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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Alle_Stortingets_mobiltelefoner_kontrolleres_fra_USA___.html">Alle Stortingets mobiltelefoner kontrolleres fra USA...</a></div>
  24       <div class="date"> 7th October 2015</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Jeg lot meg fascinere av
  26 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/Stortinget-har-tilgang-til-a-fjernstyre-600-mobiler-8192692.html">en
  27 artikkel i Aftenposten</a> der det fortelles at «over 600 telefoner som
  28 benyttes av stortingsrepresentanter, rådgivere og ansatte på
  29 Stortinget, kan «fjernstyres» ved hjelp av
  30 <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.airwatch.androidagent">programvaren
  31 Airwatch</a>, et såkalte MDM-program (Mobile Device Managment)».  Det
  32 hele bagatelliseres av Stortingets IT-stab, men det er i hovedsak på
  33 grunn av at journalisten ikke stiller de relevante spørsmålene.  For
  34 meg er det relevante spørsmålet hvem som har lovlig tilgang (i henhold
  35 til lokal lovgiving, dvs. i hvert fall i Norge, Sverige, UK og USA)
  36 til informasjon om og på telefonene, og hvor enkelt det er å skaffe
  37 seg tilgang til hvor mobilene befinner seg og informasjon som befinner
  38 seg på telefonene ved hjelp av utro tjenere, trusler, innbrudd og
  39 andre ulovlige metoder.</p>
  40
  41 <p>Bruken av AirWatch betyr i realiteten at USAs etteretning og
  42 politimyndigheter har full tilgang til stortingets mobiltelefoner,
  43 inkludert posisjon og innhold, takket være
  44 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act_of_1978_Amendments_Act_of_2008">FISAAA-loven</a>
  45 og
  46 "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_security_letter">National
  47 Security Letters</a>" og det enkle faktum at AirWatch er kontrollert
  48 av et selskap i USA.  I tillegg er det kjent at kan flere lands
  49 etterretningstjenester kan lytte på trafikken når den passerer
  50 landegrensene.</p>
  51
  52 <p>Jeg har bedt om mer informasjon
  53 <a href="https://www.mimesbronn.no/request/saksnummer_for_saker_anganede_br">fra
  54 Stortinget om bruken av AirWatch</a> via Mimes brønn så får vi se hva
  55 de har å fortelle om saken.  Fant ingenting om 'airwatch' i
  56 postjournalen til Stortinget, så jeg trenger hjelp før jeg kan be om
  57 innsyn i konkrete dokumenter.</p>
  58 </div>
  59       <div class="tags">
  60
  61
  62         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
  63
  64
  65       </div>
  66     </div>
  67     <div class="padding"></div>
  68
  69     <div class="entry">
  70       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/French_Docbook_PDF_EPUB_MOBI_edition_of_the_Free_Culture_book.html">French Docbook/PDF/EPUB/MOBI edition of the Free Culture book</a></div>
  71       <div class="date"> 1st October 2015</div>
  72       <div class="body"><p>As I wrap up the Norwegian version of
  73 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">Free
  74 Culture</a> book by Lawrence Lessig (still waiting for my final proof
  75 reading copy to arrive in the mail), my great
  76 <a href="http://dblatex.sourceforge.net/">dblatex</a> helper and
  77 developer of the dblatex docbook processor, Benoît Guillon, decided a
  78 to try to create a French version of the book.  He started with the
  79 French translation available from the
  80 <a href="http://www.wikilivres.ca/wiki/Culture_libre">Wikilivres wiki
  81 pages</a>, and wrote a program to convert it into a PO file, allowing
  82 the translation to be integrated into the po4a based framework I use
  83 to create the Norwegian translation from the English edition.  We meet
  84 on the <a href="irc://irc.freenode.net/%23dblatex">#dblatex IRC
  85 channel</a> to discuss the work.  If you want to help create a French
  86 edition, check out
  87 <a href="https://github.com/marsgui/free-culture-lessig">his git
  88 repository</a> and join us on IRC.  If the French edition look good,
  89 we might publish it as a paper book on lulu.com.  A French version of
  90 the drawings and the cover need to be provided for this to happen.</p>
  91 </div>
  92       <div class="tags">
  93
  94
  95         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
  96
  97
  98       </div>
  99     </div>
 100     <div class="padding"></div>
 101
 102     <div class="entry">
 103       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_life_and_death_of_a_laptop_battery.html">The life and death of a laptop battery</a></div>
 104       <div class="date">24th September 2015</div>
 105       <div class="body"><p>When I get a new laptop, the battery life time at the start is OK.
