<div class="entry">
<div class="title">
- <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Forcing_new_users_to_change_their_password_on_first_login.html">Forcing new users to change their password on first login</a>
+ <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Parallellized_boot_seem_to_hold_up_well_in_Debian_testing.html">Parallellized boot seem to hold up well in Debian/testing</a>
</div>
<div class="date">
- 2nd May 2010
+ 27th May 2010
</div>
<div class="body">
- <p>One interesting feature in Active Directory, is the ability to
-create a new user with an expired password, and thus force the user to
-change the password on the first login attempt.</p>
-
-<p>I'm not quite sure how to do that with the LDAP setup in Debian
-Edu, but did some initial testing with a local account. The account
-and password aging information is available in /etc/shadow, but
-unfortunately, it is not possible to specify an expiration time for
-passwords, only a maximum age for passwords.</p>
-
-<p>A freshly created account (using adduser test) will have these
-settings in /etc/shadow:</p>
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-root@tjener:~# chage -l test
-Last password change : May 02, 2010
-Password expires : never
-Password inactive : never
-Account expires : never
-Minimum number of days between password change : 0
-Maximum number of days between password change : 99999
-Number of days of warning before password expires : 7
-root@tjener:~#
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<p>The only way I could come up with to create a user with an expired
-account, is to change the date of the last password change to the
-lowest value possible (January 1th 1970), and the maximum password age
-to the difference in days between that date and today. To make it
-simple, I went for 30 years (30 * 365 = 10950) and January 2th (to
-avoid testing if 0 is a valid value).</p>
-
-<p>After using these commands to set it up, it seem to work as
-intended:</p>
-
-<blockquote><pre>
-root@tjener:~# chage -d 1 test; chage -M 10950 test
-root@tjener:~# chage -l test
-Last password change : Jan 02, 1970
-Password expires : never
-Password inactive : never
-Account expires : never
-Minimum number of days between password change : 0
-Maximum number of days between password change : 10950
-Number of days of warning before password expires : 7
-root@tjener:~#
-</pre></blockquote>
-
-<p>So far I have tested this with ssh and console, and kdm (in
-Squeeze) login, and all ask for a new password before login in the
-user (with ssh, I was thrown out and had to log in again).</p>
-
-<p>Perhaps we should set up something similar for Debian Edu, to make
-sure only the user itself have the account password?</p>
-
-<p>If you want to comment on or help out with implementing this for
-Debian Edu, please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.</p>
-
-<p>Update 2010-05-02 17:20: Paul Tötterman tells me on IRC that the
-shadow(8) page in Debian/testing now state that setting the date of
-last password change to zero (0) will force the password to be changed
-on the first login. This was not mentioned in the manual in Lenny, so
-I did not notice this in my initial testing. I have tested it on
-Squeeze, and '<tt>chage -d 0 username</tt>' do work there. I have not
-tested it on Lenny yet.</p>
+ <p>A few days ago, parallel booting was enabled in Debian/testing.
+The feature seem to hold up pretty well, but three fairly serious
+issues are known and should be solved:
-<p>Update 2010-05-02-19:05: Jim Paris tells me via email that an
-equivalent command to expire a password is '<tt>passwd -e
-username</tt>', which insert zero into the date of the last password
-change.</p>
+<p><ul>
- </div>
- <div class="tags">
-
-
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet</a>.
