From: Petter Reinholdtsen Date: Thu, 1 Jul 2010 09:40:45 +0000 (+0000) Subject: Generated. X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/homepage.git/commitdiff_plain/c8af9e9a5a4cc08eaaccc5e2585785f844362cb6?hp=f4619f3483c715788ca3f0a0ac60ce466835b66a Generated. --- diff --git a/blog/3D_printing_brer_om_seg___fabrikkene_best__r.html b/blog/3D_printing_brer_om_seg___fabrikkene_best__r.html index 28207dbaa1..5c797542de 100644 --- a/blog/3D_printing_brer_om_seg___fabrikkene_best__r.html +++ b/blog/3D_printing_brer_om_seg___fabrikkene_best__r.html @@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ massemarkedet.

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    • @@ -161,7 +163,7 @@ massemarkedet.

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    • diff --git a/blog/A_manual_for_standards_wars___.html b/blog/A_manual_for_standards_wars___.html index e93a29fa2b..df4849cd34 100644 --- a/blog/A_manual_for_standards_wars___.html +++ b/blog/A_manual_for_standards_wars___.html @@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ following the standards wars of today.

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    • @@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ following the standards wars of today.

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    • diff --git a/blog/After_6_years_of_waiting__the_Xreset_d_feature_is_implemented.html b/blog/After_6_years_of_waiting__the_Xreset_d_feature_is_implemented.html index 84e3fa48b3..b915b9409f 100644 --- a/blog/After_6_years_of_waiting__the_Xreset_d_feature_is_implemented.html +++ b/blog/After_6_years_of_waiting__the_Xreset_d_feature_is_implemented.html @@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ similar to how they use the Xsession.d framework today.

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    • @@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ similar to how they use the Xsession.d framework today.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Amigafolket_holder_ut.html b/blog/Amigafolket_holder_ut.html index b913b6702f..c2a4cf30ab 100644 --- a/blog/Amigafolket_holder_ut.html +++ b/blog/Amigafolket_holder_ut.html @@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vært interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

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    • @@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vært interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

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    • diff --git a/blog/Automatic_Munin_and_Nagios_configuration.html b/blog/Automatic_Munin_and_Nagios_configuration.html index 14a573af3e..bef2336cea 100644 --- a/blog/Automatic_Munin_and_Nagios_configuration.html +++ b/blog/Automatic_Munin_and_Nagios_configuration.html @@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ everything is taken care of.

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    • @@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ everything is taken care of.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Automatic_upgrade_testing_from_Lenny_to_Squeeze.html b/blog/Automatic_upgrade_testing_from_Lenny_to_Squeeze.html index 5aed77f9c8..bfe18a3502 100644 --- a/blog/Automatic_upgrade_testing_from_Lenny_to_Squeeze.html +++ b/blog/Automatic_upgrade_testing_from_Lenny_to_Squeeze.html @@ -170,6 +170,8 @@ packages.

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    • @@ -247,7 +249,7 @@ packages.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Avisene_i_endring.html b/blog/Avisene_i_endring.html index 5a1ec5d4d2..6a181028d1 100644 --- a/blog/Avisene_i_endring.html +++ b/blog/Avisene_i_endring.html @@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ eksisterer. Det blir spennende Ã¥ se hva vi ender opp med.

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  • 2009 @@ -114,9 +116,9 @@ eksisterer. Det blir spennende Ã¥ se hva vi ender opp med.

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    • @@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ eksisterer. Det blir spennende Ã¥ se hva vi ender opp med.

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    • diff --git a/blog/BSAs_p__stander_om_piratkopiering_m__ter_motstand.html b/blog/BSAs_p__stander_om_piratkopiering_m__ter_motstand.html index 682b58bc57..4d5c5307ea 100644 --- a/blog/BSAs_p__stander_om_piratkopiering_m__ter_motstand.html +++ b/blog/BSAs_p__stander_om_piratkopiering_m__ter_motstand.html @@ -78,6 +78,8 @@ pÃ¥ Slashdot.

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    • @@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ pÃ¥ Slashdot.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Caching_password__user_and_group_on_a_roaming_Debian_laptop.html b/blog/Caching_password__user_and_group_on_a_roaming_Debian_laptop.html index 7f4230a981..00a246bfc1 100644 --- a/blog/Caching_password__user_and_group_on_a_roaming_Debian_laptop.html +++ b/blog/Caching_password__user_and_group_on_a_roaming_Debian_laptop.html @@ -18,39 +18,35 @@
    Caching password, user and group on a roaming Debian laptop
    -
    2010-05-30 13:00
    +
    2010-07-01 11:40

    For a laptop, centralized user directories and password checking is a bit troubling. Laptops are typically used also when not connected to the network, and it is vital for a user to be able to log in or -unlock the screen saver lock also when the central servers are -unavailable. This is possible by caching passwords and directory -information locally, and the packages to do so are available in -Debian. Here follow two recipes to set this up in Debian/Squeeze. It -is also possible to set up in Debian/Lenny, but require more manual +unlock the screen saver also when a central server is unavailable. +This is possible by caching passwords and directory information (user +and group attributes) locally, and the packages to do so are available +in Debian. Here follow two recipes to set this up in Debian/Squeeze. +It is also possible to set up in Debian/Lenny, but require more manual setup there because pam-auth-update is missing in Lenny.

    -

    If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu, -please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

    -

    LDAP/Kerberos + nscd + libpam-ccreds + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir

    This is the traditional method with a twist. The password caching is -provided by libpam-ccreds (version 10-4 or later, currently only in -experimental), and the directory caching is done by nscd. The -directory lookup and password checking is done using LDAP. If one -want to use Kerberos for password checking the libpam-ldapd package -can be replaced with for example libpam-krb5. If one is happy having -a local home directory with the path listed in LDAP, one can use -pam_mkhomedir to make this happen. A setup for pam-auth-update will -have to be written until a fix for +provided by libpam-ccreds (version 10-4 or later is needed on +Squeeze), and the directory caching is done by nscd. The directory +lookup and password checking is done using LDAP. If one want to use +Kerberos for password checking the libpam-ldapd package can be +replaced with libpam-krb5 or libpam-heimdal. If one is happy having a +local home directory with the path listed in LDAP, one can use the +pam_mkhomedir module from pam-modules to make this happen instead of +using libpam-mklocaluser. A setup for pam-auth-update to enable +pam_mkhomedir will have to be written until a fix for bug #568577 is in the - archive. Because I believe it is a bad idea to have local home directories using misleading paths like /site/server/partition/, I -prefer to create a local user with the home directory in /home/ -instead. This is done using the libpam-mklocaluser package entering -Squeeze in the next few days.

    +prefer to create a local user with the home directory in /home/. This +is done using the libpam-mklocaluser package.

    These packages need to be installed and configured

    @@ -58,14 +54,23 @@ Squeeze in the next few days.

    libnss-ldapd libpam-ldapd nscd libpam-ccreds libpam-mklocaluser -Because nscd do not have a default configuration fit for offline +

    The ldapd packages will ask for LDAP connection information, and +one have to fill in the values that fits ones own site. Make sure the +PAM part uses encrypted connections, to make sure the password is not +sent in clear text to the LDAP server. I've been unable to get TLS +certificate checking for a self signed certificate working, which make +LDAP authentication unsafe for Debian Edu (nslcd is not checking if it +is talking to the correct LDAP server), and very much welcome feedback +on how to get this working.

    + +

    Because nscd do not have a default configuration fit for offline caching until bug #485282 is fixed, this configuration should be used instead of the one currently in /etc/nscd.conf. The changes are in the fields reload-count and positive-time-to-live, and is based on the instructions I found in the LDAP for Mobile Laptops -instructions by Flyn Computing. +instructions by Flyn Computing.

     	debug-level		0
@@ -111,10 +116,12 @@ instructions by Flyn Computing.
 	max-db-size		services	33554432
    -

    While we wait for the mechanism to update /etc/nsswitch.conf -automatically provided in bug -#496915, it need to be replaced manually to ensure LDAP is used as -the directory. /etc/nsswitch.conf should look like this:

    +

    While we wait for a mechanism to update /etc/nsswitch.conf +automatically like the one provided in +bug #496915, the file +content need to be manually replaced to ensure LDAP is used as the +directory service on the machine. /etc/nsswitch.conf should normally +look like this:

     passwd:         files ldap
@@ -129,15 +136,48 @@ rpc:            files
 netgroup:       files ldap
    -

    LDAP/Kerberos + sssd + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir

    - -

    These packages need to be installed and configured

    +

    The important parts are that ldap is listed last for passwd, group, +shadow and netgroup.

    + +

    With these changes in place, any user in LDAP will be able to log +in locally on the machine using for example kdm, get a local home +directory created and have the password as well as user and group +attributes cached. + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + nss-updatedb + libpam-ccreds + + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir

    + +

    Because nscd have had its share of problems, and seem to have +problems doing proper caching, I've seen suggestions and recipes to +use nss-updatedb to copy parts of the LDAP database locally when the +LDAP database is available. I have not tested such setup, because I +discovered sssd.

    + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + sssd + libpam-mklocaluser

    + +

    A more flexible and robust setup than the nscd combination +mentioned earlier that has shown up recently, is the +sssd package from Redhat. +It is part of the FreeIPA project +to provide a Active Directory like directory service for Linux +machines. The sssd system combines the caching of passwords and user +information into one package, and remove the need for nscd and +libpam-ccreds. It support LDAP and Kerberos, but not NIS. Version +1.2 do not support netgroups, but it is said that it will support this +in version 1.5 expected to show up later in 2010. Because the +sssd package +was missing in Debian, I ended up co-maintaining it with Werner, and +version 1.2 is now in testing. + +

    These packages need to be installed and configured to get the +roaming setup I want

     libpam-sss libnss-sss libpam-mklocaluser
    -/etc/sssd/sssd.conf +The complete setup of sssd is done by editing/creating +/etc/sssd/sssd.conf. 
     [sssd]
@@ -145,7 +185,7 @@ config_file_version = 2
 reconnection_retries = 3
 sbus_timeout = 30
 services = nss, pam
-domains = UIO.NO
+domains = INTERN
 
 [nss]
 filter_groups = root
@@ -155,8 +195,7 @@ reconnection_retries = 3
 [pam]
 reconnection_retries = 3
 
-[domain/UIO.NO]
-; Using enumerate = true leads to high load and slow response
+[domain/INTERN]
 enumerate = false
 cache_credentials = true
 
@@ -164,18 +203,21 @@ id_provider = ldap
 auth_provider = ldap
 chpass_provider = ldap
 
-ldap_uri = ldap://ldap.uio.no
-ldap_search_base = cn=system,dc=uio,dc=no
+ldap_uri = ldap://ldap
+ldap_search_base = dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
 ldap_tls_reqcert = never
 ldap_tls_cacert = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
-
-# min_id also filter both uid and gid entries, and usit=300, so we
-# need to lower the default from 1000.
-min_id = 200
    -
    -
    +

    I got the same problem here with certificate checking. Had to set +"ldap_tls_reqcert = never" to get it working.

    + +

    With the libnss-sss package in testing at the moment, the +nsswitch.conf file is update automatically, so there is no need to +modify it manually.

    + +

    If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu, +please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

    Tags: debian edu, english, nuug.
    @@ -203,7 +245,11 @@ min_id = 200
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    • diff --git a/blog/Calling_tasksel_like_the_installer__while_still_getting_useful_output.html b/blog/Calling_tasksel_like_the_installer__while_still_getting_useful_output.html index 140c15b852..afa7329ef6 100644 --- a/blog/Calling_tasksel_like_the_installer__while_still_getting_useful_output.html +++ b/blog/Calling_tasksel_like_the_installer__while_still_getting_useful_output.html @@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ like this.

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    • @@ -169,7 +171,7 @@ like this.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Checking_server_hardware_support_status_for_Dell__HP_and_IBM_servers.html b/blog/Checking_server_hardware_support_status_for_Dell__HP_and_IBM_servers.html index ced03aec17..ef79ed9a88 100644 --- a/blog/Checking_server_hardware_support_status_for_Dell__HP_and_IBM_servers.html +++ b/blog/Checking_server_hardware_support_status_for_Dell__HP_and_IBM_servers.html @@ -211,6 +211,8 @@ do so.

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    • @@ -288,7 +290,7 @@ do so.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Danmark_g__r_for_ODF_.html b/blog/Danmark_g__r_for_ODF_.html index 716855fadf..ce33ef4683 100644 --- a/blog/Danmark_g__r_for_ODF_.html +++ b/blog/Danmark_g__r_for_ODF_.html @@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ platforme.

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    • @@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ platforme.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Lenny_released__work_continues.html b/blog/Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Lenny_released__work_continues.html index 98349184ee..222de95fc8 100644 --- a/blog/Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Lenny_released__work_continues.html +++ b/blog/Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Lenny_released__work_continues.html @@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ and have just a few weeks or months to make it happen.

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    • @@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ and have just a few weeks or months to make it happen.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Debian_boots_quicker_and_quicker.html b/blog/Debian_boots_quicker_and_quicker.html index c728b257de..d4b0e28581 100644 --- a/blog/Debian_boots_quicker_and_quicker.html +++ b/blog/Debian_boots_quicker_and_quicker.html @@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ insserv'. Will need to test if that work. :)

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    • @@ -174,7 +176,7 @@ insserv'. Will need to test if that work. :)

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    • diff --git a/blog/Debian_has_switched_to_dependency_based_boot_sequencing.html b/blog/Debian_has_switched_to_dependency_based_boot_sequencing.html index 16f7f5117c..37276a4841 100644 --- a/blog/Debian_has_switched_to_dependency_based_boot_sequencing.html +++ b/blog/Debian_has_switched_to_dependency_based_boot_sequencing.html @@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ non-predictable kernel in the early boot.

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    • @@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ non-predictable kernel in the early boot.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Det_vanskelige_Lisensvalget___ikke_lag_din_egen.html b/blog/Det_vanskelige_Lisensvalget___ikke_lag_din_egen.html index 8e835557ec..bf0c65341c 100644 --- a/blog/Det_vanskelige_Lisensvalget___ikke_lag_din_egen.html +++ b/blog/Det_vanskelige_Lisensvalget___ikke_lag_din_egen.html @@ -147,6 +147,8 @@ og endrer pÃ¥ betingelsene.

