From 45f7f5e186d8a1bcc88fe9f9794d3aa3333c83ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Petter Reinholdtsen Date: Sat, 23 Feb 2008 09:26:13 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Update to current version. --- .../200802-bootsequence.html | 130 ++++++++++++++++-- .../200802-bootsequence/insserv-enable.png | Bin 0 -> 9234 bytes .../sid-base-boot-20080220.dot | 106 ++++++++++++++ .../sid-base-seqchanges.txt | 94 +++++++++++++ .../sid-base-shutdown-20080220.dot | 23 ++++ 5 files changed, 339 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) create mode 100644 mypapers/200802-bootsequence/insserv-enable.png create mode 100644 mypapers/200802-bootsequence/sid-base-boot-20080220.dot create mode 100644 mypapers/200802-bootsequence/sid-base-seqchanges.txt create mode 100644 mypapers/200802-bootsequence/sid-base-shutdown-20080220.dot diff --git a/mypapers/200802-bootsequence/200802-bootsequence.html b/mypapers/200802-bootsequence/200802-bootsequence.html index 21e9e045bf..bdd8957556 100644 --- a/mypapers/200802-bootsequence/200802-bootsequence.html +++ b/mypapers/200802-bootsequence/200802-bootsequence.html @@ -6,6 +6,11 @@ + @@ -55,7 +60,11 @@ This talk is about how all of this can be done with Debian. - how does it work in debian - effect on the boot - insserv + - how to verify the boot sequence + - check script + - dependency graph using dotty - how to test it + - overriding included headers - speed change? - concurrency @@ -104,6 +113,9 @@ The very early boot is done before hard drive partitions is mounted.

Note that because the Linux kernel is becoming more and more event +based, the boot sequence is no longer sequencial.

SysV init in Debian - Switching runlevels

SysV init in Debian - Shutting down

This is equivalent to switching to runlevel 0 (halt) or 6 (reboot), - with a minor exception. All scripts (both start and stop) are - executed with the stop argument. +

This is roughtly equivalent to switching to runlevel 0 (halt) or 6 +(reboot).

Minor exception: all scripts (both start and stop) are executed + with the stop argument, ignoring their start and stop + setting and confusing script writers.

Only stop scripts for services started in the previous runlevel is + executed.

The ordering problem

Checking the current boot sequence

Static checking of current headers: +/usr/share/insserv/check-initd-order [-o] [-k] - report mismatch +in current ordering. + +

Graph of the dependencies: +/usr/share/insserv/check-initd-order -g - for reviewing dependencies + +

Enabling dependency based boot sequencing I

Use the insserv package in unstable and testing +
Low priority debconf question. +
Only enabled after verfiying that it is safe to enable +
Converts all start symlinks in rc0.d/ and rc6.d with stop symlinks. +
Replaces update-rc.d with wrapper calling insserv +
All of rc*.d/ is reordered +

Enabling dependency based boot sequencing II

+# aptitude install insserv
+# dpkg-reconfigure insserv
+info: Checking if it is safe to convert to dependency based boot.
+info: Backing up existing boot scripts in \
+  /var/lib/insserv/bootscripts-20080223T0742.tar.gz
+info: Reordering boot system, log to \
+  /var/lib/insserv/run-20080223T0742.log
+info: Recording new boot sequence in \
+  /var/lib/insserv/bootscripts-20080223T0742-after.list
+info: Use '/usr/sbin/update-bootsystem-insserv \
+  restore' to restore the old boot sequence.
+Adding `diversion of /usr/sbin/update-rc.d to \
+  /usr/sbin/update-rc.d.distrib by insserv'
+success: Boot system successfully converted
+# /var/lib/insserv/insserv-seq-changes \
+  /var/lib/insserv/bootscripts-20080223T0742.tar.gz
+#
+

With dependency based boot sequencing

update-rc.d refuse to Insert scripts which create a loop.

update-rc.d require scripts to be inserted in dependency order.

Incorrect dependencies give the wrong boot and shutdown order.

