Petter Reinholdtsen: The many definitions of a open standard

The many definitions of a open standard

2010-12-27 14:45

One of the reasons I like the Digistan definition of +"Free and +Open Standard" is that this is a new term, and thus the meaning of +the term has been decided by Digistan. The term "Open Standard" has +become so misunderstood that it is no longer useful very when talking +about standards. One end up discussing which definition is the best +one and with such frame the only one gaining are the proponents of +de-facto standards and proprietary solutions.

+ +

But to give us an idea about the diversity of definitions of open +standards, here are a few that I know about. This list is not +complete, but can be a starting point for those that want to do a +complete survey. More definitions are available on the +wikipedia +page.

+ +

First off is my favourite, the definition from the European +Interoperability Framework version 1.0. Really sad to notice that BSA +and others has succeeded in getting it removed from version 2.0 of the +framework by stacking the committee drafting the new version with +their own people. Anyway, the definition is still available and it +include the key properties needed to make sure everyone can use a +specification on equal terms.

+ +

+ +
The following are the minimal characteristics that a specification +and its attendant documents must have in order to be considered an +open standard:
+ +
+ +
The standard is adopted and will be maintained by a not-for-profit +organisation, and its ongoing development occurs on the basis of an +open decision-making procedure available to all interested parties +(consensus or majority decision etc.).
+ +
The standard has been published and the standard specification +document is available either freely or at a nominal charge. It must be +permissible to all to copy, distribute and use it for no fee or at a +nominal fee.
+ +
The intellectual property - i.e. patents possibly present - of +(parts of) the standard is made irrevocably available on a royalty- +free basis.
+ +
There are no constraints on the re-use of the standard.
+ +
+

+ +

Another one originates from by friends over at +DKUUG, who coined and gathered +support for this +definition in 2004. It even made it into the Danish parlament as +their +definition of a open standard. Another from a different part of +the Danish government is available from the wikipedia page.

+ +

+ +
En Ã¥ben standard opfylder fÃ¸lgende krav:
+ +
+ +
Veldokumenteret med den fuldstÃ¦ndige specifikation offentligt +tilgÃ¦ngelig.
+ +
Frit implementerbar uden Ã¸konomiske, politiske eller juridiske +begrÃ¦nsninger pÃ¥ implementation og anvendelse.
+ +
Standardiseret og vedligeholdt i et Ã¥bent forum (en sÃ¥kaldt +"standardiseringsorganisation") via en Ã¥ben proces.
+ +
+ +

+ +

Then there is the +definition from Free Software Foundation Europe.

+ +

+ +
An Open Standard refers to a format or protocol that is
+ +
+ +
subject to full public assessment and use without constraints in a +manner equally available to all parties;
+ +
without any components or extensions that have dependencies on +formats or protocols that do not meet the definition of an Open +Standard themselves;
+ +
free from legal or technical clauses that limit its utilisation by +any party or in any business model;
+ +
managed and further developed independently of any single vendor +in a process open to the equal participation of competitors and third +parties;
+ +
available in multiple complete implementations by competing +vendors, or as a complete implementation equally available to all +parties.
+ +
+ +

+ +

A long time ago, SUN Microsystems, now bought by Oracle, created +its +Open +Standards Checklist with a fairly detailed description.

+ +

+
Creation and Management of an Open Standard + +
+ +
Its development and management process must be collaborative and + democratic: + +
+ +
Participation must be accessible to all those who wish to + participate and can meet fair and reasonable criteria + imposed by the organization under which it is developed + and managed.
+ +
The processes must be documented and, through a known + method, can be changed through input from all + participants.
+ +
The process must be based on formal and binding commitments for + the disclosure and licensing of intellectual property rights.
+ +
Development and management should strive for consensus, + and an appeals process must be clearly outlined.
+ +
The standard specification must be open to extensive + public review at least once in its life-cycle, with + comments duly discussed and acted upon, if required.
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
Use and Licensing of an Open Standard
+
+ +
The standard must describe an interface, not an implementation, + and the industry must be capable of creating multiple, competing + implementations to the interface described in the standard without + undue or restrictive constraints. Interfaces include APIs, + protocols, schemas, data formats and their encoding.
+ +
The standard must not contain any proprietary "hooks" that create + a technical or economic barriers
+ +
Faithful implementations of the standard must + interoperate. Interoperability means the ability of a computer + program to communicate and exchange information with other computer + programs and mutually to use the information which has been + exchanged. This includes the ability to use, convert, or exchange + file formats, protocols, schemas, interface information or + conventions, so as to permit the computer program to work with other + computer programs and users in all the ways in which they are + intended to function.
+ +
It must be permissible for anyone to copy, distribute and read the + standard for a nominal fee, or even no fee. If there is a fee, it + must be low enough to not preclude widespread use.
+ +
It must be possible for anyone to obtain free (no royalties or + fees; also known as "royalty free"), worldwide, non-exclusive and + perpetual licenses to all essential patent claims to make, use and + sell products based on the standard. The only exceptions are + terminations per the reciprocity and defensive suspension terms + outlined below. Essential patent claims include pending, unpublished + patents, published patents, and patent applications. The license is + only for the exact scope of the standard in question. + +
+ +
May be conditioned only on reciprocal licenses to any of + licensees' patent claims essential to practice that standard + (also known as a reciprocity clause)
+ +
May be terminated as to any licensee who sues the licensor + or any other licensee for infringement of patent claims + essential to practice that standard (also known as a + "defensive suspension" clause)
+ +
The same licensing terms are available to every potential + licensor
+ +
+
+ +
The licensing terms of an open standards must not preclude + implementations of that standard under open source licensing terms + or restricted licensing terms
+ +
+ +

+ +

It is said that one of the nice things about standards is that +there are so many of them. As you can see, the same holds true for +open standard definitions. Most of the definitions have a lot in +common, and it is not really controversial what properties a open +standard should have, but the diversity of definitions have made it +possible for those that want to avoid a level marked field and real +competition to downplay the significance of open standards. I hope we +can turn this tide by focusing on the advantages of Free and Open +Standards.