 106 But this do not last.  The last few laptops gave me a feeling that
 107 within a year, the life time is just a fraction of what it used to be,
 108 and it slowly become painful to use the laptop without power connected
 109 all the time.  Because of this, when I got a new Thinkpad X230 laptop
 110 about two years ago, I decided to monitor its battery state to have
 111 more hard facts when the battery started to fail.</p>
 112
 113 <img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-09-24-laptop-battery-graph.png"/>
 114
 115 <p>First I tried to find a sensible Debian package to record the
 116 battery status, assuming that this must be a problem already handled
 117 by someone else.  I found
 118 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/battery-stats">battery-stats</a>,
 119 which collects statistics from the battery, but it was completely
 120 broken.  I sent a few suggestions to the maintainer, but decided to
 121 write my own collector as a shell script while I waited for feedback
 122 from him.  Via
 123 <a href="http://www.ifweassume.com/2013/08/the-de-evolution-of-my-laptop-battery.html">a
 124 blog post about the battery development on a MacBook Air</a> I also
 125 discovered
 126 <a href="https://github.com/jradavenport/batlog.git">batlog</a>, not
 127 available in Debian.</p>
 128
 129 <p>I started my collector 2013-07-15, and it has been collecting
 130 battery stats ever since. Now my
 131 /var/log/hjemmenett-battery-status.log file contain around 115,000
 132 measurements, from the time the battery was working great until now,
 133 when it is unable to charge above 7% of original capacity.  My
 134 collector shell script is quite simple and look like this:</p>
 135
 136 <pre>
 137 #!/bin/sh
 138 # Inspired by
 139 # http://www.ifweassume.com/2013/08/the-de-evolution-of-my-laptop-battery.html
 140 # See also
 141 # http://blog.sleeplessbeastie.eu/2013/01/02/debian-how-to-monitor-battery-capacity/
 142 logfile=/var/log/hjemmenett-battery-status.log
 143
 144 files="manufacturer model_name technology serial_number \
 145     energy_full energy_full_design energy_now cycle_count status"
 146
 147 if [ ! -e "$logfile" ] ; then
 148     (
 149         printf "timestamp,"
 150         for f in $files; do
 151             printf "%s," $f
 152         done
 153         echo
 154     ) > "$logfile"
 155 fi
 156
 157 log_battery() {
 158     # Print complete message in one echo call, to avoid race condition
 159     # when several log processes run in parallel.
 160     msg=$(printf "%s," $(date +%s); \
 161         for f in $files; do \
 162             printf "%s," $(cat $f); \
 163         done)
 164     echo "$msg"
 165 }
 166
 167 cd /sys/class/power_supply
 168
 169 for bat in BAT*; do
 170     (cd $bat && log_battery >> "$logfile")
 171 done
 172 </pre>
 173
 174 <p>The script is called when the power management system detect a
 175 change in the power status (power plug in or out), and when going into
 176 and out of hibernation and suspend.  In addition, it collect a value
 177 every 10 minutes.  This make it possible for me know when the battery
 178 is discharging, charging and how the maximum charge change over time.
 179 The code for the Debian package
 180 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/battery-status">is now
 181 available on github</a>.</p>
 182
 183 <p>The collected log file look like this:</p>
 184
 185 <pre>
 186 timestamp,manufacturer,model_name,technology,serial_number,energy_full,energy_full_design,energy_now,cycle_count,status,
 187 1376591133,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,62800000,62160000,39050000,0,Discharging,
 188 [...]
 189 1443090528,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,4900000,62160000,4900000,0,Full,
 190 1443090601,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,4900000,62160000,4900000,0,Full,
 191 </pre>
 192
 193 <p>I wrote a small script to create a graph of the charge development
 194 over time.  This graph depicted above show the slow death of my laptop
 195 battery.</p>
 196
 197 <p>But why is this happening?  Why are my laptop batteries always
 198 dying in a year or two, while the batteries of space probes and
 199 satellites keep working year after year.  If we are to believe
 200 <a href="http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/how_to_prolong_lithium_based_batteries">Battery
 201 University</a>, the cause is me charging the battery whenever I have a
 202 chance, and the fix is to not charge the Lithium-ion batteries to 100%
 203 all the time, but to stay below 90% of full charge most of the time.
 204 I've been told that the Tesla electric cars
 205 <a href="http://my.teslamotors.com/de_CH/forum/forums/battery-charge-limit">limit
 206 the charge of their batteries to 80%</a>, with the option to charge to
 207 100% when preparing for a longer trip (not that I would want a car
 208 like Tesla where rights to privacy is abandoned, but that is another
 209 story), which I guess is the option we should have for laptops on
 210 Linux too.</p>
 211
 212 <p>Is there a good and generic way with Linux to tell the battery to
 213 stop charging at 80%, unless requested to charge to 100% once in
 214 preparation for a longer trip?  I found
 215 <a href="http://askubuntu.com/questions/34452/how-can-i-limit-battery-charging-to-80-capacity">one
 216 recipe on askubuntu for Ubuntu to limit charging on Thinkpad to
 217 80%</a>, but could not get it to work (kernel module refused to
 218 load).</p>
 219
 220 <p>I wonder why the battery capacity was reported to be more than 100%
 221 at the start.  I also wonder why the "full capacity" increases some
 222 times, and if it is possible to repeat the process to get the battery
 223 back to design capacity.  And I wonder if the discharge and charge
 224 speed change over time, or if this stay the same.  I did not yet try
 225 to write a tool to calculate the derivative values of the battery
 226 level, but suspect some interesting insights might be learned from
 227 those.</p>
 228
 229 <p>Update 2015-09-24: I got a tip to install the packages
 230 acpi-call-dkms and tlp (unfortunately missing in Debian stable)
 231 packages instead of the tp-smapi-dkms package I had tried to use
 232 initially, and use 'tlp setcharge 40 80' to change when charging start
 233 and stop.  I've done so now, but expect my existing battery is toast
 234 and need to be replaced.  The proposal is unfortunately Thinkpad
 235 specific.</p>
 236 </div>
 237       <div class="tags">
 238
 239
 240         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 241
 242
 243       </div>
 244     </div>
 245     <div class="padding"></div>
 246
 247     <div class="entry">
 248       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Book_cover_for_the_Free_Culture_book_finally_done.html">Book cover for the Free Culture book finally done</a></div>
 249       <div class="date"> 3rd September 2015</div>
 250       <div class="body"><p>Creating a good looking book cover proved harder than I expected.
