Petter Reinholdtsen: Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images

Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images

@@ -624,7 +749,7 @@ me know. :)

@@ -634,7 +759,7 @@ me know. :)

@@ -642,7 +767,7 @@ me know. :)

@@ -658,7 +783,7 @@ me know. :)

diff --git a/blog/index.html b/blog/index.html index c436fa1474..8bd88466c5 100644 --- a/blog/index.html +++ b/blog/index.html @@ -19,6 +19,125 @@ +

27th October 2013

The +vmdebootstrap +program is a a very nice system to create virtual machine images. It +create a image file, add a partition table, mount it and run +debootstrap in the mounted directory to create a Debian system on a +stick. Yesterday, I decided to try to teach it how to make images for +Raspberry Pi, as part +of a plan to simplify the build system for the FreedomBox project. +The FreedomBox project already uses vmdebootstrap for the virtualbox +images, but its home made multistrap based system for Dreamplug +images, and it is lacking support for Raspberry Pi.

+ +

Armed with the knowledge on how to build "foreign" (aka non-native +architecture) chroots for Raspberry Pi, I dived into the vmdebootstrap +code and adjusted it to be able to build armel images on my amd64 +Debian laptop. I ended up giving vmdebootstrap five new options, +allowing me to replicate the image creation process I use to make +Debian +Jessie based mesh node images for the Raspberry Pi. First, the +--foreign /path/to/binfm_handler option tell vmdebootstrap to +call debootstrap with --foreign and to copy the handler into the +generated chroot before running the second stage. This allow +vmdebootstrap to create armel images on an amd64 host. Next I added +two new options --bootsize size and --boottype +fstype to teach it to create a separate /boot/ partition with the +given file system type, allowing me to create an image with a vfat +partition for the /boot/ stuff. I also added a --variant +variant option to allow me to create smaller images without the +Debian base system packages installed. Finally, I added an option +--no-extlinux to tell vmdebootstrap to not install extlinux +as a boot loader. It is not needed on the Raspberry Pi and probably +most other non-x86 architectures. The changes were accepted by the +upstream author of vmdebootstrap yesterday and today, and is now +available from +the +upstream project page.

+ +

To use it to build a Raspberry Pi image using Debian Jessie, first +create a small script (the customize script) to add the non-free +binary blob needed to boot the Raspberry Pi and the APT source +list:

+ +

+#!/bin/sh
+set -e # Exit on first error
+rootdir="$1"
+cd "$rootdir"
+cat < etc/apt/sources.list
+deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
+EOF
+# Install non-free binary blob needed to boot Raspberry Pi.  This
+# install a kernel somewhere too.
+wget https://raw.github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update/master/rpi-update \
+    -O $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
+chmod a+x $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
+mkdir -p $rootdir/lib/modules
+touch $rootdir/boot/start.elf
+chroot $rootdir rpi-update
+

+ +

Next, fetch the latest vmdebootstrap script and call it like this +to build the image:

+ +

+sudo ./vmdebootstrap \
+    --variant minbase \
+    --arch armel \
+    --distribution jessie \
+    --mirror http://http.debian.net/debian \
+    --image test.img \
+    --size 600M \
+    --bootsize 64M \
+    --boottype vfat \
+    --log-level debug \
+    --verbose \
+    --no-kernel \
+    --no-extlinux \
+    --root-password raspberry \
+    --hostname raspberrypi \
+    --foreign /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \
+    --customize `pwd`/customize \
+    --package netbase \
+    --package git-core \
+    --package binutils \
+    --package ca-certificates \
+    --package wget \
+    --package kmod
+

+ +

The list of packages being installed are the ones needed by +rpi-update to make the image bootable on the Raspberry Pi, with the +exception of netbase, which is needed by debootstrap to find +/etc/hosts with the minbase variant. I really wish there was a way to +set up an Raspberry Pi using only packages in the Debian archive, but +that is not possible as far as I know, because it boots from the GPU +using a non-free binary blob.

+ +

The build host need debootstrap, kpartx and qemu-user-static and +probably a few others installed. I have not checked the complete +build dependency list.

+ +

The resulting image will not use the hardware floating point unit +on the Raspberry PI, because the armel architecture in Debian is not +optimized for that use. So the images created will be a bit slower +than Raspbian based images.

+ + + Tags: debian, english, freedombox, mesh network. + + +

Det er jo makta som er mest sÃ¥rbar ved massiv overvÃ¥kning av Internett

26th October 2013

@@ -624,142 +743,6 @@ directory.

Recipe to test the Freedombox project on amd64 or Raspberry Pi

10th September 2013

I was introduced to the -Freedombox project -in 2010, when Eben Moglen presented his vision about serving the need -of non-technical people to keep their personal information private and -within the legal protection of their own homes. The idea is to give -people back the power over their network and machines, and return -Internet back to its intended peer-to-peer architecture. Instead of -depending on a central service, the Freedombox will give everyone -control over their own basic infrastructure.

- -

I've intended to join the effort since then, but other tasks have -taken priority. But this summers nasty news about the misuse of trust -and privilege exercised by the "western" intelligence gathering -communities increased my eagerness to contribute to a point where I -actually started working on the project a while back.

- -

The initial -Debian initiative based on the vision from Eben Moglen, is to -create a simple and cheap Debian based appliance that anyone can hook -up in their home and get access to secure and private services and -communication. The initial deployment platform have been the -Dreamplug, -which is a piece of hardware I do not own. So to be able to test what -the current Freedombox setup look like, I had to come up with a way to install -it on some hardware I do have access to. I have rewritten the -freedom-maker -image build framework to use .deb packages instead of only copying -setup into the boot images, and thanks to this rewrite I am able to -set up any machine supported by Debian Wheezy as a Freedombox, using -the previously mentioned deb (and a few support debs for packages -missing in Debian).

- -

The current Freedombox setup consist of a set of bootstrapping -scripts -(freedombox-setup), -and a administrative web interface -(plinth + exmachina + -withsqlite), as well as a privacy enhancing proxy based on -privoxy -(freedombox-privoxy). There is also a web/javascript based XMPP -client (jwchat) -trying (unsuccessfully so far) to talk to the XMPP server -(ejabberd). The -web interface is pluggable, and the goal is to use it to enable OpenID -services, mesh network connectivity, use of TOR, etc, etc. Not much of -this is really working yet, see -the -project TODO for links to GIT repositories. Most of the code is -on github at the moment. The HTTP proxy is operational out of the -box, and the admin web interface can be used to add/remove plinth -users. I've not been able to do anything else with it so far, but -know there are several branches spread around github and other places -with lots of half baked features.

- -

Anyway, if you want to have a look at the current state, the -following recipes should work to give you a test machine to poke -at.

- -

Debian Wheezy amd64

- -

Fetch normal Debian Wheezy installation ISO.
Boot from it, either as CD or USB stick.
Press [tab] on the boot prompt and add this as a boot argument -to the Debian installer:
-
```
url=http://www.reinholdtsen.name/freedombox/preseed-wheezy.dat
```
Answer the few language/region/password questions and pick disk to -install on.
When the installation is finished and the machine have rebooted a -few times, your Freedombox is ready for testing.

- -

Raspberry Pi Raspbian

- -

Fetch a Raspbian SD card image, create SD card.
Boot from SD card, extend file system to fill the card completely.

-deb http://www.reinholdtsen.name/freedombox wheezy main
-

Run this as root:

-wget -O - http://www.reinholdtsen.name/freedombox/BE1A583D.asc | \
-   apt-key add -
-apt-get update
-apt-get install freedombox-setup
-/usr/lib/freedombox/setup
-

Reboot into your freshly created Freedombox.

- -

You can test it on other architectures too, but because the -freedombox-privoxy package is binary, it will only work as intended on -the architectures where I have had time to build the binary and put it -in my APT repository. But do not let this stop you. It is only a -short "apt-get source -b freedombox-privoxy" away. :)

- -

Note that by default Freedombox is a DHCP server on the -192.168.1.0/24 subnet, so if this is your subnet be careful and turn -off the DHCP server by running "update-rc.d isc-dhcp-server -disable" as root.

- -

Please let me know if this works for you, or if you have any -problems. We gather on the IRC channel -#freedombox on -irc.debian.org and the -project -mailing list.

- -

Once you get your freedombox operational, you can visit -http://your-host-name:8001/ to see the state of the plint -welcome screen (dead end - do not be surprised if you are unable to -get past it), and next visit http://your-host-name:8001/help/ -to look at the rest of plinth. The default user is 'admin' and the -default password is 'secret'.

- - - Tags: debian, english, freedombox, sikkerhet, surveillance, web. - - -

@@ -789,7 +772,7 @@ default password is 'secret'.