-
-
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="padding"></div>
-
- <div class="entry">
- <div class="title">
- <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Parallellizing_the_boot_in_Debian_Squeeze___ready_for_wider_testing.html">Parallellizing the boot in Debian Squeeze - ready for wider testing</a>
- </div>
- <div class="date">
- 6th May 2010
- </div>
- <div class="body">
- <p>These days, the init.d script dependencies in Squeeze are quite
-complete, so complete that it is actually possible to run all the
-init.d scripts in parallell based on these dependencies. If you want
-to test your Squeeze system, make sure
-<a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot">dependency
-based boot sequencing</a> is enabled, and add this line to
-/etc/default/rcS:</p>
+<li>The wicd package seen to
+<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/508289">break NFS mounting</a> and
+<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/581586">network setup</a> when
+parallel booting is enabled. No idea why, but the wicd maintainer
+seem to be on the case.</li>
-<blockquote><pre>
-CONCURRENCY=makefile
-</pre></blockquote>
+<li>The nvidia X driver seem to
+<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/583312">have a race condition</a>
+triggered more easily when parallel booting is in effect. The
+maintainer is on the case.</li>
-<p>That is it. It will cause sysv-rc to use the startpar tool to run
-scripts in parallel using the dependency information stored in
-/etc/init.d/.depend.boot, /etc/init.d/.depend.start and
-/etc/init.d/.depend.stop to order the scripts. Startpar is configured
-to try to start the kdm and gdm scripts as early as possible, and will
-start the facilities required by kdm or gdm as early as possible to
-make this happen.</p>
+<li>The sysv-rc package fail to properly enable dependency based boot
+sequencing (the shutdown is broken) when old file-rc users
+<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/575080">try to switch back</a> to
+sysv-rc. One way to solve it would be for file-rc to create
+/etc/init.d/.legacy-bootordering, and another is to try to make
+sysv-rc more robust. Will investigate some more and probably upload a
+workaround in sysv-rc to help those trying to move from file-rc to
+sysv-rc get a working shutdown.</li>
-<p>Give it a try, and see if you like the result. If some services
-fail to start properly, it is most likely because they have incomplete
-init.d script dependencies in their startup script (or some of their
-dependent scripts have incomplete dependencies). Report bugs and get
-the package maintainers to fix it. :)</p>
+</ul></p>
-<p>Running scripts in parallel could be the default in Debian when we
-manage to get the init.d script dependencies complete and correct. I
-expect we will get there in Squeeze+1, if we get manage to test and
-fix the remaining issues.</p>
+<p>All in all not many surprising issues, and all of them seem
+solvable before Squeeze is released. In addition to these there are
+some packages with bugs in their dependencies and run level settings,
+which I expect will be fixed in a reasonable time span.</p>
<p>If you report any problems with dependencies in init.d scripts to
the BTS, please usertag the report to get it to show up at
<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?users=initscripts-ng-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org">the
list of usertagged bugs related to this</a>.</p>
+<p>Update: Correct bug number to file-rc issue.</p>
+
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
</div>
<div class="entry">
<div class="title">
- <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/systemd__an_interesting_alternative_to_upstart.html">systemd, an interesting alternative to upstart</a>
+ <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/More_flexible_firmware_handling_in_debian_installer.html">More flexible firmware handling in debian-installer</a>
</div>
<div class="date">
- 13th May 2010
+ 22nd May 2010
</div>
<div class="body">
- <p>The last few days a new boot system called
-<a href="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd">systemd</a>
-has been
-<a href="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd.html">introduced</a>
+ <p>After a long break from debian-installer development, I finally
+found time today to return to the project. Having to spend less time
+working dependency based boot in debian, as it is almost complete now,
+definitely helped freeing some time.</p>
-to the free software world. I have not yet had time to play around
-with it, but it seem to be a very interesting alternative to
-<a href="http://upstart.ubuntu.com/">upstart</a>, and might prove to be
-a good alternative for Debian when we are able to switch to an event
-based boot system. Tollef is
-<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/580814">in the process</a> of getting
-systemd into Debian, and I look forward to seeing how well it work. I
-like the fact that systemd handles init.d scripts with dependency
-information natively, allowing them to run in parallel where upstart
-at the moment do not.</p>
+<p>A while back, I ran into a problem while working on Debian Edu. We
+include some firmware packages on the Debian Edu CDs, those needed to
+get disk and network controllers working. Without having these
+firmware packages available during installation, it is impossible to
+install Debian Edu on the given machine, and because our target group
+are non-technical people, asking them to provide firmware packages on
+an external medium is a support pain. Initially, I expected it to be
+enough to include the firmware packages on the CD to get
+debian-installer to find and use them. This proved to be wrong.
