
+"monopolene som tilflyter det første selskapet for å kjøre "
+"langdistansetelefonlinjer eller jernbanelinjer) er motbevist av teknologiens "
+"egen historie: I fravær av konkurransehemmende taktikk, var Google i stand "
+"til å detronisere AltaVista og Yahoo; Facebook var i stand til å avverge "
+"Myspace. Det er noen fordeler med å samle fjell av data, men disse "
+"datafjellene har også ulemper: ansvar (fra lekkasjer), redusert avkastning "
+"(fra gamle data), og institusjonell treghet (store selskaper, lik vitenskap, "
+"fremdrift med en begravelse om gangen)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1919
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Indeed, the birth of the web saw a mass-extinction event for the existing "
"giant, wildly profitable proprietary technologies that had capital, network "
"effects, and walls and moats surrounding their businesses. The web showed "
"that when a new industry is built around a protocol, rather than a product, "
"the combined might of everyone who uses the protocol to reach their "
-"customers or users or communities outweighs even the most massive "
-"products. CompuServe, AOL, MSN, and a host of other proprietary walled "
-"gardens learned this lesson the hard way: Each believed it could stay "
-"separate from the web, offering “curation” and a guarantee of consistency "
-"and quality instead of the chaos of an open system. Each was wrong and ended "
-"up being absorbed into the public web."
-msgstr ""
+"customers or users or communities outweighs even the most massive products. "
+"CompuServe, AOL, MSN, and a host of other proprietary walled gardens learned "
+"this lesson the hard way: Each believed it could stay separate from the web, "
+"offering <quote>curation</quote> and a guarantee of consistency and quality "
+"instead of the chaos of an open system. Each was wrong and ended up being "
+"absorbed into the public web."
+msgstr ""
+"Faktisk ble fremveksten av nettsteder en masseutryddelseshendelse for de "
+"eksisterende gigantiske, svært lønnsomme proprietære teknologiene som hadde "
+"kapital, nettverkseffekter, og vegger og vollgraver rundt sine virksomheter. "
+"Nettet viste at når en ny bransje er bygget rundt en protokoll, i stedet for "
+"et produkt, kan den kombinerte innflytelsen til alle som bruker protokollen "
+"for å nå sine kunder, eller brukere, eller samfunn, oppveie selv de mest "
+"massive produktene. CompuServe, AOL, MSN og en rekke andre proprietære "
+"inngjerdede hager, lærte denne leksjonen på den harde måten: Hver trodde det "
+"kunne holde seg atskilt fra nettet, og tilbød <quote>kurering</quote> og en "
+"garanti for konsistens og kvalitet i stedet for kaoset i et åpent system. "
+"Alle tok feil og endte opp med å bli absorbert inn i det offentlige nettet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1933
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Yes, tech is heavily monopolized and is now closely associated with industry "
"concentration, but this has more to do with a matter of timing than its "
"characteristics of tech, such as network effects, first-mover advantage, and "
"so on."
msgstr ""
+"Ja, teknologien er sterkt monopolisert og er nå nært knyttet til "
+"industrikonsentrasjon, men dette har mer å gjøre med timing enn sine iboende "
+"monopolistiske tendenser. Teknologien ble født i det øyeblikket antitrust-"
+"håndhevelsen ble demontert, og teknologien falt inn i nøyaktig de samme "
+"patologiene som antitrust skulle beskytte mot. Som en første tilnærming er "
+"det rimelig å anta at teknologiens monopoler er et resultat av mangel på "
+"antimonopol-innsats og ikke de oppreklamerte unike egenskapene til "
+"teknologi, for eksempel nettverkseffekter, pionerfordeler, og så videre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1945
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"In support of this thesis, I offer the concentration that every "
"<emphasis>other</emphasis> industry has undergone over the same period. From "
"integration, and a suite of anti-competitive tactics that were once illegal "
"but are not any longer."
msgstr ""
+"Til støtte for denne tesen, tilbyr jeg konsentrasjonen som alle "
+"<emphasis>andre</emphasis> industrier har gjennomgått i samme periode. Fra "
+"profesjonell bryting, til varer i forbrukerpakninger, til leasing av "
+"næringseiendom, til bank, til sjøfrakt, til olje, til plateselskaper, til "
+"aviseierskap, til fornøyelsesparker, <emphasis>hver</emphasis> industri har "
+"gjennomgått et massivt skifte i retning konsentrasjon. Det er ingen åpenbare "
+"nettverkseffekter eller pionerfordeler som utspiller seg i disse bransjene. "
+"Men uansett, oppnådde disse næringene sin konsentrerte status med taktikker "
+"som var forbudt før Borks triumf: Fusjon med store konkurrenter, kjøpe ut "
+"innovative nye markedsdeltakere, horisontal og vertikal integrasjon, og en "
+"pakke med konkurransehemmende taktikk, som en gang var ulovlig, men ikke "
+"lenger."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1960
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Again: When you change the laws intended to prevent monopolies and then "
"monopolies form in exactly the way the law was supposed to prevent, it is "
"can be readily explained without recourse to radical theories of network "
"effects — but only if you’re willing to indict unregulated markets as "
"tending toward monopoly. Just as a lifelong smoker can give you a hundred "
-"reasons why their smoking didn’t cause their cancer (“It was the "
-"environmental toxins”), true believers in unregulated markets have a whole "
-"suite of unconvincing explanations for monopoly in tech that leave "
+"reasons why their smoking didn’t cause their cancer (<quote>It was the "
+"environmental toxins</quote>), true believers in unregulated markets have a "
+"whole suite of unconvincing explanations for monopoly in tech that leave "
"capitalism intact."
msgstr ""
+"Igjen: Når du endrer lovene som er ment å forhindre monopoler og deretter "
+"monopoler dannes på akkurat den måten loven skulle forhindre, er det rimelig "
+"å anta at disse fakta er relatert. Teknologikonsentrasjon kan lett "
+"forklares uten å ty til radikale teorier om nettverkseffekter - men bare "
+"hvis du er villig til å tiltale uregulerte markeder som tenderer i retning "
+"monopol. Akkurat som en livslang røyker kan gi deg hundre grunner til at "
+"deres røyking ikke forårsaket deres kreft (<quote>Det var miljøgiftene</"
+"quote>), har sanne troende i uregulerte markeder en hel pakke med "
+"overbevisende forklaringer på monopol i teknologi som holder kapitalismen "
+"intakt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:1972
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Steering with the windshield wipers"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Styring med vindusviskerne"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1974
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"It’s been 40 years since Bork’s project to rehabilitate monopolies achieved "
"liftoff, and that is a generation and a half, which is plenty of time to "
"take a common idea and make it seem outlandish and vice versa. Before the "
"1940s, affluent Americans dressed their baby boys in pink while baby girls "
-"wore blue (a “delicate and dainty” color). While gendered colors are "
-"obviously totally arbitrary, many still greet this news with amazement and "
-"find it hard to imagine a time when pink connoted masculinity."
-msgstr ""
+"wore blue (a <quote>delicate and dainty</quote> color). While gendered "
+"colors are obviously totally arbitrary, many still greet this news with "
+"amazement and find it hard to imagine a time when pink connoted masculinity."
+msgstr ""
+"Det er 40 år siden Borks prosjekt om å rehabilitere monopoler tok av, og det "
+"er en og en halv generasjon siden, noe som er god tid til å ta en felles idé "
+"og få den til å virke besynderlig og omvendt. Før 1940-tallet kledde "
+"velstående amerikanere sine babygutter i rosa mens babyjenter hadde blå (en "
+"<quote>delikat og lekker</quote> farge). Mens kjønnsfarger åpenbart er helt "
+"vilkårlige, møter mange fortsatt denne nyheten med forbauselse og finner det "
+"vanskelig å forestille seg en tid da rosa er knyttet til maskulinitet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1984
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"After 40 years of studiously ignoring antitrust analysis and enforcement, "
"it’s not surprising that we’ve all but forgotten that antitrust exists, that "
"prohibited under law, that market-cornering strategies like vertical "
"integration could land a company in court."
msgstr ""
+"Etter 40 år med utstudert ignorering av analyse og håndhevelse av "
+"antitrustlovgivning, er det ikke overraskende at vi alle nesten har glemt at "
+"antitrust eksisterer, at som vi husker, var vekst gjennom fusjoner og "
+"oppkjøp i stor grad forbudt etter loven, at strategier for å dominere "
+"markedet, som vertikal integrasjon, kunne sende et selskap til retten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:1992
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Antitrust is a market society’s steering wheel, the control of first resort "
"to keep would-be masters of the universe in their lanes. But Bork and his "
"of these other controls can be repurposed to let us choose where we’re "
"heading before we careen off a cliff."
msgstr ""
+"Antitrust er et ratt for samfunnets styring av markedet, og er første utvei "
+"for å holde potensielle verdensmestere i sjakk. Men Bork og kohorten hans "
+"fjernet rattet vårt for 40 år siden. Bilen tromler fortsatt av gårde, så vi "
+"rykker så hardt vi kan i alle <emphasis>andre</emphasis> regulatorer i "
+"bilen, samt svinger desperat med dørene og ruller vinduene opp og ned i håp "
+"om at en av disse andre tingene gir en omstilling som lar oss velge hvor vi "
+"er på vei før vi velter utfor en klippe."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2002
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"It’s like a 1960s science-fiction plot come to life: People stuck in a "
-"“generation ship,” plying its way across the stars, a ship once piloted by "
-"their ancestors; and now, after a great cataclysm, the ship’s crew have "
-"forgotten that they’re in a ship at all and no longer remember where the "
-"control room is. Adrift, the ship is racing toward its extinction, and "
-"unless we can seize the controls and execute emergency course correction, "
-"we’re all headed for a fiery death in the heart of a sun."
-msgstr ""
+"<quote>generation ship,</quote> plying its way across the stars, a ship once "
+"piloted by their ancestors; and now, after a great cataclysm, the ship’s "
+"crew have forgotten that they’re in a ship at all and no longer remember "
+"where the control room is. Adrift, the ship is racing toward its extinction, "
+"and unless we can seize the controls and execute emergency course "
+"correction, we’re all headed for a fiery death in the heart of a sun."
+msgstr ""
+"Det er som et virkelighetens science fiction-plott fra sekstitallet: Folk er "
+"fanget i et <quote>generasjonsskip</quote> som raser av sted mellom "
+"stjernene. Et skip som en gang ble styrt av forfedrene, mens nå, etter en "
+"stor katastrofe, har skipets mannskap glemt at de er på et skip og ingen vet "
+"lenger hvor kontrollrommet er. Ute av kontroll raser skipet mot slutten, og "
+"med mindre vi kan ta tilbake kontrollen og gjennomføre kurskorreksjon i "
+"tide, så er vi alle på tur mot en grusom død i hjertet av en sol."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:2012
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Surveillance still matters"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Overvåking er fortsatt viktig"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2014
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"None of this is to minimize the problems with surveillance. Surveillance "
"matters, and Big Tech’s use of surveillance <emphasis>is</emphasis> an "
"existential risk to our species, but that’s not because surveillance and "
"machine learning rob us of our free will."
msgstr ""
+"Ingenting av dette er å minimere problemene med overvåking. Overvåkning "
+"betyr noe, og Storteknologiens bruk av overvåkning <emphasis>er</emphasis> "
+"en eksistensiell risiko for vår art, men det er ikke fordi overvåking og "
+"maskinlæring frarøver oss vår frie vilje."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2021
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Surveillance has become <emphasis>much</emphasis> more efficient thanks to "
"Big Tech. In 1989, the Stasi — the East German secret police — had the whole "
"country under surveillance, a massive undertaking that recruited one out of "
"every 60 people to serve as an informant or intelligence operative."
msgstr ""
+"Overvåkingen har blitt <emphasis>mye</emphasis> mer effektiv takket være "
+"Storteknologien. I 1989 hadde Stasi – det østtyske hemmelige politiet – hele "
+"landet under overvåkning, et massivt foretak som rekrutterte hver sekstiende "
+"person til å tjene som informant eller etterretningsagent."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2028
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Today, we know that the NSA is spying on a significant fraction of the "
"entire world’s population, and its ratio of surveillance operatives to the "
"on this project — we don’t know how many of those cleared people are "
"involved in NSA spying, but it’s definitely not all of them)."
msgstr ""
+"I dag vet vi at NSA spionerer på en betydelig fraksjon av hele verdens "
+"befolkning, og forholdet mellom overvåkingsagenter og overvåket er mer som "
+"1:10.000 (det er sannsynligvis i den lave enden da det forutsetter at hver "
+"amerikaner med topphemmelig klarering jobber for NSA i dette prosjektet - vi "
+"vet ikke hvor mange av disse klarerte personene som er involvert i NSAs "
+"spionasje , men det er definitivt ikke alle disse)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2037
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"How did the ratio of surveillable citizens expand from 1:60 to 1:10,000 in "
"less than 30 years? It’s thanks to Big Tech. Our devices and services gather "
"these devices and the services they connect to, and then we painstakingly "
"perform the data-entry tasks associated with logging facts about our lives, "
"opinions, and preferences. This mass surveillance project has been largely "
-"useless for fighting terrorism: The NSA can <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nsa-cites-case-as-success-of-phone-data-collection-program/2013/08/08/fc915e5a-feda-11e2-96a8-d3b921c0924a_story.html\">only "
-"point to a single minor success story</ulink> in which it used its data "
-"collection program to foil an attempt by a U.S. resident to wire a few "
-"thousand dollars to an overseas terror group. It’s ineffective for much the "
-"same reason that commercial surveillance projects are largely ineffective at "
-"targeting advertising: The people who want to commit acts of terror, like "
-"people who want to buy a refrigerator, are extremely rare. If you’re trying "
-"to detect a phenomenon whose base rate is one in a million with an "
-"instrument whose accuracy is only 99%, then every true positive will come at "
-"the cost of 9,999 false positives."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2058
+"useless for fighting terrorism: The NSA can <ulink url=\"https://www."
