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                <title>Petter Reinholdtsen - Entries tagged debian edu</title>
                <description>Entries tagged debian edu</description>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/</link>

        
        <item>
                <title>The sorry state of multimedia browser plugins in Debian</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_sorry_state_of_multimedia_browser_plugins_in_Debian.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_sorry_state_of_multimedia_browser_plugins_in_Debian.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 25 Nov 2008 00:10:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Recently I have spent some time evaluating the multimedia browser
plugins available in Debian Lenny, to see which one we should use by
default in Debian Edu.  We need an embedded video playing plugin with
control buttons to pause or stop the video, and capable of streaming
all the multimedia content available on the web.  The test results and
notes are available on
&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/BrowserMultimedia&quot;&gt;the
Debian wiki&lt;/a&gt;.  I was surprised how few of the plugins are able to
fill this need.  My personal video player favorite, VLC, has a really
bad plugin which fail on a lot of the test pages.  A lot of the MIME
types I would expect to work with any free software player (like
video/ogg), just do not work.  And simple formats like the
audio/x-mplegurl format (m3u playlists), just isn&#39;t supported by the
totem and vlc plugins.  I hope the situation will improve soon.  No
wonder sites use the proprietary Adobe flash to play video.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For Lenny, we seem to end up with the mplayer plugin.  It seem to
be the only one fitting our needs. :/&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Devcamp brought us closer to the Lenny based Debian Edu release</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Devcamp_brought_us_closer_to_the_Lenny_based_Debian_Edu_release.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Devcamp_brought_us_closer_to_the_Lenny_based_Debian_Edu_release.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 7 Dec 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;This weekend we had a small developer gathering for Debian Edu in
Oslo.  Most of Saturday was used for the general assemly for the
member organization, but the rest of the weekend I used to tune the
LTSP installation.  LTSP now work out of the box on the 10-network.
Acer Aspire One proved to be a very nice thin client, with both
screen, mouse and keybard in a small box.  Was working on getting the
diskless workstation setup configured out of the box, but did not
finish it before the weekend was up.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Did not find time to look at the 4 VGA cards in one box we got from
the Brazilian group, so that will have to wait for the next
development gathering.  Would love to have the Debian Edu installer
automatically detect and configure a multiseat setup when it find one
of these cards.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Endelig norsk stavekontroll med støtte for ord med bindestrek</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Endelig_norsk_stavekontroll_med_st_tte_for_ord_med_bindestrek.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Endelig_norsk_stavekontroll_med_st_tte_for_ord_med_bindestrek.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Fri, 26 Dec 2008 11:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Etter flere års mislykkede forsøk på å skrive om byggesystemet for
&lt;a href=&quot;http://no.speling.org/&quot;&gt;den norske stavekontrollen for bokmål
og nynorsk&lt;/a&gt; til å ikke bruke bindestrek som ordskillemarkør, lyktes jeg
endelig første juledag.  Bruken av bindestrek som ordskillemarkør har
gjort det umulig å få med ord med bindestrek i
stavekontrolldatagrunnlaget, slik at ord som e-post og CD-spiller ikke
kunne godtas av stavekontrollen.  Hadde litt tid til overs å bruke på
stavekontrollen, og satte meg ned med to kopier av byggsystemet og en
liten testdatafil, og byttet ut - med = på utvalgte steder i
byggsystemet og datafilen helt til jeg fikk samme resultat med det
gamle og det nye byggsystemet.  Dette tror jeg var forsøk 4, der de
foregående har feilet uten at jeg klarte å forstå hvorfor.  Det sier
kanskje litt om kompleksiteten i det originale byggsystemet som Rune
Kleveland laget i sin tid.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Etter å ha endret byggsystemet, var neste steg å importere ordene
med bindestrek.  Vi har en rekke slike i databasene for
&lt;a href=&quot;http://tyge.sslug.dk/~korsvoll/nb.speling.org/htdocs/&quot;&gt;bokmål&lt;/a&gt;
og
&lt;a href=&quot;http://tyge.sslug.dk/~korsvoll/nn.speling.org/htdocs/&quot;&gt;nynorsk&lt;/a&gt;
for korrektur av datagrunnlaget for stavekontrollen, og etter importen
skulle nå 10350 nye ord bli godkjent som korrekt stavede ord av
stavekontrollen.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Endelig er Debian Lenny gitt ut</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Endelig_er_Debian_Lenny_gitt_ut.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Endelig_er_Debian_Lenny_gitt_ut.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 15 Feb 2009 11:50:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Endelig er &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.debian.org/&quot;&gt;Debian&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.debian.org/News/2009/20090214&quot;&gt;Lenny&lt;/a&gt; gitt ut.
Et langt steg videre for Debian-prosjektet, og en rekke nye
programpakker blir nå tilgjengelig for de av oss som bruker den
stabile utgaven av Debian.  Neste steg er nå å få
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; /
&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu&lt;/a&gt; ferdig
oppdatert for den nye utgaven, slik at en oppdatert versjon kan
slippes løs på skolene.  Takk til alle debian-utviklerne som har
gjort dette mulig.  Endelig er f.eks. fungerende avhengighetsstyrt
bootsekvens tilgjengelig i stabil utgave, vha pakken
&lt;tt&gt;insserv&lt;/tt&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Time for new  LDAP schemas replacing RFC 2307?</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Time_for_new__LDAP_schemas_replacing_RFC_2307_.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Time_for_new__LDAP_schemas_replacing_RFC_2307_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 29 Mar 2009 20:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;The state of standardized LDAP schemas on Linux is far from
optimal.  There is RFC 2307 documenting one way to store NIS maps in
LDAP, and a modified version of this normally called RFC 2307bis, with
some modifications to be compatible with Active Directory.  The RFC
specification handle the content of a lot of system databases, but do
not handle DNS zones and DHCP configuration.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu/Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;,
we would like to store information about users, SMB clients/hosts,
filegroups, netgroups (users and hosts), DHCP and DNS configuration,
and LTSP configuration in LDAP.  These objects have a lot in common,
but with the current LDAP schemas it is not possible to have one
object per entity.  For example, one need to have at least three LDAP
objects for a given computer, one with the SMB related stuff, one with
DNS information and another with DHCP information.  The schemas
provided for DNS and DHCP are impossible to combine into one LDAP
object.  In addition, it is impossible to implement quick queries for
netgroup membership, because of the way NIS triples are implemented.
It just do not scale.  I believe it is time for a few RFC
specifications to cleam up this mess.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I would like to have one LDAP object representing each computer in
the network, and this object can then keep the SMB (ie host key), DHCP
(mac address/name) and DNS (name/IP address) settings in one place.
It need to be efficently stored to make sure it scale well.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I would also like to have a quick way to map from a user or
computer and to the net group this user or computer is a member.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Active Directory have done a better job than unix heads like myself
in this regard, and the unix side need to catch up.  Time to start a
new IETF work group?&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Returning from Skolelinux developer gathering</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Returning_from_Skolelinux_developer_gathering.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Returning_from_Skolelinux_developer_gathering.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 29 Mar 2009 21:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I&#39;m sitting on the train going home from this weekends Debian
Edu/Skolelinux development gathering.  I got a bit done tuning the
desktop, and looked into the dynamic service location protocol
implementation avahi.  It look like it could be useful for us.  Almost
30 people participated, and I believe it was a great environment to
get to know the Skolelinux system.  Walter Bender, involved in the
development of the Sugar educational platform, presented his stuff and
also helped me improve my OLPC installation.  He also showed me that
his Turtle Art application can be used in standalone mode, and we
agreed that I would help getting it packaged for Debian.  As a
standalone application it would be great for Debian Edu.  We also
tried to get the video conferencing working with two OLPCs, but that
proved to be too hard for us.  The application seem to need more work
before it is ready for me.  I look forward to getting home and relax
now. :)&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Endelig operativt webbasert medlemsregister for Fri programvare i skolen</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Endelig_operativt_webbasert_medlemsregister_for_Fri_programvare_i_skolen.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Endelig_operativt_webbasert_medlemsregister_for_Fri_programvare_i_skolen.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 2 Nov 2009 22:40:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Under helgens utviklersamling i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.no/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; fikk jeg endelig
satt meg ned sammen med Ronny Aasen i styret for å få et webbasert
medlemsregister tilbake på plass for foreningen som passer på
skolelinuxprosjektet.  Etter flere års knot og problemer, er nå
memberdb satt opp og klart til bruk.  Import av det gamle
medlemsregisteret har vist seg vanskelig, så alle medlemmer bes om å
registrere seg på nytt.  Hvis du støtter FRiSKs formål så er du
hjertelig velkommen til
&lt;a href=&quot;http://medlem.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&quot;&gt;å melde deg
inn&lt;/a&gt;. Formålet lyder:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Linux i skolen skal tilrettelegge for og informere om bruk
av fri programvare, i henhold til Debian Free Software Guidelines av
2002-02-03, i den norske skolen, slik som f.eks. Linux og
GNU.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Opphavet til Skolelinux-prosjektet</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Opphavet_til_Skolelinux_prosjektet.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Opphavet_til_Skolelinux_prosjektet.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 17 Dec 2009 10:50:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;De færreste er klar over at Skolelinux-prosjektet kom som et resultat
av en avgjørelse på årsmøtet i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/&quot;&gt;NUUG&lt;/a&gt; i 2000-06-29, der Håkon Wium
Lie, da varamedlem i styret, tok på seg oppdraget om å starte et
initiativ kalt &quot;Teach the Teacher&quot;, som skulle være et initiativ for
å få fri programvare og unix-lignende operativsystemer inn i Skolen.
Tanken var at en måtte starte med lærerne for at ungene skulle få
mulighet til å møte en bedre IT-hverdag.  Jeg var tilstede på
møtet, og hadde sans for ideen, men intet skjedde.  På vårparten
2001 ble det arrangert en demonstrasjon i anledning at First Tuesday
hadde invitert Microsoft til et møte for å fortelle om fremtidens
Internet.  Dette provoserte endel av oss, og EFN og NUUG tok initiativ
til å arrangere
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.digi.no/60982/first-tuesday-mote-med-microsoft-protest&quot;&gt;en
demonstrasjon utenfor lokalene 2001-05-21&lt;/a&gt;.  Blant de som sto bak
demonstrasjonen var Vidar Bakke fra NUUG og Håkon W. Lie fra EFN.
Etter demonstrasjonen arrangerte Håkon en fest hjemme hos seg der alle
som hadde vært aktive i demonstrasjonsplanlegging og gjennomføringen
deltok.  Før festen var jeg blitt lei av å vente på at Håkon skulle ta
initiativ til &quot;Teach the Teacher&quot;, og for å forsøke å få litt fremgang
besteme jeg meg for å benytte anledningen hos Håkon til å snakke om
behovet for å hjelpe skolene i gang med bedre datasystemer bestående
av fri programvare og unix-lignende operativsystemer.  Flere var
interessert, og Knut Yrvin tenkte på ideen.  Han
&lt;a href=&quot;http://developer.skolelinux.no/brev/2001-06-28-invitasjon-skolelinux.txt&quot;&gt;ropte
sammen&lt;/a&gt; til et stiftelsesmøte i prosjektet i sin arbeidsgivers
Objectwares lokaler ved Ullevål stadion 2001-07-02, og jeg ble med.
Resten er historie. :)&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Automatic Munin and Nagios configuration</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_Munin_and_Nagios_configuration.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_Munin_and_Nagios_configuration.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 27 Jan 2010 15:15:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;One of the new features in the next Debian/Lenny based release of
Debian Edu/Skolelinux, which is scheduled for release in the next few
days, is automatic configuration of the service monitoring system
Nagios.  The previous release had automatic configuration of trend
analysis using Munin, and this Lenny based release take that a step
further.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When installing a Debian Edu Main-server, it is automatically
configured as a Munin and Nagios server.  In addition, it is
configured to be a server for the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/SiteSummary&quot;&gt;SiteSummary
system&lt;/a&gt; I have written for use in Debian Edu.  The SiteSummary
system is inspired by a system used by the University of Oslo where I
work.  In short, the system provide a centralised collector of
information about the computers on the network, and a client on each
computer submitting information to this collector.  This allow for
automatic information on which packages are installed on each machine,
which kernel the machines are using, what kind of configuration the
packages got etc.  This also allow us to automatically generate Munin
and Nagios configuration.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;All computers reporting to the sitesummary collector with the
munin-node package installed is automatically enabled as a Munin
client and graphs from the statistics collected from that machine show
up automatically on http://www/munin/ on the Main-server.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;All non-laptop computers reporting to the sitesummary collector are
automatically monitored for network presence (ping and any network
services detected).  In addition, all computers (also laptops) with
the nagios-nrpe-server package installed and configured the way
sitesummary would configure it, are monitored for full disks, software
raid status, swap free and other checks that need to run locally on
the machine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The result is that the administrator on a school using Debian Edu
based on Lenny will be able to check the health of his installation
with one look at the Nagios settings, without having to spend any time
keeping the Nagios configuration up-to-date.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The only configuration one need to do to get Nagios up and running
is to set the password used to get access via HTTP.  The system
administrator need to run &quot;&lt;tt&gt;htpasswd /etc/nagios3/htpasswd.users
nagiosadmin&lt;/tt&gt;&quot; to create a nagiosadmin user and set a password for
it to be able to log into the Nagios web pages.  After that,
everything is taken care of.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu / Skolelinux based on Lenny released, work continues</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Lenny_released__work_continues.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Lenny_released__work_continues.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 11 Feb 2010 17:15:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;On Tuesday, the Debian/Lenny based version of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; was finally
shipped.  This was a major leap forward for the project, and I am very
pleased that we finally got the release wrapped up.  Work on the first
point release starts imediately, as we plan to get that one out a
month after the major release, to include all fixes for bugs we found
and fixed too late in the release process to include last Tuesday.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Perhaps it even is time for some partying?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After this first point release, my plan is to focus again on the
next major release, based on Squeeze.  We will try to get as many of
the fixes we need into the official Debian packages before the freeze,
and have just a few weeks or months to make it happen.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>After 6 years of waiting, the Xreset.d feature is implemented</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/After_6_years_of_waiting__the_Xreset_d_feature_is_implemented.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/After_6_years_of_waiting__the_Xreset_d_feature_is_implemented.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 6 Mar 2010 18:15:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;6 years ago, as part of the Debian Edu development I am involved
in, I asked for a hook in the kdm and gdm setup to run scripts as root
when the user log out.  A bug was submitted against the xfree86-common
package in 2004 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/230422&quot;&gt;#230422&lt;/a&gt;),
and revisited every time Debian Edu was working on a new release.
Today, this finally paid off.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The framework for this feature was today commited to the git
repositry for the xorg package, and the git repository for xdm has
been updated to use this framework.  Next on my agenda is to make sure
kdm and gdm also add code to use this framework.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In Debian Edu, we want to ability to run commands as root when the
user log out, to get rid of runaway processes and do general cleanup
after a user.  With this framework in place, we finally can do that in
a generic way that work with all display managers using this
framework.  My goal is to get all display managers in Debian use it,
similar to how they use the Xsession.d framework today.&lt;p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Kerberos for Debian Edu/Squeeze?</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Kerberos_for_Debian_Edu_Squeeze_.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Kerberos_for_Debian_Edu_Squeeze_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 14 Apr 2010 17:20:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/aktiviteter/20100413-kerberos/&quot;&gt;Yesterdays
NUUG presentation&lt;/a&gt; about Kerberos was inspiring, and reminded me
about the need to start using Kerberos in Skolelinux.  Setting up a
Kerberos server seem to be straight forward, and if we get this in
place a long time before the Squeeze version of Debian freezes, we
have a chance to migrate Skolelinux away from NFSv3 for the home
directories, and over to an architecture where the infrastructure do
not have to trust IP addresses and machines, and instead can trust
users and cryptographic keys instead.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A challenge will be integration and administration.  Is there a
Kerberos implementation for Debian where one can control the
administration access in Kerberos using LDAP groups?  With it, the
school administration will have to maintain access control using flat
files on the main server, which give a huge potential for errors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A related question I would like to know is how well Kerberos and
pam-ccreds (offline password check) work together.  Anyone know?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Next step will be to use Kerberos for access control in Lwat and
Nagios.  I have no idea how much work that will be to implement.  We
would also need to document how to integrate with Windows AD, as such
shared network will require two Kerberos realms that need to cooperate
to work properly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I believe a good start would be to start using Kerberos on the
skolelinux.no machines, and this way get ourselves experience with
configuration and integration.  A natural starting point would be
setting up ldap.skolelinux.no as the Kerberos server, and migrate the
rest of the machines from PAM via LDAP to PAM via Kerberos one at the
time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you would like to contribute to get this working in Skolelinux,
I recommend you to see the video recording from yesterdays NUUG
presentation, and start using Kerberos at home.  The video show show
up in a few days.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Thoughts on roaming laptop setup for Debian Edu</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thoughts_on_roaming_laptop_setup_for_Debian_Edu.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thoughts_on_roaming_laptop_setup_for_Debian_Edu.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 28 Apr 2010 20:40:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;For some years now, I have wondered how we should handle laptops in
Debian Edu.  The Debian Edu infrastructure is mostly designed to
handle stationary computers, and less suited for computers that come
and go.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Now I finally believe I have an sensible idea on how to adjust
Debian Edu for laptops, by introducing a new profile for them, for
example called Roaming Workstations.  Here are my thought on this.
The setup would consist of the following:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

 &lt;li&gt;During installation, the user name of the owner / primary user of
   the laptop is requested and a local home directory is set up for
   the user, with uid and gid information fetched from the LDAP
   server.  This allow the user to work also when offline.  The
   central home directory can be available in a subdirectory on
   request, for example mounted via CIFS.  It could be mounted
   automatically when a user log in while on the Debian Edu network,
   and unmounted when the machine is taken away (network down,
   hibernate, etc), it can be set up to do automatic mounting on
   request (using autofs), or perhaps some GUI button on the desktop
   can be used to access it when needed.  Perhaps it is enough to use
   the fish protocol in KDE?&lt;/li&gt;

 &lt;li&gt;Password checking is set up to use LDAP or Kerberos
   authentication when the machine is on the Debian Edu network, and
   to cache the password for offline checking when the machine unable
   to reach the LDAP or Kerberos server.  This can be done using
   &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.padl.com/OSS/pam_ccreds.html&quot;&gt;libpam-ccreds&lt;/a&gt;
   or the Fedora developed
   &lt;a href=&quot;https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/SSSD&quot;&gt;System
   Security Services Daemon&lt;/a&gt; packages.&lt;/li&gt;

 &lt;li&gt;File synchronisation with the central home directory is set up
   using a shared directory in both the local and the central home
   directory, using unison.&lt;/li&gt;

 &lt;li&gt;Printing should be set up to print to all printers broadcasting
   their existence on the local network, and should then work out of
   the box with CUPS.  For sites needing accurate printer quotas, some
   system with Kerberos authentication or printing via ssh could be
   implemented.&lt;/li&gt;

 &lt;li&gt;For users that should have local root access to their laptop,
   sudo should be used to allow this to the local user.&lt;/li&gt;

 &lt;li&gt;It would be nice if user and group information from LDAP is
   cached on the client, but given that there are entries for the
   local user and primary group in /etc/, it should not be needed.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I believe all the pieces to implement this are in Debian/testing at
the moment.  If we work quickly, we should be able to get this ready
in time for the Squeeze release to freeze.  Some of the pieces need
tweaking, like libpam-ccreds should get support for pam-auth-update
(&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/566718&quot;&gt;#566718&lt;/a&gt;) and nslcd (or
perhaps debian-edu-config) should get some integration code to stop
its daemon when the LDAP server is unavailable to avoid long timeouts
when disconnected from the net.  If we get Kerberos enabled, we need
to make sure we avoid long timeouts there too.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu,
please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Forcing new users to change their password on first login</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Forcing_new_users_to_change_their_password_on_first_login.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Forcing_new_users_to_change_their_password_on_first_login.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 2 May 2010 13:47:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;One interesting feature in Active Directory, is the ability to
create a new user with an expired password, and thus force the user to
change the password on the first login attempt.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I&#39;m not quite sure how to do that with the LDAP setup in Debian
Edu, but did some initial testing with a local account.  The account
and password aging information is available in /etc/shadow, but
unfortunately, it is not possible to specify an expiration time for
passwords, only a maximum age for passwords.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A freshly created account (using adduser test) will have these
settings in /etc/shadow:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
root@tjener:~# chage -l test
Last password change                                    : May 02, 2010
Password expires                                        : never
Password inactive                                       : never
Account expires                                         : never
Minimum number of days between password change          : 0
Maximum number of days between password change          : 99999
Number of days of warning before password expires       : 7
root@tjener:~#
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The only way I could come up with to create a user with an expired
account, is to change the date of the last password change to the
lowest value possible (January 1th 1970), and the maximum password age
to the difference in days between that date and today.  To make it
simple, I went for 30 years (30 * 365 = 10950) and January 2th (to
avoid testing if 0 is a valid value).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After using these commands to set it up, it seem to work as
intended:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
root@tjener:~# chage -d 1 test; chage -M 10950 test
root@tjener:~# chage -l test
Last password change                                    : Jan 02, 1970
Password expires                                        : never
Password inactive                                       : never
Account expires                                         : never
Minimum number of days between password change          : 0
Maximum number of days between password change          : 10950
Number of days of warning before password expires       : 7
root@tjener:~#  
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;So far I have tested this with ssh and console, and kdm (in
Squeeze) login, and all ask for a new password before login in the
user (with ssh, I was thrown out and had to log in again).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Perhaps we should set up something similar for Debian Edu, to make
sure only the user itself have the account password?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you want to comment on or help out with implementing this for
Debian Edu, please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update 2010-05-02 17:20: Paul Tötterman tells me on IRC that the
shadow(8) page in Debian/testing now state that setting the date of
last password change to zero (0) will force the password to be changed
on the first login.  This was not mentioned in the manual in Lenny, so
I did not notice this in my initial testing.  I have tested it on
Squeeze, and &#39;&lt;tt&gt;chage -d 0 username&lt;/tt&gt;&#39; do work there.  I have not
tested it on Lenny yet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update 2010-05-02-19:05: Jim Paris tells me via email that an
equivalent command to expire a password is &#39;&lt;tt&gt;passwd -e
username&lt;/tt&gt;&#39;, which insert zero into the date of the last password
change.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Sitesummary tip: Listing MAC address of all clients</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_MAC_address_of_all_clients.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_MAC_address_of_all_clients.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Fri, 14 May 2010 21:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;In the recent Debian Edu versions, the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/SiteSummary&quot;&gt;sitesummary
system&lt;/a&gt; is used to keep track of the machines in the school
network.  Each machine will automatically report its status to the
central server after boot and once per night.  The network setup is
also reported, and using this information it is possible to get the
MAC address of all network interfaces in the machines.  This is useful
to update the DHCP configuration.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To give some idea how to use sitesummary, here is a one-liner to
ist all MAC addresses of all machines reporting to sitesummary.  Run
this on the collector host:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
perl -MSiteSummary -e &#39;for_all_hosts(sub { print join(&quot; &quot;, get_macaddresses(shift)), &quot;\n&quot;; });&#39;
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This will list all MAC addresses assosiated with all machine, one
line per machine and with space between the MAC addresses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To allow system administrators easier job at adding static DHCP
addresses for hosts, it would be possible to extend this to fetch
machine information from sitesummary and update the DHCP and DNS
tables in LDAP using this information.  Such tool is unfortunately not
written yet.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Parallellized boot is now the default in Debian/unstable</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Parallellized_boot_is_now_the_default_in_Debian_unstable.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Parallellized_boot_is_now_the_default_in_Debian_unstable.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Fri, 14 May 2010 22:40:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Since this evening, parallel booting is the default in
Debian/unstable for machines using dependency based boot sequencing.
Apparently the testing of concurrent booting has been wider than
expected, if I am to believe the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg00122.html&quot;&gt;input
on debian-devel@&lt;/a&gt;, and I concluded a few days ago to move forward
with the feature this weekend, to give us some time to detect any
remaining problems before Squeeze is frozen.  If serious problems are
detected, it is simple to change the default back to sequential boot.
The upload of the new sysvinit package also activate a new upstream
version.&lt;/p&gt;

More information about
&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot&quot;&gt;dependency
based boot sequencing&lt;/a&gt; is available from the Debian wiki.  It is
currently possible to disable parallel booting when one run into
problems caused by it, by adding this line to /etc/default/rcS:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
CONCURRENCY=none
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you report any problems with dependencies in init.d scripts to
the BTS, please usertag the report to get it to show up at
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?users=initscripts-ng-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org&quot;&gt;the
list of usertagged bugs related to this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Pieces of the roaming laptop puzzle in Debian</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Pieces_of_the_roaming_laptop_puzzle_in_Debian.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Pieces_of_the_roaming_laptop_puzzle_in_Debian.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 19 May 2010 19:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Today, the last piece of the puzzle for roaming laptops in Debian
Edu finally entered the Debian archive.  Today, the new
&lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-mklocaluser.html&quot;&gt;libpam-mklocaluser&lt;/a&gt;
package was accepted.  Two days ago, two other pieces was accepted
into unstable.  The
&lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/pam-python.html&quot;&gt;pam-python&lt;/a&gt;
package needed by libpam-mklocaluser, and the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sssd.html&quot;&gt;sssd&lt;/a&gt; package
passed NEW on Monday.  In addition, the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-ccreds.html&quot;&gt;libpam-ccreds&lt;/a&gt;
package we need is in experimental (version 10-4) since Saturday, and
hopefully will be moved to unstable soon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This collection of packages allow for two different setups for
roaming laptops.  The traditional setup would be using libpam-ccreds,
nscd and libpam-mklocaluser with LDAP or Kerberos authentication,
which should work out of the box if the configuration changes proposed
for nscd in &lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/485282&quot;&gt;BTS report
#485282&lt;/a&gt; is implemented.  The alternative setup is to use sssd with
libpam-mklocaluser to connect to LDAP or Kerberos and let sssd take
care of the caching of passwords and group information.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I have so far been unable to get sssd to work with the LDAP server
at the University, but suspect the issue is some SSL/GnuTLS related
problem with the server certificate.  I plan to update the Debian
package to version 1.2, which is scheduled for next week, and hope to
find time to make sure the next release will include both the
Debian/Ubuntu specific patches.  Upstream is friendly and responsive,
and I am sure we will find a good solution.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The idea is to set up the roaming laptops to authenticate using
LDAP or Kerberos and create a local user with home directory in /home/
when a usre in LDAP logs in via KDM or GDM for the first time, and
cache the password for offline checking, as well as caching group
memberhips and other relevant LDAP information.  The
libpam-mklocaluser package was created to make sure the local home
directory is in /home/, instead of /site/server/directory/ which would
be the home directory if pam_mkhomedir was used.  To avoid confusion
with support requests and configuration, we do not want local laptops
to have users in a path that is used for the same users home directory
on the home directory servers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One annoying problem with gdm is that it do not show the PAM
message passed to the user from libpam-mklocaluser when the local user
is created.  Instead gdm simply reject the login with some generic
message.  The message is shown in kdm, ssh and login, so I guess it is
a bug in gdm.  Have not investigated if there is some other message
type that can be used instead to get gdm to also show the message.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu,
please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>More flexible firmware handling in debian-installer</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/More_flexible_firmware_handling_in_debian_installer.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/More_flexible_firmware_handling_in_debian_installer.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 22 May 2010 21:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;After a long break from debian-installer development, I finally
found time today to return to the project.  Having to spend less time
working dependency based boot in debian, as it is almost complete now,
definitely helped freeing some time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A while back, I ran into a problem while working on Debian Edu.  We
include some firmware packages on the Debian Edu CDs, those needed to
get disk and network controllers working.  Without having these
firmware packages available during installation, it is impossible to
install Debian Edu on the given machine, and because our target group
are non-technical people, asking them to provide firmware packages on
an external medium is a support pain.  Initially, I expected it to be
enough to include the firmware packages on the CD to get
debian-installer to find and use them.  This proved to be wrong.
Next, I hoped it was enough to symlink the relevant firmware packages
to some useful location on the CD (tried /cdrom/ and
/cdrom/firmware/).  This also proved to not work, and at this point I
found time to look at the debian-installer code to figure out what was
going to work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The firmware loading code is in the hw-detect package, and a closer
look revealed that it would only look for firmware packages outside
the installation media, so the CD was never checked for firmware
packages.  It would only check USB sticks, floppies and other
&quot;external&quot; media devices.  Today I changed it to also look in the
/cdrom/firmware/ directory on the mounted CD or DVD, which should
solve the problem I ran into with Debian edu.  I also changed it to
look in /firmware/, to make sure the installer also find firmware
provided in the initrd when booting the installer via PXE, to allow us
to provide the same feature in the PXE setup included in Debian
Edu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To make sure firmware deb packages with a license questions are not
activated without asking if the license is accepted, I extended
hw-detect to look for preinst scripts in the firmware packages, and
run these before activating the firmware during installation.  The
license question is asked using debconf in the preinst, so this should
solve the issue for the firmware packages I have looked at so far.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you want to discuss the details of these features, please
contact us on debian-boot@lists.debian.org.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Parallellized boot seem to hold up well in Debian/testing</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Parallellized_boot_seem_to_hold_up_well_in_Debian_testing.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Parallellized_boot_seem_to_hold_up_well_in_Debian_testing.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 27 May 2010 23:55:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;A few days ago, parallel booting was enabled in Debian/testing.
The feature seem to hold up pretty well, but three fairly serious
issues are known and should be solved:

&lt;p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The wicd package seen to
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/508289&quot;&gt;break NFS mounting&lt;/a&gt; and
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/581586&quot;&gt;network setup&lt;/a&gt; when
parallel booting is enabled.  No idea why, but the wicd maintainer
seem to be on the case.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The nvidia X driver seem to
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/583312&quot;&gt;have a race condition&lt;/a&gt;
triggered more easily when parallel booting is in effect.  The
maintainer is on the case.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The sysv-rc package fail to properly enable dependency based boot
sequencing (the shutdown is broken) when old file-rc users
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/575080&quot;&gt;try to switch back&lt;/a&gt; to
sysv-rc.  One way to solve it would be for file-rc to create
/etc/init.d/.legacy-bootordering, and another is to try to make
sysv-rc more robust.  Will investigate some more and probably upload a
workaround in sysv-rc to help those trying to move from file-rc to
sysv-rc get a working shutdown.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;All in all not many surprising issues, and all of them seem
solvable before Squeeze is released.  In addition to these there are
some packages with bugs in their dependencies and run level settings,
which I expect will be fixed in a reasonable time span.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you report any problems with dependencies in init.d scripts to
the BTS, please usertag the report to get it to show up at
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?users=initscripts-ng-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org&quot;&gt;the
list of usertagged bugs related to this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update: Correct bug number to file-rc issue.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>KDM fail at boot with NVidia cards - and no one try to fix it?</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/KDM_fail_at_boot_with_NVidia_cards___and_no_one_try_to_fix_it_.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/KDM_fail_at_boot_with_NVidia_cards___and_no_one_try_to_fix_it_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 1 Jun 2010 17:05:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;It is strange to watch how a bug in Debian causing KDM to fail to
start at boot when an NVidia video card is used is handled.  The
problem seem to be that the nvidia X.org driver uses a long time to
initialize, and this duration is longer than kdm is configured to
wait.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I came across two bugs related to this issue,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/583312&quot;&gt;#583312&lt;/a&gt; initially filed
against initscripts and passed on to nvidia-glx when it became obvious
that the nvidia drivers were involved, and
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/524751&quot;&gt;#524751&lt;/a&gt; initially filed against
kdm and passed on to src:nvidia-graphics-drivers for unknown reasons.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To me, it seem that no-one is interested in actually solving the
problem nvidia video card owners experience and make sure the Debian
distribution work out of the box for these users.  The nvidia driver
maintainers expect kdm to be set up to wait longer, while kdm expect
the nvidia driver maintainers to fix the driver to start faster, and
while they wait for each other I guess the users end up switching to a
distribution that work for them.  I have no idea what the solution is,
but I am pretty sure that waiting for each other is not it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I wonder why we end up handling bugs this way.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Sitesummary tip: Listing computer hardware models used at site</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_computer_hardware_models_used_at_site.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_computer_hardware_models_used_at_site.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 3 Jun 2010 12:05:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;When using sitesummary at a site to track machines, it is possible
to get a list of the machine types in use thanks to the DMI
information extracted from each machine.  The script to do so is
included in the sitesummary package, and here is example output from
the Skolelinux build servers:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
maintainer:~# /usr/lib/sitesummary/hardware-model-summary
  vendor                    count
  Dell Computer Corporation     1
    PowerEdge 1750              1
  IBM                           1
    eserver xSeries 345 -[8670M1X]-     1
  Intel                         2
  [no-dmi-info]                 3
maintainer:~#
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The quality of the report depend on the quality of the DMI tables
provided in each machine.  Here there are Intel machines without model
information listed with Intel as vendor and no model, and virtual Xen
machines listed as [no-dmi-info].  One can add -l as a command line
option to list the individual machines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A larger list is
&lt;a href=&quot;http://narvikskolen.no/sitesummary/&quot;&gt;available from the the
city of Narvik&lt;/a&gt;, which uses Skolelinux on all their shools and also
provide the basic sitesummary report publicly.  In their report there
are ~1400 machines. I know they use both Ubuntu and Skolelinux on
their machines, and as sitesummary is available in both distributions,
it is trivial to get all of them to report to the same central
collector.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>A manual for standards wars...</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_manual_for_standards_wars___.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_manual_for_standards_wars___.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 6 Jun 2010 14:15:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Via the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/robweir/antic-atom/~3/QzU4RgoAGMg/weekly-links-10.html&quot;&gt;blog
of Rob Weir&lt;/a&gt; I came across the very interesting essay named
&lt;a href=&quot;http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/shapiro/wars.pdf&quot;&gt;The Art of
Standards Wars&lt;/a&gt; (PDF 25 pages).  I recommend it for everyone
following the standards wars of today.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux er laget for sentraldrifting, naturligvis</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_er_laget_for_sentraldrifting__naturligvis.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_er_laget_for_sentraldrifting__naturligvis.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 9 Jun 2010 12:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Det er merkelig hvordan myter om Skolelinux overlever.  En slik
myte er at Skolelinux ikke kan sentraldriftes og ha sentralt plasserte
tjenermaskiner.  I siste Computerworld Norge er
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.idg.no/computerworld/article169432.ece&quot;&gt;IT-sjef
Viggo Billdal i Steinkjer intervjuet&lt;/a&gt;, og forteller uten
blygsel:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vi hadde Skolelinux, men det har vi sluttet med. Vi testet
om det lønte seg med Microsoft eller en åpen plattform. Vi fant ut at
Microsoft egentlig var totalt sett bedre egnet. Det var store
driftskostnader med Skolelinux, blant annet på grunn av
desentraliserte servere. Det var komplisert, så vi gikk vekk fra det
og bruker nå bare Windows.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En &lt;a
href=&quot;https://init.linpro.no/pipermail/skolelinux.no/bruker/2010-June/009101.html&quot;&gt;rask
sjekk&lt;/a&gt; mot den norske brukerlista i Skolelinuxprosjektet forteller
at Steinkjers forsøk foregikk fram til 2004/2005, og at Røysing skole
i Steinkjer skal ha vært svært fornøyd med Skolelinux men at kommunen
overkjørte skolen og krevde at de gikk over til Windows.  Et søk på
nettet sendte meg til
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dn.no/multimedia/archive/00090/Dagens_it_nr__18_90826a.pdf&quot;&gt;Dagens
IT nr. 18 2005&lt;/a&gt; hvor en kan lese på side 18:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;Inge Tømmerås ved Røysing skole i Steinkjer kjører ennå
Microsoft, men forteller at kompetanseutfordringen med Skolelinux ikke
var så stor.  ­ Jeg syntes Skolelinux var utrolig lett å drifte uten
forkunnskaper. Men man må jo selvsagt ha tilgang på ekstern kompetanse
til installasjoner og maskinvarefeil, sier Tømmerås.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Som systemarkitekten bak Skolelinux, kan jeg bare riste på hodet
over påstanden om at Skolelinux krever desentraliserte tjenere.
Skolelinux-arkitekturen er laget for sentralisert drift og plassering
av tjenerne lokalt eller sentralt alt etter behov og nettkapasitet.
Den er modellert på nettverks- og tjenerløsningen som brukes på
Universitetet i Tromsø og Oslo, der jeg jobber med utvikling av
driftstjenester.  Dette er det heldigvis noen som har fått med seg, og
jeg er glad for å kunne sitere fra en kommentar på den overnevnte
artikkelen.  Min venn og gamle kollega Sturle Sunde forteller der:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I Flora kommune køyrer vi Skulelinux på skular med alt frå 15 til
meir enn 500 elevar. Dei store skulane har eigen tenar, for det er
mest praktisk. Eg, som er driftsansvarleg for heile nettet, ser
sjeldan dei tenarane fysisk, men at dei står der gjer skulane mindre
avhengige av eksterne linjer som er trege eller dyre. Dei minste
skulane har ikkje eigen tenar. Å bruke sentral tenar er heller ikkje
noko problem. Småskulane klarar seg fint med 1 mbit-linje til ein
sentral tenar eller tenaren på ein større skule.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det beste med Skulelinux er halvtjukke klientar. Dei treng ikkje
harddisk og brukar minimalt med ressursar på tenaren fordi dei køyrer
programma lokalt. Eit klasserom med 30 sju-åtte år gamle maskiner har
mykje meir CPU og RAM totalt enn nokon moderne tenar til under
millionen. Det trengst to kommandoar på den sentrale tenaren for å
oppdatere alle klientane, både tynne og halvtjukke. Vi har ingen
problem med diskar som ryk heller, som var eit problem før fordi
elevane sat og sparka i maskinene. Og dei krev lite bandbreidde i
nettet, so det er fullt mogleg å køyre slike på småskular med trege
linjer mot tenaren på ein større skule.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Flora kommune har nesten 800 Linux-maskiner i sitt skulenett, og
ein person som tek seg av drift av heile nettet, inkludert tenarar,
klientar, operativsystem, programvare, heimekontorløysing og
administrasjon av brukarar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No skal det seiast at vi ikkje køyrer rein Skulelinux ut av
boksen. Vi har gjort ein del tilpassingar mot noko Novell-greier som
var der frå før, og som har komplisert installasjonen vår. Etter at
oppsettet var gjort har løysinga vore stabil og kravd minimalt med
arbeid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg vet at Narvik, Harstad og Oslo er kommuner der Skolelinux
sentraldriftes med sentrale tjenere.  Det forteller meg at Steinkjers
IT-sjef neppe bør skylde på Skolelinux-løsningen for sine 5 år gamle
minner.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Automatic upgrade testing from Lenny to Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_upgrade_testing_from_Lenny_to_Squeeze.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_upgrade_testing_from_Lenny_to_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Fri, 11 Jun 2010 22:50:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;The last few days I have done some upgrade testing in Debian, to
see if the upgrade from Lenny to Squeeze will go smoothly.  A few bugs
have been discovered and reported in the process
(&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/585410&quot;&gt;#585410&lt;/a&gt; in nagios3-cgi,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/584879&quot;&gt;#584879&lt;/a&gt; already fixed in
enscript and &lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/584861&quot;&gt;#584861&lt;/a&gt; in
kdebase-workspace-data), and to get a more regular testing going on, I
am working on a script to automate the test.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The idea is to create a Lenny chroot and use tasksel to install a
Gnome or KDE desktop installation inside the chroot before upgrading
it.  To ensure no services are started in the chroot, a policy-rc.d
script is inserted.  To make sure tasksel believe it is to install a
desktop on a laptop, the tasksel tests are replaced in the chroot
(only acceptable because this is a throw-away chroot).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A naive upgrade from Lenny to Squeeze using aptitude dist-upgrade
currently always fail because udev refuses to upgrade with the kernel
in Lenny, so to avoid that problem the file /etc/udev/kernel-upgrade
is created.  The bug report
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/566000&quot;&gt;#566000&lt;/a&gt; make me suspect
this problem do not trigger in a chroot, but I touch the file anyway
to make sure the upgrade go well.  Testing on virtual and real
hardware have failed me because of udev so far, and creating this file
do the trick in such settings anyway.  This is a
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/debian-26/failed-dist-upgrade-due-to-udev-config_sysfs_deprecated-nonsense-804130/&quot;&gt;known
issue&lt;/a&gt; and the current udev behaviour is intended by the udev
maintainer because he lack the resources to rewrite udev to keep
working with old kernels or something like that.  I really wish the
udev upstream would keep udev backwards compatible, to avoid such
upgrade problem, but given that they fail to do so, I guess
documenting the way out of this mess is the best option we got for
Debian Squeeze.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anyway, back to the task at hand, testing upgrades.  This test
script, which I call &lt;tt&gt;upgrade-test&lt;/tt&gt; for now, is doing the
trick:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
#!/bin/sh
set -ex

if [ &quot;$1&quot; ] ; then
    desktop=$1
else
    desktop=gnome
fi

from=lenny
to=squeeze

exec &amp;lt; /dev/null
unset LANG
mirror=http://ftp.skolelinux.org/debian
tmpdir=chroot-$from-upgrade-$to-$desktop
fuser -mv .
debootstrap $from $tmpdir $mirror
chroot $tmpdir aptitude update
cat &gt; $tmpdir/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d &amp;lt;&amp;lt;EOF
#!/bin/sh
exit 101
EOF
chmod a+rx $tmpdir/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d
exit_cleanup() {
    umount $tmpdir/proc
}
mount -t proc proc $tmpdir/proc
# Make sure proc is unmounted also on failure
trap exit_cleanup EXIT INT

chroot $tmpdir aptitude -y install debconf-utils

# Make sure tasksel autoselection trigger.  It need the test scripts
# to return the correct answers.
echo tasksel tasksel/desktop multiselect $desktop | \
    chroot $tmpdir debconf-set-selections

