blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html

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   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images</title>
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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title">Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images</div>
  24       <div class="date">27th October 2013</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>The
  26 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vmdebootstrap.html">vmdebootstrap</a>
  27 program is a a very nice system to create virtual machine images.  It
  28 create a image file, add a partition table, mount it and run
  29 debootstrap in the mounted directory to create a Debian system on a
  30 stick.  Yesterday, I decided to try to teach it how to make images for
  31 <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi">Raspberry Pi</a>, as part
  32 of a plan to simplify the build system for
  33 <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/FreedomBox">the FreedomBox
  34 project</a>.  The FreedomBox project already uses vmdebootstrap for
  35 the virtualbox images, but its current build system made multistrap
  36 based system for Dreamplug images, and it is lacking support for
  37 Raspberry Pi.</p>
  38
  39 <p>Armed with the knowledge on how to build "foreign" (aka non-native
  40 architecture) chroots for Raspberry Pi, I dived into the vmdebootstrap
  41 code and adjusted it to be able to build armel images on my amd64
  42 Debian laptop.  I ended up giving vmdebootstrap five new options,
  43 allowing me to replicate the image creation process I use to make
  44 <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_Raspberry_Pi_based_batman_adv_Mesh_network_node.html">Debian
  45 Jessie based mesh node images for the Raspberry Pi</a>.  First, the
  46 <tt>--foreign /path/to/binfm_handler</tt> option tell vmdebootstrap to
  47 call debootstrap with --foreign and to copy the handler into the
  48 generated chroot before running the second stage.  This allow
  49 vmdebootstrap to create armel images on an amd64 host.  Next I added
  50 two new options <tt>--bootsize size</tt> and <tt>--boottype
  51 fstype</tt> to teach it to create a separate /boot/ partition with the
  52 given file system type, allowing me to create an image with a vfat
  53 partition for the /boot/ stuff.  I also added a <tt>--variant
  54 variant</tt> option to allow me to create smaller images without the
  55 Debian base system packages installed.  Finally, I added an option
  56 <tt>--no-extlinux</tt> to tell vmdebootstrap to not install extlinux
  57 as a boot loader.  It is not needed on the Raspberry Pi and probably
  58 most other non-x86 architectures.  The changes were accepted by the
  59 upstream author of vmdebootstrap yesterday and today, and is now
  60 available from
  61 <a href="http://git.liw.fi/cgi-bin/cgit/cgit.cgi/vmdebootstrap/">the
  62 upstream project page</a>.</p>
  63
  64 <p>To use it to build a Raspberry Pi image using Debian Jessie, first
  65 create a small script (the customize script) to add the non-free
  66 binary blob needed to boot the Raspberry Pi and the APT source
  67 list:</p>
  68
  69 <p><pre>
  70 #!/bin/sh
  71 set -e # Exit on first error
  72 rootdir="$1"
  73 cd "$rootdir"
  74 cat &lt;&lt;EOF > etc/apt/sources.list
  75 deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
  76 EOF
  77 # Install non-free binary blob needed to boot Raspberry Pi.  This
  78 # install a kernel somewhere too.