+Next, I hoped it was enough to symlink the relevant firmware packages
+to some useful location on the CD (tried /cdrom/ and
+/cdrom/firmware/). This also proved to not work, and at this point I
+found time to look at the debian-installer code to figure out what was
+going to work.</p>
-<p>Unfortunately do systemd have the same problem as upstart regarding
-platform support. It only work on recent Linux kernels, and also need
-some new kernel features enabled to function properly. This means
-kFreeBSD and Hurd ports of Debian will need a port or a different boot
-system. Not sure how that will be handled if systemd proves to be the
-way forward.</p>
+<p>The firmware loading code is in the hw-detect package, and a closer
+look revealed that it would only look for firmware packages outside
+the installation media, so the CD was never checked for firmware
+packages. It would only check USB sticks, floppies and other
+"external" media devices. Today I changed it to also look in the
+/cdrom/firmware/ directory on the mounted CD or DVD, which should
+solve the problem I ran into with Debian edu. I also changed it to
+look in /firmware/, to make sure the installer also find firmware
+provided in the initrd when booting the installer via PXE, to allow us
+to provide the same feature in the PXE setup included in Debian
+Edu.</p>
-<p>In the mean time, based on the
-<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg00122.html">input
-on debian-devel@</a> regarding parallel booting in Debian, I have
-decided to enable full parallel booting as the default in Debian as
-soon as possible (probably this weekend or early next week), to see if
-there are any remaining serious bugs in the init.d dependencies. A
-new version of the sysvinit package implementing this change is
-already in experimental. If all go well, Squeeze will be released
-with parallel booting enabled by default.</p>
+<p>To make sure firmware deb packages with a license questions are not
+activated without asking if the license is accepted, I extended
+hw-detect to look for preinst scripts in the firmware packages, and
+run these before activating the firmware during installation. The
+license question is asked using debconf in the preinst, so this should
+solve the issue for the firmware packages I have looked at so far.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to discuss the details of these features, please
+contact us on debian-boot@lists.debian.org.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
</div>
<div class="entry">
<div class="title">
- <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_MAC_address_of_all_clients.html">Sitesummary tip: Listing MAC address of all clients</a>
+ <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Magnetstripeinnhold_i_billetter_fra_Flytoget_og_Hurtigruten.html">Magnetstripeinnhold i billetter fra Flytoget og Hurtigruten</a>
</div>
<div class="date">
- 14th May 2010
+ 21st May 2010
</div>
<div class="body">
- <p>In the recent Debian Edu versions, the
-<a href="http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/SiteSummary">sitesummary
-system</a> is used to keep track of the machines in the school
-network. Each machine will automatically report its status to the
-central server after boot and once per night. The network setup is
-also reported, and using this information it is possible to get the
-MAC address of all network interfaces in the machines. This is useful
-to update the DHCP configuration.</p>
+ <p>For en stund tilbake kjøpte jeg en magnetkortleser for å kunne
+titte på hva som er skrevet inn på magnetstripene til ulike kort. Har
+ikke hatt tid til å analysere mange kort så langt, men tenkte jeg
+skulle dele innholdet på to kort med mine lesere.</p>
-<p>To give some idea how to use sitesummary, here is a one-liner to
-ist all MAC addresses of all machines reporting to sitesummary. Run
-this on the collector host:</p>
+<p>For noen dager siden tok jeg flyet til Harstad og Hurtigruten til
+Bergen. Flytoget fra Oslo S til flyplassen ga meg en billett med
+magnetstripe. Påtrykket finner jeg følgende informasjon:</p>
-<blockquote><pre>
-perl -MSiteSummary -e 'for_all_hosts(sub { print join(" ", get_macaddresses(shift)), "\n"; });'
-</pre></blockquote>
+<pre>
+Flytoget Airport Express Train
-<p>This will list all MAC addresses assosiated with all machine, one
-line per machine and with space between the MAC addresses.</p>
+Fra - Til : Oslo Sentralstasjon
+Kategori : Voksen
+Pris : Nok 170,00
+Herav mva. 8,00% : NOK 12,59
+Betaling : Kontant
+Til - Fra : Oslo Lufthavn
+Utstedt: : 08.05.10
+Gyldig Fra-Til : 08.05.10-07.11.10
+Billetttype : Enkeltbillett
-<p>To allow system administrators easier job at adding static DHCP
-addresses for hosts, it would be possible to extend this to fetch
-machine information from sitesummary and update the DHCP and DNS
-tables in LDAP using this information. Such tool is unfortunately not
-written yet.</p>
+102-1015-100508-48382-01-08
+</pre>
- </div>
- <div class="tags">
-
-
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary</a>.