+"washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nsa-cites-case-as-success-of-"
+"phone-data-collection-program/2013/08/08/fc915e5a-feda-11e2-96a8-"
+"d3b921c0924a_story.html\">only point to a single minor success story</ulink> "
+"in which it used its data collection program to foil an attempt by a U.S. "
+"resident to wire a few thousand dollars to an overseas terror group. It’s "
+"ineffective for much the same reason that commercial surveillance projects "
+"are largely ineffective at targeting advertising: The people who want to "
+"commit acts of terror, like people who want to buy a refrigerator, are "
+"extremely rare. If you’re trying to detect a phenomenon whose base rate is "
+"one in a million with an instrument whose accuracy is only 99%, then every "
+"true positive will come at the cost of 9,999 false positives."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvordan utvidet forholdet mellom overvåkbare borgere seg fra 1:60 til "
+"1:10,000 på mindre enn 30 år? Det er takket være Storteknologien. Vårt "
+"utstyr og tjenester samler de fleste dataene som NSA utvinner til sitt "
+"overvåkingsprosjekt. Vi betaler for dette utstyret og de tjenestene de "
+"kobler seg til, og så utfører vi møysommelig dataregistreringsoppgavene "
+"knyttet til logging av fakta om våre liv, meninger og preferanser. Dette "
+"masseovervåkingsprosjektet har i stor grad vært ubrukelig for å bekjempe "
+"terrorisme: NSA kan <ulink url=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/"
+"national-security/nsa-cites-case-as-success-of-phone-data-collection-"
+"program/2013/08/08/fc915e5a-feda-11e2-96a8-d3b921c0924a_story.html\"> bare "
+"peke på en enkelt mindre suksesshistorie</ulink> der de brukte sitt "
+"datainnsamlingsprogram for å hindre et forsøk fra en amerikansk innbygger å "
+"overføre noen få tusen dollar til en oversjøisk terrorgruppe. Det er "
+"ineffektivt for mye av den samme grunnen som at kommersielle "
+"overvåkingsprosjekter i stor grad er ineffektive til å målrette reklame: "
+"Folk som ønsker å begå terrorhandlinger, lik folk som ønsker å kjøpe et "
+"kjøleskap, er ekstremt sjeldne. Hvis du prøver å oppdage et fenomen hvis "
+"basisandelen bare er en av en million med et instrument med en nøyaktighet "
+"på bare 99 %, kommer hver sanne positive til en kostnad på 9999 falske "
+"positive."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Let me explain that again: If one in a million people is a terrorist, then "
"there will only be about one terrorist in a random sample of one million "
"identify 10,000 terrorists in your million-person sample (1% of one million "
"is 10,000). For every true positive, you’ll get 9,999 false positives."
msgstr ""
+"La meg forklare det igjen: Hvis en av en million mennesker er terrorist, så "
+"vil det bare være omtrent en terrorist i et tilfeldig utvalg med en million "
+"mennesker. Hvis testen for å oppdage terrorister er 99 % nøyaktig, vil den "
+"identifisere 10.000 terrorister i din million-personer prøve (1 % av en "
+"million er 10.000). For hver sann positiv, vil du få 9999 falske positive."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2066
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"In reality, the accuracy of algorithmic terrorism detection falls far short "
"of the 99% mark, as does refrigerator ad targeting. The difference is that "
"being falsely accused of planning a terror attack can destroy your life and "
"the lives of everyone you love."
msgstr ""
+"I virkeligheten blir nøyaktigheten for algoritmisk gjenkjenning av "
+"terrorisme langt under 99 %-merket, det samme gjør målrettingen av "
+"kjøleskapannonser. Forskjellen er at å bli feilaktig anklaget for å ville "
+"kjøpe et kjøleskap er en mindre plage, mens blir du feilaktig anklaget for å "
+"planlegge et terrorangrep kan det ødelegge livet ditt og livene til alle du "
+"elsker."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2073
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Mass state surveillance is only feasible because of surveillance capitalism "
"and its extremely low-yield ad-targeting systems, which require a constant "
"primary failure mode is grotesque human rights abuses, tending toward "
"totalitarianism."
msgstr ""
+"Massestatlig overvåking er bare mulig på grunn av overvåkingskapitalismen og "
+"dens ekstremt lavavkastnings systemer for annonsemålretting, som krever en "
+"konstant påfyll av personopplysninger for å for å knapt bli levedyktige. "
+"Overvåkingskapitalismens primære feilmodus er feilmålrettede annonser, mens "
+"massestatovervåkingens primære feilmodus er groteske "
+"menneskerettighetsbrudd, som tenderer mot et totalitært samfunn."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2081
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"State surveillance is no mere parasite on Big Tech, sucking up its data and "
"giving nothing in return. In truth, the two are symbiotes: Big Tech sucks up "
"spy agencies’ needs. There is no firm distinction between state surveillance "
"and surveillance capitalism; they are dependent on one another."
msgstr ""
+"Statlig overvåking er ikke kun en snylter på Storteknologien som suger til "
+"data derfra uten å gi noe tilbake. I sannhet er de to i symbiose: "
+"Storteknologien suger opp våre data for spionbyråer, og spionbyråene sikrer "
+"at regjeringene ikke begrenser Storteknologiens aktiviteter så sterkt at det "
+"ikke lenger ville tjene spionbyråenes behov. Det er intet klart skille "
+"mellom statlig overvåking og overvåkingskapitalisme; de er avhengige av "
+"hverandre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2090
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"To see this at work today, look no further than Amazon’s home surveillance "
"device, the Ring doorbell, and its associated app, Neighbors. Ring — a "
-"product that Amazon acquired and did not develop in house — makes a "
-"camera-enabled doorbell that streams footage from your front door to your "
-"mobile device. The Neighbors app allows you to form a neighborhood-wide "
+"product that Amazon acquired and did not develop in house — makes a camera-"
+"enabled doorbell that streams footage from your front door to your mobile "
+"device. The Neighbors app allows you to form a neighborhood-wide "
"surveillance grid with your fellow Ring owners through which you can share "
-"clips of “suspicious characters.” If you’re thinking that this sounds like a "
-"recipe for letting curtain-twitching racists supercharge their suspicions of "
-"people with brown skin who walk down their blocks, <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/07/amazons-ring-enables-over-policing-efforts-some-americas-deadliest-law-enforcement\">you’re "
-"right</ulink>. Ring has become a <emphasis>de facto,</emphasis> "
-"off-the-books arm of the police without any of the pesky oversight or rules."
-msgstr ""
+"clips of <quote>suspicious characters.</quote> If you’re thinking that this "
+"sounds like a recipe for letting curtain-twitching racists supercharge their "
+"suspicions of people with brown skin who walk down their blocks, <ulink url="
+"\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/07/amazons-ring-enables-over-policing-"
+"efforts-some-americas-deadliest-law-enforcement\">you’re right</ulink>. Ring "
+"has become a <emphasis>de facto,</emphasis> off-the-books arm of the police "
+"without any of the pesky oversight or rules."
+msgstr ""
+"For å se hvordan dette virker i dag, så trenger vi ikke se lenger enn til "
+"Amazons enhet for hjemmeovervåking: dørklokken Ring og den tilhørende appen "
+"Neighbors. Ring - er et produkt som Amazon kjøpte og ikke utviklet internt - "
+"er en kameraaktivert dørklokke som strømmer videoopptak fra inngangsdøren "
+"til mobilenheten din. Neighbors-appen lar deg danne et overvåkingsnett for "
+"hele nabolaget med andre Ring-eiere, der du kan dele klipp av "
+"<quote>mistenkelige individer</quote>. Hvis du tenker at dette høres ut som "
+"en oppskrift på å la rasister bak gardinene virkelig gi krefter til sine "
+"mistanker mot personer med brun hud som går langs gatene, <ulink url=\"https"
+"://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/07/amazons-ring-enables-over-policing-efforts-"
+"some-americas-deadliest-law-enforcement\">har du rett</ulink>. Ring har "
+"blitt en <emphasis>de facto</emphasis>, uoffisiell forlengelse av politiet "
+"uten noen irriterende tilsyn eller regler."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2106
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"In mid-2019, a series of public records requests revealed that Amazon had "
"struck confidential deals with more than 400 local law enforcement agencies "
"down a police request, Amazon only requires the agency to formally request "
"the footage from the company, which it will then produce."
msgstr ""
+"I midten av 2019 viste en rekke innsynsforespørsler at Amazon hadde inngått "
+"konfidensielle avtaler med mer enn 400 lokale politimyndigheter der "
+"myndighetene skulle markedsføre Ring og Neighbors mot å få tilgang til "
+"opptak fra Ring-kameraene. I teorien måtte politifolk be om tilgang til "
+"disse opptakene gjennom Amazon (og interne dokumenter viser at Amazon setter "
+"av betydelige ressurser for å trene opp politifolk i hvordan lage en "
+"troverdig forklaring når de gjør dette), men i praksis, hvis en Ring-kunde "
+"avviser en forespørsel fra politiet, så krever Amazon kun at myndighetene "
+"retter en formell henvendelse om opptaket til selskapet, for å få det "
+"utlevert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2118
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Ring and law enforcement have found many ways to intertwine their "
"activities. Ring strikes secret deals to acquire real-time access to 911 "
"serve as convincers for anyone who’s contemplating a surveillance doorbell "
"but isn’t sure whether their neighborhood is dangerous enough to warrant it."
msgstr ""
+"Ring og politiet har funnet mange måter å flette sammen sine aktiviteter. "
+"Ring inngår hemmelige avtaler for å skaffe sanntidstilgang til 911-"
+"utkallinger og strømmer deretter alarmerende meldinger om kriminalitet til "
+"brukere av Neighbors, som bidrar til å overbevise alle som vurderer en "
+"overvåkningsdørklokke, men er ikke sikker på om nabolaget deres er så farlig "
+"at det trengs."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2126
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The more the cops buzz-market the surveillance capitalist Ring, the more "
"surveillance capability the state gets. Cops who rely on private entities "
"curb them. The fewer laws there are against them, the more the cops will "
"rely on them."
msgstr ""
+"Jo mer politiet følger overvåkingskapitalisten Ring, jo mer overvåkingsevne "
+"staten får. Politiet som stoler på private enheter for sin rettshåndhevelse, "
+"og deretter guides i retning utplasseringen av denne teknologien, mens "
+"selskapene returnere tjenesten ved lobbyvirksomhet mot regler som krever "
+"offentlig tilsyn med politiets overvåkingsteknologi. Jo mer politiet stoler "
+"på Ring og Neighbors, jo vanskeligere vil det være å vedta lover mot dem. Jo "
+"færre lover er det mot dem, jo mer vil politiet stole på dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:2137
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Dignity and sanctuary"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Verdighet og tilfluktsted"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2139
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But even if we could exercise democratic control over our states and force "
"them to stop raiding surveillance capitalism’s reservoirs of behavioral "
"data, surveillance capitalism would still harm us."
msgstr ""
+"Men selv om vi kunne utøve demokratisk kontroll over våre stater og tvinge "
+"dem til å slutte å ransake overvåkingskapitalismens reservoarer av "
+"atferdsdata, så ville overvåkingskapitalismen fortsatt skade oss."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2144
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"This is an area where Zuboff shines. Her chapter on “sanctuary” — the "
-"feeling of being unobserved — is a beautiful hymn to introspection, "
+"This is an area where Zuboff shines. Her chapter on <quote>sanctuary</quote> "
+"— the feeling of being unobserved — is a beautiful hymn to introspection, "
"calmness, mindfulness, and tranquility."
msgstr ""
+"Dette er et område der Zuboff glimter til. Hennes kapittel om "
+"<quote>tilfluktsted</quote> — følelsen av å ikke bli observert — er en "
+"nydelig hyllest til introspeksjon, ro, oppmerksomt nærvær og stillhet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2149
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"When you are watched, something changes. Anyone who has ever raised a child "
"knows this. You might look up from your book (or more realistically, from "
"your authentic self, and in that moment, you are vulnerable like a hermit "
"crab scuttling from one shell to the next. The tender, unprotected tissues "
"you expose in that moment are too delicate to reveal in the presence of "
-"another, even someone you trust as implicitly as a child trusts their "
-"parent."
-msgstr ""
+"another, even someone you trust as implicitly as a child trusts their parent."
+msgstr ""
+"Når du blir overvåket, blir noe endret.. Alle som har oppdratt et barn vet "
+"dette. Du kan se opp fra boken din (eller mer realistisk, fra mobilen) og "
+"fange barnet ditt i et øyeblikk av dyp realisering og vekst, et øyeblikk "
+"hvor de lærer noe som er helt i utkanten av sine evner, som krever "
+"fullstendig og intens konsentrasjon. Et øyeblikk er du oppslukt, har det "
+"sjeldne og vakre øyeblikket i fokus og utspille seg ut foran øynene dine, så "
+"ser barnet opp og ser at du ser det, og øyeblikket kollapser. For å vokse, "
+"trenger du å være og vise ditt autentiske selv, og i det øyeblikket er du "
+"sårbar som en eremittkrabbe som skynder seg fra ett skall til det neste. Den "
+"ømme, ubeskyttede veven du viser i det øyeblikket, er for delikate til å "
+"avsløre i nærvær av en annen, selv noen du stoler så betingelsesløst på som "
+"et barn stoler på sine foreldre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2165
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"In the digital age, our authentic selves are inextricably tied to our "
"digital lives. Your search history is a running ledger of the questions "
"sought out and the experiences you’ve had there. Your social graph reveals "
"the different facets of your identity, the people you’ve connected with."
msgstr ""
+"I den digitale tidsalder er vårt sanne jeg uløselig knyttet til våre "
+"digitale liv. Søkehistorikken din er en løpende oversikt over spørsmålene du "
+"har fundert på. Posisjonshistorikken din er et arkiv over steder du har "
+"trukket mot og opplevelsene du har hatt der. Din sosiale graf avslører de "
+"ulike sidene av identiteten din, og folkene du er knyttet til."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2173
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"To be observed in these activities is to lose the sanctuary of your "
"authentic self."
msgstr ""
+"Å få disse aktivitetene observert er å miste tilfluktstedet for ditt sanne "
+"jeg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2177
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"There’s another way in which surveillance capitalism robs us of our capacity "
"to be our authentic selves: by making us anxious. Surveillance capitalism "
"systems never quite become inured to it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2188
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"Our devices and services are “general purpose” in that they can connect "
-"anything or anyone to anything or anyone else and that they can run any "
-"program that can be written. This means that the distraction rectangles in "
-"our pockets hold our most precious moments with our most beloved people and "
-"their most urgent or time-sensitive communications (from “running late can "
-"you get the kid?” to “doctor gave me bad news and I need to talk to you "
-"RIGHT NOW”) as well as ads for refrigerators and recruiting messages from "
-"Nazis."