  79 wget https://raw.github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update/master/rpi-update \
  80     -O $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
  81 chmod a+x $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
  82 mkdir -p $rootdir/lib/modules
  83 touch $rootdir/boot/start.elf
  84 chroot $rootdir rpi-update
  85 </pre></p>
  86
  87 <p>Next, fetch the latest vmdebootstrap script and call it like this
  88 to build the image:</p>
  89
  90 <pre>
  91 sudo ./vmdebootstrap \
  92     --variant minbase \
  93     --arch armel \
  94     --distribution jessie \
  95     --mirror http://http.debian.net/debian \
  96     --image test.img \
  97     --size 600M \
  98     --bootsize 64M \
  99     --boottype vfat \
 100     --log-level debug \
 101     --verbose \
 102     --no-kernel \
 103     --no-extlinux \
 104     --root-password raspberry \
 105     --hostname raspberrypi \
 106     --foreign /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \
 107     --customize `pwd`/customize \
 108     --package netbase \
 109     --package git-core \
 110     --package binutils \
 111     --package ca-certificates \
 112     --package wget \
 113     --package kmod
 114 </pre></p>
 115
 116 <p>The list of packages being installed are the ones needed by
 117 rpi-update to make the image bootable on the Raspberry Pi, with the
 118 exception of netbase, which is needed by debootstrap to find
 119 /etc/hosts with the minbase variant.  I really wish there was a way to
 120 set up an Raspberry Pi using only packages in the Debian archive, but
 121 that is not possible as far as I know, because it boots from the GPU
 122 using a non-free binary blob.</p>
 123
 124 <p>The build host need debootstrap, kpartx and qemu-user-static and
 125 probably a few others installed.  I have not checked the complete
 126 build dependency list.</p>
 127
 128 <p>The resulting image will not use the hardware floating point unit
 129 on the Raspberry PI, because the armel architecture in Debian is not
 130 optimized for that use.  So the images created will be a bit slower
 131 than <a href="http://www.raspbian.org/">Raspbian</a> based images.</p>
 132 </div>
 133
 134       <div class="tags">Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network</a>.</div>
 135
 136
 137     </div>
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142     <div id="sidebar">
 143
 144
 145
 146 <h2>Archive</h2>
 147 <ul>
 148
 149 <li>2025
 150 <ul>
 151
 152 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2025/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 153
 154 </ul></li>
 155
 156 <li>2023
 157 <ul>
 158
 159 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 160
 161 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 162
 163 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 164
 165 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 166
 167 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 168
 169 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 170
 171 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 172
 173 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 174
 175 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/11/">November (4)</a></li>
 176
 177 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 178
 179 </ul></li>
 180
 181 <li>2022
 182 <ul>
 183
 184 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 185
 186 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 187
 188 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 189
 190 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 191
 192 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 193
 194 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 195
 196 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 197
 198 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 199
 200 </ul></li>
 201
 202 <li>2021
 203 <ul>
 204
 205 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 206
 207 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 208
 209 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 210
 211 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 212
 213 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (3)</a></li>
 214
 215 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 216
 217 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 218
 219 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 220
 221 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 222
 223 </ul></li>
 224
 225 <li>2020
 226 <ul>
 227
 228 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 229
 230 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 231
 232 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 233
 234 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 235
 236 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 237
 238 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 239
 240 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 241
 242 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 243
 244 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 245
 246 </ul></li>
 247
 248 <li>2019
 249 <ul>
 250
 251 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 252
 253 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 254
 255 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 256
 257 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 258
 259 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 260
 261 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 262
 263 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 264
 265 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 266
 267 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 268
 269 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 270
 271 </ul></li>
 272
 273 <li>2018
 274 <ul>
 275
 276 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 277
 278 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 279
 280 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 281
 282 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 283
 284 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 285
 286 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 287
 288 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 289
 290 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 291
 292 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 293
 294 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 295
 296 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 297
 298 </ul></li>
 299
 300 <li>2017
 301 <ul>
 302
 303 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 304
 305 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 306
 307 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 308
 309 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 310
 311 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 312
 313 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 314
 315 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 316
 317 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 318
 319 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 320
 321 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 322
 323 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 324
 325 </ul></li>
 326
 327 <li>2016
 328 <ul>
 329
 330 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 331
 332 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 333
 334 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 335
 336 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 337
 338 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 339
 340 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 341
 342 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 343
 344 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 345
 346 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 347
 348 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 349
 350 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 351
 352 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 353
 354 </ul></li>
 355
 356 <li>2015
 357 <ul>
 358
 359 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 360
 361 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 362
 363 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 364
 365 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 366
 367 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 368
 369 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 370
 371 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 372
 373 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 374
 375 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 376
 377 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 378
 379 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 380
 381 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 382
 383 </ul></li>
 384
 385 <li>2014
 386 <ul>
 387
 388 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 389
 390 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 391
 392 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 393
 394 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 395
 396 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 397
 398 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 399
 400 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 401