+ +

Tags: english, standard.

+ +

+ The many definitions of a open standard +

+ 2010-12-27 14:45 +

+ +

+ +
The following are the minimal characteristics that a specification +and its attendant documents must have in order to be considered an +open standard:
+ +
+ +
The standard is adopted and will be maintained by a not-for-profit +organisation, and its ongoing development occurs on the basis of an +open decision-making procedure available to all interested parties +(consensus or majority decision etc.).
+ +
The standard has been published and the standard specification +document is available either freely or at a nominal charge. It must be +permissible to all to copy, distribute and use it for no fee or at a +nominal fee.
+ +
The intellectual property - i.e. patents possibly present - of +(parts of) the standard is made irrevocably available on a royalty- +free basis.
+ +
There are no constraints on the re-use of the standard.
+ +
+

+ +

+ +
En Ã¥ben standard opfylder fÃ¸lgende krav:
+ +
+ +
Veldokumenteret med den fuldstÃ¦ndige specifikation offentligt +tilgÃ¦ngelig.
+ +
Frit implementerbar uden Ã¸konomiske, politiske eller juridiske +begrÃ¦nsninger pÃ¥ implementation og anvendelse.
+ +
Standardiseret og vedligeholdt i et Ã¥bent forum (en sÃ¥kaldt +"standardiseringsorganisation") via en Ã¥ben proces.
+ +
+ +

+ +

Then there is the +definition from Free Software Foundation Europe.

+ +

+ +
An Open Standard refers to a format or protocol that is
+ +
+ +
subject to full public assessment and use without constraints in a +manner equally available to all parties;
+ +
without any components or extensions that have dependencies on +formats or protocols that do not meet the definition of an Open +Standard themselves;
+ +
free from legal or technical clauses that limit its utilisation by +any party or in any business model;
+ +
managed and further developed independently of any single vendor +in a process open to the equal participation of competitors and third +parties;
+ +
available in multiple complete implementations by competing +vendors, or as a complete implementation equally available to all +parties.
+ +
+ +

+ +

A long time ago, SUN Microsystems, now bought by Oracle, created +its +Open +Standards Checklist with a fairly detailed description.

+ +

+
Creation and Management of an Open Standard + +
+ +
Its development and management process must be collaborative and + democratic: + +
+ +
Participation must be accessible to all those who wish to + participate and can meet fair and reasonable criteria + imposed by the organization under which it is developed + and managed.
+ +
The processes must be documented and, through a known + method, can be changed through input from all + participants.
+ +
The process must be based on formal and binding commitments for + the disclosure and licensing of intellectual property rights.
+ +
Development and management should strive for consensus, + and an appeals process must be clearly outlined.
+ +
The standard specification must be open to extensive + public review at least once in its life-cycle, with + comments duly discussed and acted upon, if required.
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
Use and Licensing of an Open Standard
+
+ +
The standard must describe an interface, not an implementation, + and the industry must be capable of creating multiple, competing + implementations to the interface described in the standard without + undue or restrictive constraints. Interfaces include APIs, + protocols, schemas, data formats and their encoding.
+ +
The standard must not contain any proprietary "hooks" that create + a technical or economic barriers
+ +
Faithful implementations of the standard must + interoperate. Interoperability means the ability of a computer + program to communicate and exchange information with other computer + programs and mutually to use the information which has been + exchanged. This includes the ability to use, convert, or exchange + file formats, protocols, schemas, interface information or + conventions, so as to permit the computer program to work with other + computer programs and users in all the ways in which they are + intended to function.
+ +
It must be permissible for anyone to copy, distribute and read the + standard for a nominal fee, or even no fee. If there is a fee, it + must be low enough to not preclude widespread use.
+ +
It must be possible for anyone to obtain free (no royalties or + fees; also known as "royalty free"), worldwide, non-exclusive and + perpetual licenses to all essential patent claims to make, use and + sell products based on the standard. The only exceptions are + terminations per the reciprocity and defensive suspension terms + outlined below. Essential patent claims include pending, unpublished + patents, published patents, and patent applications. The license is + only for the exact scope of the standard in question. + +
+ +
May be conditioned only on reciprocal licenses to any of + licensees' patent claims essential to practice that standard + (also known as a reciprocity clause)
+ +
May be terminated as to any licensee who sues the licensor + or any other licensee for infringement of patent claims + essential to practice that standard (also known as a + "defensive suspension" clause)
+ +
The same licensing terms are available to every potential + licensor
+ +
+
+ +
The licensing terms of an open standards must not preclude + implementations of that standard under open source licensing terms + or restricted licensing terms
+ +
+ +

+ +

+ + + + Tags: english, standard. + +

The many definitions of a open standard

2010-12-27 14:45

+ +

+ +
The following are the minimal characteristics that a specification +and its attendant documents must have in order to be considered an +open standard:
+ +
+ +
The standard is adopted and will be maintained by a not-for-profit +organisation, and its ongoing development occurs on the basis of an +open decision-making procedure available to all interested parties +(consensus or majority decision etc.).
+ +
The standard has been published and the standard specification +document is available either freely or at a nominal charge. It must be +permissible to all to copy, distribute and use it for no fee or at a +nominal fee.
+ +
The intellectual property - i.e. patents possibly present - of +(parts of) the standard is made irrevocably available on a royalty- +free basis.
+ +
There are no constraints on the re-use of the standard.
+ +
+