# Include the desktop and laptop task
for test in desktop laptop ; do
    echo &gt; $tmpdir/usr/lib/tasksel/tests/$test &amp;lt;&amp;lt;EOF
#!/bin/sh
exit 2
EOF
    chmod a+rx $tmpdir/usr/lib/tasksel/tests/$test
done

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
DEBIAN_PRIORITY=critical
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND DEBIAN_PRIORITY
chroot $tmpdir tasksel --new-install

echo deb $mirror $to main &gt; $tmpdir/etc/apt/sources.list
chroot $tmpdir aptitude update
touch $tmpdir/etc/udev/kernel-upgrade
chroot $tmpdir aptitude -y dist-upgrade
fuser -mv
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I suspect it would be useful to test upgrades with both apt-get and
with aptitude, but I have not had time to look at how they behave
differently so far.  I hope to get a cron job running to do the test
regularly and post the result on the web.  The Gnome upgrade currently
work, while the KDE upgrade fail because of the bug in
kdebase-workspace-data&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I am not quite sure what kind of extract from the huge upgrade logs
(KDE 167 KiB, Gnome 516 KiB) it make sense to include in this blog
post, so I will refrain from trying.  I can report that for Gnome,
aptitude report 760 packages upgraded, 448 newly installed, 129 to
remove and 1 not upgraded and 1024MB need to be downloaded while for
KDE the same numbers are 702 packages upgraded, 507 newly installed,
193 to remove and 0 not upgraded and 1117MB need to be downloaded&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I am very happy to notice that the Gnome desktop + laptop upgrade
is able to migrate to dependency based boot sequencing and parallel
booting without a hitch.  Was unsure if there were still bugs with
packages failing to clean up their obsolete init.d script during
upgrades, and no such problem seem to affect the Gnome desktop+laptop
packages.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Lenny-&gt;Squeeze upgrades, removals by apt and aptitude</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades__removals_by_apt_and_aptitude.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades__removals_by_apt_and_aptitude.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 13 Jun 2010 09:05:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;My
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_upgrade_testing_from_Lenny_to_Squeeze.html&quot;&gt;testing
of Debian upgrades&lt;/a&gt; from Lenny to Squeeze continues, and I&#39;ve
finally made the upgrade logs available from
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/debian-upgrade-testing/&quot;&gt;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/debian-upgrade-testing/&lt;/a&gt;.
I am now testing dist-upgrade of Gnome and KDE in a chroot using both
apt and aptitude, and found their differences interesting.  This time
I will only focus on their removal plans.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After installing a Gnome desktop and the laptop task, apt-get wants
to remove 72 packages when dist-upgrading from Lenny to Squeeze.  The
surprising part is that it want to remove xorg and all
xserver-xorg-video* drivers.  Clearly not a good choice, but I am not
sure why.  When asking aptitude to do the same, it want to remove 129
packages, but most of them are library packages I suspect are no
longer needed.  Both of them want to remove bluetooth packages, which
I do not know.  Perhaps these bluetooth packages are obsolete?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For KDE, apt-get want to remove 82 packages, among them kdebase
which seem like a bad idea and xorg the same way as with Gnome. Asking
aptitude for the same, it wants to remove 192 packages, none which are
too surprising.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I guess the removal of xorg during upgrades should be investigated
and avoided, and perhaps others as well.  Here are the complete list
of planned removals.  The complete logs is available from the URL
above.  Note if you want to repeat these tests, that the upgrade test
for kde+apt-get hung in the tasksel setup because of dpkg asking
conffile questions.  No idea why.  I worked around it by using
&#39;&lt;tt&gt;echo &gt;&gt; /proc/&lt;em&gt;pidofdpkg&lt;/em&gt;/fd/0&lt;/tt&gt;&#39; to tell dpkg to
continue.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;apt-get gnome 72&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;br&gt;bluez-gnome cupsddk-drivers deskbar-applet gnome
  gnome-desktop-environment gnome-network-admin gtkhtml3.14
  iceweasel-gnome-support libavcodec51 libdatrie0 libgdl-1-0
  libgnomekbd2 libgnomekbdui2 libmetacity0 libslab0 libxcb-xlib0
  nautilus-cd-burner python-gnome2-desktop python-gnome2-extras
  serpentine swfdec-mozilla update-manager xorg xserver-xorg
  xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-evdev
  xserver-xorg-input-kbd xserver-xorg-input-mouse
  xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-wacom
  xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-apm xserver-xorg-video-ark
  xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-chips
  xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-cyrix
  xserver-xorg-video-dummy xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
  xserver-xorg-video-glint xserver-xorg-video-i128
  xserver-xorg-video-i740 xserver-xorg-video-imstt
  xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-mach64
  xserver-xorg-video-mga xserver-xorg-video-neomagic
  xserver-xorg-video-nsc xserver-xorg-video-nv
  xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-r128
  xserver-xorg-video-radeon xserver-xorg-video-radeonhd
  xserver-xorg-video-rendition xserver-xorg-video-s3
  xserver-xorg-video-s3virge xserver-xorg-video-savage
  xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion xserver-xorg-video-sis
  xserver-xorg-video-sisusb xserver-xorg-video-tdfx
  xserver-xorg-video-tga xserver-xorg-video-trident
  xserver-xorg-video-tseng xserver-xorg-video-v4l
  xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vga
  xserver-xorg-video-vmware xserver-xorg-video-voodoo xulrunner-1.9
  xulrunner-1.9-gnome-support&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;aptitude gnome 129&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;br&gt;bluez-gnome bluez-utils cpp-4.3 cupsddk-drivers dhcdbd
  djvulibre-desktop finger gnome-app-install gnome-mount
  gnome-network-admin gnome-spell gnome-vfs-obexftp
  gnome-volume-manager gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs gtkhtml3.14 libao2
  libavahi-compat-libdnssd1 libavahi-core5 libavcodec51 libbluetooth2
  libcamel1.2-11 libcdio7 libcucul0 libcupsys2 libcurl3 libdatrie0
  libdirectfb-1.0-0 libdvdread3 libedataserver1.2-9 libeel2-2.20
  libeel2-data libepc-1.0-1 libepc-ui-1.0-1 libfaad0 libgail-common
  libgd2-noxpm libgda3-3 libgda3-common libgdl-1-0 libgdl-1-common
  libggz2 libggzcore9 libggzmod4 libgksu1.2-0 libgksuui1.0-1 libgmyth0
  libgnomecups1.0-1 libgnomekbd2 libgnomekbdui2 libgnomeprint2.2-0
  libgnomeprint2.2-data libgnomeprintui2.2-0 libgnomeprintui2.2-common
  libgnomevfs2-bin libgpod3 libgraphviz4 libgtkhtml2-0
  libgtksourceview-common libgtksourceview1.0-0 libgucharmap6
  libhesiod0 libicu38 libiw29 libkpathsea4 libltdl3 libmagick++10
  libmagick10 libmalaga7 libmetacity0 libmtp7 libmysqlclient15off
  libnautilus-burn4 libneon27 libnm-glib0 libnm-util0 libopal-2.2
  libosp5 libparted1.8-10 libpoppler-glib3 libpoppler3 libpt-1.10.10
  libpt-1.10.10-plugins-alsa libpt-1.10.10-plugins-v4l libraw1394-8
  libsensors3 libslab0 libsmbios2 libsoup2.2-8 libssh2-1
  libsuitesparse-3.1.0 libswfdec-0.6-90 libtalloc1 libtotem-plparser10
  libtrackerclient0 libxalan2-java libxalan2-java-gcj libxcb-xlib0
  libxerces2-java libxerces2-java-gcj libxklavier12 libxtrap6
  libxxf86misc1 libzephyr3 mysql-common nautilus-cd-burner
  openoffice.org-writer2latex openssl-blacklist p7zip
  python-4suite-xml python-eggtrayicon python-gnome2-desktop
  python-gnome2-extras python-gtkhtml2 python-gtkmozembed
  python-numeric python-sexy serpentine svgalibg1 swfdec-gnome
  swfdec-mozilla totem-gstreamer update-manager wodim
  xserver-xorg-video-cyrix xserver-xorg-video-imstt
  xserver-xorg-video-nsc xserver-xorg-video-v4l xserver-xorg-video-vga
  zip&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;apt-get kde 82&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;br&gt;cupsddk-drivers karm kaudiocreator kcoloredit kcontrol kde kde-core
  kdeaddons kdeartwork kdebase kdebase-bin kdebase-bin-kde3
  kdebase-kio-plugins kdesktop kdeutils khelpcenter kicker
  kicker-applets knewsticker kolourpaint konq-plugins konqueror korn
  kpersonalizer kscreensaver ksplash libavcodec51 libdatrie0 libkiten1
  libxcb-xlib0 quanta superkaramba texlive-base-bin xorg xserver-xorg
  xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-evdev
  xserver-xorg-input-kbd xserver-xorg-input-mouse
  xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-wacom
  xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-apm xserver-xorg-video-ark
  xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-chips
  xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-cyrix
  xserver-xorg-video-dummy xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
  xserver-xorg-video-glint xserver-xorg-video-i128
  xserver-xorg-video-i740 xserver-xorg-video-imstt
  xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-mach64
  xserver-xorg-video-mga xserver-xorg-video-neomagic
  xserver-xorg-video-nsc xserver-xorg-video-nv
  xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-r128
  xserver-xorg-video-radeon xserver-xorg-video-radeonhd
  xserver-xorg-video-rendition xserver-xorg-video-s3
  xserver-xorg-video-s3virge xserver-xorg-video-savage
  xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion xserver-xorg-video-sis
  xserver-xorg-video-sisusb xserver-xorg-video-tdfx
  xserver-xorg-video-tga xserver-xorg-video-trident
  xserver-xorg-video-tseng xserver-xorg-video-v4l
  xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vga
  xserver-xorg-video-vmware xserver-xorg-video-voodoo xulrunner-1.9&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;aptitude kde 192&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;br&gt;bluez-utils cpp-4.3 cupsddk-drivers cvs dcoprss dhcdbd
  djvulibre-desktop dosfstools eyesapplet fifteenapplet finger gettext
  ghostscript-x imlib-base imlib11 indi kandy karm kasteroids
  kaudiocreator kbackgammon kbstate kcoloredit kcontrol kcron kdat
  kdeadmin-kfile-plugins kdeartwork-misc kdeartwork-theme-window
  kdebase-bin-kde3 kdebase-kio-plugins kdeedu-data
  kdegraphics-kfile-plugins kdelirc kdemultimedia-kappfinder-data
  kdemultimedia-kfile-plugins kdenetwork-kfile-plugins
  kdepim-kfile-plugins kdepim-kio-plugins kdeprint kdesktop kdessh
  kdict kdnssd kdvi kedit keduca kenolaba kfax kfaxview kfouleggs
  kghostview khelpcenter khexedit kiconedit kitchensync klatin
  klickety kmailcvt kmenuedit kmid kmilo kmoon kmrml kodo kolourpaint
  kooka korn kpager kpdf kpercentage kpf kpilot kpoker kpovmodeler
  krec kregexpeditor ksayit ksim ksirc ksirtet ksmiletris ksmserver
  ksnake ksokoban ksplash ksvg ksysv ktip ktnef kuickshow kverbos
  kview kviewshell kvoctrain kwifimanager kwin kwin4 kworldclock
  kxsldbg libakode2 libao2 libarts1-akode libarts1-audiofile
  libarts1-mpeglib libarts1-xine libavahi-compat-libdnssd1
  libavahi-core5 libavc1394-0 libavcodec51 libbluetooth2
  libboost-python1.34.1 libcucul0 libcurl3 libcvsservice0 libdatrie0
  libdirectfb-1.0-0 libdjvulibre21 libdvdread3 libfaad0 libfreebob0
  libgail-common libgd2-noxpm libgraphviz4 libgsmme1c2a libgtkhtml2-0
  libicu38 libiec61883-0 libindex0 libiw29 libk3b3 libkcal2b libkcddb1
  libkdeedu3 libkdepim1a libkgantt0 libkiten1 libkleopatra1 libkmime2
  libkpathsea4 libkpimexchange1 libkpimidentities1 libkscan1
  libksieve0 libktnef1 liblockdev1 libltdl3 libmagick10 libmimelib1c2a
  libmozjs1d libmpcdec3 libneon27 libnm-util0 libopensync0 libpisock9
  libpoppler-glib3 libpoppler-qt2 libpoppler3 libraw1394-8 libsmbios2
  libssh2-1 libsuitesparse-3.1.0 libtalloc1 libtiff-tools
  libxalan2-java libxalan2-java-gcj libxcb-xlib0 libxerces2-java
  libxerces2-java-gcj libxtrap6 mpeglib networkstatus
  openoffice.org-writer2latex pmount poster psutils quanta quanta-data
  superkaramba svgalibg1 tex-common texlive-base texlive-base-bin
  texlive-common texlive-doc-base texlive-fonts-recommended
  xserver-xorg-video-cyrix xserver-xorg-video-imstt
  xserver-xorg-video-nsc xserver-xorg-video-v4l xserver-xorg-video-vga
  xulrunner-1.9&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Idea for a change to LDAP schemas allowing DNS and DHCP info to be combined into one object</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Idea_for_a_change_to_LDAP_schemas_allowing_DNS_and_DHCP_info_to_be_combined_into_one_object.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Idea_for_a_change_to_LDAP_schemas_allowing_DNS_and_DHCP_info_to_be_combined_into_one_object.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 24 Jun 2010 00:35:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;A while back, I
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Time_for_new__LDAP_schemas_replacing_RFC_2307_.html&quot;&gt;complained
about the fact&lt;/a&gt; that it is not possible with the provided schemas
for storing DNS and DHCP information in LDAP to combine the two sets
of information into one LDAP object representing a computer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the mean time, I discovered that a simple fix would be to make
the dhcpHost object class auxiliary, to allow it to be combined with
the dNSDomain object class, and thus forming one object for one
computer when storing both DHCP and DNS information in LDAP.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If I understand this correctly, it is not safe to do this change
without also changing the assigned number for the object class, and I
do not know enough about LDAP schema design to do that properly for
Debian Edu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anyway, for future reference, this is how I believe we could change
the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dhc-ldap-schema-00&quot;&gt;DHCP
schema&lt;/a&gt; to solve at least part of the problem with the LDAP schemas
available today from IETF.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
--- dhcp.schema    (revision 65192)
+++ dhcp.schema    (working copy)
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@
 objectclass ( 2.16.840.1.113719.1.203.6.6
        NAME &#39;dhcpHost&#39;
        DESC &#39;This represents information about a particular client&#39;
-       SUP top
+       SUP top AUXILIARY
        MUST cn
        MAY  (dhcpLeaseDN $ dhcpHWAddress $ dhcpOptionsDN $ dhcpStatements $ dhcpComments $ dhcpOption)
        X-NDS_CONTAINMENT (&#39;dhcpService&#39; &#39;dhcpSubnet&#39; &#39;dhcpGroup&#39;) )
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I very much welcome clues on how to do this properly for Debian
Edu/Squeeze.  We provide the DHCP schema in our debian-edu-config
package, and should thus be free to rewrite it as we see fit.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu,
please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>LUMA, a very nice LDAP GUI</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/LUMA__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/LUMA__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jun 2010 00:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;The last few days I have been looking into the status of the LDAP
directory in Debian Edu, and in the process I started to miss a GUI
tool to browse the LDAP tree.  The only one I was able to find in
Debian/Squeeze and Lenny is
&lt;a href=&quot;http://luma.sourceforge.net/&quot;&gt;LUMA&lt;/a&gt;, which has proved to
be a great tool to get a overview of the current LDAP directory
populated by default in Skolelinux.  Thanks to it, I have been able to
find empty and obsolete subtrees, misplaced objects and duplicate
objects.  It will be installed by default in Debian/Squeeze.  If you
are working with LDAP, give it a go. :)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I did notice one problem with it I have not had time to report to
the BTS yet.  There is no .desktop file in the package, so the tool do
not show up in the Gnome and KDE menus, but only deep down in in the
Debian submenu in KDE.  I hope that can be fixed before Squeeze is
released.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I have not yet been able to get it to modify the tree yet.  I would
like to move objects and remove subtrees directly in the GUI, but have
not found a way to do that with LUMA yet.  So in the mean time, I use
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lichteblau.com/ldapvi/&quot;&gt;ldapvi&lt;/a&gt; for that.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have tips on other GUI tools for LDAP that might be useful
in Debian Edu, please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update 2010-06-29: Ross Reedstrom tipped us about the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/gq.html&quot;&gt;gq&lt;/a&gt; package as a
useful GUI alternative.  It seem like a good tool, but is unmaintained
in Debian and got a RC bug keeping it out of Squeeze.  Unless that
changes, it will not be an option for Debian Edu based on Squeeze.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Caching password, user and group on a roaming Debian laptop</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Caching_password__user_and_group_on_a_roaming_Debian_laptop.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Caching_password__user_and_group_on_a_roaming_Debian_laptop.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 1 Jul 2010 11:40:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;For a laptop, centralized user directories and password checking is
a bit troubling.  Laptops are typically used also when not connected
to the network, and it is vital for a user to be able to log in or
unlock the screen saver also when a central server is unavailable.
This is possible by caching passwords and directory information (user
and group attributes) locally, and the packages to do so are available
in Debian.  Here follow two recipes to set this up in Debian/Squeeze.
It is also possible to set up in Debian/Lenny, but require more manual
setup there because pam-auth-update is missing in Lenny.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;LDAP/Kerberos + nscd + libpam-ccreds + libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir&lt;/h2&gt;

This is the traditional method with a twist.  The password caching is
provided by libpam-ccreds (version 10-4 or later is needed on
Squeeze), and the directory caching is done by nscd.  The directory
lookup and password checking is done using LDAP.  If one want to use
Kerberos for password checking the libpam-ldapd package can be
replaced with libpam-krb5 or libpam-heimdal.  If one is happy having a
local home directory with the path listed in LDAP, one can use the
pam_mkhomedir module from pam-modules to make this happen instead of
using libpam-mklocaluser.  A setup for pam-auth-update to enable
pam_mkhomedir will have to be written until a fix for
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/568577&quot;&gt;bug #568577&lt;/a&gt; is in the
archive.  Because I believe it is a bad idea to have local home
directories using misleading paths like /site/server/partition/, I
prefer to create a local user with the home directory in /home/.  This
is done using the libpam-mklocaluser package.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These packages need to be installed and configured&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
libnss-ldapd libpam-ldapd nscd libpam-ccreds libpam-mklocaluser
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The ldapd packages will ask for LDAP connection information, and
one have to fill in the values that fits ones own site.  Make sure the
PAM part uses encrypted connections, to make sure the password is not
sent in clear text to the LDAP server.  I&#39;ve been unable to get TLS
certificate checking for a self signed certificate working, which make
LDAP authentication unsafe for Debian Edu (nslcd is not checking if it
is talking to the correct LDAP server), and very much welcome feedback
on how to get this working.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Because nscd do not have a default configuration fit for offline
caching until &lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/485282&quot;&gt;bug #485282&lt;/a&gt;
is fixed, this configuration should be used instead of the one
currently in /etc/nscd.conf.  The changes are in the fields
reload-count and positive-time-to-live, and is based on the
instructions I found in the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.flyn.org/laptopldap/&quot;&gt;LDAP for Mobile Laptops&lt;/a&gt;
instructions by Flyn Computing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
        debug-level             0
        reload-count            unlimited
        paranoia                no

        enable-cache            passwd          yes
        positive-time-to-live   passwd          2592000
        negative-time-to-live   passwd          20
        suggested-size          passwd          211
        check-files             passwd          yes
        persistent              passwd          yes
        shared                  passwd          yes
        max-db-size             passwd          33554432
        auto-propagate          passwd          yes

        enable-cache            group           yes
        positive-time-to-live   group           2592000
        negative-time-to-live   group           20
        suggested-size          group           211
        check-files             group           yes
        persistent              group           yes
        shared                  group           yes
        max-db-size             group           33554432
        auto-propagate          group           yes

        enable-cache            hosts           no
        positive-time-to-live   hosts           2592000
        negative-time-to-live   hosts           20
        suggested-size          hosts           211
        check-files             hosts           yes
        persistent              hosts           yes
        shared                  hosts           yes
        max-db-size             hosts           33554432

        enable-cache            services        yes
        positive-time-to-live   services        2592000
        negative-time-to-live   services        20
        suggested-size          services        211
        check-files             services        yes
        persistent              services        yes
        shared                  services        yes
        max-db-size             services        33554432
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;While we wait for a mechanism to update /etc/nsswitch.conf
automatically like the one provided in
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/496915&quot;&gt;bug #496915&lt;/a&gt;, the file
content need to be manually replaced to ensure LDAP is used as the
directory service on the machine.  /etc/nsswitch.conf should normally
look like this:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
passwd:         files ldap
group:          files ldap
shadow:         files ldap
hosts:          files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4
networks:       files
protocols:      files
services:       files
ethers:         files
rpc:            files
netgroup:       files ldap
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The important parts are that ldap is listed last for passwd, group,
shadow and netgroup.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With these changes in place, any user in LDAP will be able to log
in locally on the machine using for example kdm, get a local home
directory created and have the password as well as user and group
attributes cached.

&lt;h2&gt;LDAP/Kerberos + nss-updatedb + libpam-ccreds +
  libpam-mklocaluser/pam_mkhomedir&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Because nscd have had its share of problems, and seem to have
problems doing proper caching, I&#39;ve seen suggestions and recipes to
use nss-updatedb to copy parts of the LDAP database locally when the
LDAP database is available.  I have not tested such setup, because I
discovered sssd.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;LDAP/Kerberos + sssd + libpam-mklocaluser&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A more flexible and robust setup than the nscd combination
mentioned earlier that has shown up recently, is the
&lt;a href=&quot;https://fedorahosted.org/sssd/&quot;&gt;sssd&lt;/a&gt; package from Redhat.
It is part of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.freeipa.org/&quot;&gt;FreeIPA&lt;/A&gt; project
to provide a Active Directory like directory service for Linux
machines.  The sssd system combines the caching of passwords and user
information into one package, and remove the need for nscd and
libpam-ccreds.  It support LDAP and Kerberos, but not NIS.  Version
1.2 do not support netgroups, but it is said that it will support this
in version 1.5 expected to show up later in 2010.  Because the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sssd.html&quot;&gt;sssd package&lt;/a&gt;
was missing in Debian, I ended up co-maintaining it with Werner, and
version 1.2 is now in testing.

&lt;p&gt;These packages need to be installed and configured to get the
roaming setup I want&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
libpam-sss libnss-sss libpam-mklocaluser
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The complete setup of sssd is done by editing/creating
&lt;tt&gt;/etc/sssd/sssd.conf&lt;/tt&gt;.

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
[sssd]
config_file_version = 2
reconnection_retries = 3
sbus_timeout = 30
services = nss, pam
domains = INTERN

[nss]
filter_groups = root
filter_users = root
reconnection_retries = 3

[pam]
reconnection_retries = 3

[domain/INTERN]
enumerate = false
cache_credentials = true

id_provider = ldap
auth_provider = ldap
chpass_provider = ldap

ldap_uri = ldap://ldap
ldap_search_base = dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
ldap_tls_reqcert = never
ldap_tls_cacert = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I got the same problem here with certificate checking.  Had to set
&quot;ldap_tls_reqcert = never&quot; to get it working.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With the libnss-sss package in testing at the moment, the
nsswitch.conf file is update automatically, so there is no need to
modify it manually.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu,
please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Lenny-&gt;Squeeze upgrades, apt vs aptitude with the Gnome desktop</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades__apt_vs_aptitude_with_the_Gnome_desktop.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades__apt_vs_aptitude_with_the_Gnome_desktop.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 3 Jul 2010 23:55:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Here is a short update on my &lt;a
href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/~pere/debian-upgrade-testing/&quot;&gt;my
Debian Lenny-&gt;Squeeze upgrade testing&lt;/a&gt;.  Here is a summary of the
difference for Gnome when it is upgraded by apt-get and aptitude.  I&#39;m
not reporting the status for KDE, because the upgrade crashes when
aptitude try because of missing conflicts
(&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/584861&quot;&gt;#584861&lt;/a&gt; and
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/585716&quot;&gt;#585716&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At the end of the upgrade test script, dpkg -l is executed to get a
complete list of the installed packages.  Based on this I see these
differences when I did a test run today.  As usual, I do not really
know what the correct set of packages would be, but thought it best to
publish the difference.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using apt-get, missing with aptitude&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  at-spi cpp-4.3 finger gnome-spell gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs
  libatspi1.0-0 libcupsys2 libeel2-data libgail-common libgdl-1-common
  libgnomeprint2.2-data libgnomeprintui2.2-common libgnomevfs2-bin
  libgtksourceview-common libpt-1.10.10-plugins-alsa
  libpt-1.10.10-plugins-v4l libservlet2.4-java libxalan2-java
  libxerces2-java openoffice.org-writer2latex openssl-blacklist p7zip
  python-4suite-xml python-eggtrayicon python-gtkhtml2
  python-gtkmozembed svgalibg1 xserver-xephyr zip
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using apt-get, removed with aptitude&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  bluez-utils dhcdbd djvulibre-desktop epiphany-gecko
  gnome-app-install gnome-mount gnome-vfs-obexftp gnome-volume-manager
  libao2 libavahi-compat-libdnssd1 libavahi-core5 libbind9-50
  libbluetooth2 libcamel1.2-11 libcdio7 libcucul0 libcurl3
  libdirectfb-1.0-0 libdvdread3 libedata-cal1.2-6 libedataserver1.2-9
  libeel2-2.20 libepc-1.0-1 libepc-ui-1.0-1 libexchange-storage1.2-3
  libfaad0 libgd2-noxpm libgda3-3 libgda3-common libggz2 libggzcore9
  libggzmod4 libgksu1.2-0 libgksuui1.0-1 libgmyth0 libgnome-desktop-2
  libgnome-pilot2 libgnomecups1.0-1 libgnomeprint2.2-0
  libgnomeprintui2.2-0 libgpod3 libgraphviz4 libgtkhtml2-0
  libgtksourceview1.0-0 libgucharmap6 libhesiod0 libicu38 libisccc50
  libisccfg50 libiw29 libkpathsea4 libltdl3 liblwres50 libmagick++10
  libmagick10 libmalaga7 libmtp7 libmysqlclient15off libnautilus-burn4
  libneon27 libnm-glib0 libnm-util0 libopal-2.2 libosp5
  libparted1.8-10 libpisock9 libpisync1 libpoppler-glib3 libpoppler3
  libpt-1.10.10 libraw1394-8 libsensors3 libsmbios2 libsoup2.2-8
  libssh2-1 libsuitesparse-3.1.0 libswfdec-0.6-90 libtalloc1
  libtotem-plparser10 libtrackerclient0 libvoikko1 libxalan2-java-gcj
  libxerces2-java-gcj libxklavier12 libxtrap6 libxxf86misc1 libzephyr3
  mysql-common swfdec-gnome totem-gstreamer wodim
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using aptitude, missing with apt-get&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  gnome gnome-desktop-environment hamster-applet python-gnomeapplet
  python-gnomekeyring python-wnck rhythmbox-plugins xorg
  xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-evdev
  xserver-xorg-input-kbd xserver-xorg-input-mouse
  xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-video-all
  xserver-xorg-video-apm xserver-xorg-video-ark xserver-xorg-video-ati
  xserver-xorg-video-chips xserver-xorg-video-cirrus
  xserver-xorg-video-dummy xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
  xserver-xorg-video-glint xserver-xorg-video-i128
  xserver-xorg-video-i740 xserver-xorg-video-mach64
  xserver-xorg-video-mga xserver-xorg-video-neomagic
  xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xserver-xorg-video-nv
  xserver-xorg-video-r128 xserver-xorg-video-radeon
  xserver-xorg-video-radeonhd xserver-xorg-video-rendition
  xserver-xorg-video-s3 xserver-xorg-video-s3virge
  xserver-xorg-video-savage xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion
  xserver-xorg-video-sis xserver-xorg-video-sisusb
  xserver-xorg-video-tdfx xserver-xorg-video-tga
  xserver-xorg-video-trident xserver-xorg-video-tseng
  xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vmware
  xserver-xorg-video-voodoo
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using aptitude, removed with apt-get&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  deskbar-applet xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core
  xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-video-intel
  xserver-xorg-video-openchrome
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I was told on IRC that the xorg-xserver package was
&lt;a href=&quot;http://git.debian.org/?p=pkg-xorg/xserver/xorg-server.git;a=commit;h=9c8080d06c457932d3bfec021c69ac000aa60120&quot;&gt;changed
in git&lt;/a&gt; today to try to get apt-get to not remove xorg completely.
No idea when it hits Squeeze, but when it does I hope it will reduce
the difference somewhat.
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>jXplorer, a very nice LDAP GUI</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/jXplorer__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/jXplorer__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Fri, 9 Jul 2010 12:55:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Since
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/LUMA__a_very_nice_LDAP_GUI.html&quot;&gt;my
last post&lt;/a&gt; about available LDAP tools in Debian, I was told about a
LDAP GUI that is even better than luma.  The java application
&lt;a href=&quot;http://jxplorer.org/&quot;&gt;jXplorer&lt;/a&gt; is claimed to be capable of
moving LDAP objects and subtrees using drag-and-drop, and can
authenticate using Kerberos.  I have only tested the Kerberos
authentication, but do not have a LDAP setup allowing me to rewrite
LDAP with my test user yet.  It is
&lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/j/jxplorer.html&quot;&gt;available in
Debian&lt;/a&gt; testing and unstable at the moment.  The only problem I
have with it is how it handle errors.  If something go wrong, its
non-intuitive behaviour require me to go through some query work list
and remove the failing query.  Nothing big, but very annoying.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Idea for storing LTSP configuration in LDAP</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Idea_for_storing_LTSP_configuration_in_LDAP.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Idea_for_storing_LTSP_configuration_in_LDAP.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 11 Jul 2010 22:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Vagrant mentioned on IRC today that ltsp_config now support
sourcing files from /usr/share/ltsp/ltsp_config.d/ on the thin
clients, and that this can be used to fetch configuration from LDAP if
Debian Edu choose to store configuration there.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Armed with this information, I got inspired and wrote a test module
to get configuration from LDAP.  The idea is to look up the MAC
address of the client in LDAP, and look for attributes on the form
ltspconfigsetting=value, and use this to export SETTING=value to the
LTSP clients.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The goal is to be able to store the LTSP configuration attributes
in a &quot;computer&quot; LDAP object used by both DNS and DHCP, and thus
allowing us to store all information about a computer in one place.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is a untested draft implementation, and I welcome feedback on
this approach.  A real LDAP schema for the ltspClientAux objectclass
need to be written.  Comments, suggestions, etc?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
# Store in /opt/ltsp/$arch/usr/share/ltsp/ltsp_config.d/ldap-config
#
# Fetch LTSP client settings from LDAP based on MAC address
#
# Uses ethernet address as stored in the dhcpHost objectclass using
# the dhcpHWAddress attribute or ethernet address stored in the
# ieee802Device objectclass with the macAddress attribute.
#
# This module is written to be schema agnostic, and only depend on the
# existence of attribute names.
#
# The LTSP configuration variables are saved directly using a
# ltspConfig prefix and uppercasing the rest of the attribute name.
# To set the SERVER variable, set the ltspConfigServer attribute.
#
# Some LDAP schema should be created with all the relevant
# configuration settings.  Something like this should work:
# 
# objectclass ( 1.1.2.2 NAME &#39;ltspClientAux&#39;
#     SUP top
#     AUXILIARY
#     MAY ( ltspConfigServer $ ltsConfigSound $ ... )

LDAPSERVER=$(debian-edu-ldapserver)
if [ &quot;$LDAPSERVER&quot; ] ; then
    LDAPBASE=$(debian-edu-ldapserver -b)
    for MAC in $(LANG=C ifconfig |grep -i hwaddr| awk &#39;{print $5}&#39;|sort -u) ; do
        filter=&quot;(|(dhcpHWAddress=ethernet $MAC)(macAddress=$MAC))&quot;
        ldapsearch -h &quot;$LDAPSERVER&quot; -b &quot;$LDAPBASE&quot; -v -x &quot;$filter&quot; | \
            grep &#39;^ltspConfig&#39; | while read attr value ; do
            # Remove prefix and convert to upper case
            attr=$(echo $attr | sed &#39;s/^ltspConfig//i&#39; | tr a-z A-Z)
            # bass value on to clients
            eval &quot;$attr=$value; export $attr&quot;
        done
    done
fi
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I&#39;m not sure this shell construction will work, because I suspect
the while block might end up in a subshell causing the variables set
there to not show up in ltsp-config, but if that is the case I am sure
the code can be restructured to make sure the variables are passed on.
I expect that can be solved with some testing. :)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu,
please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update 2010-07-17: I am aware of another effort to store LTSP
configuration in LDAP that was created around year 2000 by
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pcxperience.com/thinclient/documentation/ldap.html&quot;&gt;PC
Xperience, Inc., 2000&lt;/a&gt;.  I found its
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.redhat.com/alikins/ltsp/ldap/&quot;&gt;files&lt;/a&gt; on a
personal home page over at redhat.com.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Combining PowerDNS and ISC DHCP LDAP objects</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Combining_PowerDNS_and_ISC_DHCP_LDAP_objects.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Combining_PowerDNS_and_ISC_DHCP_LDAP_objects.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jul 2010 23:45:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;For a while now, I have wanted to find a way to change the DNS and
DHCP services in Debian Edu to use the same LDAP objects for a given
computer, to avoid the possibility of having a inconsistent state for
a computer in LDAP (as in DHCP but no DNS entry or the other way
around) and make it easier to add computers to LDAP.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I&#39;ve looked at how powerdns and dhcpd is using LDAP, and using this
information finally found a solution that seem to work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The old setup required three LDAP objects for a given computer.
One forward DNS entry, one reverse DNS entry and one DHCP entry.  If
we switch powerdns to use its strict LDAP method (ldap-method=strict
in pdns-debian-edu.conf), the forward and reverse DNS entries are
merged into one while making it impossible to transfer the reverse map
to a slave DNS server.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If we also replace the object class used to get the DNS related
attributes to one allowing these attributes to be combined with the
dhcphost object class, we can merge the DNS and DHCP entries into one.
I&#39;ve written such object class in the dnsdomainaux.schema file (need
proper OIDs, but that is a minor issue), and tested the setup.  It
seem to work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With this test setup in place, we can get away with one LDAP object
for both DNS and DHCP, and even the LTSP configuration I suggested in
an earlier email.  The combined LDAP object will look something like
this:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
  dn: cn=hostname,cn=group1,cn=THINCLIENTS,cn=DHCP Config,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
  cn: hostname
  objectClass: dhcphost
  objectclass: domainrelatedobject
  objectclass: dnsdomainaux
  associateddomain: hostname.intern
  arecord: 10.11.12.13
  dhcphwaddress: ethernet 00:00:00:00:00:00
  dhcpstatements: fixed-address hostname
  ldapconfigsound: Y
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The DNS server uses the associateddomain and arecord entries, while
the DHCP server uses the dhcphwaddress and dhcpstatements entries
before asking DNS to resolve the fixed-adddress.  LTSP will use
dhcphwaddress or associateddomain and the ldapconfig* attributes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I am not yet sure if I can get the DHCP server to look for its
dhcphost in a different location, to allow us to put the objects
outside the &quot;DHCP Config&quot; subtree, but hope to figure out a way to do
that.  If I can&#39;t figure out a way to do that, we can still get rid of
the hosts subtree and move all its content into the DHCP Config tree
(which probably should be renamed to be more related to the new
content.  I suspect cn=dnsdhcp,ou=services or something like that
might be a good place to put it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu,
please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>What are they searching for - PowerDNS and ISC DHCP in LDAP</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_are_they_searching_for___PowerDNS_and_ISC_DHCP_in_LDAP.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_are_they_searching_for___PowerDNS_and_ISC_DHCP_in_LDAP.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 17 Jul 2010 21:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;This is a
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Time_for_new__LDAP_schemas_replacing_RFC_2307_.html&quot;&gt;followup&lt;/a&gt;
on my
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Idea_for_a_change_to_LDAP_schemas_allowing_DNS_and_DHCP_info_to_be_combined_into_one_object.html&quot;&gt;previous
work&lt;/a&gt; on
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Combining_PowerDNS_and_ISC_DHCP_LDAP_objects.html&quot;&gt;merging
all&lt;/a&gt; the computer related LDAP objects in Debian Edu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As a step to try to see if it possible to merge the DNS and DHCP
LDAP objects, I have had a look at how the packages pdns-backend-ldap
and dhcp3-server-ldap in Debian use the LDAP server.  The two
implementations are quite different in how they use LDAP.&lt;/p&gt;

To get this information, I started slapd with debugging enabled and
dumped the debug output to a file to get the LDAP searches performed
on a Debian Edu main-server.  Here is a summary.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;powerdns&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.linuxnetworks.de/doc/index.php/PowerDNS_LDAP_Backend&quot;&gt;Clues
on how to&lt;/a&gt; set up PowerDNS to use a LDAP backend is available on
the web.