It is possible to enable concurrent booting, running boot scripts + in parallel (CONCURRENCY=startpar in /etc/default/rcS)

Disabling dependency based boot sequencing

Run dpkg-reconfigure insserv and disable it. + +

It is always possible to disable just after it was enabled, before +any new packages are installed.

To disable it, a backup of the old boot sequence is restored if no +changes has been done to the boot sequence since it was enabled. + +

If restoring is not possible, All postinst scripts for packages +with init.d scripts will be executed again to get them to call +update-rc.d and add the boot scripts again.

LSB headers for insserv

$remote_fs is needed by all scripts using files in /usr/. $syslog is needed only by scripts starting services logging to syslog.

What to list as dependencies II

In the common case, the start and stop dependencies are identical. - -

Prefer virtual dependencies over specific dependencies - -XXX More -

Virtual facilities

Linux Software Base version 3.2 define these virtual facilities: @@ -273,6 +349,23 @@ facility, then that daemon has been started.

All of these represent points in time during boot and shutdown. +

What to list as dependencies II

Normally, the start and stop dependencies are the same. + +

Prefer virtual dependencies over specific dependencies. + +

When using specific dependencies, use the string listed in the + provides header of the scripts you depend on. + +

Scripts started in rcS.d/ need extra care. + +

Depend on $remote_fs unless started in rcS.d/. Make sure /usr/ is +available during start and that it is stopped before sendsigs kill all +processes during shutdown.

Status of dependency based boot

Release goal for Debian Lenny.

Packages with LSB header (in Sid): 654 of 866 (76%) -
Unsolved BTS reports: XXX +
Unsolved BTS reports: 85
Packages without BTS reports: ~150
Last package projected fixed 2008-07-19 with the current rate