 251 I wanted to create a cover looking similar to the original cover of
 252 the
 253 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">Free
 254 Culture</a> book we are translating to Norwegian, and I wanted it in
 255 vector format for high resolution printing.  But my inkscape knowledge
 256 were not nearly good enough to pull that off.
 257
 258 <p>But thanks to the great inkscape community, I was able to wrap up
 259 the cover yesterday evening.  I asked on the
 260 <a href="irc://irc.freenode.net/%23inkscape">#inkscape IRC channel</a>
 261 on Freenode for help and clues, and Marc Jeanmougin (Mc-) volunteered
 262 to try to recreate it based on the PDF of the cover from the HTML
 263 version.  Not only did he create a
 264 <a href="https://marc.jeanmougin.fr/share/copy1.svg ">SVG document with
 265 the original and his vector version side by side</a>, he even provided
 266 an <a href="https://marc.jeanmougin.fr/share/out-1.ogv">instruction
 267 video</a> explaining how he did it</a>.  But the instruction video is
 268 not easy to follow for an untrained inkscape user. The video is a
 269 recording on how he did it, and he is obviously very experienced as
 270 the menu selections are very quick and he mentioned on IRC that he did
 271 use some keyboard shortcuts that can't be seen on the video, but it
 272 give a good idea about the inkscape operations to use to create the
 273 stripes with the embossed copyright sign in the center.</p>
 274
 275 <p>I took his SVG file, copied the vector image and re-sized it to fit
 276 on the cover I was drawing.  I am happy with the end result, and the
 277 current english version look like this:</p>
 278
 279 <img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-09-03-free-culture-cover.png" width="70%" align="center"/>
 280
 281 <p>I am not quite sure about the text on the back, but guess it will
 282 do.  I picked three quotes from the official site for the book, and
 283 hope it will work to trigger the interest of potential readers.  The
 284 Norwegian cover will look the same, but with the texts and bar code
 285 replaced with the Norwegian version.</p>
 286
 287 <p>The book is very close to being ready for publication, and I expect
 288 to upload the final draft to Lulu in the next few days and order a
 289 final proof reading copy to verify that everything look like it should
 290 before allowing everyone to order their own copy of Free Culture, in
 291 English or Norwegian Bokmål.  I'm waiting to give the the productive
 292 proof readers a chance to complete their work.</p>
 293 </div>
 294       <div class="tags">
 295
 296
 297         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 298
 299
 300       </div>
 301     </div>
 302     <div class="padding"></div>
 303
 304     <div class="entry">
 305       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/In_my_hand__a_pocket_book_edition_of_the_Norwegian_Free_Culture_book_.html">In my hand, a pocket book edition of the Norwegian Free Culture book!</a></div>
 306       <div class="date">19th August 2015</div>
 307       <div class="body"><p>Today, finally, my first printed draft edition of the Norwegian
 308 translation of Free Culture I have been working on for the last few
 309 years arrived in the mail.  I had to fake a cover to get the interior
 310 printed, and the exterior of the book look awful, but that is
 311 irrelevant at this point.  I asked for a printed pocket book version
 312 to get an idea about the font sizes and paper format as well as how
 313 good the figures and images look in print, but also to test what the
 314 pocket book version would look like.  After receiving the 500 page
 315 pocket book, it became obvious to me that that pocket book size is too
 316 small for this book.  I believe the book is too thick, and several
 317 tables and figures do not look good in the size they get with that
 318 small page sizes.  I believe I will go with the 5.5x8.5 inch size
 319 instead.  A surprise discovery from the paper version was how bad the
 320 URLs look in print.  They are very hard to read in the colophon page.
 321 The URLs are red in the PDF, but light gray on paper.  I need to
 322 change the color of links somehow to look better.  But there is a
 323 printed book in my hand, and it feels great. :)</p>
 324
 325 <p>Now I only need to fix the cover, wrap up the postscript with the
 326 store behind the book, and collect the last corrections from the proof
 327 readers before the book is ready for proper printing.  Cover artists
 328 willing to work for free and create a Creative Commons licensed vector
 329 file looking similar to the original is most welcome, as my skills as
 330 a graphics designer are mostly missing.</p>
 331 </div>
 332       <div class="tags">
 333
 334
 335         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 336
 337
 338       </div>
 339     </div>
 340     <div class="padding"></div>
 341
 342     <div class="entry">
 343       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_paper_version_of_the_Norwegian_Free_Culture_book_heading_my_way.html">First paper version of the Norwegian Free Culture book heading my way</a></div>
 344       <div class="date"> 9th August 2015</div>
 345       <div class="body"><p>Typesetting a book is harder than I hoped.  As the translation is
 346 mostly done, and a volunteer proof reader was going to check the text
 347 on paper, it was time this summer to focus on formatting my translated
 348 <a href="http://www.docbook.org/">docbook</a> based version of the
 349 <a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture</a> book by Lawrence
 350 Lessig.  I've been trying to get both docboox-xsl+fop and dblatex to
 351 give me a good looking PDF, but in the end I went with dblatex, because
 352 its Debian maintainer and upstream developer were responsive and very
 353 helpful in solving my formatting challenges.</p>
 354
 355 <p>Last night, I finally managed to create a PDF that no longer made
 356 <a href="http://www.lulu.com/">Lulu.com</a> complain after uploading,