&lt;p&gt;PowerDNS have two modes of operation using LDAP as its backend.
One &quot;strict&quot; mode where the forward and reverse DNS lookups are done
using the same LDAP objects, and a &quot;tree&quot; mode where the forward and
reverse entries are in two different subtrees in LDAP with a structure
based on the DNS names, as in tjener.intern and
2.2.0.10.in-addr.arpa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In tree mode, the server is set up to use a LDAP subtree as its
base, and uses a &quot;base&quot; scoped search for the DNS name by adding
&quot;dc=tjener,dc=intern,&quot; to the base with a filter for
&quot;(associateddomain=tjener.intern)&quot; for the forward entry and
&quot;dc=2,dc=2,dc=0,dc=10,dc=in-addr,dc=arpa,&quot; with a filter for
&quot;(associateddomain=2.2.0.10.in-addr.arpa)&quot; for the reverse entry.  For
forward entries, it is looking for attributes named dnsttl, arecord,
nsrecord, cnamerecord, soarecord, ptrrecord, hinforecord, mxrecord,
txtrecord, rprecord, afsdbrecord, keyrecord, aaaarecord, locrecord,
srvrecord, naptrrecord, kxrecord, certrecord, dsrecord, sshfprecord,
ipseckeyrecord, rrsigrecord, nsecrecord, dnskeyrecord, dhcidrecord,
spfrecord and modifytimestamp.  For reverse entries it is looking for
the attributes dnsttl, arecord, nsrecord, cnamerecord, soarecord,
ptrrecord, hinforecord, mxrecord, txtrecord, rprecord, aaaarecord,
locrecord, srvrecord, naptrrecord and modifytimestamp.  The equivalent
ldapsearch commands could look like this:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
ldapsearch -h ldap \
  -b dc=tjener,dc=intern,ou=hosts,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no \
  -s base -x &#39;(associateddomain=tjener.intern)&#39; dNSTTL aRecord nSRecord \
  cNAMERecord sOARecord pTRRecord hInfoRecord mXRecord tXTRecord \
  rPRecord aFSDBRecord KeyRecord aAAARecord lOCRecord sRVRecord \
  nAPTRRecord kXRecord certRecord dSRecord sSHFPRecord iPSecKeyRecord \
  rRSIGRecord nSECRecord dNSKeyRecord dHCIDRecord sPFRecord modifyTimestamp

ldapsearch -h ldap \
  -b dc=2,dc=2,dc=0,dc=10,dc=in-addr,dc=arpa,ou=hosts,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no \
  -s base -x &#39;(associateddomain=2.2.0.10.in-addr.arpa)&#39;
  dnsttl, arecord, nsrecord, cnamerecord soarecord ptrrecord \
  hinforecord mxrecord txtrecord rprecord aaaarecord locrecord \
  srvrecord naptrrecord modifytimestamp
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In Debian Edu/Lenny, the PowerDNS tree mode is used with
ou=hosts,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no as the base, and these are two
example LDAP objects used there.  In addition to these objects, the
parent objects all th way up to ou=hosts,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
also exist.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
dn: dc=tjener,dc=intern,ou=hosts,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
objectclass: top
objectclass: dnsdomain
objectclass: domainrelatedobject
dc: tjener
arecord: 10.0.2.2
associateddomain: tjener.intern

dn: dc=2,dc=2,dc=0,dc=10,dc=in-addr,dc=arpa,ou=hosts,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
objectclass: top
objectclass: dnsdomain2
objectclass: domainrelatedobject
dc: 2
ptrrecord: tjener.intern
associateddomain: 2.2.0.10.in-addr.arpa
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In strict mode, the server behaves differently.  When looking for
forward DNS entries, it is doing a &quot;subtree&quot; scoped search with the
same base as in the tree mode for a object with filter
&quot;(associateddomain=tjener.intern)&quot; and requests the attributes dnsttl,
arecord, nsrecord, cnamerecord, soarecord, ptrrecord, hinforecord,
mxrecord, txtrecord, rprecord, aaaarecord, locrecord, srvrecord,
naptrrecord and modifytimestamp.  For reverse entires it also do a
subtree scoped search but this time the filter is &quot;(arecord=10.0.2.2)&quot;
and the requested attributes are associateddomain, dnsttl and
modifytimestamp.  In short, in strict mode the objects with ptrrecord
go away, and the arecord attribute in the forward object is used
instead.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The forward and reverse searches can be simulated using ldapsearch
like this:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
ldapsearch -h ldap -b ou=hosts,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no -s sub -x \
  &#39;(associateddomain=tjener.intern)&#39; dNSTTL aRecord nSRecord \
  cNAMERecord sOARecord pTRRecord hInfoRecord mXRecord tXTRecord \
  rPRecord aFSDBRecord KeyRecord aAAARecord lOCRecord sRVRecord \
  nAPTRRecord kXRecord certRecord dSRecord sSHFPRecord iPSecKeyRecord \
  rRSIGRecord nSECRecord dNSKeyRecord dHCIDRecord sPFRecord modifyTimestamp

ldapsearch -h ldap -b ou=hosts,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no -s sub -x \
  &#39;(arecord=10.0.2.2)&#39; associateddomain dnsttl modifytimestamp
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In addition to the forward and reverse searches , there is also a
search for SOA records, which behave similar to the forward and
reverse lookups.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A thing to note with the PowerDNS behaviour is that it do not
specify any objectclass names, and instead look for the attributes it
need to generate a DNS reply.  This make it able to work with any
objectclass that provide the needed attributes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The attributes are normally provided in the cosine (RFC 1274) and
dnsdomain2 schemas.  The latter is used for reverse entries like
ptrrecord and recent DNS additions like aaaarecord and srvrecord.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In Debian Edu, we have created DNS objects using the object classes
dcobject (for dc), dnsdomain or dnsdomain2 (structural, for the DNS
attributes) and domainrelatedobject (for associatedDomain).  The use
of structural object classes make it impossible to combine these
classes with the object classes used by DHCP.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are other schemas that could be used too, for example the
dnszone structural object class used by Gosa and bind-sdb for the DNS
attributes combined with the domainrelatedobject object class, but in
this case some unused attributes would have to be included as well
(zonename and relativedomainname).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My proposal for Debian Edu would be to switch PowerDNS to strict
mode and not use any of the existing objectclasses (dnsdomain,
dnsdomain2 and dnszone) when one want to combine the DNS information
with DHCP information, and instead create a auxiliary object class
defined something like this (using the attributes defined for
dnsdomain and dnsdomain2 or dnszone):&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
objectclass ( some-oid NAME &#39;dnsDomainAux&#39;
    SUP top
    AUXILIARY
    MAY ( ARecord $ MDRecord $ MXRecord $ NSRecord $ SOARecord $ CNAMERecord $
          DNSTTL $ DNSClass $ PTRRecord $ HINFORecord $ MINFORecord $
          TXTRecord $ SIGRecord $ KEYRecord $ AAAARecord $ LOCRecord $
          NXTRecord $ SRVRecord $ NAPTRRecord $ KXRecord $ CERTRecord $
          A6Record $ DNAMERecord
    ))
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This will allow any object to become a DNS entry when combined with
the domainrelatedobject object class, and allow any entity to include
all the attributes PowerDNS wants.  I&#39;ve sent an email to the PowerDNS
developers asking for their view on this schema and if they are
interested in providing such schema with PowerDNS, and I hope my
message will be accepted into their mailing list soon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ISC dhcp&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The DHCP server searches for specific objectclass and requests all
the object attributes, and then uses the attributes it want.  This
make it harder to figure out exactly what attributes are used, but
thanks to the working example in Debian Edu I can at least get an idea
what is needed without having to read the source code.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the DHCP server configuration, the LDAP base to use and the
search filter to use to locate the correct dhcpServer entity is
stored.  These are the relevant entries from
/etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
ldap-base-dn &quot;dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no&quot;;
ldap-dhcp-server-cn &quot;dhcp&quot;;
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The DHCP server uses this information to nest all the DHCP
configuration it need.  The cn &quot;dhcp&quot; is located using the given LDAP
base and the filter &quot;(&amp;(objectClass=dhcpServer)(cn=dhcp))&quot;.  The
search result is this entry:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
dn: cn=dhcp,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
cn: dhcp
objectClass: top
objectClass: dhcpServer
dhcpServiceDN: cn=DHCP Config,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The content of the dhcpServiceDN attribute is next used to locate the
subtree with DHCP configuration.  The DHCP configuration subtree base
is located using a base scope search with base &quot;cn=DHCP
Config,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no&quot; and filter
&quot;(&amp;(objectClass=dhcpService)(|(dhcpPrimaryDN=cn=dhcp,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no)(dhcpSecondaryDN=cn=dhcp,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no)))&quot;.
The search result is this entry:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
dn: cn=DHCP Config,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
cn: DHCP Config
objectClass: top
objectClass: dhcpService
objectClass: dhcpOptions
dhcpPrimaryDN: cn=dhcp, dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
dhcpStatements: ddns-update-style none
dhcpStatements: authoritative
dhcpOption: smtp-server code 69 = array of ip-address
dhcpOption: www-server code 72 = array of ip-address
dhcpOption: wpad-url code 252 = text
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Next, the entire subtree is processed, one level at the time.  When
all the DHCP configuration is loaded, it is ready to receive requests.
The subtree in Debian Edu contain objects with object classes
top/dhcpService/dhcpOptions, top/dhcpSharedNetwork/dhcpOptions,
top/dhcpSubnet, top/dhcpGroup and top/dhcpHost.  These provide options
and information about netmasks, dynamic range etc.  Leaving out the
details here because it is not relevant for the focus of my
investigation, which is to see if it is possible to merge dns and dhcp
related computer objects.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When a DHCP request come in, LDAP is searched for the MAC address
of the client (00:00:00:00:00:00 in this example), using a subtree
scoped search with &quot;cn=DHCP Config,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no&quot; as
the base and &quot;(&amp;(objectClass=dhcpHost)(dhcpHWAddress=ethernet
00:00:00:00:00:00))&quot; as the filter.  This is what a host object look
like:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
dn: cn=hostname,cn=group1,cn=THINCLIENTS,cn=DHCP Config,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
cn: hostname
objectClass: top
objectClass: dhcpHost
dhcpHWAddress: ethernet 00:00:00:00:00:00
dhcpStatements: fixed-address hostname
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is less flexiblity in the way LDAP searches are done here.
The object classes need to have fixed names, and the configuration
need to be stored in a fairly specific LDAP structure.  On the
positive side, the invidiual dhcpHost entires can be anywhere without
the DN pointed to by the dhcpServer entries.  The latter should make
it possible to group all host entries in a subtree next to the
configuration entries, and this subtree can also be shared with the
DNS server if the schema proposed above is combined with the dhcpHost
structural object class.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The PowerDNS implementation seem to be very flexible when it come
to which LDAP schemas to use.  While its &quot;tree&quot; mode is rigid when it
come to the the LDAP structure, the &quot;strict&quot; mode is very flexible,
allowing DNS objects to be stored anywhere under the base cn specified
in the configuration.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The DHCP implementation on the other hand is very inflexible, both
regarding which LDAP schemas to use and which LDAP structure to use.
I guess one could implement ones own schema, as long as the
objectclasses and attributes have the names used, but this do not
really help when the DHCP subtree need to have a fairly fixed
structure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Based on the observed behaviour, I suspect a LDAP structure like
this might work for Debian Edu:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
ou=services
  cn=machine-info (dhcpService) - dhcpServiceDN points here
    cn=dhcp (dhcpServer)
    cn=dhcp-internal (dhcpSharedNetwork/dhcpOptions)
      cn=10.0.2.0 (dhcpSubnet)
        cn=group1 (dhcpGroup/dhcpOptions)
    cn=dhcp-thinclients (dhcpSharedNetwork/dhcpOptions)
      cn=192.168.0.0 (dhcpSubnet)
        cn=group1 (dhcpGroup/dhcpOptions)
    ou=machines - PowerDNS base points here
      cn=hostname (dhcpHost/domainrelatedobject/dnsDomainAux)
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;P&gt;This is not tested yet.  If the DHCP server require the dhcpHost
entries to be in the dhcpGroup subtrees, the entries can be stored
there instead of a common machines subtree, and the PowerDNS base
would have to be moved one level up to the machine-info subtree.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The combined object under the machines subtree would look something
like this:&lt;/p&gt;
    
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
dn: dc=hostname,ou=machines,cn=machine-info,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
dc: hostname
objectClass: top
objectClass: dhcpHost
objectclass: domainrelatedobject
objectclass: dnsDomainAux
associateddomain: hostname.intern
arecord: 10.11.12.13
dhcpHWAddress: ethernet 00:00:00:00:00:00
dhcpStatements: fixed-address hostname.intern
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;/p&gt;One could even add the LTSP configuration associated with a given
machine, as long as the required attributes are available in a
auxiliary object class.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>One step closer to single signon in Debian Edu</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/One_step_closer_to_single_signon_in_Debian_Edu.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/One_step_closer_to_single_signon_in_Debian_Edu.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 25 Jul 2010 10:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;The last few months me and the other Debian Edu developers have
been working hard to get the Debian/Squeeze based version of Debian
Edu/Skolelinux into shape.  This future version will use Kerberos for
authentication, and services are slowly migrated to single signon,
getting rid of password questions one at the time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It will also feature a roaming workstation profile with local home
directory, for laptops that are only some times on the Skolelinux
network, and for this profile a shortcut is created in Gnome and KDE
to gain access to the users home directory on the file server.  This
shortcut uses SMB at the moment, and yesterday I had time to test if
SMB mounting had started working in KDE after we added the cifs-utils
package.  I was pleasantly surprised how well it worked.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thanks to the recent changes to our samba configuration to get it
to use Kerberos for authentication, there were no question about user
password when mounting the SMB volume.  A simple click on the shortcut
in the KDE menu, and a window with the home directory popped
up. :)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One step closer to a single signon solution out of the box in
Debian Edu.  We already had PAM, LDAP, IMAP and SMTP in place, and now
also Samba.  Next step is Cups and hopefully also NFS.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We had planned a alpha0 release of Debian Edu for today, but thanks
to the autobuilder administrators for some architectures being slow to
sign packages, we are still missing the fixed LTSP package we need for
the release.  It was uploaded three days ago with urgency=high, and if
it had entered testing yesterday we would have been able to test it in
time for a alpha0 release today.  As the binaries for ia64 and powerpc
still not uploaded to the Debian archive, we need to delay the alpha
release another day.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you want to help out with implementing Kerberos for Debian Edu,
please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>First Debian Edu test release (alpha0) based on Squeeze is released</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Debian_Edu_test_release__alpha0__based_on_Squeeze_is_released.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Debian_Edu_test_release__alpha0__based_on_Squeeze_is_released.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 27 Jul 2010 17:45:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I just posted this announcement culminating several months of work
with the next Debian Edu release.  Not nearly done, but one major step
completed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is the first test release based on Squeeze. The focus of this
release is to test the user application selection. To have a look,
install the standalone profile and let the developers know if the set
of installed packages i.e. applications should be modified. If some
user application is missing, or if there are some applications that no
longer make sense to be included in Debian Edu, please let us know.
Also, if a useful application is missing the translation for your
language of choice, please let us know too.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In addition, feedback and help to polish the desktop (menus,
artwork, starters, etc.) is appreciated. We would like to ship a nice
and handy KDE4 desktop targeted for schools out of the box.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The other profiles should be installable, but there is a lot more
work left to be done before they are ready, so do not expect to
much.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Changes compared to the lenny based version&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Everything from Debian Squeeze
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Desktop environment KDE 4.4 =&gt; the new KDE desktop in
         combination with some new artwork
  &lt;li&gt;Web browser Iceweasel 3.5
  &lt;li&gt;OpenOffice.org 3.2
  &lt;li&gt;Educational toolbox GCompris 9.3
  &lt;li&gt;Music creator Rosegarden 10.04.2
  &lt;li&gt;Image editor Gimp 2.6.10
  &lt;li&gt;Virtual universe Celestia 1.6.0
  &lt;li&gt;Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0.10.4
  &lt;li&gt;3D modeler Blender 2.49.2 (new application)
  &lt;li&gt;Video editor Kdenlive 0.7.7 (new application)
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Now using Kerberos for password checking (migration not finished).
    Enabled for:
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;PAM
  &lt;li&gt;LDAP
  &lt;li&gt;IMAP
  &lt;li&gt;SMTP (sender verification)
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;New experimental roaming workstation profile for laptops.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Show welcome page to users when they first log in. The URL is
    fetched from LDAP.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;New LXDE desktop option, in addition to KDE (default) and Gnome.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;General cleanup (not finished)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following features are not working as they should&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No web based administration tool for creating users and groups. The
    scripts ldap-createuser-krb and ldap-add-user-to-group can be used
    for testing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;DVD installs are missing debian-installer images for the PXE boot,
    and do not set up the PXE menu on eth0 because of this. LTSP
    clients should still boot from eth1 on thin client servers.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The restructured KDE menu is not implemented.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The LDAP server setup need to be reviewed for security.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The LDAP directory structure need to be reworked.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Different sets of packages are installed when using the DVD and the
    netinst CD. More packages are installed using the netinst CD.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The jackd package fail to install. This is believed to be caused by
    some ongoing transition, and hopefully should be solved soon. The
    jackd1 package can be installed manually for those that need it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some packages lack translations. See
    http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Squeeze for updated status,
    and help out with translations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To download this multiarch netinstall release you can use&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/squeeze-alpha/debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-CD.iso&quot;&gt;ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/squeeze-alpha/debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-CD.iso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/squeeze-alpha/debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-CD.iso&quot;&gt;http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/squeeze-alpha/debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-CD.iso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/squeeze-alpha/debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-CD.iso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To download this multiarch dvd release you can use&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/squeeze-alpha/debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-DVD.iso&quot;&gt;ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/squeeze-alpha/debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-DVD.iso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/squeeze-alpha/debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-DVD.iso&quot;&gt;http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/squeeze-alpha/debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-DVD.iso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/squeeze-alpha/debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-DVD.iso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no source DVD available yet. It will be prepared when we
get closer to the final release.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The MD5SUM of these images are&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3dbf45d59f42a53518b6e3c9ec3b5eb6 debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-CD.iso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;22f2cbfce281d1c6e478be452638675d debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-DVD.iso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The SHA1SUM of these images are&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;c53d1b69b40cf37cd27aefaf33f6f6a3821bedf0 debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-CD.iso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;2ec29d7db676d59d32197b05c277ffe16348376c debian-edu-6.0.0+edua0-DVD.iso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;How to report bugs:
http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugsInBugzilla&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Please direct replies to debian-edu@lists.debian.org&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu roaming workstation - at the university of Oslo</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_roaming_workstation___at_the_university_of_Oslo.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_roaming_workstation___at_the_university_of_Oslo.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 3 Aug 2010 23:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;The new roaming workstation profile in Debian Edu/Squeeze is fairly
similar to the laptop setup am I working on using Ubuntu for the
University of Oslo, and just for the heck of it, I tested today how
hard it would be to integrate that profile into the university
infrastructure.  In this case, it is the university LDAP server,
Active Directory Kerberos server and SMB mounting from the Netapp file
servers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I was pleasantly surprised that the only three files needed to be
changed (/etc/sssd/sssd.conf, /etc/ldap.conf and
/etc/mklocaluser.d/20-debian-edu-config) and one file had to be added
(/usr/share/perl5/Debian/Edu_Local.pm), to get the client working.
Most of the changes were to get the client to use the university LDAP
for NSS and Kerberos server for PAM, but one was to change a hard
coded DNS domain name in the mklocaluser hook from .intern to
.uio.no.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This testing was so encouraging, that I went ahead and adjusted the
Debian Edu scripts and setup in subversion to centralise the roaming
workstation setup a bit more and avoid the hardcoded DNS domain name,
so that when I test this tomorrow, I expect to get away with modifying
only /etc/sssd/sssd.conf and /etc/ldap.conf to get it to use the
university servers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My goal is to get the clients to have no hardcoded settings and
fetch all their initial setup during installation and first boot, to
allow them to be inserted also into environments where the default
setup in Debian Edu has been changed or as with the university, where
the environment is different but provides the protocols Debian Edu
uses.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Autodetecting Client setup for roaming workstations in Debian Edu</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Autodetecting_Client_setup_for_roaming_workstations_in_Debian_Edu.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Autodetecting_Client_setup_for_roaming_workstations_in_Debian_Edu.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 7 Aug 2010 14:45:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;A few days ago, I
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_roaming_workstation___at_the_university_of_Oslo.html&quot;&gt;tried
to install&lt;/a&gt; a Roaming workation profile from Debian Edu/Squeeze
while on the university network here at the University of Oslo, and
noticed how much had to change to get it operational using the
university infrastructure.  It was fairly easy, but it occured to me
that Debian Edu would improve a lot if I could get the client to
connect without any changes at all, and thus let the client configure
itself during installation and first boot to use the infrastructure
around it.  Now I am a huge step further along that road.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With our current squeeze-test packages, I can select the roaming
workstation profile and get a working laptop connecting to the
university LDAP server for user and group and our active directory
servers for Kerberos authentication.  All this without any
configuration at all during installation.  My users home directory got
a bookmark in the KDE menu to mount it via SMB, with the correct URL.
In short, openldap and sssd is correctly configured.  In addition to
this, the client look for http://wpad/wpad.dat to configure a web
proxy, and when it fail to find it no proxy settings are stored in
/etc/environment and /etc/apt/apt.conf.  Iceweasel and KDE is
configured to look for the same wpad configuration and also do not use
a proxy when at the university network.  If the machine is moved to a
network with such wpad setup, it would automatically use it when DHCP
gave it a IP address.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The LDAP server is located using DNS, by first looking for the DNS
entry ldap.$domain.  If this do not exist, it look for the
_ldap._tcp.$domain SRV records and use the first one as the LDAP
server.  Next, it connects to the LDAP server and search all
namingContexts entries for posixAccount or posixGroup objects, and
pick the first one as the LDAP base.  For Kerberos, a similar
algorithm is used to locate the LDAP server, and the realm is the
uppercase version of $domain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;So, what is not working, you might ask.  SMB mounting my home
directory do not work.  No idea why, but suspected the incorrect
Kerberos settings in /etc/krb5.conf and /etc/samba/smb.conf might be
the cause.  These are not properly configured during installation, and
had to be hand-edited to get the correct Kerberos realm and server,
but SMB mounting still do not work. :(&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With this automatic configuration in place, I expect a Debian Edu
roaming profile installation would be able to automatically detect and
connect to any site using LDAP and Kerberos for NSS directory and PAM
authentication.  It should also work out of the box in a Active
Directory environment providing posixAccount and posixGroup objects
with UID and GID values.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you want to help out with implementing these things for Debian
Edu, please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Testing if a file system can be used for home directories...</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Testing_if_a_file_system_can_be_used_for_home_directories___.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Testing_if_a_file_system_can_be_used_for_home_directories___.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 8 Aug 2010 21:20:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;A few years ago, I was involved in a project planning to use
Windows file servers as home directory servers for Debian
Edu/Skolelinux machines.  This was thought to be no problem, as the
access would be through the SMB network file system protocol, and we
knew other sites used SMB with unix and samba as the file server to
mount home directories without any problems.  But, after months of
struggling, we had to conclude that our goal was impossible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The reason is simply that while SMB can be used for home
directories when the file server is Samba running on Unix, this only
work because of Samba have some extensions and the fact that the
underlying file system is a unix file system.  When using a Windows
file server, the underlying file system do not have POSIX semantics,
and several programs will fail if the users home directory where they
want to store their configuration lack POSIX semantics.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As part of this work, I wrote a small C program I want to share
with you all, to replicate a few of the problematic applications (like
OpenOffice.org and GCompris) and see if the file system was working as
it should.  If you find yourself in spooky file system land, it might
help you find your way out again.  This is the fs-test.c source:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
/*
 * Some tests to check the file system sematics.  Used to verify that
 * CIFS from a windows server do not work properly as a linux home
 * directory.
 * License: GPL v2 or later
 * 
 * needs libsqlite3-dev and build-essential installed
 * compile with: gcc -Wall -lsqlite3 -DTEST_SQLITE fs-test.c -o fs-test
*/

#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
#define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
#define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE 1

#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for asprintf() */

#include &amp;lt;errno.h&gt;
#include &amp;lt;fcntl.h&gt;
#include &amp;lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &amp;lt;string.h&gt;
#include &amp;lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &amp;lt;sys/file.h&gt;
#include &amp;lt;sys/stat.h&gt;
#include &amp;lt;sys/types.h&gt;
#include &amp;lt;unistd.h&gt;

#ifdef TEST_SQLITE
/*
 * Test sqlite open, as done by gcompris require the libsqlite3-dev
 * package and linking with -lsqlite3.  A more low level test is
 * below.
 * See also &amp;lt;URL: http://www.sqlite.org./faq.html#q5 &gt;.
 */
#include &amp;lt;sqlite3.h&gt;
#define CREATE_TABLE_USERS                                              \
  &quot;CREATE TABLE users (user_id INT UNIQUE, login TEXT, lastname TEXT, firstname TEXT, birthdate TEXT, class_id INT ); &quot;
int test_sqlite_open(void) {
  char *zErrMsg;
  char *name = &quot;testsqlite.db&quot;;
  sqlite3 *db=NULL;
  unlink(name);
  int rc = sqlite3_open(name, &amp;db);
  if( rc ){
    printf(&quot;error: sqlite open of %s failed: %s\n&quot;, name, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
    sqlite3_close(db);
    return -1;
  }

  /* create tables */
  rc = sqlite3_exec(db,CREATE_TABLE_USERS, NULL,  0, &amp;zErrMsg);
  if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
    printf(&quot;error: sqlite table create failed: %s\n&quot;, zErrMsg);
    sqlite3_close(db);
    return -1;
  }
  printf(&quot;info: sqlite worked\n&quot;);
  sqlite3_close(db);
  return 0;
}
#endif /* TEST_SQLITE */

/*
 * Demonstrate locking issue found in gcompris using sqlite3.  This
 * work with ext3, but not with cifs server on Windows 2003.  This is
 * done in the sqlite3 library.
 * See also
 * &amp;lt;URL:http://www.cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2001-08/msg00854.html&gt; and the
 * POSIX specification
 * &amp;lt;URL:http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/fcntl.html&gt;.
 */
int test_gcompris_locking(void) {
  struct flock fl;
  char *name = &quot;testsqlite.db&quot;;
  unlink(name);
  int fd = open(name, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE, 0644);
  printf(&quot;info: testing fcntl locking\n&quot;);

  fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
  fl.l_pid    = getpid();
  printf(&quot;  Read-locking 1 byte from 1073741824&quot;);
  fl.l_start  = 1073741824;
  fl.l_len    = 1;
  fl.l_type   = F_RDLCK;
  if (0 != fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &amp;fl) ) printf(&quot; - error!\n&quot;); else printf(&quot;\n&quot;);

  printf(&quot;  Read-locking 510 byte from 1073741826&quot;);
  fl.l_start  = 1073741826;
  fl.l_len    = 510;
  fl.l_type   = F_RDLCK;
  if (0 != fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &amp;fl) ) printf(&quot; - error!\n&quot;); else printf(&quot;\n&quot;);

  printf(&quot;  Unlocking 1 byte from 1073741824&quot;);
  fl.l_start  = 1073741824;
  fl.l_len    = 1;
  fl.l_type   = F_UNLCK;
  if (0 != fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &amp;fl) ) printf(&quot; - error!\n&quot;); else printf(&quot;\n&quot;);

  printf(&quot;  Write-locking 1 byte from 1073741824&quot;);
  fl.l_start  = 1073741824;
  fl.l_len    = 1;
  fl.l_type   = F_WRLCK;
  if (0 != fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &amp;fl) ) printf(&quot; - error!\n&quot;); else printf(&quot;\n&quot;);

  printf(&quot;  Write-locking 510 byte from 1073741826&quot;);
  fl.l_start  = 1073741826;
  fl.l_len    = 510;
  if (0 != fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &amp;fl) ) printf(&quot; - error!\n&quot;); else printf(&quot;\n&quot;);

  printf(&quot;  Unlocking 2 byte from 1073741824&quot;);
  fl.l_start  = 1073741824;
  fl.l_len    = 2;
  fl.l_type   = F_UNLCK;
  if (0 != fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &amp;fl) ) printf(&quot; - error!\n&quot;); else printf(&quot;\n&quot;);