@@ -939,7 +922,7 @@ default password is 'secret'.

@@ -949,7 +932,7 @@ default password is 'secret'.

@@ -957,7 +940,7 @@ default password is 'secret'.

@@ -973,7 +956,7 @@ default password is 'secret'.

diff --git a/blog/index.rss b/blog/index.rss index 37e7be10ed..023ed5c10b 100644 --- a/blog/index.rss +++ b/blog/index.rss @@ -6,6 +6,119 @@ http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/ + + Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html + Sun, 27 Oct 2013 17:00:00 +0100 + The +<a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vmdebootstrap.html">vmdebootstrap</a> +program is a a very nice system to create virtual machine images. It +create a image file, add a partition table, mount it and run +debootstrap in the mounted directory to create a Debian system on a +stick. Yesterday, I decided to try to teach it how to make images for +<a href="https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi">Raspberry Pi</a>, as part +of a plan to simplify the build system for the FreedomBox project. +The FreedomBox project already uses vmdebootstrap for the virtualbox +images, but its home made multistrap based system for Dreamplug +images, and it is lacking support for Raspberry Pi. + +Armed with the knowledge on how to build "foreign" (aka non-native +architecture) chroots for Raspberry Pi, I dived into the vmdebootstrap +code and adjusted it to be able to build armel images on my amd64 +Debian laptop. I ended up giving vmdebootstrap five new options, +allowing me to replicate the image creation process I use to make +<a href=http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_Raspberry_Pi_based_batman_adv_Mesh_network_node.html"">Debian +Jessie based mesh node images for the Raspberry Pi</a>. First, the +<tt>--foreign /path/to/binfm_handler</tt> option tell vmdebootstrap to +call debootstrap with --foreign and to copy the handler into the +generated chroot before running the second stage. This allow +vmdebootstrap to create armel images on an amd64 host. Next I added +two new options <tt>--bootsize size</tt> and <tt>--boottype +fstype</tt> to teach it to create a separate /boot/ partition with the +given file system type, allowing me to create an image with a vfat +partition for the /boot/ stuff. I also added a <tt>--variant +variant</tt> option to allow me to create smaller images without the +Debian base system packages installed. Finally, I added an option +<tt>--no-extlinux</tt> to tell vmdebootstrap to not install extlinux +as a boot loader. It is not needed on the Raspberry Pi and probably +most other non-x86 architectures. The changes were accepted by the +upstream author of vmdebootstrap yesterday and today, and is now +available from +<a href="http://git.liw.fi/cgi-bin/cgit/cgit.cgi/vmdebootstrap/">the +upstream project page</a>. + +To use it to build a Raspberry Pi image using Debian Jessie, first +create a small script (the customize script) to add the non-free +binary blob needed to boot the Raspberry Pi and the APT source +list: + +<pre> +#!/bin/sh +set -e # Exit on first error +rootdir="$1" +cd "$rootdir" +cat <<EOF > etc/apt/sources.list +deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free +EOF +# Install non-free binary blob needed to boot Raspberry Pi. This +# install a kernel somewhere too. +wget https://raw.github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update/master/rpi-update \ + -O $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update +chmod a+x $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update +mkdir -p $rootdir/lib/modules +touch $rootdir/boot/start.elf +chroot $rootdir rpi-update +</pre> + +Next, fetch the latest vmdebootstrap script and call it like this +to build the image: + +<pre> +sudo ./vmdebootstrap \ + --variant minbase \ + --arch armel \ + --distribution jessie \ + --mirror http://http.debian.net/debian \ + --image test.img \ + --size 600M \ + --bootsize 64M \ + --boottype vfat \ + --log-level debug \ + --verbose \ + --no-kernel \ + --no-extlinux \ + --root-password raspberry \ + --hostname raspberrypi \ + --foreign /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \ + --customize `pwd`/customize \ + --package netbase \ + --package git-core \ + --package binutils \ + --package ca-certificates \ + --package wget \ + --package kmod +</pre> + +The list of packages being installed are the ones needed by +rpi-update to make the image bootable on the Raspberry Pi, with the +exception of netbase, which is needed by debootstrap to find +/etc/hosts with the minbase variant. I really wish there was a way to +set up an Raspberry Pi using only packages in the Debian archive, but +that is not possible as far as I know, because it boots from the GPU +using a non-free binary blob. + +The build host need debootstrap, kpartx and qemu-user-static and +probably a few others installed. I have not checked the complete +build dependency list. + +The resulting image will not use the hardware floating point unit +on the Raspberry PI, because the armel architecture in Debian is not +optimized for that use. So the images created will be a bit slower +than <a href="http://www.raspbian.org/">Raspbian</a> based images. + + + Det er jo makta som er mest sÃ¥rbar ved massiv overvÃ¥kning av Internett http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Det_er_jo_makta_som_er_mest_s_rbar_ved_massiv_overv_kning_av_Internett.html @@ -557,135 +670,5 @@ directory. - - Recipe to test the Freedombox project on amd64 or Raspberry Pi - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Recipe_to_test_the_Freedombox_project_on_amd64_or_Raspberry_Pi.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Recipe_to_test_the_Freedombox_project_on_amd64_or_Raspberry_Pi.html - Tue, 10 Sep 2013 14:20:00 +0200 - I was introduced to the -<a href="http://www.freedomboxfoundation.org/">Freedombox project</a> -in 2010, when Eben Moglen presented his vision about serving the need -of non-technical people to keep their personal information private and -within the legal protection of their own homes. The idea is to give -people back the power over their network and machines, and return -Internet back to its intended peer-to-peer architecture. Instead of -depending on a central service, the Freedombox will give everyone -control over their own basic infrastructure. - -I've intended to join the effort since then, but other tasks have -taken priority. But this summers nasty news about the misuse of trust -and privilege exercised by the "western" intelligence gathering -communities increased my eagerness to contribute to a point where I -actually started working on the project a while back. - -The <a href="https://alioth.debian.org/projects/freedombox/">initial -Debian initiative</a> based on the vision from Eben Moglen, is to -create a simple and cheap Debian based appliance that anyone can hook -up in their home and get access to secure and private services and -communication. The initial deployment platform have been the -<a href="http://www.globalscaletechnologies.com/t-dreamplugdetails.aspx">Dreamplug</a>, -which is a piece of hardware I do not own. So to be able to test what -the current Freedombox setup look like, I had to come up with a way to install -it on some hardware I do have access to. I have rewritten the -<a href="https://github.com/NickDaly/freedom-maker">freedom-maker</a> -image build framework to use .deb packages instead of only copying -setup into the boot images, and thanks to this rewrite I am able to -set up any machine supported by Debian Wheezy as a Freedombox, using -the previously mentioned deb (and a few support debs for packages -missing in Debian). - -The current Freedombox setup consist of a set of bootstrapping -scripts -(<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/freedombox-setup">freedombox-setup</a>), -and a administrative web interface -(<a href="https://github.com/NickDaly/Plinth">plinth</a> + exmachina + -withsqlite), as well as a privacy enhancing proxy based on -<a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/privoxy">privoxy</a> -(freedombox-privoxy). There is also a web/javascript based XMPP -client (<a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/jwchat">jwchat</a>) -trying (unsuccessfully so far) to talk to the XMPP server -(<a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/ejabberd">ejabberd</a>). The -web interface is pluggable, and the goal is to use it to enable OpenID -services, mesh network connectivity, use of TOR, etc, etc. Not much of -this is really working yet, see -<a href="https://github.com/NickDaly/freedombox-todos/blob/master/TODO">the -project TODO</a> for links to GIT repositories. Most of the code is -on github at the moment. The HTTP proxy is operational out of the -box, and the admin web interface can be used to add/remove plinth -users. I've not been able to do anything else with it so far, but -know there are several branches spread around github and other places -with lots of half baked features. - -Anyway, if you want to have a look at the current state, the -following recipes should work to give you a test machine to poke -at. - -Debian Wheezy amd64 - -<ol> - -<li>Fetch normal Debian Wheezy installation ISO.</li> -<li>Boot from it, either as CD or USB stick.</li> -<li>Press [tab] on the boot prompt and add this as a boot argument -to the Debian installer: -<pre>url=<a href="http://www.reinholdtsen.name/freedombox/preseed-wheezy.dat">http://www.reinholdtsen.name/freedombox/preseed-wheezy.dat</a></pre></li> - -<li>Answer the few language/region/password questions and pick disk to -install on.</li> - -<li>When the installation is finished and the machine have rebooted a -few times, your Freedombox is ready for testing.</li> - -</ol> - -Raspberry Pi Raspbian - -<ol> - -<li>Fetch a Raspbian SD card image, create SD card.</li> -<li>Boot from SD card, extend file system to fill the card completely.</li> -<li>Log in and add this to /etc/sources.list: -<pre> -deb <a href="http://www.reinholdtsen.name/freedombox/">http://www.reinholdtsen.name/freedombox</a> wheezy main -</pre></li> -<li>Run this as root: -<pre> -wget -O - http://www.reinholdtsen.name/freedombox/BE1A583D.asc | \ - apt-key add - -apt-get update -apt-get install freedombox-setup -/usr/lib/freedombox/setup -</pre></li> -<li>Reboot into your freshly created Freedombox.</li> - -</ol> - -You can test it on other architectures too, but because the -freedombox-privoxy package is binary, it will only work as intended on -the architectures where I have had time to build the binary and put it -in my APT repository. But do not let this stop you. It is only a -short "<tt>apt-get source -b freedombox-privoxy</tt>" away. :) - -Note that by default Freedombox is a DHCP server on the -192.168.1.0/24 subnet, so if this is your subnet be careful and turn -off the DHCP server by running "<tt>update-rc.d isc-dhcp-server -disable</tt>" as root. - -Please let me know if this works for you, or if you have any -problems. We gather on the IRC channel -<a href="irc://irc.debian.org:6667/%23freedombox">#freedombox</a> on -irc.debian.org and the -<a href="http://lists.alioth.debian.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/freedombox-discuss">project -mailing list</a>. - -Once you get your freedombox operational, you can visit -<tt>http://your-host-name:8001/</tt> to see the state of the plint -welcome screen (dead end - do not be surprised if you are unable to -get past it), and next visit <tt>http://your-host-name:8001/help/</tt> -to look at the rest of plinth. The default user is 'admin' and the -default password is 'secret'. - - - diff --git a/blog/jXplorer__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html b/blog/jXplorer__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html index 60454df479..3d7c55d9e4 100644 --- a/blog/jXplorer__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html +++ b/blog/jXplorer__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ and remove the failing query. Nothing big, but very annoying.