 357 and I ordered a text version of the book on paper.  It is lacking a
 358 proper book cover and is not tagged with the correct ISBN number, but
 359 should give me an idea what the finished book will look like.</p>
 360
 361 <p>Instead of using Lulu, I did consider printing the book using
 362 <a href="http://www.createspace.com/">CreateSpace</a>, but ended up
 363 using Lulu because it had smaller book size options (CreateSpace seem
 364 to lack pocket book with extended distribution).  I looked for a
 365 similar service in Norway, but have not seen anything so far.  Please
 366 let me know if I am missing out on something here.</p>
 367
 368 <p>But I still struggle to decide the book size.  Should I go for
 369 pocket book (4.25x6.875 inches / 10.8x17.5 cm) with 556 pages, Digest
 370 (5.5x8.5 inches / 14x21.6 cm) with 323 pages or US Trade (6x8 inches /
 371 15.3x22.9 cm) with 280 pages?  Fewer pager give a cheaper book, and a
 372 smaller book is easier to carry around.  The test book I ordered was
 373 pocket book sized, to give me an idea how well that fit in my hand,
 374 but I suspect I will end up using a digest sized book in the end to
 375 bring the prize down further.</p>
 376
 377 <p>My biggest challenge at the moment is making nice cover art.  My
 378 inkscape skills are not yet up to the task of replicating the original
 379 cover in SVG format.  I also need to figure out what to write about
 380 the book on the back (will most likely use the same text as the
 381 description on web based book stores).  I would love help with this,
 382 if you are willing to license the art source and final version using
 383 the same CC license as the book.  My artistic skills are not really up
 384 to the task.</p>
 385
 386 <p>I plan to publish the book in both English and Norwegian and on
 387 paper, in PDF form as well as EPUB and MOBI format.  The current
 388 status can as usual be found on
 389 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">github</a>
 390 in the archive/ directory.  So far I have spent all time on making the
 391 PDF version look good.  Someone should probably do the same with the
 392 dbtoepub generated e-book.  Help is definitely needed here, as I
 393 expect to run out of steem before I find time to improve the epub
 394 formatting.</p>
 395
 396 <p>Please let me know via github if you find typos in the book or
 397 discover translations that should be improved.  The final proof
 398 reading is being done right now, and I expect to publish the finished
 399 result in a few months.</p>
 400 </div>
 401       <div class="tags">
 402
 403
 404         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 405
 406
 407       </div>
 408     </div>
 409     <div class="padding"></div>
 410
 411     <div class="entry">
 412       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Typesetting_DocBook_footnotes_as_endnotes_with_dblatex.html">Typesetting DocBook footnotes as endnotes with dblatex</a></div>
 413       <div class="date">16th July 2015</div>
 414       <div class="body"><p>I'm still working on the Norwegian version of the
 415 <a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture book by Lawrence
 416 Lessig</a>, and is now working on the final typesetting and layout.
 417 One of the features I want to get the structure similar to the
 418 original book is to typeset the footnotes as endnotes in the notes
 419 chapter.  Based on the
 420 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/685063">feedback from the Debian
 421 maintainer and the dblatex developer</a>, I came up with this recipe I
 422 would like to share with you.  The proposal was to create a new LaTeX
 423 class file and add the LaTeX code there, but this is not always
 424 practical, when I want to be able to replace the class using a make
 425 file variable.  So my proposal misuses the latex.begindocument XSL
 426 parameter value, to get a small fragment into the correct location in
 427 the generated LaTeX File.</p>
 428
 429 <p>First, decide where in the DocBook document to place the endnotes,
 430 and add this text there:</p>
 431
 432 <pre>
 433 &lt;?latex \theendnotes ?&gt;
 434 </pre>
 435
 436 <p>Next, create a xsl stylesheet file dblatex-endnotes.xsl to add the
 437 code needed to add the endnote instructions in the preamble of the
 438 generated LaTeX document, with content like this:</p>
 439
 440 <pre>
 441 &lt;?xml version='1.0'?&gt;
 442 &lt;xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version='1.0'&gt;
 443   &lt;xsl:param name="latex.begindocument"&gt;
 444     &lt;xsl:text&gt;
 445 \usepackage{endnotes}
 446 \let\footnote=\endnote
 447 \def\enoteheading{\mbox{}\par\vskip-\baselineskip }
 448 \begin{document}
 449     &lt;/xsl:text&gt;
 450   &lt;/xsl:param&gt;
 451 &lt;/xsl:stylesheet&gt;
 452 </pre>
 453
 454 <p>Finally, load this xsl file when running dblatex, for example like
 455 this:</p>
 456
 457 <pre>
 458 dblatex --xsl-user=dblatex-endnotes.xsl freeculture.nb.xml
 459 </pre>
 460
 461 <p>The end result can be seen on github, where
 462 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">my
 463 book project</a> is located.</p>
 464 </div>
 465       <div class="tags">
 466
 467
 468         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 469
 470
 471       </div>
 472     </div>
 473     <div class="padding"></div>
 474
 475     <div class="entry">
 476       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Mimes_br_nn__norsk_utgave_av_Alaveteli___WhatDoTheyKnow__endelig_lansert.html">Mimes brønn, norsk utgave av Alaveteli / WhatDoTheyKnow, endelig lansert</a></div>
 477       <div class="date"> 9th July 2015</div>
 478       <div class="body"><p>I går fikk vi endelig lansert en norsk version av mySocietys
 479 <a href="https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/">WhatDoTheyKnow</a>.
 480 Tjenesten heter Mimes brønn, og ble
 481 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/news/NUUG_lanserer_innsynstjenesten_Mimes_Br_nn.shtml">annonsert
 482 av NUUG</a> via blogg, epost og twitter til NUUG-assosierte personer.