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    • @@ -224,7 +226,7 @@ og endrer pÃ¥ betingelsene.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Devcamp_brought_us_closer_to_the_Lenny_based_Debian_Edu_release.html b/blog/Devcamp_brought_us_closer_to_the_Lenny_based_Debian_Edu_release.html index c40c15ba36..8079349dd2 100644 --- a/blog/Devcamp_brought_us_closer_to_the_Lenny_based_Debian_Edu_release.html +++ b/blog/Devcamp_brought_us_closer_to_the_Lenny_based_Debian_Edu_release.html @@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ of these cards.

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    • @@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ of these cards.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Digitale_b__ker_uten_digitale_restriksjonsmekanismer__DRM__b__r_f___mva_fritak.html b/blog/Digitale_b__ker_uten_digitale_restriksjonsmekanismer__DRM__b__r_f___mva_fritak.html index dc04bf2323..bfdac166e6 100644 --- a/blog/Digitale_b__ker_uten_digitale_restriksjonsmekanismer__DRM__b__r_f___mva_fritak.html +++ b/blog/Digitale_b__ker_uten_digitale_restriksjonsmekanismer__DRM__b__r_f___mva_fritak.html @@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ der for Ã¥ se hva de har.
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    • @@ -159,7 +161,7 @@ der for Ã¥ se hva de har.
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    • diff --git a/blog/EU_parlamentet_raner_fellesskapet_for_musikk.html b/blog/EU_parlamentet_raner_fellesskapet_for_musikk.html index 1911637edd..c01858f365 100644 --- a/blog/EU_parlamentet_raner_fellesskapet_for_musikk.html +++ b/blog/EU_parlamentet_raner_fellesskapet_for_musikk.html @@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ uten musikk med bruksbegresninger.

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    • @@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ uten musikk med bruksbegresninger.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Elektronikkbyggesettet_for_reprapen_sporet_opp.html b/blog/Elektronikkbyggesettet_for_reprapen_sporet_opp.html index 130fd90d79..aff0f2f1d5 100644 --- a/blog/Elektronikkbyggesettet_for_reprapen_sporet_opp.html +++ b/blog/Elektronikkbyggesettet_for_reprapen_sporet_opp.html @@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ jul.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Elektronikkbyggesettet_kommer_fram_p___andre_fors__k.html b/blog/Elektronikkbyggesettet_kommer_fram_p___andre_fors__k.html index 655f97e2f3..2de2b0b5e1 100644 --- a/blog/Elektronikkbyggesettet_kommer_fram_p___andre_fors__k.html +++ b/blog/Elektronikkbyggesettet_kommer_fram_p___andre_fors__k.html @@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ pÃ¥stÃ¥r det skulle skje i 2008.

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    • @@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ pÃ¥stÃ¥r det skulle skje i 2008.

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    • diff --git a/blog/En_skam_at_det_ikke_finnes_ordrett_referat_fra_norske_domstoler.html b/blog/En_skam_at_det_ikke_finnes_ordrett_referat_fra_norske_domstoler.html index eac522378e..632f8b4573 100644 --- a/blog/En_skam_at_det_ikke_finnes_ordrett_referat_fra_norske_domstoler.html +++ b/blog/En_skam_at_det_ikke_finnes_ordrett_referat_fra_norske_domstoler.html @@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ publisert offentlig pÃ¥ web.

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  • 2009 @@ -132,9 +134,9 @@ publisert offentlig pÃ¥ web.

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    • @@ -152,7 +154,7 @@ publisert offentlig pÃ¥ web.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Endelig_er_Debian_Lenny_gitt_ut.html b/blog/Endelig_er_Debian_Lenny_gitt_ut.html index ba08101df5..95b8938fe6 100644 --- a/blog/Endelig_er_Debian_Lenny_gitt_ut.html +++ b/blog/Endelig_er_Debian_Lenny_gitt_ut.html @@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ bootsekvens tilgjengelig i stabil utgave, vha pakken
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    • diff --git a/blog/Endelig_norsk_stavekontroll_med_st__tte_for_ord_med_bindestrek.html b/blog/Endelig_norsk_stavekontroll_med_st__tte_for_ord_med_bindestrek.html index 2646e77641..20b27538cb 100644 --- a/blog/Endelig_norsk_stavekontroll_med_st__tte_for_ord_med_bindestrek.html +++ b/blog/Endelig_norsk_stavekontroll_med_st__tte_for_ord_med_bindestrek.html @@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ stavekontrollen.

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    • @@ -151,7 +153,7 @@ stavekontrollen.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Endelig_operativt_webbasert_medlemsregister_for_Fri_programvare_i_skolen.html b/blog/Endelig_operativt_webbasert_medlemsregister_for_Fri_programvare_i_skolen.html index 11dddbc371..c71913aee4 100644 --- a/blog/Endelig_operativt_webbasert_medlemsregister_for_Fri_programvare_i_skolen.html +++ b/blog/Endelig_operativt_webbasert_medlemsregister_for_Fri_programvare_i_skolen.html @@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ GNU.
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    • diff --git a/blog/FAD_lanserer_reiseregningsskjema_som_fri_programvare.html b/blog/FAD_lanserer_reiseregningsskjema_som_fri_programvare.html index bf7220bab3..ebb4e6286e 100644 --- a/blog/FAD_lanserer_reiseregningsskjema_som_fri_programvare.html +++ b/blog/FAD_lanserer_reiseregningsskjema_som_fri_programvare.html @@ -128,6 +128,8 @@ gjorde det litt vanskeligere for brukeren.

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  • 2009 @@ -185,9 +187,9 @@ gjorde det litt vanskeligere for brukeren.

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    • @@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ gjorde det litt vanskeligere for brukeren.

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    • diff --git a/blog/F__rste_NUUG_fordrag_sendt_p___TV.html b/blog/F__rste_NUUG_fordrag_sendt_p___TV.html index 5c1f241dcc..fd12361792 100644 --- a/blog/F__rste_NUUG_fordrag_sendt_p___TV.html +++ b/blog/F__rste_NUUG_fordrag_sendt_p___TV.html @@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ meg, Tollef og alle andre de som deltok pÃ¥ møtet pÃ¥ TV.

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    • diff --git a/blog/F__rste_reprap_integreringsfors__k___Z_aksen_beveger_seg.html b/blog/F__rste_reprap_integreringsfors__k___Z_aksen_beveger_seg.html index ecf76bcd27..69ae38bf29 100644 --- a/blog/F__rste_reprap_integreringsfors__k___Z_aksen_beveger_seg.html +++ b/blog/F__rste_reprap_integreringsfors__k___Z_aksen_beveger_seg.html @@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ limet egentlig heter, sÃ¥ det er vanskelig Ã¥ søke pÃ¥ nett.

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    • diff --git a/blog/F__rste_vellykkede_videostr__m_fra_NUUG.html b/blog/F__rste_vellykkede_videostr__m_fra_NUUG.html index c3697d5e71..b327133cbf 100644 --- a/blog/F__rste_vellykkede_videostr__m_fra_NUUG.html +++ b/blog/F__rste_vellykkede_videostr__m_fra_NUUG.html @@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ webserver og komprimert.

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  • 2009 @@ -118,9 +120,9 @@ webserver og komprimert.

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    • @@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ webserver og komprimert.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Fiksgatami_begynner____ta_form.html b/blog/Fiksgatami_begynner____ta_form.html index e4e8941182..17a1287d7b 100644 --- a/blog/Fiksgatami_begynner____ta_form.html +++ b/blog/Fiksgatami_begynner____ta_form.html @@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ med dem. Dette blir bra.

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    • @@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ med dem. Dette blir bra.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Fildeling_er_lovlig___ulovlig_fildeling_er_ulovlig.html b/blog/Fildeling_er_lovlig___ulovlig_fildeling_er_ulovlig.html index 1e53d7850b..7af622334a 100644 --- a/blog/Fildeling_er_lovlig___ulovlig_fildeling_er_ulovlig.html +++ b/blog/Fildeling_er_lovlig___ulovlig_fildeling_er_ulovlig.html @@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ og fildeling av slike filer er fullt ut lovlig.

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    • @@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ og fildeling av slike filer er fullt ut lovlig.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Forcing_new_users_to_change_their_password_on_first_login.html b/blog/Forcing_new_users_to_change_their_password_on_first_login.html index a88b57363e..0f04237655 100644 --- a/blog/Forcing_new_users_to_change_their_password_on_first_login.html +++ b/blog/Forcing_new_users_to_change_their_password_on_first_login.html @@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ change.

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    • @@ -198,7 +200,7 @@ change.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Fransk_idiotlovforslag_hinker_gjennom_parlamentet.html b/blog/Fransk_idiotlovforslag_hinker_gjennom_parlamentet.html index 4124296ac8..5da701fb46 100644 --- a/blog/Fransk_idiotlovforslag_hinker_gjennom_parlamentet.html +++ b/blog/Fransk_idiotlovforslag_hinker_gjennom_parlamentet.html @@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ rettet mot seg.

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    • @@ -143,7 +145,7 @@ rettet mot seg.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Fri_og___pen_standard__slik_Digistan_ser_det.html b/blog/Fri_og___pen_standard__slik_Digistan_ser_det.html index d70c55e997..d9e8fdf329 100644 --- a/blog/Fri_og___pen_standard__slik_Digistan_ser_det.html +++ b/blog/Fri_og___pen_standard__slik_Digistan_ser_det.html @@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ produkter basert pÃ¥ standarden.

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    • @@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ produkter basert pÃ¥ standarden.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Frikanalen_og_jul_i_studentr__det.html b/blog/Frikanalen_og_jul_i_studentr__det.html index 8322f78dcc..f73f5f7c0a 100644 --- a/blog/Frikanalen_og_jul_i_studentr__det.html +++ b/blog/Frikanalen_og_jul_i_studentr__det.html @@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ NUUG lykkes med Ã¥ fÃ¥ ut sine opptak med like stor suksess.

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    • @@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ NUUG lykkes med Ã¥ fÃ¥ ut sine opptak med like stor suksess.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Great_book___Content__Selected_Essays_on_Technology__Creativity__Copyright__and_the_Future_of_the_Future_.html b/blog/Great_book___Content__Selected_Essays_on_Technology__Creativity__Copyright__and_the_Future_of_the_Future_.html index f05c5a922a..b313ba40d4 100644 --- a/blog/Great_book___Content__Selected_Essays_on_Technology__Creativity__Copyright__and_the_Future_of_the_Future_.html +++ b/blog/Great_book___Content__Selected_Essays_on_Technology__Creativity__Copyright__and_the_Future_of_the_Future_.html @@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ strongly recommend this book.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Hva_er_egentlig_en___pen_standard_.html b/blog/Hva_er_egentlig_en___pen_standard_.html index 361cdcf307..85f6c1d027 100644 --- a/blog/Hva_er_egentlig_en___pen_standard_.html +++ b/blog/Hva_er_egentlig_en___pen_standard_.html @@ -149,6 +149,8 @@ av en standard for at en standard skal kunne kalles fri og Ã¥pen.

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    • @@ -226,7 +228,7 @@ av en standard for at en standard skal kunne kalles fri og Ã¥pen.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Hvor_flyter_Microsofts_penger_.html b/blog/Hvor_flyter_Microsofts_penger_.html index 0090780eef..0290b94440 100644 --- a/blog/Hvor_flyter_Microsofts_penger_.html +++ b/blog/Hvor_flyter_Microsofts_penger_.html @@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ om spaniaselskapet pÃ¥ spansk, men jeg kan ikke lese spansk. :(

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    • diff --git a/blog/Hvorfor_jeg_ikke_bruker_eFaktura.html b/blog/Hvorfor_jeg_ikke_bruker_eFaktura.html index c336cf02ff..250e4a2ddd 100644 --- a/blog/Hvorfor_jeg_ikke_bruker_eFaktura.html +++ b/blog/Hvorfor_jeg_ikke_bruker_eFaktura.html @@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ liker rett og slett ikke dagens faktureringsmodeller.

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  • 2009 @@ -136,9 +138,9 @@ liker rett og slett ikke dagens faktureringsmodeller.

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    • @@ -156,7 +158,7 @@ liker rett og slett ikke dagens faktureringsmodeller.

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    • diff --git a/blog/IDG_mener_linux_i_servermarkedet_vil_vokse_med_21__i_2009.html b/blog/IDG_mener_linux_i_servermarkedet_vil_vokse_med_21__i_2009.html index ca591304b5..94bf2954b5 100644 --- a/blog/IDG_mener_linux_i_servermarkedet_vil_vokse_med_21__i_2009.html +++ b/blog/IDG_mener_linux_i_servermarkedet_vil_vokse_med_21__i_2009.html @@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ bakgrunnskunnskapen kan jeg godt tro at IDG er inne pÃ¥ noe.

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  • 2009 @@ -116,9 +118,9 @@ bakgrunnskunnskapen kan jeg godt tro at IDG er inne pÃ¥ noe.

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    • @@ -136,7 +138,7 @@ bakgrunnskunnskapen kan jeg godt tro at IDG er inne pÃ¥ noe.

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    • diff --git a/blog/ISO_still_hope_to_fix_OOXML.html b/blog/ISO_still_hope_to_fix_OOXML.html index 10c5cf9dbb..c9eb6f1e9b 100644 --- a/blog/ISO_still_hope_to_fix_OOXML.html +++ b/blog/ISO_still_hope_to_fix_OOXML.html @@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ seminar this autumn.

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  • 2009 @@ -123,9 +125,9 @@ seminar this autumn.