  close(fd);
  return 0;
}

/*
 * Test if permissions of freshly created directories allow entries
 * below them.  This was a problem with OpenOffice.org and gcompris.
 * Mounting with option &#39;sync&#39; seem to solve this problem while
 * slowing down file operations.
 */
int test_subdirectory_creation(void) {
#define LEVELS 5
  char *path = strdup(&quot;test&quot;);
  char *dirs[LEVELS];
  int level;
  printf(&quot;info: testing subdirectory creation\n&quot;);
  for (level = 0; level &amp;lt; LEVELS; level++) {
    char *newpath = NULL;
    if (-1 == mkdir(path, 0777)) {
      printf(&quot;  error: Unable to create directory &#39;%s&#39;: %s\n&quot;,
             path, strerror(errno));
      break;
    }
    asprintf(&amp;newpath, &quot;%s/%s&quot;, path, &quot;test&quot;);
    free(path);
    path = newpath;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
 * Test if symlinks can be created.  This was a problem detected with
 * KDE.
 */
int test_symlinks(void) {
  printf(&quot;info: testing symlink creation\n&quot;);
  unlink(&quot;symlink&quot;);
  if (-1 == symlink(&quot;file&quot;, &quot;symlink&quot;))
    printf(&quot;  error: Unable to create symlink\n&quot;);
  return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  printf(&quot;Testing POSIX/Unix sematics on file system\n&quot;);
  test_symlinks();
  test_subdirectory_creation();
#ifdef TEST_SQLITE
  test_sqlite_open();
#endif /* TEST_SQLITE */
  test_gcompris_locking();
  return 0;
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When everything is working, it should print something like
this:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Testing POSIX/Unix sematics on file system
info: testing symlink creation
info: testing subdirectory creation
info: sqlite worked
info: testing fcntl locking
  Read-locking 1 byte from 1073741824
  Read-locking 510 byte from 1073741826
  Unlocking 1 byte from 1073741824
  Write-locking 1 byte from 1073741824
  Write-locking 510 byte from 1073741826
  Unlocking 2 byte from 1073741824
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I do not remember the exact details of the problems we saw, but one
of them was with locking, where if I remember correctly, POSIX allow a
read-only lock to be upgraded to a read-write lock without unlocking
the read-only lock (while Windows do not).  Another was a bug in the
CIFS/SMB client implementation in the Linux kernel where directory
meta information would be wrong for a fraction of a second, making
OpenOffice.org fail to create its deep directory tree because it was
not allowed to create files in its freshly created directory.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anyway, here is a nice tool for your tool box, might you never need
it. :)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update 2010-08-27: Michael Gebetsroither report that he found the
script so useful that he created a GIT repository and stored it in
&lt;a href=&quot;http://github.com/gebi/fs-test&quot;&gt;http://github.com/gebi/fs-test&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>No hardcoded config on Debian Edu clients</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/No_hardcoded_config_on_Debian_Edu_clients.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/No_hardcoded_config_on_Debian_Edu_clients.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 9 Aug 2010 20:15:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;As reported earlier, the last few days I have looked at how Debian
Edu clients are configured, and tried to get rid of all hardcoded
configuration settings on the clients.  I believe the work to be
mostly done, and the clients seem to work just fine with dynamically
generated configuration.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;What is the point, you might ask?  The point is to allow a Debian
Edu desktop to integrate into an existing network infrastructure
without any manual configuration.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is what happens when installing a Debian Edu client here at
the University of Oslo using PXE.  With the PXE installation, I am
asked for language (Norwegian Bokmål), locality (Norway) and keyboard
layout (no-latin1), Debian Edu profile (Roaming Workstation), if I
accept to reformat the hard drive (yes), if I want to submit info to
popcon.debian.org (no) and root password (secret).  After answering
these questions, the installer goes ahead and does its thing, and
after around 50 minutes it is done.  I press enter to finish the
installation, and the machine reboots into KDE.  When the machine is
ready and kdm asks for login information, I enter my university
username and password, am told by kdm that a local home directory has
been created and that I must log in again, and finally log in with the
same username and password to the KDE 4.4 desktop.  At no point during
this process did it ask for university specific settings, and all the
required configuration was dynamically detected using information
fetched via DHCP and DNS.  The roaming workstation is now ready for
use.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;How was this done, you might wonder?  First of all, here is the
list of things that need to be configured on the client to get it
working properly out of the box:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;IP address/netmask and DNS server.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Web proxy URL.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;LDAP server for NSS directory information (user, group, etc).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kerberos server for PAM password checking.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;SMB mount point to access the network home directory. (*)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Central syslog server to send syslog messages to. (*)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sitesummary collector URL to submit info to central server. (*)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;(Hm, did I forget anything?  Let me knew if I did.)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The points marked (*) are not required to be able to use the
machine, but needed to provide central storage and allowing system
administrators to track their machines.  Since yesterday, everything
but the sitesummary collector URL is dynamically discovered at boot
and installation time in the svn version of Debian Edu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The IP and DNS setup is fetched during boot using DHCP as usual.
When a DHCP update arrives, the proxy setup is updated by looking for
http://wpat/wpad.dat and using the content of this WPAD file to
configure the http and ftp proxy in /etc/environment and
/etc/apt/apt.conf.  I decided to update the proxy setup using a DHCP
hook to ensure that the client stops using the Debian Edu proxy when
it is moved outside the Debian Edu network, and instead uses any local
proxy present on the new network when it moves around.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The DNS names of the LDAP, Kerberos and syslog server and related
configuration are generated using DNS information at boot.  First the
installer looks for a host named ldap in the current DNS domain.  If
not found, it looks for _ldap._tcp SRV records in DNS instead.  If an
LDAP server is found, its root DSE entry is requested and the
attributes namingContexts and defaultNamingContext are used to
determine which LDAP base to use for NSS.  If there are several
namingContexts attibutes and the defaultNamingContext is present, that
LDAP subtree is used as the base.  If defaultNamingContext is missing,
the subtrees listed as namingContexts are searched in sequence for any
object with class posixAccount or posixGroup, and the first one with
such an object is used as the LDAP base.  For Kerberos, a similar
search is done by first looking for a host named kerberos, and then
for the _kerberos._tcp SRV record.  I&#39;ve been unable to find a way to
look up the Kerberos realm, so for this the upper case string of the
current DNS domain is used.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For the syslog server, the hosts syslog and loghost are searched
for, and the _syslog._udp SRV record is consulted if no such host is
found.  This algorithm works for both Debian Edu and the University of
Oslo.  A similar strategy would work for locating the sitesummary
server, but have not been implemented yet.  I decided to fetch and
save these settings during installation, to make sure moving to a
different network does not change the set of users being allowed to
log in nor the passwords required to log in.  Usernames and passwords
will be cached by sssd when the user logs in on the Debian Edu
network, and will not change as the laptop move around.  For a
non-roaming machine, there is no caching, but given that it is
supposed to stay in place it should not matter much.  Perhaps we
should switch those to use sssd too?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The user&#39;s SMB mount point for the network home directory is
located when the user logs in for the first time.  The LDAP server is
consulted to look for the user&#39;s LDAP object and the sambaHomePath
attribute is used if found.  If it isn&#39;t found, the home directory
path fetched from NSS is used instead.  Assuming the path is of the
form /site/server/directory/username, the second part is looked up in
DNS and used to generate a SMB URL of the form
smb://server.domain/username.  This algorithm works for both Debian
edu and the University of Oslo.  Perhaps there are better attributes
to use or a better algorithm that works for more sites, but this will
do for now. :)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This work should make it easier to integrate the Debian Edu clients
into any LDAP/Kerberos infrastructure, and make the current setup even
more flexible than before.  I suspect it will also work for thin
client servers, allowing one to easily set up LTSP and hook it into a
existing network infrastructure, but I have not had time to test this
yet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you want to help out with implementing these things for Debian
Edu, please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update 2010-08-09: Simon Farnsworth gave me a heads-up on how to
detect Kerberos realm from DNS, by looking for _kerberos TXT entries
before falling back to the upper case DNS domain name.  Will have to
implement it for Debian Edu. :)&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Broken umask handling with sshfs</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Broken_umask_handling_with_sshfs.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Broken_umask_handling_with_sshfs.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 26 Aug 2010 13:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;My file system sematics program
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Testing_if_a_file_system_can_be_used_for_home_directories___.html&quot;&gt;presented
a few days ago&lt;/a&gt; is very useful to verify that a file system can
work as a unix home directory,and today I had to extend it a bit.  I&#39;m
looking into alternatives for home directory access here at the
University of Oslo, and one of the options is sshfs.  My friend
Finn-Arne mentioned a while back that they had used sshfs with Debian
Edu, but stopped because of problems.  I asked today what the problems
where, and he mentioned that sshfs failed to handle umask properly.
Trying to detect the problem I wrote this addition to my fs testing
script:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
mode_t touch_get_mode(const char *name, mode_t mode) {
  mode_t retval = 0;
  int fd = open(name, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE, mode);
  if (-1 != fd) {
    unlink(name);
    struct stat statbuf;
    if (-1 != fstat(fd, &amp;statbuf)) {
      retval = statbuf.st_mode &amp; 0x1ff;
    }
    close(fd);
  }
  return retval;
}

/* Try to detect problem discovered using sshfs */
int test_umask(void) {
  printf(&quot;info: testing umask effect on file creation\n&quot;);

  mode_t orig_umask = umask(000);
  mode_t newmode;
  if (0666 != (newmode = touch_get_mode(&quot;foobar&quot;, 0666))) {
    printf(&quot;  error: Wrong file mode %o when creating using mode 666 and umask 000\n&quot;,
           newmode);
  }
  umask(007);
  if (0660 != (newmode = touch_get_mode(&quot;foobar&quot;, 0666))) {
    printf(&quot;  error: Wrong file mode %o when creating using mode 666 and umask 007\n&quot;,
           newmode);
  }

  umask (orig_umask);
  return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  [...]
  test_umask();
  return 0;
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sure enough.  On NFS to a netapp, I get this result:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Testing POSIX/Unix sematics on file system
info: testing symlink creation
info: testing subdirectory creation
info: testing fcntl locking
  Read-locking 1 byte from 1073741824
  Read-locking 510 byte from 1073741826
  Unlocking 1 byte from 1073741824
  Write-locking 1 byte from 1073741824
  Write-locking 510 byte from 1073741826
  Unlocking 2 byte from 1073741824
info: testing umask effect on file creation
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When mounting the same directory using sshfs, I get this
result:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Testing POSIX/Unix sematics on file system
info: testing symlink creation
info: testing subdirectory creation
info: testing fcntl locking
  Read-locking 1 byte from 1073741824
  Read-locking 510 byte from 1073741826
  Unlocking 1 byte from 1073741824
  Write-locking 1 byte from 1073741824
  Write-locking 510 byte from 1073741826
  Unlocking 2 byte from 1073741824
info: testing umask effect on file creation
  error: Wrong file mode 644 when creating using mode 666 and umask 000
  error: Wrong file mode 640 when creating using mode 666 and umask 007
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;So, I can conclude that sshfs is better than smb to a Netapp or a
Windows server, but not good enough to be used as a home
directory.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update 2010-08-26: Reported the issue in
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/594498&quot;&gt;BTS report #594498&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update 2010-08-27: Michael Gebetsroither report that he found the
script so useful that he created a GIT repository and stored it in
&lt;a href=&quot;http://github.com/gebi/fs-test&quot;&gt;http://github.com/gebi/fs-test&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux i Osloskolen</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_i_Osloskolen.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_i_Osloskolen.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 26 Aug 2010 22:25:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Denne høsten skal endelig alle Osloskolene få mulighet til å bruke
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;.  Ny IT-løsning
har vært rullet ut i noen måneder nå, og så vidt jeg fikk vite før
sommeren skulle alle skoler ha nytt opplegg på plass før oppstart nå i
høst.  På alle skolene skal en kunne velge ved installasjon om en skal
ha Windows eller Skolelinux på maskinene, og en kan i tillegg
PXE-boote maskinene over nett som tynne klienter eller diskløse
arbeidsstasjoner. Jeg er spent på hvor mange skoler som velger å ta i
bruk Skolelinux, og gleder meg til å se hvordan dette utvikler seg.
Løsningen leveres av
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.logica.no/&quot;&gt;Logica&lt;/a&gt; med
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slxdrift.no/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux Drift AS&lt;/a&gt; som
underleverandør, og jeg har vært involvert i utviklingen av løsningen
via Skolelinux Drift AS siden prosjektet starter.  Jeg synes det er
fantastisk at Skolelinux er kommet så langt siden vi startet i 2001 at
alle elevene i Osloskolene nå skal få mulighet til å bruke
løsningen.  Jeg håper de vil sette pris på alle de
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.no/linux-signpost/&quot;&gt;fantastiske
brukerprogrammene&lt;/a&gt; som er tilgjengelig i Skolelinux.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Broken hard link handling with sshfs</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Broken_hard_link_handling_with_sshfs.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Broken_hard_link_handling_with_sshfs.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 30 Aug 2010 19:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Just got an email from Tobias Gruetzmacher as a followup on my
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Broken_umask_handling_with_sshfs.html&quot;&gt;previous
post about sshfs&lt;/a&gt;.  He reported another problem with sshfs.  It
fail to handle hard links properly.  A simple way to spot this is to
look at the . and .. entries in the directory tree.  These should have
a link count &gt;1, but on sshfs the count is 1.  I just tested to see
what happen when trying to hardlink, and this fail as well:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
% ln foo bar
ln: creating hard link `bar&#39; =&gt; `foo&#39;: Function not implemented
%
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I have not yet found time to implement a test for this in my file
system test code, but believe having working hard links is useful to
avoid surprised unix programs.  Not as useful as working file locking
and symlinks, which are required to get a working desktop, but useful
nevertheless. :)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The latest version of the file system test code is available via
git from
&lt;a href=&quot;http://github.com/gebi/fs-test&quot;&gt;http://github.com/gebi/fs-test&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Some notes on Flash in Debian and Debian Edu</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Some_notes_on_Flash_in_Debian_and_Debian_Edu.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Some_notes_on_Flash_in_Debian_and_Debian_Edu.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 4 Sep 2010 10:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://popcon.debian.org/unknown/by_vote&quot;&gt;Debian
popularity-contest numbers&lt;/a&gt;, the adobe-flashplugin package the
second most popular used package that is missing in Debian.  The sixth
most popular is flashplayer-mozilla.  This is a clear indication that
working flash is important for Debian users.  Around 10 percent of the
users submitting data to popcon.debian.org have this package
installed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the report written by Lars Risan in August 2008
(«&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.skolelinux.no/Dokumentasjon/Rapporter?action=AttachFile&amp;do=view&amp;target=Skolelinux_i_bruk_rapport_1.0.pdf&quot;&gt;Skolelinux
i bruk – Rapport for Hurum kommune, Universitetet i Agder og
stiftelsen SLX Debian Labs&lt;/a&gt;»), one of the most important problems
schools experienced with &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian
Edu/Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; was the lack of working Flash.  A lot of educational
web sites require Flash to work, and lacking working Flash support in
the web browser and the problems with installing it was perceived as a
good reason to stay with Windows.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I once saw a funny and sad comment in a web forum, where Linux was
said to be the retarded cousin that did not really understand
everything you told him but could work fairly well.  This was a
comment regarding the problems Linux have with proprietary formats and
non-standard web pages, and is sad because it exposes a fairly common
understanding of whose fault it is if web pages that only work in for
example Internet Explorer 6 fail to work on Firefox, and funny because
it explain very well how annoying it is for users when Linux
distributions do not work with the documents they receive or the web
pages they want to visit.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is part of the reason why I believe it is important for Debian
and Debian Edu to have a well working Flash implementation in the
distribution, to get at least popular sites as Youtube and Google
Video to working out of the box.  For Squeeze, Debian have the chance
to include the latest version of Gnash that will make this happen, as
the new release 0.8.8 was published a few weeks ago and is resting in
unstable.  The new version work with more sites that version 0.8.7.
The Gnash maintainers have asked for a freeze exception, but the
release team have not had time to reply to it yet.  I hope they agree
with me that Flash is important for the Debian desktop users, and thus
accept the new package into Squeeze.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Software updates 2010-10-24</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Software_updates_2010_10_24.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Software_updates_2010_10_24.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 24 Oct 2010 22:45:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Some updates.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My &lt;a href=&quot;http://pledgebank.com/gnash-avm2&quot;&gt;gnash pledge&lt;/a&gt; to
raise money for the project is going well.  The lower limit of 10
signers was reached in 24 hours, and so far 13 people have signed it.
More signers and more funding is most welcome, and I am really curious
how far we can get before the time limit of December 24 is reached.
:)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;On the #gnash IRC channel on irc.freenode.net, I was just tipped
about what appear to be a great code coverage tool capable of
generating code coverage stats without any changes to the source code.
It is called
&lt;a href=&quot;http://simonkagstrom.github.com/kcov/index.html&quot;&gt;kcov&lt;/a&gt;,
and can be used using &lt;tt&gt;kcov &amp;lt;directory&amp;gt; &amp;lt;binary&amp;gt;&lt;/tt&gt;.
It is missing in Debian, but the git source built just fine in Squeeze
after I installed libelf-dev, libdwarf-dev, pkg-config and
libglib2.0-dev.  Failed to build in Lenny, but suspect that is
solvable.  I hope kcov make it into Debian soon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Finally found time to wrap up the release notes for &lt;a
href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2010/10/msg00002.html&quot;&gt;a
new alpha release of Debian Edu&lt;/a&gt;, and just published the second
alpha test release of the Squeeze based Debian Edu /
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;
release.  Give it a try if you need a complete linux solution for your
school, including central infrastructure server, workstations, thin
client servers and diskless workstations.  A nice touch added
yesterday is RDP support on the thin client servers, for windows
clients to get a Linux desktop on request.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Making room on the Debian Edu/Sqeeze DVD</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Making_room_on_the_Debian_Edu_Sqeeze_DVD.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Making_room_on_the_Debian_Edu_Sqeeze_DVD.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 7 Nov 2010 11:45:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Prioritising packages for the Debian Edu /
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; DVD, which is
supposed provide a school with all the services and user applications
needed on the pupils computer network has always been hard.  Even
schools without Internet connections should be able to get Debian Edu
working using this DVD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The job became a lot harder when apt and aptitude started
installing recommended packages by default.  We want the same set of
packages to be installed when using the DVD and the netinst CD, and
that means all recommended packages need to be on the DVD.  I created
a patch for debian-cd in &lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/601203&quot;&gt;BTS
report #601203&lt;/a&gt; to do this, and since this change was applied to
the Debian Edu DVD build, we have been seriously short on space.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A few days ago we decided to drop blender, wxmaxima and kicad from
the default installation to save space on the DVD, believing that
those needing these applications are few and can get them from the
Debian archive.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Yesterday, I had a look what source packages to see which packages
were using most space.  A few large packages are well know;
openoffice.org, openclipart and fluid-soundfont.  But I also
discovered that lilypond used 106 MiB and fglrx-driver used 53 MiB.
The lilypond package is pulled in as a dependency for rosegarden, and
when looking a bit closer I discovered that 99 MiB of the 106 MiB were
the documentation package, which is recommended by the binary package.
I decided to drop this documentation package from our DVD, as most of
our users will use the GUI front-ends and do not need the lilypond
documentation.  Similarly, I dropped the non-free fglrx-driver package
which might be installed by d-i when its hardware is detected, as the
free X driver should work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With this change, we finally got space for the LXDE and Gnome
desktop packages as well as the language specific packages making the
DVD more useful again.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Gnash buildbot slave and Debian kfreebsd</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Gnash_buildbot_slave_and_Debian_kfreebsd.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Gnash_buildbot_slave_and_Debian_kfreebsd.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 20 Nov 2010 07:20:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Answering
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.listware.net/201011/gnash-dev/67431-gnash-dev-buildbot-looking-for-slaves.html&quot;&gt;the
call from the Gnash project&lt;/a&gt; for
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gnashdev.org:8010&quot;&gt;buildbot&lt;/a&gt; slaves to test the
current source, I have set up a virtual KVM machine on the Debian
Edu/Skolelinux virtualization host to test the git source on
Debian/Squeeze.  I hope this can help the developers in getting new
releases out more often.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As the developers want less main-stream build platforms tested to,
I have considered setting up a &lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/&quot;&gt;Debian/kfreebsd&lt;/a&gt;
machine as well.  I have also considered using the kfreebsd
architecture in Debian as a file server in NUUG to get access to the 5
TB zfs volume we currently use to store DV video.  Because of this, I
finally got around to do a test installation of Debian/Squeeze with
kfreebsd.  Installation went fairly smooth, thought I noticed some
visual glitches in the cdebconf dialogs (black cursor left on the
screen at random locations).  Have not gotten very far with the
testing.  Noticed cfdisk did not work, but fdisk did so it was not a
fatal problem.  Have to spend some more time on it to see if it is
useful as a file server for NUUG.  Will try to find time to set up a
gnash buildbot slave on the Debian Edu/Skolelinux this weekend.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Lenny-&gt;Squeeze upgrades, apt vs aptitude with the Gnome and KDE desktop</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades__apt_vs_aptitude_with_the_Gnome_and_KDE_desktop.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades__apt_vs_aptitude_with_the_Gnome_and_KDE_desktop.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 20 Nov 2010 22:50:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I&#39;m still running upgrade testing of the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/~pere/debian-upgrade-testing/&quot;&gt;Lenny
Gnome and KDE Desktop&lt;/a&gt;, but have not had time to spend on reporting the
status.  Here is a short update based on a test I ran 20101118.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I still do not know what a correct migration should look like, so I
report any differences between apt and aptitude and hope someone else
can see if anything should be changed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is for Gnome:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using apt-get, missing with aptitude&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  apache2.2-bin aptdaemon at-spi baobab binfmt-support
  browser-plugin-gnash cheese-common cli-common cpp-4.3 cups-pk-helper
  dmz-cursor-theme empathy empathy-common finger
  freedesktop-sound-theme freeglut3 gconf-defaults-service gdm-themes
  gedit-plugins geoclue geoclue-hostip geoclue-localnet geoclue-manual
  geoclue-yahoo gnash gnash-common gnome gnome-backgrounds
  gnome-cards-data gnome-codec-install gnome-core
  gnome-desktop-environment gnome-disk-utility gnome-screenshot
  gnome-search-tool gnome-session-canberra gnome-spell
  gnome-system-log gnome-themes-extras gnome-themes-more
  gnome-user-share gs-common gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mp3
  gstreamer0.10-tools gtk2-engines gtk2-engines-pixbuf
  gtk2-engines-smooth hal-info hamster-applet libapache2-mod-dnssd
  libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap
  libart2.0-cil libatspi1.0-0 libboost-date-time1.42.0
  libboost-python1.42.0 libboost-thread1.42.0 libchamplain-0.4-0
  libchamplain-gtk-0.4-0 libcheese-gtk18 libclutter-gtk-0.10-0
  libcryptui0 libcupsys2 libdiscid0 libeel2-data libelf1 libepc-1.0-2
  libepc-common libepc-ui-1.0-2 libfreerdp-plugins-standard
  libfreerdp0 libgail-common libgconf2.0-cil libgdata-common libgdata7
  libgdl-1-common libgdu-gtk0 libgee2 libgeoclue0 libgexiv2-0 libgif4
  libglade2.0-cil libglib2.0-cil libgmime2.4-cil libgnome-vfs2.0-cil
  libgnome2.24-cil libgnomepanel2.24-cil libgnomeprint2.2-data
  libgnomeprintui2.2-common libgnomevfs2-bin libgpod-common libgpod4
  libgtk2.0-cil libgtkglext1 libgtksourceview-common
  libgtksourceview2.0-common libmono-addins-gui0.2-cil
  libmono-addins0.2-cil libmono-cairo2.0-cil libmono-corlib2.0-cil
  libmono-i18n-west2.0-cil libmono-posix2.0-cil
  libmono-security2.0-cil libmono-sharpzip2.84-cil
  libmono-system2.0-cil libmtp8 libmusicbrainz3-6
  libndesk-dbus-glib1.0-cil libndesk-dbus1.0-cil libopal3.6.8
  libpolkit-gtk-1-0 libpt-1.10.10-plugins-alsa
  libpt-1.10.10-plugins-v4l libpt2.6.7 libpython2.6 librpm1 librpmio1
  libsdl1.2debian libservlet2.4-java libsrtp0 libssh-4
  libtelepathy-farsight0 libtelepathy-glib0 libtidy-0.99-0
  libxalan2-java libxerces2-java media-player-info mesa-utils
  mono-2.0-gac mono-gac mono-runtime nautilus-sendto
  nautilus-sendto-empathy openoffice.org-writer2latex
  openssl-blacklist p7zip p7zip-full pkg-config python-4suite-xml
  python-aptdaemon python-aptdaemon-gtk python-axiom
  python-beautifulsoup python-bugbuddy python-clientform
  python-coherence python-configobj python-crypto python-cupshelpers
  python-cupsutils python-eggtrayicon python-elementtree
  python-epsilon python-evolution python-feedparser python-gdata
  python-gdbm python-gst0.10 python-gtkglext1 python-gtkmozembed
  python-gtksourceview2 python-httplib2 python-louie python-mako
  python-markupsafe python-mechanize python-nevow python-notify
  python-opengl python-openssl python-pam python-pkg-resources
  python-pyasn1 python-pysqlite2 python-rdflib python-serial
  python-tagpy python-twisted-bin python-twisted-conch
  python-twisted-core python-twisted-web python-utidylib python-webkit
  python-xdg python-zope.interface remmina remmina-plugin-data
  remmina-plugin-rdp remmina-plugin-vnc rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder
  rhythmbox-plugins rpm-common rpm2cpio seahorse-plugins shotwell
  software-center svgalibg1 system-config-printer-udev
  telepathy-gabble telepathy-mission-control-5 telepathy-salut tomboy
  totem totem-coherence totem-mozilla totem-plugins
  transmission-common xdg-user-dirs xdg-user-dirs-gtk xserver-xephyr
  zip
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Installed using apt-get, removed with aptitude

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  arj bluez-utils cheese dhcdbd djvulibre-desktop ekiga eog
  epiphany-extensions epiphany-gecko evolution-exchange
  fast-user-switch-applet file-roller gcalctool gconf-editor gdm gedit
  gedit-common gnome-app-install gnome-games gnome-games-data
  gnome-nettool gnome-system-tools gnome-themes gnome-utils
  gnome-vfs-obexftp gnome-volume-manager gnuchess gucharmap
  guile-1.8-libs hal libavahi-compat-libdnssd1 libavahi-core5
  libavahi-ui0 libbind9-50 libbluetooth2 libcamel1.2-11 libcdio7
  libcucul0 libcurl3 libdirectfb-1.0-0 libdmx1 libdvdread3
  libedata-cal1.2-6 libedataserver1.2-9 libeel2-2.20 libepc-1.0-1
  libepc-ui-1.0-1 libexchange-storage1.2-3 libfaad0 libgadu3
  libgalago3 libgd2-noxpm libgda3-3 libgda3-common libggz2 libggzcore9
  libggzmod4 libgksu1.2-0 libgksuui1.0-1 libgmyth0 libgnome-desktop-2
  libgnome-pilot2 libgnomecups1.0-1 libgnomeprint2.2-0
  libgnomeprintui2.2-0 libgpod3 libgraphviz4 libgtk-vnc-1.0-0
  libgtkhtml2-0 libgtksourceview1.0-0 libgtksourceview2.0-0
  libgucharmap6 libhesiod0 libicu38 libisccc50 libisccfg50 libiw29
  libjaxp1.3-java-gcj libkpathsea4 liblircclient0 libltdl3 liblwres50
  libmagick++10 libmagick10 libmalaga7 libmozjs1d libmpfr1ldbl libmtp7
  libmysqlclient15off libnautilus-burn4 libneon27 libnm-glib0
  libnm-util0 libopal-2.2 libosp5 libparted1.8-10 libpisock9
  libpisync1 libpoppler-glib3 libpoppler3 libpt-1.10.10 libraw1394-8
  libsdl1.2debian-alsa libsensors3 libsexy2 libsmbios2 libsoup2.2-8
  libspeexdsp1 libssh2-1 libsuitesparse-3.1.0 libsvga1
  libswfdec-0.6-90 libtalloc1 libtotem-plparser10 libtrackerclient0
  libvoikko1 libxalan2-java-gcj libxerces2-java-gcj libxklavier12
  libxtrap6 libxxf86misc1 libzephyr3 mysql-common rhythmbox seahorse
  sound-juicer swfdec-gnome system-config-printer totem-common
  totem-gstreamer transmission-gtk vinagre vino w3c-dtd-xhtml wodim
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using aptitude, missing with apt-get&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using aptitude, removed with apt-get&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
[nothing]
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is for KDE:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using apt-get, missing with aptitude&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  autopoint bomber bovo cantor cantor-backend-kalgebra cpp-4.3 dcoprss
  edict espeak espeak-data eyesapplet fifteenapplet finger gettext
  ghostscript-x git gnome-audio gnugo granatier gs-common
  gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio indi kaddressbook-plugins kalgebra
  kalzium-data kanjidic kapman kate-plugins kblocks kbreakout kbstate
  kde-icons-mono kdeaccessibility kdeaddons-kfile-plugins
  kdeadmin-kfile-plugins kdeartwork-misc kdeartwork-theme-window
  kdeedu kdeedu-data kdeedu-kvtml-data kdegames kdegames-card-data
  kdegames-mahjongg-data kdegraphics-kfile-plugins kdelirc
  kdemultimedia-kfile-plugins kdenetwork-kfile-plugins
  kdepim-kfile-plugins kdepim-kio-plugins kdessh kdetoys kdewebdev
  kdiamond kdnssd kfilereplace kfourinline kgeography-data kigo
  killbots kiriki klettres-data kmoon kmrml knewsticker-scripts
  kollision kpf krosspython ksirk ksmserver ksquares kstars-data
  ksudoku kubrick kweather libasound2-plugins libboost-python1.42.0
  libcfitsio3 libconvert-binhex-perl libcrypt-ssleay-perl libdb4.6++
  libdjvulibre-text libdotconf1.0 liberror-perl libespeak1
  libfinance-quote-perl libgail-common libgsl0ldbl libhtml-parser-perl
  libhtml-tableextract-perl libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-tree-perl
  libio-stringy-perl libkdeedu4 libkdegames5 libkiten4 libkpathsea5
  libkrossui4 libmailtools-perl libmime-tools-perl
  libnews-nntpclient-perl libopenbabel3 libportaudio2 libpulse-browse0
  libservlet2.4-java libspeechd2 libtiff-tools libtimedate-perl
  libunistring0 liburi-perl libwww-perl libxalan2-java libxerces2-java
  lirc luatex marble networkstatus noatun-plugins
  openoffice.org-writer2latex palapeli palapeli-data parley
  parley-data poster psutils pulseaudio pulseaudio-esound-compat
  pulseaudio-module-x11 pulseaudio-utils quanta-data rocs rsync
  speech-dispatcher step svgalibg1 texlive-binaries texlive-luatex
  ttf-sazanami-gothic
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using apt-get, removed with aptitude&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  amor artsbuilder atlantik atlantikdesigner blinken bluez-utils cvs
  dhcdbd djvulibre-desktop imlib-base imlib11 kalzium kanagram kandy
  kasteroids katomic kbackgammon kbattleship kblackbox kbounce kbruch
  kcron kdat kdemultimedia-kappfinder-data kdeprint kdict kdvi kedit
  keduca kenolaba kfax kfaxview kfouleggs kgeography kghostview
  kgoldrunner khangman khexedit kiconedit kig kimagemapeditor
  kitchensync kiten kjumpingcube klatin klettres klickety klines
  klinkstatus kmag kmahjongg kmailcvt kmenuedit kmid kmilo kmines
  kmousetool kmouth kmplot knetwalk kodo kolf kommander konquest kooka
  kpager kpat kpdf kpercentage kpilot kpoker kpovmodeler krec
  kregexpeditor kreversi ksame ksayit kshisen ksig ksim ksirc ksirtet
  ksmiletris ksnake ksokoban kspaceduel kstars ksvg ksysv kteatime
  ktip ktnef ktouch ktron kttsd ktuberling kturtle ktux kuickshow
  kverbos kview kviewshell kvoctrain kwifimanager kwin kwin4 kwordquiz
  kworldclock kxsldbg libakode2 libarts1-akode libarts1-audiofile
  libarts1-mpeglib libarts1-xine libavahi-compat-libdnssd1
  libavahi-core5 libavc1394-0 libbind9-50 libbluetooth2
  libboost-python1.34.1 libcucul0 libcurl3 libcvsservice0
  libdirectfb-1.0-0 libdjvulibre21 libdvdread3 libfaad0 libfreebob0
  libgd2-noxpm libgraphviz4 libgsmme1c2a libgtkhtml2-0 libicu38
  libiec61883-0 libindex0 libisccc50 libisccfg50 libiw29
  libjaxp1.3-java-gcj libk3b3 libkcal2b libkcddb1 libkdeedu3
  libkdegames1 libkdepim1a libkgantt0 libkleopatra1 libkmime2
  libkpathsea4 libkpimexchange1 libkpimidentities1 libkscan1
  libksieve0 libktnef1 liblockdev1 libltdl3 liblwres50 libmagick10
  libmimelib1c2a libmodplug0c2 libmozjs1d libmpcdec3 libmpfr1ldbl
  libneon27 libnm-util0 libopensync0 libpisock9 libpoppler-glib3
  libpoppler-qt2 libpoppler3 libraw1394-8 librss1 libsensors3
  libsmbios2 libssh2-1 libsuitesparse-3.1.0 libswfdec-0.6-90
  libtalloc1 libxalan2-java-gcj libxerces2-java-gcj libxtrap6 lskat
  mpeglib network-manager-kde noatun pmount tex-common texlive-base
  texlive-common texlive-doc-base texlive-fonts-recommended tidy
  ttf-dustin ttf-kochi-gothic ttf-sjfonts
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using aptitude, missing with apt-get&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  dolphin kde-core kde-plasma-desktop kde-standard kde-window-manager
  kdeartwork kdebase kdebase-apps kdebase-workspace
  kdebase-workspace-bin kdebase-workspace-data kdeutils kscreensaver
  kscreensaver-xsavers libgle3 libkonq5 libkonq5-templates libnetpbm10
  netpbm plasma-widget-folderview plasma-widget-networkmanagement
  xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl xscreensaver-gl-extra
  xscreensaver-screensaver-bsod
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using aptitude, removed with apt-get&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  kdebase-bin konq-plugins konqueror
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Migrating Xen virtual machines using LVM to KVM using disk images</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Migrating_Xen_virtual_machines_using_LVM_to_KVM_using_disk_images.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Migrating_Xen_virtual_machines_using_LVM_to_KVM_using_disk_images.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 22 Nov 2010 11:20:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Most of the computers in use by the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu/Skolelinux project&lt;/a&gt;
are virtual machines.  And they have been Xen machines running on a
fairly old IBM eserver xseries 345 machine, and we wanted to migrate
them to KVM on a newer Dell PowerEdge 2950 host machine.  This was a
bit harder that it could have been, because we set up the Xen virtual
machines to get the virtual partitions from LVM, which as far as I
know is not supported by KVM.  So to migrate, we had to convert
several LVM logical volumes to partitions on a virtual disk file.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I found
&lt;a href=&quot;http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com.au/articles/35011-Six-steps-for-migrating-Xen-virtual-machines-to-KVM&quot;&gt;a
nice recipe&lt;/a&gt; to do this, and wrote the following script to do the
migration.  It uses qemu-img from the qemu package to make the disk
image, parted to partition it, losetup and kpartx to present the disk
image partions as devices, and dd to copy the data.  I NFS mounted the
new servers storage area on the old server to do the migration.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
#!/bin/sh

# Based on
# http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com.au/articles/35011-Six-steps-for-migrating-Xen-virtual-machines-to-KVM

set -e
set -x

if [ -z &quot;$1&quot; ] ; then
    echo &quot;Usage: $0 &amp;lt;hostname&amp;gt;&quot;
    exit 1
else
    host=&quot;$1&quot;
fi

if [ ! -e /dev/vg_data/$host-disk ] ; then
    echo &quot;error: unable to find LVM volume for $host&quot;
    exit 1
fi