-msgstr ""
+"Our devices and services are <quote>general purpose</quote> in that they can "
+"connect anything or anyone to anything or anyone else and that they can run "
+"any program that can be written. This means that the distraction rectangles "
+"in our pockets hold our most precious moments with our most beloved people "
+"and their most urgent or time-sensitive communications (from <quote>running "
+"late can you get the kid?</quote> to <quote>doctor gave me bad news and I "
+"need to talk to you RIGHT NOW</quote>) as well as ads for refrigerators and "
+"recruiting messages from Nazis."
+msgstr ""
+"Våre enheter og tjenester har <quote>generelt formål</quote> i det at de kan "
+"koble hva som helst eller hvem som helst til hva som helst eller hvem som "
+"helst, og de kan gjøre ethvert program som kan lages. Dette betyr at "
+"distraksjonsrektanglene i lommene våre passer på våre mest verdifulle "
+"øyeblikk med våre kjæreste og deres mest presserende eller tidskritiske "
+"meldinger (fra <quote>blir sen, kan du hente ungen?</quote> til <quote>legen "
+"ga med dårlige nyheter og jeg trenger å snakke med deg MED EN GANG</quote>) "
+"i tillegg til reklamer for kjøleskap og rekrutteringsmeldinger fra nazister."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2198
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"All day and all night, our pockets buzz, shattering our concentration and "
"tearing apart the fragile webs of connection we spin as we think through "
"difficult ideas. If you locked someone in a cell and agitated them like "
-"this, we’d call it “sleep deprivation torture,” and it would be <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SKpRbvnx6g\">a war crime under the "
-"Geneva Conventions</ulink>."
-msgstr ""
+"this, we’d call it <quote>sleep deprivation torture,</quote> and it would be "
+"<ulink url=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SKpRbvnx6g\">a war crime under "
+"the Geneva Conventions</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dag og natt vibrerer lommene våre, knuser konsentrasjonen vår og river i "
+"stykker de skjøre edderkoppspinnene av sammenehenger vi spinner når vi "
+"tenker gjennom vanskelige ideer. Hvis du låste noen inne i en celle og "
+"forstyrret dem på dette viset, så ville vi kalt det "
+"<quote>søvnnektingstortur</quote>, og det ville vært en <ulink url=\"https://"
+"www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SKpRbvnx6g\">krigsforbrytelse i følge Geneve-"
+"konvensjonen</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:2207
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Afflicting the afflicted"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Pine de plagede"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2209
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The effects of surveillance on our ability to be our authentic selves are "
"not equal for all people. Some of us are lucky enough to live in a time and "
"roundly socially acceptable and can be publicly displayed without the risk "
"of social consequence."
msgstr ""
+"Effekten overvåkning har på vår evne til å være oss selv på ekte er ikke lik "
+"for alle mennesker. Noen av oss er heldige nok til å leve på en tid og sted "
+"der de viktigste fakta om våre live er i stor grad sosialt aksepterte og kan "
+"vises frem offentlig uten risiko for sosiale konsekvenser."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2216
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But for many of us, this is not true. Recall that in living memory, many of "
"the ways of being that we think of as socially acceptable today were once "
"cause for dire social sanction or even imprisonment. If you are 65 years "
-"old, you have lived through a time in which people living in “free "
-"societies” could be imprisoned or sanctioned for engaging in homosexual "
-"activity, for falling in love with a person whose skin was a different color "
-"than their own, or for smoking weed."
+"old, you have lived through a time in which people living in <quote>free "
+"societies</quote> could be imprisoned or sanctioned for engaging in "
+"homosexual activity, for falling in love with a person whose skin was a "
+"different color than their own, or for smoking weed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2226
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Today, these activities aren’t just decriminalized in much of the world, "
"they’re considered normal, and the fallen prohibitions are viewed as "
"shameful, regrettable relics of the past."
msgstr ""
+"I dag er disse aktivitetene ikke bare avkriminalisert i store deler av "
+"verden, de anses som normale, og de forhenværende forbudene anses som "
+"skamfulle, forkastelige relikvier fra fortiden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2231
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"How did we get from prohibition to normalization? Through private, personal "
"activity: People who were secretly gay or secret pot-smokers or who secretly "
"disclosing their true selves to the people around them and bringing them to "
"their cause one conversation at a time."
msgstr ""
+"Hvordan gikk vi fra forbud til normalisering? Ved hjelp av privat og "
+"personlig aktivitet: Folk som var homofile i skjul, eller som var "
+"hasjrøykere i smug, eller som i hemmeliget elsket noen med en annen "
+"hudfarge, var alle sårbare for gjengjeldelse hvis de gjorde sitt sanne jeg "
+"kjent, og det var begrenset hvor mye de kunne fremme sine egne rettigheter i "
+"samfunnet og slik være tro mot seg selv. Men fordi det var en privatsfære, "
+"så kunne disse folkene danne allianser med sine kjære og sine venner som "
+"ikke delte deres uglesette egenskaper, ved å ha private samtaler der de kom "
+"ut av skapet og avslørte sitt sanne jeg til folkene rundt dem og bringe dem "
+"inn på sin side, en samtale av gangen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2244
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The right to choose the time and manner of these conversations was key to "
"their success. It’s one thing to come out to your dad while you’re on a "
"over the Christmas dinner table while your racist Facebook uncle is there to "
"make a scene."
msgstr ""
+"Retten til å velge tid og sted for disse samtalene var nøkkelen til at de "
+"lyktes. Det er en ting å komme ut av skapet overfor faren din mens dere er "
+"på fisketurn langt unna allfarvei, og en helt annen ting å plumpe ut med det "
+"over julemiddagen mens din rasistiske Facebook-onkel er der for å lage en "
+"scene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2251
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Without a private sphere, there’s a chance that none of these changes would "
"have come to pass and that the people who benefited from these changes would "
"have either faced social sanction for coming out to a hostile world or would "
"have never been able to reveal their true selves to the people they love."
msgstr ""
+"Uten en privatsfære så er det en sjanske for at ingen av disse endringene "
+"hadde funnet sted, og at folkene som dro nytte av disse endringene enten "
+"hadde mått sociale saksjoner for å komme ut av skapet i en fientlig verden "
+"eller ville aldri vært i stand til å vise sitt sanne jeg til folkene de er "
+"glade i."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2258
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The corollary is that, unless you think that our society has attained social "
"perfection — that your grandchildren in 50 years will ask you to tell them "
"sorrow will be the falsity of their relationship to you."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2270
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid "A private realm is necessary for human progress."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "En privatsfære er nødvendig for menneskelig fremgang."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:2273
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Any data you collect and retain will eventually leak"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Alle data du samler og tar vare på vil til slutt lekke"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2275
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The lack of a private life can rob vulnerable people of the chance to be "
"their authentic selves and constrain our actions by depriving us of "
"sanctuary, but there is another risk that is borne by everyone, not just "
"people with a secret: crime."
msgstr ""
+"Mangelen på privatliv kan berøve sårbare folk sjansen til å være sitt sanne "
+"jeg og begrense våre handler ved å frarøve oss vårt tilfluktsted, men det er "
+"en annen risiko som belastes oss alle, ikke bare folk med en hemmelighet: "
+"kriminalitet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2281
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Personally identifying information is of very limited use for the purpose of "
"controlling peoples’ minds, but identity theft — really a catchall term for "
"expose you to physical danger — thrives on it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2289
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"Attackers are not limited to using data from one breached source, "
-"either. Multiple services have suffered breaches that exposed names, "
-"addresses, phone numbers, passwords, sexual tastes, school grades, work "
-"performance, brushes with the criminal justice system, family details, "
-"genetic information, fingerprints and other biometrics, reading habits, "
-"search histories, literary tastes, pseudonymous identities, and other "
-"sensitive information. Attackers can merge data from these different "
-"breaches to build up extremely detailed dossiers on random subjects and then "
-"use different parts of the data for different criminal purposes."
+"Attackers are not limited to using data from one breached source, either. "
+"Multiple services have suffered breaches that exposed names, addresses, "
+"phone numbers, passwords, sexual tastes, school grades, work performance, "
+"brushes with the criminal justice system, family details, genetic "
+"information, fingerprints and other biometrics, reading habits, search "
+"histories, literary tastes, pseudonymous identities, and other sensitive "
+"information. Attackers can merge data from these different breaches to build "
+"up extremely detailed dossiers on random subjects and then use different "
+"parts of the data for different criminal purposes."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2301
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"For example, attackers can use leaked username and password combinations to "
-"hijack whole fleets of commercial vehicles that <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/zmpx4x/hacker-monitor-cars-kill-engine-gps-tracking-apps\">have "
-"been fitted with anti-theft GPS trackers and immobilizers</ulink> or to "
-"hijack baby monitors in order to <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/04/23/how-nest-designed-keep-intruders-out-peoples-homes-effectively-allowed-hackers-get/?utm_term=.15220e98c550\">terrorize "
-"toddlers with the audio tracks from pornography</ulink>. Attackers use "
-"leaked data to trick phone companies into giving them your phone number, "
-"then they intercept SMS-based two-factor authentication codes in order to "
-"take over your email, bank account, and/or cryptocurrency wallets."
+"hijack whole fleets of commercial vehicles that <ulink url=\"https://www."
+"vice.com/en_us/article/zmpx4x/hacker-monitor-cars-kill-engine-gps-tracking-"
+"apps\">have been fitted with anti-theft GPS trackers and immobilizers</"
+"ulink> or to hijack baby monitors in order to <ulink url=\"https://www."
+"washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/04/23/how-nest-designed-keep-intruders-"
+"out-peoples-homes-effectively-allowed-hackers-get/?"
+"utm_term=.15220e98c550\">terrorize toddlers with the audio tracks from "
+"pornography</ulink>. Attackers use leaked data to trick phone companies into "
+"giving them your phone number, then they intercept SMS-based two-factor "
+"authentication codes in order to take over your email, bank account, and/or "
+"cryptocurrency wallets."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2314
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Attackers are endlessly inventive in the pursuit of creative ways to "
"weaponize leaked data. One common use of leaked data is to penetrate "
"companies in order to access <emphasis>more</emphasis> data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2319
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"Like spies, online fraudsters are totally dependent on companies "
-"over-collecting and over-retaining our data. Spy agencies sometimes pay "
-"companies for access to their data or intimidate them into giving it up, but "
-"sometimes they work just like criminals do — by <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-24751821\">sneaking data out "
-"of companies’ databases</ulink>."
+"Like spies, online fraudsters are totally dependent on companies over-"
+"collecting and over-retaining our data. Spy agencies sometimes pay companies "
+"for access to their data or intimidate them into giving it up, but sometimes "
+"they work just like criminals do — by <ulink url=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/"
+"world-us-canada-24751821\">sneaking data out of companies’ databases</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2327
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The over-collection of data has a host of terrible social consequences, from "
"the erosion of our authentic selves to the undermining of social progress, "
"that’s the least of our troubles."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:2335
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Critical tech exceptionalism is still tech exceptionalism"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2338
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Big Tech has long practiced technology exceptionalism: the idea that it "
-"should not be subject to the mundane laws and norms of “meatspace.” Mottoes "
-"like Facebook’s “move fast and break things” attracted justifiable scorn of "
-"the companies’ self-serving rhetoric."
+"should not be subject to the mundane laws and norms of <quote>meatspace.</"
+"quote> Mottoes like Facebook’s <quote>move fast and break things</quote> "
+"attracted justifiable scorn of the companies’ self-serving rhetoric."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2344
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Tech exceptionalism got us all into a lot of trouble, so it’s ironic and "
"distressing to see Big Tech’s critics committing the same sin."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2348
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"Big Tech is not a “rogue capitalism” that cannot be cured through the "
-"traditional anti-monopoly remedies of trustbusting (forcing companies to "
-"divest of competitors they have acquired) and bans on mergers to monopoly "
-"and other anti-competitive tactics. Big Tech does not have the power to use "
-"machine learning to influence our behavior so thoroughly that markets lose "
-"the ability to punish bad actors and reward superior competitors. Big Tech "
-"has no rule-writing mind-control ray that necessitates ditching our old "
-"toolbox."
+"Big Tech is not a <quote>rogue capitalism</quote> that cannot be cured "
+"through the traditional anti-monopoly remedies of trustbusting (forcing "
+"companies to divest of competitors they have acquired) and bans on mergers "
+"to monopoly and other anti-competitive tactics. Big Tech does not have the "
+"power to use machine learning to influence our behavior so thoroughly that "
+"markets lose the ability to punish bad actors and reward superior "
+"competitors. Big Tech has no rule-writing mind-control ray that necessitates "
+"ditching our old toolbox."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2358
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The thing is, people have been claiming to have perfected mind-control rays "
"for centuries, and every time, it turned out to be a con — though sometimes "
"the con artists were also conning themselves."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2364
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"For generations, the advertising industry has been steadily improving its "
"ability to sell advertising services to businesses while only making "
"marginal gains in selling those businesses’ products to prospective "
-"customers. John Wanamaker’s lament that “50% of my advertising budget is "
-"wasted, I just don’t know which 50%” is a testament to the triumph of "
-"<emphasis>ad executives</emphasis>, who successfully convinced Wanamaker "
+"customers. John Wanamaker’s lament that <quote>50% of my advertising budget "
+"is wasted, I just don’t know which 50%</quote> is a testament to the triumph "
+"of <emphasis>ad executives</emphasis>, who successfully convinced Wanamaker "
"that only half of the money he spent went to waste."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2374
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The tech industry has made enormous improvements in the science of "
"convincing businesses that they’re good at advertising while their actual "
-"improvements to advertising — as opposed to targeting — have been pretty "
-"ho-hum. The vogue for machine learning — and the mystical invocation of "
-"“artificial intelligence” as a synonym for straightforward statistical "
-"inference techniques — has greatly boosted the efficacy of Big Tech’s sales "
-"pitch as marketers have exploited potential customers’ lack of technical "
-"sophistication to get away with breathtaking acts of overpromising and "
-"underdelivering."