-
-
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="padding"></div>
-
- <div class="entry">
- <div class="title">
- <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Parallellized_boot_is_now_the_default_in_Debian_unstable.html">Parallellized boot is now the default in Debian/unstable</a>
- </div>
- <div class="date">
- 14th May 2010
- </div>
- <div class="body">
- <p>Since this evening, parallel booting is the default in
-Debian/unstable for machines using dependency based boot sequencing.
-Apparently the testing of concurrent booting has been wider than
-expected, if I am to believe the
-<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg00122.html">input
-on debian-devel@</a>, and I concluded a few days ago to move forward
-with the feature this weekend, to give us some time to detect any
-remaining problems before Squeeze is frozen. If serious problems are
-detected, it is simple to change the default back to sequential boot.
-The upload of the new sysvinit package also activate a new upstream
-version.</p>
+<p>På selve magnetstripen er innholdet
+<tt>;E?+900120011=23250996541068112619257138248441708433322932704083389389062603279671261502492655?</tt>.
+Aner ikke hva innholdet representerer, og det er lite overlapp mellom
+det jeg ser trykket på billetten og det jeg ser av tegn i
+magnetstripen. Håper det betyr at de bruker kryptografiske metoder
+for å gjøre det vanskelig å forfalske billetter.</p>
-More information about
-<a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot">dependency
-based boot sequencing</a> is available from the Debian wiki. It is
-currently possible to disable parallel booting when one run into
-problems caused by it, by adding this line to /etc/default/rcS:</p>
+<p>Den andre billetten er fra Hurtigruten, der jeg mistenker at
+strekkoden på fronten er mer brukt enn magnetstripen (det var i hvert
+fall den biten vi stakk inn i dørlåsen).</p>
-<blockquote><pre>
-CONCURRENCY=none
-</pre></blockquote>
+<p>Påtrykket forsiden er følgende:</p>
-<p>If you report any problems with dependencies in init.d scripts to
-the BTS, please usertag the report to get it to show up at
-<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?users=initscripts-ng-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org">the
-list of usertagged bugs related to this</a>.</p>
+<pre>
+Romnummer 727
+Hurtigruten
+Midnatsol
+Reinholdtsen
+Petter
+Bookingno: SAX69 0742193
+Harstad-Bergen
+Dep: 09.05.2010 Arr: 12.05.2010
+Lugar fra Risøyhamn
+Kost: FRO=4
+</pre>
+
+<p>På selve magnetstripen er innholdet
+<tt>;1316010007421930=00000000000000000000?+E?</tt>. Heller ikke her
+ser jeg mye korrespondanse mellom påtrykk og magnetstripe.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet</a>.