 402 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 403
 404 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 405
 406 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 407
 408 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 409
 410 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 411
 412 </ul></li>
 413
 414 <li>2013
 415 <ul>
 416
 417 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 418
 419 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 420
 421 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 422
 423 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 424
 425 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 426
 427 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 428
 429 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 430
 431 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 432
 433 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 434
 435 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 436
 437 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 438
 439 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 440
 441 </ul></li>
 442
 443 <li>2012
 444 <ul>
 445
 446 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 447
 448 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 449
 450 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 451
 452 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 453
 454 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 455
 456 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 457
 458 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 459
 460 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 461
 462 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 463
 464 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 465
 466 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 467
 468 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 469
 470 </ul></li>
 471
 472 <li>2011
 473 <ul>
 474
 475 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 476
 477 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 478
 479 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 480
 481 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 482
 483 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 484
 485 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 486
 487 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 488
 489 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 490
 491 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 492
 493 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 494
 495 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 496
 497 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 498
 499 </ul></li>
 500
 501 <li>2010
 502 <ul>
 503
 504 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 505
 506 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 507
 508 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 509
 510 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 511
 512 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 513
 514 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 515
 516 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 517
 518 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 519
 520 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 521
 522 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 523
 524 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 525
 526 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 527
 528 </ul></li>
 529
 530 <li>2009
 531 <ul>
 532
 533 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 534
 535 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 536
 537 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 538
 539 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 540
 541 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 542
 543 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 544
 545 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 546
 547 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 548
 549 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 550
 551 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 552
 553 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 554
 555 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 556
 557 </ul></li>
 558
 559 <li>2008
 560 <ul>
 561
 562 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 563
 564 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 565
 566 </ul></li>
 567
 568 </ul>
 569
 570
 571
 572 <h2>Tags</h2>
 573 <ul>
 574
 575  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
 576
 577  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 578
 579  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 580
 581  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 582
 583  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
 584
 585  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
 586
 587  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 588
 589  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 590
 591  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (3)</a></li>
 592
 593  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (197)</a></li>
 594
 595  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
 596
 597  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
 598
 599  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
 600
 601  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
 602
 603  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (32)</a></li>
 604
 605  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 606
 607  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (456)</a></li>
 608
 609  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 610
 611  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
 612
 613  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
 614
 615  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 616
 617  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
 618
 619  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 620
 621  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
 622
 623  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
 624
 625  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
 626
 627  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (6)</a></li>
 628
 629  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 630
 631  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
 632
 633  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 634
 635  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (5)</a></li>
 636
 637  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 638
 639  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 640
 641  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
 642
 643  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 644
 645  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (46)</a></li>
 646
 647  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (15)</a></li>
 648
 649  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (24)</a></li>
 650
 651  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (323)</a></li>
 652
 653  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (198)</a></li>
 654
 655  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (40)</a></li>
 656
 657  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 658
 659  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch (4)</a></li>
 660
 661  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (76)</a></li>
 662
 663  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
 664
 665  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
 666
 667  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 668
 669  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 670
 671  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 672
 673  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
 674
 675  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 676
 677  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
 678
 679  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 680
 681  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (60)</a></li>
 682
 683  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 684
 685  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 686
 687  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (75)</a></li>
 688
 689  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
 690
 691  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
 692
 693  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (65)</a></li>
 694
 695  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
 696
 697  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 698
 699  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 700
 701  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (22)</a></li>
 702
 703  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (80)</a></li>
 704
 705  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 706
 707  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
 708
 709 </ul>
 710
 711
 712     </div>
 713     <p style="text-align: right">
 714  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 715 </p>
 716
 717   </body>
 718 </html>