@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ and remove the failing query. Nothing big, but very annoying.

@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ and remove the failing query. Nothing big, but very annoying.

@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ and remove the failing query. Nothing big, but very annoying.

@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ and remove the failing query. Nothing big, but very annoying.

diff --git a/blog/sitemap.xml b/blog/sitemap.xml index f0de9a23dc..05ba78acaf 100644 --- a/blog/sitemap.xml +++ b/blog/sitemap.xml @@ -2015,6 +2015,11 @@ 0.50 weekly + + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html + 0.50 + weekly + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/TED_talks_p__norsk_og_NUUG_foredrag___frivillige_trengs_til_teksting.html 0.50 diff --git a/blog/systemd__an_interesting_alternative_to_upstart.html b/blog/systemd__an_interesting_alternative_to_upstart.html index c45b2313d5..4cc356c66f 100644 --- a/blog/systemd__an_interesting_alternative_to_upstart.html +++ b/blog/systemd__an_interesting_alternative_to_upstart.html @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ with parallel booting enabled by default.

@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ with parallel booting enabled by default.

@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ with parallel booting enabled by default.

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ with parallel booting enabled by default.

@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ with parallel booting enabled by default.

diff --git a/blog/tags/3d-printer/index.html b/blog/tags/3d-printer/index.html index 295abf893f..48a01e90ab 100644 --- a/blog/tags/3d-printer/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/3d-printer/index.html @@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

@@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

@@ -792,7 +792,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

diff --git a/blog/tags/amiga/index.html b/blog/tags/amiga/index.html index 0e8ed9b2c2..f857c84158 100644 --- a/blog/tags/amiga/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/amiga/index.html @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

diff --git a/blog/tags/aros/index.html b/blog/tags/aros/index.html index 6db4c11ddd..bec6d0152e 100644 --- a/blog/tags/aros/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/aros/index.html @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ pakke. Kanskje Aros kunne vÃ¦rt interessant for et NUUG-foredrag?

diff --git a/blog/tags/bankid/index.html b/blog/tags/bankid/index.html index be90d41a58..088b12a891 100644 --- a/blog/tags/bankid/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/bankid/index.html @@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ til BankID-modellen.

@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ til BankID-modellen.

@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ til BankID-modellen.

@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ til BankID-modellen.

@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ til BankID-modellen.

diff --git a/blog/tags/bitcoin/index.html b/blog/tags/bitcoin/index.html index dd657116e5..5910231dc9 100644 --- a/blog/tags/bitcoin/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/bitcoin/index.html @@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ donations to the address

@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ donations to the address

@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ donations to the address

@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ donations to the address

@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ donations to the address

diff --git a/blog/tags/bootsystem/index.html b/blog/tags/bootsystem/index.html index 792daf1f7a..4306c18042 100644 --- a/blog/tags/bootsystem/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/bootsystem/index.html @@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ insserv'. Will need to test if that work. :)

@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ insserv'. Will need to test if that work. :)

@@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ insserv'. Will need to test if that work. :)

@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ insserv'. Will need to test if that work. :)

@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ insserv'. Will need to test if that work. :)

diff --git a/blog/tags/bsa/index.html b/blog/tags/bsa/index.html index 256d095e06..b7ddff21e0 100644 --- a/blog/tags/bsa/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/bsa/index.html @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ pÃ¥ Slashdot.

@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ pÃ¥ Slashdot.

@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ pÃ¥ Slashdot.

@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ pÃ¥ Slashdot.

@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ pÃ¥ Slashdot.

diff --git a/blog/tags/debian edu/index.html b/blog/tags/debian edu/index.html index e104796e9c..95495018d1 100644 --- a/blog/tags/debian edu/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/debian edu/index.html @@ -12919,7 +12919,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -13069,7 +13069,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -13079,7 +13079,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -13087,7 +13087,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -13103,7 +13103,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

diff --git a/blog/tags/debian/debian.rss b/blog/tags/debian/debian.rss index a072423399..21b0a9139a 100644 --- a/blog/tags/debian/debian.rss +++ b/blog/tags/debian/debian.rss @@ -6,6 +6,119 @@ http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/ + + Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html + Sun, 27 Oct 2013 17:00:00 +0100 + The +<a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vmdebootstrap.html">vmdebootstrap</a> +program is a a very nice system to create virtual machine images. It +create a image file, add a partition table, mount it and run +debootstrap in the mounted directory to create a Debian system on a +stick. Yesterday, I decided to try to teach it how to make images for +<a href="https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi">Raspberry Pi</a>, as part +of a plan to simplify the build system for the FreedomBox project. +The FreedomBox project already uses vmdebootstrap for the virtualbox +images, but its home made multistrap based system for Dreamplug +images, and it is lacking support for Raspberry Pi. + +Armed with the knowledge on how to build "foreign" (aka non-native +architecture) chroots for Raspberry Pi, I dived into the vmdebootstrap +code and adjusted it to be able to build armel images on my amd64 +Debian laptop. I ended up giving vmdebootstrap five new options, +allowing me to replicate the image creation process I use to make +<a href=http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_Raspberry_Pi_based_batman_adv_Mesh_network_node.html"">Debian +Jessie based mesh node images for the Raspberry Pi</a>. First, the +<tt>--foreign /path/to/binfm_handler</tt> option tell vmdebootstrap to +call debootstrap with --foreign and to copy the handler into the +generated chroot before running the second stage. This allow +vmdebootstrap to create armel images on an amd64 host. Next I added +two new options <tt>--bootsize size</tt> and <tt>--boottype +fstype</tt> to teach it to create a separate /boot/ partition with the +given file system type, allowing me to create an image with a vfat +partition for the /boot/ stuff. I also added a <tt>--variant +variant</tt> option to allow me to create smaller images without the +Debian base system packages installed. Finally, I added an option +<tt>--no-extlinux</tt> to tell vmdebootstrap to not install extlinux +as a boot loader. It is not needed on the Raspberry Pi and probably +most other non-x86 architectures. The changes were accepted by the +upstream author of vmdebootstrap yesterday and today, and is now +available from +<a href="http://git.liw.fi/cgi-bin/cgit/cgit.cgi/vmdebootstrap/">the +upstream project page</a>. + +To use it to build a Raspberry Pi image using Debian Jessie, first +create a small script (the customize script) to add the non-free +binary blob needed to boot the Raspberry Pi and the APT source +list: + +<pre> +#!/bin/sh +set -e # Exit on first error +rootdir="$1" +cd "$rootdir" +cat <<EOF > etc/apt/sources.list +deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free +EOF +# Install non-free binary blob needed to boot Raspberry Pi. This +# install a kernel somewhere too. +wget https://raw.github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update/master/rpi-update \ + -O $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update +chmod a+x $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update +mkdir -p $rootdir/lib/modules +touch $rootdir/boot/start.elf +chroot $rootdir rpi-update +</pre> + +Next, fetch the latest vmdebootstrap script and call it like this +to build the image: + +<pre> +sudo ./vmdebootstrap \ + --variant minbase \ + --arch armel \ + --distribution jessie \ + --mirror http://http.debian.net/debian \ + --image test.img \ + --size 600M \ + --bootsize 64M \ + --boottype vfat \ + --log-level debug \ + --verbose \ + --no-kernel \ + --no-extlinux \ + --root-password raspberry \ + --hostname raspberrypi \ + --foreign /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \ + --customize `pwd`/customize \ + --package netbase \ + --package git-core \ + --package binutils \ + --package ca-certificates \ + --package wget \ + --package kmod +</pre> + +The list of packages being installed are the ones needed by +rpi-update to make the image bootable on the Raspberry Pi, with the +exception of netbase, which is needed by debootstrap to find +/etc/hosts with the minbase variant. I really wish there was a way to +set up an Raspberry Pi using only packages in the Debian archive, but +that is not possible as far as I know, because it boots from the GPU +using a non-free binary blob. + +The build host need debootstrap, kpartx and qemu-user-static and +probably a few others installed. I have not checked the complete +build dependency list. + +The resulting image will not use the hardware floating point unit +on the Raspberry PI, because the armel architecture in Debian is not +optimized for that use. So the images created will be a bit slower +than <a href="http://www.raspbian.org/">Raspbian</a> based images. + + + Good causes: Debian Outreach Program for Women, EFF documenting the spying and Open access in Norway http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Good_causes__Debian_Outreach_Program_for_Women__EFF_documenting_the_spying_and_Open_access_in_Norway.html diff --git a/blog/tags/debian/index.html b/blog/tags/debian/index.html index c6345ea5cf..6a2b4e9ad1 100644 --- a/blog/tags/debian/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/debian/index.html @@ -20,6 +20,131 @@