+"improvements to advertising — as opposed to targeting — have been pretty ho-"
+"hum. The vogue for machine learning — and the mystical invocation of "
+"<quote>artificial intelligence</quote> as a synonym for straightforward "
+"statistical inference techniques — has greatly boosted the efficacy of Big "
+"Tech’s sales pitch as marketers have exploited potential customers’ lack of "
+"technical sophistication to get away with breathtaking acts of overpromising "
+"and underdelivering."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2386
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"It’s tempting to think that if businesses are willing to pour billions into "
"a venture that the venture must be a good one. Yet there are plenty of times "
"accumulation, not a sign that managed funds are a good buy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2400
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The claims of Big Tech’s mind-control system are full of tells that the "
-"enterprise is a con. For example, <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01415/full\">the "
-"reliance on the “Big Five” personality traits</ulink> as a primary means of "
-"influencing people even though the “Big Five” theory is unsupported by any "
-"large-scale, peer-reviewed studies and is <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.wired.com/story/the-noisy-fallacies-of-psychographic-targeting/\">mostly "
-"the realm of marketing hucksters and pop psych</ulink>."
+"enterprise is a con. For example, <ulink url=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/"
+"articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01415/full\">the reliance on the <quote>Big "
+"Five</quote> personality traits</ulink> as a primary means of influencing "
+"people even though the <quote>Big Five</quote> theory is unsupported by any "
+"large-scale, peer-reviewed studies and is <ulink url=\"https://www.wired.com/"
+"story/the-noisy-fallacies-of-psychographic-targeting/\">mostly the realm of "
+"marketing hucksters and pop psych</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2410
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Big Tech’s promotional materials also claim that their algorithms can "
-"accurately perform “sentiment analysis” or detect peoples’ moods based on "
-"their “microexpressions,” but <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/12/647040758/advertising-on-facebook-is-it-worth-it\">these "
-"are marketing claims, not scientific ones</ulink>. These methods are largely "
-"untested by independent scientific experts, and where they have been tested, "
-"they’ve been found sorely wanting. Microexpressions are particularly "
-"suspect as the companies that specialize in training people to detect them "
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"https://theintercept.com/2017/02/08/tsas-own-files-show-doubtful-science-behind-its-behavior-screening-program/\">have "
+"accurately perform <quote>sentiment analysis</quote> or detect peoples’ "
+"moods based on their <quote>microexpressions,</quote> but <ulink url="
+"\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/12/647040758/advertising-on-facebook-is-it-"
+"worth-it\">these are marketing claims, not scientific ones</ulink>. These "
+"methods are largely untested by independent scientific experts, and where "
+"they have been tested, they’ve been found sorely wanting. Microexpressions "
+"are particularly suspect as the companies that specialize in training people "
+"to detect them <ulink url=\"https://theintercept.com/2017/02/08/tsas-own-"
+"files-show-doubtful-science-behind-its-behavior-screening-program/\">have "
"been shown</ulink> to underperform relative to random chance."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2423
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Big Tech has been so good at marketing its own supposed superpowers that "
"it’s easy to believe that they can market everything else with similar "
"its machine-learning fueled persuasion systems work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2435
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"That skepticism should infuse all of our evaluations of Big Tech and its "
"supposed abilities, including our perusal of its patents. Zuboff vests these "
"patents with enormous significance, pointing out that Google claimed "
-"extensive new persuasion capabilities in <ulink "
-"url=\"https://patents.google.com/patent/US20050131762A1/en\">its patent "
-"filings</ulink>. These claims are doubly suspect: first, because they are so "
-"self-serving, and second, because the patent itself is so notoriously an "
-"invitation to exaggeration."
+"extensive new persuasion capabilities in <ulink url=\"https://patents.google."
+"com/patent/US20050131762A1/en\">its patent filings</ulink>. These claims are "
+"doubly suspect: first, because they are so self-serving, and second, because "
+"the patent itself is so notoriously an invitation to exaggeration."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2445
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Patent applications take the form of a series of claims and range from broad "
"to narrow. A typical patent starts out by claiming that its authors have "
"invented a method or system for doing every conceivable thing that anyone "
"might do, ever, with any tool or device. Then it narrows that claim in "
-"successive stages until we get to the actual “invention” that is the true "
-"subject of the patent. The hope is that the patent examiner — who is almost "
-"certainly overworked and underinformed — will miss the fact that some or all "
-"of these claims are ridiculous, or at least suspect, and grant the patent’s "
-"broader claims. Patents for unpatentable things are still incredibly useful "
-"because they can be wielded against competitors who might license that "
-"patent or steer clear of its claims rather than endure the lengthy, "
-"expensive process of contesting it."
+"successive stages until we get to the actual <quote>invention</quote> that "
+"is the true subject of the patent. The hope is that the patent examiner — "
+"who is almost certainly overworked and underinformed — will miss the fact "
+"that some or all of these claims are ridiculous, or at least suspect, and "
+"grant the patent’s broader claims. Patents for unpatentable things are still "
+"incredibly useful because they can be wielded against competitors who might "
+"license that patent or steer clear of its claims rather than endure the "
+"lengthy, expensive process of contesting it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2460
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"What’s more, software patents are routinely granted even though the filer "
-"doesn’t have any evidence that they can do the thing claimed by the "
-"patent. That is, you can patent an “invention” that you haven’t actually "
-"made and that you don’t know how to make."
+"doesn’t have any evidence that they can do the thing claimed by the patent. "
+"That is, you can patent an <quote>invention</quote> that you haven’t "
+"actually made and that you don’t know how to make."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2466
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"With these considerations in hand, it becomes obvious that the fact that a "
"Big Tech company has patented what it <emphasis>says</emphasis> is an "
"fact control our minds."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2473
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Big Tech collects our data for many reasons, including the diminishing "
"returns on existing stores of data. But many tech companies also collect "
"put to use after the first doubles the number of possible fax-to-fax links."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2483
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Data mined for predictive systems doesn’t necessarily produce these "
"dividends. Think of Netflix: The predictive value of the data mined from a "
"labeling and validating data do not get cheaper at scale."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2494
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Businesses pursue fads to the detriment of their profits all the time, "
"especially when the businesses and their investors are not motivated by the "
"prospect of becoming profitable but rather by the prospect of being acquired "
"by a Big Tech giant or by having an IPO. For these firms, ticking faddish "
-"boxes like “collects as much data as possible” might realize a bigger return "
-"on investment than “collects a business-appropriate quantity of data.”"
+"boxes like <quote>collects as much data as possible</quote> might realize a "
+"bigger return on investment than <quote>collects a business-appropriate "
+"quantity of data.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2503
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"This is another harm of tech exceptionalism: The belief that more data "
"always produces more profits in the form of more insights that can be "
"spend not one penny more than is necessary on protecting data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:2517
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid ""
"How monopolies, not mind control, drive surveillance capitalism: The "
"Snapchat story"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2520
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"For the first decade of its existence, Facebook competed with the social "
"media giants of the day (Myspace, Orkut, etc.) by presenting itself as the "
"social media wars like Myspace."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2530
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Despite frequent promises that it would never collect or analyze its users’ "
"data, Facebook periodically created initiatives that did just that, like the "
"creepy, ham-fisted Beacon tool, which spied on you as you moved around the "
"web and then added your online activities to your public timeline, allowing "
-"your friends to monitor your browsing habits. Beacon sparked a user "
-"revolt. Every time, Facebook backed off from its surveillance initiative, "
-"but not all the way; inevitably, the new Facebook would be more surveilling "
-"than the old Facebook, though not quite as surveilling as the intermediate "
-"Facebook following the launch of the new product or service."
+"your friends to monitor your browsing habits. Beacon sparked a user revolt. "
+"Every time, Facebook backed off from its surveillance initiative, but not "
+"all the way; inevitably, the new Facebook would be more surveilling than the "
+"old Facebook, though not quite as surveilling as the intermediate Facebook "
+"following the launch of the new product or service."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2542
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The pace at which Facebook ramped up its surveillance efforts seems to have "
"been set by Facebook’s competitive landscape. The more competitors Facebook "
"had, the better it behaved. Every time a major competitor foundered, "
-"Facebook’s behavior <ulink "
-"url=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3247362\">got "
-"markedly worse</ulink>."
+"Facebook’s behavior <ulink url=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?"
+"abstract_id=3247362\">got markedly worse</ulink>."
msgstr ""
+"Hvor raskt Facebook økte sin overvåkningsinnsats ser ut til å ha vært styrt "
+"av det konkurransemessige landskapet til Facebook. Jo flere konkurrenter "
+"Facebook hadde, jo bedre oppførte de seg. Hver gang en stor konkurrent brøt "
+"sammen, så ble oppførselen til Facebook <ulink url=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/"
+"sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3247362\">markant verre</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2550
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"All the while, Facebook was prodigiously acquiring companies, including a "
-"company called Onavo. Nominally, Onavo made a battery-monitoring mobile "
-"app. But the permissions that Onavo required were so expansive that the app "
-"was able to gather fine-grained telemetry on everything users did with their "
+"company called Onavo. Nominally, Onavo made a battery-monitoring mobile app. "
+"But the permissions that Onavo required were so expansive that the app was "
+"able to gather fine-grained telemetry on everything users did with their "
"phones, including which apps they used and how they were using them."
msgstr ""
+"Samtidig kjøpte Facebook enormt mange selskaper, inkludert et selskap som "
+"heter Onavo. I utgangspunktet laget Onavo en batteriovervåkingsapp. Men "
+"tillatelsene som Onavo krevde var så omfattende at appen var i stand til å "
+"samle inn finkornet telemetri på alt brukerne gjorde med telefonene sine, "
+"inkludert hvilke apper de brukte og hvordan de brukte dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2558
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Through Onavo, Facebook discovered that it was losing market share to "
"Snapchat, an app that — like Facebook a decade before — billed itself as the "
"pro-privacy alternative to the status quo. Through Onavo, Facebook was able "
"to mine data from the devices of Snapchat users, including both current and "
"former Snapchat users. This spurred Facebook to acquire Instagram — some "
-"features of which competed with Snapchat — and then allowed Facebook to "
-"fine-tune Instagram’s features and sales pitch to erode Snapchat’s gains and "
+"features of which competed with Snapchat — and then allowed Facebook to fine-"
+"tune Instagram’s features and sales pitch to erode Snapchat’s gains and "
"ensure that Facebook would not have to face the kinds of competitive "
"pressures it had earlier inflicted on Myspace and Orkut."
msgstr ""
+"Ved hjelp av Onavo oppdaget Facebook at de mistet markedsandeler til "
+"Snapchat, en app som – som Facebook et tiår tidligere – presenterte seg selv "
+"som pro-personvernalternativet til status quo. Ved hjelp av Onavo kunne "
+"Facebook hente ut data fra enhetene til Snapchat-brukere, inkludert både "
+"nåværende og tidligere Snapchat-brukere. Dette ansporet Facebook til å kjøpe "
+"Instagram - som hadde noen egenskaper som konkurrerte med Snapchat - og som "
+"deretter tillot Facebook å finjustere Instagrams funksjoner og salgspitch "
+"for å fjerne Snapchats fordeler og sikre at Facebook ikke måtte møte den "
+"typen konkurransepress det tidligere hadde påført Myspace og Orkut."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2570
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The story of how Facebook crushed Snapchat reveals the relationship between "
"monopoly and surveillance capitalism. Facebook combined surveillance with "
"lax antitrust enforcement to spot the competitive threat of Snapchat on its "
"horizon and then take decisive action against it. Facebook’s surveillance "
-"capitalism let it avert competitive pressure with anti-competitive "
-"tactics. Facebook users still want privacy — Facebook hasn’t used "
-"surveillance to brainwash them out of it — but they can’t get it because "
-"Facebook’s surveillance lets it destroy any hope of a rival service emerging "
-"that competes on privacy features."
-msgstr ""
+"capitalism let it avert competitive pressure with anti-competitive tactics. "
+"Facebook users still want privacy — Facebook hasn’t used surveillance to "
+"brainwash them out of it — but they can’t get it because Facebook’s "
+"surveillance lets it destroy any hope of a rival service emerging that "
+"competes on privacy features."
+msgstr ""
+"Historien om hvordan Facebook knuste Snapchat avslører forholdet mellom "
+"monopol og overvåkingskapitalisme. Facebook kombinerte overvåking med slapp "
+"antitrust-håndhevelse for å oppdage den kommende konkurransemessige "
+"trusselen fra Snapchat og deretter ta avgjørende tiltak mot den. Facebooks "
+"overvåkingskapitalisme lar den avverge konkurransepress med "
+"konkurransehemmende taktikker. Facebook-brukere vil fortsatt ha personvern – "
+"Facebook har ikke brukt overvåking til å hjernevaske dem ut av det – men de "
+"kan ikke få det fordi Facebooks overvåkning lar Facebook ødelegge ethvert "
+"håp om at en rivaliserende tjeneste dukker opp som konkurrerer på "
+"personvernfunksjoner."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:2582
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "A monopoly over your friends"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Et monopol over vennene dine"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2584
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"A decentralization movement has tried to erode the dominance of Facebook and "
-"other Big Tech companies by fielding “indieweb” alternatives — Mastodon as a "
-"Twitter alternative, Diaspora as a Facebook alternative, etc. — but these "
-"efforts have failed to attain any kind of liftoff."