</div>
<div class="entry">
<div class="title">
- <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Magnetstripeinnhold_i_billetter_fra_Flytoget_og_Hurtigruten.html">Magnetstripeinnhold i billetter fra Flytoget og Hurtigruten</a>
+ <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Parallellized_boot_is_now_the_default_in_Debian_unstable.html">Parallellized boot is now the default in Debian/unstable</a>
</div>
<div class="date">
- 21st May 2010
+ 14th May 2010
</div>
<div class="body">
- <p>For en stund tilbake kjøpte jeg en magnetkortleser for å kunne
-titte på hva som er skrevet inn på magnetstripene til ulike kort. Har
-ikke hatt tid til å analysere mange kort så langt, men tenkte jeg
-skulle dele innholdet på to kort med mine lesere.</p>
+ <p>Since this evening, parallel booting is the default in
+Debian/unstable for machines using dependency based boot sequencing.
+Apparently the testing of concurrent booting has been wider than
+expected, if I am to believe the
+<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg00122.html">input
+on debian-devel@</a>, and I concluded a few days ago to move forward
+with the feature this weekend, to give us some time to detect any
+remaining problems before Squeeze is frozen. If serious problems are
+detected, it is simple to change the default back to sequential boot.
+The upload of the new sysvinit package also activate a new upstream
+version.</p>
-<p>For noen dager siden tok jeg flyet til Harstad og Hurtigruten til
-Bergen. Flytoget fra Oslo S til flyplassen ga meg en billett med
-magnetstripe. Påtrykket finner jeg følgende informasjon:</p>
+More information about
+<a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot">dependency
+based boot sequencing</a> is available from the Debian wiki. It is
+currently possible to disable parallel booting when one run into
+problems caused by it, by adding this line to /etc/default/rcS:</p>
-<pre>
-Flytoget Airport Express Train
+<blockquote><pre>
+CONCURRENCY=none
+</pre></blockquote>
-Fra - Til : Oslo Sentralstasjon
-Kategori : Voksen
-Pris : Nok 170,00
-Herav mva. 8,00% : NOK 12,59
-Betaling : Kontant
-Til - Fra : Oslo Lufthavn
-Utstedt: : 08.05.10
-Gyldig Fra-Til : 08.05.10-07.11.10
-Billetttype : Enkeltbillett
+<p>If you report any problems with dependencies in init.d scripts to
+the BTS, please usertag the report to get it to show up at
+<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?users=initscripts-ng-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org">the
+list of usertagged bugs related to this</a>.</p>
-102-1015-100508-48382-01-08
-</pre>
+ </div>
+ <div class="tags">
+
+
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
+
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="padding"></div>
+
+ <div class="entry">
+ <div class="title">
+ <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_MAC_address_of_all_clients.html">Sitesummary tip: Listing MAC address of all clients</a>
+ </div>
+ <div class="date">
+ 14th May 2010
+ </div>
+ <div class="body">
+ <p>In the recent Debian Edu versions, the
+<a href="http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/SiteSummary">sitesummary
+system</a> is used to keep track of the machines in the school
+network. Each machine will automatically report its status to the
+central server after boot and once per night. The network setup is
+also reported, and using this information it is possible to get the
+MAC address of all network interfaces in the machines. This is useful
+to update the DHCP configuration.</p>
+
+<p>To give some idea how to use sitesummary, here is a one-liner to
+ist all MAC addresses of all machines reporting to sitesummary. Run
+this on the collector host:</p>
+
+<blockquote><pre>
+perl -MSiteSummary -e 'for_all_hosts(sub { print join(" ", get_macaddresses(shift)), "\n"; });'
+</pre></blockquote>
-<p>På selve magnetstripen er innholdet
-<tt>;E?+900120011=23250996541068112619257138248441708433322932704083389389062603279671261502492655?</tt>.