Entries tagged "debian".

+ Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images +

+ 27th October 2013 +

+ +

+#!/bin/sh
+set -e # Exit on first error
+rootdir="$1"
+cd "$rootdir"
+cat < etc/apt/sources.list
+deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
+EOF
+# Install non-free binary blob needed to boot Raspberry Pi.  This
+# install a kernel somewhere too.
+wget https://raw.github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update/master/rpi-update \
+    -O $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
+chmod a+x $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
+mkdir -p $rootdir/lib/modules
+touch $rootdir/boot/start.elf
+chroot $rootdir rpi-update
+

+ +

Next, fetch the latest vmdebootstrap script and call it like this +to build the image:

+ +

+sudo ./vmdebootstrap \
+    --variant minbase \
+    --arch armel \
+    --distribution jessie \
+    --mirror http://http.debian.net/debian \
+    --image test.img \
+    --size 600M \
+    --bootsize 64M \
+    --boottype vfat \
+    --log-level debug \
+    --verbose \
+    --no-kernel \
+    --no-extlinux \
+    --root-password raspberry \
+    --hostname raspberrypi \
+    --foreign /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \
+    --customize `pwd`/customize \
+    --package netbase \
+    --package git-core \
+    --package binutils \
+    --package ca-certificates \
+    --package wget \
+    --package kmod
+

+ +

The build host need debootstrap, kpartx and qemu-user-static and +probably a few others installed. I have not checked the complete +build dependency list.

+ +

+ + + Tags: debian, english, freedombox, mesh network. + + +

Good causes: Debian Outreach Program for Women, EFF documenting the spying and Open access in Norway @@ -6776,7 +6901,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -6926,7 +7051,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -6936,7 +7061,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -6944,7 +7069,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -6960,7 +7085,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

diff --git a/blog/tags/digistan/index.html b/blog/tags/digistan/index.html index 7ec898eb72..54bccd7e74 100644 --- a/blog/tags/digistan/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/digistan/index.html @@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ produkter basert pÃ¥ standarden.

@@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@ produkter basert pÃ¥ standarden.

@@ -1425,7 +1425,7 @@ produkter basert pÃ¥ standarden.

@@ -1433,7 +1433,7 @@ produkter basert pÃ¥ standarden.

@@ -1449,7 +1449,7 @@ produkter basert pÃ¥ standarden.

diff --git a/blog/tags/docbook/index.html b/blog/tags/docbook/index.html index c0a0de5fba..c1b0379459 100644 --- a/blog/tags/docbook/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/docbook/index.html @@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ slik at du kan oppdatere direkte.

@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ slik at du kan oppdatere direkte.

@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ slik at du kan oppdatere direkte.

@@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ slik at du kan oppdatere direkte.

@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ slik at du kan oppdatere direkte.

diff --git a/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser/index.html b/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser/index.html index 98da263355..ff997037ef 100644 --- a/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser/index.html @@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ en liste med stasjoner pÃ¥ samme format som PriserVedStasjoner.

@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ en liste med stasjoner pÃ¥ samme format som PriserVedStasjoner.

@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ en liste med stasjoner pÃ¥ samme format som PriserVedStasjoner.

@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ en liste med stasjoner pÃ¥ samme format som PriserVedStasjoner.

@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ en liste med stasjoner pÃ¥ samme format som PriserVedStasjoner.

diff --git a/blog/tags/english/english.rss b/blog/tags/english/english.rss index 1a7a33cac3..2bb2b87d5d 100644 --- a/blog/tags/english/english.rss +++ b/blog/tags/english/english.rss @@ -6,6 +6,119 @@ http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/ + + Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html + Sun, 27 Oct 2013 17:00:00 +0100 + The +<a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vmdebootstrap.html">vmdebootstrap</a> +program is a a very nice system to create virtual machine images. It +create a image file, add a partition table, mount it and run +debootstrap in the mounted directory to create a Debian system on a +stick. Yesterday, I decided to try to teach it how to make images for +<a href="https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi">Raspberry Pi</a>, as part +of a plan to simplify the build system for the FreedomBox project. +The FreedomBox project already uses vmdebootstrap for the virtualbox +images, but its home made multistrap based system for Dreamplug +images, and it is lacking support for Raspberry Pi. + +Armed with the knowledge on how to build "foreign" (aka non-native +architecture) chroots for Raspberry Pi, I dived into the vmdebootstrap +code and adjusted it to be able to build armel images on my amd64 +Debian laptop. I ended up giving vmdebootstrap five new options, +allowing me to replicate the image creation process I use to make +<a href=http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_Raspberry_Pi_based_batman_adv_Mesh_network_node.html"">Debian +Jessie based mesh node images for the Raspberry Pi</a>. First, the +<tt>--foreign /path/to/binfm_handler</tt> option tell vmdebootstrap to +call debootstrap with --foreign and to copy the handler into the +generated chroot before running the second stage. This allow +vmdebootstrap to create armel images on an amd64 host. Next I added +two new options <tt>--bootsize size</tt> and <tt>--boottype +fstype</tt> to teach it to create a separate /boot/ partition with the +given file system type, allowing me to create an image with a vfat +partition for the /boot/ stuff. I also added a <tt>--variant +variant</tt> option to allow me to create smaller images without the +Debian base system packages installed. Finally, I added an option +<tt>--no-extlinux</tt> to tell vmdebootstrap to not install extlinux +as a boot loader. It is not needed on the Raspberry Pi and probably +most other non-x86 architectures. The changes were accepted by the +upstream author of vmdebootstrap yesterday and today, and is now +available from +<a href="http://git.liw.fi/cgi-bin/cgit/cgit.cgi/vmdebootstrap/">the +upstream project page</a>. + +To use it to build a Raspberry Pi image using Debian Jessie, first +create a small script (the customize script) to add the non-free +binary blob needed to boot the Raspberry Pi and the APT source +list: + +<pre> +#!/bin/sh +set -e # Exit on first error +rootdir="$1" +cd "$rootdir" +cat <<EOF > etc/apt/sources.list +deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free +EOF +# Install non-free binary blob needed to boot Raspberry Pi. This +# install a kernel somewhere too. +wget https://raw.github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update/master/rpi-update \ + -O $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update +chmod a+x $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update +mkdir -p $rootdir/lib/modules +touch $rootdir/boot/start.elf +chroot $rootdir rpi-update +</pre> + +Next, fetch the latest vmdebootstrap script and call it like this +to build the image: + +<pre> +sudo ./vmdebootstrap \ + --variant minbase \ + --arch armel \ + --distribution jessie \ + --mirror http://http.debian.net/debian \ + --image test.img \ + --size 600M \ + --bootsize 64M \ + --boottype vfat \ + --log-level debug \ + --verbose \ + --no-kernel \ + --no-extlinux \ + --root-password raspberry \ + --hostname raspberrypi \ + --foreign /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \ + --customize `pwd`/customize \ + --package netbase \ + --package git-core \ + --package binutils \ + --package ca-certificates \ + --package wget \ + --package kmod +</pre> + +The list of packages being installed are the ones needed by +rpi-update to make the image bootable on the Raspberry Pi, with the +exception of netbase, which is needed by debootstrap to find +/etc/hosts with the minbase variant. I really wish there was a way to +set up an Raspberry Pi using only packages in the Debian archive, but +that is not possible as far as I know, because it boots from the GPU +using a non-free binary blob. + +The build host need debootstrap, kpartx and qemu-user-static and +probably a few others installed. I have not checked the complete +build dependency list. + +The resulting image will not use the hardware floating point unit +on the Raspberry PI, because the armel architecture in Debian is not +optimized for that use. So the images created will be a bit slower +than <a href="http://www.raspbian.org/">Raspbian</a> based images. + + + A Raspberry Pi based batman-adv Mesh network node http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_Raspberry_Pi_based_batman_adv_Mesh_network_node.html diff --git a/blog/tags/english/index.html b/blog/tags/english/index.html index 1e4b168583..cc0c229824 100644 --- a/blog/tags/english/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/english/index.html @@ -20,6 +20,131 @@