+"other Big Tech companies by fielding <quote>indieweb</quote> alternatives — "
+"Mastodon as a Twitter alternative, Diaspora as a Facebook alternative, etc. "
+"— but these efforts have failed to attain any kind of liftoff."
msgstr ""
+"En desentraliseringsbevegelse har forsøkt å fjerne dominansen til Facebook "
+"og andre Storteknologi-selskaper ved å lage og fremme <quote>indieweb</"
+"quote>-alternativer — Mastodon som et Twitter-alternativ, Diaspora som et "
+"Facebook-alternativ, og så videre — men disse forsøkene har på ingen måte "
+"tatt av."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2591
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Fundamentally, each of these services is hamstrung by the same problem: "
"Every potential user for a Facebook or Twitter alternative has to convince "
"all their friends to follow them to a decentralized web alternative in order "
"to continue to realize the benefit of social media. For many of us, the only "
"reason to have a Facebook account is that our friends have Facebook "
-"accounts, and the reason they have Facebook accounts is that "
-"<emphasis>we</emphasis> have Facebook accounts."
+"accounts, and the reason they have Facebook accounts is that <emphasis>we</"
+"emphasis> have Facebook accounts."
msgstr ""
+"I bunn og grunn er hver av disse tjenestene hemmet av det samme problemet: "
+"Hver potensiell bruker av et Facebook- eller Twitteralternativ må overbevise "
+"alle sine venner til å følge dem til en desentralisert Internettalternativ "
+"for å fortsatt ha glede av fordelene med sosiale medier. For mange av oss er "
+"den eneste grunnen til å ha en Facebook-konto at vennene våre har Facebook-"
+"kontoer, og grunnen til at de har Facebook-kontoer er at <emphasis>vi</"
+"emphasis> har Facebook-kontoer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2601
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"All of this has conspired to make Facebook — and other dominant platforms — "
-"into “kill zones” that investors will not fund new entrants for."
+"into <quote>kill zones</quote> that investors will not fund new entrants for."
msgstr ""
+"Alt dette har konspirert til å gjøre Facebook – og andre dominerende "
+"plattformer – til <quote>drapssoner</quote> der investorer ikke vil "
+"finansiere nye deltakere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2606
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"And yet, all of today’s tech giants came into existence despite the "
"entrenched advantage of the companies that came before them. To understand "
"how that happened, you have to understand both interoperability and "
"adversarial interoperability."
msgstr ""
+"Og likevel, alle dagens teknologigiganter dukketopp til tross for den "
+"forankrede fordelen til selskapene som kom før dem. For å forstå hvordan det "
+"skjedde, må du forstå både samvirke og angripende samvirke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2613
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
msgid "The hard problem of our species is coordination."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Det vanskelige problemet for vår art er koordinering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2617
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"“Interoperability” is the ability of two technologies to work with one "
-"another: Anyone can make an LP that will play on any record player, anyone "
-"can make a filter you can install in your stove’s extractor fan, anyone can "
-"make gasoline for your car, anyone can make a USB phone charger that fits in "
-"your car’s cigarette lighter receptacle, anyone can make a light bulb that "
-"works in your light socket, anyone can make bread that will toast in your "
-"toaster."
+"<quote>Interoperability</quote> is the ability of two technologies to work "
+"with one another: Anyone can make an LP that will play on any record player, "
+"anyone can make a filter you can install in your stove’s extractor fan, "
+"anyone can make gasoline for your car, anyone can make a USB phone charger "
+"that fits in your car’s cigarette lighter receptacle, anyone can make a "
+"light bulb that works in your light socket, anyone can make bread that will "
+"toast in your toaster."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2626
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Interoperability is often a source of innovation and consumer benefit: Apple "
"made the first commercially successful PC, but millions of independent "
-"software vendors made interoperable programs that ran on the Apple II "
-"Plus. The simple analog antenna inputs on the back of TVs first allowed "
-"cable operators to connect directly to TVs, then they allowed game console "
+"software vendors made interoperable programs that ran on the Apple II Plus. "
+"The simple analog antenna inputs on the back of TVs first allowed cable "
+"operators to connect directly to TVs, then they allowed game console "
"companies and then personal computer companies to use standard televisions "
"as displays. Standard RJ-11 telephone jacks allowed for the production of "
"phones from a variety of vendors in a variety of forms, from the free "
-"football-shaped phone that came with a <emphasis>Sports "
-"Illustrated</emphasis> subscription to business phones with speakers, hold "
-"functions, and so on and then answering machines and finally modems, paving "
-"the way for the internet revolution."
+"football-shaped phone that came with a <emphasis>Sports Illustrated</"
+"emphasis> subscription to business phones with speakers, hold functions, and "
+"so on and then answering machines and finally modems, paving the way for the "
+"internet revolution."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2641
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"“Interoperability” is often used interchangeably with “standardization,” "
-"which is the process when manufacturers and other stakeholders hammer out a "
-"set of agreed-upon rules for implementing a technology, such as the "
-"electrical plug on your wall, the CAN bus used by your car’s computer "
-"systems, or the HTML instructions that your browser interprets."
+"<quote>Interoperability</quote> is often used interchangeably with "
+"<quote>standardization,</quote> which is the process when manufacturers and "
+"other stakeholders hammer out a set of agreed-upon rules for implementing a "
+"technology, such as the electrical plug on your wall, the CAN bus used by "
+"your car’s computer systems, or the HTML instructions that your browser "
+"interprets."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2649
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But interoperability doesn’t require standardization — indeed, "
"standardization often proceeds from the chaos of ad hoc interoperability "
"dashboard lighter subcomponent. The automakers didn’t take any "
"countermeasures to prevent the use of these aftermarket accessories by their "
"customers, but they also didn’t do anything to make life easier for the "
-"chargers’ manufacturers. This is a kind of “neutral interoperability.”"
+"chargers’ manufacturers. This is a kind of <quote>neutral interoperability.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2660
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"Beyond neutral interoperability, there is “adversarial interoperability.” "
-"That’s when a manufacturer makes a product that interoperates with another "
-"manufacturer’s product <emphasis>despite the second manufacturer’s "
-"objections</emphasis> and <emphasis>even if that means bypassing a security "
-"system designed to prevent interoperability</emphasis>."
+"Beyond neutral interoperability, there is <quote>adversarial "
+"interoperability.</quote> That’s when a manufacturer makes a product that "
+"interoperates with another manufacturer’s product <emphasis>despite the "
+"second manufacturer’s objections</emphasis> and <emphasis>even if that means "
+"bypassing a security system designed to prevent interoperability</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2668
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"Probably the most familiar form of adversarial interoperability is "
-"third-party printer ink. Printer manufacturers claim that they sell printers "
-"below cost and that the only way they can recoup the losses they incur is by "
+"Probably the most familiar form of adversarial interoperability is third-"
+"party printer ink. Printer manufacturers claim that they sell printers below "
+"cost and that the only way they can recoup the losses they incur is by "
"charging high markups on ink. To prevent the owners of printers from buying "
"ink elsewhere, the printer companies deploy a suite of anti-customer "
"security systems that detect and reject both refilled and third-party "
"cartridges."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2677
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Owners of printers take the position that HP and Epson and Brother are not "
"charities and that customers for their wares have no obligation to help them "
"printer companies?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2690
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Adversarial interoperability has played an outsized role in the history of "
-"the tech industry: from the founding of the “alt.*” Usenet hierarchy (which "
-"was started against the wishes of Usenet’s maintainers and which grew to be "
-"bigger than all of Usenet combined) to the browser wars (when Netscape and "
-"Microsoft devoted massive engineering efforts to making their browsers "
-"incompatible with the other’s special commands and peccadilloes) to Facebook "
-"(whose success was built in part by helping its new users stay in touch with "
-"friends they’d left behind on Myspace because Facebook supplied them with a "
-"tool that scraped waiting messages from Myspace and imported them into "
-"Facebook, effectively creating an Facebook-based Myspace reader)."
+"the tech industry: from the founding of the <quote>alt.*</quote> Usenet "
+"hierarchy (which was started against the wishes of Usenet’s maintainers and "
+"which grew to be bigger than all of Usenet combined) to the browser wars "
+"(when Netscape and Microsoft devoted massive engineering efforts to making "
+"their browsers incompatible with the other’s special commands and "
+"peccadilloes) to Facebook (whose success was built in part by helping its "
+"new users stay in touch with friends they’d left behind on Myspace because "
+"Facebook supplied them with a tool that scraped waiting messages from "
+"Myspace and imported them into Facebook, effectively creating an Facebook-"
+"based Myspace reader)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2704
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Today, incumbency is seen as an unassailable advantage. Facebook is where "
"all of your friends are, so no one can start a Facebook competitor. But "
"better treatment."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2719
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Adversarial interoperability was once the norm and a key contributor to the "
"dynamic, vibrant tech scene, but now it is stuck behind a thicket of laws "
"interference, and patent."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2729
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"In the absence of a competitive market, lawmakers have resorted to assigning "
"expensive, state-like duties to Big Tech firms, such as automatically "
"controlling access to sexual material."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2737
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"These measures put a floor under how small we can make Big Tech because only "
"the very largest companies can afford the humans and automated filters "
"needed to perform these duties."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2742
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But that’s not the only way in which making platforms responsible for "
"policing their users undermines competition. A platform that is expected to "
"guesses about whether someone is a harasser)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2754
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"To the extent that we are willing to let Big Tech police itself — rather "
"than making Big Tech small enough that users can leave bad platforms for "
"out of business will not destroy billions of users’ access to their "
"communities and data — we build the case that Big Tech should be able to "
"block its competitors and make it easier for Big Tech to demand legal "
-"enforcement tools to ban and punish attempts at adversarial "
-"interoperability."
+"enforcement tools to ban and punish attempts at adversarial interoperability."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2764
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Ultimately, we can try to fix Big Tech by making it responsible for bad acts "
"by its users, or we can try to fix the internet by cutting Big Tech down to "
"size. But we can’t do both. To replace today’s giant products with "
"pluralistic protocols, we need to clear the legal thicket that prevents "
-"adversarial interoperability so that tomorrow’s nimble, personal, "
-"small-scale products can federate themselves with giants like Facebook, "
-"allowing the users who’ve left to continue to communicate with users who "
-"haven’t left yet, reaching tendrils over Facebook’s garden wall that "
-"Facebook’s trapped users can use to scale the walls and escape to the "
-"global, open web."
+"adversarial interoperability so that tomorrow’s nimble, personal, small-"
+"scale products can federate themselves with giants like Facebook, allowing "
+"the users who’ve left to continue to communicate with users who haven’t left "
+"yet, reaching tendrils over Facebook’s garden wall that Facebook’s trapped "
+"users can use to scale the walls and escape to the global, open web."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:2776
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Fake news is an epistemological crisis"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2778
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Tech is not the only industry that has undergone massive concentration since "
"the Reagan era. Virtually every major industry — from oil to newspapers to "
"clubby oligarchy that just a few players dominate."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2785
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"At the same time, every industry has become something of a tech industry as "
"general-purpose computers and general-purpose networks and the promise of "
"firm with tech."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2791
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"This phenomenon of industrial concentration is part of a wider story about "
"wealth concentration overall as a smaller and smaller number of people own "
"interests of the people and companies with all the money."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2799
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"That means that whenever a regulator asks a question with an obvious, "
-"empirical answer (“Are humans causing climate change?” or “Should we let "
-"companies conduct commercial mass surveillance?” or “Does society benefit "
-"from allowing network neutrality violations?”), the answer that comes out is "
-"only correct if that correctness meets with the approval of rich people and "
-"the industries that made them so wealthy."
+"empirical answer (<quote>Are humans causing climate change?</quote> or "
+"<quote>Should we let companies conduct commercial mass surveillance?</quote> "
+"or <quote>Does society benefit from allowing network neutrality violations?</"
+"quote>), the answer that comes out is only correct if that correctness meets "
+"with the approval of rich people and the industries that made them so "
+"wealthy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2808
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Rich people have always played an outsized role in politics and more so "
"since the Supreme Court’s <emphasis>Citizens United</emphasis> decision "
"before. Think of the Koch brothers or George Soros or Bill Gates."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2817
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But the policy distortions of rich individuals pale in comparison to the "
"policy distortions that concentrated industries are capable of. The "
"capital surpluses to spend on lobbying."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2826
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Concentrated industries also find it easier to collaborate on policy "
"objectives than competitive ones. When all the top execs from your industry "
-"can fit around a single boardroom table, they often do. And "
-"<emphasis>when</emphasis> they do, they can forge a consensus position on "
-"regulation."
+"can fit around a single boardroom table, they often do. And <emphasis>when</"
+"emphasis> they do, they can forge a consensus position on regulation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2833
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Rising through the ranks in a concentrated industry generally means working "
"at two or three of the big companies. When there are only relatively few "
"collegial, rather than competitive, attitude."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2845
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Highly concentrated industries also present a regulatory conundrum. When an "
"industry is dominated by just four or five companies, the only people who "
"ranks once their terms have expired."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2856
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"All this is to say that the tight social bonds, small number of firms, and "
"regulatory capture of concentrated industries give the companies that "
"bind them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2862
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"This is increasingly obvious. Whether it’s payday lenders <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/02/25/how-payday-lending-industry-insider-tilted-academic-research-its-favor/\">winning "
-"the right to practice predatory lending</ulink> or Apple <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/mgxayp/source-apple-will-fight-right-to-repair-legislation\">winning "
-"the right to decide who can fix your phone</ulink> or Google and Facebook "
-"winning the right to breach your private data without suffering meaningful "
-"consequences or victories for pipeline companies or impunity for opioid "
-"manufacturers or massive tax subsidies for incredibly profitable dominant "
-"businesses, it’s increasingly apparent that many of our official, "
+"This is increasingly obvious. Whether it’s payday lenders <ulink url="
+"\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/02/25/how-payday-lending-"
+"industry-insider-tilted-academic-research-its-favor/\">winning the right to "
+"practice predatory lending</ulink> or Apple <ulink url=\"https://www.vice."