# Partitions need to be a bit bigger than the LVM LVs.  not sure why.
disksize=$( lvs --units m | grep $host-disk | awk &#39;{sum = sum + $4} END { print int(sum * 1.05) }&#39;)
swapsize=$( lvs --units m | grep $host-swap | awk &#39;{sum = sum + $4} END { print int(sum * 1.05) }&#39;)
totalsize=$(( ( $disksize + $swapsize ) ))

img=$host.img
#dd if=/dev/zero of=$img bs=1M count=$(( $disksize + $swapsize ))
qemu-img create $img ${totalsize}MMaking room on the Debian Edu/Sqeeze DVD

parted $img mklabel msdos
parted $img mkpart primary linux-swap 0 $disksize
parted $img mkpart primary ext2 $disksize $totalsize
parted $img set 1 boot on

modprobe dm-mod
losetup /dev/loop0 $img
kpartx -a /dev/loop0

dd if=/dev/vg_data/$host-disk of=/dev/mapper/loop0p1 bs=1M
fsck.ext3 -f /dev/mapper/loop0p1 || true
mkswap /dev/mapper/loop0p2

kpartx -d /dev/loop0
losetup -d /dev/loop0
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The script is perhaps so simple that it is not copyrightable, but
if it is, it is licenced using GPL v2 or later at your discretion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After doing this, I booted a Debian CD in rescue mode in KVM with
the new disk image attached, installed grub-pc and linux-image-686 and
set up grub to boot from the disk image.  After this, the KVM machines
seem to work just fine.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Lenny-&gt;Squeeze upgrades of the Gnome and KDE desktop, now with apt-get autoremove</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades_of_the_Gnome_and_KDE_desktop__now_with_apt_get_autoremove.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades_of_the_Gnome_and_KDE_desktop__now_with_apt_get_autoremove.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 22 Nov 2010 14:15:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Michael Biebl suggested to me on IRC, that I changed my automated
upgrade testing of the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/~pere/debian-upgrade-testing/&quot;&gt;Lenny
Gnome and KDE Desktop&lt;/a&gt; to do &lt;tt&gt;apt-get autoremove&lt;/tt&gt; when using apt-get.
This seem like a very good idea, so I adjusted by test scripts and
can now present the updated result from today:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is for Gnome:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using apt-get, missing with aptitude&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  apache2.2-bin
  aptdaemon
  baobab
  binfmt-support
  browser-plugin-gnash
  cheese-common
  cli-common
  cups-pk-helper
  dmz-cursor-theme
  empathy
  empathy-common
  freedesktop-sound-theme
  freeglut3
  gconf-defaults-service
  gdm-themes
  gedit-plugins
  geoclue
  geoclue-hostip
  geoclue-localnet
  geoclue-manual
  geoclue-yahoo
  gnash
  gnash-common
  gnome
  gnome-backgrounds
  gnome-cards-data
  gnome-codec-install
  gnome-core
  gnome-desktop-environment
  gnome-disk-utility
  gnome-screenshot
  gnome-search-tool
  gnome-session-canberra
  gnome-system-log
  gnome-themes-extras
  gnome-themes-more
  gnome-user-share
  gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mp3
  gstreamer0.10-tools
  gtk2-engines
  gtk2-engines-pixbuf
  gtk2-engines-smooth
  hamster-applet
  libapache2-mod-dnssd
  libapr1
  libaprutil1
  libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3
  libaprutil1-ldap
  libart2.0-cil
  libboost-date-time1.42.0
  libboost-python1.42.0
  libboost-thread1.42.0
  libchamplain-0.4-0
  libchamplain-gtk-0.4-0
  libcheese-gtk18
  libclutter-gtk-0.10-0
  libcryptui0
  libdiscid0
  libelf1
  libepc-1.0-2
  libepc-common
  libepc-ui-1.0-2
  libfreerdp-plugins-standard
  libfreerdp0
  libgconf2.0-cil
  libgdata-common
  libgdata7
  libgdu-gtk0
  libgee2
  libgeoclue0
  libgexiv2-0
  libgif4
  libglade2.0-cil
  libglib2.0-cil
  libgmime2.4-cil
  libgnome-vfs2.0-cil
  libgnome2.24-cil
  libgnomepanel2.24-cil
  libgpod-common
  libgpod4
  libgtk2.0-cil
  libgtkglext1
  libgtksourceview2.0-common
  libmono-addins-gui0.2-cil
  libmono-addins0.2-cil
  libmono-cairo2.0-cil
  libmono-corlib2.0-cil
  libmono-i18n-west2.0-cil
  libmono-posix2.0-cil
  libmono-security2.0-cil
  libmono-sharpzip2.84-cil
  libmono-system2.0-cil
  libmtp8
  libmusicbrainz3-6
  libndesk-dbus-glib1.0-cil
  libndesk-dbus1.0-cil
  libopal3.6.8
  libpolkit-gtk-1-0
  libpt2.6.7
  libpython2.6
  librpm1
  librpmio1
  libsdl1.2debian
  libsrtp0
  libssh-4
  libtelepathy-farsight0
  libtelepathy-glib0
  libtidy-0.99-0
  media-player-info
  mesa-utils
  mono-2.0-gac
  mono-gac
  mono-runtime
  nautilus-sendto
  nautilus-sendto-empathy
  p7zip-full
  pkg-config
  python-aptdaemon
  python-aptdaemon-gtk
  python-axiom
  python-beautifulsoup
  python-bugbuddy
  python-clientform
  python-coherence
  python-configobj
  python-crypto
  python-cupshelpers
  python-elementtree
  python-epsilon
  python-evolution
  python-feedparser
  python-gdata
  python-gdbm
  python-gst0.10
  python-gtkglext1
  python-gtksourceview2
  python-httplib2
  python-louie
  python-mako
  python-markupsafe
  python-mechanize
  python-nevow
  python-notify
  python-opengl
  python-openssl
  python-pam
  python-pkg-resources
  python-pyasn1
  python-pysqlite2
  python-rdflib
  python-serial
  python-tagpy
  python-twisted-bin
  python-twisted-conch
  python-twisted-core
  python-twisted-web
  python-utidylib
  python-webkit
  python-xdg
  python-zope.interface
  remmina
  remmina-plugin-data
  remmina-plugin-rdp
  remmina-plugin-vnc
  rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder
  rhythmbox-plugins
  rpm-common
  rpm2cpio
  seahorse-plugins
  shotwell
  software-center
  system-config-printer-udev
  telepathy-gabble
  telepathy-mission-control-5
  telepathy-salut
  tomboy
  totem
  totem-coherence
  totem-mozilla
  totem-plugins
  transmission-common
  xdg-user-dirs
  xdg-user-dirs-gtk
  xserver-xephyr
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using apt-get, removed with aptitude&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  cheese
  ekiga
  eog
  epiphany-extensions
  evolution-exchange
  fast-user-switch-applet
  file-roller
  gcalctool
  gconf-editor
  gdm
  gedit
  gedit-common
  gnome-games
  gnome-games-data
  gnome-nettool
  gnome-system-tools
  gnome-themes
  gnuchess
  gucharmap
  guile-1.8-libs
  libavahi-ui0
  libdmx1
  libgalago3
  libgtk-vnc-1.0-0
  libgtksourceview2.0-0
  liblircclient0
  libsdl1.2debian-alsa
  libspeexdsp1
  libsvga1
  rhythmbox
  seahorse
  sound-juicer
  system-config-printer
  totem-common
  transmission-gtk
  vinagre
  vino
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using aptitude, missing with apt-get&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using aptitude, removed with apt-get&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
[nothing]
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is for KDE:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using apt-get, missing with aptitude&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  ksmserver
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using apt-get, removed with aptitude&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  kwin
  network-manager-kde
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using aptitude, missing with apt-get&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  arts
  dolphin
  freespacenotifier
  google-gadgets-gst
  google-gadgets-xul
  kappfinder
  kcalc
  kcharselect
  kde-core
  kde-plasma-desktop
  kde-standard
  kde-window-manager
  kdeartwork
  kdeartwork-emoticons
  kdeartwork-style
  kdeartwork-theme-icon
  kdebase
  kdebase-apps
  kdebase-workspace
  kdebase-workspace-bin
  kdebase-workspace-data
  kdeeject
  kdelibs
  kdeplasma-addons
  kdeutils
  kdewallpapers
  kdf
  kfloppy
  kgpg
  khelpcenter4
  kinfocenter
  konq-plugins-l10n
  konqueror-nsplugins
  kscreensaver
  kscreensaver-xsavers
  ktimer
  kwrite
  libgle3
  libkde4-ruby1.8
  libkonq5
  libkonq5-templates
  libnetpbm10
  libplasma-ruby
  libplasma-ruby1.8
  libqt4-ruby1.8
  marble-data
  marble-plugins
  netpbm
  nuvola-icon-theme
  plasma-dataengines-workspace
  plasma-desktop
  plasma-desktopthemes-artwork
  plasma-runners-addons
  plasma-scriptengine-googlegadgets
  plasma-scriptengine-python
  plasma-scriptengine-qedje
  plasma-scriptengine-ruby
  plasma-scriptengine-webkit
  plasma-scriptengines
  plasma-wallpapers-addons
  plasma-widget-folderview
  plasma-widget-networkmanagement
  ruby
  sweeper
  update-notifier-kde
  xscreensaver-data-extra
  xscreensaver-gl
  xscreensaver-gl-extra
  xscreensaver-screensaver-bsod
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Installed using aptitude, removed with apt-get&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;
  ark
  google-gadgets-common
  google-gadgets-qt
  htdig
  kate
  kdebase-bin
  kdebase-data
  kdepasswd
  kfind
  klipper
  konq-plugins
  konqueror
  ksysguard
  ksysguardd
  libarchive1
  libcln6
  libeet1
  libeina-svn-06
  libggadget-1.0-0b
  libggadget-qt-1.0-0b
  libgps19
  libkdecorations4
  libkephal4
  libkonq4
  libkonqsidebarplugin4a
  libkscreensaver5
  libksgrd4
  libksignalplotter4
  libkunitconversion4
  libkwineffects1a
  libmarblewidget4
  libntrack-qt4-1
  libntrack0
  libplasma-geolocation-interface4
  libplasmaclock4a
  libplasmagenericshell4
  libprocesscore4a
  libprocessui4a
  libqalculate5
  libqedje0a
  libqtruby4shared2
  libqzion0a
  libruby1.8
  libscim8c2a
  libsmokekdecore4-3
  libsmokekdeui4-3
  libsmokekfile3
  libsmokekhtml3
  libsmokekio3
  libsmokeknewstuff2-3
  libsmokeknewstuff3-3
  libsmokekparts3
  libsmokektexteditor3
  libsmokekutils3
  libsmokenepomuk3
  libsmokephonon3
  libsmokeplasma3
  libsmokeqtcore4-3
  libsmokeqtdbus4-3
  libsmokeqtgui4-3
  libsmokeqtnetwork4-3
  libsmokeqtopengl4-3
  libsmokeqtscript4-3
  libsmokeqtsql4-3
  libsmokeqtsvg4-3
  libsmokeqttest4-3
  libsmokeqtuitools4-3
  libsmokeqtwebkit4-3
  libsmokeqtxml4-3
  libsmokesolid3
  libsmokesoprano3
  libtaskmanager4a
  libtidy-0.99-0
  libweather-ion4a
  libxklavier16
  libxxf86misc1
  okteta
  oxygencursors
  plasma-dataengines-addons
  plasma-scriptengine-superkaramba
  plasma-widget-lancelot
  plasma-widgets-addons
  plasma-widgets-workspace
  polkit-kde-1
  ruby1.8
  systemsettings
  update-notifier-common
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Running apt-get autoremove made the results using apt-get and
aptitude a bit more similar, but there are still quite a lott of
differences.  I have no idea what packages should be installed after
the upgrade, but hope those that do can have a look.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Why isn&#39;t Debian Edu using VLC?</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Why_isn_t_Debian_Edu_using_VLC_.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Why_isn_t_Debian_Edu_using_VLC_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 27 Nov 2010 11:30:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;In the latest issue of Linux Journal, the readers choices were
presented, and the winner among the multimedia player were VLC.
Personally, I like VLC, and it is my player of choice when I first try
to play a video file or stream.  Only if VLC fail will I drag out
gmplayer to see if it can do better.  The reason is mostly the failure
model and trust.  When VLC fail, it normally pop up a error message
reporting the problem.  When mplayer fail, it normally segfault or
just hangs.  The latter failure mode drain my trust in the program.&lt;p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But even if VLC is my player of choice, we have choosen to use
mplayer in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian
Edu/Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;.  The reason is simple.  We need a good browser
plugin to play web videos seamlessly, and the VLC browser plugin is
not very good.  For example, it lack in-line control buttons, so there
is no way for the user to pause the video.  Also, when I
&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/BrowserMultimedia&quot;&gt;last
tested the browser plugins&lt;/a&gt; available in Debian, the VLC plugin
failed on several video pages where mplayer based plugins worked.  If
the browser plugin for VLC was as good as the gecko-mediaplayer
package (which uses mplayer), we would switch.&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;p&gt;While VLC is a good player, its user interface is slightly
annoying.  The most annoying feature is its inconsistent use of
keyboard shortcuts.  When the player is in full screen mode, its
shortcuts are different from when it is playing the video in a window.
For example, space only work as pause when in full screen mode.  I
wish it had consisten shortcuts and that space also would work when in
window mode.  Another nice shortcut in gmplayer is [enter] to restart
the current video.  It is very nice when playing short videos from the
web and want to restart it when new people arrive to have a look at
what is going on.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu development gathering and General Assembly for FRiSK</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_development_gathering_and_General_Assembly_for_FRiSK.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_development_gathering_and_General_Assembly_for_FRiSK.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 29 Nov 2010 18:40:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;On friday, the first Debian Edu / Skolelinux
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/Gathering/2010-12-03-05-Oslo&quot;&gt;development
gathering&lt;/a&gt; in a long time take place here in Oslo, Norway.  I
really look forward to seeing all the good people working on the
Squeeze release.  The gathering is open for everyone interested in
learning more about Debian Edu / Skolelinux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;On Saturday, the Norwegian member organization taking care of
organizing these development gatherings, Fri Programvare i Skolen,
will hold its
&lt;a href=&quot;http://friprogramvareiskolen.no/Genfors/2010&quot;&gt;General Assembly
for 2010&lt;/a&gt;.  Membership is open for all, and currently there are 388
people registered as members.  Last year 32 members cast their vote in
the memberdb based election system.  I hope more people find time to
vote this year.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>How to test if a laptop is working with Linux</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_test_if_a_laptop_is_working_with_Linux.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_test_if_a_laptop_is_working_with_Linux.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 22 Dec 2010 14:55:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;The last few days I have spent at work here at the &lt;a
href=&quot;http://www.uio.no/&quot;&gt;University of Oslo&lt;/a&gt; testing if the new
batch of computers will work with Linux.  Every year for the last few
years the university have organised shared bid of a few thousand
computers, and this year HP won the bid.  Two different desktops and
five different laptops are on the list this year.  We in the UNIX
group want to know which one of these computers work well with RHEL
and Ubuntu, the two Linux distributions we currently handle at the
university.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My test method is simple, and I share it here to get feedback and
perhaps inspire others to test hardware as well.  To test, I PXE
install the OS version of choice, and log in as my normal user and run
a few applications and plug in selected pieces of hardware.  When
something fail, I make a note about this in the test matrix and move
on.  If I have some spare time I try to report the bug to the OS
vendor, but as I only have the machines for a short time, I rarely
have the time to do this for all the problems I find.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anyway, to get to the point of this post.  Here is the simple tests
I perform on a new model.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Is PXE installation working?  I&#39;m testing with RHEL6, Ubuntu Lucid
and Ubuntu Maverik at the moment.  If I feel like it, I also test with
RHEL5 and Debian Edu/Squeeze.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Is X.org working?  If the graphical login screen show up after
installation, X.org is working.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Is hardware accelerated OpenGL working?  Running glxgears (in
package mesa-utils on Ubuntu) and writing down the frames per second
reported by the program.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Is sound working?  With Gnome and KDE, a sound is played when
logging in, and if I can hear this the test is successful.  If there
are several audio exits on the machine, I try them all and check if
the Gnome/KDE audio mixer can control where to send the sound.  I
normally test this by playing
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/aktiviteter/20101012-chef/ &quot;&gt;a HTML5
video&lt;/a&gt; in Firefox/Iceweasel.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Is the USB subsystem working?  I test this by plugging in a USB
memory stick and see if Gnome/KDE notices this.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Is the CD/DVD player working?  I test this by inserting any CD/DVD
I have lying around, and see if Gnome/KDE notices this.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Is any built in camera working?  Test using cheese, and see if a
picture from the v4l device show up.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Is bluetooth working?  Use the Gnome/KDE browsing tool to see if
any bluetooth devices are discovered.  In my office, I normally see a
few.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;For laptops, is the SD or Compaq Flash reader working.  I have
memory modules lying around, and stick them in and see if Gnome/KDE
notice this.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;For laptops, is suspend/hibernate working?  I&#39;m testing if the
special button work, and if the laptop continue to work after
resume.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;For laptops, is the extra buttons working, like audio level,
adjusting background light, switching on/off external video output,
switching on/off wifi, bluetooth, etc?  The set of buttons differ from
laptop to laptop, so I just write down which are working and which are
not.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Some laptops have smart card readers, finger print readers,
acceleration sensors etc.  I rarely test these, as I do not know how
to quickly test if they are working or not, so I only document their
existence.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;By now I suspect you are really curious what the test results are
for the HP machines I am testing.  I&#39;m not done yet, so I will report
the test results later.  For now I can report that HP 8100 Elite work
fine, and hibernation fail with HP EliteBook 8440p on Ubuntu Lucid,
and audio fail on RHEL6.  Ubuntu Maverik worked with 8440p.  As you
can see, I have most machines left to test.  One interesting
observation is that Ubuntu Lucid has almost twice the frame rate than
RHEL6 with glxgears.  No idea why.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Inspirerende fra en ukjent Skolelinux-skole</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Inspirerende_fra_en_ukjent_Skolelinux_skole.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Inspirerende_fra_en_ukjent_Skolelinux_skole.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 4 Jan 2011 07:50:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Følgende inspirerende historie fant jeg i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.digi.no/php/ny_debatt.php?id=858869#innlegg_770926&quot;&gt;kommentarfeltet
hos digi.no&lt;/a&gt; i forbindelse med en trist sak om hvordan
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.digi.no/858869/datakaos-etter-linux-satsing&quot;&gt;skolen
i Hemsedal har fått ødelagt&lt;/a&gt; sin Skolelinux-installasjon.  Jeg har
fikset endel åpenbare skrivefeil for lesbarhetens skyld.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lignende situasjon i annen kommune, se bare her:&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;br&gt;av Inspektør Siri (gjest) 

&lt;p&gt;Kommunen min har to omtrent jevnstore tettsteder, og en
ungdomsskole i hvert av tettstedene. Den minste av disse har ca 300
elever og til denne sogner det 3 barneskoler. Den største har ca 350
elever og til denne sogner det 4 barneskoler.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Kommunen har i veldig lang tid forsømt IKT i skolen, og det har
bare blitt gitt smuler i ny og ne. Det er kun den største av
ungdomsskolene som har hatt en skikkelig datapark, og dette takket
være en naturfaglærer som ble lei av å vente på kommunen. Det gjorde
at vi bestemte oss for å ta ting i egne hender, og da vha
skolelinux. En testinstallasjon med 10 gamle PCer ble gjort, og vi så
raskt at dette var veldig lovende. Neste etappe var å gi alle lærere
egen PC på arbeidsplassene sine (2004), og så sette opp 16 PCer på to
datarom. Vi har kun basert oss på å kjøpe inn brukte maskiner, og
aldri dyrere enn 1000 kr pr klient. For to år siden så hadde vi
klienter i alle klasserom, og totalt hadde vi da rundt 250 stk. Rundt
40 klienter brukes av lærerne og kjører på en egen server. Elvene har
resten, og kjører også en egen server. Servere har vi også kjøpt
brukt, 2 år gamle servere koster 6-7000 kroner.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Skolen vår er et relativt gammelt bygg, men en meget dyktig
vaktmester har sammen med IKT-ansvarlig/Naturfaglærer lagt kabler til alle
rom. Gradvis har vi byttet ut billige svitsjer med mer solide saker
som er mulig å fjernstyre.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Vi har i all hovedsak greid å få dette til over eget budsjett, men
vi har også passet på å få penger når de andre skolene har fått
bærbare PCer til lærere osv.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Vår IKT-ansvarlig har gjort (og gjør) en fenomenal jobb, og vi har
en maskinpark som de andre av kommunens skoler bare kan drømme
om.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Så skjer det som ofte skjer. Det kommer en eller annen
selger/blåruss og skal fikse ALT. I vårt tilfelle betyr dette også
sentralisering av drift. Den ny-ansatte på kommunens IT-avdelingen
skal også ha jobb, og ser for seg å ta over skoledriften. Kommunen
kjøper inn eksterne driftstjenester, og nekter i samme slengen å ta
hensyn til skolen vår. Dette til tross for at vi alene har like mange
datamaskiner som de andre til sammen. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Det blir krevd at vi skal innlemmes i de kommunale systemet, og
det er VI som får ansvar for at dette kommer på plass. Og det er her
de horrible tingene begynner å skje. &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Det settes opp en lukket Exchange server som gjør av vi ikke kan
hente epost for våre ansatte. Og det kreves at vi finner løsning på
dette.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Det velges sak arkivsystem som vi pålegges å bruke, noe som gjør
at vi må bruke en terminalløsning mot kommunal server. Ikke i seg selv
et problem i følge IKT-ansvarlig hos oss. Men kommunens IT-avd nektet
faktisk å åpne de porter OSV som vi måtte bruke.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Vi blir pålagt å flytte på innsiden av det kommunale
nettverket. Dette gjorde at vi mistet hjemmekontor for lærere og
elever. Å få åpnet porter i kommunal brannmur var ikke
aktuelt. Mulighet for fjerndrift ble også vekk i samme slengen. &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Vår LMS Moodle er ikke mulig å nå for elevene og lærerne. 

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Den andre ungdomsskolen i kommunen begynner så å kreve at de skal
få bedre datatetthet, og komme opp på et nivå som ligner det vi
har. De ser at vi kan avholde eksamen hvor alle 10. klassingene får
sitte ved hver sin PC. Og de har fått tilbakemelding (klager) fra VGS
om manglende datakompetanse på elevene som kommer fra dem. Dette fører
videre til at kommunen endelig innser at de må ta grep. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Grepet betyr sentralisering, og farvel til vår plattform får vi
høre. Det blir gjort en rekke bestemmelser og vedtak som vi ikke får
være en del av. Det blir helt klart at vi må redusere antall maskiner,
og det skal satses på bærbare maskiner. Siden vi ikke har fått tatt
del i prosessene som angår oss, så bruker vi fagforening. Vi har ikke
blitt hørt i forbindelse med endringer som er betydelig for vår
hverdag, og greier å stoppe omlegging. I tillegg så har vi et politisk
vedtak i kommunen på at vi skal kjøre Linux på elevnett, og dette
vedtaket kan ikke administrasjonen i kommunene helt uten videre
tilsidesette. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I sum har dette gjort at vi har fått jobbe videre i fred. Og en del
runder i kommunens kontrollutvalg har gjort det tydelig at vi har blitt
systematisk motarbeidet. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I dag har de andre skolene fått sine bærbare maskiner til elever og
lærere, men etter 2 år med innkjøring er det fremdeles problemer
her. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Ungdomsskolen med windows kan ikke kjøre eksamen med sine bærbare,
det er for mye arbeid å renske disse for innhold slik at juks ikke er
mulig.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Utskrift er et mareritt, etter sigende pga at utskrift først
sendes til sentral server, og så sendes ut til rett skriver. I snitt
så tar det 7-8 minutter før utskrift starter på enkelte av
skolene.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Trådløst skaper store problemer, og det er i perioder helt umulig
å komme seg på nett. Og lagring på felles server er bare å glemme i
perioder.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi har slitt mye, kranglet og sloss. Ikke med tekniske problemer,
men med omgivelsene rundt som vil oss til livs. Men det har vært verdt
hver dråpe med svette, og timer med irritasjon. Men vi har begynt å få
rutine her nå. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Vi har fremdeles et system som vi styrer helt selv. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vi har vist at argumentet med at vår IKT-ansvarlig kan finne seg annen jobb ikke holder mål. Vi har kjøpt driftskonto hos et firma i tilfelle krise, og vi har kjørt opplæring på flere av de yngre lærerne. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vi har til enhver tid en lærling IKT driftsfag, og velger selvsagt ut dem som satser på Linux. Vi har nå begynt å få tilbake av våre tidligere elever som vil til oss nettopp fordi vi har Linux.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vi har vist at vi greier å opprettholde en dobbelt så stor datapark som naboskolen, og det til en billigere penge. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vi har datastøtte og support på huset, ALLTID tilgjengelig. De andre skolene må vente flere dager hvis det ikke er noe kritisk. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vår IKT-ansvarlig har 50% stilling som lærer og 50% som IKT-ansvarlig. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vi har en lærer på hvert trinn som har 3 timer i uka til å drive support/støtte til de andre lærerne. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vi opplever at de yngste lærerne ved den andre ungdomsskolen ønsker seg over til oss. &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi skal i løpet av året starte prosess med å planlegge ny skole, og vi har fått gjennomslag for at jeg (inspektør) og IKT-ansvarlig skal ha det fulle og hele ansvar for IKT/Infrastruktur. Begrunnelsen vår som ble avgjørende her, var at IT-avd i kommunen ikke kan noe om data i skolen. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Beklager hvis dette ble litt usammenhengende, men det ble tastet i
fei, og jeg har ikke lest gjennom&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det kom raskt et lite svar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SV: Lignende situasjon i annen kommune, se bare her:&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;br&gt;av captain_obvious&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Inspirerende å lese. Har dere gjort noe for å fortelle denne
historien videre?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hadde vært svært interessant om dere tok kontakt med dokument 2 eller
lignende for å fortelle hvordan det egentlig står til med
IT-satsningen i kommune-Norge. Om ikke annet kan du begynner med å
raffinere innlegget ditt og få en gjesteartikkel på digi.no&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Og deretter en lengre oppfølging.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SV: Lignende situasjon i annen kommune, se bare her:&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;br&gt;av Inspektør Siri (gjest) 
 
&lt;p&gt;Joda, vi har lekt med tanken, og vi har t.o.m skrevet flere lengre
leserinnlegg myntet på aviser. Disse er ikke sendt til aviser, men
brukt internt i forbindelse med møter med kommune. Vår IKT-ansvarlig
har også truet med å si opp jobben sin hvis det ikke ble tatt hensyn i
større grad enn hva som har vært tilfelle. VI kan også dokumentere
flere brudd på anbudsregler, og vi kjenner til at relativt store
IT-leverandører som ikke har fått tatt del i disse anbudene, rett og
slett ikke tør melde fra av redsel for å få et dårlig rykte. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Alt ser ut til å roe seg ned, og vi har fått opp øynene på
politikerne. I sum gjør dette at vi ikke ønsker for mye publisitet nå,
det vil bare rote til igjen. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg glemte å nevne at vi nå nesten ikke bruker tid på å drifte
systemet vårt, noe som gjør at det aller meste av tid blir brukt til å
støtte lærerne og elevene. F.eks så bruker vår IKT-ansvarlig den
første timen på jobb, 0730-0830 kun til å gå ute på arbeidsplassene
til læreren. Dette for å kunne svare på små og store problem, gi tips
og råd, eller bare for å plukke opp hva som er behovet ute i
undervisningsarealene. Det er dessverre ikke slik at alle lærerne har
nok digital kompetanse til å kunne formulere alle spørsmålene de har,
men ved å kunne få vise eller lufte tanker med IKT-ansvarlig så er det
utrolig hva som kommer fram. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Jeg ser at mange bruker økonomi som argument i forhold til å bruke
SkoleLinux, og jeg skal ikke legge skjul på at det var dette som i
utgangspunktet var årsaken til vårt valg. Men diskusjonene og kampen
med kommunens IT-avdeling har gjort at vi har fått et noe annet
fokus. Fordelene med drift og stabilitet, gjør at vi ville ha valgt
samme løsning selv om den var dyrere. At vi slipper langt billigere
unna, som følge av 0,- lisenskostnader og lave maskinvarekostnader, er
bare en bonus. &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Etter å ha kranglet oss til å få skikkelig oversikt over hva de
andre skolene i kommunen bruker på IT, så har vi fått gehør for å få
samme midler til innkjøp. Dette har gjort at vi nå kan kjøpe inn
utstyr som de andre skolene bare kan se langt etter. Vi har nettopp
kjøpt inn 3 videokamera i semiproff-klassen for å kunne lage film,
samt sende live fra skoleteater/konserter. Vi har kjøpt inn digitale
kompaktkamera til alle klassene. Vi har et team av lærere som skal i
gang med å teste ut tablets på svake elever. Håpet et at teknologien
kan være med på å gi noen av elevene litt mer motivasjon. Vi har kjøpt
inn et halvt klassesett med pulsklokker, noe som har vist seg å være
overraskende inspirerende for en del av elevene. Vi har også oss på
fag på en høyskole litt lengre sør for oss, slik at 3 av oss nå skal
ta faget &quot;Linux tjenestedrift&quot;. Som inspektør og en del av skolens
administrasjon er det veldig praktisk å kunne trå til hvis det
kniper. Men IKT-ansvarlig har vært UTROLIG flink til å lage rene
smørbrødlister for hvordan de mest vanlige driftsproblem løses, så det
er lett for flere av oss å ta del i den daglige driften. Vi har svært
stor nytte av lærling (som også hjelper to av naboskolene), men det er
nesten blitt slik at det er om å gjøre å komme til først for å få løse
problem. Det å få fingrene på problem og utfordringer er den aller
beste læremester. &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Når vi nå tar til med planlegging av ny skole, så vil det være med
tanke på at det skal være mulig med datautstyr på alle plasser. Vi
kommer i all hovedsak til å legge kabel til alle tenkelige og
utenkelige plasser. WiFi koster tilnærmet NULL å sette opp i
ettertid.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi har ikke vært noe flink til å bidra til SkoleLinux-prosjektet,
vi har rett og slett vært for opptatt med vår egen kamp. Vi har hentet
mye inspirasjon fra diskusjoner som har gått i det miljøet, og vi
håper at vi nå framover kan få tid til å bidra. Vi er i ferd med å
bytte ut en av serverne våre, og da vil denne trolig bli satt opp som
testserver for neste versjon av Skolelinux. På den måten vil vi i alle
fall kunne gi tilbakemeldinger og rapportere feil. I tillegg så vil
det kanskje gi oss noen nye utfordringer, for som lærlingen vår sier:
&quot;Skolelinux er noe herk, det skjer jo ikke noe galt og hvordan skal
jeg da lære?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er veldig hyggelig å høre at
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; fungerer så bra i
skoleverdagen etter å ha jobbet med det i 10 år.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Arnt Ove Gregersen</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Arnt_Ove_Gregersen.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Arnt_Ove_Gregersen.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 9 Jan 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Inspirert av
&lt;a href=&quot;http://raphaelhertzog.com/tag/interview/&quot;&gt;intervjurunden&lt;/a&gt;
som Raphael Hertzog har startet med folk i Debianprosjektet, fikk jeg
lyst til å gjøre det samme med folk i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinuxprosjektet&lt;/a&gt;.  Håpet
er at de som til daglig bidrar til å fremme fri programvare i
skoleverket og utvikler en linux-distribusjon spesiallaget for
skolebruk kan bli bedre kjent og kanskje inspirere flere til å bidra
til Skolelinux-prosjektet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Først ut er nyvalgt leder i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&quot;&gt;foreningen FRISK&lt;/a&gt; som
organiserer utviklingen av Skolelinux-distribusjonen.  FRISK trenger
alltid flere medlemmer, så
&lt;a href=&quot;http://medlem.friprogramvareiskolen.no/index.php?page=signup&quot;&gt;meld
deg gjerne inn&lt;/a&gt; hvis du vil støtte oss.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;!-- Mitt navn er Arnt Ove Gregersen, jeg er en småbarnfar på 32 år som
for tiden bor Trondheim. --&gt;
Mitt navn er Arnt Ove Gregersen, jeg er 32 år og bor for tiden i Trondheim.

Her jobber jeg som systemutvikler i et firma
som heter &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.geomatikk-ikt.no/&quot;&gt;Geomatikk IKT AS&lt;/a&gt;,
hvor jeg er på et Vegmeldings-prosjekt for Statens Vegvesen. På
fritiden er jeg styreleder i FRISK (Fri programvare i skolen) og
bidrar til bl.a. Skolelinux-prosjektet når jeg får tid til det. Det er
primært hjemmesiden til Skolelinux-prosjektet og
&lt;a href=&quot;http://linuxveiviseren.no/&quot;&gt;Linux-veiviseren&lt;/a&gt; jeg har
jobbet med her, men jeg har også gjort en del arbeid i forhold til
FRISK sin hjemmeside.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg var på en presentasjon av prosjektet i regi av Knut Yrvin på
Gløshaugen i Trondheim, hvor jeg fattet stor interesse for prosjektet
og ville hjelpe til så godt jeg kunne.  Dette var vel i 2002 eller
2003.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg hadde fra før hørt om prosjektet fra før og syntes tanken bak var
ganske fin, men hadde ikke noen interesse av bruke min egen fritid på
det selv.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I etterkant av presentasjonen startet jeg og noen andre fra
Trondheim &quot;Skolelinux-prosjektet i Sør-Trøndelag&quot; . Hvor vi var med å
bidra til at Trondheim kommune satte igang Selsbakk ungdomskole som et
pilotprosjekt med Skolelinux, som egentlig var og er en stor suksess,
men det virker ut som det ikke skjer noe mer på. I tillegg var vi med
på dugnad på Brundalen videregående skole hvor vi installerte
Skolelinux som såvidt jeg vet fortsatt kjører på Skolelinux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det bygger på fri programvare og har lav kostnad i forhold til
nytteverdien. Dette fordi det har forholdsvis lav inngangsum og bruker
en arkitektur med sentral-drift som gir mange driftfordeler.  I
tillegg vil det kunne frigjøre kostnader for skolene slik at de kan
bruke dem til å ansette f,eks flere lærere om det er ønskelig.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;P&gt;Ikke all pedagogisk programvare er tilgjengelig der, som f.eks
Drillpro om jeg ikke husker feil.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Til utvikling av Java-applikasjoner og Android bruker jeg Eclipse og
Quanta til web-utvikling via php. For all bildebehandling bruker jeg
GIMP og Blender til 3d-modellering . Dessverre har Blender en bratt
læringskurve i starten, men det er absolutt verdt det.

&lt;p&gt;Til musikk bruker jeg stort Rhytmbox. Firefox til surfing på nettet og
Thunderbird og Evolution til e-post,

&lt;p&gt;På database-siden bruker jeg PostgreSQL, Postgis og av og til Mysql.

&lt;p&gt;Når jeg får tid til å spille bruker jeg som regel et strategi-spill
som er basert på TA Spring-motoren (springrts.com), her er det et
veldig bra utvalg av gratis spill som er av høy kvalitet. Veldig lett
å bli hektet :)&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Viggo Fedreheim</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Viggo_Fedreheim.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Viggo_Fedreheim.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 12 Jan 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Jeg fortsetter min intervjuserie med folk i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinuxprosjektet&lt;/a&gt;.  Denne
gang er det en av folkene som har vært med lenge og som har tatt i
bruk Skolelinux på alle skolene i Narvik kommune som skal i ilden.
Han er styremedlem i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&quot;&gt;foreningen
FRISK&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mitt navn er Viggo Fedreheim, og jeg er pedagogisk og teknisk
IKT-veileder for alle skoler i Narvik kommune.  Jeg drifter totalt 17
servere basert på Skolelinux og Debian. Jeg holder i tillegg noen kurs
mellom all driftingen. For tiden arbeider jeg med en sentral
LDAP-tjener for alle skoleservere samt våre Moodle- og
Joomla-installasjoner.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Gjennom en eller annen nettavis i 2001 der var det skrevet om
Skolelinux.  Artikkelen ga meg lyst til å prøve ut systemet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det startet i 2002 ved at jeg installerte en av de første utgavene
av Skolelinux på en standard pc på Solneset skole i Tromsø.  Denne var
oppe fram til desember 2003 da jeg sluttet på den skolen og begynte i
ny jobb i Narvik kommune.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; I Narvik kommune var det i 2004 kun 2 servere på da totalt 15
skoler. Disse var Windows NT baserte. På disse to skolene var det lite
med maskiner.  Jobben med å få Narvik Kommune opp på akseptabelt nivå
virket å være formidabel.  Men med hjelp av gode kollegaer og leder
skrev jeg en IKT plan for Narvik kommune som ble vedtatt av politikere
i august 2004. I denne planen ble det bestemt at Narvik kommune skulle
bruke Skolelinux.  Her ble det også satt av midler til kabling av god
infrastruktur på alle skoler samt innkjøp av nye datamaskiner.  Så i
dag har vi 17 servere hvorav 13 er på Skolelinux, med ca 1500 klienter
basert på tynne, &quot;halvtykke&quot; og et stort antall bærbare pcer basert på
Kubuntu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lisenskostnader, driftkostnader og hardwarekrav som er mye lavere
enn for andre systemer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pedagogiske programvare som ikke fungerer mot Linux. En Stoooor
flaskehals og som gjør at Linux kanskje ikke blir valgt andre
plasser.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Eksempler er Relemo, Lindys (lingit sine programmer), 5plus
(matematikk).  Disse er programmer som ikke lar seg kjøre i Linux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Men det ser ut for at mange leverandører går over til mer
nettbaserte programmer istedet for å installere lokalt.  Dette med
enkelte leverandører som ikke kan levere programmer til Linux er et
lite problem og over tid tror jeg at denne barrieren er borte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Kjører Kubuntu på laptoper, Debian squeeze på stasjonær
kontorpc. Ut over dette arbeder jeg svært mye via konsoll mot andre
servere.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Embrik Kaslegard</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Embrik_Kaslegard.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Embrik_Kaslegard.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 16 Jan 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Neste ut i min intervjuserie med folk i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinuxprosjektet&lt;/a&gt; er
lærer, mangeårig bidragsyter på epostlistene og tidligere
Skolelinux-administrator på en skole i Hemsedal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Embrik Kaslegard, 1964-modell, fire barn (7-20 år). Begynte som
lærer i 1989 - har hatt IKT-ansvar siden første året i jobb. Har
jobbet som lærer/IKT-ansvarlig uavbrutt siden 1989. Jobbet med
Skolelinux fra 2004 til 2010. Nå har jeg fått ny arbeidsplass og er
40% lærer og 60% IKT med Windows XP, Win2003 server og et regionalt
IKT-regime som legger premissene og begrensingene for hva vi kan gjøre
på skolen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg leste en artikkel om en dugnadsinstallasjon av Skolelinux på en
skole på Jæren et sted. Tanken om dugnad og frihet appellerte til
meg. Da vi skulle bygge ny skole var det en del vi måtte spare på,
fordi vi beveget oss mot en kostnadssprekk. Kabling og investering i
PC-er var en av tingene vi sparte på. Derfor kjøpe vi 72 pc-er for 390
pr stk. En filtjener og en applikasjonsserver.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fordelen er at så mye er satt opp fra starten. I tillegg er det
tydelig at pakka er laga for skoleverket. Brukerne har egne
skrivebord, tilgang på mange gode verktøyprogrammer. Vi slipper å
tenke på virus. Brukerne har ikke mulighet til å ødelegge
klientoppsett, men har gode muligheter til å endre eget oppsett. Dette
tror jeg er inspirerende og kjekt for mange brukere.  Mappestrukturen
er ferdig og det er &quot;enkelt&quot; å designe lokale mappestrukturer via
skeleton.  Noen av oss i skoleverket mener skolen skal være en
&quot;mot-kultur&quot;. Da er Skolelinux et av valgene man kan ta. Et annet er å
spise på indisk restaurant i stedet for Mc Donald&#39;s når vi er på bytur
osv.. Ordene deling, frihet, dugnad osv er positive ord i
skoleverket. Det er viktig at elevene blir bevisst dette.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Kompabiliteten er selvsagt et problem, selv om det er mindre nå enn
før.  For IKT-personer på skolene som skal drifte dette er det
problematisk med kommandoer i terminalen.  I tillegg er det alt for
mange programmer i Skolelinux som ikke blir brukt.  Jeg tror
Skolelinux er tjent med å tone ned begrepet pedagogisk programvare.
Slik jeg ser det finnes ikke denne kategorien programmer lengre slik
de gjorde før, som frittsående programmer som installeres på en
datamaskin eller på serveren.  Det finnes en del spesialpedagogiske
programmer, som Textpilot, LingDys, LingRight, AskiRaski, Ny i Norge
osv.  Men dette er programmer for enkelt-elever eller små grupper av
elever.  Det som bør være fokus er at alle undervisningsressurser som
lages for nettet skal være nettleseruavhengig.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;OpenOffice bruker jeg til vanlig kontorarbeide.  VLC bruker jeg som
videoavspiller og av og til streaming av film.  Gimp bruker jeg i
undervisningen til bildemanipulering. Firefox og Chrome er mine
favoritt-nettlesere.  Firefox har lenge vært førstevalget mitt, nå
bruker jeg mest Chrome.  Opplever den som raskere og smidigere enn
Firefox.  Ubuntu bruker jeg som dualboot på jobb-maskinen min i
tillegg til at alle PCer hjemme har en eller annen Ubuntu-distribusjon
installert.  Jeg bruker Clonezilla på Ubuntu 10.04 til kloning av
datamaskiner på jobb.  Det er selvsagt en haug andre frie programmer
jeg bruker men jeg bruker dem ikke daglig.  Jeg kan ramse opp:
recordmydesktop, cinelerra, acidrip, soundjuicer, audacity, NX
(no-machine), Kino, Rythmbox...&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg tror oppsøkende virksomhet er den rette strategien.
Ressurspersoner gjør avtaler med rådmenn, skolesjefer, rektorer.  Det
er slik konkurrentene gjør det.  Fokuset i slike samtaler bør være
kost-nytte.  Dersom personer med økonomisk ansvar ser at de kan få
like godt tilbud til mindre utgifter, tror jeg det er mulighet til å
få innpass.  Dersom de også kan få konkrete tilbud på drift i slike
samtaler, vil de kanskje bli litt mer interesserte i hvor mye penger
som faktisk går til IKT i skolene.  Det er også viktig at vi ikke
firer for mye på krav til datamaskiner.  Det er flott at Skolelinux
går på &quot;utrangert&quot; utstyr, men dette bør bare presenteres som et
alternativ.  Skolelinux-installasjoner med utrangert utstyr er ikke å
foretrekke dersom man kan unngå det. Det skaper ikke entusiasme hos
brukerne (elever og lærere) når de bruker gamle datamaskiner som går
tregt.  Det er kjempefint med skoler som har kommet seg frem til
Skolelinux og fri programvare av seg selv, men de lever på nåde.
Slike valg må fundamenteres hos skoleeier.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Oppdatering 2011-01-16 22:40: Oppdatert svarene for de tre siste
spørsmålene litt mer tekst fra Embrik.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Sturle Sunde</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Sturle_Sunde.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Sturle_Sunde.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 19 Jan 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Denne gang har jeg fått tak i en mangeårig unix-mann som etter
mange år ved Universitetet i Oslo, der jeg først traff ham, har
flyttet tilbake til vestlandet, og der bidratt til å revitalisere
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-oppsettet i
Florø.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sturle Sunde, ansvarleg for skulenettet i Flora kommune.  Eg driv,
vidareutviklar og er andrelinje brukarstøtte for datanettet ved
skulane i Flora kommune.  10 skular og meir enn 700 maskiner med
Linux, medrekna tynnklientar.  Tidlegare jobba eg i mange år med
unix-drift ved Universitetets senter for informasjonsteknologi ved
Universitetet i Oslo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er vanskeleg å svare konkret på.  Eg har drive med Unix og Linux i
alle år, og Skulelinux er eit godt kjent prosjekt i miljøet.  Det var
først i 2008, då eg tok til i min noverande jobb, at eg fekk bruk for
Skulelinux for alvor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jobben min skulle vere drift av eit nytt skulenett i Flora kommune,
levert av eit firma eg ikkje vil reklamere for.  Systemet skulle vere
ferdig levert i september året før.  Dette viste seg å ta mykje lenger
tid, og i haustferien 2008 hadde dei endå ikkje klart å få opp ei
fungerande løysing.  Situasjonen var prekær for den største skulen i
kommunen med meir enn 500 elevar på ungdomssteget.  Skulen hadde brukt
Skulelinux før, og var tilfredse med det.  No hadde dei vore utan
fungerande datasystem i nesten eit år.  Difor fekk eg opp ein ny tenar
utanfor prosjektet og installerte Skulelinux på den.  Etter litt
justering av konfigurasjonen med god hjelp av #skolelinux på IRC, var
den nye tenaren oppe og gjekk med både tynne og halv-tjukke klientar.
Autentisering gjekk mot det nye systemet, slik at elevar og lærarar
framleis har same brukarnamn og passord over alt.  Dette berre
fungerte, og vi bestemte oss for å erstatte delar av løysinga vi
skulle få levert med Skulelinux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det høyrer med til historia at det nye systemet eg skulle drive frå
januar 2008 endå ikkje er ferdig levert.  Dei jobbar med saka, seier
dei, og har von om å fullføre leveransen i løpet av 2011.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er veldig mange.  Eg skal ta nokre få.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Den viktigaste fordelen er at det igrunn berre er ei maskin å passe
på, og det er tenaren.  Med andre løysingar har ein gjerne programvare
og anna som skal vedlikehaldast på kvar enkelt maskin.  Med Skulelinux
kan alle feil rettast og alle program oppgraderast på alle maskiner
samstundes ved å gjere endringa som må til på tenaren.  Eg kan sitje
på kontoret og passe på alle tenarane i kommunen derifrå.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Tynne klientar gjer det mogleg å bruke eldre utstyr lenge, so lenge
tenaren er sterk nok.  Ein liten tenar med eit par halv-moderne CPUar
og 2 GiB RAM held lenge for eit typisk klasserom med 30 tynnklientar,
og det er lett å utvide med fleire.