 483 Det har tatt noen år, men de siste dagene fikk vi endelig tid til å få
 484 på plass de siste bitene.  Vi er to, Gorm og meg selv, som har vært
 485 primus motor for det hele, men vi har fått hjelp med oversettelser og
 486 oppsett fra mange flere.  Jeg vil si tusen takk til hver og en av dem,
 487 og er veldig fornøyd med at vi klarte å få tjenesten opp å kjøre før
 488 ferietiden slo inn for fullt.</p>
 489
 490 <p>Vi er usikker på hvor mye belastning den virtuelle maskinen der
 491 tjenesten kjører klarer, så vi har lansert litt i det stille og ikke
 492 til for mange folk for å se hvordan maskinen klarer seg over sommeren,
 493 før vi går mer aktivt ut og annonserer til høsten.  Ta en titt, og se
 494 om du kanskje har et spørsmål til det offentlige som er egnet å sende
 495 inn via Mimes brønn.</p>
 496
 497 <p>Hvis du lurer på hva i alle dager en slik tjenestes kan brukes til,
 498 anbefaler jeg deg å se
 499 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/video/625321">TED-foredraget til
 500 Heather Brook</a> om hvordan hun brukte WhatDoTheyKnow til å lære
 501 hvordan offentlige midler ble misbrukt.  Det er en inspirerende
 502 historie.</p>
 503 </div>
 504       <div class="tags">
 505
 506
 507         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
 508
 509
 510       </div>
 511     </div>
 512     <div class="padding"></div>
 513
 514     <div class="entry">
 515       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_on__Internet_Broadcast_AVC_Video__licensing_and_non_private_use.html">MPEG LA on "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" licensing and non-private use</a></div>
 516       <div class="date"> 7th July 2015</div>
 517       <div class="body"><p>After asking the Norwegian Broadcasting Company (NRK)
 518 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html">why
 519 they can broadcast and stream H.264 video without an agreement with
 520 the MPEG LA</a>, I was wiser, but still confused.  So I asked MPEG LA
 521 if their understanding matched that of NRK.  As far as I can tell, it
 522 does not.</p>
 523
 524 <p>I started by asking for more information about the various
 525 licensing classes and what exactly is covered by the "Internet
 526 Broadcast AVC Video" class that NRK pointed me at to explain why NRK
 527 did not need a license for streaming H.264 video:
 528
 529 <p><blockquote>
 530
 531 <p>According to
 532 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">a
 533 MPEG LA press release dated 2010-02-02</a>, there is no charge when
 534 using MPEG AVC/H.264 according to the terms of "Internet Broadcast AVC
 535 Video".  I am trying to understand exactly what the terms of "Internet
 536 Broadcast AVC Video" is, and wondered if you could help me.  What
 537 exactly is covered by these terms, and what is not?</p>
 538
 539 <p>The only source of more information I have been able to find is a
 540 PDF named
 541 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">AVC
 542 Patent Portfolio License Briefing</a>, which states this about the
 543 fees:</p>
 544
 545 <ul>
 546  <li>Where End User pays for AVC Video
 547   <ul>
 548    <li>Subscription (not limited by title) – 100,000 or fewer
 549      subscribers/yr = no royalty; &gt; 100,000 to 250,000 subscribers/yr =
 550      $25,000; &gt;250,000 to 500,000 subscribers/yr = $50,000; &gt;500,000 to
 551      1M subscribers/yr = $75,000; &gt;1M subscribers/yr = $100,000</li>
 552
 553    <li>Title-by-Title - 12 minutes or less = no royalty; &gt;12 minutes in
 554      length = lower of (a) 2% or (b) $0.02 per title</li>
 555   </ul></li>
 556
 557  <li>Where remuneration is from other sources
 558   <ul>
 559    <li>Free Television - (a) one-time $2,500 per transmission encoder or
 560      (b) annual fee starting at $2,500 for &gt; 100,000 HH rising to
 561      maximum $10,000 for &gt;1,000,000 HH</li>
 562
 563    <li>Internet Broadcast AVC Video (not title-by-title, not subscription)
 564      – no royalty for life of the AVC Patent Portfolio License</li>
 565   </ul></li>
 566 </ul>
 567
 568 <p>Am I correct in assuming that the four categories listed is the
 569 categories used when selecting licensing terms, and that "Internet
 570 Broadcast AVC Video" is the category for things that do not fall into
 571 one of the other three categories?  Can you point me to a good source
 572 explaining what is ment by "title-by-title" and "Free Television" in
 573 the license terms for AVC/H.264?</p>
 574
 575 <p>Will a web service providing H.264 encoded video content in a
 576 "video on demand" fashing similar to Youtube and Vimeo, where no
 577 subscription is required and no payment is required from end users to
 578 get access to the videos, fall under the terms of the "Internet
 579 Broadcast AVC Video", ie no royalty for life of the AVC Patent
 580 Portfolio license?  Does it matter if some users are subscribed to get
 581 access to personalized services?</p>
 582
 583 <p>Note, this request and all answers will be published on the
 584 Internet.</p>
 585 </blockquote></p>
 586
 587 <p>The answer came quickly from Benjamin J. Myers, Licensing Associate
 588 with the MPEG LA:</p>
 589
 590 <p><blockquote>
 591 <p>Thank you for your message and for your interest in MPEG LA.  We
 592 appreciate hearing from you and I will be happy to assist you.</p>
 593
 594 <p>As you are aware, MPEG LA offers our AVC Patent Portfolio License
 595 which provides coverage under patents that are essential for use of
 596 the AVC/H.264 Standard (MPEG-4 Part 10).  Specifically, coverage is
 597 provided for end products and video content that make use of AVC/H.264
 598 technology.  Accordingly, the party offering such end products and
 599 video to End Users concludes the AVC License and is responsible for
 600 paying the applicable royalties.</p>
 601
 602 <p>Regarding Internet Broadcast AVC Video, the AVC License generally