+"com/en_us/article/mgxayp/source-apple-will-fight-right-to-repair-legislation"
+"\">winning the right to decide who can fix your phone</ulink> or Google and "
+"Facebook winning the right to breach your private data without suffering "
+"meaningful consequences or victories for pipeline companies or impunity for "
+"opioid manufacturers or massive tax subsidies for incredibly profitable "
+"dominant businesses, it’s increasingly apparent that many of our official, "
"evidence-based truth-seeking processes are, in fact, auctions for sale to "
"the highest bidder."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2876
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"It’s really impossible to overstate what a terrifying prospect this is. We "
"live in an incredibly high-tech society, and none of us could acquire the "
"expertise to evaluate every technological proposition that stands between us "
"and our untimely, horrible deaths. You might devote your life to acquiring "
-"the media literacy to distinguish good scientific journals from corrupt "
-"pay-for-play lookalikes and the statistical literacy to evaluate the quality "
-"of the analysis in the journals as well as the microbiology and epidemiology "
+"the media literacy to distinguish good scientific journals from corrupt pay-"
+"for-play lookalikes and the statistical literacy to evaluate the quality of "
+"the analysis in the journals as well as the microbiology and epidemiology "
"knowledge to determine whether you can trust claims about the safety of "
"vaccines — but that would still leave you unqualified to judge whether the "
"wiring in your home will give you a lethal shock <emphasis>and</emphasis> "
"sufficient to keep you from dying after you finish your dinner."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2893
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"In a world as complex as this one, we have to defer to authorities, and we "
"keep them honest by making those authorities accountable to us and binding "
"whether the adjudication process itself is trustworthy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2902
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid "Right now, it’s obviously not."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2905
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The past 40 years of rising inequality and industry concentration, together "
"with increasingly weak accountability and transparency for expert agencies, "
"rest of us."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2913
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"For example, it’s been decades since Exxon’s own scientists concluded that "
"its products would render the Earth uninhabitable by humans. And yet those "
"they, too, are the outcome of another conspiracy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2924
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The collapse of the credibility of our systems for divining and upholding "
"truths has left us in a state of epistemological chaos. Once, most of us "
"sort the true from the false."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2933
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If you’re like me, you probably believe that vaccines are safe, but you "
"(like me) probably also can’t explain the microbiology or statistics. Few of "
"embraced by medical authorities, after all, and one is safe while the other "
"could ruin your life. You’re left with a kind of inchoate constellation of "
"rules of thumb about which experts you trust to fact-check controversial "
-"claims and then to explain how all those respectable doctors with their "
-"peer-reviewed research on opioid safety <emphasis>were</emphasis> an "
-"aberration and then how you know that the doctors writing about vaccine "
-"safety are <emphasis>not</emphasis> an aberration."
+"claims and then to explain how all those respectable doctors with their peer-"
+"reviewed research on opioid safety <emphasis>were</emphasis> an aberration "
+"and then how you know that the doctors writing about vaccine safety are "
+"<emphasis>not</emphasis> an aberration."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2950
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"I’m 100% certain that vaccinating is safe and effective, but I’m also at "
"something of a loss to explain exactly, <emphasis>precisely,</emphasis> why "
"enrich the super rich."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2958
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Fake news — conspiracy theories, racist ideologies, scientific denialism — "
"has always been with us. What’s changed today is not the mix of ideas in the "
-"public discourse but the popularity of the worst ideas in that "
-"mix. Conspiracy and denial have skyrocketed in lockstep with the growth of "
-"Big Inequality, which has also tracked the rise of Big Tech and Big Pharma "
-"and Big Wrestling and Big Car and Big Movie Theater and Big Everything Else."
+"public discourse but the popularity of the worst ideas in that mix. "
+"Conspiracy and denial have skyrocketed in lockstep with the growth of Big "
+"Inequality, which has also tracked the rise of Big Tech and Big Pharma and "
+"Big Wrestling and Big Car and Big Movie Theater and Big Everything Else."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2967
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"No one can say for certain why this has happened, but the two dominant camps "
"are idealism (the belief that the people who argue for these conspiracies "
-"have gotten better at explaining them, maybe with the help of "
-"machine-learning tools) or materialism (the ideas have become more "
-"attractive because of material conditions in the world)."
+"have gotten better at explaining them, maybe with the help of machine-"
+"learning tools) or materialism (the ideas have become more attractive "
+"because of material conditions in the world)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2975
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"I’m a materialist. I’ve been exposed to the arguments of conspiracy "
"theorists all my life, and I have not experienced any qualitative leap in "
"the quality of those arguments."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2980
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The major difference is in the world, not the arguments. In a time where "
"actual conspiracies are commonplace, conspiracy theories acquire a ring of "
"plausibility."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2985
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"We have always had disagreements about what’s true, but today, we have a "
"disagreement over how we know whether something is true. This is an "
"epistemological crisis, not a crisis over belief. It’s a crisis over the "
"credibility of our truth-seeking exercises, from scientific journals (in an "
-"era where the biggest journal publishers have been caught producing "
-"pay-to-play journals for junk science) to regulations (in an era where "
-"regulators are routinely cycling in and out of business) to education (in an "
-"era where universities are dependent on corporate donations to keep their "
-"lights on)."
+"era where the biggest journal publishers have been caught producing pay-to-"
+"play journals for junk science) to regulations (in an era where regulators "
+"are routinely cycling in and out of business) to education (in an era where "
+"universities are dependent on corporate donations to keep their lights on)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:2996
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Targeting — surveillance capitalism — makes it easier to find people who are "
-"undergoing this epistemological crisis, but it doesn’t create the "
-"crisis. For that, you need to look to corruption."
+"undergoing this epistemological crisis, but it doesn’t create the crisis. "
+"For that, you need to look to corruption."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3001
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"And, conveniently enough, it’s corruption that allows surveillance "
"capitalism to grow by dismantling monopoly protections, by permitting "
"yourself to commercial surveillance."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:3010
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Tech is different"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Teknologi er annerledes"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3012
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"I reject both iterations of technological exceptionalism. I reject the idea "
"that tech is uniquely terrible and led by people who are greedier or worse "
"for its present-day monopolistic status."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3020
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"I think tech is just another industry, albeit one that grew up in the "
"absence of real monopoly constraints. It may have been first, but it isn’t "
"the worst nor will it be the last."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3025
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But there’s one way in which I <emphasis>am</emphasis> a tech "
"exceptionalist. I believe that online tools are the key to overcoming "
"stability — but it’s a means to achieve these things."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3036
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The hard problem of our species is coordination. Everything from climate "
"change to social change to running a business to making a family work can be "
"viewed as a collective action problem."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3041
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The internet makes it easier than at any time before to find people who want "
"to work on a project with you — hence the success of free and open-source "
"coordinate the work you do."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3047
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The internet and the computers we connect to it also possess an exceptional "
"quality: general-purposeness. The internet is designed to allow any two "
"parties to communicate any data, using any protocol, without permission from "
-"anyone else. The only production design we have for computers is the "
-"general-purpose, “Turing complete” computer that can run every program we "
-"can express in symbolic logic."
+"anyone else. The only production design we have for computers is the general-"
+"purpose, <quote>Turing complete</quote> computer that can run every program "
+"we can express in symbolic logic."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3056
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"This means that every time someone with a special communications need "
"invests in infrastructure and techniques to make the internet faster, "
"beneficiary of this work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3065
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"For these reasons, every type of communication is gradually absorbed into "
"the internet, and every type of device — from airplanes to pacemakers — "
"eventually becomes a computer in a fancy case."
msgstr ""
+"På grunn av dette, vil enhver form for kommunikasjon gradvis absorberes inn "
+"i Internett, og enhver type dings — fra fly til pacemakere — på sikt bli en "
+"datamaskin i en stilig boks."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3070
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"While these considerations don’t preclude regulating networks and computers, "
"they do call for gravitas and caution when doing so because changes to "
"many, many other domains."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3076
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The upshot of this is that our best hope of solving the big coordination "
"problems — climate change, inequality, etc. — is with free, fair, and open "
"interventions to solve one problem might create problems in other domains."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:3084
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Ownership of facts"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Eierskap til fakta"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3086
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Big Tech has a funny relationship with information. When you’re generating "
"information — anything from the location data streaming off your mobile "
"claims the rights to make unlimited use of that data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3093
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But when you have the audacity to turn the tables — to use a tool that "
"blocks ads or slurps your waiting updates out of a social network and puts "
"you’re stealing from them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3100
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The thing is, information is a very bad fit for any kind of private property "
"regime. Property rights are useful for establishing markets that can lead to "
"be bought and sold."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3107
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Information rarely has such a clear title. Take phone numbers: There’s "
"clearly something going wrong when Facebook slurps up millions of users’ "
"graphs and fill in missing information about other users."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3114
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But the phone numbers Facebook nonconsensually acquires in this transaction "
-"are not the “property” of the users they’re taken from nor do they belong to "
-"the people whose phones ring when you dial those numbers. The numbers are "
-"mere integers, 10 digits in the U.S. and Canada, and they appear in "
-"millions of places, including somewhere deep in pi as well as numerous other "
-"contexts. Giving people ownership titles to integers is an obviously "
-"terrible idea."
+"are not the <quote>property</quote> of the users they’re taken from nor do "
+"they belong to the people whose phones ring when you dial those numbers. The "
+"numbers are mere integers, 10 digits in the U.S. and Canada, and they "
+"appear in millions of places, including somewhere deep in pi as well as "
+"numerous other contexts. Giving people ownership titles to integers is an "
+"obviously terrible idea."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3123
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Likewise for the facts that Facebook and other commercial surveillance "
"operators acquire about us, like that we are the children of our parents or "
"who know these facts?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3136
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If you go to a Black Lives Matter demonstration, do the other demonstrators "
"need your permission to post their photos from the event? The online fights "
-"over <ulink "
-"url=\"https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-take-photos-at-protests/\">when and "
-"how to post photos from demonstrations</ulink> reveal a nuanced, complex "
-"issue that cannot be easily hand-waved away by giving one party a property "
-"right that everyone else in the mix has to respect."
+"over <ulink url=\"https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-take-photos-at-protests/"
+"\">when and how to post photos from demonstrations</ulink> reveal a nuanced, "
+"complex issue that cannot be easily hand-waved away by giving one party a "
+"property right that everyone else in the mix has to respect."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3145
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The fact that information isn’t a good fit with property and markets doesn’t "
"mean that it’s not valuable. Babies aren’t property, but they’re inarguably "
"monster."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3154
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"It’s tempting to reach for the property hammer when Big Tech treats your "
"information like a nail — not least because Big Tech are such prolific "
"click-through agreement that you don’t have the opportunity to modify."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3165
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Meanwhile, establishing property rights over information will create "
"insurmountable barriers to independent data processing. Imagine that we "
"department and millions for licenses before they can even get started."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3180
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The same goes for things like search indexes of the web or photos of "
"peoples’ houses, which have become contentious thanks to Google’s Street "
"and more."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3194
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The ownership of facts is antithetical to many kinds of human progress. It’s "
"hard to imagine a rule that limits Big Tech’s exploitation of our collective "
"scrutiny and analysis."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:3204
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Persuasion works… slowly"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Overtalelse virker… sakte"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3206
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The platforms may oversell their ability to persuade people, but obviously, "
"persuasion works sometimes. Whether it’s the private realm that LGBTQ people "
"attitudes <emphasis>can</emphasis> change."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3215
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"The project of shifting societal attitudes is a game of inches and "
-"years. For centuries, svengalis have purported to be able to accelerate this "
+"The project of shifting societal attitudes is a game of inches and years. "
+"For centuries, svengalis have purported to be able to accelerate this "
"process, but even the most brutal forms of propaganda have struggled to make "
"permanent changes. Joseph Goebbels was able to subject Germans to daily, "
"mandatory, hourslong radio broadcasts, to round up and torture and murder "
"worldview."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3226
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Yet, after 12 years of terror, once the war ended, Nazi ideology was largely "
"discredited in both East and West Germany, and a program of national truth "
"no more permanent than Nazism itself."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3236
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Racism and authoritarianism have also always been with us. Anyone who’s "
"reviewed the kind of messages and arguments that racists put forward today "
"nationalists today."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3245
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If racists haven’t gotten more convincing in the past decade, then how is it "
"that more people were convinced to be openly racist at that time? I believe "
"that the answer lies in the material world, not the world of ideas. The "
-"ideas haven’t gotten more convincing, but people have become more "
-"afraid. Afraid that the state can’t be trusted to act as an honest broker in "
-"life-or-death decisions, from those regarding the management of the economy "
-"to the regulation of painkillers to the rules for handling private "
-"information. Afraid that the world has become a game of musical chairs in "
-"which the chairs are being taken away at a never-before-seen rate. Afraid "
-"that justice for others will come at their expense. Monopolism isn’t the "
-"cause of these fears, but the inequality and material desperation and policy "
-"malpractice that monopolism contributes to is a significant contributor to "
-"these conditions. Inequality creates the conditions for both conspiracies "
-"and violent racist ideologies, and then surveillance capitalism lets "
+"ideas haven’t gotten more convincing, but people have become more afraid. "
+"Afraid that the state can’t be trusted to act as an honest broker in life-or-"
+"death decisions, from those regarding the management of the economy to the "
+"regulation of painkillers to the rules for handling private information. "
+"Afraid that the world has become a game of musical chairs in which the "
+"chairs are being taken away at a never-before-seen rate. Afraid that justice "
+"for others will come at their expense. Monopolism isn’t the cause of these "
+"fears, but the inequality and material desperation and policy malpractice "
+"that monopolism contributes to is a significant contributor to these "
+"conditions. Inequality creates the conditions for both conspiracies and "
+"violent racist ideologies, and then surveillance capitalism lets "
"opportunists target the fearful and the conspiracy-minded."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:3264
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Paying won’t help"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Det hjelper ikke å betale"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3266
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"As the old saw goes, “If you’re not paying for the product, you’re the "
-"product.”"