Entries tagged "english".

+ Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images +

+ 27th October 2013 +

+ +

+#!/bin/sh
+set -e # Exit on first error
+rootdir="$1"
+cd "$rootdir"
+cat < etc/apt/sources.list
+deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
+EOF
+# Install non-free binary blob needed to boot Raspberry Pi.  This
+# install a kernel somewhere too.
+wget https://raw.github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update/master/rpi-update \
+    -O $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
+chmod a+x $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
+mkdir -p $rootdir/lib/modules
+touch $rootdir/boot/start.elf
+chroot $rootdir rpi-update
+

+ +

Next, fetch the latest vmdebootstrap script and call it like this +to build the image:

+ +

+sudo ./vmdebootstrap \
+    --variant minbase \
+    --arch armel \
+    --distribution jessie \
+    --mirror http://http.debian.net/debian \
+    --image test.img \
+    --size 600M \
+    --bootsize 64M \
+    --boottype vfat \
+    --log-level debug \
+    --verbose \
+    --no-kernel \
+    --no-extlinux \
+    --root-password raspberry \
+    --hostname raspberrypi \
+    --foreign /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \
+    --customize `pwd`/customize \
+    --package netbase \
+    --package git-core \
+    --package binutils \
+    --package ca-certificates \
+    --package wget \
+    --package kmod
+

+ +

The build host need debootstrap, kpartx and qemu-user-static and +probably a few others installed. I have not checked the complete +build dependency list.

+ +

+ + + Tags: debian, english, freedombox, mesh network. + + +

A Raspberry Pi based batman-adv Mesh network node @@ -17496,7 +17621,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -17646,7 +17771,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -17656,7 +17781,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -17664,7 +17789,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -17680,7 +17805,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

diff --git a/blog/tags/fiksgatami/index.html b/blog/tags/fiksgatami/index.html index 7624d46fa3..7102fbbe51 100644 --- a/blog/tags/fiksgatami/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/fiksgatami/index.html @@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@ med dem. Dette blir bra.

@@ -1431,7 +1431,7 @@ med dem. Dette blir bra.

@@ -1441,7 +1441,7 @@ med dem. Dette blir bra.

@@ -1449,7 +1449,7 @@ med dem. Dette blir bra.

@@ -1465,7 +1465,7 @@ med dem. Dette blir bra.

diff --git a/blog/tags/fildeling/index.html b/blog/tags/fildeling/index.html index 1da6237a56..089697be4e 100644 --- a/blog/tags/fildeling/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/fildeling/index.html @@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ og fildeling av slike filer er fullt ut lovlig.

@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ og fildeling av slike filer er fullt ut lovlig.

@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ og fildeling av slike filer er fullt ut lovlig.

@@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ og fildeling av slike filer er fullt ut lovlig.

@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ og fildeling av slike filer er fullt ut lovlig.

diff --git a/blog/tags/freeculture/index.html b/blog/tags/freeculture/index.html index 61020b8196..436b679915 100644 --- a/blog/tags/freeculture/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/freeculture/index.html @@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ slik at du kan oppdatere direkte.

@@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ slik at du kan oppdatere direkte.

@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ slik at du kan oppdatere direkte.

@@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ slik at du kan oppdatere direkte.

@@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ slik at du kan oppdatere direkte.

diff --git a/blog/tags/freedombox/freedombox.rss b/blog/tags/freedombox/freedombox.rss index 22a7eb5690..e6b28f11cf 100644 --- a/blog/tags/freedombox/freedombox.rss +++ b/blog/tags/freedombox/freedombox.rss @@ -6,6 +6,119 @@ http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/ + + Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html + Sun, 27 Oct 2013 17:00:00 +0100 + The +<a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vmdebootstrap.html">vmdebootstrap</a> +program is a a very nice system to create virtual machine images. It +create a image file, add a partition table, mount it and run +debootstrap in the mounted directory to create a Debian system on a +stick. Yesterday, I decided to try to teach it how to make images for +<a href="https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi">Raspberry Pi</a>, as part +of a plan to simplify the build system for the FreedomBox project. +The FreedomBox project already uses vmdebootstrap for the virtualbox +images, but its home made multistrap based system for Dreamplug +images, and it is lacking support for Raspberry Pi. + +Armed with the knowledge on how to build "foreign" (aka non-native +architecture) chroots for Raspberry Pi, I dived into the vmdebootstrap +code and adjusted it to be able to build armel images on my amd64 +Debian laptop. I ended up giving vmdebootstrap five new options, +allowing me to replicate the image creation process I use to make +<a href=http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_Raspberry_Pi_based_batman_adv_Mesh_network_node.html"">Debian +Jessie based mesh node images for the Raspberry Pi</a>. First, the +<tt>--foreign /path/to/binfm_handler</tt> option tell vmdebootstrap to +call debootstrap with --foreign and to copy the handler into the +generated chroot before running the second stage. This allow +vmdebootstrap to create armel images on an amd64 host. Next I added +two new options <tt>--bootsize size</tt> and <tt>--boottype +fstype</tt> to teach it to create a separate /boot/ partition with the +given file system type, allowing me to create an image with a vfat +partition for the /boot/ stuff. I also added a <tt>--variant +variant</tt> option to allow me to create smaller images without the +Debian base system packages installed. Finally, I added an option +<tt>--no-extlinux</tt> to tell vmdebootstrap to not install extlinux +as a boot loader. It is not needed on the Raspberry Pi and probably +most other non-x86 architectures. The changes were accepted by the +upstream author of vmdebootstrap yesterday and today, and is now +available from +<a href="http://git.liw.fi/cgi-bin/cgit/cgit.cgi/vmdebootstrap/">the +upstream project page</a>. + +To use it to build a Raspberry Pi image using Debian Jessie, first +create a small script (the customize script) to add the non-free +binary blob needed to boot the Raspberry Pi and the APT source +list: + +<pre> +#!/bin/sh +set -e # Exit on first error +rootdir="$1" +cd "$rootdir" +cat <<EOF > etc/apt/sources.list +deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free +EOF +# Install non-free binary blob needed to boot Raspberry Pi. This +# install a kernel somewhere too. +wget https://raw.github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update/master/rpi-update \ + -O $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update +chmod a+x $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update +mkdir -p $rootdir/lib/modules +touch $rootdir/boot/start.elf +chroot $rootdir rpi-update +</pre> + +Next, fetch the latest vmdebootstrap script and call it like this +to build the image: + +<pre> +sudo ./vmdebootstrap \ + --variant minbase \ + --arch armel \ + --distribution jessie \ + --mirror http://http.debian.net/debian \ + --image test.img \ + --size 600M \ + --bootsize 64M \ + --boottype vfat \ + --log-level debug \ + --verbose \ + --no-kernel \ + --no-extlinux \ + --root-password raspberry \ + --hostname raspberrypi \ + --foreign /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \ + --customize `pwd`/customize \ + --package netbase \ + --package git-core \ + --package binutils \ + --package ca-certificates \ + --package wget \ + --package kmod +</pre> + +The list of packages being installed are the ones needed by +rpi-update to make the image bootable on the Raspberry Pi, with the +exception of netbase, which is needed by debootstrap to find +/etc/hosts with the minbase variant. I really wish there was a way to +set up an Raspberry Pi using only packages in the Debian archive, but +that is not possible as far as I know, because it boots from the GPU +using a non-free binary blob. + +The build host need debootstrap, kpartx and qemu-user-static and +probably a few others installed. I have not checked the complete +build dependency list. + +The resulting image will not use the hardware floating point unit +on the Raspberry PI, because the armel architecture in Debian is not +optimized for that use. So the images created will be a bit slower +than <a href="http://www.raspbian.org/">Raspbian</a> based images. + + + A Raspberry Pi based batman-adv Mesh network node http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_Raspberry_Pi_based_batman_adv_Mesh_network_node.html diff --git a/blog/tags/freedombox/index.html b/blog/tags/freedombox/index.html index 84b23ca9eb..dcb9854d57 100644 --- a/blog/tags/freedombox/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/freedombox/index.html @@ -20,6 +20,131 @@

Entries tagged "freedombox".

+ Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images +

+ 27th October 2013 +

+ +

+#!/bin/sh
+set -e # Exit on first error
+rootdir="$1"
+cd "$rootdir"
+cat < etc/apt/sources.list
+deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
+EOF
+# Install non-free binary blob needed to boot Raspberry Pi.  This
+# install a kernel somewhere too.
+wget https://raw.github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update/master/rpi-update \
+    -O $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
+chmod a+x $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
+mkdir -p $rootdir/lib/modules
+touch $rootdir/boot/start.elf
+chroot $rootdir rpi-update
+

+ +

Next, fetch the latest vmdebootstrap script and call it like this +to build the image:

+ +

+sudo ./vmdebootstrap \
+    --variant minbase \
+    --arch armel \
+    --distribution jessie \
+    --mirror http://http.debian.net/debian \
+    --image test.img \
+    --size 600M \
+    --bootsize 64M \
+    --boottype vfat \
+    --log-level debug \
+    --verbose \
+    --no-kernel \
+    --no-extlinux \
+    --root-password raspberry \
+    --hostname raspberrypi \
+    --foreign /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \
+    --customize `pwd`/customize \
+    --package netbase \
+    --package git-core \
+    --package binutils \
+    --package ca-certificates \
+    --package wget \
+    --package kmod
+

+ +

The build host need debootstrap, kpartx and qemu-user-static and +probably a few others installed. I have not checked the complete +build dependency list.

+ +

+ + + Tags: debian, english, freedombox, mesh network. + + +

A Raspberry Pi based batman-adv Mesh network node @@ -519,7 +644,7 @@ default password is 'secret'.

@@ -669,7 +794,7 @@ default password is 'secret'.

@@ -679,7 +804,7 @@ default password is 'secret'.

@@ -687,7 +812,7 @@ default password is 'secret'.

@@ -703,7 +828,7 @@ default password is 'secret'.

diff --git a/blog/tags/frikanalen/index.html b/blog/tags/frikanalen/index.html index f6bd7278e9..56279971f5 100644 --- a/blog/tags/frikanalen/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/frikanalen/index.html @@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ NUUG lykkes med Ã¥ fÃ¥ ut sine opptak med like stor suksess.

@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ NUUG lykkes med Ã¥ fÃ¥ ut sine opptak med like stor suksess.

@@ -1149,7 +1149,7 @@ NUUG lykkes med Ã¥ fÃ¥ ut sine opptak med like stor suksess.

@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ NUUG lykkes med Ã¥ fÃ¥ ut sine opptak med like stor suksess.

@@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@ NUUG lykkes med Ã¥ fÃ¥ ut sine opptak med like stor suksess.

diff --git a/blog/tags/intervju/index.html b/blog/tags/intervju/index.html index 445eae3385..215ce2df72 100644 --- a/blog/tags/intervju/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/intervju/index.html @@ -4387,7 +4387,7 @@ veldig bra utvalg av gratis spill som er av hÃ¸y kvalitet. Veldig lett

@@ -4537,7 +4537,7 @@ veldig bra utvalg av gratis spill som er av hÃ¸y kvalitet. Veldig lett

@@ -4547,7 +4547,7 @@ veldig bra utvalg av gratis spill som er av hÃ¸y kvalitet. Veldig lett

@@ -4555,7 +4555,7 @@ veldig bra utvalg av gratis spill som er av hÃ¸y kvalitet. Veldig lett

@@ -4571,7 +4571,7 @@ veldig bra utvalg av gratis spill som er av hÃ¸y kvalitet. Veldig lett

diff --git a/blog/tags/isenkram/index.html b/blog/tags/isenkram/index.html index 42f406de5b..e35655eb72 100644 --- a/blog/tags/isenkram/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/isenkram/index.html @@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ please send me an email. :)

@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ please send me an email. :)

@@ -963,7 +963,7 @@ please send me an email. :)

@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ please send me an email. :)

@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ please send me an email. :)

diff --git a/blog/tags/kart/index.html b/blog/tags/kart/index.html index e5b9f8854f..1d0c4f113d 100644 --- a/blog/tags/kart/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/kart/index.html @@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@ det viser at behovet for fribruks-sjÃ¸kart er til stedet.

@@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@ det viser at behovet for fribruks-sjÃ¸kart er til stedet.

@@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@ det viser at behovet for fribruks-sjÃ¸kart er til stedet.

@@ -1318,7 +1318,7 @@ det viser at behovet for fribruks-sjÃ¸kart er til stedet.

@@ -1334,7 +1334,7 @@ det viser at behovet for fribruks-sjÃ¸kart er til stedet.

diff --git a/blog/tags/ldap/index.html b/blog/tags/ldap/index.html index 0f05f2c095..8bb68f6d5d 100644 --- a/blog/tags/ldap/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/ldap/index.html @@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ new IETF work group?

@@ -1117,7 +1117,7 @@ new IETF work group?

@@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ new IETF work group?

@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ new IETF work group?

@@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ new IETF work group?

diff --git a/blog/tags/lenker/index.html b/blog/tags/lenker/index.html index 594bb97e8f..8167216a90 100644 --- a/blog/tags/lenker/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/lenker/index.html @@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ Word 2007 hÃ¥ndterer ODF dÃ¥rlig

@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ Word 2007 hÃ¥ndterer ODF dÃ¥rlig

@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ Word 2007 hÃ¥ndterer ODF dÃ¥rlig

@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ Word 2007 hÃ¥ndterer ODF dÃ¥rlig

@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ Word 2007 hÃ¥ndterer ODF dÃ¥rlig

diff --git a/blog/tags/ltsp/index.html b/blog/tags/ltsp/index.html index fd2d78a4ba..e4e91540ae 100644 --- a/blog/tags/ltsp/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/ltsp/index.html @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ of these cards.

@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ of these cards.

@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ of these cards.

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ of these cards.

@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ of these cards.

diff --git a/blog/tags/mesh network/index.html b/blog/tags/mesh network/index.html index 5f4c7daaf2..d131b50cd9 100644 --- a/blog/tags/mesh network/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/mesh network/index.html @@ -20,6 +20,131 @@

Entries tagged "mesh network".

+ Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images +

+ 27th October 2013 +

+ +

+#!/bin/sh
+set -e # Exit on first error
+rootdir="$1"
+cd "$rootdir"
+cat < etc/apt/sources.list
+deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
+EOF
+# Install non-free binary blob needed to boot Raspberry Pi.  This
+# install a kernel somewhere too.
+wget https://raw.github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update/master/rpi-update \
+    -O $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
+chmod a+x $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
+mkdir -p $rootdir/lib/modules
+touch $rootdir/boot/start.elf
+chroot $rootdir rpi-update
+

+ +

Next, fetch the latest vmdebootstrap script and call it like this +to build the image:

+ +

+sudo ./vmdebootstrap \
+    --variant minbase \
+    --arch armel \
+    --distribution jessie \
+    --mirror http://http.debian.net/debian \
+    --image test.img \
+    --size 600M \
+    --bootsize 64M \
+    --boottype vfat \
+    --log-level debug \
+    --verbose \
+    --no-kernel \
+    --no-extlinux \
+    --root-password raspberry \
+    --hostname raspberrypi \
+    --foreign /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \
+    --customize `pwd`/customize \
+    --package netbase \
+    --package git-core \
+    --package binutils \
+    --package ca-certificates \
+    --package wget \
+    --package kmod
+

+ +

The build host need debootstrap, kpartx and qemu-user-static and +probably a few others installed. I have not checked the complete +build dependency list.

+ +

+ + + Tags: debian, english, freedombox, mesh network. + + +

A Raspberry Pi based batman-adv Mesh network node @@ -298,7 +423,7 @@ mesh system.

@@ -448,7 +573,7 @@ mesh system.