 603 defines such content to be video that is distributed to End Users over
 604 the Internet free-of-charge.  Therefore, if a party offers a service
 605 which allows users to upload AVC/H.264 video to its website, and such
 606 AVC Video is delivered to End Users for free, then such video would
 607 receive coverage under the sublicense for Internet Broadcast AVC
 608 Video, which is not subject to any royalties for the life of the AVC
 609 License.  This would also apply in the scenario where a user creates a
 610 free online account in order to receive a customized offering of free
 611 AVC Video content.  In other words, as long as the End User is given
 612 access to or views AVC Video content at no cost to the End User, then
 613 no royalties would be payable under our AVC License.</p>
 614
 615 <p>On the other hand, if End Users pay for access to AVC Video for a
 616 specific period of time (e.g., one month, one year, etc.), then such
 617 video would constitute Subscription AVC Video.  In cases where AVC
 618 Video is delivered to End Users on a pay-per-view basis, then such
 619 content would constitute Title-by-Title AVC Video.  If a party offers
 620 Subscription or Title-by-Title AVC Video to End Users, then they would
 621 be responsible for paying the applicable royalties you noted below.</p>
 622
 623 <p>Finally, in the case where AVC Video is distributed for free
 624 through an "over-the-air, satellite and/or cable transmission", then
 625 such content would constitute Free Television AVC Video and would be
 626 subject to the applicable royalties.</p>
 627
 628 <p>For your reference, I have attached
 629 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-07-07-mpegla.pdf">a
 630 .pdf copy of the AVC License</a>. You will find the relevant
 631 sublicense information regarding AVC Video in Sections 2.2 through
 632 2.5, and the corresponding royalties in Section 3.1.2 through 3.1.4.
 633 You will also find the definitions of Title-by-Title AVC Video,
 634 Subscription AVC Video, Free Television AVC Video, and Internet
 635 Broadcast AVC Video in Section 1 of the License.  Please note that the
 636 electronic copy is provided for informational purposes only and cannot
 637 be used for execution.</p>
 638
 639 <p>I hope the above information is helpful.  If you have additional
 640 questions or need further assistance with the AVC License, please feel
 641 free to contact me directly.</p>
 642 </blockquote></p>
 643
 644 <p>Having a fresh copy of the license text was useful, and knowing
 645 that the definition of Title-by-Title required payment per title made
 646 me aware that my earlier understanding of that phrase had been wrong.
 647 But I still had a few questions:</p>
 648
 649 <p><blockquote>
 650 <p>I have a small followup question.  Would it be possible for me to get
 651 a license with MPEG LA even if there are no royalties to be paid?  The
 652 reason I ask, is that some video related products have a copyright
 653 clause limiting their use without a license with MPEG LA.  The clauses
 654 typically look similar to this:
 655
 656 <p><blockquote>
 657   This product is licensed under the AVC patent portfolio license for
 658   the personal and non-commercial use of a consumer to (a) encode
 659   video in compliance with the AVC standard ("AVC video") and/or (b)
 660   decode AVC video that was encoded by a consumer engaged in a
 661   personal and non-commercial activity and/or AVC video that was
 662   obtained from a video provider licensed to provide AVC video. No
 663   license is granted or shall be implied for any other use. additional
 664   information may be obtained from MPEG LA L.L.C.
 665 </blockquote></p>
 666
 667 <p>It is unclear to me if this clause mean that I need to enter into
 668 an agreement with MPEG LA to use the product in question, even if
 669 there are no royalties to be paid to MPEG LA.  I suspect it will
 670 differ depending on the jurisdiction, and mine is Norway.  What is
 671 MPEG LAs view on this?</p>
 672 </blockquote></p>
 673
 674 <p>According to the answer, MPEG LA believe those using such tools for
 675 non-personal or commercial use need a license with them:</p>
 676
 677 <p><blockquote>
 678
 679 <p>With regard to the Notice to Customers, I would like to begin by
 680 clarifying that the Notice from Section 7.1 of the AVC License
 681 reads:</p>
 682
 683 <p>THIS PRODUCT IS LICENSED UNDER THE AVC PATENT PORTFOLIO LICENSE FOR
 684 THE PERSONAL USE OF A CONSUMER OR OTHER USES IN WHICH IT DOES NOT
 685 RECEIVE REMUNERATION TO (i) ENCODE VIDEO IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AVC
 686 STANDARD ("AVC VIDEO") AND/OR (ii) DECODE AVC VIDEO THAT WAS ENCODED
 687 BY A CONSUMER ENGAGED IN A PERSONAL ACTIVITY AND/OR WAS OBTAINED FROM
 688 A VIDEO PROVIDER LICENSED TO PROVIDE AVC VIDEO. NO LICENSE IS GRANTED
 689 OR SHALL BE IMPLIED FOR ANY OTHER USE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE
 690 OBTAINED FROM MPEG LA, L.L.C. SEE HTTP://WWW.MPEGLA.COM</p>
 691
 692 <p>The Notice to Customers is intended to inform End Users of the
 693 personal usage rights (for example, to watch video content) included
 694 with the product they purchased, and to encourage any party using the
 695 product for commercial purposes to contact MPEG LA in order to become
 696 licensed for such use (for example, when they use an AVC Product to
 697 deliver Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free Television or Internet
 698 Broadcast AVC Video to End Users, or to re-Sell a third party's AVC
 699 Product as their own branded AVC Product).</p>
 700
 701 <p>Therefore, if a party is to be licensed for its use of an AVC
 702 Product to Sell AVC Video on a Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free
 703 Television or Internet Broadcast basis, that party would need to
 704 conclude the AVC License, even in the case where no royalties were
