blog/Is_Ogg_Theora_a_free_and_open_standard_.html

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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title">Is Ogg Theora a free and open standard?</div>
  24       <div class="date">25th December 2010</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p><a href="http://www.digistan.org/open-standard:definition">The
  26 Digistan definition</a> of a free and open standard reads like this:</p>
  27
  28 <blockquote>
  29
  30 <p>The Digital Standards Organization defines free and open standard
  31 as follows:</p>
  32
  33 <ol>
  34
  35 <li>A free and open standard is immune to vendor capture at all stages
  36 in its life-cycle. Immunity from vendor capture makes it possible to
  37 freely use, improve upon, trust, and extend a standard over time.</li>
  38
  39 <li>The standard is adopted and will be maintained by a not-for-profit
  40 organisation, and its ongoing development occurs on the basis of an
  41 open decision-making procedure available to all interested
  42 parties.</li>
  43
  44 <li>The standard has been published and the standard specification
  45 document is available freely. It must be permissible to all to copy,
  46 distribute, and use it freely.</li>
  47
  48 <li>The patents possibly present on (parts of) the standard are made
  49 irrevocably available on a royalty-free basis.</li>
  50
  51 <li>There are no constraints on the re-use of the standard.</li>
  52
  53 </ol>
  54
  55 <p>The economic outcome of a free and open standard, which can be
  56 measured, is that it enables perfect competition between suppliers of
  57 products based on the standard.</p>
  58 </blockquote>
  59
  60 <p>For a while now I have tried to figure out of Ogg Theora is a free
  61 and open standard according to this definition.  Here is a short
  62 writeup of what I have been able to gather so far.  I brought up the
  63 topic on the Xiph advocacy mailing list
  64 <a href="http://lists.xiph.org/pipermail/advocacy/2009-July/001632.html">in
  65 July 2009</a>, for those that want to see some background information.
  66 According to Ivo Emanuel Gonçalves and Monty Montgomery on that list
  67 the Ogg Theora specification fulfils the Digistan definition.</p>
  68
  69 <p><strong>Free from vendor capture?</strong></p>
  70
  71 <p>As far as I can see, there is no single vendor that can control the
  72 Ogg Theora specification.  It can be argued that the
  73 <a href="http://www.xiph.org/">Xiph foundation</A> is such vendor, but
  74 given that it is a non-profit foundation with the expressed goal
  75 making free and open protocols and standards available, it is not
  76 obvious that this is a real risk.  One issue with the Xiph
  77 foundation is that its inner working (as in board member list, or who
  78 control the foundation) are not easily available on the web.  I've
  79 been unable to find out who is in the foundation board, and have not
  80 seen any accounting information documenting how money is handled nor
  81 where is is spent in the foundation.  It is thus not obvious for an
  82 external observer who control The Xiph foundation, and for all I know
  83 it is possible for a single vendor to take control over the
  84 specification.  But it seem unlikely.</p>
  85
  86 <p><strong>Maintained by open not-for-profit organisation?</strong></p>
  87
  88 <p>Assuming that the Xiph foundation is the organisation its web pages
  89 claim it to be, this point is fulfilled.  If Xiph foundation is
  90 controlled by a single vendor, it isn't, but I have not found any
  91 documentation indicating this.</p>
  92
  93 <p>According to
  94 <a href="http://media.hiof.no/diverse/fad/rapport_4.pdf">a report</a>
  95 prepared by Audun Vaaler og Børre Ludvigsen for the Norwegian
  96 government, the Xiph foundation is a non-commercial organisation and
  97 the development process is open, transparent and non-Discrimatory.