-Aner ikke hva innholdet representerer, og det er lite overlapp mellom
-det jeg ser trykket på billetten og det jeg ser av tegn i
-magnetstripen. Håper det betyr at de bruker kryptografiske metoder
-for å gjøre det vanskelig å forfalske billetter.</p>
+<p>This will list all MAC addresses assosiated with all machine, one
+line per machine and with space between the MAC addresses.</p>
-<p>Den andre billetten er fra Hurtigruten, der jeg mistenker at
-strekkoden på fronten er mer brukt enn magnetstripen (det var i hvert
-fall den biten vi stakk inn i dørlåsen).</p>
+<p>To allow system administrators easier job at adding static DHCP
+addresses for hosts, it would be possible to extend this to fetch
+machine information from sitesummary and update the DHCP and DNS
+tables in LDAP using this information. Such tool is unfortunately not
+written yet.</p>
-<p>Påtrykket forsiden er følgende:</p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="tags">
+
+
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary</a>.
+
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="padding"></div>
+
+ <div class="entry">
+ <div class="title">
+ <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/systemd__an_interesting_alternative_to_upstart.html">systemd, an interesting alternative to upstart</a>
+ </div>
+ <div class="date">
+ 13th May 2010
+ </div>
+ <div class="body">
+ <p>The last few days a new boot system called
+<a href="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd">systemd</a>
+has been
+<a href="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd.html">introduced</a>
-<pre>
-Romnummer 727
-Hurtigruten
-Midnatsol
-Reinholdtsen
-Petter
-Bookingno: SAX69 0742193
-Harstad-Bergen
-Dep: 09.05.2010 Arr: 12.05.2010
-Lugar fra Risøyhamn
-Kost: FRO=4
-</pre>
+to the free software world. I have not yet had time to play around
+with it, but it seem to be a very interesting alternative to
+<a href="http://upstart.ubuntu.com/">upstart</a>, and might prove to be
+a good alternative for Debian when we are able to switch to an event
+based boot system. Tollef is
+<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/580814">in the process</a> of getting
+systemd into Debian, and I look forward to seeing how well it work. I
+like the fact that systemd handles init.d scripts with dependency
+information natively, allowing them to run in parallel where upstart
+at the moment do not.</p>
-<p>På selve magnetstripen er innholdet
-<tt>;1316010007421930=00000000000000000000?+E?</tt>. Heller ikke her
-ser jeg mye korrespondanse mellom påtrykk og magnetstripe.</p>
+<p>Unfortunately do systemd have the same problem as upstart regarding
+platform support. It only work on recent Linux kernels, and also need
+some new kernel features enabled to function properly. This means
+kFreeBSD and Hurd ports of Debian will need a port or a different boot
+system. Not sure how that will be handled if systemd proves to be the
+way forward.</p>
+
+<p>In the mean time, based on the
+<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg00122.html">input
+on debian-devel@</a> regarding parallel booting in Debian, I have
+decided to enable full parallel booting as the default in Debian as
+soon as possible (probably this weekend or early next week), to see if
+there are any remaining serious bugs in the init.d dependencies. A
+new version of the sysvinit package implementing this change is
+already in experimental. If all go well, Squeeze will be released
+with parallel booting enabled by default.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>.
</div>
<div class="entry">
<div class="title">
- <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/More_flexible_firmware_handling_in_debian_installer.html">More flexible firmware handling in debian-installer</a>
+ <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Parallellizing_the_boot_in_Debian_Squeeze___ready_for_wider_testing.html">Parallellizing the boot in Debian Squeeze - ready for wider testing</a>
</div>
<div class="date">
- 22nd May 2010
+ 6th May 2010
</div>
<div class="body">
- <p>After a long break from debian-installer development, I finally
-found time today to return to the project. Having to spend less time
-working dependency based boot in debian, as it is almost complete now,
-definitely helped freeing some time.</p>
+ <p>These days, the init.d script dependencies in Squeeze are quite
+complete, so complete that it is actually possible to run all the
+init.d scripts in parallell based on these dependencies. If you want
+to test your Squeeze system, make sure
+<a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot">dependency
+based boot sequencing</a> is enabled, and add this line to
+/etc/default/rcS:</p>
-<p>A while back, I ran into a problem while working on Debian Edu. We
-include some firmware packages on the Debian Edu CDs, those needed to
-get disk and network controllers working. Without having these
-firmware packages available during installation, it is impossible to
-install Debian Edu on the given machine, and because our target group
-are non-technical people, asking them to provide firmware packages on
-an external medium is a support pain. Initially, I expected it to be
-enough to include the firmware packages on the CD to get
-debian-installer to find and use them. This proved to be wrong.