+ +

+ +
En Ã¥ben standard opfylder fÃ¸lgende krav:
+ +
+ +
Veldokumenteret med den fuldstÃ¦ndige specifikation offentligt +tilgÃ¦ngelig.
+ +
Frit implementerbar uden Ã¸konomiske, politiske eller juridiske +begrÃ¦nsninger pÃ¥ implementation og anvendelse.
+ +
Standardiseret og vedligeholdt i et Ã¥bent forum (en sÃ¥kaldt +"standardiseringsorganisation") via en Ã¥ben proces.
+ +
+ +

+ +

Then there is the +definition from Free Software Foundation Europe.

+ +

+ +
An Open Standard refers to a format or protocol that is
+ +
+ +
subject to full public assessment and use without constraints in a +manner equally available to all parties;
+ +
without any components or extensions that have dependencies on +formats or protocols that do not meet the definition of an Open +Standard themselves;
+ +
free from legal or technical clauses that limit its utilisation by +any party or in any business model;
+ +
managed and further developed independently of any single vendor +in a process open to the equal participation of competitors and third +parties;
+ +
available in multiple complete implementations by competing +vendors, or as a complete implementation equally available to all +parties.
+ +
+ +

+ +

A long time ago, SUN Microsystems, now bought by Oracle, created +its +Open +Standards Checklist with a fairly detailed description.

+ +

+
Creation and Management of an Open Standard + +
+ +
Its development and management process must be collaborative and + democratic: + +
+ +
Participation must be accessible to all those who wish to + participate and can meet fair and reasonable criteria + imposed by the organization under which it is developed + and managed.
+ +
The processes must be documented and, through a known + method, can be changed through input from all + participants.
+ +
The process must be based on formal and binding commitments for + the disclosure and licensing of intellectual property rights.
+ +
Development and management should strive for consensus, + and an appeals process must be clearly outlined.
+ +
The standard specification must be open to extensive + public review at least once in its life-cycle, with + comments duly discussed and acted upon, if required.
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
Use and Licensing of an Open Standard
+
+ +
The standard must describe an interface, not an implementation, + and the industry must be capable of creating multiple, competing + implementations to the interface described in the standard without + undue or restrictive constraints. Interfaces include APIs, + protocols, schemas, data formats and their encoding.
+ +
The standard must not contain any proprietary "hooks" that create + a technical or economic barriers
+ +
Faithful implementations of the standard must + interoperate. Interoperability means the ability of a computer + program to communicate and exchange information with other computer + programs and mutually to use the information which has been + exchanged. This includes the ability to use, convert, or exchange + file formats, protocols, schemas, interface information or + conventions, so as to permit the computer program to work with other + computer programs and users in all the ways in which they are + intended to function.
+ +
It must be permissible for anyone to copy, distribute and read the + standard for a nominal fee, or even no fee. If there is a fee, it + must be low enough to not preclude widespread use.
+ +
It must be possible for anyone to obtain free (no royalties or + fees; also known as "royalty free"), worldwide, non-exclusive and + perpetual licenses to all essential patent claims to make, use and + sell products based on the standard. The only exceptions are + terminations per the reciprocity and defensive suspension terms + outlined below. Essential patent claims include pending, unpublished + patents, published patents, and patent applications. The license is + only for the exact scope of the standard in question. + +
+ +
May be conditioned only on reciprocal licenses to any of + licensees' patent claims essential to practice that standard + (also known as a reciprocity clause)
+ +
May be terminated as to any licensee who sues the licensor + or any other licensee for infringement of patent claims + essential to practice that standard (also known as a + "defensive suspension" clause)
+ +
The same licensing terms are available to every potential + licensor
+ +
+
+ +
The licensing terms of an open standards must not preclude + implementations of that standard under open source licensing terms + or restricted licensing terms
+ +
+ +

+ +

+ + + + Tags: english, standard. + +

@@ -879,7 +1078,7 @@ very cool 3D scanner.

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@@ -942,7 +1141,7 @@ very cool 3D scanner.

@@ -976,7 +1175,7 @@ very cool 3D scanner.