 705 payable under the License.  On the other hand, if that party (either a
 706 Consumer or business customer) simply uses an AVC Product for their
 707 own internal purposes and not for the commercial purposes referenced
 708 above, then such use would be included in the royalty paid for the AVC
 709 Products by the licensed supplier.</p>
 710
 711 <p>Finally, I note that our AVC License provides worldwide coverage in
 712 countries that have AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, including
 713 Norway.</p>
 714
 715 <p>I hope this clarification is helpful.  If I may be of any further
 716 assistance, just let me know.</p>
 717 </blockquote></p>
 718
 719 <p>The mentioning of Norwegian patents made me a bit confused, so I
 720 asked for more information:</p>
 721
 722 <p><blockquote>
 723
 724 <p>But one minor question at the end.  If I understand you correctly,
 725 you state in the quote above that there are patents in the AVC Patent
 726 Portfolio that are valid in Norway.  This make me believe I read the
 727 list available from &lt;URL:
 728 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx">http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx</a>
 729 &gt; incorrectly, as I believed the "NO" prefix in front of patents
 730 were Norwegian patents, and the only one I could find under Mitsubishi
 731 Electric Corporation expired in 2012.  Which patents are you referring
 732 to that are relevant for Norway?</p>
 733
 734 </blockquote></p>
 735
 736 <p>Again, the quick answer explained how to read the list of patents
 737 in that list:</p>
 738
 739 <p><blockquote>
 740
 741 <p>Your understanding is correct that the last AVC Patent Portfolio
 742 Patent in Norway expired on 21 October 2012.  Therefore, where AVC
 743 Video is both made and Sold in Norway after that date, then no
 744 royalties would be payable for such AVC Video under the AVC License.
 745 With that said, our AVC License provides historic coverage for AVC
 746 Products and AVC Video that may have been manufactured or Sold before
 747 the last Norwegian AVC patent expired.  I would also like to clarify
 748 that coverage is provided for the country of manufacture and the
 749 country of Sale that has active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents.</p>
 750
 751 <p>Therefore, if a party offers AVC Products or AVC Video for Sale in
 752 a country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents (for example,
 753 Sweden, Denmark, Finland, etc.), then that party would still need
 754 coverage under the AVC License even if such products or video are
 755 initially made in a country without active AVC Patent Portfolio
 756 Patents (for example, Norway).  Similarly, a party would need to
 757 conclude the AVC License if they make AVC Products or AVC Video in a
 758 country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, but eventually Sell
 759 such AVC Products or AVC Video in a country without active AVC Patent
 760 Portfolio Patents.</p>
 761 </blockquote></p>
 762
 763 <p>As far as I understand it, MPEG LA believe anyone using Adobe
 764 Premiere and other video related software with a H.264 distribution
 765 license need a license agreement with MPEG LA to use such tools for
 766 anything non-private or commercial, while it is OK to set up a
 767 Youtube-like service as long as no-one pays to get access to the
 768 content.  I still have no clear idea how this applies to Norway, where
 769 none of the patents MPEG LA is licensing are valid.  Will the
 770 copyright terms take precedence or can those terms be ignored because
 771 the patents are not valid in Norway?</p>
 772 </div>
 773       <div class="tags">
 774
 775
 776         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web</a>.
 777
 778
 779       </div>
 780     </div>
 781     <div class="padding"></div>
 782
 783     <div class="entry">
 784       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_laptop___some_more_clues_and_ideas_based_on_feedback.html">New laptop - some more clues and ideas based on feedback</a></div>
 785       <div class="date"> 5th July 2015</div>
 786       <div class="body"><p>Several people contacted me after my previous blog post about my
 787 need for a new laptop, and provided very useful feedback.  I wish to
 788 thank every one of these.  Several pointed me to the possibility of
 789 fixing my X230, and I am already in the process of getting Lenovo to
 790 do so thanks to the on site, next day support contract covering the
 791 machine.  But the battery is almost useless (I expect to replace it
 792 with a non-official battery) and I do not expect the machine to live
 793 for many more years, so it is time to plan its replacement.  If I did
 794 not have a support contract, it was suggested to find replacement parts
 795 using <a href="http://www.francecrans.com/">FrancEcrans</a>, but it
 796 might present a language barrier as I do not understand French.</p>
 797
 798 <p>One tip I got was to use the
 799 <a href="https://skinflint.co.uk/?cat=nb">Skinflint</a> web service to
 800 compare laptop models.  It seem to have more models available than
 801 prisjakt.no.  Another tip I got from someone I know have similar
 802 keyboard preferences was that the HP EliteBook 840 keyboard is not
 803 very good, and this matches my experience with earlier EliteBook
 804 keyboards I tested.  Because of this, I will not consider it any further.
 805
 806 <p>When I wrote my blog post, I was not aware of Thinkpad X250, the
 807 newest Thinkpad X model.  The keyboard reintroduces mouse buttons
 808 (which is missing from the X240), and is working fairly well with
 809 Debian Sid/Unstable according to
 810 <a href="http://www.corsac.net/X250/">Corsac.net</a>.  The reports I
 811 got on the keyboard quality are not consistent.  Some say the keyboard
 812 is good, others say it is ok, while others say it is not very good.