-Next, I hoped it was enough to symlink the relevant firmware packages
-to some useful location on the CD (tried /cdrom/ and
-/cdrom/firmware/). This also proved to not work, and at this point I
-found time to look at the debian-installer code to figure out what was
-going to work.</p>
+<blockquote><pre>
+CONCURRENCY=makefile
+</pre></blockquote>
-<p>The firmware loading code is in the hw-detect package, and a closer
-look revealed that it would only look for firmware packages outside
-the installation media, so the CD was never checked for firmware
-packages. It would only check USB sticks, floppies and other
-"external" media devices. Today I changed it to also look in the
-/cdrom/firmware/ directory on the mounted CD or DVD, which should
-solve the problem I ran into with Debian edu. I also changed it to
-look in /firmware/, to make sure the installer also find firmware
-provided in the initrd when booting the installer via PXE, to allow us
-to provide the same feature in the PXE setup included in Debian
-Edu.</p>
+<p>That is it. It will cause sysv-rc to use the startpar tool to run
+scripts in parallel using the dependency information stored in
+/etc/init.d/.depend.boot, /etc/init.d/.depend.start and
+/etc/init.d/.depend.stop to order the scripts. Startpar is configured
+to try to start the kdm and gdm scripts as early as possible, and will
+start the facilities required by kdm or gdm as early as possible to
+make this happen.</p>
-<p>To make sure firmware deb packages with a license questions are not
-activated without asking if the license is accepted, I extended
-hw-detect to look for preinst scripts in the firmware packages, and
-run these before activating the firmware during installation. The
-license question is asked using debconf in the preinst, so this should
-solve the issue for the firmware packages I have looked at so far.</p>
+<p>Give it a try, and see if you like the result. If some services
+fail to start properly, it is most likely because they have incomplete
+init.d script dependencies in their startup script (or some of their
+dependent scripts have incomplete dependencies). Report bugs and get
+the package maintainers to fix it. :)</p>
-<p>If you want to discuss the details of these features, please
-contact us on debian-boot@lists.debian.org.</p>
+<p>Running scripts in parallel could be the default in Debian when we
+manage to get the init.d script dependencies complete and correct. I
+expect we will get there in Squeeze+1, if we get manage to test and
+fix the remaining issues.</p>
+
+<p>If you report any problems with dependencies in init.d scripts to
+the BTS, please usertag the report to get it to show up at
+<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?users=initscripts-ng-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org">the
+list of usertagged bugs related to this</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/
debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/
bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
</div>
<div class="entry">
<div class="title">
- <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Parallellized_boot_seem_to_hold_up_well_in_Debian_testing.html">Parallellized boot seem to hold up well in Debian/testing</a>
+ <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Forcing_new_users_to_change_their_password_on_first_login.html">Forcing new users to change their password on first login</a>
</div>
<div class="date">
- 27th May 2010
+ 2nd May 2010
</div>
<div class="body">
- <p>A few days ago, parallel booting was enabled in Debian/testing.