diff --git a/blog/index.rss b/blog/index.rss index ea93cd93f9..b34ed8c149 100644 --- a/blog/index.rss +++ b/blog/index.rss @@ -6,6 +6,233 @@ http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/ + + The many definitions of a open standard + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_many_definitions_of_a_open_standard.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_many_definitions_of_a_open_standard.html + Mon, 27 Dec 2010 14:45:00 +0100 + +One of the reasons I like the Digistan definition of +"<a href="http://www.digistan.org/open-standard:definition">Free and +Open Standard</a>" is that this is a new term, and thus the meaning of +the term has been decided by Digistan. The term "Open Standard" has +become so misunderstood that it is no longer useful very when talking +about standards. One end up discussing which definition is the best +one and with such frame the only one gaining are the proponents of +de-facto standards and proprietary solutions. + +But to give us an idea about the diversity of definitions of open +standards, here are a few that I know about. This list is not +complete, but can be a starting point for those that want to do a +complete survey. More definitions are available on the +<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standard">wikipedia +page</a>. + +First off is my favourite, the definition from the European +Interoperability Framework version 1.0. Really sad to notice that BSA +and others has succeeded in getting it removed from version 2.0 of the +framework by stacking the committee drafting the new version with +their own people. Anyway, the definition is still available and it +include the key properties needed to make sure everyone can use a +specification on equal terms. + +<blockquote> + +The following are the minimal characteristics that a specification +and its attendant documents must have in order to be considered an +open standard: + +<ul> + +<li>The standard is adopted and will be maintained by a not-for-profit +organisation, and its ongoing development occurs on the basis of an +open decision-making procedure available to all interested parties +(consensus or majority decision etc.).</li> + +<li>The standard has been published and the standard specification +document is available either freely or at a nominal charge. It must be +permissible to all to copy, distribute and use it for no fee or at a +nominal fee.</li> + +<li>The intellectual property - i.e. patents possibly present - of +(parts of) the standard is made irrevocably available on a royalty- +free basis.</li> + +<li>There are no constraints on the re-use of the standard.</li> + +</ul> +</blockquote> + +Another one originates from by friends over at +<a href="http://www.dkuug.dk/">DKUUG</a>, who coined and gathered +support for <a href="http://www.aaben-standard.dk/">this +definition</a> in 2004. It even made it into the Danish parlament as +<a href="http://www.ft.dk/dokumenter/tingdok.aspx?/samling/20051/beslutningsforslag/B103/som_fremsat.htm">their +definition of a open standard</a>. Another from a different part of +the Danish government is available from the wikipedia page. + +<blockquote> + +En Ã¥ben standard opfylder fÃ¸lgende krav: + +<ol> + +<li>Veldokumenteret med den fuldstÃ¦ndige specifikation offentligt +tilgÃ¦ngelig.</li> + +<li>Frit implementerbar uden Ã¸konomiske, politiske eller juridiske +begrÃ¦nsninger pÃ¥ implementation og anvendelse.</li> + +<li>Standardiseret og vedligeholdt i et Ã¥bent forum (en sÃ¥kaldt +"standardiseringsorganisation") via en Ã¥ben proces.</li> + +</ol> + +</blockquote> + +Then there is <a href="http://www.fsfe.org/projects/os/def.html">the +definition</a> from Free Software Foundation Europe. + +<blockquote> + +An Open Standard refers to a format or protocol that is + +<ol> + +<li>subject to full public assessment and use without constraints in a +manner equally available to all parties;</li> + +<li>without any components or extensions that have dependencies on +formats or protocols that do not meet the definition of an Open +Standard themselves;</li> + +<li>free from legal or technical clauses that limit its utilisation by +any party or in any business model;</li> + +<li>managed and further developed independently of any single vendor +in a process open to the equal participation of competitors and third +parties;</li> + +<li>available in multiple complete implementations by competing +vendors, or as a complete implementation equally available to all +parties.</li> + +</ol> + +</blockquote> + +A long time ago, SUN Microsystems, now bought by Oracle, created +its +<a href="http://blogs.sun.com/dennisding/resource/Open%20Standard%20Definition.pdf">Open +Standards Checklist</a> with a fairly detailed description. + +<blockquote> +Creation and Management of an Open Standard + +<ul> + +<li>Its development and management process must be collaborative and + democratic: + + <ul> + + <li>Participation must be accessible to all those who wish to + participate and can meet fair and reasonable criteria + imposed by the organization under which it is developed + and managed.</li> + + <li>The processes must be documented and, through a known + method, can be changed through input from all + participants.</li> + + <li>The process must be based on formal and binding commitments for + the disclosure and licensing of intellectual property rights.</li> + + <li>Development and management should strive for consensus, + and an appeals process must be clearly outlined.</li> + + <li>The standard specification must be open to extensive + public review at least once in its life-cycle, with + comments duly discussed and acted upon, if required.</li> + + </ul> + +</li> + +</ul> + +Use and Licensing of an Open Standard +<ul> + +<li>The standard must describe an interface, not an implementation, + and the industry must be capable of creating multiple, competing + implementations to the interface described in the standard without + undue or restrictive constraints. Interfaces include APIs, + protocols, schemas, data formats and their encoding.</li> + +<li> The standard must not contain any proprietary "hooks" that create + a technical or economic barriers</li> + +<li>Faithful implementations of the standard must + interoperate. Interoperability means the ability of a computer + program to communicate and exchange information with other computer + programs and mutually to use the information which has been + exchanged. This includes the ability to use, convert, or exchange + file formats, protocols, schemas, interface information or + conventions, so as to permit the computer program to work with other + computer programs and users in all the ways in which they are + intended to function.</li> + +<li>It must be permissible for anyone to copy, distribute and read the + standard for a nominal fee, or even no fee. If there is a fee, it + must be low enough to not preclude widespread use.</li> + +<li>It must be possible for anyone to obtain free (no royalties or + fees; also known as "royalty free"), worldwide, non-exclusive and + perpetual licenses to all essential patent claims to make, use and + sell products based on the standard. The only exceptions are + terminations per the reciprocity and defensive suspension terms + outlined below. Essential patent claims include pending, unpublished + patents, published patents, and patent applications. The license is + only for the exact scope of the standard in question. + + <ul> + + <li> May be conditioned only on reciprocal licenses to any of + licensees' patent claims essential to practice that standard + (also known as a reciprocity clause)</li> + + <li> May be terminated as to any licensee who sues the licensor + or any other licensee for infringement of patent claims + essential to practice that standard (also known as a + "defensive suspension" clause)</li> + + <li> The same licensing terms are available to every potential + licensor</li> + + </ul> +</li> + +<li>The licensing terms of an open standards must not preclude + implementations of that standard under open source licensing terms + or restricted licensing terms</li> + +</ul> + +</blockquote> + +It is said that one of the nice things about standards is that +there are so many of them. As you can see, the same holds true for +open standard definitions. Most of the definitions have a lot in +common, and it is not really controversial what properties a open +standard should have, but the diversity of definitions have made it +possible for those that want to avoid a level marked field and real +competition to downplay the significance of open standards. I hope we +can turn this tide by focusing on the advantages of Free and Open +Standards. + + + Is Ogg Theora a free and open standard? http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Is_Ogg_Theora_a_free_and_open_standard_.html @@ -742,33 +969,5 @@ fÃ¥r snart se om det stemmer. - - Student group continue the work on my Reprap 3D printer - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Student_group_continue_the_work_on_my_Reprap_3D_printer.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Student_group_continue_the_work_on_my_Reprap_3D_printer.html - Thu, 9 Dec 2010 19:30:00 +0100 - -A few days ago, I was introduces to some students in the robot -student assosiation <a href="http://www.robotica.no/">Robotica -Osloensis</a> at the University of Oslo where I work, who planned to -get their own 3D printer. They wanted to learn from me based on my -work in the area. After having a short lunch meeting with them, I -offered them to borrow my reprap kit, as I never had time to complete -the build and this seem unlike to change any time soon. I look -forward to see how this goes. This monday their volunteer driver -picked up my kit and drove it to their lab, and tomorrow I am told the -last exam is over so they can start work on getting the 3D printer -operational. - -The robotic group have already build several robots on their own, -and seem capable of getting the reprap operational. I really look -forward to being able to print all the cool 3D designs published on -<a href="http://www.thingiverse.com/">Thingiverse</a>. I even got -some 3D scans I got made during Dagen@IFI when one of the groups at -the computer science department at the university demonstrated their -very cool 3D scanner. - - - diff --git a/blog/jXplorer__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html b/blog/jXplorer__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html index 8044457eed..09399d0a17 100644 --- a/blog/jXplorer__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html +++ b/blog/jXplorer__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ and remove the failing query. Nothing big, but very annoying.