&lt;li&gt;Halvtjukke klientar gjer det mogleg å utnytte kapasiteten i litt
nyare maskiner betre, og avlaste tenaren.  Ingenting vert installert
lokalt på desse heller, og harddisken kan gjerne koblast frå.  Gode
halvtjukke klientar kan kjøpast brukt for under 1000-lappen, og det er
heile kostnaden.  Ingen lisensar eller anna på toppen, og det er ikkje
krav til kraftigare tenar heller.

&lt;li&gt;Det er Linux.  Vi har ikkje noko kluss med drivarar, dei berre er
der.  Heller ikkje med virus, dei finst i realiteten ikkje.  Eller med
elevar som klussar med installert programvare, for dei klarar ikkje å
øydeleggje for nokon andre enn seg sjølve.

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skulelinux er lagt opp til å vere veldig lett å installere rett ut
av boksen på ein heil skule av ein interessert lærar.  Det er ofte ei
god løysing for skulen.  Å ha nokon til stades som kjenner systemet og
kan forklare enkle ting eller løyse problem der og då, er uvurderleg
viktig for ein stressa lærar fem minutt før det ringer inn.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;All den ferdige konfigurasjonen gjer det tungvint å tilpasse
Skulelinux til eit system som skal fungere saman med mange andre
installasjonar i eit felles datanett for skulane i ein kommune.  Det
heile er prekonfigurert for ein skule, og utviding til mange skular
med eigne tenarar er ikkje berre enkelt.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Eg brukar mest alle små hjelpeprogram som føl med operativsystemet,
samt scriptspråket perl.  Elles er Firefox/Iceweasel, Gnome-terminal
og ssh i kontinuerleg bruk.  Av Linux-distribusjonar brukar eg både
Debian, Ubuntu, SuSE og RedHat dagleg.  Eg prøvar å finne det verktyet
som passar best til kvar del av jobben.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er to målgrupper ein må sikte mot.  Det eine er alle skulane som
manglar eller har eit lite tilfredsstillande opplegg i dag, og ikkje
har råd til å kjøpe noko nytt og blankpussa opplegg.  Der er det om å
gjere å gjere det enkelt for skulane å finne Skulelinux, og gjere det
enkelt for dei å få hjelp til installasjon på skulen.  Gjerne med
lokale kontaktpersonar.  Her er det dugnadsinnsats som må til, for
desse skulane har ikkje råd til å betale for dette.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Den andre og kanskje viktigare målgruppa er dei meir eller mindre
profesjonelle kundane.  Alle store offentlege innkjøp, inkludert
innkjøp av nytt datasystem for skular, må ut på offentleg anbod.
Offentlege anbod er mykje meir lukka enn dei gjev inntrykk av, og både
regelboka og boka med triks for å sminke tilbodet er tjukk.  Det er
vanskeleg å komme inn utan eit solid salsapparat i ryggen.  Kanskje
Skulelinux skulle prøve aktivt å få seg eit partnarskap med eit av dei
store som gjerne vil sterkare inn på den offentlege IT-marknaden?
Nokon som kjenner triksa og har krefter til å ta opp kampen mot både
dårlege anbod og Rudolf Blostrupmoen IT AS.  Leveranse til skulane i
ein kommune er ein god måte å få ein fot inn døra som leverandør til
ein lukrativ kommunemarknad som kjøper alle tenester.  Ta kontakt med
nokon som er passeleg store og ikkje er Microsoft-partnar, og fortell:
«Vi har eit ferdig produkt som du kan selje.  Nei vi skal ikkje ha for
det.  Du kan gjerne gjere kva du vil med det, berre vi får lov til å
hjelpe deg.  Målgruppa er alle kommunar, og det er noko dei vil ha.
Det er eit godt produkt, brukt av mange og godt likt.»&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Morten Amundsen</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Morten_Amundsen.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Morten_Amundsen.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 23 Jan 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Denne gangen er det Tromsøkontoret til Friprog-senteret, og nyvalgt
styremedlem i &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&quot;&gt;foreningen
FRISK&lt;/a&gt; jeg har fått i tale i min intervjuserie med
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-folk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg heter Morten Amundsen og jobber i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprog.no/&quot;&gt;Friprog.no&lt;/a&gt;, men er for tiden leid
ut til &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bredbandsfylket.no/&quot;&gt;Bredbåndsfylket
Troms&lt;/a&gt; der jeg jobber med ett prosjekt som heter
&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bredbandsfylket.no/skolefjoela.157417.no.html&quot;&gt;Skolefjøla&lt;/a&gt;&quot;
Vi ser på en åpen løsning som integrerer eksisterende lukkete
løsninger sammen med fri programvare. Målet er å gi elever og lærere
en plattform som de kan tilpasse utfra behov.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skolelinux har jeg møtt ved flere anledninger opp gjennom åra, både gjennom
entusiastiske skolelinuxbrukere og skeptiske &quot;forståsegpåere&quot; :-)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg husker en leverandør av et stort OS for noen år siden mente at
Skolelinux var kun for hackere og nerder og at ingen seriøse skoler
kunne ta dette i bruk.  Heldigvis er kunnskapen større nå og
skikkelige &quot;IT-folk&quot; søker alltid å utvide sin kunnskap.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ja det er mange fordeler. Uavhengighet, stabilitet, åpenhet, standarder
osv. Tror det er viktig at man ikke begrenser mulighetene på den plattformen
elevene skal jobbe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det største hinderet er det vi opplever på andre områder rundt
fri programvare, nemlig kunnskap. For mange er det trygt å velge det vi
alltid har valgt. Fordi leverandørene rundt oss sitter på den kunnskapen og
de vi støtter oss på har den samme.  Hvis vi klarer å riste løs litt og
glemme gamle kriger mellom operativsystemer og  leverandører, men sette ned
hva som er viktig og velge ut fra det, så hadde man kanskje kommet ut med
litt andre resultat. Jeg tror IT-folk er konservative og velger tradisjonelt
og det er synd.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg bruker Ubuntu, Android, Jolicloud, Open Office, Zimbra, Picasa
og Firefox samt en bråte med tjenester som er webbasert. Det eneste
som er betalingslisens for er OSX.  Ser at jeg jobber mer og mer i
skyen og setter pris på alt jeg slipper egen klient til.  Derfor er
jeg veldig sjarmert av små kjappe operativsystemer som krever minimalt
av maskinvaren.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tror en blanding av krav og informasjon er veien å gå. Krav om
sikkerhet, oppetid og åpne standarder.  Informasjon om muligheter og
alternativer. Her har leverandører, IT-avdelinger og pedagoger en vei
å gå sammen. Det er til slutt LÆRING det dreier seg om, og da må man
få mest mulig læring for pengene man har.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Rubén Romero y Cordero</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Rub_n_Romero_y_Cordero.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Rub_n_Romero_y_Cordero.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 16 Feb 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Styret i foreningen som organiserer skolelinux-utviklersamlinger,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&quot;&gt;FRISK&lt;/a&gt;, er fullt av
flinke folk.  Denne gangen har jeg fått et ferskt styremedlem som
kommer fra Ubuntu-miljøet i tale.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Rubén Romero y Cordero, 81-modell, deltidspappa (50%) for en jente
på 6 år. Jobber i Oslo som Global Sales Executive hos Varnish Software
og til daglig har jeg kontakt med kunder fra hele verden. Min
forkjærlighet for fri programvare har gjort at jeg har nå flere års
erfaring med salg av slike løsninger (bl.a. fra Redpill Linpro og
Freecode) og mye innsikt og kunnskap om det globale IT-markedet.
Ellers er jeg involvert i flere prosjekter bl.a. er jeg Ubuntu
Community medlem, kontaktpersonen for Ubuntu Norge og driveren av
SpreadUbuntu marketing prosjektet og nå fersk styremedlem i FRISK. Jeg
har brukt GNU/Linux siden 1997.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Som Debian bruker siden slutten av 90-tallet var det uunngåelig å
ikke komme bort i Skolelinux. Dette var vel i slutten av 2001 når jeg
var student ved UiO. Flere år senere fikk jeg lastet og testet Venus
(Skolelinux 1.0) på release dagen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fri programvare bygges sten for sten i det åpne, slik at koden og
prosessen den lages på kan gjennomskues av andre enn de som har laget
det. Det er et vitenskapelig og gjennomsiktig måte å lage programvare
på.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skoler i vårt samfunn skal være steder hvor vitenskapelig kunnskap
deles til alle.  I dag har vi ikke et vitenskapelig tilnærming til
hvordan programvaren som brukes på skolen lages. Skolelinux bringer
inn at slik tilnærming i skoleverkets klasserom, siden
operativsystemet er en åpent platform som gir skolene muligheten til å
dra nytte av programvare som er laget av tusenvis av mennesker verden
rundt og som gir elevene så vel som lærerne muligheten til å bruke,
dele, forandre og forbedre OSet sitt uten begrensninger. I den
forbindelsen representerer Skolelinux også konkrete resultater utfra
samhandling på tvers av grenser.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Når det gjelder de tekniske fordelene av Skolelinux er jeg sikker
på at andre enn meg har allerede beskrevet disse bedre enn det jeg
kan.  Men jeg kan likevel tilføye noe: Skolelinux som sådan er en
community-drevet operativsystemplatform. Som i ethvert
community-prosjekt har alle Skolelinux brukere muligheten til å
påvirke retning av prosjektet og resultatet som gjenspeiles i
programvaren. Dette kommer sjeldent frem og jeg mener at det er noe
som burde fokuseres mer på.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;De største ulempene er:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mangel på kompetanse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mangel av administrative verktøy som kunne hjelpe lokale IT
  avdelinger å bruke Skolelinux til mer enn bare en tjener for
  terminalklienter. Et eksempel: Zentyal sin web-dashboard.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bedre og mer intuitive administrative verktøy kunne løst deler av
problemet, men det er unektelig at ved bruk av Skolelinux må
IT-personalet vite hva de gjør for å få ting gjort riktig, eller i det
hele tatt. Med andre platformer er kompetansen enklere tilgjengelig og
løsningene kan fungere på en tilfredstillende, om ikke riktig
måte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Har brukt GNU/Linux utelukkende sommitt skrivebord OS siden 2000. I
dag bruker jeg Ubuntu og gjør det meste med friprogramvare verktøyene
som er tilgjengelige der. Med over 20.000 programmer å velge mellom er
dette mer enn nok for de fleste brukerne.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Opplysning og pragmatikk.  Vi prøver å løse problemer med bruk av
programvare. De fleste utfordringene skolene har på IKT-siden kan
løses ved hjelp av friprogramvareverktøy i dag. Det som trenges er
opplysning, kunnskap og kompetanse.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Astri Sletteng</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Astri_Sletteng.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Astri_Sletteng.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 27 Feb 2011 12:50:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;En dame som har bidratt lenge til fri programvare i skoleverket og
i foreningen som organiserer skolelinux-utviklersamlinger,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&quot;&gt;FRISK&lt;/a&gt;, er neste
intervjuoffer.  Det er en glede å her presentere en lærer fra Håkvik.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg heter Astri Sletteng. Jeg er lærer og IKT veileder ved Håkvik
skole i Narvik kommune.  Min bakgrunn når det gjelder IKT: Av formell
utdannelse har jeg lærerutdanning, Master i skoleledelse og IKT for
lærere. Har jobba som IKT veileder siden 2002.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det viktigste for meg som IKT veileder er å få fundamentert den
5. basisferdigheten, digital kompetanse ved skolen min på en god måte
slik at hele skolesamfunnet tar i bruk IKT i alle fag. Dette arbeidet
gjøres i nært samarbeid med skolens ledelse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Min viktigste jobb som IKT veileder er å være motivator og pådriver
i IKT arbeidet ved skolen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jobber i en kommune hvor vi satser på Fri programvare. I 2004 ble
det gjort et politisk vedtak om at vi skulle innføre Skolelinux ved
alle skolene i kommunen. Jeg har dermed en god del erfaring med
Skolelinux, samt annen fri programvare som Open Office, Joomla, Moodle
etc.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Siden vi jobber med åpen kildekode kan vi få programmene og
produktene tilpasset vår bruk. Det er jo heller ikke en ulempe at
skolen kommer bedre ut økonomisk, men først og fremst er det viktig
for oss at vi har digitale systemer som gjør at vi kan følge
læreplanen i alle fag. Det syns jeg at vi kan gjøre gjennom
Skolelinux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skolen er avhengige av å ha folk på IT avdelinga i kommunen som kan
drive support, og være tilgjengelige når vi trenger hjelp. Det er en
ulempe at ikke alle på denne avdelingen nødvendigvis er god på
Linux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi har også noen utfordringer når det kommer til spesielle
programmer som enkelte elever er avhengige av ? og som ikke er
plattform uavhengige. Her har vi i Friprog-verden, men også
departement en jobb å gjøre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skolen vår bruker Skolelinux, Open Office, Iceweazel (Mozilla),
VLC, Tux paint, Scribus, FreeMind, GIMP, digiKam, Ksnapshot, GeoGebra,
Moodle (innført på alle klassetrinn + som et administrativt verktøy)
og Joomla som hjemmeside.&lt;p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er de jeg kommer på i farten. I tillegg har vi Smartboard
installert på server, men det regnes vel ikke som fri programvare?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Først og fremst trenger skolen oppetider på sine datasystemer. Syns
også at det at vi kan få tilpasset plattform og systemer til vår bruk
er en god strategi å bruke.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Odin Hetland Nøsen</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Odin_Hetland_N_sen.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Odin_Hetland_N_sen.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2011 13:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Mine bloggposter om Linux i skolene i Norge førte til at inspektør
og ildsjel på Harestad skole tok kontakt og fortalte at de bruker
Linux på sin skole, og lurte på om de kunne bidra til å gjøre
fordelene kjent.  Riktig nok bruker de ikke
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; på denne skolen,
men jeg synes dette er en god anledning til å gjøre flere fasetter
rundt Linux-økosystemet kjent, og tok et lite intervju.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mitt navn er Odin Hetland Nøsen og er en 70-modell. Jeg er bosatt i
Stavanger og jobber nå på 9. året som undervisninginspektør på
Harestad skole i Randaberg kommune (nabokommune til Stavanger).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I 2002 begynte daværende IKT-ansvarlige og jeg et arbeid på skolen
med å gå over fra Win98 til... noe annet. Vi testet en rekke
forskjellige løsninger, deriblant Skolelinux, men endte opp med
RedHat. Skolelinux var den gang ikke modent for det vi ville ha.  Jeg
har siden fulgt jevnlig med på hva skolelinux holder på med, men har
hele tiden vært bedre fornøyd med vår egen &quot;standardiserte&quot; løsning på
RedHat/CentOS og Fedora. Vi snuser for tiden på Ubuntu som løsning på
klientsiden.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I dag har vi på skolen vår en større linux-løsning med 400 klienter
som kjører en blanding av LTSP (tynnklient) og DRBL (tykk klient uten
harddisk) med en masse tjenere på serverrommet. Vi drifter hele
sulamitten selv med webtjener, eposttjener, webmail, filtjenere,
virtuelle tjenere osv.  Og IT-ansvarlig har en 80% stilling som
IT-ansvarlig - og så er han KoH-lærer i de resterende 20% :-)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Du kan få en ide om hva vi holder på med om du går inn på
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gnuskole.no/&quot;&gt;http://www.gnuskole.no/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For å ta brodden av frykten for at ildsjeler gjør skolen sårbar om
ildsjelene falle fra, har jeg forsikret kommunen og skolesjefen i
Randaberg om at det finnes godt kommersielle tjenester vi kan benytte
oss av - om det skulle bli nødvendig. Vi er tre stykker i kommunen som
nå har &lt;strong&gt;god&lt;/strong&gt; linux-kompetanse ift. å drifte et større
system.  IT-avdelingen i kommunen vil ikke ta på oss med ildtang -
selv om vi nok har større IT-kompetanse mot linux enn det de selv har
mot windows (de kjøper en &lt;strong&gt;masse&lt;/strong&gt; konsulenttjenester
fra ErgoGroup).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I kvantitet er Harestad og Grødem skole tilsammen et større
IT-system enn resten av Randaberg kommune + Kvitsøy og Rennesøy, som
kommunen også har driftsansvar for.  Vi har som sagt rundt 800
maskiner, mens kommunen med sitt driftsansvar har ansvar for rundt 500
maskiner. Det er selvfølgelig litt forskjell i hvor kritiske
tjenestene våre er, men det gir allikevel et litt rart bilde når
IT-avdelingen overhode ikke er interessert i å snakke med oss om
hvordan vi gjør ting :-)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fra linux-perspektivet (ikke bare Skolelinux) er det en fordel av
systemet er basert på fri programvare - og dermed fritt i ordets mange
betydninger. Det er alt vi trenger: stabilt, relativt enkelt å drifte
(tross alt - et større windowssystem er ikke enkelt å holde live det
heller), rimelig i innkjøp og drift, og sist, men ikke minst, det er
moderne for sluttbruker! Linux, i sine mange varianter,
&lt;strong&gt;ser&lt;/strong&gt; nytt ut, fordi det hele tiden blir
oppdatert. Derfor lever systemet opp til hvordan elever forventer at
et moderne GUI skal være (i motsetning til WinXP :-).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi var veldig pragmatiske da vi begynte med linux i skolen. Det var
billig, det fungerte og kunne bruke alle de gamle windows-maskinene
som &quot;nye&quot; tynne klienter.  I dag er vi mer bevisste fri
programvare-tilhengere.  Vi har oppdaget hva det er - og vi liker
det!&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En av de &lt;strong&gt;store&lt;/strong&gt; fordelene med fri programvare er at
vi kan installere tjenester vi ønsker å tilby brukerne våre - uten å
måtte tenke på om vi har råd til lisensene (fordi det er ingen). Alt
vi setter i produksjon er ut i fra brukernes behov og vår kapasitet
til å drifte dem. Vi skreddersyr tjenestene etter behovet og dermed
trenger vi ikke ende opp med å kjøpe en pakke der vi egentlig bare var
interessert i en liten del av den.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bruk av linux frigjør ikke økonomiske midler, fordi midlene til IKT
i skole er for få i utgangspunktet - men vi får så
&lt;strong&gt;mye&lt;/strong&gt; mer igjen for dem når vi bruker en linux-løsning
fremfor en windows-løsning. I praksis ser vi at vi måtte ut med det
dobbelte på budsjettet vårt om vi skulle hatt en tilsvarende
windows-løsning, som det vi i dag drifter med linux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ikke all pedagogisk programvare er tilgjengelig. Det er en del
programvare i skolen som er laget med utviklerverktøy som bare virker
i windows, f.eks. Drillpro, LingDys/LingWrite. Det er også
&quot;programmer&quot; som bare virker om du har tilgang til Microsoft Office,
f.eks. AskiRaski.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi sliter også litt med at video-codecer ikke alltid er like lett å
få opp å gå på klientene. Det er alltid en eller annen videosnutt fra
nrk.no som ikke er så samarbeidsvillig, uansett mediaplayer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Alt :-) På skolen bruker vi det som finnes og som er nyttig. Det vi
bruker mest er Firefox (jobber med Chrome, fordi det er
&lt;strong&gt;mye&lt;/strong&gt; raskere med Flash enn Firefox), OpenOffice (skal
over til LibreOffice), GIMP osv. Standardpakken av
sluttbrukerprogrammer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;På tjenernivå bruker vi OpenWebMail (skal over til Zimbra), Exim
osv.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Personlig bruker jeg de fleste programmer over flere plattformer,
men jeg har lagt meg til en vane å prioritere bruken av fri
programvare også i Windows 7 og OSX.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg er langt i fra sikker. For det første handler det mye om at
IKT-avdelingen i kommunen ofte er de som styrer hva som er IKT på
skolene - og de liker å bruke avtalene med Microsoft, som de garantert
har fra før.  Dessuten - Select 6-avtalen til skolene gjør Microsoft
skvettbillig.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi la vekt på effektiv drift av systemet - og at vi kunne øke
antall maskiner uten å måtte øke budsjett for utstyr eller personell
særlig mye, enn om vi hadde gått for en Microsoft-løsning. I praksis
ser vi at en ren linux-installasjon driftes til halve prisen av en
Microsoft-løsning.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi har i praksis også sett at det lærerne (og elevene) liker er at
vi tilbyr &lt;strong&gt;veldig&lt;/strong&gt; mange tjenester som ikke er så
vanlige i en Microsoft-løsning. Det er ikke så vanlig at
&lt;strong&gt;elevene&lt;/strong&gt; også har epost, hjemmekontor osv. Det har vi
også brukt som et vellykket argument mot Microsoft.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Den beste måten er selvfølgelig at noen bare bestemmer
det. Problemet er å få dem som har makt til å bestemme det til faktisk
å gjøre det ;-)&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Marius Kotsbak</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Marius_Kotsbak.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Marius_Kotsbak.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 10 Apr 2011 11:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Neste mann ut er Marius Kotsbak, styremedlem i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&quot;&gt;FRISK&lt;/a&gt; og mangeårig
bidragsyter i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-prosjektet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg er en systemutvikler/kybernetiker og jobber med dette til
daglig. På fritiden tester jeg ut/bruker mye fri programvare, og
bidrar med testing og utvikling når jeg ser stort nok behov for det og
jeg har noe å bidra med.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hmm, det er lenge siden, så det er nesten så jeg ikke husker. Jeg
hadde vel hørt om prosjektet i media før en gjeng i Trondheim startet
opp SPIST, Skolelinux-prosjektet i Sør-Trøndelag, hvor vi hjalp noen
skoler i nærområdet med å installere Skolelinux og finne brukt
IT-utstyr til disse. Det var moro å gjøre noe praktisk for å spre
Skolelinux, og å se hvor fort gjort det var å sette opp utrangerte
klientmaskiner og få disse opp som tynnklienter på helt nye datasaler
på skolene, kun med kostnaden til servere.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er et system spesielt skreddersydd for drift av et stort antall
klienter mot servere, og da spesielt i henhold til skolers behov.  Det
er enkelt og billig å installere og drifte, og det trenger ikke ny
maskinvare for god ytelse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hardwarestøtten kunne vært bedre og i enda større grad
installerbart rett ut av boksen.  Distribusjonen har til tider hatt
litt gammel programvare pga. at den følger Debian sine utgivelser.
Kanskje man skulle vurdert en versjon basert på Ubuntu eller andre
distribusjoner i tillegg?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Oi, det er ikke lite. Her er det jeg kommer på i farta.  Jeg bruker
Linux og Ubuntu, og på Ubuntu programene Firefox, Thunderbird,
Chromium, Pidgin, Digikam, OpenOffice, Wireshark, git og irssi.
Telefonen min er en Android, og der bruker jeg programmene K-9 Mail,
OI Shopping list, Shuffle, ZXing, OI Notepad og ADW Desktop.  På jobb
bruker jeg JBoss, Eclipse, uCLinux for Blackfin, RCF-CPP, Qt, Maven,
og boost-bibliotekene for C++.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En bør fokusere på totalkostnader inkludert driftsbehov,
fleksibilitet, åpenhet og ikke låsing til en leverandør framfor sparte
lisenskostnader, samt programvarens kvalitet og fortrinn, og at den
fritt kan brukes på et ubegrenset antall PC-er, også hjemme hos
elevene.  En bør også forbedre den fri programvaren ved testing,
bugrapportering og kodebidrag om man kan, og ikke anbefale programvare
uten at man har forsikret seg at den har tilstrekkelig kvalitet,
ellers kan man lett oppnå det motsatte.  Tror en bør selge inn
konseptet til fylkes-/statsnivå, kanskje med bidrag til
utviklingsarbeid fra disse som alle landets skoler kan få glede
av.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Frode Jemtland</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Frode_Jemtland.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Frode_Jemtland.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 27 Jul 2011 08:50:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Neste mann ut i min serie med intervjuer av Skolelinux-relaterte
personer er en tidligere styreleder i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&quot;&gt;FRISK&lt;/a&gt; som var med
fra starten av
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-prosjektet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mitt navn er Frode Jemtland, og jeg jobber i Hedmark IKT, som er et
driftsselskap for Grue, Hamar, Kongsvinger, Løten, Nord-Odal og Stange
kommuner. Her er jeg leder for avdelingen Løsninger og Arkitektur. Vi
har i hovedansvar for servere, infrastruktur og løsninger som
helhet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jobbet i IBM fra 2000, og da spesielt med Linux. Dette var da et av
de mest tydelige linux prosjektene i Norge, og her ønsket jeg å
bidra. Var aktivt med i prosjektet i 4-5 år.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fordelene slik jeg ser det er den sentraliserte driftmodellen, og
alle de vel gjennomtenkte løsningene som er inkludert i denne
løsningen. Samtidig er det basert på en stabil, og godt kjent
plattform. Dette vil si at man har en løsning som skal være mye
tilgjengelig, og hvor det er relativt enkelt å få tak i personer som
kan mye om den grunnleggende plattformen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;De største utfordringene med en løsningen er at den er intensiv på f.eks
nettverk. I seg selv ikke et problem for en enkelt skole, men skal løsningen
kjøres i større skala, med sentraliserte servere, så gir dette noen
utfordringer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Utifra hva jeg har sett på større installasjoner så er det ikke så
enkelt å skjønne, hva som bør gjøres for at den skal skaleres opp, og
da ta godt vare på alle sider av dette, ikke bare mer server å fordele
last/trykk, men hvordan også beholde robustheten og fleksibiliteten i
løsningen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En annen utfordring er at stadig flere produkter som skal brukes i
skoleløsningen ikke er laget til å kunne brukes i en
skolelinuxløsning. Det blir derfor fort mye skreddersøm i de
forskjellige installasjonene, for å få diverse pedagogiske programmer,
webløsninger, smartboards, m.m. til å fungere.  Man er også en for
liten kundebase til at leverandørene ønsker å gjøre noe med
utfordringen. Problemet overlates til oss.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er også en kontinuerlig utfordring rundt problemet med å holde
programvare på stabile versjoner, kontra å få ny funksjonalitet. Dette
er jo en konflikt mellom oss som ønsker å drifte en stabil, og
kostnadseffektiv løsning, mot sluttbrukerne som ønsker seg funksjoner
det er vant med fra andre løsninger, eller som de må ha for at et
eller annet nytt produkt skal fungere i løsningen. Dette er en
utfordring også for andre plattformer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En siste utfordring som ikke har noe med løsningen å gjøre, men med
det omkringliggende miljøet denne skal kjøre i, er at de enhetene som
skal drifte dataløsninger for kommuner og fylkeskommuner begynner å
profesjonaliseres, og er da avhengig av å ha standard løsninger for å
drifte store brukermasser. MS er selvsagt klar over dette, og har jo
nå flere områder de begynner å bli veldig dominerende på. Den største,
og mest problematiske er katalogtjenesten.  Man får snart ikke tak i
større løsninger som ikke krever en AD. Når man da har store enheter
som drifter både kommunalt ansatte og skoler, så vil det være et
stordriftargument å standardisere på en katalog tjeneste, og da har
man ikke noe valg. Her er alle slike driftsenheter for små til å få
gjort om på dette. Her burde konkurransemyndighetene kommet på
banen. Men konkurransetilsynet i USA griper sjeldent (og ikke før det
har gått veldig lang tid) inn i monopolsituasjoner så lenge
monopolisten er et amerikansk firma, så da har vel ikke andre
myndigheter så mye de skulle ha sagt....&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Privat kjører jeg Debian på alle mine datamaskiner. Det gjør jeg
også på min jobbmaskin. Vi har også 15-20 linux servere av typene
SuSE, Debian, Redhat, CentOS m.m. Jeg bruker derfor mye fri
programvare. Av enkelt programmer kan sikkert masse nevnes. Hvis vi
skal begrense oss til daglig, så må jeg si: OpenOffice, Firefox,
Kontact, Kopete, Amarok,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramps-project.org/&quot;&gt;Gramps&lt;/a&gt;, Kate, ssh, bash,
rsync, backuppc m.m.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er et godt spørsmål, som jeg har lurt på selv.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Argumentene som ofte har vært brukt om at ting koster mindre holder
ikke mål når man ser på hva som faktisk koster penger. Det er de
ansatte som er en kostnadsdriver. Det vil si at hvis man har et system
som den ansatte kan, så vil en kostnad på dette systemet kunne
forsvares ganske mye ved at den ansatte gjør dette raskere og
effektivt. Også uten å måtte eventuelt leie inn folk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg syns det er viktigere å fokusere på prinsippet med å velge fri
programvare, men det er også et felt hvor man fort møter lite
forståelse blant de ansatte i skolen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Her må nok strategien fortsette å være at de sentrale myndighetene
må sende tydelige signaler for hva de ønsker at offentlige enheter
skal gjøre. Det var mye positivt på gang ang. dette for et par år
siden. Både med eNorge og eKommune planene, men dette syns jeg har
stoppet opp. En del av dette kan jo kanskje være usikkerheten som
etter hvert har blitt, når man har sett kompleksiteten i de
prosjektene som har blitt igangsatt. Det har også blitt noe usikkerhet
i markedet ref. Sun, Oracle, Novell, Microsoft m.m.  Samtidig har jo
også de proprietære programleverandørene sørget for å endre sine
lisenser slik at man uansett ikke slipper unna kostnaden til deres
produkter, selv om man skulle velge alternativer. Da er det økonomiske
argumentet, som jeg nevnte tidligere, spilt ganske godt ut over
sidelinjen.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Peter Hansteen</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Peter_Hansteen.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Peter_Hansteen.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2011 23:10:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Etter en lang pause er det klart for neste mann ut i min serie med
intervjuer av
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-relaterte personer.