-The feature seem to hold up pretty well, but three fairly serious
-issues are known and should be solved:
+ <p>One interesting feature in Active Directory, is the ability to
+create a new user with an expired password, and thus force the user to
+change the password on the first login attempt.</p>
-<p><ul>
+<p>I'm not quite sure how to do that with the LDAP setup in Debian
+Edu, but did some initial testing with a local account. The account
+and password aging information is available in /etc/shadow, but
+unfortunately, it is not possible to specify an expiration time for
+passwords, only a maximum age for passwords.</p>
-<li>The wicd package seen to
-<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/508289">break NFS mounting</a> and
-<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/581586">network setup</a> when
-parallel booting is enabled. No idea why, but the wicd maintainer
-seem to be on the case.</li>
+<p>A freshly created account (using adduser test) will have these
+settings in /etc/shadow:</p>
-<li>The nvidia X driver seem to
-<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/583312">have a race condition</a>
-triggered more easily when parallel booting is in effect. The
-maintainer is on the case.</li>
+<blockquote><pre>
+root@tjener:~# chage -l test
+Last password change : May 02, 2010
+Password expires : never
+Password inactive : never
+Account expires : never
+Minimum number of days between password change : 0
+Maximum number of days between password change : 99999
+Number of days of warning before password expires : 7
+root@tjener:~#
+</pre></blockquote>
-<li>The sysv-rc package fail to properly enable dependency based boot
-sequencing (the shutdown is broken) when old file-rc users
-<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/575080">try to switch back</a> to
-sysv-rc. One way to solve it would be for file-rc to create
-/etc/init.d/.legacy-bootordering, and another is to try to make
-sysv-rc more robust. Will investigate some more and probably upload a
-workaround in sysv-rc to help those trying to move from file-rc to
-sysv-rc get a working shutdown.</li>
+<p>The only way I could come up with to create a user with an expired
+account, is to change the date of the last password change to the
+lowest value possible (January 1th 1970), and the maximum password age
+to the difference in days between that date and today. To make it
+simple, I went for 30 years (30 * 365 = 10950) and January 2th (to
+avoid testing if 0 is a valid value).</p>
-</ul></p>
+<p>After using these commands to set it up, it seem to work as
+intended:</p>
-<p>All in all not many surprising issues, and all of them seem
-solvable before Squeeze is released. In addition to these there are
-some packages with bugs in their dependencies and run level settings,
-which I expect will be fixed in a reasonable time span.</p>
+<blockquote><pre>
+root@tjener:~# chage -d 1 test; chage -M 10950 test
+root@tjener:~# chage -l test
+Last password change : Jan 02, 1970
+Password expires : never
+Password inactive : never
+Account expires : never
+Minimum number of days between password change : 0
+Maximum number of days between password change : 10950
+Number of days of warning before password expires : 7
+root@tjener:~#
+</pre></blockquote>
-<p>If you report any problems with dependencies in init.d scripts to
-the BTS, please usertag the report to get it to show up at
-<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?users=initscripts-ng-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org">the
-list of usertagged bugs related to this</a>.</p>
+<p>So far I have tested this with ssh and console, and kdm (in
+Squeeze) login, and all ask for a new password before login in the
+user (with ssh, I was thrown out and had to log in again).</p>
-<p>Update: Correct bug number to file-rc issue.</p>
+<p>Perhaps we should set up something similar for Debian Edu, to make
+sure only the user itself have the account password?</p>
+
+<p>If you want to comment on or help out with implementing this for
+Debian Edu, please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.</p>
+
+<p>Update 2010-05-02 17:20: Paul Tötterman tells me on IRC that the
+shadow(8) page in Debian/testing now state that setting the date of
+last password change to zero (0) will force the password to be changed
+on the first login. This was not mentioned in the manual in Lenny, so
+I did not notice this in my initial testing. I have tested it on
+Squeeze, and '<tt>chage -d 0 username</tt>' do work there. I have not
+tested it on Lenny yet.</p>
+
+<p>Update 2010-05-02-19:05: Jim Paris tells me via email that an
+equivalent command to expire a password is '<tt>passwd -e
+username</tt>', which insert zero into the date of the last password
+change.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet</a>.
</div>
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