Need better documentation -

Need debian policy updates +

Should update Debian policy to reflect this new feature. -

Fix insserv bugs +

Two insserv bugs to fix. +

Avoid adding unwanted stop symlinks. +
Do not fail on "fake" loops. (minor) +

Tracking status

References

Thank you very much

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0000000000..695f99af8a --- /dev/null +++ b/mypapers/200802-bootsequence/sid-base-boot-20080220.dot @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +# Generating graph +digraph packages { +#rankdir=LR; +concentrate=true; +"glibc" [shape=box]; +"glibc" -> "hostname"[color=springgreen] ; +"hostname" [shape=box]; +"glibc" -> "mountkernfs"[color=springgreen] ; +"mountkernfs" [shape=box]; +"mountkernfs" -> "mountdevsubfs"[color=blue] ; +"udev" -> "mountdevsubfs"[color=springgreen] ; +"mountdevsubfs" [shape=box]; +"mountdevsubfs" -> "bootlogd"[color=blue] ; +"bootlogd" [shape=box]; +"mountdevsubfs" -> "hwclockfirst"[color=blue] ; +"hwclockfirst" [shape=box]; +"mountdevsubfs" -> "checkroot"[color=blue] ; +"hostname" -> "checkroot"[color=blue] ; +"keymap" -> "checkroot"[color=springgreen] ; +"hwclockfirst" -> "checkroot"[color=springgreen] ; +"hdparm" -> "checkroot"[color=springgreen] ; +"bootlogd" -> "checkroot"[color=springgreen] ; +"checkroot" [shape=box]; +"hwclock" -> "$time"[color=blue] ; +"$time" [shape=box]; +"mountdevsubfs" -> "hwclock"[color=blue] ; +"hwclock" [shape=box]; +"checkroot" -> "mtab"[color=blue] ; +"mtab" [shape=box]; +"checkroot" -> "ifupdown-clean"[color=blue] ; +"ifupdown-clean" [shape=box]; +"checkroot" -> "module-init-tools"[color=springgreen] ; +"module-init-tools" [shape=box]; +"checkroot" -> "checkfs"[color=blue] ; +"mtab" -> "checkfs"[color=springgreen] ; +"cryptdisks" -> "checkfs"[color=springgreen] ; +"checkfs" [shape=box]; +"mountkernfs" -> "procps"[color=blue] ; +"procps" [shape=box]; +"$local_fs" -> "$remote_fs"[color=blue] ; +"$remote_fs" [shape=box]; +"mountall" -> "$local_fs"[color=blue] ; +"$local_fs" [shape=box]; +"checkfs" -> "mountall"[color=blue] ; +"mountall" [shape=box]; +"mountall" -> "mountall-bootclean"[color=blue] ; +"mountall-bootclean" [shape=box]; +"$local_fs" -> "$remote_fs"[color=blue] ; +"$remote_fs" [shape=box]; +"mountoverflowtmp" -> "$local_fs"[color=blue] ; +"$local_fs" [shape=box]; +"mountall-bootclean" -> "mountoverflowtmp"[color=blue] ; +"mountoverflowtmp" [shape=box]; +"$network" -> "$named"[color=blue] ; +"$named" [shape=box]; +"ifupdown" -> "$network"[color=blue] ; +"$network" [shape=box]; +"ifupdown-clean" -> "ifupdown"[color=blue] ; +"ifupdown" [shape=box]; +"$network" -> "$named"[color=blue] ; +"$named" [shape=box]; +"networking" -> "$network"[color=blue] ; +"$network" [shape=box]; +"mountkernfs" -> "networking"[color=blue] ; +"ifupdown" -> "networking"[color=blue] ; +"$local_fs" -> "networking"[color=blue] ; +"networking" [shape=box]; +"mountnfs" -> "$remote_fs"[color=blue] ; +"$remote_fs" [shape=box]; +"$local_fs" -> "mountnfs"[color=blue] ; +"$network" -> "mountnfs"[color=springgreen] ; +"nfs-common" -> "mountnfs"[color=springgreen] ; +"udev-mtab" -> "mountnfs"[color=springgreen] ; +"mountnfs" [shape=box]; +"mountnfs-bootclean" -> "$remote_fs"[color=blue] ; +"$remote_fs" [shape=box]; +"mountnfs" -> "mountnfs-bootclean"[color=blue] ; +"mountnfs-bootclean" [shape=box]; +"$remote_fs" -> "bootmisc"[color=blue] ; +"bootmisc" [shape=box]; +"$local_fs" -> "urandom"[color=blue] ; +"urandom" [shape=box]; +"$remote_fs" -> "stop-bootlogd-single"[color=blue] ; +"$all" -> "stop-bootlogd-single"[color=blue] ; +"stop-bootlogd-single" [shape=box]; +"sysklogd" -> "$syslog"[color=blue] ; +"$syslog" [shape=box]; +"$local_fs" -> "sysklogd"[color=blue] ; +"$time" -> "sysklogd"[color=blue] ; +"$network" -> "sysklogd"[color=springgreen] ; +"sysklogd" [shape=box]; +"sysklogd" -> "klogd"[color=blue] ; +"klogd" [shape=box]; +"$remote_fs" -> "cron"[color=blue] ; +"$syslog" -> "cron"[color=blue] ; +"$time" -> "cron"[color=blue] ; +"cron" [shape=box]; +"$remote_fs" -> "rc.local"[color=blue] ; +"rc.local" [shape=box]; +"$remote_fs" -> "rmnologin"[color=blue] ; +"$all" -> "rmnologin"[color=blue] ; +"rmnologin" [shape=box]; +"$remote_fs" -> "stop-bootlogd"[color=blue] ; +"rmnologin" -> "stop-bootlogd"[color=blue] ; +"stop-bootlogd" [shape=box]; +} diff --git a/mypapers/200802-bootsequence/sid-base-seqchanges.txt b/mypapers/200802-bootsequence/sid-base-seqchanges.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cb2961f9f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mypapers/200802-bootsequence/sid-base-seqchanges.txt @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +Runlevel S +glibc.sh 1 1 0 +hostname.sh 2 2 0 +mountkernfs.sh 3 3 0 +mountdevsubfs.sh 4 4 0 +procps 5 13 -8 +bootlogd 6 5 1 +hwclockfirst.sh 7 6 1 +checkroot.sh 8 7 1 +ifupdown-clean 9 10 -1 +module-init-tools 10 11 -1 +mtab.sh 11 9 2 +checkfs.sh 12 12 0 +mountall.sh 13 14 -1 +mountall-bootclean.sh 14 15 -1 +mountoverflowtmp 15 16 -1 +hwclock.sh 16 8 8 +ifupdown 17 17 0 +urandom 18 22 -4 +networking 19 18 1 +mountnfs.sh 20 19 1 +mountnfs-bootclean.sh 21 20 1 +bootmisc.sh 22 21 1 +stop-bootlogd-single 23 23 0 + +Runlevel 0 +klogd 1 3 -2 +sendsigs 2 5 -3 +sysklogd 3 4 -1 +umountnfs.sh 4 7 -3 +networking 5 8 -3 +hwclock.sh 6 1 5 +ifupdown 7 9 -2 +urandom 8 6 2 +mountoverflowtmp 9 2 7 +hwclockfirst.sh 10 --- +umountfs 11 10 1 +umountroot 12 11 1 +halt 13 12 1 + +Runlevel 1 +K_cron 1 1 0 +K_klogd 2 2 0 +K_sysklogd 3 3 0 +S_killprocs 4 4 0 +S_single 5 5 0 + +Runlevel 2 +S_sysklogd 1 1 0 +S_klogd 2 2 0 +S_cron 3 3 0 +S_rc.local 4 4 0 +S_stop-bootlogd 5 6 -1 +S_rmnologin 6 5 1 + +Runlevel 3 +S_sysklogd 1 1 0 +S_klogd 2 2 0 +S_cron 3 3 0 +S_rc.local 4 4 0 +S_stop-bootlogd 5 6 -1 +S_rmnologin 6 5 1 + +Runlevel 4 +S_sysklogd 1 1 0 +S_klogd 2 2 0 +S_cron 3 3 0 +S_rc.local 4 4 0 +S_stop-bootlogd 5 6 -1 +S_rmnologin 6 5 1 + +Runlevel 5 +S_sysklogd 1 1 0 +S_klogd 2 2 0 +S_cron 3 3 0 +S_rc.local 4 4 0 +S_stop-bootlogd 5 6 -1 +S_rmnologin 6 5 1 + +Runlevel 6 +klogd 1 3 -2 +sendsigs 2 5 -3 +sysklogd 3 4 -1 +umountnfs.sh 4 7 -3 +networking 5 8 -3 +hwclock.sh 6 1 5 +ifupdown 7 9 -2 +urandom 8 6 2 +mountoverflowtmp 9 2 7 +hwclockfirst.sh 10 --- +umountfs 11 10 1 +umountroot 12 11 1 +reboot 13 12 1 + diff --git a/mypapers/200802-bootsequence/sid-base-shutdown-20080220.dot b/mypapers/200802-bootsequence/sid-base-shutdown-20080220.dot new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2233eaa7b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/mypapers/200802-bootsequence/sid-base-shutdown-20080220.dot @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Generating graph +digraph packages { +rankdir=LR; +concentrate=true; +"hwclock" -> "$time"[color=blue] ; +"$time" [shape=box]; +"$local_fs" -> "hwclock"[color=blue] ; +"hwclock" [shape=box]; +"$local_fs" -> "$remote_fs"[color=blue] ; +"$remote_fs" [shape=box]; +"mountoverflowtmp" -> "$local_fs"[color=blue] ; +"$local_fs" [shape=box]; +"umountfs" -> "mountoverflowtmp"[color=blue] ; +"mountoverflowtmp" [shape=box]; +"sysklogd" -> "klogd"[color=blue] ; +"klogd" [shape=box]; +"sysklogd" -> "$syslog"[color=blue] ; +"$syslog" [shape=box]; +"$network" -> "sysklogd"[color=springgreen] ; +"$local_fs" -> "sysklogd"[color=blue] ; +"$time" -> "sysklogd"[color=blue] ; +"sysklogd" [shape=box]; +} -- 2.47.2