Denne gangen har jeg besøk av et avtroppende styremedlem i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&quot;&gt;FRISK&lt;/a&gt;, og en mann
som har vært aktiv i Linux-miljøet i Bergen siden 90-tallet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg heter Peter Hansteen, og jobber til daglig som seniorkonsulent
i EDB ErgoGroup i Bergen.  I praksis betyr det systemadministrasjon på
Unix (primært Solaris, men en viss komponent av Linux).  Men Solaris
er for meg et relativt nytt bekjentskap, hovedplattformen min har
generelt vært OpenBSD og til dels FreeBSD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg husker ikke helt alle detaljene mer ;) - men jeg tror det var
gjennom news-gruppen no.it.os.unix.linux.diverse, efn-listen og
etterhvert også BLUG-miljøet her i Bergen.  Vi hadde et par
Skolelinux-sentrerte BLUG-møter for noen år siden, og det har vært et
par Skolelinux-utviklersamlinger her.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg bruker dessverre ikke Skolelinux daglig. Men slik jeg kjenner
prosjektet har det vært i stand til å ta opp i seg det beste av fri
programvare i mange kategorier, så fra et sysadmin-perspektiv ser det
ut som en svært behagelig sak.  For brukerne er det vel både en fordel
og en ulempe at det ikke er Windows. Men vi håper at fordelene med et
fritt system etterhvert vil bli åpenbare for både elever, lærekrefter
og foreldre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vel, ulempen er vel først og fremst at andre aktører med mer
kapitalmuskel har klart å etablere seg som det både lærere og foreldre
føler seg trygge på, selv om det etter mitt hode ikke er noen grunn
til å være spesielt trygg på de kommersielle alternativene.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Når jeg får bestemme helt selv, bruker jeg kun fri programvare. Da
helst med vekt på ting som kjører greit på OpenBSD.  Hjemme er det
OpenBSD, Ubuntu eller FreeBSD vi bruker.  På skrivebordet er det en
avveining mellom Gnome, KDE eller hva-det-nå-heter som er
standardvalget i Ubuntu, ellers er det de kjente tingene som
LibreOffice, Emacs, mplayer.  På server er det selvfølgelig Apache,
for overvåking både OpenNMS og Nagios (det bare ble sånn, og
forskjellige siter).  Jeg skriver til tider om slikt jeg holder på med
på
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bsdly.blogspot.com&quot;&gt;http://bsdly.blogspot.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Men vi må nevne at selv vi har en Microsoft-ting som vi slår på når
vi av en eller annen grunn må. Det betyr igjen vanligvis når en
mobiltelefon eller en annen lukket elektronisk dings krever kontakt
via en slik for å få oppdateringene sine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hadde vi hatt det rette svaret på det spørsmålet, så hadde vi
gjerne hatt Skolelinux som førstevalg på alle skoler ;)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Men jeg tror vi må legge vekt på flere forskjellige ting.  En helt
sentral sak er å fokusere på fri programvare og åpne standarder som de
demokratiske verdiene de faktisk er.  Det har kanskje kommet litt for
mye i bakgrunnen i forhold til strevet etter å lage det mest mulig
&#39;brukervennlige&#39; systemet.  Det er en tung vei å gå, så det er
forståelig at freenix-aktivister heller velger å skrive kode og annet
som er mer lystbetont. Mer praktisk tror jeg vi må gjøre i alle fall
to ting: For det første sørge for å fortsette med å levere det best
mulige frie produktet, slik at det er lett å både komme i gang og
holde systemene i daglig drift, og for det andre 2) spore opp mulige
aktivister der de finnes, via lokale brukergrupper, sosiale medier
eller annet og sørge for at de fortsetter å være aktive.  Mer og
mindre uformelle treff kan være nyttig i tillegg til de mer
organiserte møtene med foredrag, konferanser og utviklersamlinger.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Fixing an hanging debian installer for Debian Edu</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Fixing_an_hanging_debian_installer_for_Debian_Edu.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Fixing_an_hanging_debian_installer_for_Debian_Edu.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 3 Jan 2012 11:25:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;During christmas, I have been working getting the next version of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; ready
for release.  The initial problem I looked at was particularly
interesting.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;P&gt;The installer would hang at the end when it was doing it
post-installation configuration, and whatevery I did to try to find
the cause and fix it always worked while I tested it, but never when I
integrated it into the installer and ran the installation from
scratch.  I would try to restart processes, close file descriptors,
remove or create files, and the installer would always unblock and
wrap up its tasks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Eventually the cause was found.  The kernel was simply running out
of entropy, causing the Kerberos setup to hang waiting for more.
Pressing keys was adding entropy to the kernel, and thus all my tries
to fix the problem worked not because what I was typing to fix it, but
because I was typing.&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The fix I implemented was to add a background process looking at
the level of entropy in the kernel (by checking
/proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail), and if it was too small, the
installer will flush the kernel file buffers and do &#39;find /&#39; to
generate some disk IO.  Disk IO generate entropy in the kernel, and is
one of the few things that can be initated from within the system to
generate entropy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The fix is in
&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Squeeze/Installation&quot;&gt;beta1
of the Debian Edu/Squeeze&lt;/a&gt; version, and we
&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu&quot;&gt;welcome more testers and
developers&lt;/a&gt;.  We plan to release beta2 this weekend.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Second beta version of Debian Edu / Skolelinux based on Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Second_beta_version_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Second_beta_version_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 7 Jan 2012 22:50:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I am happy to announce that today we managed to wrap up and publish
the second beta version of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;.  If
you want to test a LDAP backed Kerberos server with out of the box PXE
configuration for running diskless machines and installing new
machines, check it out.  If you need a software solution for your
school, check it out too.  The full announcement is
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/01/msg00000.html&quot;&gt;available&lt;/a&gt;
on the project announcement list.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Changing the default Iceweasel start page in Debian Edu/Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Changing_the_default_Iceweasel_start_page_in_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Changing_the_default_Iceweasel_start_page_in_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jan 2012 15:30:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;In the Squeeze version of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; soon
to be released, users of the system will get their default browser
start page set from LDAP, allowing the system administrator to point
all users to the school web page by updating one setting in LDAP.  In
addition to setting the default start page when a machine boots, users
are shown the same page as a welcome page when they log in for the
first time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The LDAP object dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no have an attribute
labeledURI with &quot;http://www/ LDAP for Debian Edu/Skolelinux&quot; as the
default content.  By changing this value to another URL, all users get
to see the page behind this new URL.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An easy way to update it is by using the ldapvi tool.  It can be
called as &quot;&lt;tt&gt;ldapvi -ZD &#39;(cn=admin)&#39;&lt;/tt&gt;&#39; to update LDAP with the
new setting.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We have written the code to adjust the default start page and show
the welcome page, and I wonder if there is an easier way to do this
from within Iceweasel instead.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Paul Reidar Løsnesløkken</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Paul_Reidar_L_snesl_kken.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Paul_Reidar_L_snesl_kken.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 18 Jan 2012 14:30:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I serien med intervjuer av folk i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-miljøet, har jeg nå
lyktes med å få tak i en skolemann som ikke er aktiv med utviklingen,
men likevel har vært med nesten siden starten av prosjektet.  Jeg
ønsker derfor velkommen til Paul Reidar Løsnesløkken, en mann med
mange års erfaring i bruk av Skolelinux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg driftet tidligere IKT løsningen for skolene i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nord-odal.kommune.no/&quot;&gt;Nord-Odal&lt;/a&gt;.  I dag er jeg
IKT-konsulent for hele kommunen og samarbeider med
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hedmarken-ikt.no/&quot;&gt;Hedmark-IKT&lt;/a&gt; for best mulig
tjenester til kommunen. Jeg har bakgrunn som elektronikkreparatør og
grunnskolelærer og har tatt en del fag innen IKT, i hovedsak
driftsfag. IKT i Nord-Odal kommune blir i dag driftet av Hedmark IKT
som er et samarbeid mellom Løten, Stange, Grue, Hamar, Kongsvinger og
Nord-Odal. Jeg er fortsatt &quot;IKT-personen&quot; på skolene i kommunen og
følger opp og gjør enkelte mindre endringer der.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Kommunen satset på Skolelinux i 2004.  Jeg var ikke med i
beslutningsprosessen den gang, men ble likevel med fra starten når
dette ble levert.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fordelene med Skolelinux er rask oppstart, sentral drift av
klientene, klienter som jobber raskt og effektivt, bedre
funksjonalitet på eldre utstyr og en ganske god programpakke med fri
programvare som følger med.  Løsningen med halvtykke klienter gjør at
prosessering skjer lokalt med alltid ferske maskiner.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skolelinux kan fungere godt på gammelt utstyr, men det er klart at
utstyr også blir for gammelt selv for Skolelinux.  I forbindelese med
at vi nylig fikk nye servere og ny installasjon kastet jeg ut ca 60
klienter som fortsatt var i drift etter at de var kjøpt godt brukt i
2004.  Noe var rundt 15 år gammelt, men var fortsatt i bruk. Noen
klaget på at det nå gikk veldig tregt på en del pedagogiske nettsider
med flash o.l. Det er fullt forståelig.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg fikk nylig et spørsmål fra ungdomsskolens rektor om jeg kunne
legge inn &lt;a href=&quot;http://freemind.sourceforge.net/&quot;&gt;FreeMind&lt;/a&gt;, et
tankekartprogram , på skolens elev-Windowsmaskiner. Lærerne hadde
vært på kurs og ville ta dette i bruk. Skolen har ca halvparten av
elevmaskinene på bærbare Windowsmaskiner. Da kunne jeg fortelle at
dette programmet allerede lå inne på den nye Skolelinuxløsningen
som nettopp var satt i drift, klart til bruk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi har de bærbare maskinene på ungdomsskolen i domene med
Skolelinux.  Dette fungerer også meget bra nå. Elevene får opp en
midlertidig windowsprofil når de logger på.  Denne profilen slettes
etter at de logger av, noe som medfører rene profiler hver gang de
starter opp en maskin.  De må lagre i sin Skolelinprofil, noe som
medfører at de får tak i sine filer uavhengig av om de starter en
Windowsmaskin eller en Skolelinuxklient. Det er mye mindre trafikk i
det trådløse nettet etter at ikke hele profiler blir lastet opp til de
enkelte Windowsmaskinene og tilbake når man avslutter. Jeg vet ikke om
dette er standardoppsett i Skolelinux, men slik er vårt oppsett
nå.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi har i flere år satt opp vår løsning slik at skriverkøer slettes
og skrivere startes hver natt.  Hyggelig å høre at dette nå skal bli
en standard i Skolelinuxløsningen.  Dette har vært en god hjelp for
oss.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Elevene er lite opptatt av om de jobber på en Skolelinux eller en
Windowsmaskin bare de har de programmene de trenger og at det virker
når det skal brukes. Vi kjører mest mulig de samme programmene på
Windows som i Skolelinux, som f.eks Audacity og LibreOffice.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lærere bruker hos oss Windows. Dette fordi de da selv har mer
kontroll over sin maskin, kan bruke den overalt, og kan legge inn
programmer selv når de trenger noe i forhold til kurs o.l de er
på. Jeg tror lærernes selvstendighet her gjør dem tryggere på IKT-bruk
generelt. Det at de av og til får opp advarsler og lignende gjør også
at de må tenke igjennom og spørre om ting rundt datasikkerhet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er en del programmer vi bruker som ikke finnes for Linux.  Mest
brukt er nok Photostory3 som brukes i mange sammenhenger, særlig på
ungdomsskolen, bl.a. til å lage herbarier (plantesamling) .  Dette
finnes gratis for Windows, men er ikke fri programvare.  Vi er opptatt
av at programmer elevene bruker på skolen også kan brukes gratis
hjemme. Det er også en del programmer som brukes til spesielle elever
som bare går i Windows. Det er viktig med fokus på funksjoner og ikke
på hvilket OS man bruker.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For oss er det kombinasjonen mellom Skolelinux og Windows som gir
oss en god og hel løsning. Skolelinux er best der de er gode.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Selv er det LibreOffice jeg bruker til daglig.  Jeg bruker selv en
Windowsmaskin. Jeg har benyttet en del fri programvare i forbindelse
med sjekking av trafikk i nettverk, slik som Wireshark, men dette er
jo ikke aktuelt for skolene. Jeg er generelt glad i programmer som
fungerer på både Linux og Windows og gjerne MAC.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er viktig at det benyttes programmer som elevene også kan ta i
bruk hjemme.  Det skal da være enkelt, lovlig og gratis for
elevene. Da er jeg ikke lenger veldig opptatt av om det kalles &quot;fri
programvare&quot;.  For skolene tror jeg &quot;gratis&quot; og &quot;funksjonelt&quot; er bedre
begreper enn &quot;fri&quot; i forhold til programmer.  De fleste skiller nok
ikke mellom &quot;fri&quot; og &quot;gratis&quot;. Det er nå svært mange elever som
benytter OpenOffice eller LibreOffice som sin primære kontorpakke
hjemme.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Setting up a new school with Debian Edu/Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Setting_up_a_new_school_with_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Setting_up_a_new_school_with_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2012 21:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;The next version of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu
/ Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; will include a new tool
&lt;tt&gt;sitesummary2ldapdhcp&lt;/tt&gt;, which can be used to quickly set up all
the computers in a school without much manual labour.  Here is a short
summary on how to use it to set up a new school.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;First, install a combined Main Server and Thin Client Server as the
central server in the network.  Next, PXE boot all the client machines
as thin clients and wait 5 minutes after the last client booted to
allow the clients to report their existence to the central server.  When
this is done, log on to the central server and run
&lt;tt&gt;sitesummary2ldapdhcp -a&lt;/tt&gt; in the &lt;tt&gt;konsole&lt;/tt&gt; to use the
collected information to generate system objects in LDAP.  The output
will look similar to this:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
% sitesummary2ldapdhcp -a
info: Updating machine tjener.intern [10.0.2.2] id ether-00:01:02:03:04:05.
info: Create GOsa machine for auto-mac-00-01-02-03-04-06 [10.0.16.20] id ether-00:01:02:03:04:06.

Enter password if you want to activate these changes, and ^c to abort.

Connecting to LDAP as cn=admin,ou=ldap-access,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
enter password: *******
% 
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After providing the LDAP administrative password (the same as the
root password set during installation), the LDAP database will be
populated with system objects for each PXE booted machine with
automatically generated names.  The final step to set up the school is
then to log into &lt;a href=&quot;https://oss.gonicus.de/labs/gosa/&quot;&gt;GOsa&lt;/a&gt;,
the web based user, group and system administration system to change
system names, add systems to the correct host groups and finally
enable DHCP and DNS for the systems.  All clients that should be used
as diskless workstations should be added to the workstation-hosts
group.  After this is done, all computers can be booted again via PXE
and get their assigned names and group based configuration
automatically.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We plan to release beta3 with the updated version of this feature
enabled this weekend.  You might want to give it a try.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update 2012-01-28: When calling sitesummary2ldapdhcp to add new
hosts, one need to add the option -a.  I forgot to mention this in my
original text, and have added it to the text now.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skjermbilder fra nordsamisk installasjon av Skolelinux/Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skjermbilder_fra_nordsamisk_installasjon_av_Skolelinux_Squeeze.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skjermbilder_fra_nordsamisk_installasjon_av_Skolelinux_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;For morro skyld har jeg gjennomført en nordsamisk installasjon for
neste utgave av &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;
(Squeeze) og knipset skjermbilder av resultatet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Som en kan se der er det noen oversettelser som mangler.  Det hadde
vært hyggelig hvis alle tekstene som vises i Skolelinux-installasjonen
ble oversatt til nordsamisk, men for å få det til må noen som forstår
språket melde seg til dyst.  Det er mangel på nordsamiske oversettere
av fri programvare.  Hvis noen starter raskt, så bør en rekke å
fullføre Wheezy-utgaven før den gis ut. :)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se &lt;a href=&quot;http://d-i.debian.org/l10n-stats/&quot;&gt;oversetterstatistikk for
debian installer&lt;/a&gt; for detaljert status.  Jeg har tipset
&lt;a href=&quot;https://lister.ping.uio.no/mailman/listinfo/i18n-sme&quot;&gt;epostlisten for samiskoversettelser&lt;/a&gt;,
men det har vært veldig liten aktivitet der de siste årene.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/01-isomenu.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/01-isomenu.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/02-sme-lang.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/02-sme-lang.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/03-sme-place.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/03-sme-place.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/04-sme-keymap.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/04-sme-keymap.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/05-sme-profile.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/05-sme-profile.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/06-sme-autopart.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/06-sme-autopart.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/07-sme-popcon.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/07-sme-popcon.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/08-sme-rootpw1.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/08-sme-rootpw1.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/09-sme-rootpw2.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/09-sme-rootpw2.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/10-sme-firstuser.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/10-sme-firstuser.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/11-sme-firstusername.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/11-sme-firstusername.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/12-sme-firstuserpw1.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/12-sme-firstuserpw1.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/13-sme-firstuserpw2.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/13-sme-firstuserpw2.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/14-sme-part.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/14-sme-part.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/15-sme-debootstrap.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/15-sme-debootstrap.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/16-sme-tasksel.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/16-sme-tasksel.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/17-sme-wordlist.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/17-sme-wordlist.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/18-sme-tasksel.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/18-sme-tasksel.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/19-sme-ltsp.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/19-sme-ltsp.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/20-sme-grub.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/20-sme-grub.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/21-sme-finish-install.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/21-sme-finish-install.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/22-sme-finish-message.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/22-sme-finish-message.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Handling non-free firmware in Debian Edu/Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Handling_non_free_firmware_in_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Handling_non_free_firmware_in_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Fri, 27 Jan 2012 23:30:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;With some computer hardware, one need non-free firmware blobs.
This is the sad fact of todays computers.  In the next version of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; based
on Squeeze, we provide several scripts and modifications to make
firmware blobs easier to handle.  The common use case I run into is a
laptop with a wireless network card requiring non-free firmware to
work, but there are other use cases as well.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;First and foremost, Debian Edu provide ISO images for DVD and CD
with all firmware packages in the Debian sections main and non-free
included, to ensure debian-installer find and can install all of them
during installation.  This take care firmware for network devices used
by the installer when installing from from local media.  But for
example multimedia devices are not activated in the installer and are
not taken care of by this.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For non-network devices, we provide the script
&lt;tt&gt;/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/auto-addfirmware&lt;/tt&gt; which
search through the &lt;tt&gt;dmesg&lt;/tt&gt; output for drivers requesting extra
firmware.  The firmware file name is looked up in the Contents-ARCH.gz
file available in the package repository, and the packages providing
the requested firmware file(s) is installed.  I have proposed to do
something similar in debian-installer (BTS report
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/655507&quot;&gt;#655507&lt;/a&gt;), to allow PXE
installs of Debian to handle firmware installation better.  Run the
script as root from the command line to fetch and install the needed
firmware packages.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debian Edu provide PXE installation of Debian out of the box, and
because some machines need firmware to get their network cards
working, the installation initrd some times need extra firmware
included to be able to install at all.  To fill the PXE installation
initrd with extra firmware, the
&lt;tt&gt;/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/pxe-addfirmware&lt;/tt&gt; script is
provided.  Again, just run it as root on the command line to fill the
PXE initrd with firmware packages.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Last, some LTSP clients might also need firmware to get their
network cards working.  For this,
&lt;tt&gt;/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/ltsp-addfirmware&lt;/tt&gt; is
provided to update the LTSP initrd with firmware blobs.  It is used
the same way as the other firmware related tools.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At the moment, we do not run any of these during installation.  We
do not know if this is acceptable for the local administrator to use
non-free software, and it is their choice.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We plan to release beta3 this weekend.  You might want to give it a
try.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Third beta version of Debian Edu / Skolelinux based on Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Third_beta_version_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Third_beta_version_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 4 Feb 2012 13:25:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I am happy to announce that finally we managed today to wrap up and
publish the third beta version of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; based
on Squeeze.  If you want to test a LDAP backed Kerberos server with
out of the box PXE configuration for running diskless machines and
installing new machines, check it out.  If you need a software
solution for your school, check it out too.  The full announcement is
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/02/msg00000.html&quot;&gt;available&lt;/a&gt;
on the project announcement list.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I am very happy to report these changes and improvements since
beta2 (there are more, see announcement for full list):&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;It is now possible to change the pre-configured IP subnet from
  10.0.0.0/8 to something else by using the subnet-change tool after
  the installation.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Too full partitions are now automatically extended on the Main
  Server, based on the rules specified in /etc/fsautoresizetab.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The CUPS queues are now automatically flushed every night, and all
  disabled queues are restarted every hour.  This should cut down on
  the amount of manual administration needed for printers.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The set of initial users have been changed.  Now a personal user
  for the local system administrator is created during installation
  instead of the previously created localadmin and super-admin users,
  and this user is granted administrative privileges using group
  membership.  This reduces the number of passwords one need to keep
  up to date on the system.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The new main server seem to work so well that I am testing it as my
private DNS/LDAP/Kerberos/PXE/LTSP server at home.  I will use it look
for issues we could fix to polish Debian Edu even further before the
final Squeeze release is published.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Next weekend the project organise a
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/01/msg00001.html&quot;&gt;developer
gathering&lt;/a&gt; in Oslo.  We will continue the work on the Squeeze
version, and start initial planning for the Wheezy version.  Perhaps I
will see you there?&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Saving power with Debian Edu / Skolelinux using shutdown-at-night</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Saving_power_with_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_using_shutdown_at_night.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Saving_power_with_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_using_shutdown_at_night.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 5 Feb 2012 09:45:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Since the Lenny version of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;, a
feature to save power have been included.  It is as simple as it is
practical: Shut down unused clients at night, and turn them on again
in the morning.  This is done using the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/shutdown-at-night.html&quot;&gt;shutdown-at-night&lt;/a&gt; Debian package.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To enable this feature on a client, the machine need to be added to
the netgroup shutdown-at-night-hosts.  For Debian Edu, this is done in
LDAP, and once this is in place, the machine in question will check
every hour from 16:00 until 06:00 to see if the machine is unused, and
shut it down if it is.  If the hardware in question is supported by
the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/nvram-wakeup.html&quot;&gt;nvram-wakeup&lt;/a&gt;
package, the BIOS is told to turn the machine back on around 07:00 +-
10 minutes.  If this isn&#39;t working, one can configure wake-on-lan to
try to turn on the client.  The wake-on-lan option is only documented
and not enabled by default in Debian Edu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is important to not turn all machines on at once, as this can
blow a fuse if several computers are connected to the same fuse like
the common setup for a classroom.  The nvram-wakeup method only work
for machines with a functioning hardware/BIOS clock.  I&#39;ve seen old
machines where the BIOS battery were dead and the hardware clock were
starting from 0 (or was it 1990?) every boot.  If you have one of
those, you have to turn on the computer manually.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The shutdown-at-night package is completely self contained, and can
also be used outside the Debian Edu environment.  For those without a
central LDAP server with netgroups, one can instead touch the file
&lt;tt&gt;/etc/shutdown-at-night/shutdown-at-night&lt;/tt&gt; to enable it.
Perhaps you too can use it to save some power?&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Axel Bojer</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Axel_Bojer.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Axel_Bojer.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 7 Feb 2012 14:50:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I serien med intervjuer av folk i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-miljøet har jeg
fått en av oversetterne som har vært med siden starten i tale.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg heter Axel Bojer og er datalærer, tysklærer, oversetter med
mere.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tror jeg så en annonsering på nettet i slutten av 2001 og ville
være med som oversetter.  Jeg kom med på en utviklersamling og
prosjektet var da helt i starten.  Det var spennende å være med mens
prosjektet vokste til og utviklet seg.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg har «alltid» vært språkinteressert og hadde nettopp startet med
Linux og tror jeg tenkte det passet å bidra.  Var også glad for å få
en Debian-distribusjon, og ville gjerne bruke den selv.  Til å begynne
med brukte jeg først Mandrake og så Debian. Og siden jeg oppdaget at
det ikke var noen mulighet for å bruke den som enkeltstående i lang
tid, så gikk jeg etterhvert over til Kubuntu&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Løsningen er forholdsvis lett å sette opp, gratis, fri programvare
og gjør det mulig å gjenbruke eldre maskiner.  Det fine med Debian er
at det er stabilt og har en veldig stor mengde programmer. Jeg liker
også apt.  :-) Jeg liker også friheten ved Linux og muligheten til å
delta og forme sin egen datahverdag.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skolelinux er for lite kjent og for sent ute med å gi ut nye
versjoner.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Da jeg selv i hovedsak bruker Kubuntu, så kan jeg egentlig ikke
svare så detaljert rundt ulempene med Skolelinux.  Hovedårsaken til at
jeg bruker Kubuntu er nok at da vi begynte med det mener jeg det ikke
var noen annen løsning.  «Vandrende arbeidsstasjon» mener jeg ikke
fantes da.  Dessuten ville jeg ha siste versjon, da den KDE-versjonen
som var i Skolelinux den gangen var en god del enklere (tror det var
KDE 2) var dårligere i mine øyne enn versjon 3.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg bruker blant annet Kubuntu, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox,
Kate, &lt;a href=&quot;http://comix.sourceforge.net/&quot;&gt;Comix&lt;/a&gt; og Konsole.  Og
en hel haug andre ved behov :-)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Har oversatt Comix selv, men det er jo ikke skjedd noe med Comix
siden 2009, så den er det nok bare jeg som har.  Om andre vil ha den
gir jeg den gjerne videre.  Ser at noen har startet på
&lt;a href=&quot;http://mcomix.sourceforge.net/&quot;&gt;MComix&lt;/a&gt; siden jeg så på så
på dette sist, så nå er jeg igang med å teste og oversette den
også.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det viktigste er å forankre beslutningen i kollegiet og med de som
er ansvarlige for å vedlikeholde og bruke datamaskinene.  Flest mulig
bør være med på å holde det (sosialt) vedlike, kjenne og støtte
prinsippene. Som enkeltmannsprosjekt blir det lett veldig sårbart,
særlig når (Skole)linux ennå i stor grad er en motkultur og ikke noe
en stor nok andel av beslutningstakere, brukere osv kjenner til og
bruker.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg tror det viktigste er å fortsette å holde fri programvare godt,
oppdatert, minimere antall feil, ha en god kontakt med brukerne og
attraktivt og spennende programmer. Beholde alt som er bra og ha det
tilgjengelig samtidig som man tilbyr det nyeste og rareste for de som
vil ha det.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Automatic proxy configuration with Debian Edu / Skolelinux</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_proxy_configuration_with_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_proxy_configuration_with_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 13 Feb 2012 23:40:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;New in the Squeeze version of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; is the
ability for clients to automatically configure their proxy settings
based on their environment.  We want all systems on the client to use
the WPAD based proxy definition fetched from &lt;tt&gt;http://wpad/wpad.dat&lt;/tt&gt;, to
allow sites to control the proxy setting from a central place and make
sure clients do not have hard coded proxy settings.  The schools can
change the global proxy setting by editing
&lt;tt&gt;tjener:/etc/debian-edu/www/wpad.dat&lt;/tt&gt; and the change propagate
to all Debian Edu clients in the network.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The problem is that some systems do not understand the WPAD system.
In other words, how do one get from a WPAD file like this (this is a
simple one, they can run arbitrary code):&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
function FindProxyForURL(url, host)
{
   if (!isResolvable(host) ||
       isPlainHostName(host) ||
       dnsDomainIs(host, &quot;.intern&quot;))
      return &quot;DIRECT&quot;;
   else
      return &quot;PROXY webcache:3128; DIRECT&quot;;
}
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;to a proxy setting in the process environment looking like this:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
http_proxy=http://webcache:3128/
ftp_proxy=http://webcache:3128/
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To do this conversion I developed a perl script that will execute
the javascript fragment in the WPAD file and return the proxy that
would be used for
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.debian.org/&quot;&gt;http://www.debian.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;,
and insert this extracted proxy URL in &lt;tt&gt;/etc/environment&lt;/tt&gt; and
&lt;tt&gt;/etc/apt/apt.conf&lt;/tt&gt;.  The perl script wpad-extract work just
fine in Squeeze, but in Wheezy the library it need to run the
javascript code is &lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/631045&quot;&gt;no longer
able to build&lt;/a&gt; because the C library it depended on is now a C++
library.  I hope someone find a solution to that problem before Wheezy
is frozen.  An alternative would be for us to rewrite wpad-extract to
use some other javascript library currently working in Wheezy, but no
known alternative is known at the moment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This automatic proxy system allow the roaming workstation (aka
laptop) setup in Debian Edu/Squeeze to use the proxy when the laptop
is connected to the backbone network in a Debian Edu setup, and to
automatically use any proxy present and announced using the WPAD
feature when it is connected to other networks.  And if no proxy is
announced, direct connections will be used instead.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Silently using a proxy announced on the network might be a privacy
or security problem.  But those controlling DHCP and DNS on a network
could just as easily set up a transparent proxy, and force all HTTP
and FTP connections to use a proxy anyway, so I consider that
distinction to be academic.  If you are afraid of using the wrong
proxy, you should avoid connecting to the network in question in the
first place.  In Debian Edu, the proxy setup is updated using dhcp and
ifupdown hooks, to make sure the configuration is updated every time
the network setup changes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The WPAD system is documented in a
&lt;a href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-wrec-wpad-01&quot;&gt;IETF
draft&lt;/a&gt; and a
&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Proxy_Autodiscovery_Protocol&quot;&gt;Wikipedia
page&lt;/a&gt; for those that want to learn more.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Olav Dahlum</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Olav_Dahlum.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Olav_Dahlum.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 18 Feb 2012 10:40:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I serien med intervjuer av folk i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-miljøet, får vi nå
høre fra et nyvalgt medlem i foreningen
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&quot;&gt;Fri programvare i
Skolen&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg heter Olav Dahlum, og er frilans oversetter, tester,
prosjektleder og bruker av fri og åpen programvare som
LibreOffice. Jeg er også et av styremedlemmene i FRISK.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg kom i kontakt med prosjektet i 2009, da jeg ble ansatt i
stiftelsen Åpne kontorprogram på norsk for å oversette og teste den
norske utgaven av OpenOffice.org. Arbeidet har hele tiden vært
koordinert sammen med Skolelinux, og mange av de samme menneskene er
involvert, så på den måten ble jeg en del av den utvidede
familien.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skolelinux handler i likhet med utdanningssektoren om å dele
kunnskap med andre, og det er dette som er hovedstyrken til
prosjektet.  Selv om Skolelinux hovedsaklig er involvert i utvikling
av programvare, er det også et sted der man kan utfolde seg uavhengig
av bakgrunn og ferdigheter.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liten utbredelse og manglende støtte fra leverandører som leverer
pedagogisk programvare til skolebruk.  Kunne kanskje hatt flere
verktøy som letter administrasjonen ytterligere, slik at også mindre
erfarne databrukere kan utføre lett vedlikehold og rutinejobber.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg er nesten forpliktet til å si at jeg bruker LibreOffice... Jeg
bruker forøvrig frie og åpne operativsystemer basert på
operativsystemkjernen Linux, for tiden openSUSE 12,1 med KDE4.  Men
hvis jeg skal dra fram noen flere eksempler så er nok Mozilla Firefox
og Thunderbird to av de jeg bruker mest. I tillegg er jeg en flittig
bruker av OpenSSH, Irssi, Midnight Commander, Git, Subversion,
Translation Toolkit og Super Maryo Chronicles (litt gøy skal man ha,
og med to håndkontroller liggende er det ikke til å unngå).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi må få leverandører av pedagogisk programvare med på laget, men
også utvikle vår egen tilpasset det norske markedet.  Det er også
mulig å involvere utdanningssektoren direkte i arbeidet, for eksempel
gjennom studentprosjekter der elevene selv er med å utforme
programvare direkte eller indirekte gjennom aktive bidrag.  Dette gjør
ikke bare samarbeidet tettere, men fokuset på standarder og friheten
til å velge sin egen løsning vil kanskje stimulere interessen for
framtidig deltakelse i bransjen.  Vi som driver med fri og åpen
programvare ønsker oss ikke rene konsumenter, men tenkende og
selvstendige individer som kan være med å skape sin egen fremtid.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>First release candidate of Debian Edu / Skolelinux based on Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_release_candidate_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_release_candidate_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 19 Feb 2012 23:10:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;One week delayed due to DVD build problems, we managed today to
wrap up and publish the first release candidate for
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; based
on Squeeze.  The full announcement is
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/02/msg00001.html&quot;&gt;available&lt;/a&gt;
on the project announcement list.  Check it out if you need a software
solution for your school.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Knut Yrvin</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Knut_Yrvin.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Knut_Yrvin.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 21 Feb 2012 07:40:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I serien med intervjuer av folk i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-miljøet, får vi nå
høre fra nyvalgt leder i foreningen
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&quot;&gt;Fri programvare i
Skolen&lt;/a&gt; og en av stifterne av Skolelinux-prosjektet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Knut Yrvin her. Jobber i Nokia med å fremme rammeverket Qt og QML
med tilhørende utviklerverktøy. Rollen er som leder av
friprog-samfunn. I fjor var jeg med å legge om utviklingen av Qt til
åpen forvaltning.  På den måten kan alle som bidrar til Qt gjøre det
på like vilkår.  Nå er det
&lt;a href=&quot;http://labs.qt.nokia.com/2011/12/22/qt-5-%E2%80%93-a-look-back-at-the-numbers/&quot;&gt;over
1000 utviklere&lt;/a&gt; som bidrar til Qt. Med overgangen til åpen
forvaltning er utviklingen av Qt mer åpen enn Linux-kjernen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg var en av initiativtagerne til Skolelinux i 2001. Skolene slet
med både utstyr og Internett-tilgang. De klarte ikke å møte
forventningene til data i skolen. Driften av PC-ene var uholdbar. Som
regel hadde rektor pekt ut en ivrig lærer til å passe på PC-ene,
gjerne naturfaglæreren. Mange lærere jobbet mye ubetalt overtid for å
vedlikeholde 30-40 datamaskiner på hver sin skole. Med 300 elever og
lærere som brukere, blir det fort mye mer arbeid enn de 4-8 timene de
kunne bruke på PC-drift. Skolene hadde kun en femtedel av
IT-budsjettet som ble brukt på PC-ene i rådhuset.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi erfarte at skolene hadde mye datautstyr som stod ubrukt. Skolene
manglet penger til Microsoft-lisenser. Selv med solide skolerabatter,
kostet Microsoft-lisensene gjerne like mye som PC-ene i seg selv over
en periode på 5-6 år.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Viktigheten av språklig mangfold og pedagogiske programmer var også
viktig for oss. Vi oversatte mange skoleaktuelle programmer til
nynorsk, nordsamisk og bokmål. Dette lenge før andre tok denne
oppgaven seriøst.  Allerede etter ett år hadde vi etablert et helt
arsenal av skoleaktuelle programmer på nynorsk, bokmål og
nordsamisk. Vi spredde vår ide om språklig mangfold til de andre frie
prosjekter internasjonalt. Resultatene ser vi i mange land. Det er de
frie programmene som kommer på brukernes morsmål. Det er en av flere
gode grunner til at fri programvare som LibreOffice, VLC, KDE og
Firefox konkurrerer ut godseid programvare mange steder i verden.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fordelene er at Skolelinux tilbyr over 100 skoleaktuelle programmer
på de norske språkene, uten ett øre i lisenskostnader. Systemet gir
enormt lave driftskostnader med diskløse arbeidsstasjoner og bærbare
med roaming.  Skolelinux krever også mindre av maskinvaren.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Man kan fint kjøre systemet med 512 MB RAM på en bærbar PC sammen
med en nettvideo i nettleseren og en presentasjon med
LibreOffice. Konkurrerende system krever fort 2 GB RAM for å få til
noe tilsvarende uten at det går ufattelig tregt. Skal man gjøre noe
nyttig, krever konkurrentene til Linux mye større harddisk. Skoler har
rapportert at de fort har fått 50% flere nye maskiner om de velger
Linux. Dette i tillegg til de årlige besparelsene ved å unngå
lisensbetaling til godseid programvare.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;De lave driftskostnadene gjør at delstater i Europa har titusener
av datamaskiner med Skolelinux i skolen. F.eks. er det under ti
personer som drifter 70.000 PC-systemer i skolene i Extremadura i
Spania. Det er slett ikke uvanlig at norske kommuner har 1500-2000
datamaskiner med Skolelinux.  Driften tar ett årsverk. Slår flere
kommuner seg sammen, kan de få samme sentraliserte stordriftsfordeler
som delstater i Tyskland og Spania.  Delstater som kjører Skolelinux
på alle skolene. Bare noen få personer sentraldrifter titusenvis av
PC-er.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Den største ulempen for Skolelinux er motstand mot Linux fra
IT-sjefer i det offentlige. Dette er ledere som holder innlegg som
snytt ut av evangelist-håndboka til Microsoft. Dette gjøres i ett
arbeidsmarked med stor vekst i etterspørselen etter Linux-fagfolk i
privat sektor.  Etterspørselen har økt mer enn noe annet tekniske yrke
siste tiåret.  Åtte av ti ledere vil ansette Linux-fagfolk i 2012,
rapporterer jobbnettstedet Dice.com på oppdrag av Linux
Foundation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det mangler 16.000 ingeniører og IKT-fagfolk i Norge rapporterte
arbeids- og velferdsetaten NAV. Linux-fagfolk kan velge svært
interessante jobber med alt fra apps på ledende mobilsystem laget med
Linux, sky- tjenester eller web-applikasjoner. De raskest voksende
teknologiselskapene i verden er ute etter Linux-fagfolk. Det være seg
Amazon, Google, Facebook og IBM for å nevne noen. Linux er kritisk
for å sikre veksten i markedet. Det sier seg selv at lønningene og
jobbmulighetene er bedre enn for andre tekniske yrker.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skal man lage apps for mobilen, smart-TV-en eller
underholdningssystemet i bilen eller på flyet, er det Linux som
gjelder. Med en slik konkurranse om Linux-kompetansen, kombinert med
motstanden mot Linux hos mange IT-sjefer i offentlig sektor, så
hindrer kommunene rekruttering av flere Linux- fagfolk. Skolene blir
tvunget til å velge dyrere og mindre komplette IT-system. De har
blitt hengende igjen slik IT var på begynnelsen av 2000- tallet. Dette
fordi IT-ledere ikke har tilpasset seg markedet det siste tiåret.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Når det er sagt, er Skolelinux svært enkelt å lære seg også for de
som ikke kan. Det viser alle lærerne som drifter systemet for
hundrevis og tusenvis av systemer. Det meste er på plass rett ut av
boksen. I tillegg er det solid med dokumentasjon med god hjelp på
nettet. Det er mange kommuner som har ansatt en lærer som først lærte
Skolelinux på sin skole, for så å drifte alle PC-ene i kommunen med
Skolelinux. Det kan fort være snakk om 1000-3000 datamaskiner på 10-15
skoler som sentraldriftes med en stilling.  Står man ordentlig fast,
kan man også kjøpe profesjonell hjelp fra selskap som støtter
Skolelinux. Det er flere slike selskap i Norge og i utlandet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Qt SDK, LibreOffice, Firefox, VLC og KDE-skrivebordet. Dette på et
Debian-basert GNU/Linux-system. Jeg bruker også noen morsomme
3D-spill. Idag kan jeg velge mellom over 30.000 Linux-programmer. Det
finnes ikke tid i livet å undersøke alle valgmulighetene. Derfor er
det bra med Skolelinux i skolen, da utvalget av programmer er
begrenset til hva som er aktuelt i skolefagene.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi må selge hele Skolelinux forhåndsinstallert på maskinvare i hele
pakker med 50-100-1000 PC-klienter med servere. Dette kan selges til
enkeltskoler eller hele kommuner. Pakken må inneholde tjenermaskiner,
svært rimelige diskløse arbeidsstasjoner, nettbrett med Plasma Active,
og bærbare med roaming. Alt er godt testet med Debian. I et slikt
anbud er det mulig å legge til sentraliserte drifts- og
støttetjenester.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Man bør også selge sky-tjenester som læreadministrative systemet
Moodle og driftsovervåking. I tillegg så bør man slenge seg på med
presentasjoner de gangene LibreOffice og andre friprog-produkter
selges til kommuner.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Second release candidate of Debian Edu / Skolelinux based on Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Second_release_candidate_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Second_release_candidate_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 27 Feb 2012 14:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;This weekend we wrapped up and published the second release
candidate for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu /
Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; based on Squeeze.  The full announcement did for some
reason not make it the project announcement list, but is
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2012/02/msg00015.html&quot;&gt;available&lt;/a&gt;
from the Debian development announcement list.  Check it out if you
need a software solution for your school.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Frode Danielsen</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Frode_Danielsen.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Frode_Danielsen.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 27 Feb 2012 14:35:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I serien med intervjuer av folk i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-miljøet møter vi
denne gangen Frode Danielsen, som er leder for en IT-virksomhet som
passer på IT-løsningen til flere kommuner i Hedmark-området, der noen
av dem bruker Skolelinux i dag.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Daglig leder i &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hedmarken-ikt.no/&quot;&gt;Hedmark
IKT&lt;/a&gt;. En interkommunal IKT-virksomhet for Stange, Nord-Odal,
Kongsvinger, Grue, Løten og Hamar kommuner. Vi er 32 ansatte&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi har vært i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet i flere
sammenhenger, blant annet gjennom et par piloter som ikke har ført til
noe konkret resultat.  Nå sist gjennom satsingen på skolelinux i Grue,
Kongsvinger og Nord-Odal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg tror alle løsninger har fordeler og ulemper, litt avhengig av
hvilket ståsted du selv har, så jeg unnlater å svare på dette.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ingen for min egen del, men vi har noe fri programvare i våre
løsninger.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg tror ikke man skal ha en slik strategi.  Man bør ha en strategi
basert på å løse fremtidige behov, og velge løsninger som støtter opp
under dette.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Stopmotion for making stop motion animations on Linux - reloaded</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Stopmotion_for_making_stop_motion_animations_on_Linux___reloaded.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Stopmotion_for_making_stop_motion_animations_on_Linux___reloaded.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 3 Mar 2012 12:50:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Many years ago, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux
/ Debian Edu project&lt;/a&gt; initiated a student project to create a tool
for making stop motion movies.  The proposal came from a teacher
needing such tool on Skolelinux.  The project, called &quot;stopmotion&quot;,
was manned by two extraordinary students and won a school award and a
national aware with this great project.  The project was initiated and
mentored by Herman Robak, and manned by the students Bjørn Erik Nilsen
and Fredrik Berg Kjølstad.  They got in touch with people at Aardman
Animation studio and received feedback on how professionals would like
such stopmotion tool to work, and the end result was and is used by
animators around the globe.  But as is usual after studying, both got
jobs and went elsewhere, and did not have time to properly tend to the
project, and it has been lingering for a few years now.  Until last
year...&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Last year some of the users got together with Herman, and moved the
project to Sourceforge and in effect restarted the project under a new
name,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxstopmotion/&quot;&gt;linuxstopmotion&lt;/a&gt;.
The name change was done to make it possible to find the project using
Internet search engines (try to search for &#39;stopmotion&#39; to see what I
mean). I&#39;ve been following
&lt;a href=&quot;https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/linuxstopmotion-community&quot;&gt;the
mailing list&lt;/a&gt; and the improvement already in place and planned for
the future is encouraging.  If you want to make stop motion movies.
Check it out. :)&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Third release candidate of Debian Edu / Skolelinux based on Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Third_release_candidate_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Third_release_candidate_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 4 Mar 2012 18:20:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;This weekend we wrapped up and published the third release
candidate for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu /
Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; based on Squeeze.  The full announcement is
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/03/msg00000.html&quot;&gt;available&lt;/a&gt;
from the project announcement list.  Check it out if you
need a software solution for your school.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu screencast: Mass creation of user accounts in Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_screencast__Mass_creation_of_user_accounts_in_Squeeze.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_screencast__Mass_creation_of_user_accounts_in_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 7 Mar 2012 13:40:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;!-- Video HTML based on http://www.diveintohtml5.net/video.html --&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One of the Debian Edu developers, Wolfgang Schweer, just created a
screen cast documenting how to create a lot of new users in LDAP on
Debian Edu Squeeze.  The video is embedded here in quarter size, and
also available from &lt;a href=&quot;http://vimeo.com/37675399&quot;&gt;vimeo&lt;/a&gt; and
download as a
&lt;a href=&quot;http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux/press/screencasts/2012-02-29-debian_edu_mass_create_user_accounts.ogv&quot;&gt;Ogg
Theora&lt;/a&gt; file.  Check it out below.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;video id=&quot;gosa-mass-user-create-movie&quot; width=&quot;256&quot; height=&quot;184&quot; preload controls&gt;
  &lt;source src=&quot;http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux/press/screencasts/2012-02-29-debian_edu_mass_create_user_accounts.ogv&quot; type=&#39;video/ogg; codecs=&quot;theora, vorbis&quot;&#39; /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;Download video as
      &lt;a href=&quot;http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux/press/screencasts/2012-02-29-debian_edu_mass_create_user_accounts.ogv&quot;&gt;Ogg&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;/video&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu interview: Nigel Barker</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Nigel_Barker.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Nigel_Barker.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Fri, 9 Mar 2012 11:30:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Inspired by &lt;a href=&quot;http://raphaelhertzog.com/tag/interview/&quot;&gt;the
interview series&lt;/a&gt; conducted by Raphael, I started a Norwegian
interview series with people involved in the Debian Edu / Skolelinux
community.  This was so popular that I believe it is time to move to a
more international audience.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;While &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu and
Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; originated in France and Norway, and have most users in
Europe, there are users all around the globe.  One of those far away
from me is Nigel Barker, a long time Debian Edu system administrator
and contributor.  It is thanks to him that Debian Edu is adjusted to
work out of the box in Japan.  I got him to answer a few questions,
and am happy to share the response with you. :)