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    • @@ -143,7 +145,7 @@ seminar this autumn.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Idea_for_a_change_to_LDAP_schemas_allowing_DNS_and_DHCP_info_to_be_combined_into_one_object.html b/blog/Idea_for_a_change_to_LDAP_schemas_allowing_DNS_and_DHCP_info_to_be_combined_into_one_object.html index 94d72f2378..157488d0dc 100644 --- a/blog/Idea_for_a_change_to_LDAP_schemas_allowing_DNS_and_DHCP_info_to_be_combined_into_one_object.html +++ b/blog/Idea_for_a_change_to_LDAP_schemas_allowing_DNS_and_DHCP_info_to_be_combined_into_one_object.html @@ -93,6 +93,8 @@ please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

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  • 2009 @@ -150,9 +152,9 @@ please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

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    • @@ -170,7 +172,7 @@ please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Intellektuelt_privilegium___et_bedre_IP_begrep.html b/blog/Intellektuelt_privilegium___et_bedre_IP_begrep.html index 4fc596fc2f..c0a0c789e4 100644 --- a/blog/Intellektuelt_privilegium___et_bedre_IP_begrep.html +++ b/blog/Intellektuelt_privilegium___et_bedre_IP_begrep.html @@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ forretningshemmeligheter framover.

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  • 2009 @@ -128,9 +130,9 @@ forretningshemmeligheter framover.

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    • @@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ forretningshemmeligheter framover.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Internet_leverand__rer_er_ikke_vokterne_av_sine_kunders_nettbruk.html b/blog/Internet_leverand__rer_er_ikke_vokterne_av_sine_kunders_nettbruk.html index cedbae79d5..cea25afb66 100644 --- a/blog/Internet_leverand__rer_er_ikke_vokterne_av_sine_kunders_nettbruk.html +++ b/blog/Internet_leverand__rer_er_ikke_vokterne_av_sine_kunders_nettbruk.html @@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ publiseres med mer brukervennlige vilkÃ¥r, som CC-BY og lignende.

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  • 2009 @@ -132,9 +134,9 @@ publiseres med mer brukervennlige vilkÃ¥r, som CC-BY og lignende.

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    • @@ -152,7 +154,7 @@ publiseres med mer brukervennlige vilkÃ¥r, som CC-BY og lignende.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Internet_sensur_skal_i_retten_p___mandag.html b/blog/Internet_sensur_skal_i_retten_p___mandag.html index 3e814a516c..230f4307e9 100644 --- a/blog/Internet_sensur_skal_i_retten_p___mandag.html +++ b/blog/Internet_sensur_skal_i_retten_p___mandag.html @@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ bruk av musikk.

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  • 2009 @@ -133,9 +135,9 @@ bruk av musikk.

  • debian (29)
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    • @@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ bruk av musikk.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Jeg_vil_beholde_tusenlappen___jeg_bruker_den.html b/blog/Jeg_vil_beholde_tusenlappen___jeg_bruker_den.html index 564d202bf1..ca30b04231 100644 --- a/blog/Jeg_vil_beholde_tusenlappen___jeg_bruker_den.html +++ b/blog/Jeg_vil_beholde_tusenlappen___jeg_bruker_den.html @@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ kontanter for noen dager siden.

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  • 2009 @@ -157,9 +159,9 @@ kontanter for noen dager siden.

  • debian (29)
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    • @@ -177,7 +179,7 @@ kontanter for noen dager siden.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Jeg_vil_ikke_ha_BankID.html b/blog/Jeg_vil_ikke_ha_BankID.html index 3146d11b25..35d7fba8c8 100644 --- a/blog/Jeg_vil_ikke_ha_BankID.html +++ b/blog/Jeg_vil_ikke_ha_BankID.html @@ -134,6 +134,8 @@ nettbankkontroll over egne midler. :(
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  • 2009 @@ -191,9 +193,9 @@ nettbankkontroll over egne midler. :(
  • debian (29)
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    • @@ -211,7 +213,7 @@ nettbankkontroll over egne midler. :(
  • norsk (69)
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    • diff --git a/blog/KDM_fail_at_boot_with_NVidia_cards___and_no_one_try_to_fix_it_.html b/blog/KDM_fail_at_boot_with_NVidia_cards___and_no_one_try_to_fix_it_.html index e9415c6fd4..45940a5ddb 100644 --- a/blog/KDM_fail_at_boot_with_NVidia_cards___and_no_one_try_to_fix_it_.html +++ b/blog/KDM_fail_at_boot_with_NVidia_cards___and_no_one_try_to_fix_it_.html @@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ but I am pretty sure that waiting for each other is not it.

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  • 2009 @@ -131,9 +133,9 @@ but I am pretty sure that waiting for each other is not it.

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    • @@ -151,7 +153,7 @@ but I am pretty sure that waiting for each other is not it.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Kart_over_overv__kningskamera_i_Norge.html b/blog/Kart_over_overv__kningskamera_i_Norge.html index 272d52685e..8ef9baa5c6 100644 --- a/blog/Kart_over_overv__kningskamera_i_Norge.html +++ b/blog/Kart_over_overv__kningskamera_i_Norge.html @@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ automatisk over i spesialkartet.

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  • 2009 @@ -126,9 +128,9 @@ automatisk over i spesialkartet.

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    • @@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ automatisk over i spesialkartet.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Kartverket__frigj__r__data_men_er_fortsatt_ikke_interessante.html b/blog/Kartverket__frigj__r__data_men_er_fortsatt_ikke_interessante.html index 7a33bf5804..a49d541d0d 100644 --- a/blog/Kartverket__frigj__r__data_men_er_fortsatt_ikke_interessante.html +++ b/blog/Kartverket__frigj__r__data_men_er_fortsatt_ikke_interessante.html @@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ er ubrukelig til dette.

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  • 2009 @@ -139,9 +141,9 @@ er ubrukelig til dette.

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    • @@ -159,7 +161,7 @@ er ubrukelig til dette.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Kerberos_for_Debian_Edu_Squeeze_.html b/blog/Kerberos_for_Debian_Edu_Squeeze_.html index 52b8860b52..156622adef 100644 --- a/blog/Kerberos_for_Debian_Edu_Squeeze_.html +++ b/blog/Kerberos_for_Debian_Edu_Squeeze_.html @@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ up in a few days.

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  • 2009 @@ -144,9 +146,9 @@ up in a few days.

  • debian (29)
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    • @@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ up in a few days.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Korrupsjon_p___h__yeste_niv___.html b/blog/Korrupsjon_p___h__yeste_niv___.html index 276442c372..5e0649d64d 100644 --- a/blog/Korrupsjon_p___h__yeste_niv___.html +++ b/blog/Korrupsjon_p___h__yeste_niv___.html @@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ Sverige blir søndagskolefortellinger i sammenligning.

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  • 2009 @@ -124,9 +126,9 @@ Sverige blir søndagskolefortellinger i sammenligning.

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    • @@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ Sverige blir søndagskolefortellinger i sammenligning.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Kryptert_harddisk___naturligvis.html b/blog/Kryptert_harddisk___naturligvis.html index 93c10933d3..daecc43f29 100644 --- a/blog/Kryptert_harddisk___naturligvis.html +++ b/blog/Kryptert_harddisk___naturligvis.html @@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ betydelige.

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  • 2009 @@ -137,9 +139,9 @@ betydelige.

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    • @@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ betydelige.

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    • diff --git a/blog/LUMA__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html b/blog/LUMA__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html index 7a26ad1fba..227bb044f0 100644 --- a/blog/LUMA__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html +++ b/blog/LUMA__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html @@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

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  • 2009 @@ -138,9 +140,9 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

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    • @@ -158,7 +160,7 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Lenker_samlet_2009_05_09.html b/blog/Lenker_samlet_2009_05_09.html index 04d355b8fc..8b016fca9d 100644 --- a/blog/Lenker_samlet_2009_05_09.html +++ b/blog/Lenker_samlet_2009_05_09.html @@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ Word 2007 hÃ¥ndterer ODF dÃ¥rlig
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  • 2009 @@ -126,9 +128,9 @@ Word 2007 hÃ¥ndterer ODF dÃ¥rlig
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    • @@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ Word 2007 hÃ¥ndterer ODF dÃ¥rlig
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    • diff --git a/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades__removals_by_apt_and_aptitude.html b/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades__removals_by_apt_and_aptitude.html index f511e03605..64904ca222 100644 --- a/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades__removals_by_apt_and_aptitude.html +++ b/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades__removals_by_apt_and_aptitude.html @@ -219,6 +219,8 @@ continue.

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  • 2009 @@ -276,9 +278,9 @@ continue.

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    • @@ -296,7 +298,7 @@ continue.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Lisensvalg_for_NUUG_opptakene_endelig_p___plass.html b/blog/Lisensvalg_for_NUUG_opptakene_endelig_p___plass.html index ded3463227..0d1ce9dfce 100644 --- a/blog/Lisensvalg_for_NUUG_opptakene_endelig_p___plass.html +++ b/blog/Lisensvalg_for_NUUG_opptakene_endelig_p___plass.html @@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ i denne sammenhengen.

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  • 2009 @@ -117,9 +119,9 @@ i denne sammenhengen.

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    • @@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ i denne sammenhengen.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Litt_om_valgfusk_og_problemet_med_elektronisk_stemmegiving.html b/blog/Litt_om_valgfusk_og_problemet_med_elektronisk_stemmegiving.html index 010204855d..7bf18145e1 100644 --- a/blog/Litt_om_valgfusk_og_problemet_med_elektronisk_stemmegiving.html +++ b/blog/Litt_om_valgfusk_og_problemet_med_elektronisk_stemmegiving.html @@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ inneholdt i Iran hvis de ikke hadde hemmelige valg?

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  • 2009 @@ -137,9 +139,9 @@ inneholdt i Iran hvis de ikke hadde hemmelige valg?

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    • @@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ inneholdt i Iran hvis de ikke hadde hemmelige valg?

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    • diff --git a/blog/MVA_p___b__ker_med_DRM__ikke_MVA_p___b__ker_uten_DRM_.html b/blog/MVA_p___b__ker_med_DRM__ikke_MVA_p___b__ker_uten_DRM_.html index 8fc69edc77..1b72913eb9 100644 --- a/blog/MVA_p___b__ker_med_DRM__ikke_MVA_p___b__ker_uten_DRM_.html +++ b/blog/MVA_p___b__ker_med_DRM__ikke_MVA_p___b__ker_uten_DRM_.html @@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ DRM mÃ¥ anses som et kjøp.

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  • 2009 @@ -126,9 +128,9 @@ DRM mÃ¥ anses som et kjøp.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Magnetstripeinnhold_i_billetter_fra_Flytoget_og_Hurtigruten.html b/blog/Magnetstripeinnhold_i_billetter_fra_Flytoget_og_Hurtigruten.html index e8b69a4e6c..95b86ab9bb 100644 --- a/blog/Magnetstripeinnhold_i_billetter_fra_Flytoget_og_Hurtigruten.html +++ b/blog/Magnetstripeinnhold_i_billetter_fra_Flytoget_og_Hurtigruten.html @@ -105,6 +105,8 @@ ser jeg mye korrespondanse mellom pÃ¥trykk og magnetstripe.

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  • 2009 @@ -162,9 +164,9 @@ ser jeg mye korrespondanse mellom pÃ¥trykk og magnetstripe.

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    • @@ -182,7 +184,7 @@ ser jeg mye korrespondanse mellom pÃ¥trykk og magnetstripe.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Massiv_overv__kning_av_kollektivtrafikken_i_Oslo_planlegges.html b/blog/Massiv_overv__kning_av_kollektivtrafikken_i_Oslo_planlegges.html index 4f42d817cb..dde419af54 100644 --- a/blog/Massiv_overv__kning_av_kollektivtrafikken_i_Oslo_planlegges.html +++ b/blog/Massiv_overv__kning_av_kollektivtrafikken_i_Oslo_planlegges.html @@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ OsloomrÃ¥det.

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  • 2009 @@ -120,9 +122,9 @@ OsloomrÃ¥det.

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    • @@ -140,7 +142,7 @@ OsloomrÃ¥det.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Mekanikk_delen_av_reprap_byggesettet_i_hus.html b/blog/Mekanikk_delen_av_reprap_byggesettet_i_hus.html index 52dd9d96b0..9c53ded4fc 100644 --- a/blog/Mekanikk_delen_av_reprap_byggesettet_i_hus.html +++ b/blog/Mekanikk_delen_av_reprap_byggesettet_i_hus.html @@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ og kan melde seg pÃ¥ aktive@nuug.no.

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  • 2009 @@ -125,9 +127,9 @@ og kan melde seg pÃ¥ aktive@nuug.no.

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    • @@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ og kan melde seg pÃ¥ aktive@nuug.no.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Mekanikk_delen_av_reprap_byggesettet_p___vei.html b/blog/Mekanikk_delen_av_reprap_byggesettet_p___vei.html index 2c54fce1ce..06c4f7845a 100644 --- a/blog/Mekanikk_delen_av_reprap_byggesettet_p___vei.html +++ b/blog/Mekanikk_delen_av_reprap_byggesettet_p___vei.html @@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ bort første pakke.

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  • 2009 @@ -117,9 +119,9 @@ bort første pakke.

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    • @@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ bort første pakke.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Mens_vi_venter_p___3D_skriveren.html b/blog/Mens_vi_venter_p___3D_skriveren.html index cf74c5fb22..5858996a5e 100644 --- a/blog/Mens_vi_venter_p___3D_skriveren.html +++ b/blog/Mens_vi_venter_p___3D_skriveren.html @@ -72,6 +72,8 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

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  • 2009 @@ -129,9 +131,9 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

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    • @@ -149,7 +151,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Microsofts_misvisende_argumentasjon_rundt_multimediaformater.html b/blog/Microsofts_misvisende_argumentasjon_rundt_multimediaformater.html index 13a713c786..eb85730e98 100644 --- a/blog/Microsofts_misvisende_argumentasjon_rundt_multimediaformater.html +++ b/blog/Microsofts_misvisende_argumentasjon_rundt_multimediaformater.html @@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ misvisende pÃ¥stander etter i sømmene.

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  • 2009 @@ -149,9 +151,9 @@ misvisende pÃ¥stander etter i sømmene.

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    • @@ -169,7 +171,7 @@ misvisende pÃ¥stander etter i sømmene.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Min_reprap_tar_sakte_form.html b/blog/Min_reprap_tar_sakte_form.html index f29e042aa6..1d9c8b568d 100644 --- a/blog/Min_reprap_tar_sakte_form.html +++ b/blog/Min_reprap_tar_sakte_form.html @@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ arbeidet.