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@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ and remove the failing query. Nothing big, but very annoying.

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ and remove the failing query. Nothing big, but very annoying.

diff --git a/blog/sitemap.xml b/blog/sitemap.xml index 9ecc183d68..e7abbe261d 100644 --- a/blog/sitemap.xml +++ b/blog/sitemap.xml @@ -850,6 +850,11 @@ 0.50 weekly + + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_many_definitions_of_a_open_standard.html + 0.50 + weekly + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_reply_from_Edgar_Villanueva_to_Microsoft_in_Peru.html 0.50 diff --git a/blog/systemd__an_interesting_alternative_to_upstart.html b/blog/systemd__an_interesting_alternative_to_upstart.html index 11ffbde156..907334d2fd 100644 --- a/blog/systemd__an_interesting_alternative_to_upstart.html +++ b/blog/systemd__an_interesting_alternative_to_upstart.html @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ with parallel booting enabled by default.

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@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ with parallel booting enabled by default.

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ with parallel booting enabled by default.

diff --git a/blog/tags/3d-printer/index.html b/blog/tags/3d-printer/index.html index 1bb10530df..e94ec0f7b5 100644 --- a/blog/tags/3d-printer/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/3d-printer/index.html @@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ very cool 3D scanner.

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@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ very cool 3D scanner.

@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ very cool 3D scanner.

diff --git a/blog/tags/amiga/index.html b/blog/tags/amiga/index.html index c7b49115db..4c38ace0c1 100644 --- a/blog/tags/amiga/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/amiga/index.html @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

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@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

diff --git a/blog/tags/aros/index.html b/blog/tags/aros/index.html index af97dc8172..acbb46bc68 100644 --- a/blog/tags/aros/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/aros/index.html @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

November (13)

December (10)

December (11)

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

diff --git a/blog/tags/bitcoin/index.html b/blog/tags/bitcoin/index.html index 579fd76977..66fa72124e 100644 --- a/blog/tags/bitcoin/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/bitcoin/index.html @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ equally valid for gold, which was used as a currency for many years.

November (13)

December (10)

December (11)

@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ equally valid for gold, which was used as a currency for many years.

@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ equally valid for gold, which was used as a currency for many years.

diff --git a/blog/tags/bootsystem/index.html b/blog/tags/bootsystem/index.html index 0b17d2dd24..2c655bfccb 100644 --- a/blog/tags/bootsystem/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/bootsystem/index.html @@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ packages.

November (13)

December (10)

December (11)

@@ -733,7 +733,7 @@ packages.

@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ packages.

diff --git a/blog/tags/debian edu/index.html b/blog/tags/debian edu/index.html index 04804bada2..b35edfe04d 100644 --- a/blog/tags/debian edu/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/debian edu/index.html @@ -4769,7 +4769,7 @@ RHEL6 with glxgears. No idea why.

November (13)

December (10)

December (11)

@@ -4832,7 +4832,7 @@ RHEL6 with glxgears. No idea why.

@@ -4866,7 +4866,7 @@ RHEL6 with glxgears. No idea why.

diff --git a/blog/tags/debian/index.html b/blog/tags/debian/index.html index cd03a3ffcf..9b385cd6e0 100644 --- a/blog/tags/debian/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/debian/index.html @@ -3721,7 +3721,7 @@ RHEL6 with glxgears. No idea why.

November (13)

December (10)

December (11)

@@ -3784,7 +3784,7 @@ RHEL6 with glxgears. No idea why.