@@ -458,7 +583,7 @@ mesh system.

@@ -466,7 +591,7 @@ mesh system.

@@ -482,7 +607,7 @@ mesh system.

diff --git a/blog/tags/mesh network/mesh network.rss b/blog/tags/mesh network/mesh network.rss index 1c4d3af9e4..aa5d2ea386 100644 --- a/blog/tags/mesh network/mesh network.rss +++ b/blog/tags/mesh network/mesh network.rss @@ -6,6 +6,119 @@ http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/ + + Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html + Sun, 27 Oct 2013 17:00:00 +0100 + The +<a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vmdebootstrap.html">vmdebootstrap</a> +program is a a very nice system to create virtual machine images. It +create a image file, add a partition table, mount it and run +debootstrap in the mounted directory to create a Debian system on a +stick. Yesterday, I decided to try to teach it how to make images for +<a href="https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi">Raspberry Pi</a>, as part +of a plan to simplify the build system for the FreedomBox project. +The FreedomBox project already uses vmdebootstrap for the virtualbox +images, but its home made multistrap based system for Dreamplug +images, and it is lacking support for Raspberry Pi. + +Armed with the knowledge on how to build "foreign" (aka non-native +architecture) chroots for Raspberry Pi, I dived into the vmdebootstrap +code and adjusted it to be able to build armel images on my amd64 +Debian laptop. I ended up giving vmdebootstrap five new options, +allowing me to replicate the image creation process I use to make +<a href=http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_Raspberry_Pi_based_batman_adv_Mesh_network_node.html"">Debian +Jessie based mesh node images for the Raspberry Pi</a>. First, the +<tt>--foreign /path/to/binfm_handler</tt> option tell vmdebootstrap to +call debootstrap with --foreign and to copy the handler into the +generated chroot before running the second stage. This allow +vmdebootstrap to create armel images on an amd64 host. Next I added +two new options <tt>--bootsize size</tt> and <tt>--boottype +fstype</tt> to teach it to create a separate /boot/ partition with the +given file system type, allowing me to create an image with a vfat +partition for the /boot/ stuff. I also added a <tt>--variant +variant</tt> option to allow me to create smaller images without the +Debian base system packages installed. Finally, I added an option +<tt>--no-extlinux</tt> to tell vmdebootstrap to not install extlinux +as a boot loader. It is not needed on the Raspberry Pi and probably +most other non-x86 architectures. The changes were accepted by the +upstream author of vmdebootstrap yesterday and today, and is now +available from +<a href="http://git.liw.fi/cgi-bin/cgit/cgit.cgi/vmdebootstrap/">the +upstream project page</a>. + +To use it to build a Raspberry Pi image using Debian Jessie, first +create a small script (the customize script) to add the non-free +binary blob needed to boot the Raspberry Pi and the APT source +list: + +<pre> +#!/bin/sh +set -e # Exit on first error +rootdir="$1" +cd "$rootdir" +cat <<EOF > etc/apt/sources.list +deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free +EOF +# Install non-free binary blob needed to boot Raspberry Pi. This +# install a kernel somewhere too. +wget https://raw.github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update/master/rpi-update \ + -O $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update +chmod a+x $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update +mkdir -p $rootdir/lib/modules +touch $rootdir/boot/start.elf +chroot $rootdir rpi-update +</pre> + +Next, fetch the latest vmdebootstrap script and call it like this +to build the image: + +<pre> +sudo ./vmdebootstrap \ + --variant minbase \ + --arch armel \ + --distribution jessie \ + --mirror http://http.debian.net/debian \ + --image test.img \ + --size 600M \ + --bootsize 64M \ + --boottype vfat \ + --log-level debug \ + --verbose \ + --no-kernel \ + --no-extlinux \ + --root-password raspberry \ + --hostname raspberrypi \ + --foreign /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \ + --customize `pwd`/customize \ + --package netbase \ + --package git-core \ + --package binutils \ + --package ca-certificates \ + --package wget \ + --package kmod +</pre> + +The list of packages being installed are the ones needed by +rpi-update to make the image bootable on the Raspberry Pi, with the +exception of netbase, which is needed by debootstrap to find +/etc/hosts with the minbase variant. I really wish there was a way to +set up an Raspberry Pi using only packages in the Debian archive, but +that is not possible as far as I know, because it boots from the GPU +using a non-free binary blob. + +The build host need debootstrap, kpartx and qemu-user-static and +probably a few others installed. I have not checked the complete +build dependency list. + +The resulting image will not use the hardware floating point unit +on the Raspberry PI, because the armel architecture in Debian is not +optimized for that use. So the images created will be a bit slower +than <a href="http://www.raspbian.org/">Raspbian</a> based images. + + + A Raspberry Pi based batman-adv Mesh network node http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_Raspberry_Pi_based_batman_adv_Mesh_network_node.html diff --git a/blog/tags/multimedia/index.html b/blog/tags/multimedia/index.html index dba71cceb5..7567924afe 100644 --- a/blog/tags/multimedia/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/multimedia/index.html @@ -1900,7 +1900,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -2050,7 +2050,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -2060,7 +2060,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -2068,7 +2068,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

@@ -2084,7 +2084,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/

diff --git a/blog/tags/norsk/index.html b/blog/tags/norsk/index.html index 8b7d46519c..70155b6a15 100644 --- a/blog/tags/norsk/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/norsk/index.html @@ -17797,7 +17797,7 @@ forsÃ¸k.

@@ -17947,7 +17947,7 @@ forsÃ¸k.

@@ -17957,7 +17957,7 @@ forsÃ¸k.

@@ -17965,7 +17965,7 @@ forsÃ¸k.

@@ -17981,7 +17981,7 @@ forsÃ¸k.

diff --git a/blog/tags/nuug/index.html b/blog/tags/nuug/index.html index 66674d49a3..482714ca4a 100644 --- a/blog/tags/nuug/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/nuug/index.html @@ -10310,7 +10310,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

@@ -10460,7 +10460,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

@@ -10470,7 +10470,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

@@ -10478,7 +10478,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

@@ -10494,7 +10494,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

diff --git a/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn/index.html b/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn/index.html index a7b593f633..ae33491b20 100644 --- a/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn/index.html @@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ til Ã¥ levere hver uke. Har ikke undersÃ¸kt noen av de andre.

@@ -1019,7 +1019,7 @@ til Ã¥ levere hver uke. Har ikke undersÃ¸kt noen av de andre.

@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ til Ã¥ levere hver uke. Har ikke undersÃ¸kt noen av de andre.

@@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ til Ã¥ levere hver uke. Har ikke undersÃ¸kt noen av de andre.

@@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@ til Ã¥ levere hver uke. Har ikke undersÃ¸kt noen av de andre.

diff --git a/blog/tags/open311/index.html b/blog/tags/open311/index.html index 1a6175d9ad..2b74bee8d5 100644 --- a/blog/tags/open311/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/open311/index.html @@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ work like the free software project communities I am used to.

@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ work like the free software project communities I am used to.

@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ work like the free software project communities I am used to.

@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ work like the free software project communities I am used to.

@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ work like the free software project communities I am used to.

diff --git a/blog/tags/opphavsrett/index.html b/blog/tags/opphavsrett/index.html index 446016035b..a19f6a3c8a 100644 --- a/blog/tags/opphavsrett/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/opphavsrett/index.html @@ -3402,7 +3402,7 @@ og endrer pÃ¥ betingelsene.

@@ -3552,7 +3552,7 @@ og endrer pÃ¥ betingelsene.

@@ -3562,7 +3562,7 @@ og endrer pÃ¥ betingelsene.

@@ -3570,7 +3570,7 @@ og endrer pÃ¥ betingelsene.

@@ -3586,7 +3586,7 @@ og endrer pÃ¥ betingelsene.

diff --git a/blog/tags/personvern/index.html b/blog/tags/personvern/index.html index b746684993..fca60c0c5a 100644 --- a/blog/tags/personvern/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/personvern/index.html @@ -5554,7 +5554,7 @@ kontanter for noen dager siden.

@@ -5704,7 +5704,7 @@ kontanter for noen dager siden.

@@ -5714,7 +5714,7 @@ kontanter for noen dager siden.

@@ -5722,7 +5722,7 @@ kontanter for noen dager siden.

@@ -5738,7 +5738,7 @@ kontanter for noen dager siden.

diff --git a/blog/tags/raid/index.html b/blog/tags/raid/index.html index 613fafed48..c5b8068f8c 100644 --- a/blog/tags/raid/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/raid/index.html @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ disk(s) is failing when the RAID is running short on disks.

@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ disk(s) is failing when the RAID is running short on disks.

@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ disk(s) is failing when the RAID is running short on disks.