 813 Those with experience from X41 and and X60 agree that the X250
 814 keyboard is not as good as those trusty old laptops, and suggest I
 815 keep and fix my X230 instead of upgrading, or get a used X230 to
 816 replace it.  I'm also told that the X250 lack leds for caps lock, disk
 817 activity and battery status, which is very convenient on my X230.  I'm
 818 also told that the CPU fan is running very often, making it a bit
 819 noisy.  In any case, the X250 do not work out of the box with Debian
 820 Stable/Jessie, one of my requirements.</p>
 821
 822 <p>I have also gotten a few vendor proposals, one was
 823 <a href="http://pro-star.com">Pro-Star</a>, another was
 824 <a href="http://shop.gluglug.org.uk/product/libreboot-x200/">Libreboot</a>.
 825 The latter look very attractive to me.</p>
 826
 827 <p>Again, thank you all for the very useful feedback.  It help a lot
 828 as I keep looking for a replacement.</p>
 829
 830 <p>Update 2015-07-06: I was recommended to check out the
 831 <a href="">lapstore.de</a> web shop for used laptops.  They got several
 832 different
 833 <a href="http://www.lapstore.de/f.php/shop/lapstore/f/411/lang/x/kw/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X_Serie/">old
 834 thinkpad X models</a>, and provide one year warranty.</p>
 835 </div>
 836       <div class="tags">
 837
 838
 839         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 840
 841
 842       </div>
 843     </div>
 844     <div class="padding"></div>
 845
 846     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 847     <div id="sidebar">
 848
 849
 850
 851 <h2>Archive</h2>
 852 <ul>
 853
 854 <li>2015
 855 <ul>
 856
 857 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 858
 859 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 860
 861 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 862
 863 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 864
 865 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 866
 867 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 868
 869 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 870
 871 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 872
 873 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 874
 875 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 876
 877 </ul></li>
 878
 879 <li>2014
 880 <ul>
 881
 882 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 883
 884 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 885
 886 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 887
 888 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 889
 890 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 891
 892 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 893
 894 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 895
 896 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 897
 898 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 899
 900 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 901
 902 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 903
 904 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 905
 906 </ul></li>
 907
 908 <li>2013
 909 <ul>
 910
 911 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 912
 913 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 914
 915 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 916
 917 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 918
 919 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 920
 921 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 922
 923 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 924
 925 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 926
 927 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 928
 929 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 930
 931 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 932
 933 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 934
 935 </ul></li>
 936
 937 <li>2012
 938 <ul>
 939
 940 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 941
 942 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 943
 944 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 945
 946 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 947
 948 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 949
 950 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 951
 952 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 953
 954 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 955
 956 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 957
 958 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 959
 960 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 961
 962 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 963
 964 </ul></li>
 965
 966 <li>2011
 967 <ul>
 968
 969 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 970
 971 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 972
 973 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 974
 975 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 976
 977 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 978
 979 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 980
 981 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 982
 983 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 984
 985 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 986
 987 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 988
 989 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 990
 991 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 992
 993 </ul></li>
 994
 995 <li>2010
 996 <ul>
 997
 998 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 999
1000 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1001
1002 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1003
1004 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1005
1006 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1007
1008 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1009
1010 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1011
1012 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1013
1014 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1015
1016 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1017
1018 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1019
1020 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1021
1022 </ul></li>
1023
1024 <li>2009
1025 <ul>
1026
1027 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1028
1029 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1030
1031 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1032
1033 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1034
1035 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1036
1037 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1038
1039 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1040
1041 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1042
1043 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1044
1045 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1046
1047 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1048
1049 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1050
1051 </ul></li>
1052
1053 <li>2008
1054 <ul>
1055
1056 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1057
1058 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1059
1060 </ul></li>
1061
1062 </ul>
1063
1064
1065
1066 <h2>Tags</h2>
1067 <ul>
1068
1069  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1070
1071  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1072
1073  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1074
1075  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1076
1077  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (8)</a></li>
1078
1079  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (15)</a></li>
1080
1081  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1082
1083  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1084
1085  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (112)</a></li>
1086
1087  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (153)</a></li>
1088
1089  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
1090
1091  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (15)</a></li>
1092
1093  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (18)</a></li>
1094
1095  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1096
1097  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (289)</a></li>
1098
1099  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1100
1101  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1102
1103  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (20)</a></li>
1104
1105  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1106
1107  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (16)</a></li>
1108
1109  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
1110
1111  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
1112
1113  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (10)</a></li>
1114
1115  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (19)</a></li>
1116
1117  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1118
1119  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1120
1121  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1122
1123  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1124
1125  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1126
1127  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (36)</a></li>
1128
1129  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (265)</a></li>
1130
1131  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (177)</a></li>
1132
1133  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (20)</a></li>
1134
1135  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1136
1137  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (53)</a></li>
1138
1139  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (87)</a></li>
1140
1141  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1142
1143  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1144
1145  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1146
1147  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1148
1149  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (9)</a></li>
1150
1151  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1152
1153  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1154
1155  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1156
1157  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (42)</a></li>
1158
1159  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1160
1161  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1162
1163  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (48)</a></li>
1164
1165  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1166
1167  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (10)</a></li>
1168
1169  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (34)</a></li>
1170
1171  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (2)</a></li>
1172
1173  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1174
1175  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
1176
1177  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (54)</a></li>
1178
1179  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1180
1181  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (37)</a></li>
1182
1183 </ul>
1184
1185
1186     </div>
1187     <p style="text-align: right">
1188  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1189 </p>
1190
1191   </body>
1192 </html>