  98 Until proven otherwise, I believe it make most sense to believe the
  99 report is correct.</p>
 100
 101 <p><strong>Specification freely available?</strong></p>
 102
 103 <p>The specification for the <a href="http://www.xiph.org/ogg/doc/">Ogg
 104 container format</a> and both the
 105 <a href="http://www.xiph.org/vorbis/doc/">Vorbis</a> and
 106 <a href="http://theora.org/doc/">Theora</a> codeces are available on
 107 the web.  This are the terms in the Vorbis and Theora specification:
 108
 109 <blockquote>
 110
 111 Anyone may freely use and distribute the Ogg and [Vorbis/Theora]
 112 specifications, whether in private, public, or corporate
 113 capacity. However, the Xiph.Org Foundation and the Ogg project reserve
 114 the right to set the Ogg [Vorbis/Theora] specification and certify
 115 specification compliance.
 116
 117 </blockquote>
 118
 119 <p>The Ogg container format is specified in IETF
 120 <a href="http://www.xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt">RFC 3533</a>, and
 121 this is the term:<p>
 122
 123 <blockquote>
 124
 125 <p>This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
 126 others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
 127 or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and
 128 distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind,
 129 provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
 130 included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
 131 document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
 132 the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
 133 Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing
 134 Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined
 135 in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to
 136 translate it into languages other than English.</p>
 137
 138 <p>The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
 139 revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.</p>
 140 </blockquote>
 141
 142 <p>All these terms seem to allow unlimited distribution and use, an
 143 this term seem to be fulfilled.  There might be a problem with the
 144 missing permission to distribute modified versions of the text, and
 145 thus reuse it in other specifications.  Not quite sure if that is a
 146 requirement for the Digistan definition.</p>
 147
 148 <p><strong>Royalty-free?</strong></p>
 149
 150 <p>There are no known patent claims requiring royalties for the Ogg
 151 Theora format.
 152 <a href="http://www.streamingmedia.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=65782">MPEG-LA</a>
 153 and
 154 <a href="http://yro.slashdot.org/story/10/04/30/237238/Steve-Jobs-Hints-At-Theora-Lawsuit">Steve
 155 Jobs</a> in Apple claim to know about some patent claims (submarine
 156 patents) against the Theora format, but no-one else seem to believe
 157 them.  Both Opera Software and the Mozilla Foundation have looked into
 158 this and decided to implement Ogg Theora support in their browsers
 159 without paying any royalties.  For now the claims from MPEG-LA and
 160 Steve Jobs seem more like FUD to scare people to use the H.264 codec
 161 than any real problem with Ogg Theora.</p>
 162
 163 <p><strong>No constraints on re-use?</strong></p>
 164
 165 <p>I am not aware of any constraints on re-use.</p>
 166
 167 <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p>
 168
 169 <p>3 of 5 requirements seem obviously fulfilled, and the remaining 2
 170 depend on the governing structure of the Xiph foundation.  Given the
 171 background report used by the Norwegian government, I believe it is
 172 safe to assume the last two requirements are fulfilled too, but it
 173 would be nice if the Xiph foundation web site made it easier to verify
 174 this.</p>
 175
 176 <p>It would be nice to see other analysis of other specifications to
 177 see if they are free and open standards.</p>
 178 </div>
 179
 180       <div class="tags">Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.</div>
 181
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 285
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 287
 288 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 289
 290 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 291
 292 </ul></li>
 293
 294 <li>2018
 295 <ul>
 296
 297 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 298
 299 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 300
 301 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 302
 303 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 304
 305 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 306
 307 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 308
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 310
 311 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 312
 313 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 314
 315 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 316
 317 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 318
 319 </ul></li>
 320
 321 <li>2017
 322 <ul>
 323
 324 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 325
 326 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 327
 328 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 329
 330 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 331
 332 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 333
 334 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 335
 336 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 337
 338 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 339
 340 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 341
 342 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 343
 344 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 345
 346 </ul></li>
 347
 348 <li>2016
 349 <ul>
 350
 351 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 352
 353 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 354
 355 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 356
 357 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 358
 359 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 360
 361 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 362
 363 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 364
 365 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 366
 367 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 368
 369 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 370
 371 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 372
 373 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 374
 375 </ul></li>
 376
 377 <li>2015
 378 <ul>
 379
 380 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 381
 382 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 383
 384 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 385
 386 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 387
 388 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 389
 390 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 391
 392 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 393
 394 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 395
 396 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 397
 398 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 399
 400 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 401
 402 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 403
 404 </ul></li>
 405
 406 <li>2014
 407 <ul>
 408
 409 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 410
 411 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 412
 413 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 414
 415 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 416
 417 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 418
 419 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 420
 421 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 422
 423 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 424
 425 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 426
 427 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 428
 429 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 430
 431 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 432
 433 </ul></li>
 434
 435 <li>2013
 436 <ul>
 437
 438 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 439
 440 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 441
 442 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 443
 444 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 445
 446 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 447