@@ -3818,7 +3818,7 @@ RHEL6 with glxgears. No idea why.

diff --git a/blog/tags/english/english.rss b/blog/tags/english/english.rss index 5e539d76a0..ef59ee24f9 100644 --- a/blog/tags/english/english.rss +++ b/blog/tags/english/english.rss @@ -5518,5 +5518,232 @@ see if they are free and open standards. + + The many definitions of a open standard + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_many_definitions_of_a_open_standard.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_many_definitions_of_a_open_standard.html + Mon, 27 Dec 2010 14:45:00 +0100 + +One of the reasons I like the Digistan definition of +"<a href="http://www.digistan.org/open-standard:definition">Free and +Open Standard</a>" is that this is a new term, and thus the meaning of +the term has been decided by Digistan. The term "Open Standard" has +become so misunderstood that it is no longer useful very when talking +about standards. One end up discussing which definition is the best +one and with such frame the only one gaining are the proponents of +de-facto standards and proprietary solutions. + +But to give us an idea about the diversity of definitions of open +standards, here are a few that I know about. This list is not +complete, but can be a starting point for those that want to do a +complete survey. More definitions are available on the +<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standard">wikipedia +page</a>. + +First off is my favourite, the definition from the European +Interoperability Framework version 1.0. Really sad to notice that BSA +and others has succeeded in getting it removed from version 2.0 of the +framework by stacking the committee drafting the new version with +their own people. Anyway, the definition is still available and it +include the key properties needed to make sure everyone can use a +specification on equal terms. + +<blockquote> + +The following are the minimal characteristics that a specification +and its attendant documents must have in order to be considered an +open standard: + +<ul> + +<li>The standard is adopted and will be maintained by a not-for-profit +organisation, and its ongoing development occurs on the basis of an +open decision-making procedure available to all interested parties +(consensus or majority decision etc.).</li> + +<li>The standard has been published and the standard specification +document is available either freely or at a nominal charge. It must be +permissible to all to copy, distribute and use it for no fee or at a +nominal fee.</li> + +<li>The intellectual property - i.e. patents possibly present - of +(parts of) the standard is made irrevocably available on a royalty- +free basis.</li> + +<li>There are no constraints on the re-use of the standard.</li> + +</ul> +</blockquote> + +Another one originates from by friends over at +<a href="http://www.dkuug.dk/">DKUUG</a>, who coined and gathered +support for <a href="http://www.aaben-standard.dk/">this +definition</a> in 2004. It even made it into the Danish parlament as +<a href="http://www.ft.dk/dokumenter/tingdok.aspx?/samling/20051/beslutningsforslag/B103/som_fremsat.htm">their +definition of a open standard</a>. Another from a different part of +the Danish government is available from the wikipedia page. + +<blockquote> + +En Ã¥ben standard opfylder fÃ¸lgende krav: + +<ol> + +<li>Veldokumenteret med den fuldstÃ¦ndige specifikation offentligt +tilgÃ¦ngelig.</li> + +<li>Frit implementerbar uden Ã¸konomiske, politiske eller juridiske +begrÃ¦nsninger pÃ¥ implementation og anvendelse.</li> + +<li>Standardiseret og vedligeholdt i et Ã¥bent forum (en sÃ¥kaldt +"standardiseringsorganisation") via en Ã¥ben proces.</li> + +</ol> + +</blockquote> + +Then there is <a href="http://www.fsfe.org/projects/os/def.html">the +definition</a> from Free Software Foundation Europe. + +<blockquote> + +An Open Standard refers to a format or protocol that is + +<ol> + +<li>subject to full public assessment and use without constraints in a +manner equally available to all parties;</li> + +<li>without any components or extensions that have dependencies on +formats or protocols that do not meet the definition of an Open +Standard themselves;</li> + +<li>free from legal or technical clauses that limit its utilisation by +any party or in any business model;</li> + +<li>managed and further developed independently of any single vendor +in a process open to the equal participation of competitors and third +parties;</li> + +<li>available in multiple complete implementations by competing +vendors, or as a complete implementation equally available to all +parties.</li> + +</ol> + +</blockquote> + +A long time ago, SUN Microsystems, now bought by Oracle, created +its +<a href="http://blogs.sun.com/dennisding/resource/Open%20Standard%20Definition.pdf">Open +Standards Checklist</a> with a fairly detailed description. + +<blockquote> +Creation and Management of an Open Standard + +<ul> + +<li>Its development and management process must be collaborative and + democratic: + + <ul> + + <li>Participation must be accessible to all those who wish to + participate and can meet fair and reasonable criteria + imposed by the organization under which it is developed + and managed.</li> + + <li>The processes must be documented and, through a known + method, can be changed through input from all + participants.</li> + + <li>The process must be based on formal and binding commitments for + the disclosure and licensing of intellectual property rights.</li> + + <li>Development and management should strive for consensus, + and an appeals process must be clearly outlined.</li> + + <li>The standard specification must be open to extensive + public review at least once in its life-cycle, with + comments duly discussed and acted upon, if required.</li> + + </ul> + +</li> + +</ul> + +Use and Licensing of an Open Standard +<ul> + +<li>The standard must describe an interface, not an implementation, + and the industry must be capable of creating multiple, competing + implementations to the interface described in the standard without + undue or restrictive constraints. Interfaces include APIs, + protocols, schemas, data formats and their encoding.</li> + +<li> The standard must not contain any proprietary "hooks" that create + a technical or economic barriers</li> + +<li>Faithful implementations of the standard must + interoperate. Interoperability means the ability of a computer + program to communicate and exchange information with other computer + programs and mutually to use the information which has been + exchanged. This includes the ability to use, convert, or exchange + file formats, protocols, schemas, interface information or + conventions, so as to permit the computer program to work with other + computer programs and users in all the ways in which they are + intended to function.</li> + +<li>It must be permissible for anyone to copy, distribute and read the + standard for a nominal fee, or even no fee. If there is a fee, it + must be low enough to not preclude widespread use.</li> + +<li>It must be possible for anyone to obtain free (no royalties or + fees; also known as "royalty free"), worldwide, non-exclusive and + perpetual licenses to all essential patent claims to make, use and + sell products based on the standard. The only exceptions are + terminations per the reciprocity and defensive suspension terms + outlined below. Essential patent claims include pending, unpublished + patents, published patents, and patent applications. The license is + only for the exact scope of the standard in question. + + <ul> + + <li> May be conditioned only on reciprocal licenses to any of + licensees' patent claims essential to practice that standard + (also known as a reciprocity clause)</li> + + <li> May be terminated as to any licensee who sues the licensor + or any other licensee for infringement of patent claims + essential to practice that standard (also known as a + "defensive suspension" clause)</li> + + <li> The same licensing terms are available to every potential + licensor</li> + + </ul> +</li> + +<li>The licensing terms of an open standards must not preclude + implementations of that standard under open source licensing terms + or restricted licensing terms</li> + +</ul> + +</blockquote> + +It is said that one of the nice things about standards is that +there are so many of them. As you can see, the same holds true for +open standard definitions. Most of the definitions have a lot in +common, and it is not really controversial what properties a open +standard should have, but the diversity of definitions have made it +possible for those that want to avoid a level marked field and real +competition to downplay the significance of open standards. I hope we +can turn this tide by focusing on the advantages of Free and Open +Standards. + + + diff --git a/blog/tags/english/index.html b/blog/tags/english/index.html index 9619700e32..5434692a78 100644 --- a/blog/tags/english/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/english/index.html @@ -6571,6 +6571,246 @@ see if they are free and open standards.