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  • 2009 @@ -139,9 +141,9 @@ arbeidet.

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    • @@ -159,7 +161,7 @@ arbeidet.

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    • diff --git a/blog/More_flexible_firmware_handling_in_debian_installer.html b/blog/More_flexible_firmware_handling_in_debian_installer.html index f4d3b22144..9a82ec914f 100644 --- a/blog/More_flexible_firmware_handling_in_debian_installer.html +++ b/blog/More_flexible_firmware_handling_in_debian_installer.html @@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ contact us on debian-boot@lists.debian.org.

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    • @@ -169,7 +171,7 @@ contact us on debian-boot@lists.debian.org.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Nasjonalbiblioteket_legger_ut_b__ker_p___web.html b/blog/Nasjonalbiblioteket_legger_ut_b__ker_p___web.html index a6ad30dba4..1b29c717c8 100644 --- a/blog/Nasjonalbiblioteket_legger_ut_b__ker_p___web.html +++ b/blog/Nasjonalbiblioteket_legger_ut_b__ker_p___web.html @@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ fortløpende.

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    • @@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ fortløpende.

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    • diff --git a/blog/No_patch_is_not_better_than_a_useless_patch.html b/blog/No_patch_is_not_better_than_a_useless_patch.html index e2577d58c6..ade4dfb45e 100644 --- a/blog/No_patch_is_not_better_than_a_useless_patch.html +++ b/blog/No_patch_is_not_better_than_a_useless_patch.html @@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ properties.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Norge_trenger_en_personvernforening.html b/blog/Norge_trenger_en_personvernforening.html index 73e13d5f1f..f4af0583b0 100644 --- a/blog/Norge_trenger_en_personvernforening.html +++ b/blog/Norge_trenger_en_personvernforening.html @@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ nÃ¥ fÃ¥r vi se om noen er enig.

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  • 2009 @@ -121,9 +123,9 @@ nÃ¥ fÃ¥r vi se om noen er enig.

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    • @@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ nÃ¥ fÃ¥r vi se om noen er enig.

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    • diff --git a/blog/ODF_bruk_i_staten__ikke_helt_p___plass.html b/blog/ODF_bruk_i_staten__ikke_helt_p___plass.html index efc40e0221..5ace9432c4 100644 --- a/blog/ODF_bruk_i_staten__ikke_helt_p___plass.html +++ b/blog/ODF_bruk_i_staten__ikke_helt_p___plass.html @@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ Kjenner kun til ufullstendige løsninger for slikt.

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  • 2009 @@ -121,9 +123,9 @@ Kjenner kun til ufullstendige løsninger for slikt.

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    • @@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ Kjenner kun til ufullstendige løsninger for slikt.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Officeshots_taking_shape.html b/blog/Officeshots_taking_shape.html index 63b527f75e..e53f09a96b 100644 --- a/blog/Officeshots_taking_shape.html +++ b/blog/Officeshots_taking_shape.html @@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ Windows. This is great.

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    • @@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ Windows. This is great.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Opphavet_til_Skolelinux_prosjektet.html b/blog/Opphavet_til_Skolelinux_prosjektet.html index 6e9d91f8bc..fc629b618e 100644 --- a/blog/Opphavet_til_Skolelinux_prosjektet.html +++ b/blog/Opphavet_til_Skolelinux_prosjektet.html @@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ Resten er historie. :)

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    • diff --git a/blog/P___vegne_av_vanvitting_mange__Aftenposten_.html b/blog/P___vegne_av_vanvitting_mange__Aftenposten_.html index bea3b563af..9b3e4575ce 100644 --- a/blog/P___vegne_av_vanvitting_mange__Aftenposten_.html +++ b/blog/P___vegne_av_vanvitting_mange__Aftenposten_.html @@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ Hr. Fossen. MÃ¥ innrømme at jeg tviler pÃ¥ det.

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    • @@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ Hr. Fossen. MÃ¥ innrømme at jeg tviler pÃ¥ det.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Parallellized_boot_is_now_the_default_in_Debian_unstable.html b/blog/Parallellized_boot_is_now_the_default_in_Debian_unstable.html index 80b47c95ab..91832c7420 100644 --- a/blog/Parallellized_boot_is_now_the_default_in_Debian_unstable.html +++ b/blog/Parallellized_boot_is_now_the_default_in_Debian_unstable.html @@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ list of usertagged bugs related to this.

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    • @@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ list of usertagged bugs related to this.

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  • debian (29)
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    • @@ -163,7 +165,7 @@ list of usertagged bugs related to this.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Pieces_of_the_roaming_laptop_puzzle_in_Debian.html b/blog/Pieces_of_the_roaming_laptop_puzzle_in_Debian.html index 7333cf4809..301df55c8e 100644 --- a/blog/Pieces_of_the_roaming_laptop_puzzle_in_Debian.html +++ b/blog/Pieces_of_the_roaming_laptop_puzzle_in_Debian.html @@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

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    • @@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Recording_video_from_cron_using_VLC.html b/blog/Recording_video_from_cron_using_VLC.html index 28d61b67ba..3c51385c78 100644 --- a/blog/Recording_video_from_cron_using_VLC.html +++ b/blog/Recording_video_from_cron_using_VLC.html @@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ wait $pid
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    • diff --git a/blog/Regjerningen_forlater_prinsippet_om_ingen_royalty_betaling_i_standardkatalogen_versjon_2.html b/blog/Regjerningen_forlater_prinsippet_om_ingen_royalty_betaling_i_standardkatalogen_versjon_2.html index 4cf01f9f3b..da33e405d6 100644 --- a/blog/Regjerningen_forlater_prinsippet_om_ingen_royalty_betaling_i_standardkatalogen_versjon_2.html +++ b/blog/Regjerningen_forlater_prinsippet_om_ingen_royalty_betaling_i_standardkatalogen_versjon_2.html @@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ høringsuttalelse, men ser ut til Ã¥ ha blitt ignorert.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Regjerningens_oppsummering_av_h__ringen_om_standardkatalogen_versjon_2.html b/blog/Regjerningens_oppsummering_av_h__ringen_om_standardkatalogen_versjon_2.html index a38a8a8436..ca86766134 100644 --- a/blog/Regjerningens_oppsummering_av_h__ringen_om_standardkatalogen_versjon_2.html +++ b/blog/Regjerningens_oppsummering_av_h__ringen_om_standardkatalogen_versjon_2.html @@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ politidirektoratet om patentproblemer i Theora).

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  • 2009 @@ -128,9 +130,9 @@ politidirektoratet om patentproblemer i Theora).

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    • @@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ politidirektoratet om patentproblemer i Theora).

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    • diff --git a/blog/Relative_popularity_of_document_formats__MS_Office_vs__ODF_.html b/blog/Relative_popularity_of_document_formats__MS_Office_vs__ODF_.html index ab8e2e9223..8f968f0a53 100644 --- a/blog/Relative_popularity_of_document_formats__MS_Office_vs__ODF_.html +++ b/blog/Relative_popularity_of_document_formats__MS_Office_vs__ODF_.html @@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ numbers.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Reprap_bygging_i_p__sken.html b/blog/Reprap_bygging_i_p__sken.html index a7e1105eaf..9c88e948de 100644 --- a/blog/Reprap_bygging_i_p__sken.html +++ b/blog/Reprap_bygging_i_p__sken.html @@ -104,6 +104,8 @@ kommer til Ã¥ bruke denne plasttypen som hÃ¥ndterer temperaturer mellom
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    • diff --git a/blog/Reprap_pakke_tapt_i_posten.html b/blog/Reprap_pakke_tapt_i_posten.html index 4360f35ea1..11d2e77c2c 100644 --- a/blog/Reprap_pakke_tapt_i_posten.html +++ b/blog/Reprap_pakke_tapt_i_posten.html @@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ lenge alt er klart til Go Open
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    • diff --git a/blog/Returning_from_Skolelinux_developer_gathering.html b/blog/Returning_from_Skolelinux_developer_gathering.html index ed998f1855..66c5e44e25 100644 --- a/blog/Returning_from_Skolelinux_developer_gathering.html +++ b/blog/Returning_from_Skolelinux_developer_gathering.html @@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ now. :)

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    • diff --git a/blog/Sikkerhet__teater__og_hvordan_gj__re_verden_sikrere.html b/blog/Sikkerhet__teater__og_hvordan_gj__re_verden_sikrere.html index 7e5fc42b66..5fd16f9f43 100644 --- a/blog/Sikkerhet__teater__og_hvordan_gj__re_verden_sikrere.html +++ b/blog/Sikkerhet__teater__og_hvordan_gj__re_verden_sikrere.html @@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ pÃ¥ flyplassene.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Sikkerhet_til_sj__s_trenger_sj__kart_uten_bruksbegresninger.html b/blog/Sikkerhet_til_sj__s_trenger_sj__kart_uten_bruksbegresninger.html index ea78e6b3c4..1bbfbfa1a0 100644 --- a/blog/Sikkerhet_til_sj__s_trenger_sj__kart_uten_bruksbegresninger.html +++ b/blog/Sikkerhet_til_sj__s_trenger_sj__kart_uten_bruksbegresninger.html @@ -104,6 +104,8 @@ det viser at behovet for fribruks-sjøkart er til stedet.

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    • @@ -181,7 +183,7 @@ det viser at behovet for fribruks-sjøkart er til stedet.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_MAC_address_of_all_clients.html b/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_MAC_address_of_all_clients.html index 8873477481..b283a3eefc 100644 --- a/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_MAC_address_of_all_clients.html +++ b/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_MAC_address_of_all_clients.html @@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ written yet.

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    • @@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ written yet.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_computer_hardware_models_used_at_site.html b/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_computer_hardware_models_used_at_site.html index f788c94f95..6ad0fa948f 100644 --- a/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_computer_hardware_models_used_at_site.html +++ b/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_computer_hardware_models_used_at_site.html @@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ collector.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Skolelinux_er_laget_for_sentraldrifting__naturligvis.html b/blog/Skolelinux_er_laget_for_sentraldrifting__naturligvis.html index 28a6408fa5..81fae7e9ee 100644 --- a/blog/Skolelinux_er_laget_for_sentraldrifting__naturligvis.html +++ b/blog/Skolelinux_er_laget_for_sentraldrifting__naturligvis.html @@ -128,6 +128,8 @@ minner.

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    • @@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ minner.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Software_video_mixer_on_a_USB_stick.html b/blog/Software_video_mixer_on_a_USB_stick.html index 2d1290b11c..e40d460656 100644 --- a/blog/Software_video_mixer_on_a_USB_stick.html +++ b/blog/Software_video_mixer_on_a_USB_stick.html @@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ larger stick as well.

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    • @@ -152,7 +154,7 @@ larger stick as well.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Standarder_fungerer_best_n__r_en_samler_seg_rundt_dem.html b/blog/Standarder_fungerer_best_n__r_en_samler_seg_rundt_dem.html index 609f71429e..86aadd429e 100644 --- a/blog/Standarder_fungerer_best_n__r_en_samler_seg_rundt_dem.html +++ b/blog/Standarder_fungerer_best_n__r_en_samler_seg_rundt_dem.html @@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ bidrar positivt.

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    • @@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ bidrar positivt.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Standardize_on_protocols_and_formats__not_vendors_and_applications.html b/blog/Standardize_on_protocols_and_formats__not_vendors_and_applications.html index e23678d5e0..12da808935 100644 --- a/blog/Standardize_on_protocols_and_formats__not_vendors_and_applications.html +++ b/blog/Standardize_on_protocols_and_formats__not_vendors_and_applications.html @@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ application that do not use open network protocol or open formats.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Taking_over_sysvinit_development.html b/blog/Taking_over_sysvinit_development.html index 3d8375763a..0349a24008 100644 --- a/blog/Taking_over_sysvinit_development.html +++ b/blog/Taking_over_sysvinit_development.html @@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ distributions are moving to upstart as a syvinit replacement.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Teknisk_program_for_Go_Open_2009_er_nesten_ferdig.html b/blog/Teknisk_program_for_Go_Open_2009_er_nesten_ferdig.html index 5646cb78c0..0f89fee63c 100644 --- a/blog/Teknisk_program_for_Go_Open_2009_er_nesten_ferdig.html +++ b/blog/Teknisk_program_for_Go_Open_2009_er_nesten_ferdig.html @@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ stort.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Tester_blog.html b/blog/Tester_blog.html index be7af0c50a..887f2cfa4b 100644 --- a/blog/Tester_blog.html +++ b/blog/Tester_blog.html @@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ forsøk.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Testing_av_reprap_elektronikken_igang.html b/blog/Testing_av_reprap_elektronikken_igang.html index 79ae189249..c3b1bf5120 100644 --- a/blog/Testing_av_reprap_elektronikken_igang.html +++ b/blog/Testing_av_reprap_elektronikken_igang.html @@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ reprap-en kvikner til.

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    • diff --git a/blog/The_sorry_state_of_multimedia_browser_plugins_in_Debian.html b/blog/The_sorry_state_of_multimedia_browser_plugins_in_Debian.html index 99f7ecb1c6..82a68aeba2 100644 --- a/blog/The_sorry_state_of_multimedia_browser_plugins_in_Debian.html +++ b/blog/The_sorry_state_of_multimedia_browser_plugins_in_Debian.html @@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

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    • @@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

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    • diff --git a/blog/Thoughts_on_roaming_laptop_setup_for_Debian_Edu.html b/blog/Thoughts_on_roaming_laptop_setup_for_Debian_Edu.html index 6f2b1927d6..42d7cc57ca 100644 --- a/blog/Thoughts_on_roaming_laptop_setup_for_Debian_Edu.html +++ b/blog/Thoughts_on_roaming_laptop_setup_for_Debian_Edu.html @@ -116,6 +116,8 @@ please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

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    • @@ -193,7 +195,7 @@ please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Time_for_new__LDAP_schemas_replacing_RFC_2307_.html b/blog/Time_for_new__LDAP_schemas_replacing_RFC_2307_.html index f6e720d9e6..cb16efc18e 100644 --- a/blog/Time_for_new__LDAP_schemas_replacing_RFC_2307_.html +++ b/blog/Time_for_new__LDAP_schemas_replacing_RFC_2307_.html @@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ new IETF work group?