 448 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 449
 450 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 451
 452 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 453
 454 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 455
 456 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 457
 458 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 459
 460 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 461
 462 </ul></li>
 463
 464 <li>2012
 465 <ul>
 466
 467 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 468
 469 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 470
 471 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 472
 473 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 474
 475 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 476
 477 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 478
 479 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 480
 481 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 482
 483 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 484
 485 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 486
 487 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 488
 489 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 490
 491 </ul></li>
 492
 493 <li>2011
 494 <ul>
 495
 496 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 497
 498 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 499
 500 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 501
 502 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 503
 504 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 505
 506 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 507
 508 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 509
 510 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 511
 512 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 513
 514 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 515
 516 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 517
 518 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 519
 520 </ul></li>
 521
 522 <li>2010
 523 <ul>
 524
 525 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 526
 527 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 528
 529 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 530
 531 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 532
 533 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 534
 535 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 536
 537 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 538
 539 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 540
 541 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 542
 543 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 544
 545 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 546
 547 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 548
 549 </ul></li>
 550
 551 <li>2009
 552 <ul>
 553
 554 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 555
 556 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 557
 558 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 559
 560 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 561
 562 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 563
 564 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 565
 566 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 567
 568 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 569
 570 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 571
 572 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 573
 574 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 575
 576 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 577
 578 </ul></li>
 579
 580 <li>2008
 581 <ul>
 582
 583 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 584
 585 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 586
 587 </ul></li>
 588
 589 </ul>
 590
 591
 592
 593 <h2>Tags</h2>
 594 <ul>
 595
 596  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
 597
 598  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 599
 600  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 601
 602  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 603
 604  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
 605
 606  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
 607
 608  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 609
 610  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 611
 612  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
 613
 614  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (186)</a></li>
 615
 616  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
 617
 618  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
 619
 620  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
 621
 622  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
 623
 624  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (30)</a></li>
 625
 626  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 627
 628  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (442)</a></li>
 629
 630  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 631
 632  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
 633
 634  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
 635
 636  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 637
 638  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
 639
 640  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 641
 642  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
 643
 644  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
 645
 646  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
 647
 648  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (4)</a></li>
 649
 650  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 651
 652  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
 653
 654  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 655
 656  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (4)</a></li>
 657
 658  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 659
 660  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 661
 662  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
 663
 664  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 665
 666  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (44)</a></li>
 667
 668  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (13)</a></li>
 669
 670  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (23)</a></li>
 671
 672  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (320)</a></li>
 673
 674  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (198)</a></li>
 675
 676  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (40)</a></li>
 677
 678  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 679
 680  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (75)</a></li>
 681
 682  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
 683
 684  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
 685
 686  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 687
 688  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 689
 690  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 691
 692  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
 693
 694  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 695
 696  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
 697
 698  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 699
 700  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (59)</a></li>
 701
 702  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 703
 704  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 705
 706  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (74)</a></li>
 707
 708  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
 709
 710  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
 711
 712  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (64)</a></li>
 713
 714  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
 715
 716  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 717
 718  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 719
 720  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (20)</a></li>
 721
 722  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (77)</a></li>
 723
 724  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 725
 726  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
 727
 728 </ul>
 729
 730
 731     </div>
 732     <p style="text-align: right">
 733  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 734 </p>
 735
 736   </body>
 737 </html>