+ The many definitions of a open standard +

+ 2010-12-27 14:45 +

+ +

+ +
The following are the minimal characteristics that a specification +and its attendant documents must have in order to be considered an +open standard:
+ +
+ +
The standard is adopted and will be maintained by a not-for-profit +organisation, and its ongoing development occurs on the basis of an +open decision-making procedure available to all interested parties +(consensus or majority decision etc.).
+ +
The standard has been published and the standard specification +document is available either freely or at a nominal charge. It must be +permissible to all to copy, distribute and use it for no fee or at a +nominal fee.
+ +
The intellectual property - i.e. patents possibly present - of +(parts of) the standard is made irrevocably available on a royalty- +free basis.
+ +
There are no constraints on the re-use of the standard.
+ +
+

+ +

+ +
En Ã¥ben standard opfylder fÃ¸lgende krav:
+ +
+ +
Veldokumenteret med den fuldstÃ¦ndige specifikation offentligt +tilgÃ¦ngelig.
+ +
Frit implementerbar uden Ã¸konomiske, politiske eller juridiske +begrÃ¦nsninger pÃ¥ implementation og anvendelse.
+ +
Standardiseret og vedligeholdt i et Ã¥bent forum (en sÃ¥kaldt +"standardiseringsorganisation") via en Ã¥ben proces.
+ +
+ +

+ +

Then there is the +definition from Free Software Foundation Europe.

+ +

+ +
An Open Standard refers to a format or protocol that is
+ +
+ +
subject to full public assessment and use without constraints in a +manner equally available to all parties;
+ +
without any components or extensions that have dependencies on +formats or protocols that do not meet the definition of an Open +Standard themselves;
+ +
free from legal or technical clauses that limit its utilisation by +any party or in any business model;
+ +
managed and further developed independently of any single vendor +in a process open to the equal participation of competitors and third +parties;
+ +
available in multiple complete implementations by competing +vendors, or as a complete implementation equally available to all +parties.
+ +
+ +

+ +

A long time ago, SUN Microsystems, now bought by Oracle, created +its +Open +Standards Checklist with a fairly detailed description.

+ +

+
Creation and Management of an Open Standard + +
+ +
Its development and management process must be collaborative and + democratic: + +
+ +
Participation must be accessible to all those who wish to + participate and can meet fair and reasonable criteria + imposed by the organization under which it is developed + and managed.
+ +
The processes must be documented and, through a known + method, can be changed through input from all + participants.
+ +
The process must be based on formal and binding commitments for + the disclosure and licensing of intellectual property rights.
+ +
Development and management should strive for consensus, + and an appeals process must be clearly outlined.
+ +
The standard specification must be open to extensive + public review at least once in its life-cycle, with + comments duly discussed and acted upon, if required.
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
Use and Licensing of an Open Standard
+
+ +
The standard must describe an interface, not an implementation, + and the industry must be capable of creating multiple, competing + implementations to the interface described in the standard without + undue or restrictive constraints. Interfaces include APIs, + protocols, schemas, data formats and their encoding.
+ +
The standard must not contain any proprietary "hooks" that create + a technical or economic barriers
+ +
Faithful implementations of the standard must + interoperate. Interoperability means the ability of a computer + program to communicate and exchange information with other computer + programs and mutually to use the information which has been + exchanged. This includes the ability to use, convert, or exchange + file formats, protocols, schemas, interface information or + conventions, so as to permit the computer program to work with other + computer programs and users in all the ways in which they are + intended to function.
+ +
It must be permissible for anyone to copy, distribute and read the + standard for a nominal fee, or even no fee. If there is a fee, it + must be low enough to not preclude widespread use.
+ +
It must be possible for anyone to obtain free (no royalties or + fees; also known as "royalty free"), worldwide, non-exclusive and + perpetual licenses to all essential patent claims to make, use and + sell products based on the standard. The only exceptions are + terminations per the reciprocity and defensive suspension terms + outlined below. Essential patent claims include pending, unpublished + patents, published patents, and patent applications. The license is + only for the exact scope of the standard in question. + +
+ +
May be conditioned only on reciprocal licenses to any of + licensees' patent claims essential to practice that standard + (also known as a reciprocity clause)
+ +
May be terminated as to any licensee who sues the licensor + or any other licensee for infringement of patent claims + essential to practice that standard (also known as a + "defensive suspension" clause)
+ +
The same licensing terms are available to every potential + licensor
+ +
+
+ +
The licensing terms of an open standards must not preclude + implementations of that standard under open source licensing terms + or restricted licensing terms
+ +
+ +