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    • diff --git a/blog/Togsatsing_p___norsk__mot_sykkel.html b/blog/Togsatsing_p___norsk__mot_sykkel.html index 48e78d972d..38f79fdd56 100644 --- a/blog/Togsatsing_p___norsk__mot_sykkel.html +++ b/blog/Togsatsing_p___norsk__mot_sykkel.html @@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ effekt pÃ¥ omrÃ¥det der?

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    • diff --git a/blog/Transendentalt_tullball_og_en_funksjonell_tiln__rming.html b/blog/Transendentalt_tullball_og_en_funksjonell_tiln__rming.html index f0c5bf6e75..63008492e0 100644 --- a/blog/Transendentalt_tullball_og_en_funksjonell_tiln__rming.html +++ b/blog/Transendentalt_tullball_og_en_funksjonell_tiln__rming.html @@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ oppløsning.

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    • @@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ oppløsning.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Two_projects_that_have_improved_the_quality_of_free_software_a_lot.html b/blog/Two_projects_that_have_improved_the_quality_of_free_software_a_lot.html index 65b7b9e65c..62339d6c3f 100644 --- a/blog/Two_projects_that_have_improved_the_quality_of_free_software_a_lot.html +++ b/blog/Two_projects_that_have_improved_the_quality_of_free_software_a_lot.html @@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ surrounded by today.

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    • @@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ surrounded by today.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Using_bar_codes_at_a_computing_center.html b/blog/Using_bar_codes_at_a_computing_center.html index c274778793..d8a115b32f 100644 --- a/blog/Using_bar_codes_at_a_computing_center.html +++ b/blog/Using_bar_codes_at_a_computing_center.html @@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ easier automatic tracking of computers.

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    • diff --git a/blog/Vinmonopolet_bryter_loven___penlyst___og_flere_planlegger____gj__re_det_samme.html b/blog/Vinmonopolet_bryter_loven___penlyst___og_flere_planlegger____gj__re_det_samme.html index fa73022e9d..a892415b0b 100644 --- a/blog/Vinmonopolet_bryter_loven___penlyst___og_flere_planlegger____gj__re_det_samme.html +++ b/blog/Vinmonopolet_bryter_loven___penlyst___og_flere_planlegger____gj__re_det_samme.html @@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ hÃ¥ndheves strengt.

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    • @@ -196,7 +198,7 @@ skyskrapere. Takke meg til en tur til mÃ¥nen.

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    • diff --git a/blog/__pne_tr__dl__snett_er_et_samfunnsgode.html b/blog/__pne_tr__dl__snett_er_et_samfunnsgode.html index e8774afcee..65968d7e77 100644 --- a/blog/__pne_tr__dl__snett_er_et_samfunnsgode.html +++ b/blog/__pne_tr__dl__snett_er_et_samfunnsgode.html @@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ anstrenge oss for Ã¥ beholde.

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    • diff --git a/blog/archive/2008/12/index.html b/blog/archive/2008/12/index.html index 1a96e89977..189a92ac24 100644 --- a/blog/archive/2008/12/index.html +++ b/blog/archive/2008/12/index.html @@ -378,6 +378,8 @@ larger stick as well.

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    • diff --git a/blog/archive/2009/01/index.html b/blog/archive/2009/01/index.html index ce429a64ed..3d0304baaa 100644 --- a/blog/archive/2009/01/index.html +++ b/blog/archive/2009/01/index.html @@ -547,6 +547,8 @@ produkter basert pÃ¥ standarden.

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    • diff --git a/blog/archive/2009/02/index.html b/blog/archive/2009/02/index.html index ee4d9e7fa5..546334c78f 100644 --- a/blog/archive/2009/02/index.html +++ b/blog/archive/2009/02/index.html @@ -525,6 +525,8 @@ do so.

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    • diff --git a/blog/archive/2009/03/index.html b/blog/archive/2009/03/index.html index b274fb4748..86919584f0 100644 --- a/blog/archive/2009/03/index.html +++ b/blog/archive/2009/03/index.html @@ -714,6 +714,8 @@ application that do not use open network protocol or open formats.

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    • diff --git a/blog/archive/2009/04/index.html b/blog/archive/2009/04/index.html index b20f32faf6..6039ce40be 100644 --- a/blog/archive/2009/04/index.html +++ b/blog/archive/2009/04/index.html @@ -506,6 +506,8 @@ properties.

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    • diff --git a/blog/archive/2009/07/index.html b/blog/archive/2009/07/index.html index ff26885374..45e0409b56 100644 --- a/blog/archive/2009/07/index.html +++ b/blog/archive/2009/07/index.html @@ -214,6 +214,8 @@ non-predictable kernel in the early boot.

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    • diff --git a/blog/archive/2009/08/index.html b/blog/archive/2009/08/index.html index 746d67dcfb..0e4ef5096e 100644 --- a/blog/archive/2009/08/index.html +++ b/blog/archive/2009/08/index.html @@ -227,6 +227,8 @@ det viser at behovet for fribruks-sjøkart er til stedet.

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    • diff --git a/blog/archive/2009/12/index.html b/blog/archive/2009/12/index.html index c68d9ede0f..3abf252603 100644 --- a/blog/archive/2009/12/index.html +++ b/blog/archive/2009/12/index.html @@ -166,6 +166,8 @@ pÃ¥ flyplassene.

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    • diff --git a/blog/archive/2010/01/index.html b/blog/archive/2010/01/index.html index 1f9ad88728..90adeb6002 100644 --- a/blog/archive/2010/01/index.html +++ b/blog/archive/2010/01/index.html @@ -149,6 +149,8 @@ platforme.

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    • diff --git a/blog/archive/2010/03/index.html b/blog/archive/2010/03/index.html index 213386b55b..2ef9c43d73 100644 --- a/blog/archive/2010/03/index.html +++ b/blog/archive/2010/03/index.html @@ -169,6 +169,8 @@ Hr. Fossen. MÃ¥ innrømme at jeg tviler pÃ¥ det.

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    • diff --git a/blog/archive/2010/04/index.html b/blog/archive/2010/04/index.html index 3aae02c4f1..d85671fcb6 100644 --- a/blog/archive/2010/04/index.html +++ b/blog/archive/2010/04/index.html @@ -223,6 +223,8 @@ please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

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    • @@ -1091,7 +1093,7 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

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    • diff --git a/blog/index.html b/blog/index.html index a076506d03..b907ba4c0c 100644 --- a/blog/index.html +++ b/blog/index.html @@ -19,6 +19,219 @@ +
    +
    Caching password, user and group on a roaming Debian laptop
    +
    2010-07-01 11:40
    +
    +

    For a laptop, centralized user directories and password checking is +a bit troubling. Laptops are typically used also when not connected +to the network, and it is vital for a user to be able to log in or +unlock the screen saver also when a central server is unavailable. +This is possible by caching passwords and directory information (user +and group attributes) locally, and the packages to do so are available +in Debian. Here follow two recipes to set this up in Debian/Squeeze. +It is also possible to set up in Debian/Lenny, but require more manual +setup there because pam-auth-update is missing in Lenny.

    + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + nscd + libpam-ccreds + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir

    + +This is the traditional method with a twist. The password caching is +provided by libpam-ccreds (version 10-4 or later is needed on +Squeeze), and the directory caching is done by nscd. The directory +lookup and password checking is done using LDAP. If one want to use +Kerberos for password checking the libpam-ldapd package can be +replaced with libpam-krb5 or libpam-heimdal. If one is happy having a +local home directory with the path listed in LDAP, one can use the +pam_mkhomedir module from pam-modules to make this happen instead of +using libpam-mklocaluser. A setup for pam-auth-update to enable +pam_mkhomedir will have to be written until a fix for +bug #568577 is in the +archive. Because I believe it is a bad idea to have local home +directories using misleading paths like /site/server/partition/, I +prefer to create a local user with the home directory in /home/. This +is done using the libpam-mklocaluser package.

    + +

    These packages need to be installed and configured

    + +
    +libnss-ldapd libpam-ldapd nscd libpam-ccreds libpam-mklocaluser
+
    + +

    The ldapd packages will ask for LDAP connection information, and +one have to fill in the values that fits ones own site. Make sure the +PAM part uses encrypted connections, to make sure the password is not +sent in clear text to the LDAP server. I've been unable to get TLS +certificate checking for a self signed certificate working, which make +LDAP authentication unsafe for Debian Edu (nslcd is not checking if it +is talking to the correct LDAP server), and very much welcome feedback +on how to get this working.

    + +

    Because nscd do not have a default configuration fit for offline +caching until bug #485282 +is fixed, this configuration should be used instead of the one +currently in /etc/nscd.conf. The changes are in the fields +reload-count and positive-time-to-live, and is based on the +instructions I found in the +LDAP for Mobile Laptops +instructions by Flyn Computing.

    + +
    +	debug-level		0
+	reload-count		unlimited
+	paranoia		no
+
+	enable-cache		passwd		yes
+	positive-time-to-live	passwd		2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	passwd		20
+	suggested-size		passwd		211
+	check-files		passwd		yes
+	persistent		passwd		yes
+	shared			passwd		yes
+	max-db-size		passwd		33554432
+	auto-propagate		passwd		yes
+
+	enable-cache		group		yes
+	positive-time-to-live	group		2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	group		20
+	suggested-size		group		211
+	check-files		group		yes
+	persistent		group		yes
+	shared			group		yes
+	max-db-size		group		33554432
+	auto-propagate		group		yes
+
+	enable-cache		hosts		no
+	positive-time-to-live	hosts		2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	hosts		20
+	suggested-size		hosts		211
+	check-files		hosts		yes
+	persistent		hosts		yes
+	shared			hosts		yes
+	max-db-size		hosts		33554432
+
+	enable-cache		services	yes
+	positive-time-to-live	services	2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	services	20
+	suggested-size		services	211
+	check-files		services	yes
+	persistent		services	yes
+	shared			services	yes
+	max-db-size		services	33554432
+
    + +

    While we wait for a mechanism to update /etc/nsswitch.conf +automatically like the one provided in +bug #496915, the file +content need to be manually replaced to ensure LDAP is used as the +directory service on the machine. /etc/nsswitch.conf should normally +look like this:

    + +
    +passwd:         files ldap
+group:          files ldap
+shadow:         files ldap
+hosts:          files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4
+networks:       files
+protocols:      files
+services:       files
+ethers:         files
+rpc:            files
+netgroup:       files ldap
+
    + +

    The important parts are that ldap is listed last for passwd, group, +shadow and netgroup.

    + +

    With these changes in place, any user in LDAP will be able to log +in locally on the machine using for example kdm, get a local home +directory created and have the password as well as user and group +attributes cached. + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + nss-updatedb + libpam-ccreds + + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir

    + +

    Because nscd have had its share of problems, and seem to have +problems doing proper caching, I've seen suggestions and recipes to +use nss-updatedb to copy parts of the LDAP database locally when the +LDAP database is available. I have not tested such setup, because I +discovered sssd.

    + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + sssd + libpam-mklocaluser

    + +

    A more flexible and robust setup than the nscd combination +mentioned earlier that has shown up recently, is the +sssd package from Redhat. +It is part of the FreeIPA project +to provide a Active Directory like directory service for Linux +machines. The sssd system combines the caching of passwords and user +information into one package, and remove the need for nscd and +libpam-ccreds. It support LDAP and Kerberos, but not NIS. Version +1.2 do not support netgroups, but it is said that it will support this +in version 1.5 expected to show up later in 2010. Because the +sssd package +was missing in Debian, I ended up co-maintaining it with Werner, and +version 1.2 is now in testing. + +

    These packages need to be installed and configured to get the +roaming setup I want

    + +
    +libpam-sss libnss-sss libpam-mklocaluser
+
    + +The complete setup of sssd is done by editing/creating +/etc/sssd/sssd.conf. + +
    +[sssd]
+config_file_version = 2
+reconnection_retries = 3
+sbus_timeout = 30
+services = nss, pam
+domains = INTERN
+
+[nss]
+filter_groups = root
+filter_users = root
+reconnection_retries = 3
+
+[pam]
+reconnection_retries = 3
+
+[domain/INTERN]
+enumerate = false
+cache_credentials = true
+
+id_provider = ldap
+auth_provider = ldap
+chpass_provider = ldap
+
+ldap_uri = ldap://ldap
+ldap_search_base = dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
+ldap_tls_reqcert = never
+ldap_tls_cacert = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
+
    + +

    I got the same problem here with certificate checking. Had to set +"ldap_tls_reqcert = never" to get it working.

    + +

    With the libnss-sss package in testing at the moment, the +nsswitch.conf file is update automatically, so there is no need to +modify it manually.

    + +

    If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu, +please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

    +
    +
    + + + + Tags: debian edu, english, nuug. + +
    +
    +
    +
    LUMA, a very nice LDAP GUI
    2010-06-28 00:30
    @@ -707,62 +920,6 @@ minner.

    -
    -
    Upstart or sysvinit - as init.d scripts see it
    -
    2010-06-06 23:55
    -
    -

    If Debian is to migrate to upstart on Linux, I expect some init.d -scripts to migrate (some of) their operations to upstart job while -keeping the init.d for hurd and kfreebsd. The packages with such -needs will need a way to get their init.d scripts to behave -differently when used with sysvinit and with upstart. Because of -this, I had a look at the environment variables set when a init.d -script is running under upstart, and when it is not.

    - -

    With upstart, I notice these environment variables are set when a -script is started from rcS.d/ (ignoring some irrelevant ones like -COLUMNS):

    - -
    -DEFAULT_RUNLEVEL=2
-previous=N
-PREVLEVEL=
-RUNLEVEL=
-runlevel=S
-UPSTART_EVENTS=startup
-UPSTART_INSTANCE=
-UPSTART_JOB=rc-sysinit
-
    - -

    With sysvinit, these environment variables are set for the same -script.