+"As the old saw goes, <quote>If you’re not paying for the product, you’re the "
+"product.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3270
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"It’s a commonplace belief today that the advent of free, ad-supported media "
"was the original sin of surveillance capitalism. The reasoning is that the "
-"companies that charged for access couldn’t “compete with free” and so they "
-"were driven out of business. Their ad-supported competitors, meanwhile, "
-"declared open season on their users’ data in a bid to improve their ad "
-"targeting and make more money and then resorted to the most sensationalist "
-"tactics to generate clicks on those ads. If only we’d pay for media again, "
-"we’d have a better, more responsible, more sober discourse that would be "
-"better for democracy."
+"companies that charged for access couldn’t <quote>compete with free</quote> "
+"and so they were driven out of business. Their ad-supported competitors, "
+"meanwhile, declared open season on their users’ data in a bid to improve "
+"their ad targeting and make more money and then resorted to the most "
+"sensationalist tactics to generate clicks on those ads. If only we’d pay for "
+"media again, we’d have a better, more responsible, more sober discourse that "
+"would be better for democracy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3282
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"But the degradation of news products long precedes the advent of "
-"ad-supported online news. Long before newspapers were online, lax antitrust "
+"But the degradation of news products long precedes the advent of ad-"
+"supported online news. Long before newspapers were online, lax antitrust "
"enforcement had opened the door for unprecedented waves of consolidation and "
"roll-ups in newsrooms. Rival newspapers were merged, reporters and ad sales "
"staff were laid off, physical plants were sold and leased back, leaving the "
"unable to adapt to the internet — it was monopolism."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3295
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Then, as news companies <emphasis>did</emphasis> come online, the ad "
"revenues they commanded dropped even as the number of internet users (and "
"thus potential online readers) increased. That shift was a function of "
"consolidation in the ad sales market, with Google and Facebook emerging as "
"duopolists who made more money every year from advertising while paying less "
-"and less of it to the publishers whose work the ads appeared "
-"alongside. Monopolism created a buyer’s market for ad inventory with "
-"Facebook and Google acting as gatekeepers."
+"and less of it to the publishers whose work the ads appeared alongside. "
+"Monopolism created a buyer’s market for ad inventory with Facebook and "
+"Google acting as gatekeepers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3305
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Paid services continue to exist alongside free ones, and often it is these "
"paid services — anxious to prevent people from bypassing their paywalls or "
"their profitability, Apple has to lock its platforms so that third parties "
"can’t make compatible software without permission. These locks allow the "
"company to exercise both editorial control (enabling it to exclude <ulink "
-"url=\"https://ncac.org/news/blog/does-apples-strict-app-store-content-policy-limit-freedom-of-expression\">controversial "
-"political material</ulink>) and technological control, including control "
-"over who can repair the devices it makes. If we’re worried that ad-supported "
-"products deprive people of their right to self-determination by using "
-"persuasion techniques to nudge their purchase decisions a few degrees in one "
-"direction or the other, then the near-total control a single company holds "
-"over the decision of who gets to sell you software, parts, and service for "
-"your iPhone should have us very worried indeed."
+"url=\"https://ncac.org/news/blog/does-apples-strict-app-store-content-policy-"
+"limit-freedom-of-expression\">controversial political material</ulink>) and "
+"technological control, including control over who can repair the devices it "
+"makes. If we’re worried that ad-supported products deprive people of their "
+"right to self-determination by using persuasion techniques to nudge their "
+"purchase decisions a few degrees in one direction or the other, then the "
+"near-total control a single company holds over the decision of who gets to "
+"sell you software, parts, and service for your iPhone should have us very "
+"worried indeed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3324
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"We shouldn’t just be concerned about payment and control: The idea that "
"paying will improve discourse is also dangerously wrong. The poor success "
"rate of targeted advertising means that the platforms have to incentivize "
-"you to “engage” with posts at extremely high levels to generate enough "
-"pageviews to safeguard their profits. As discussed earlier, to increase "
-"engagement, platforms like Facebook use machine learning to guess which "
-"messages will be most inflammatory and make a point of shoving those into "
-"your eyeballs at every turn so that you will hate-click and argue with "
+"you to <quote>engage</quote> with posts at extremely high levels to generate "
+"enough pageviews to safeguard their profits. As discussed earlier, to "
+"increase engagement, platforms like Facebook use machine learning to guess "
+"which messages will be most inflammatory and make a point of shoving those "
+"into your eyeballs at every turn so that you will hate-click and argue with "
"people."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3335
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Perhaps paying would fix this, the reasoning goes. If platforms could be "
"economically viable even if you stopped clicking on them once your "
"reason to algorithmically enrage you to get more clicks out of you, right?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3342
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"There may be something to that argument, but it still ignores the wider "
"economic and political context of the platforms and the world that allowed "
"them to grow so dominant."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3347
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Platforms are world-spanning and all-encompassing because they are "
"monopolies, and they are monopolies because we have gutted our most "
"climate and technology shocks."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3358
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"In this wildly unequal world, paying doesn’t improve the discourse; it "
"simply prices discourse out of the range of the majority of people. Paying "
"for the product is dandy, if you can afford it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3363
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If you think today’s filter bubbles are a problem for our discourse, imagine "
"what they’d be like if rich people inhabited free-flowing Athenian "
"marketplaces of ideas where you have to pay for admission while everyone "
"else lives in online spaces that are subsidized by wealthy benefactors who "
-"relish the chance to establish conversational spaces where the “house rules” "
-"forbid questioning the status quo. That is, imagine if the rich seceded from "
-"Facebook, and then, instead of running ads that made money for shareholders, "
-"Facebook became a billionaire’s vanity project that also happened to ensure "
-"that nobody talked about whether it was fair that only billionaires could "
-"afford to hang out in the rarified corners of the internet."
+"relish the chance to establish conversational spaces where the <quote>house "
+"rules</quote> forbid questioning the status quo. That is, imagine if the "
+"rich seceded from Facebook, and then, instead of running ads that made money "
+"for shareholders, Facebook became a billionaire’s vanity project that also "
+"happened to ensure that nobody talked about whether it was fair that only "
+"billionaires could afford to hang out in the rarified corners of the "
+"internet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3377
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Behind the idea of paying for access is a belief that free markets will "
"address Big Tech’s dysfunction. After all, to the extent that people have a "
"view of surveillance at all, it is generally an unfavorable one, and the "
-"longer and more thoroughly one is surveilled, the less one tends to like "
-"it. Same goes for lock-in: If HP’s ink or Apple’s App Store were really "
+"longer and more thoroughly one is surveilled, the less one tends to like it. "
+"Same goes for lock-in: If HP’s ink or Apple’s App Store were really "
"obviously fantastic, they wouldn’t need technical measures to prevent users "
"from choosing a rival’s product. The only reason these technical "
"countermeasures exist is that the companies don’t believe their customers "
"to deprive them of the choice to take their business elsewhere."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3390
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Advocates for markets laud their ability to aggregate the diffused knowledge "
"of buyers and sellers across a whole society through demand signals, price "
-"signals, and so on. The argument for surveillance capitalism being a “rogue "
-"capitalism” is that machine-learning-driven persuasion techniques distort "
-"decision-making by consumers, leading to incorrect signals — consumers don’t "
-"buy what they prefer, they buy what they’re tricked into preferring. It "
-"follows that the monopolistic practices of lock-in, which do far more to "
-"constrain consumers’ free choices, are even more of a “rogue capitalism.”"
+"signals, and so on. The argument for surveillance capitalism being a "
+"<quote>rogue capitalism</quote> is that machine-learning-driven persuasion "
+"techniques distort decision-making by consumers, leading to incorrect "
+"signals — consumers don’t buy what they prefer, they buy what they’re "
+"tricked into preferring. It follows that the monopolistic practices of lock-"
+"in, which do far more to constrain consumers’ free choices, are even more of "
+"a <quote>rogue capitalism.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3402
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The profitability of any business is constrained by the possibility that its "
"customers will take their business elsewhere. Both surveillance and lock-in "
"are anti-features that no customer wants. But monopolies can capture their "
"regulators, crush their competitors, insert themselves into their customers’ "
-"lives, and corral people into “choosing” their services regardless of "
-"whether they want them — it’s fine to be terrible when there is no "
-"alternative."
+"lives, and corral people into <quote>choosing</quote> their services "
+"regardless of whether they want them — it’s fine to be terrible when there "
+"is no alternative."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3412
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Ultimately, surveillance and lock-in are both simply business strategies "
"that monopolists can choose. Surveillance companies like Google are "
"more they <emphasis>can</emphasis> get away with."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:3427
-msgid "An “ecology” moment for trustbusting"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+msgid "An <quote>ecology</quote> moment for trustbusting"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3429
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If we’re going to break Big Tech’s death grip on our digital lives, we’re "
-"going to have to fight monopolies. That may sound pretty mundane and "
-"old-fashioned, something out of the New Deal era, while ending the use of "
+"going to have to fight monopolies. That may sound pretty mundane and old-"
+"fashioned, something out of the New Deal era, while ending the use of "
"automated behavioral modification feels like the plotline of a really cool "
"cyberpunk novel."
msgstr ""
+"Hvis vi skal bryte Storteknologiens dødsgrep på våre digitale liv, så må vi "
+"bekjempe monopoler. Det høres kanskje ganske dagligdags og gammelmodig ut, "
+"noe , som noe fra New Deal-æraen, mens det å få slutt på bruken av "
+"automatisert atferdsendring oppleves som plottlinjen til en veldig stilig "
+"cyberpunk-roman."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3436
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Meanwhile, breaking up monopolies is something we seem to have forgotten how "
"to do. There is a bipartisan, trans-Atlantic consensus that breaking up "
"companies is a fool’s errand at best — liable to mire your federal "
"prosecutors in decades of litigation — and counterproductive at worst, "
-"eroding the “consumer benefits” of large companies with massive efficiencies "
-"of scale."
+"eroding the <quote>consumer benefits</quote> of large companies with massive "
+"efficiencies of scale."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3444
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But trustbusters once strode the nation, brandishing law books, terrorizing "
"robber barons, and shattering the illusion of monopolies’ all-powerful grip "
"backs when they went up against the richest, most powerful men in the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3452
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid "Could we find that political will again?"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Klarer vi finne igjen den politiske viljen?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3455
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"Copyright scholar James Boyle has described how the term “ecology” marked a "
-"turning point in environmental activism. Prior to the adoption of this term, "
-"people who wanted to preserve whale populations didn’t necessarily see "
-"themselves as fighting the same battle as people who wanted to protect the "
-"ozone layer or fight freshwater pollution or beat back smog or acid rain."
+"Copyright scholar James Boyle has described how the term <quote>ecology</"
+"quote> marked a turning point in environmental activism. Prior to the "
+"adoption of this term, people who wanted to preserve whale populations "
+"didn’t necessarily see themselves as fighting the same battle as people who "
+"wanted to protect the ozone layer or fight freshwater pollution or beat back "
+"smog or acid rain."
msgstr ""
+"Opphavsrettsforskeren James Boyle har beskrevet hvordan begrepet "
+"<quote>økologi</quote> ga et vendepunkt i miljøaktivismen. Før dette "
+"begrepet ble tatt i bruk, så ikke folk som ønsket å ta vare på hvalbestanden "
+"nødvendigvis at de kjempet samme kamp som folk som ønsket å beskytte "
+"ozonlaget, få slutt på ferskvannforurensning, få vekk smog eller sur nedbør."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3463
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"But the term “ecology” welded these disparate causes together into a single "
-"movement, and the members of this movement found solidarity with one "
-"another. The people who cared about smog signed petitions circulated by the "
-"people who wanted to end whaling, and the anti-whalers marched alongside the "
-"people demanding action on acid rain. This uniting behind a common cause "
-"completely changed the dynamics of environmentalism, setting the stage for "
-"today’s climate activism and the sense that preserving the habitability of "
-"the planet Earth is a shared duty among all people."
+"But the term <quote>ecology</quote> welded these disparate causes together "
+"into a single movement, and the members of this movement found solidarity "
+"with one another. The people who cared about smog signed petitions "
+"circulated by the people who wanted to end whaling, and the anti-whalers "
+"marched alongside the people demanding action on acid rain. This uniting "
+"behind a common cause completely changed the dynamics of environmentalism, "
+"setting the stage for today’s climate activism and the sense that preserving "
+"the habitability of the planet Earth is a shared duty among all people."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3474
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"I believe we are on the verge of a new “ecology” moment dedicated to "
-"combating monopolies. After all, tech isn’t the only concentrated industry "
-"nor is it even the <emphasis>most</emphasis> concentrated of industries."
+"I believe we are on the verge of a new <quote>ecology</quote> moment "
+"dedicated to combating monopolies. After all, tech isn’t the only "
+"concentrated industry nor is it even the <emphasis>most</emphasis> "
+"concentrated of industries."
msgstr ""
+"Jeg tror vi er på randen av en nytt <quote> økologi</quote>-hendelse for "
+"bekjemping av monopoler. Tross alt er ikke teknologi den eneste "
+"sentralstyrte industrien, og det er heller ikke engang den <emphasis>mest</"
+"emphasis> sentralstyrte bransjen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3480
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"You can find partisans for trustbusting in every sector of the "
-"economy. Everywhere you look, you can find people who’ve been wronged by "
-"monopolists who’ve trashed their finances, their health, their privacy, "
-"their educations, and the lives of people they love. Those people have the "
-"same cause as the people who want to break up Big Tech and the same "
-"enemies. When most of the world’s wealth is in the hands of a very few, it "
-"follows that nearly every large company will have overlapping shareholders."