+ +

+ + + + Tags: english, standard. + +

+ The many definitions of a open standard +

+ 2010-12-27 14:45 +

+ +

+ +
The following are the minimal characteristics that a specification +and its attendant documents must have in order to be considered an +open standard:
+ +
+ +
The standard is adopted and will be maintained by a not-for-profit +organisation, and its ongoing development occurs on the basis of an +open decision-making procedure available to all interested parties +(consensus or majority decision etc.).
+ +
The standard has been published and the standard specification +document is available either freely or at a nominal charge. It must be +permissible to all to copy, distribute and use it for no fee or at a +nominal fee.
+ +
The intellectual property - i.e. patents possibly present - of +(parts of) the standard is made irrevocably available on a royalty- +free basis.
+ +
There are no constraints on the re-use of the standard.
+ +
+

+ +

+ +
En Ã¥ben standard opfylder fÃ¸lgende krav:
+ +
+ +
Veldokumenteret med den fuldstÃ¦ndige specifikation offentligt +tilgÃ¦ngelig.
+ +
Frit implementerbar uden Ã¸konomiske, politiske eller juridiske +begrÃ¦nsninger pÃ¥ implementation og anvendelse.
+ +
Standardiseret og vedligeholdt i et Ã¥bent forum (en sÃ¥kaldt +"standardiseringsorganisation") via en Ã¥ben proces.
+ +
+ +

+ +

Then there is the +definition from Free Software Foundation Europe.

+ +

+ +
An Open Standard refers to a format or protocol that is
+ +
+ +
subject to full public assessment and use without constraints in a +manner equally available to all parties;
+ +
without any components or extensions that have dependencies on +formats or protocols that do not meet the definition of an Open +Standard themselves;
+ +
free from legal or technical clauses that limit its utilisation by +any party or in any business model;
+ +
managed and further developed independently of any single vendor +in a process open to the equal participation of competitors and third +parties;
+ +
available in multiple complete implementations by competing +vendors, or as a complete implementation equally available to all +parties.
+ +
+ +

+ +

A long time ago, SUN Microsystems, now bought by Oracle, created +its +Open +Standards Checklist with a fairly detailed description.

+ +

+
Creation and Management of an Open Standard + +
+ +
Its development and management process must be collaborative and + democratic: + +
+ +
Participation must be accessible to all those who wish to + participate and can meet fair and reasonable criteria + imposed by the organization under which it is developed + and managed.
+ +
The processes must be documented and, through a known + method, can be changed through input from all + participants.
+ +
The process must be based on formal and binding commitments for + the disclosure and licensing of intellectual property rights.
+ +
Development and management should strive for consensus, + and an appeals process must be clearly outlined.
+ +
The standard specification must be open to extensive + public review at least once in its life-cycle, with + comments duly discussed and acted upon, if required.
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
Use and Licensing of an Open Standard
+
+ +
The standard must describe an interface, not an implementation, + and the industry must be capable of creating multiple, competing + implementations to the interface described in the standard without + undue or restrictive constraints. Interfaces include APIs, + protocols, schemas, data formats and their encoding.
+ +
The standard must not contain any proprietary "hooks" that create + a technical or economic barriers
+ +
Faithful implementations of the standard must + interoperate. Interoperability means the ability of a computer + program to communicate and exchange information with other computer + programs and mutually to use the information which has been + exchanged. This includes the ability to use, convert, or exchange + file formats, protocols, schemas, interface information or + conventions, so as to permit the computer program to work with other + computer programs and users in all the ways in which they are + intended to function.
+ +
It must be permissible for anyone to copy, distribute and read the + standard for a nominal fee, or even no fee. If there is a fee, it + must be low enough to not preclude widespread use.
+ +
It must be possible for anyone to obtain free (no royalties or + fees; also known as "royalty free"), worldwide, non-exclusive and + perpetual licenses to all essential patent claims to make, use and + sell products based on the standard. The only exceptions are + terminations per the reciprocity and defensive suspension terms + outlined below. Essential patent claims include pending, unpublished + patents, published patents, and patent applications. The license is + only for the exact scope of the standard in question. + +
+ +
May be conditioned only on reciprocal licenses to any of + licensees' patent claims essential to practice that standard + (also known as a reciprocity clause)
+ +
May be terminated as to any licensee who sues the licensor + or any other licensee for infringement of patent claims + essential to practice that standard (also known as a + "defensive suspension" clause)
+ +
The same licensing terms are available to every potential + licensor
+ +
+
+ +
The licensing terms of an open standards must not preclude + implementations of that standard under open source licensing terms + or restricted licensing terms
+ +
+ +

+ +

+ + + + Tags: english, standard. + +

+ Petter Reinholdtsen + +

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