    - -
    -INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.88
-previous=N
-PREVLEVEL=N
-RUNLEVEL=S
-runlevel=S
-
    - -

    The RUNLEVEL and PREVLEVEL environment variables passed on from -sysvinit are not set by upstart. Not sure if it is intentional or not -to not be compatible with sysvinit in this regard.

    - -

    For scripts needing to behave differently when upstart is used, -looking for the UPSTART_JOB environment variable seem to be a good -choice.

    -
    -
    - - - - Tags: bootsystem, debian, english. - -
    -
    -
    -

    RSS feed

    +
    + +
    +
    + Caching password, user and group on a roaming Debian laptop +
    +
    + 2010-07-01 11:40 +
    + +
    + +

    For a laptop, centralized user directories and password checking is +a bit troubling. Laptops are typically used also when not connected +to the network, and it is vital for a user to be able to log in or +unlock the screen saver also when a central server is unavailable. +This is possible by caching passwords and directory information (user +and group attributes) locally, and the packages to do so are available +in Debian. Here follow two recipes to set this up in Debian/Squeeze. +It is also possible to set up in Debian/Lenny, but require more manual +setup there because pam-auth-update is missing in Lenny.

    + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + nscd + libpam-ccreds + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir

    + +This is the traditional method with a twist. The password caching is +provided by libpam-ccreds (version 10-4 or later is needed on +Squeeze), and the directory caching is done by nscd. The directory +lookup and password checking is done using LDAP. If one want to use +Kerberos for password checking the libpam-ldapd package can be +replaced with libpam-krb5 or libpam-heimdal. If one is happy having a +local home directory with the path listed in LDAP, one can use the +pam_mkhomedir module from pam-modules to make this happen instead of +using libpam-mklocaluser. A setup for pam-auth-update to enable +pam_mkhomedir will have to be written until a fix for +bug #568577 is in the +archive. Because I believe it is a bad idea to have local home +directories using misleading paths like /site/server/partition/, I +prefer to create a local user with the home directory in /home/. This +is done using the libpam-mklocaluser package.

    + +

    These packages need to be installed and configured

    + +
    +libnss-ldapd libpam-ldapd nscd libpam-ccreds libpam-mklocaluser
+
    + +

    The ldapd packages will ask for LDAP connection information, and +one have to fill in the values that fits ones own site. Make sure the +PAM part uses encrypted connections, to make sure the password is not +sent in clear text to the LDAP server. I've been unable to get TLS +certificate checking for a self signed certificate working, which make +LDAP authentication unsafe for Debian Edu (nslcd is not checking if it +is talking to the correct LDAP server), and very much welcome feedback +on how to get this working.

    + +

    Because nscd do not have a default configuration fit for offline +caching until bug #485282 +is fixed, this configuration should be used instead of the one +currently in /etc/nscd.conf. The changes are in the fields +reload-count and positive-time-to-live, and is based on the +instructions I found in the +LDAP for Mobile Laptops +instructions by Flyn Computing.

    + +
    +	debug-level		0
+	reload-count		unlimited
+	paranoia		no
+
+	enable-cache		passwd		yes
+	positive-time-to-live	passwd		2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	passwd		20
+	suggested-size		passwd		211
+	check-files		passwd		yes
+	persistent		passwd		yes
+	shared			passwd		yes
+	max-db-size		passwd		33554432
+	auto-propagate		passwd		yes
+
+	enable-cache		group		yes
+	positive-time-to-live	group		2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	group		20
+	suggested-size		group		211
+	check-files		group		yes
+	persistent		group		yes
+	shared			group		yes
+	max-db-size		group		33554432
+	auto-propagate		group		yes
+
+	enable-cache		hosts		no
+	positive-time-to-live	hosts		2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	hosts		20
+	suggested-size		hosts		211
+	check-files		hosts		yes
+	persistent		hosts		yes
+	shared			hosts		yes
+	max-db-size		hosts		33554432
+
+	enable-cache		services	yes
+	positive-time-to-live	services	2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	services	20
+	suggested-size		services	211
+	check-files		services	yes
+	persistent		services	yes
+	shared			services	yes
+	max-db-size		services	33554432
+
    + +

    While we wait for a mechanism to update /etc/nsswitch.conf +automatically like the one provided in +bug #496915, the file +content need to be manually replaced to ensure LDAP is used as the +directory service on the machine. /etc/nsswitch.conf should normally +look like this:

    + +
    +passwd:         files ldap
+group:          files ldap
+shadow:         files ldap
+hosts:          files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4
+networks:       files
+protocols:      files
+services:       files
+ethers:         files
+rpc:            files
+netgroup:       files ldap
+
    + +

    The important parts are that ldap is listed last for passwd, group, +shadow and netgroup.

    + +

    With these changes in place, any user in LDAP will be able to log +in locally on the machine using for example kdm, get a local home +directory created and have the password as well as user and group +attributes cached. + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + nss-updatedb + libpam-ccreds + + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir

    + +

    Because nscd have had its share of problems, and seem to have +problems doing proper caching, I've seen suggestions and recipes to +use nss-updatedb to copy parts of the LDAP database locally when the +LDAP database is available. I have not tested such setup, because I +discovered sssd.

    + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + sssd + libpam-mklocaluser

    + +

    A more flexible and robust setup than the nscd combination +mentioned earlier that has shown up recently, is the +sssd package from Redhat. +It is part of the FreeIPA project +to provide a Active Directory like directory service for Linux +machines. The sssd system combines the caching of passwords and user +information into one package, and remove the need for nscd and +libpam-ccreds. It support LDAP and Kerberos, but not NIS. Version +1.2 do not support netgroups, but it is said that it will support this +in version 1.5 expected to show up later in 2010. Because the +sssd package +was missing in Debian, I ended up co-maintaining it with Werner, and +version 1.2 is now in testing. + +

    These packages need to be installed and configured to get the +roaming setup I want

    + +
    +libpam-sss libnss-sss libpam-mklocaluser
+
    + +The complete setup of sssd is done by editing/creating +/etc/sssd/sssd.conf. + +
    +[sssd]
+config_file_version = 2
+reconnection_retries = 3
+sbus_timeout = 30
+services = nss, pam
+domains = INTERN
+
+[nss]
+filter_groups = root
+filter_users = root
+reconnection_retries = 3
+
+[pam]
+reconnection_retries = 3
+
+[domain/INTERN]
+enumerate = false
+cache_credentials = true
+
+id_provider = ldap
+auth_provider = ldap
+chpass_provider = ldap
+
+ldap_uri = ldap://ldap
+ldap_search_base = dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
+ldap_tls_reqcert = never
+ldap_tls_cacert = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
+
    + +

    I got the same problem here with certificate checking. Had to set +"ldap_tls_reqcert = never" to get it working.

    + +

    With the libnss-sss package in testing at the moment, the +nsswitch.conf file is update automatically, so there is no need to +modify it manually.

    + +

    If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu, +please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

    + +
    +
    + + + + Tags: debian edu, english, nuug. + +
    +

    RSS Feed

    @@ -1774,6 +1994,8 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

  • June (14)
    • +
  • July (1)
    • +
  • 2009 @@ -1831,9 +2053,9 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

  • debian (29)
    • -
  • debian edu (28)
    • +
  • debian edu (29)
    • -
  • english (41)
    • +
  • english (42)
  • fiksgatami (1)
    • @@ -1851,7 +2073,7 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

  • norsk (69)
    • -
  • nuug (79)
    • +
  • nuug (80)
  • opphavsrett (13)
    • diff --git a/blog/tags/debian/index.html b/blog/tags/debian/index.html index c171988b8d..a52e55c2a5 100644 --- a/blog/tags/debian/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/debian/index.html @@ -1686,6 +1686,8 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

  • June (14)
    • +
  • July (1)
    • +
  • 2009 @@ -1743,9 +1745,9 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

  • debian (29)
    • -
  • debian edu (28)
    • +
  • debian edu (29)
    • -
  • english (41)
    • +
  • english (42)
  • fiksgatami (1)
    • @@ -1763,7 +1765,7 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

  • norsk (69)
    • -
  • nuug (79)
    • +
  • nuug (80)
  • opphavsrett (13)
    • diff --git a/blog/tags/english/english.rss b/blog/tags/english/english.rss index 701c6ca402..8221920854 100644 --- a/blog/tags/english/english.rss +++ b/blog/tags/english/english.rss @@ -2002,5 +2002,212 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.</p> + + Caching password, user and group on a roaming Debian laptop + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Caching_password__user_and_group_on_a_roaming_Debian_laptop.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Caching_password__user_and_group_on_a_roaming_Debian_laptop.html + Thu, 1 Jul 2010 11:40:00 +0200 + +<p>For a laptop, centralized user directories and password checking is +a bit troubling. Laptops are typically used also when not connected +to the network, and it is vital for a user to be able to log in or +unlock the screen saver also when a central server is unavailable. +This is possible by caching passwords and directory information (user +and group attributes) locally, and the packages to do so are available +in Debian. Here follow two recipes to set this up in Debian/Squeeze. +It is also possible to set up in Debian/Lenny, but require more manual +setup there because pam-auth-update is missing in Lenny.</p> + +<h2>LDAP/Kerberos + nscd + libpam-ccreds + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir</h2> + +This is the traditional method with a twist. The password caching is +provided by libpam-ccreds (version 10-4 or later is needed on +Squeeze), and the directory caching is done by nscd. The directory +lookup and password checking is done using LDAP. If one want to use +Kerberos for password checking the libpam-ldapd package can be +replaced with libpam-krb5 or libpam-heimdal. If one is happy having a +local home directory with the path listed in LDAP, one can use the +pam_mkhomedir module from pam-modules to make this happen instead of +using libpam-mklocaluser. A setup for pam-auth-update to enable +pam_mkhomedir will have to be written until a fix for +<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/568577">bug #568577</a> is in the +archive. Because I believe it is a bad idea to have local home +directories using misleading paths like /site/server/partition/, I +prefer to create a local user with the home directory in /home/. This +is done using the libpam-mklocaluser package.</p> + +<p>These packages need to be installed and configured</p> + +<blockquote><pre> +libnss-ldapd libpam-ldapd nscd libpam-ccreds libpam-mklocaluser +</pre></blockquote> + +<p>The ldapd packages will ask for LDAP connection information, and +one have to fill in the values that fits ones own site. Make sure the +PAM part uses encrypted connections, to make sure the password is not +sent in clear text to the LDAP server. I've been unable to get TLS +certificate checking for a self signed certificate working, which make +LDAP authentication unsafe for Debian Edu (nslcd is not checking if it +is talking to the correct LDAP server), and very much welcome feedback +on how to get this working.</p> + +<p>Because nscd do not have a default configuration fit for offline +caching until <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/485282">bug #485282</a> +is fixed, this configuration should be used instead of the one +currently in /etc/nscd.conf. The changes are in the fields +reload-count and positive-time-to-live, and is based on the +instructions I found in the +<a href="http://www.flyn.org/laptopldap/">LDAP for Mobile Laptops</a> +instructions by Flyn Computing.</p> + +<blockquote><pre> + debug-level 0 + reload-count unlimited + paranoia no + + enable-cache passwd yes + positive-time-to-live passwd 2592000 + negative-time-to-live passwd 20 + suggested-size passwd 211 + check-files passwd yes + persistent passwd yes + shared passwd yes + max-db-size passwd 33554432 + auto-propagate passwd yes + + enable-cache group yes + positive-time-to-live group 2592000 + negative-time-to-live group 20 + suggested-size group 211 + check-files group yes + persistent group yes + shared group yes + max-db-size group 33554432 + auto-propagate group yes + + enable-cache hosts no + positive-time-to-live hosts 2592000 + negative-time-to-live hosts 20 + suggested-size hosts 211 + check-files hosts yes + persistent hosts yes + shared hosts yes + max-db-size hosts 33554432 + + enable-cache services yes + positive-time-to-live services 2592000 + negative-time-to-live services 20 + suggested-size services 211 + check-files services yes + persistent services yes + shared services yes + max-db-size services 33554432 +</pre></blockquote> + +<p>While we wait for a mechanism to update /etc/nsswitch.conf +automatically like the one provided in +<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/496915">bug #496915</a>, the file +content need to be manually replaced to ensure LDAP is used as the +directory service on the machine. /etc/nsswitch.conf should normally +look like this:</p> + +<blockquote><pre> +passwd: files ldap +group: files ldap +shadow: files ldap +hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4 +networks: files +protocols: files +services: files +ethers: files +rpc: files +netgroup: files ldap +</pre></blockquote> + +<p>The important parts are that ldap is listed last for passwd, group, +shadow and netgroup.</p> + +<p>With these changes in place, any user in LDAP will be able to log +in locally on the machine using for example kdm, get a local home +directory created and have the password as well as user and group +attributes cached. + +<h2>LDAP/Kerberos + nss-updatedb + libpam-ccreds + + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir</h2> + +<p>Because nscd have had its share of problems, and seem to have +problems doing proper caching, I've seen suggestions and recipes to +use nss-updatedb to copy parts of the LDAP database locally when the +LDAP database is available. I have not tested such setup, because I +discovered sssd.</p> + +<h2>LDAP/Kerberos + sssd + libpam-mklocaluser</h2> + +<p>A more flexible and robust setup than the nscd combination +mentioned earlier that has shown up recently, is the +<a href="https://fedorahosted.org/sssd/">sssd</a> package from Redhat. +It is part of the <a href="http://www.freeipa.org/">FreeIPA</A> project +to provide a Active Directory like directory service for Linux +machines. The sssd system combines the caching of passwords and user +information into one package, and remove the need for nscd and +libpam-ccreds. It support LDAP and Kerberos, but not NIS. Version +1.2 do not support netgroups, but it is said that it will support this +in version 1.5 expected to show up later in 2010. Because the +<a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sssd.html">sssd package</a> +was missing in Debian, I ended up co-maintaining it with Werner, and +version 1.2 is now in testing. + +<p>These packages need to be installed and configured to get the +roaming setup I want</p> + +<blockquote><pre> +libpam-sss libnss-sss libpam-mklocaluser +</pre></blockquote> + +The complete setup of sssd is done by editing/creating +<tt>/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</tt>. + +<blockquote><pre> +[sssd] +config_file_version = 2 +reconnection_retries = 3 +sbus_timeout = 30 +services = nss, pam +domains = INTERN + +[nss] +filter_groups = root +filter_users = root +reconnection_retries = 3 + +[pam] +reconnection_retries = 3 + +[domain/INTERN] +enumerate = false +cache_credentials = true + +id_provider = ldap +auth_provider = ldap +chpass_provider = ldap + +ldap_uri = ldap://ldap +ldap_search_base = dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no +ldap_tls_reqcert = never +ldap_tls_cacert = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt +</pre></blockquote> + +<p>I got the same problem here with certificate checking. Had to set +"ldap_tls_reqcert = never" to get it working.</p> + +<p>With the libnss-sss package in testing at the moment, the +nsswitch.conf file is update automatically, so there is no need to +modify it manually.</p> + +<p>If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu, +please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.</p> + + + diff --git a/blog/tags/english/index.html b/blog/tags/english/index.html index bc951a2b41..ac601a0276 100644 --- a/blog/tags/english/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/english/index.html @@ -2548,6 +2548,226 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

    +
    + +
    +
    + Caching password, user and group on a roaming Debian laptop +
    +
    + 2010-07-01 11:40 +
    + +
    + +

    For a laptop, centralized user directories and password checking is +a bit troubling. Laptops are typically used also when not connected +to the network, and it is vital for a user to be able to log in or +unlock the screen saver also when a central server is unavailable. +This is possible by caching passwords and directory information (user +and group attributes) locally, and the packages to do so are available +in Debian. Here follow two recipes to set this up in Debian/Squeeze. +It is also possible to set up in Debian/Lenny, but require more manual +setup there because pam-auth-update is missing in Lenny.

    + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + nscd + libpam-ccreds + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir

    + +This is the traditional method with a twist. The password caching is +provided by libpam-ccreds (version 10-4 or later is needed on +Squeeze), and the directory caching is done by nscd. The directory +lookup and password checking is done using LDAP. If one want to use +Kerberos for password checking the libpam-ldapd package can be +replaced with libpam-krb5 or libpam-heimdal. If one is happy having a +local home directory with the path listed in LDAP, one can use the +pam_mkhomedir module from pam-modules to make this happen instead of +using libpam-mklocaluser. A setup for pam-auth-update to enable +pam_mkhomedir will have to be written until a fix for +bug #568577 is in the +archive. Because I believe it is a bad idea to have local home +directories using misleading paths like /site/server/partition/, I +prefer to create a local user with the home directory in /home/. This +is done using the libpam-mklocaluser package.

    + +

    These packages need to be installed and configured

    + +
    +libnss-ldapd libpam-ldapd nscd libpam-ccreds libpam-mklocaluser
+
    + +

    The ldapd packages will ask for LDAP connection information, and +one have to fill in the values that fits ones own site. Make sure the +PAM part uses encrypted connections, to make sure the password is not +sent in clear text to the LDAP server. I've been unable to get TLS +certificate checking for a self signed certificate working, which make +LDAP authentication unsafe for Debian Edu (nslcd is not checking if it +is talking to the correct LDAP server), and very much welcome feedback +on how to get this working.

    + +

    Because nscd do not have a default configuration fit for offline +caching until bug #485282 +is fixed, this configuration should be used instead of the one +currently in /etc/nscd.conf. The changes are in the fields +reload-count and positive-time-to-live, and is based on the +instructions I found in the +LDAP for Mobile Laptops +instructions by Flyn Computing.

    + +
    +	debug-level		0
+	reload-count		unlimited
+	paranoia		no
+
+	enable-cache		passwd		yes
+	positive-time-to-live	passwd		2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	passwd		20
+	suggested-size		passwd		211
+	check-files		passwd		yes
+	persistent		passwd		yes
+	shared			passwd		yes
+	max-db-size		passwd		33554432
+	auto-propagate		passwd		yes
+
+	enable-cache		group		yes
+	positive-time-to-live	group		2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	group		20
+	suggested-size		group		211
+	check-files		group		yes
+	persistent		group		yes
+	shared			group		yes
+	max-db-size		group		33554432
+	auto-propagate		group		yes
+
+	enable-cache		hosts		no
+	positive-time-to-live	hosts		2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	hosts		20
+	suggested-size		hosts		211
+	check-files		hosts		yes
+	persistent		hosts		yes
+	shared			hosts		yes
+	max-db-size		hosts		33554432
+
+	enable-cache		services	yes
+	positive-time-to-live	services	2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	services	20
+	suggested-size		services	211
+	check-files		services	yes
+	persistent		services	yes
+	shared			services	yes
+	max-db-size		services	33554432
+
    + +

    While we wait for a mechanism to update /etc/nsswitch.conf +automatically like the one provided in +bug #496915, the file +content need to be manually replaced to ensure LDAP is used as the +directory service on the machine. /etc/nsswitch.conf should normally +look like this:

    + +
    +passwd:         files ldap
+group:          files ldap
+shadow:         files ldap
+hosts:          files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4
+networks:       files
+protocols:      files
+services:       files
+ethers:         files
+rpc:            files
+netgroup:       files ldap
+
    + +

    The important parts are that ldap is listed last for passwd, group, +shadow and netgroup.

    + +

    With these changes in place, any user in LDAP will be able to log +in locally on the machine using for example kdm, get a local home +directory created and have the password as well as user and group +attributes cached. + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + nss-updatedb + libpam-ccreds + + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir

    + +

    Because nscd have had its share of problems, and seem to have +problems doing proper caching, I've seen suggestions and recipes to +use nss-updatedb to copy parts of the LDAP database locally when the +LDAP database is available. I have not tested such setup, because I +discovered sssd.

    + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + sssd + libpam-mklocaluser

    + +

    A more flexible and robust setup than the nscd combination +mentioned earlier that has shown up recently, is the +sssd package from Redhat. +It is part of the FreeIPA project +to provide a Active Directory like directory service for Linux +machines. The sssd system combines the caching of passwords and user +information into one package, and remove the need for nscd and +libpam-ccreds. It support LDAP and Kerberos, but not NIS. Version +1.2 do not support netgroups, but it is said that it will support this +in version 1.5 expected to show up later in 2010. Because the +sssd package +was missing in Debian, I ended up co-maintaining it with Werner, and +version 1.2 is now in testing. + +

    These packages need to be installed and configured to get the +roaming setup I want

    + +
    +libpam-sss libnss-sss libpam-mklocaluser
+
    + +The complete setup of sssd is done by editing/creating +/etc/sssd/sssd.conf. + +
    +[sssd]
+config_file_version = 2
+reconnection_retries = 3
+sbus_timeout = 30
+services = nss, pam
+domains = INTERN
+
+[nss]
+filter_groups = root
+filter_users = root
+reconnection_retries = 3
+
+[pam]
+reconnection_retries = 3
+
+[domain/INTERN]
+enumerate = false
+cache_credentials = true
+
+id_provider = ldap
+auth_provider = ldap
+chpass_provider = ldap
+
+ldap_uri = ldap://ldap
+ldap_search_base = dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
+ldap_tls_reqcert = never
+ldap_tls_cacert = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
+
    + +

    I got the same problem here with certificate checking. Had to set +"ldap_tls_reqcert = never" to get it working.

    + +

    With the libnss-sss package in testing at the moment, the +nsswitch.conf file is update automatically, so there is no need to +modify it manually.

    + +

    If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu, +please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

    + +
    +
    + + + + Tags: debian edu, english, nuug. + +
    +

    RSS Feed

    @@ -2575,6 +2795,8 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

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    • @@ -2652,7 +2874,7 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

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  • opphavsrett (13)
    • diff --git a/blog/tags/fiksgatami/index.html b/blog/tags/fiksgatami/index.html index 25cac53ce1..ad3aeb966d 100644 --- a/blog/tags/fiksgatami/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/fiksgatami/index.html @@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ med dem. Dette blir bra.

  • June (14)
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  • 2009 @@ -143,9 +145,9 @@ med dem. Dette blir bra.

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    • +
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    • @@ -163,7 +165,7 @@ med dem. Dette blir bra.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/fildeling/index.html b/blog/tags/fildeling/index.html index bd607fb422..e78f0c7337 100644 --- a/blog/tags/fildeling/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/fildeling/index.html @@ -350,6 +350,8 @@ anstrenge oss for Ã¥ beholde.

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    • +
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    • @@ -427,7 +429,7 @@ anstrenge oss for Ã¥ beholde.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/kart/index.html b/blog/tags/kart/index.html index afa9d1c0d8..d24668cbe7 100644 --- a/blog/tags/kart/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/kart/index.html @@ -174,6 +174,8 @@ er ubrukelig til dette.

  • June (14)
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  • 2009 @@ -231,9 +233,9 @@ er ubrukelig til dette.

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    • +
  • debian edu (29)
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    • @@ -251,7 +253,7 @@ er ubrukelig til dette.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/ldap/index.html b/blog/tags/ldap/index.html index 2f93f363d7..a3f79ff12b 100644 --- a/blog/tags/ldap/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/ldap/index.html @@ -216,6 +216,8 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

  • June (14)
    • +
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    • +
  • 2009 @@ -273,9 +275,9 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

  • debian (29)
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    • +
  • debian edu (29)
    • -
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  • fiksgatami (1)
    • @@ -293,7 +295,7 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

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  • opphavsrett (13)
    • diff --git a/blog/tags/lenker/index.html b/blog/tags/lenker/index.html index 0cd2036964..1e730687ab 100644 --- a/blog/tags/lenker/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/lenker/index.html @@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ Word 2007 hÃ¥ndterer ODF dÃ¥rlig
  • June (14)
    • +
  • July (1)
    • +
  • 2009 @@ -143,9 +145,9 @@ Word 2007 hÃ¥ndterer ODF dÃ¥rlig
  • debian (29)
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    • +
  • debian edu (29)
    • -
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    • +
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  • fiksgatami (1)
    • @@ -163,7 +165,7 @@ Word 2007 hÃ¥ndterer ODF dÃ¥rlig
  • norsk (69)
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  • opphavsrett (13)
    • diff --git a/blog/tags/ltsp/index.html b/blog/tags/ltsp/index.html index 219dc639a4..d5712df61e 100644 --- a/blog/tags/ltsp/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/ltsp/index.html @@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ of these cards.

  • June (14)
    • +
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    • +
  • 2009 @@ -139,9 +141,9 @@ of these cards.

  • debian (29)
    • -
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    • +
  • debian edu (29)
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  • fiksgatami (1)
    • @@ -159,7 +161,7 @@ of these cards.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/multimedia/index.html b/blog/tags/multimedia/index.html index fd34cf5156..3da35b669c 100644 --- a/blog/tags/multimedia/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/multimedia/index.html @@ -306,6 +306,8 @@ politidirektoratet om patentproblemer i Theora).

  • June (14)
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  • 2009 @@ -363,9 +365,9 @@ politidirektoratet om patentproblemer i Theora).

  • debian (29)
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    • +
  • debian edu (29)
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  • fiksgatami (1)
    • @@ -383,7 +385,7 @@ politidirektoratet om patentproblemer i Theora).

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/norsk/index.html b/blog/tags/norsk/index.html index f127ce76cc..261c2f6cdd 100644 --- a/blog/tags/norsk/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/norsk/index.html @@ -3528,6 +3528,8 @@ hÃ¥ndheves strengt.

  • June (14)
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  • debian (29)
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    • +
  • debian edu (29)
    • -
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  • fiksgatami (1)
    • @@ -3605,7 +3607,7 @@ hÃ¥ndheves strengt.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/nuug/index.html b/blog/tags/nuug/index.html index 2119ee75aa..1876607c2b 100644 --- a/blog/tags/nuug/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/nuug/index.html @@ -4278,6 +4278,226 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

    +
    + +
    +
    + Caching password, user and group on a roaming Debian laptop +
    +
    + 2010-07-01 11:40 +
    + +
    + +

    For a laptop, centralized user directories and password checking is +a bit troubling. Laptops are typically used also when not connected +to the network, and it is vital for a user to be able to log in or +unlock the screen saver also when a central server is unavailable. +This is possible by caching passwords and directory information (user +and group attributes) locally, and the packages to do so are available +in Debian. Here follow two recipes to set this up in Debian/Squeeze. +It is also possible to set up in Debian/Lenny, but require more manual +setup there because pam-auth-update is missing in Lenny.

    + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + nscd + libpam-ccreds + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir

    + +This is the traditional method with a twist. The password caching is +provided by libpam-ccreds (version 10-4 or later is needed on +Squeeze), and the directory caching is done by nscd. The directory +lookup and password checking is done using LDAP. If one want to use +Kerberos for password checking the libpam-ldapd package can be +replaced with libpam-krb5 or libpam-heimdal. If one is happy having a +local home directory with the path listed in LDAP, one can use the +pam_mkhomedir module from pam-modules to make this happen instead of +using libpam-mklocaluser. A setup for pam-auth-update to enable +pam_mkhomedir will have to be written until a fix for +bug #568577 is in the +archive. Because I believe it is a bad idea to have local home +directories using misleading paths like /site/server/partition/, I +prefer to create a local user with the home directory in /home/. This +is done using the libpam-mklocaluser package.

    + +

    These packages need to be installed and configured

    + +
    +libnss-ldapd libpam-ldapd nscd libpam-ccreds libpam-mklocaluser
+
    + +

    The ldapd packages will ask for LDAP connection information, and +one have to fill in the values that fits ones own site. Make sure the +PAM part uses encrypted connections, to make sure the password is not +sent in clear text to the LDAP server. I've been unable to get TLS +certificate checking for a self signed certificate working, which make +LDAP authentication unsafe for Debian Edu (nslcd is not checking if it +is talking to the correct LDAP server), and very much welcome feedback +on how to get this working.