@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ disk(s) is failing when the RAID is running short on disks.

@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ disk(s) is failing when the RAID is running short on disks.

diff --git a/blog/tags/reprap/index.html b/blog/tags/reprap/index.html index 03a6aafb4d..922a22b1a1 100644 --- a/blog/tags/reprap/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/reprap/index.html @@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ hÃ¥per det ikke gÃ¥r tapt pÃ¥ samme vis.

diff --git a/blog/tags/rfid/index.html b/blog/tags/rfid/index.html index f83aa99866..401943e7da 100644 --- a/blog/tags/rfid/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/rfid/index.html @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ mer om de nye biometriske passene.

@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ mer om de nye biometriske passene.

@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ mer om de nye biometriske passene.

@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ mer om de nye biometriske passene.

@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ mer om de nye biometriske passene.

diff --git a/blog/tags/robot/index.html b/blog/tags/robot/index.html index 6bd59582d0..7f2f4a5d15 100644 --- a/blog/tags/robot/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/robot/index.html @@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ firmwaren. :)

@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ firmwaren. :)

@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ firmwaren. :)

@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ firmwaren. :)

@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ firmwaren. :)

diff --git a/blog/tags/rss/index.html b/blog/tags/rss/index.html index e9bc85418b..30d69bf212 100644 --- a/blog/tags/rss/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/rss/index.html @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ forsÃ¸k.

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ forsÃ¸k.

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ forsÃ¸k.

@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ forsÃ¸k.

@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ forsÃ¸k.

diff --git a/blog/tags/ruter/index.html b/blog/tags/ruter/index.html index 56872edad9..c2b66f3404 100644 --- a/blog/tags/ruter/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/ruter/index.html @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ OsloomrÃ¥det.

@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ OsloomrÃ¥det.

@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ OsloomrÃ¥det.

@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ OsloomrÃ¥det.

@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ OsloomrÃ¥det.

diff --git a/blog/tags/scraperwiki/index.html b/blog/tags/scraperwiki/index.html index f8c98f0b4c..5811f03b55 100644 --- a/blog/tags/scraperwiki/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/scraperwiki/index.html @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ av Ã¥ dele informasjon med andre uten bruksbegresninger.

@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ av Ã¥ dele informasjon med andre uten bruksbegresninger.

@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ av Ã¥ dele informasjon med andre uten bruksbegresninger.

@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ av Ã¥ dele informasjon med andre uten bruksbegresninger.

@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ av Ã¥ dele informasjon med andre uten bruksbegresninger.

diff --git a/blog/tags/sikkerhet/index.html b/blog/tags/sikkerhet/index.html index 43c8590ceb..d39ccca7e6 100644 --- a/blog/tags/sikkerhet/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/sikkerhet/index.html @@ -2199,7 +2199,7 @@ betydelige.

@@ -2349,7 +2349,7 @@ betydelige.

@@ -2359,7 +2359,7 @@ betydelige.

@@ -2367,7 +2367,7 @@ betydelige.

@@ -2383,7 +2383,7 @@ betydelige.

diff --git a/blog/tags/sitesummary/index.html b/blog/tags/sitesummary/index.html index d53176bf9d..05a71e72c2 100644 --- a/blog/tags/sitesummary/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/sitesummary/index.html @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ everything is taken care of.

@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ everything is taken care of.

@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ everything is taken care of.

@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ everything is taken care of.

@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ everything is taken care of.

diff --git a/blog/tags/skepsis/index.html b/blog/tags/skepsis/index.html index b6efc85786..155c26a5d3 100644 --- a/blog/tags/skepsis/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/skepsis/index.html @@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ skyskrapere. Takke meg til en tur til mÃ¥nen.

@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ skyskrapere. Takke meg til en tur til mÃ¥nen.

@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ skyskrapere. Takke meg til en tur til mÃ¥nen.

@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ skyskrapere. Takke meg til en tur til mÃ¥nen.

@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ skyskrapere. Takke meg til en tur til mÃ¥nen.

diff --git a/blog/tags/standard/index.html b/blog/tags/standard/index.html index 4fd4402a38..d2745bf621 100644 --- a/blog/tags/standard/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/standard/index.html @@ -3561,7 +3561,7 @@ Kjenner kun til ufullstendige lÃ¸sninger for slikt.

@@ -3711,7 +3711,7 @@ Kjenner kun til ufullstendige lÃ¸sninger for slikt.

@@ -3721,7 +3721,7 @@ Kjenner kun til ufullstendige lÃ¸sninger for slikt.

@@ -3729,7 +3729,7 @@ Kjenner kun til ufullstendige lÃ¸sninger for slikt.

@@ -3745,7 +3745,7 @@ Kjenner kun til ufullstendige lÃ¸sninger for slikt.

diff --git a/blog/tags/stavekontroll/index.html b/blog/tags/stavekontroll/index.html index 9470762abc..8aa48f0390 100644 --- a/blog/tags/stavekontroll/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/stavekontroll/index.html @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ stavekontrollen.

@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ stavekontrollen.

@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ stavekontrollen.

@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ stavekontrollen.

@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ stavekontrollen.

diff --git a/blog/tags/stortinget/index.html b/blog/tags/stortinget/index.html index 096d2c7235..4652df1cb3 100644 --- a/blog/tags/stortinget/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/stortinget/index.html @@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ at vi i NUUG har fÃ¥tt operativ en norsk utgave av

@@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ at vi i NUUG har fÃ¥tt operativ en norsk utgave av

@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ at vi i NUUG har fÃ¥tt operativ en norsk utgave av

@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ at vi i NUUG har fÃ¥tt operativ en norsk utgave av

@@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ at vi i NUUG har fÃ¥tt operativ en norsk utgave av

diff --git a/blog/tags/surveillance/index.html b/blog/tags/surveillance/index.html index 7fcb49ca25..f59becaccc 100644 --- a/blog/tags/surveillance/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/surveillance/index.html @@ -1436,7 +1436,7 @@ automatisk over i spesialkartet.

@@ -1586,7 +1586,7 @@ automatisk over i spesialkartet.

@@ -1596,7 +1596,7 @@ automatisk over i spesialkartet.

@@ -1604,7 +1604,7 @@ automatisk over i spesialkartet.

@@ -1620,7 +1620,7 @@ automatisk over i spesialkartet.

diff --git a/blog/tags/sysadmin/index.html b/blog/tags/sysadmin/index.html index d1861409e7..f8a09d891f 100644 --- a/blog/tags/sysadmin/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/sysadmin/index.html @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ and DHCP updates I wanted to do.

@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ and DHCP updates I wanted to do.

@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ and DHCP updates I wanted to do.

@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ and DHCP updates I wanted to do.

@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ and DHCP updates I wanted to do.

diff --git a/blog/tags/valg/index.html b/blog/tags/valg/index.html index 7f58c709e3..b55eb2b878 100644 --- a/blog/tags/valg/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/valg/index.html @@ -959,7 +959,7 @@ inneholdt i Iran hvis de ikke hadde hemmelige valg?

@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ inneholdt i Iran hvis de ikke hadde hemmelige valg?

@@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ inneholdt i Iran hvis de ikke hadde hemmelige valg?

@@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ inneholdt i Iran hvis de ikke hadde hemmelige valg?

@@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ inneholdt i Iran hvis de ikke hadde hemmelige valg?

diff --git a/blog/tags/video/index.html b/blog/tags/video/index.html index 66748511c1..55876c43bf 100644 --- a/blog/tags/video/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/video/index.html @@ -3123,7 +3123,7 @@ larger stick as well.

@@ -3273,7 +3273,7 @@ larger stick as well.

@@ -3283,7 +3283,7 @@ larger stick as well.

@@ -3291,7 +3291,7 @@ larger stick as well.

@@ -3307,7 +3307,7 @@ larger stick as well.

diff --git a/blog/tags/vitenskap/index.html b/blog/tags/vitenskap/index.html index 957bf25c0e..d45f01da5b 100644 --- a/blog/tags/vitenskap/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/vitenskap/index.html @@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ skyskrapere. Takke meg til en tur til mÃ¥nen.

@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ skyskrapere. Takke meg til en tur til mÃ¥nen.

@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ skyskrapere. Takke meg til en tur til mÃ¥nen.

@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ skyskrapere. Takke meg til en tur til mÃ¥nen.

@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ skyskrapere. Takke meg til en tur til mÃ¥nen.

diff --git a/blog/tags/web/index.html b/blog/tags/web/index.html index 7d5f2ffa97..ebe8804157 100644 --- a/blog/tags/web/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/web/index.html @@ -2211,7 +2211,7 @@ be the only one fitting our needs. :/