+"You can find partisans for trustbusting in every sector of the economy. "
+"Everywhere you look, you can find people who’ve been wronged by monopolists "
+"who’ve trashed their finances, their health, their privacy, their "
+"educations, and the lives of people they love. Those people have the same "
+"cause as the people who want to break up Big Tech and the same enemies. When "
+"most of the world’s wealth is in the hands of a very few, it follows that "
+"nearly every large company will have overlapping shareholders."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3490
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"That’s the good news: With a little bit of work and a little bit of "
"coalition building, we have more than enough political will to break up Big "
"then we take AT&T/WarnerMedia."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3496
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But here’s the bad news: Much of what we’re doing to tame Big Tech "
"<emphasis>instead</emphasis> of breaking up the big companies also "
"forecloses on the possibility of breaking them up later."
msgstr ""
+"Men her er de dårlige nyhetene: Mye av det vi gjør for å temme "
+"Storteknologien <emphasis>i stedet</emphasis> for å bryte opp de store "
+"selskapene, vil gjøre det vanskeligere å bryte dem opp senere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3501
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Big Tech’s concentration currently means that their inaction on harassment, "
"for example, leaves users with an impossible choice: absent themselves from "
-"public discourse by, say, quitting Twitter or endure vile, constant "
-"abuse. Big Tech’s over-collection and over-retention of data results in "
-"horrific identity theft. And their inaction on extremist recruitment means "
-"that white supremacists who livestream their shooting rampages can reach an "
-"audience of billions. The combination of tech concentration and media "
-"concentration means that artists’ incomes are falling even as the revenue "
-"generated by their creations are increasing."
+"public discourse by, say, quitting Twitter or endure vile, constant abuse. "
+"Big Tech’s over-collection and over-retention of data results in horrific "
+"identity theft. And their inaction on extremist recruitment means that white "
+"supremacists who livestream their shooting rampages can reach an audience of "
+"billions. The combination of tech concentration and media concentration "
+"means that artists’ incomes are falling even as the revenue generated by "
+"their creations are increasing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3513
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Yet governments confronting all of these problems all inevitably converge on "
"the same solution: deputize the Big Tech giants to police their users and "
"allocate hundreds of millions to run these compliance systems."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3522
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"These rules — the EU’s new Directive on Copyright, Australia’s new terror "
"regulation, America’s FOSTA/SESTA sex-trafficking law and more — are not "
"under how small we can hope to make Big Tech."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3531
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"That’s because any move to break up Big Tech and cut it down to size will "
"have to cope with the hard limit of not making these companies so small that "
"outsource content moderation. It’s already going to be hard to unwind these "
"deeply concentrated, chimeric behemoths that have been welded together in "
"the pursuit of monopoly profits. Doing so while simultaneously finding some "
-"way to fill the regulatory void that will be left behind if these "
-"self-policing rulers were forced to suddenly abdicate will be much, much "
-"harder."
+"way to fill the regulatory void that will be left behind if these self-"
+"policing rulers were forced to suddenly abdicate will be much, much harder."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3543
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Allowing the platforms to grow to their present size has given them a "
"dominance that is nearly insurmountable — deputizing them with public duties "
"companies, which will make them bigger still."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3553
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"We can work to fix the internet by breaking up Big Tech and depriving them "
"of monopoly profits, or we can work to fix Big Tech by making them spend "
"behave themselves."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:3561
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Make Big Tech small again"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Gjør Storteknologien liten igjen"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3563
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Trustbusting is hard. Breaking big companies into smaller ones is expensive "
"and time-consuming. So time-consuming that by the time you’re done, the "
"because mainframes were being speedily replaced by PCs."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3573
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"A future U.S. president could simply direct their attorney general to "
"enforce the law as it was written."
msgstr ""
+"En fremtidig president i USA kunne ganske enkelt be sin justisminister om å "
+"håndheve loven slik den er skrevet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3578
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"It’s far easier to prevent concentration than to fix it, and reinstating the "
"traditional contours of U.S. antitrust enforcement will, at the very least, "
"companies competing directly with the companies that rely on the platforms."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3586
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"These powers are all in the plain language of U.S. antitrust laws, so in "
"theory, a future U.S. president could simply direct their attorney general "
"to enforce the law as it was written. But after decades of judicial "
-"“education” in the benefits of monopolies, after multiple administrations "
-"that have packed the federal courts with lifetime-appointed monopoly "
-"cheerleaders, it’s not clear that mere administrative action would do the "
-"trick."
+"<quote>education</quote> in the benefits of monopolies, after multiple "
+"administrations that have packed the federal courts with lifetime-appointed "
+"monopoly cheerleaders, it’s not clear that mere administrative action would "
+"do the trick."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3595
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If the courts frustrate the Justice Department and the president, the next "
"stop would be Congress, which could eliminate any doubt about how antitrust "
"law should be enforced in the U.S. by passing new laws that boil down to "
-"saying, “Knock it off. We all know what the Sherman Act says. Robert Bork "
-"was a deranged fantasist. For avoidance of doubt, <emphasis>fuck that "
-"guy</emphasis>.” In other words, the problem with monopolies is "
+"saying, <quote>Knock it off. We all know what the Sherman Act says. Robert "
+"Bork was a deranged fantasist. For avoidance of doubt, <emphasis>fuck that "
+"guy</emphasis>.</quote> In other words, the problem with monopolies is "
"<emphasis>monopolism</emphasis> — the concentration of power into too few "
"hands, which erodes our right to self-determination. If there is a monopoly, "
"the law wants it gone, period. Sure, get rid of monopolies that create "
-"“consumer harm” in the form of higher prices, but also, <emphasis>get rid of "
-"other monopolies, too.</emphasis>"
+"<quote>consumer harm</quote> in the form of higher prices, but also, "
+"<emphasis>get rid of other monopolies, too.</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3609
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But this only prevents things from getting worse. To help them get better, "
"we will have to build coalitions with other activists in the anti-monopoly "
"Luxottica from dominating both the sale and the manufacture of spectacles."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3618
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"In an important sense, it doesn’t matter which industry the breakups begin "
"in. Once they start, shareholders in <emphasis>every</emphasis> industry "
"will start to eye their investments in monopolists skeptically. As "
"trustbusters ride into town and start making lives miserable for "
-"monopolists, the debate around every corporate boardroom’s table will "
-"shift. People within corporations who’ve always felt uneasy about monopolism "
-"will gain a powerful new argument to fend off their evil rivals in the "
-"corporate hierarchy: “If we do it my way, we make less money; if we do it "
-"your way, a judge will fine us billions and expose us to ridicule and public "
+"monopolists, the debate around every corporate boardroom’s table will shift. "
+"People within corporations who’ve always felt uneasy about monopolism will "
+"gain a powerful new argument to fend off their evil rivals in the corporate "
+"hierarchy: <quote>If we do it my way, we make less money; if we do it your "
+"way, a judge will fine us billions and expose us to ridicule and public "
"disapprobation. So even though I get that it would be really cool to do that "
"merger, lock out that competitor, or buy that little company and kill it "
"before it can threaten it, we really shouldn’t — not if we don’t want to get "
"tied to the DOJ’s bumper and get dragged up and down Trustbuster Road for "
-"the next 10 years.”"
+"the next 10 years.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:3635
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "20 GOTO 10"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "20 GOTO 10"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3637
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Fixing Big Tech will require a lot of iteration. As cyber lawyer Lawrence "
-"Lessig wrote in his 1999 book, <emphasis>Code and Other Laws of "
-"Cyberspace</emphasis>, our lives are regulated by four forces: law (what’s "
-"legal), code (what’s technologically possible), norms (what’s socially "
-"acceptable), and markets (what’s profitable)."
+"Lessig wrote in his 1999 book, <emphasis>Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace</"
+"emphasis>, our lives are regulated by four forces: law (what’s legal), code "
+"(what’s technologically possible), norms (what’s socially acceptable), and "
+"markets (what’s profitable)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3644
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If you could wave a wand and get Congress to pass a law that re-fanged the "
"Sherman Act tomorrow, you could use the impending breakups to convince "
"venture capitalists to fund competitors to Facebook, Google, Twitter, and "
"Apple that would be waiting in the wings after they were cut down to size."
msgstr ""
+"Hvis du kunne svinge en tryllestav å få kongressen til å vedta en lov som "
+"vedtok Sherman-loven på nytt i morgen, så kunne du bruke den påfølgende "
+"oppsplittingen til å overbevise risikokapitalister om å finansiere "
+"konkurrentene til Facebook, Google, Twitter og Apple som ville vente i "
+"utkanten etter at disse ble gjort mindre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3651
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"But getting Congress to act will require a massive normative shift, a mass "
"movement of people who care about monopolies — and pulling them apart."
msgstr ""
+"Men å få kongressen til å gjøre noe vil kreve en massiv normativ endring, en "
+"massebevegelse av folk som bryr seg om monopoler — og hvordan bryte dem opp."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3656
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Getting people to care about monopolies will take technological "
"interventions that help them to see what a world free from Big Tech might "
-"look like. Imagine if someone could make a beloved (but unauthorized) "
-"third-party Facebook or Twitter client that dampens the anxiety-producing "
+"look like. Imagine if someone could make a beloved (but unauthorized) third-"
+"party Facebook or Twitter client that dampens the anxiety-producing "
"algorithmic drumbeat and still lets you talk to your friends without being "
-"spied upon — something that made social media more sociable and less "
-"toxic. Now imagine that it gets shut down in a brutal legal battle. It’s "
-"always easier to convince people that something must be done to save a thing "
-"they love than it is to excite them about something that doesn’t even exist "
-"yet."
+"spied upon — something that made social media more sociable and less toxic. "
+"Now imagine that it gets shut down in a brutal legal battle. It’s always "
+"easier to convince people that something must be done to save a thing they "
+"love than it is to excite them about something that doesn’t even exist yet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3668
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
-"Neither tech nor law nor code nor markets are sufficient to reform Big "
-"Tech. But a profitable competitor to Big Tech could bankroll a legislative "
-"push; legal reform can embolden a toolsmith to make a better tool; the tool "
-"can create customers for a potential business who value the benefits of the "
+"Neither tech nor law nor code nor markets are sufficient to reform Big Tech. "
+"But a profitable competitor to Big Tech could bankroll a legislative push; "
+"legal reform can embolden a toolsmith to make a better tool; the tool can "
+"create customers for a potential business who value the benefits of the "
"internet but want them delivered without Big Tech; and that business can get "
"funded and divert some of its profits to legal reform. 20 GOTO 10 (or "
"lather, rinse, repeat). Do it again, but this time, get farther! After all, "
"build on to weaken Big Tech even further."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3682
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The surveillance capitalism hypothesis — that Big Tech’s products really "
"work as well as they say they do and that’s why everything is so screwed up "
"— is way too easy on surveillance and even easier on capitalism. Companies "
"spy because they believe their own BS, and companies spy because governments "
-"let them, and companies spy because any advantage from spying is so "
-"short-lived and minor that they have to do more and more of it just to stay "
-"in place."
+"let them, and companies spy because any advantage from spying is so short-"
+"lived and minor that they have to do more and more of it just to stay in "
+"place."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3691
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"As to why things are so screwed up? Capitalism. Specifically, the monopolism "
"that creates inequality and the inequality that creates monopolism. It’s a "
"piss off the monopolists."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3702
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Surveillance doesn’t make capitalism rogue. Capitalism’s unchecked rule "
"begets surveillance. Surveillance isn’t bad because it lets people "
"those embryonic guillotine-builders before they can even get to the "
"lumberyard."
msgstr ""
+"Overvåkning får ikke kapitalismen ut av kontroll. Kapitalismens "
+"ukontrollerte styre startet før overvåkningen. Overvåkning er ikke ille "
+"fordi det lar folk manipulere oss. Den er ille fordi den knuser vår mulighet "
+"til å være oss selv — og fordi det lar de rike og mektige finne ut hvem som "
+"kan vurdere å bygge gilliotiner og hvilken dritt de kan bruke for å "
+"diskredittere disse potensielle gilliotin-byggerne før de i det hele tatt "
+"kommer seg til treverkforhandleren."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: complete-book.xml:3711
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
msgid "Up and through"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3713
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"With all the problems of Big Tech, it’s tempting to imagine solving the "
"problem by returning to a world without tech at all. Resist that temptation."
msgstr ""
+"Men alle problemene med Storteknologien, så er det fristende å forestille "
+"seg å løse problemet ved å gå tilbake til en verden helt uten teknologi. Stå "
+"imot den fristelsen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3718
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The only way out of our Big Tech problem is up and through. If our future is "
"not reliant upon high tech, it will be because civilization has fallen. Big "
"democratic, accountable control."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: complete-book.xml:3728
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
msgid ""
"I am, secretly, despite what I have said earlier, a tech exceptionalist. Not "
"in the sense of thinking that tech should be given a free pass to monopolize "
-"because it has “economies of scale” or some other nebulous feature. I’m a "
-"tech exceptionalist because I believe that getting tech right matters and "
-"that getting it wrong will be an unmitigated catastrophe — and doing it "
-"right can give us the power to work together to save our civilization, our "
-"species, and our planet."
-msgstr ""
+"because it has <quote>economies of scale</quote> or some other nebulous "
+"feature. I’m a tech exceptionalist because I believe that getting tech right "
+"matters and that getting it wrong will be an unmitigated catastrophe — and "
+"doing it right can give us the power to work together to save our "
+"civilization, our species, and our planet."
+msgstr ""
+"Jeg er også, i smug, på tross av det jeg tidligere har sagt, en "
+"teknologieksepsjonalist. Ikke på den måten at jeg tenker at teknologi bør få "
+"lov til å danne monopoler fordi det har <quote>stordriftsfordeler</quote>, "
+"eller andre tåkeforklaring. Jeg er teknologieksepsjonalist fordi jeg tror "
+"det betyr noe å gjøre det riktig med teknologi, og at å gjøre det feil vil "
+"være en ubøtelig katastrofe — og det å gjøre det riktig kan gi oss evnen til "
+"å jobbe sammen om å redde sivilisasjonen, arten og planeten vår."
projects / text-destroy-surveillance.git / blobdiff