    + +

    Because nscd do not have a default configuration fit for offline +caching until bug #485282 +is fixed, this configuration should be used instead of the one +currently in /etc/nscd.conf. The changes are in the fields +reload-count and positive-time-to-live, and is based on the +instructions I found in the +LDAP for Mobile Laptops +instructions by Flyn Computing.

    + +
    +	debug-level		0
+	reload-count		unlimited
+	paranoia		no
+
+	enable-cache		passwd		yes
+	positive-time-to-live	passwd		2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	passwd		20
+	suggested-size		passwd		211
+	check-files		passwd		yes
+	persistent		passwd		yes
+	shared			passwd		yes
+	max-db-size		passwd		33554432
+	auto-propagate		passwd		yes
+
+	enable-cache		group		yes
+	positive-time-to-live	group		2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	group		20
+	suggested-size		group		211
+	check-files		group		yes
+	persistent		group		yes
+	shared			group		yes
+	max-db-size		group		33554432
+	auto-propagate		group		yes
+
+	enable-cache		hosts		no
+	positive-time-to-live	hosts		2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	hosts		20
+	suggested-size		hosts		211
+	check-files		hosts		yes
+	persistent		hosts		yes
+	shared			hosts		yes
+	max-db-size		hosts		33554432
+
+	enable-cache		services	yes
+	positive-time-to-live	services	2592000
+	negative-time-to-live	services	20
+	suggested-size		services	211
+	check-files		services	yes
+	persistent		services	yes
+	shared			services	yes
+	max-db-size		services	33554432
+
    + +

    While we wait for a mechanism to update /etc/nsswitch.conf +automatically like the one provided in +bug #496915, the file +content need to be manually replaced to ensure LDAP is used as the +directory service on the machine. /etc/nsswitch.conf should normally +look like this:

    + +
    +passwd:         files ldap
+group:          files ldap
+shadow:         files ldap
+hosts:          files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4
+networks:       files
+protocols:      files
+services:       files
+ethers:         files
+rpc:            files
+netgroup:       files ldap
+
    + +

    The important parts are that ldap is listed last for passwd, group, +shadow and netgroup.

    + +

    With these changes in place, any user in LDAP will be able to log +in locally on the machine using for example kdm, get a local home +directory created and have the password as well as user and group +attributes cached. + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + nss-updatedb + libpam-ccreds + + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir

    + +

    Because nscd have had its share of problems, and seem to have +problems doing proper caching, I've seen suggestions and recipes to +use nss-updatedb to copy parts of the LDAP database locally when the +LDAP database is available. I have not tested such setup, because I +discovered sssd.

    + +

    LDAP/Kerberos + sssd + libpam-mklocaluser

    + +

    A more flexible and robust setup than the nscd combination +mentioned earlier that has shown up recently, is the +sssd package from Redhat. +It is part of the FreeIPA project +to provide a Active Directory like directory service for Linux +machines. The sssd system combines the caching of passwords and user +information into one package, and remove the need for nscd and +libpam-ccreds. It support LDAP and Kerberos, but not NIS. Version +1.2 do not support netgroups, but it is said that it will support this +in version 1.5 expected to show up later in 2010. Because the +sssd package +was missing in Debian, I ended up co-maintaining it with Werner, and +version 1.2 is now in testing. + +

    These packages need to be installed and configured to get the +roaming setup I want

    + +
    +libpam-sss libnss-sss libpam-mklocaluser
+
    + +The complete setup of sssd is done by editing/creating +/etc/sssd/sssd.conf. + +
    +[sssd]
+config_file_version = 2
+reconnection_retries = 3
+sbus_timeout = 30
+services = nss, pam
+domains = INTERN
+
+[nss]
+filter_groups = root
+filter_users = root
+reconnection_retries = 3
+
+[pam]
+reconnection_retries = 3
+
+[domain/INTERN]
+enumerate = false
+cache_credentials = true
+
+id_provider = ldap
+auth_provider = ldap
+chpass_provider = ldap
+
+ldap_uri = ldap://ldap
+ldap_search_base = dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
+ldap_tls_reqcert = never
+ldap_tls_cacert = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
+
    + +

    I got the same problem here with certificate checking. Had to set +"ldap_tls_reqcert = never" to get it working.

    + +

    With the libnss-sss package in testing at the moment, the +nsswitch.conf file is update automatically, so there is no need to +modify it manually.

    + +

    If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu, +please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.

    + +
    +
    + + + + Tags: debian edu, english, nuug. + +
    +

    RSS Feed

    @@ -4305,6 +4525,8 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

  • June (14)
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    • +
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    • @@ -4382,7 +4604,7 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/nuug/nuug.rss b/blog/tags/nuug/nuug.rss index 5be01db2a7..db35b2fc82 100644 --- a/blog/tags/nuug/nuug.rss +++ b/blog/tags/nuug/nuug.rss @@ -3238,5 +3238,212 @@ changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.</p> + + Caching password, user and group on a roaming Debian laptop + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Caching_password__user_and_group_on_a_roaming_Debian_laptop.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Caching_password__user_and_group_on_a_roaming_Debian_laptop.html + Thu, 1 Jul 2010 11:40:00 +0200 + +<p>For a laptop, centralized user directories and password checking is +a bit troubling. Laptops are typically used also when not connected +to the network, and it is vital for a user to be able to log in or +unlock the screen saver also when a central server is unavailable. +This is possible by caching passwords and directory information (user +and group attributes) locally, and the packages to do so are available +in Debian. Here follow two recipes to set this up in Debian/Squeeze. +It is also possible to set up in Debian/Lenny, but require more manual +setup there because pam-auth-update is missing in Lenny.</p> + +<h2>LDAP/Kerberos + nscd + libpam-ccreds + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir</h2> + +This is the traditional method with a twist. The password caching is +provided by libpam-ccreds (version 10-4 or later is needed on +Squeeze), and the directory caching is done by nscd. The directory +lookup and password checking is done using LDAP. If one want to use +Kerberos for password checking the libpam-ldapd package can be +replaced with libpam-krb5 or libpam-heimdal. If one is happy having a +local home directory with the path listed in LDAP, one can use the +pam_mkhomedir module from pam-modules to make this happen instead of +using libpam-mklocaluser. A setup for pam-auth-update to enable +pam_mkhomedir will have to be written until a fix for +<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/568577">bug #568577</a> is in the +archive. Because I believe it is a bad idea to have local home +directories using misleading paths like /site/server/partition/, I +prefer to create a local user with the home directory in /home/. This +is done using the libpam-mklocaluser package.</p> + +<p>These packages need to be installed and configured</p> + +<blockquote><pre> +libnss-ldapd libpam-ldapd nscd libpam-ccreds libpam-mklocaluser +</pre></blockquote> + +<p>The ldapd packages will ask for LDAP connection information, and +one have to fill in the values that fits ones own site. Make sure the +PAM part uses encrypted connections, to make sure the password is not +sent in clear text to the LDAP server. I've been unable to get TLS +certificate checking for a self signed certificate working, which make +LDAP authentication unsafe for Debian Edu (nslcd is not checking if it +is talking to the correct LDAP server), and very much welcome feedback +on how to get this working.</p> + +<p>Because nscd do not have a default configuration fit for offline +caching until <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/485282">bug #485282</a> +is fixed, this configuration should be used instead of the one +currently in /etc/nscd.conf. The changes are in the fields +reload-count and positive-time-to-live, and is based on the +instructions I found in the +<a href="http://www.flyn.org/laptopldap/">LDAP for Mobile Laptops</a> +instructions by Flyn Computing.</p> + +<blockquote><pre> + debug-level 0 + reload-count unlimited + paranoia no + + enable-cache passwd yes + positive-time-to-live passwd 2592000 + negative-time-to-live passwd 20 + suggested-size passwd 211 + check-files passwd yes + persistent passwd yes + shared passwd yes + max-db-size passwd 33554432 + auto-propagate passwd yes + + enable-cache group yes + positive-time-to-live group 2592000 + negative-time-to-live group 20 + suggested-size group 211 + check-files group yes + persistent group yes + shared group yes + max-db-size group 33554432 + auto-propagate group yes + + enable-cache hosts no + positive-time-to-live hosts 2592000 + negative-time-to-live hosts 20 + suggested-size hosts 211 + check-files hosts yes + persistent hosts yes + shared hosts yes + max-db-size hosts 33554432 + + enable-cache services yes + positive-time-to-live services 2592000 + negative-time-to-live services 20 + suggested-size services 211 + check-files services yes + persistent services yes + shared services yes + max-db-size services 33554432 +</pre></blockquote> + +<p>While we wait for a mechanism to update /etc/nsswitch.conf +automatically like the one provided in +<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/496915">bug #496915</a>, the file +content need to be manually replaced to ensure LDAP is used as the +directory service on the machine. /etc/nsswitch.conf should normally +look like this:</p> + +<blockquote><pre> +passwd: files ldap +group: files ldap +shadow: files ldap +hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4 +networks: files +protocols: files +services: files +ethers: files +rpc: files +netgroup: files ldap +</pre></blockquote> + +<p>The important parts are that ldap is listed last for passwd, group, +shadow and netgroup.</p> + +<p>With these changes in place, any user in LDAP will be able to log +in locally on the machine using for example kdm, get a local home +directory created and have the password as well as user and group +attributes cached. + +<h2>LDAP/Kerberos + nss-updatedb + libpam-ccreds + + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir</h2> + +<p>Because nscd have had its share of problems, and seem to have +problems doing proper caching, I've seen suggestions and recipes to +use nss-updatedb to copy parts of the LDAP database locally when the +LDAP database is available. I have not tested such setup, because I +discovered sssd.</p> + +<h2>LDAP/Kerberos + sssd + libpam-mklocaluser</h2> + +<p>A more flexible and robust setup than the nscd combination +mentioned earlier that has shown up recently, is the +<a href="https://fedorahosted.org/sssd/">sssd</a> package from Redhat. +It is part of the <a href="http://www.freeipa.org/">FreeIPA</A> project +to provide a Active Directory like directory service for Linux +machines. The sssd system combines the caching of passwords and user +information into one package, and remove the need for nscd and +libpam-ccreds. It support LDAP and Kerberos, but not NIS. Version +1.2 do not support netgroups, but it is said that it will support this +in version 1.5 expected to show up later in 2010. Because the +<a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sssd.html">sssd package</a> +was missing in Debian, I ended up co-maintaining it with Werner, and +version 1.2 is now in testing. + +<p>These packages need to be installed and configured to get the +roaming setup I want</p> + +<blockquote><pre> +libpam-sss libnss-sss libpam-mklocaluser +</pre></blockquote> + +The complete setup of sssd is done by editing/creating +<tt>/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</tt>. + +<blockquote><pre> +[sssd] +config_file_version = 2 +reconnection_retries = 3 +sbus_timeout = 30 +services = nss, pam +domains = INTERN + +[nss] +filter_groups = root +filter_users = root +reconnection_retries = 3 + +[pam] +reconnection_retries = 3 + +[domain/INTERN] +enumerate = false +cache_credentials = true + +id_provider = ldap +auth_provider = ldap +chpass_provider = ldap + +ldap_uri = ldap://ldap +ldap_search_base = dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no +ldap_tls_reqcert = never +ldap_tls_cacert = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt +</pre></blockquote> + +<p>I got the same problem here with certificate checking. Had to set +"ldap_tls_reqcert = never" to get it working.</p> + +<p>With the libnss-sss package in testing at the moment, the +nsswitch.conf file is update automatically, so there is no need to +modify it manually.</p> + +<p>If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu, +please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.</p> + + + diff --git a/blog/tags/opphavsrett/index.html b/blog/tags/opphavsrett/index.html index cb90a916fd..5e5bada9ca 100644 --- a/blog/tags/opphavsrett/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/opphavsrett/index.html @@ -730,6 +730,8 @@ anstrenge oss for Ã¥ beholde.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/personvern/index.html b/blog/tags/personvern/index.html index 9a98fd3af7..c2b1de908c 100644 --- a/blog/tags/personvern/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/personvern/index.html @@ -671,6 +671,8 @@ hÃ¥ndheves strengt.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/reprap/index.html b/blog/tags/reprap/index.html index 7462aea324..3a3f29d759 100644 --- a/blog/tags/reprap/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/reprap/index.html @@ -523,6 +523,8 @@ kommer til Ã¥ bruke denne plasttypen som hÃ¥ndterer temperaturer mellom
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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/rss/index.html b/blog/tags/rss/index.html index 79fbea21c5..4a6d882552 100644 --- a/blog/tags/rss/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/rss/index.html @@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ forsøk.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/sikkerhet/index.html b/blog/tags/sikkerhet/index.html index cce785423d..42762c0291 100644 --- a/blog/tags/sikkerhet/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/sikkerhet/index.html @@ -605,6 +605,8 @@ anstrenge oss for Ã¥ beholde.

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  • 2009 @@ -662,9 +664,9 @@ anstrenge oss for Ã¥ beholde.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/sitesummary/index.html b/blog/tags/sitesummary/index.html index 6c06eb3101..234387d9d0 100644 --- a/blog/tags/sitesummary/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/sitesummary/index.html @@ -214,6 +214,8 @@ collector.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/standard/index.html b/blog/tags/standard/index.html index 5e520c16d1..04093608f1 100644 --- a/blog/tags/standard/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/standard/index.html @@ -707,6 +707,8 @@ Windows. This is great.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/stavekontroll/index.html b/blog/tags/stavekontroll/index.html index 859e52bbd3..c5e610d3f0 100644 --- a/blog/tags/stavekontroll/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/stavekontroll/index.html @@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ stavekontrollen.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/video/index.html b/blog/tags/video/index.html index 09429b6dca..679f8eb7bb 100644 --- a/blog/tags/video/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/video/index.html @@ -534,6 +534,8 @@ meg, Tollef og alle andre de som deltok pÃ¥ møtet pÃ¥ TV.

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    • diff --git a/blog/tags/vitenskap/index.html b/blog/tags/vitenskap/index.html index 6b7377b5e3..f87cb90410 100644 --- a/blog/tags/vitenskap/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/vitenskap/index.html @@ -136,6 +136,8 @@ skyskrapere. Takke meg til en tur til mÃ¥nen.

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