&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who are you, and how do you spend your days?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My name is Nigel Barker, and I am British. I am married to Yumiko,
and we have three lovely children, aged 15, 14 and 4(!) I am the IT
Coordinator at Hiroshima International School, Japan. I am also a
teacher, and in fact I spend most of my day teaching Mathematics,
Science, IT, and Chemistry. I was originally a Chemistry teacher, but
I have always had an interest in computers. Another teacher teaches
primary school IT, but apart from that I am the only computer person,
so that means I am the network manager, technician and webmaster,
also, and I help people with their computer problems. I teach python
to beginners in an after-school club. I am way too busy, so I really
appreciate the simplicity of Skolelinux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux/Debian Edu
project?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In around 2004 or 5 I discovered the ltsp project, and set up a
server in the IT lab. I wanted some way to connect it to our central
samba server, which I was also quite poor at configuring. I discovered
Edubuntu when it came out, but it didn&#39;t really improve my setup. I
did various desperate searches for things like &quot;school Linux server&quot;
and ended up in a document called &quot;Drift&quot; something or other. Reading
there it became clear that Skolelinux was going to solve all my
problems in one go. I was very excited, but apprehensive, because my
previous attempts to install Debian had ended in failure (I used
Mandrake for everything - ltsp, samba, apache, mail, ns...). I
downloaded a beta version, had some problems, so subscribed to the
Debian Edu list for help. I have remained subscribed ever since, and
my school has run a Skolelinux network since Sarge.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For me the integrated setup. This is not just the server, or the
workstation, or the ltsp. Its all of them, and its all configured
ready to go. I read somewhere in the early documentation that it is
designed to be setup and managed by the Maths or Science teacher, who
doesn&#39;t necessarily know much about computers, in a small Norwegian
school. That describes me perfectly if you replace Norway with
Japan.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The desktop is fairly plain. If you compare it with Edubuntu, who
have fun themes for children, or with distributions such as Mint, who
make the desktop beautiful. They create a good impression on people
who don&#39;t need to understand how to use any of it, but who might be
important to the school. School administrators or directors, for
instance, or parents. Even kids. Debian itself usually has ugly
default theme settings. It was my dream a few years back that some
kind of integration would allow Edubuntu to do the desktop stuff and
Debian Edu the servers, but now I realise how impossible that is.  A
second disadvantage is that if something goes wrong, or you need to
customise something, then suddenly the level of expertise required
multiplies. For example, backup wasn&#39;t working properly in Lenny. It
took me ages to learn how to set up my own server to do rsync backups.
I am afraid of anything to do with ldap, but perhaps Gosa will
help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which free software do you use daily?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nowadays I only use Debian on my personal computers. I have one for
studio work (I play guitar and write songs), running AV Linux
(customised Debian) a netbook running Squeeze, and a bigger laptop
still running Skolelinux Lenny workstation. I have a Tjener in my
house, that&#39;s very useful for the family photos and music.  At school
the students only use Skolelinux. (Some teachers and the office still
have windows). So that means we only use free software all day every
day. Open office, The GIMP, Firefox/Iceweasel, VLC and Audacity are
installed on every computer in school, irrespective of OS.  We also
have Koha on Debian for the library, and Apache, Moodle, b2evolution
and Etomite on Debian for the www. The firewall is Untangle.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
get schools to use free software?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Current trends are in our favour. Open source is big in industry,
and ordinary people have heard of it. The spread of Android and the
popularity of Apple have helped to weaken the impression that you have
to have Microsoft on everything. People complain to me much less about
file formats and Word than they did 5 years ago.  The Edu aspect is
also a selling point. This is all customised for schools. Where is the
Windows-edu, or the Mac-edu?  But of course the main attraction is
budget.The trick is to convince people that the quality is not
compromised when you stop paying and use free software instead. That
is one reason why I say the desktop experience is a weakness. People
are not impressed when their USB drive doesn&#39;t work, or their browser
doesn&#39;t play flash, for example.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux / Debian Edu Squeeze is out!</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux___Debian_Edu_Squeeze_is_out_.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux___Debian_Edu_Squeeze_is_out_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 11 Mar 2012 23:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;This weekend we finally published the first stable release of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux / Debian Edu&lt;/a&gt; based
on Debian/Squeeze.  The full announcement is
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/03/msg00001.html&quot;&gt;available&lt;/a&gt;
from the project announcement list.  Now is a good time to test if it
you have not done so already.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I plan to present the new version at
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/aktiviteter/20120313-skolelinux/&quot;&gt;a NUUG
meeting&lt;/a&gt; on tuesday.  I look forward to seeing you there if you are
in Oslo, Norway.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Kåre Nordby</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__K_re_Nordby.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__K_re_Nordby.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 12 Mar 2012 21:10:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Første ut i serien med intervjuer av folk i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-miljøet etter at
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/03/msg00001.html&quot;&gt;ny
versjon av Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; ble lansert i helga, er nylig valgte
styremedlem i foreningen
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&quot;&gt;Fri programvare i
Skolen&lt;/a&gt; (FRiSK) som organiserer
Skolelinux-utviklingen og daglig leder i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slxdrift.no/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux Drift AS&lt;/a&gt;, selskapet
prosjektet opprettet som et tilbud til skoler som ønsket en
kommersiell samarbeidsparter.  Det bør nevnes at jeg er styremedlem i
Skolelinux Drift AS og styreleder i selskapets hovedeier stiftelsen
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.linuxiskolen.no/slxdebianlabs/&quot;&gt;SLX Debian Labs&lt;/a&gt;
som beskytter verdiene til Skolelinux-prosjektet, og kjenner Kåre den
veien.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg har siden januar 2010 vært daglig leder i Skolelinux Drift AS,
som leverer support, installasjon, tilpasning, drift, og opplæring på
Debian Edu / Skolelinux. Fra 2012 er jeg valgt inn som styremedlem i
FRiSK.  Min forrige jobb var som KAM i Redpill Linpro (som er en av
eierne i Skolelinux Drift).  Før det var jeg daglig leder i et eget 7
manns konsulent selskap som også startet med fri programvare mot
slutten.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg hørte om det først når jeg jobbet i Redpill Linpro.  Men jeg
har også en datter som går på en friskole, som også bruker Skolelinux.
Som kjent har ikke friskoler de samme økonomiske rammebetingelsene som
offentlige skoler, så for dem var det det absolutt beste alternativet.
De anser også Skolelinux som et stabilt system, som bare går og går (i
motsetning til det lille Windows-baserte nettverket de har på
admin-siden).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sentralisert drift av tynne og diskløse arbeidsstasjoner. Således
lydløse og raskere arbeidsstasjoner som er bedre i klasserommet.
Lengre levetid på PC&#39;er.  Store besparelser på maskinvare og drift. Og
så klart fjerning av alle lisenskostnader. Personlig synes jeg også at
mange av programmene er bedre enn alternativene. Men dette er ofte en
smakssak og avhengig om man må ha det man er vant til fra før.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For lite kjentskap til løsningen.  Noen ganger for dårlig
kompatibilitet med arbeidsstasjoners/bærbare maskiner sine
nettverksdrivere eller skjermkort. Men dette løser vi i skolene ved
standardisering. Ellers er det få, om nesten ingen, av de kjente
maskinvare / infrastruktur leverandørene til fylkes- / kommuner som
tilbyr denne plattformen.  Skal dette endre seg så må kommunene selv
sette slike krav til leverandørene.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Har brukt OpenOffice.org siden starten (2001 ?), Kun Linux på
desktop siden 2005. Bruker i dag Kubuntu, Libreoffice og ymse annet
programvare til ulik kontorbruk som er lett å installere / teste via
alle programarkivene som finnes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fortsette å presentere flere av de gode eksemplene hvor Debian Edu
/ Skolelinux brukes i kommuner og enkeltskoler.  Vi må få bedre frem
at det er mulig tilknytte både Windows og Mac klienter på denne
plattformen (selv om det vil øke driftskostnadene).  Dette gjøres
mange steder.  Spesielt er det mange lærere som ønsker å bruke
Windows/Mac-bærbare, gjerne som sin private PC også. Det er også mulig
for kommunen å integrere med Active Directory i stedet for OpenLDAP
som kommer med ut av boksen (selv om også dette øker kostnadene).
Dette vil muligens bidra til å fjerne noe motstand hos noen
potensielle brukere / driftpersonell for å ta i bruk noe
nytt. Fremveksten av mobile brukere og nettbrett går i vår favør.
Brukerne blir kjent og vant til flere nye operativsystemer /
brukergrensesnitt. Så utviklerfellesskapet bør jobbe videre med å
integrere flere nye klienttyper, som ultra lav-kostklienter og
nettbrett (blant annet fri programvare-alternativet
&lt;a href=&quot;http://makeplaylive.com/&quot;&gt;Spark&lt;/a&gt; med
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.merproject.org/&quot;&gt;Mer OS&lt;/a&gt; og
&lt;a href=&quot;http://plasma-active.org/&quot;&gt;KDE Active Plasma&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>NUUG-presentasjon: Skolelinux - ferdig oppsatt skolenettløsning</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/NUUG_presentasjon__Skolelinux___ferdig_oppsatt_skolenettl_sning.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/NUUG_presentasjon__Skolelinux___ferdig_oppsatt_skolenettl_sning.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 13 Mar 2012 23:55:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I dag presenterte jeg ny versjon av Skolelinux for NUUGs medlemmer.
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hungry.com/~pere/mypapers/20120313-skolelinux-squeeze.html&quot;&gt;Lysark&lt;/a&gt;
er tilgjengelige allerede og
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/aktiviteter/20120313-skolelinux/&quot;&gt;video-opptak&lt;/a&gt;
kommer så snart videogruppa til NUUG får publisert den.  Jeg kom på
endel punkter om nye ting i Squeeze-utgaven under veis som jeg burde
hatt med, og har sikkert skrevet noe tull på lysarkene som jeg ennå
ikke har oppdaget.  Denne presentasjonen ble smurt ihop på veldig kort
tid, og jeg rakk ikke finpusse den.  Håper den kan være lærerik
likevel.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Writing and translating documentation in Debian Edu</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Writing_and_translating_documentation_in_Debian_Edu.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Writing_and_translating_documentation_in_Debian_Edu.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Fri, 16 Mar 2012 09:55:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Documentation in Debian Edu is provided in several languages, and
it is important to make it both easy to contribute and to keep the
translated versions in sync.  To do this we have come up with what we
believe is a very efficient work flow.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The documentation is written in a
&lt;a href=&quot;http://moinmo.in&quot;&gt;moinmoin wiki&lt;/a&gt; (see for example
&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Squeeze&quot;&gt;the
Squeeze release manual&lt;/a&gt;) with support for exporting the content as
docbook XML.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;This docbook document is given to po4a to extract a gettext style
.pot file with the content, which in turn is used to create .po files
with the translated text.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The .po files are given to translators, and they can always tell
which part of the original wiki document is new or changed.  They can
use their normal translation tools like lokalize or poedit to write
the translation.  There is even a system in place to handle translated
images.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The translated .po files are combined with the original docbook
XML document using po4a to create a translated docbook document.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The final step is to use all the generated docbook files and
create PDF and HTML version of the original and translated documents.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This setup work very well, but have a few issues.  The biggest
issue is that &lt;a href=&quot;http://moinmo.in/DocBook&quot;&gt;the docbook support
we use in moinmoin&lt;/a&gt; is not actively maintained.  The docbook
support is also buggy, and our build system contain workarounds to
make sure the generated docbook is usable despite these bugs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you want to have a look at our setup, it is all there in the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/debian-edu-doc&quot;&gt;debian-edu-doc
package&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu interview: John Ingleby</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__John_Ingleby.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__John_Ingleby.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 19 Mar 2012 21:15:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;
users are spread all across the globe.  The second inteview after
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/03/msg00001.html&quot;&gt;the
Squeeze release&lt;/a&gt; was publised is with John Ingleby, a teacher and
long time Linux user in United Kingdom.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who are you, and how do you spend your days?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I teach ICT part time at the Rudolf Steiner School in Kings
Langley, near London, UK. Previously I worked as a technical
author/trainer while my children attended the school, and I also
contributed to the Schoolforge UK community with the aim of
encouraging UK schools to adopt free/open source software. Five or six
years ago we had about 50 schools interested in some way, but we
weren&#39;t able to convert many of them into sustainable
installations.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux/Debian Edu
project?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skolelinux had two representatives at an early Edubuntu meeting in
London which I attended. However at that time our school network had
just been installed using CentOS, LTSP 4 and GNOME. When LTSP 5 came
along we switched to Edubuntu thin client servers so now we have a
mixed environment which includes Windows PCs and student laptops, as
well as their MacBooks and iPads. However, the proprietary systems
have always been rather problematic, and we never built a GUI for the
LDAP server, so when I discovered Skolelinux is configured for all
these things we decided to try it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;By far the biggest advantage is the Debian Edu community. Apart
from that I have always believed in the same &quot;sustainable computing&quot;
goals that Skolelinux is built on: installing Linux on computers which
would otherwise be thrown away, to provide a reliable, secure and
low-cost IT environment for schools. From my own experience I know
that a part-time person can teach and manage a network of about 25
Linux computers, but it would take much more of my time if we had
proprietary software everywhere.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As a newcomer I&#39;m just finding out who&#39;s who in the community and
how you&#39;re organised, and what your procedures are for dealing with
various things such as editing manual pages and so-on. The only
English language mailing list seems to be for developers as well as
users, so my inbox needs heavy pruning each day!&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which free software do you use daily?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Besides the software already mentioned at school we use Samba,
OpenLDAP, CUPS, Nagios and Dansguardian for the network, and on the
desktops we have LibreOffice, Firefox, GIMP and Inkscape. At home I
use Ubuntu and an Android 4 eePad Transformer (but I&#39;m not sure if
that counts...)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
get schools to use free software?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;That&#39;s a tough question! For very many years UK schools installed
and taught only proprietary software, so that at the highest levels
the notion of &quot;computer&quot; means simply &quot;proprietary office
applications&quot;.  However, schools today are experiencing budget
constraints, and many are having to think hard about upgrading Windows
XP.  At the same time, we have students showing teachers how to use
iPads, MacBooks and Android, so the choice of operating system is no
longer quite so automatic. What is more, our government at last
realised that we need people with programming skills, so they&#39;re
putting coding back in the curriculum! And it&#39;s encouraging that the
first 10,000 Raspberry Pi units sold out in 2 hours.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I don&#39;t really know what strategy is going to get UK schools to use
free software, but building an active community of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu users in this country has to be part of it.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Større PC-tetthet i skolen med Skolelinux?</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/St_rre_PC_tetthet_i_skolen_med_Skolelinux_.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/St_rre_PC_tetthet_i_skolen_med_Skolelinux_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 19 Mar 2012 23:25:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Den siste uka har det vært en del skriverier om hvor store
forskjeller det er mellom skolene når det gjelder digital kompetanse.
Et eksempel er
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.digi.no/891660/bekymret-for-it-i-skolen&quot;&gt;oppslaget
i Digi&lt;/a&gt;.  Diskusjonen fikk meg til å bli litt nysgjerrig på om
Linux-skoler har større PC-tettet enn snittet i landet.  Grunnlaget
for diskusjonen har vært undersøkelsen
&lt;a href=&quot;https://iktsenteret.no/ressurser/monitor-2011-skolens-digitale-tilstand&quot;&gt;Monitor
2011&lt;/a&gt;, som bruker informasjon fra
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wis.no/gsi&quot;&gt;Grunnskolens Informasjonssystem&lt;/a&gt;
(GSI).  GSI-data kan lastes ned fra web og jeg lastet ned en Excel-fil
(intet åpen standard-valg tilgjengelig) med navn på alle skoler,
hvilke kommune de befinner seg i og hvor mange elever pr. elev-PC de
har rapportert inn.  For å få en ide om svaret trenger jeg deretter å
vite hvilke skoler i landet som bruker Linux, slik at jeg kan slå dem
opp i GSI og finne ut hvor stor PC-tetthet de har.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg vet om skoler i Balsfjord, Flora, Harstad, Kongsvinger, Narvik,
Nittedal, Nord-Odal, Randaberg og Sunndal som bruker Skolelinux eller
andre Linux-varianter.  Jeg tror det er flere enn de 56 skolene jeg
har klart å identifisere de siste dagene, men har ikke klart å få det
bekreftet med offentlige kilder.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Monitor 2011-rapporteres side 95 forteller at det &quot;ifølge GSI
(20120-2011) er det 3,11 elever per datamaskin når vi tar med alle
grunnskoler (1.-10.trinn)&quot;.  For de 56 Linux-skolene jeg har klart å
koble mot informasjon i GSI er det 2,28 elever per elevdatamaskin,
hvilket betyr at det er 36% høyere PC-tetthet på Linux-skoler enn
landsgjennomsnittet.  Linux-skolen med høyest tettet blant de jeg har
notert -skole er Flora ungdomsskule i Flora kommune med 0.82 elev
pr. PC (482 elever, 588 elevdatamaskiner).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skolelinux gir datamaskiner lengre levetid, og en kan dermed få
flere operative datamaskiner for samme budsjett, i tillegg til en
rekke andre fordeler.  Kan det være forklaringen på forskjellen?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tallene må tas med en liten klype, da GSI ser ut til å ha endel
feilføringer.  Jeg synes i hvert fall en skole med 423 elever og 9
elevmaskiner ser mistenkelig ut.  Eller en skole med 346 elever, 0
elevmaskiner, som er et annet ekstremt eksempel jeg fant.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Takk til Sturle Sunde, Klaus Ade Johnstad, Ole-Anders Andreassen og
Trond Mæhlum for innspill om skoler med Linux.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu screencast: Checking email with kmail using Kerberos authentication</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_screencast__Checking_email_with_kmail_using_Kerberos_authentication.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_screencast__Checking_email_with_kmail_using_Kerberos_authentication.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 25 Mar 2012 10:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;!-- Video HTML based on http://www.diveintohtml5.net/video.html --&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The same Debian Edu developer that did the last screen cast I
published, Wolfgang Schweer, has created a new screen cast showing how
to set up Kmail in Debian Edu Squeze to authenticate using Kerberos,
allowing users to check their local email account without providing
any password. The video is embedded here in quarter size,
and also available from &lt;a href=&quot;https://vimeo.com/38601767&quot;&gt;vimeo&lt;/a&gt;
and download as a
&lt;a href=&quot;http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux/press/screencasts/2012-03-14-Debian-Edu_Configure_Kmail_for_internal_usage.ogv&quot;&gt;Ogg
Theora&lt;/a&gt; file.  Check it out below.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;video id=&quot;kmail-kerberos-movie&quot; width=&quot;256&quot; height=&quot;184&quot; preload controls&gt;
  &lt;source src=&quot;http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux/press/screencasts/2012-03-14-Debian-Edu_Configure_Kmail_for_internal_usage.ogv&quot; type=&#39;video/ogg; codecs=&quot;theora, vorbis&quot;&#39; /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;Download video as
      &lt;a href=&quot;http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux/press/screencasts/2012-03-14-Debian-Edu_Configure_Kmail_for_internal_usage.ogv&quot;&gt;Ogg&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;/video&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Roy-Arne Myhre</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Roy_Arne_Myhre.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Roy_Arne_Myhre.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 28 Mar 2012 15:15:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I serien med intervjuer av folk i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-miljøet, får vi
denne gangen høre fra en IKT-ansvarlig som har brukt Skolelinux i
mange år, og vært storfornøyd med erfaringene så langt.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mitt navn er Roy-Arne Myhre og jeg er 42 år.  Jeg er ansatt hos
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sandskole.no/&quot;&gt;Sand skole&lt;/a&gt; (Balsfjord kommune)
og har stort sett vært det siden 1990.  Jeg er IKT ansvarlig ved
skolen i 40% stilling – 10% undervisning – musikk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ved skolen er det ca 100 elever og ca 18 lærere + 4 assistenter i
hele og delte stillinger. Alle lærerne har bærbar PC (dessverre med
Win Vista) – assistenter har tilgang til egne. Vi benytter Fronter i
det daglige arbeidet.  Vi har ca 90 elevmaskiner som fungerer til
daglig opp mot Linux server (XFCE) som driftes av
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bzz.no/&quot;&gt;BzzWare AS&lt;/a&gt; via nett. Maskinparken
består kun av brukt utstyr for elevene – og noe av dette begynner å
bli vel gammelt selv som halvtykke klienter.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med
Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi kom første gang i kontakt med Skolelinux rundt 1997. Den gang
var det oppstart-disketter i hver maskin, ikke mulighet for lyd og
video, gamle nettverkskort og mye plundring.  Vi hadde en ihuga
forelder med som pådriver, forsker og inspirator for hele opplegget.
Selv ante jeg knapt at Skolelinux fantes, men han var av den
utforskende typen, og fikk både meg og skolelederen i trua på at dette
var ting som kunne fungere.  Etter dette har det gått gradvis
framover; flere maskiner er hentet inn gjennom bl.a
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.greentech.no/&quot;&gt;Greentech&lt;/a&gt; og utrangert utstyr
fra høgskole / Avinor og private givere. Når maskinene ble for trege
for nye Windows-versjoner, sto vi klare til å putte dem i nettverket
vårt.  Dette betyr at vi i dag har 1:1 dekning av maskiner på
ungdomstrinnet og bedre enn 1:2 på barnetrinnet. Dette er vi veldig
fornøyd med, og vi kan ikke se for oss hverdagen som ville vært
alternativet ved bruk av Windows med sine lisenser pr. Bruker/maskin.
Da ville vi nok vært tilbake til 1-2 maskiner pr klasserom med de
negative konsekvenser det ville hatt for undervisningsformene våre. Vi
kan ha en hel klasse i prosjektjobbing eller individuell jobbing
samtidig – vi kan avholde tentamen og eksamen uten
logistikkproblemer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Hvor skal jeg begynne... Stabiliteten er et nøkkelord - det bare
virker.  Har du først fått en server med Skolelinux opp og gå, så må
det en maskinarefeil eller sabotasje til for å stoppe den.  Det at man
kan bruke eldre maskiner som normalt sett ville gått på dynga, er også
glimrende - billig for skoler med dårlig økonomi og bra for miljøet
siden vi gjenbruker utstyr i stedet for å skaffe nytt. Vi ville aldri
hatt mulighet til å operere med det maskinantallet vi har pr i dag
hvis det ikke var for Skolelinux - så tilgjengelighet er et annet
nøkkelord. Et tredje moment er sikkerhet og brukertilgang. Alle
brukerer opererer med egne brukernavn og passord, samt egne
brukerområder som kan tilpasses for både enbrukertilgang og for
samarbeid med andre.

Elever har godt av å se at det finnes andre alternativer enn de som
storindustrien selger på lisensbasis - på den måten trenes de opp til
å se flere muligheter og å foreta valg ut fra flere opsjoner.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ulempene med Skolelinux er nok utbredelsen og mangelen på kjennskap
til dette i skolenorge.  De som skal ta økonomiske avgjørelser rynker
på nesen og vil gå for det kjente og «sikre» selv om det koster mye
mer. Man får rett og slett litt hetta av å ikke kunne noe – og unngår
dette for enhver pris.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I tillegg er mye av linux-systemet administrert av tekstkommandoer
og er lite intuitiv/visuell for oss som ikke er «inne i»
kildekodene». Så problemet er nok mye godt at de som
utarbeider/drifter Skolelinux ikke helt klarer å sette seg ned på
skoleadministratorens nivå når det gjelder problemer og
utfordringer. Men dette er nok en utfordring alle administratorer
sliter med uansett OS.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Derfor har vi valgt å støtte oss til BzzWare AS for assistanse i
drifta slik at jeg har kunnet konsentrere meg mer om kabling, skifting
av komponenter, veiledning av lærere og elever, vedlikehold av
skrivere og annen daglig drift.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Elevene mestrer Skolelinux helt fint.  Så lenge Internett
(Iceweasel) og Libreoffice (Openoffice) fungerer er 90% av
skolehverdagen velfungerende. I tillegg brukes jo en del av den
pedagogiske programpakken bla. i forhold til matematikk og geografi,
men det er såpass mye bra på nett om dagen, så disse programmene er
mer som krydder å regne.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg skulle ønske neste versjon av Skolelinux kunne komme litt
mindre stappet med programmer, for halvparten blir aldri brukt, eller
fungerer ikke uansett.  Hva med et pedagogisk panel av lærere/IKT
ansvarlige som kunne sagt: disse programmene skal være standard, så
får resten være slike man kan legge til ved behov – det kan lett bli
en jungel å bevege seg i.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg ønsker meg også en mer grafisk versjon av
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bzz.no/lwat/trac/trac.cgi&quot;&gt;Lwat&lt;/a&gt; hvor man kan krysse
ut de som f.eks ikke skal ha internett-tilgang en dag pga
eksamen/tentamen, samt en noe enklere brannmurløsning hvor man kan
stenge for en del (få) sider på en enkel måte.  Jeg liker godt
Skolelinux sin ideologi om at filteret skal trenes i hodet på eleven –
men av og til skulle jeg ønske at f.eks Facebook og Youtube kunne vært
koblet vekk en periode for å få bedre utnyttelse av tid og
ressurser. Disse to nettstedene er nok mye av årsaken til at mange
lærere holder igjen databruken noe mer enn man kunne ønske.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Jeg benytter nesten bare fri programvare til daglig. LibreOffice,
Iceweasel (Firefox), Thunderbird til e-post og Gimp til
bildebehandling.  Vi har PHP-Nuke-oppsatt hjemmeside. Det eneste som
jeg ikke har fått helt til enda er videoredigering - her må man vel
innrømme at Mac er hakket over, men da er vi igjen over på å se hva
som egner seg best, og ta valg ut fra det. Folk flest lever i
villfarelsen om at regneark HETER Excel og tekstbehandling HETER
Word. Dette er en misforståelse som jeg bruker mye energi på å
diskutere og &quot;åpne sinn&quot; på Microsoft-slaver.  Dessverre er det mange
IKT-ansvarlige som også har låst seg på at det eneste saliggjørende er
Bill G sine produkter.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For å komme lenger i utbredelsen av Skolelinux tror jeg det må mer
fram i nasjonale medier, samt komme bedre fram hva økonomien i dette
valget vil være – samt mulighetene. Fri programvare er en berikelse og
gjør oss i stand til å utføre arbeidet i skolen uten å måtte legge
igjen tusener på tusener i Bill Gates lomme.. Få ETT nettsted med
forståelig veiledning av installasjon/oppgradering og ETT forum med
konkrete feilrettinger og problemer, så tror jeg vi kunne kommet et
par skritt framover. Ellers tror jeg bare at ildsjelene må fortsette å
skinne – kanskje flere enn oss følger etter på veien.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Linux-skoler har høyere PC-tetthet enn landsgjennomsnittet - pressemelding fra FRiSK</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Linux_skoler_har_h_yere_PC_tetthet_enn_landsgjennomsnittet___pressemelding_fra_FRiSK.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Linux_skoler_har_h_yere_PC_tetthet_enn_landsgjennomsnittet___pressemelding_fra_FRiSK.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Fri, 30 Mar 2012 19:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I dag har &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no&quot;&gt;FRiSK&lt;/a&gt;
sendt ut følgende pressemelding basert på mine beregninger av
PC-tetthet på Linux-skoler:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Linux-skoler har høyere PC-tetthet enn
landsgjennomsnittet&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Oslo, 30 Mars 2012&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er store forskjeller på skolenes digitale tilstand, viser
undersøkelsen Monitor 2011 som er laget på oppdrag fra
Kunnskapsdepartementet. Dette har ført til debatt om PC-tilgangen i
skolen, og om de med Linux i skolen gjør det bedre bedre eller
dårligere enn snittet i landet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nå har vi tallene. Skoler med Linux har 36% større PC-tetthet en
landsgjennomsnittet. På spørsmål hvorfor skoler med Linux har større
PC-tetthet, observerer Paul Reidar Løsnesløkken som er IKT-konsulent i
Nord-Odal:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Vi erfarer at klienter med Skolelinux har god funksjon
til de er 8 til 10 år gamle. Dette er omtrent dobbelt så lenge som
andre løsninger, og skolene får mer datautstyr for
pengene.&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Undersøkelsen baserer seg på 56 skoler som har gjort det offentlig
at de kjører Skolelinux eller annen Linux-utgave. De kan også ha PC-er
med Windows i skolenettet. Når en sammenligner PC-tetthetene på
skolene i kommunene Flora, Harstad, Kongsvinger, Narvik, Nittedal,
Nord-Odal og Randaberg, er det i snitt 2,28 elev pr. PC på skolene med
Linux. På landsbasis er det 3.11 elev per PC i grunnskolen, i følge
side 95 i Monitor-rapporten for 2011. Målingen viser dermed 36% større
PC-tetthet i skoler med Linux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Om Skolelinux/Debian Edu&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skolelinux har til hensikt å gi alle barn full tilgang til
skoleaktuelle dataprogram på sitt eget morsmål. Derfor følger det med
godt over 100 skoleaktuelle programmene laget for læring. De fleste
programmene er oversatt til over 50 språk. Elevene skal også kunne
studere alle sider av dataprogrammene. Derfor følger også kildekode
med. Elever med interesse kan lære av eksperter som har laget
systemet. Dette med enkelt programmering i læreprogram som KTurtle,
til profesjonelle verktøy som Qt Creator eller Java.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skolelinux er laget for sentralisert drift, der alt teknisk
administrasjon av alle skolene kan gjøres sentralt fra kommunehuset
eller sentralt i en region.  F.eks. drifter to-tre personer 70.000
skoledatamaskiner på 200 skoler i delstaten Extremadura i
Spania. Etter velykket bruk av Debian Edu i skolen, legger delstaten
over til Debian på 40.000 datamaskiner i administrasjonen. Det er idag
mange selskap som tilbyr profesjonell støtte til innføring og drift i
Norge og verden.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Om FRiSK&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Medlemsforeningen Fri Programvare i Skolen organiserer
dugnadsprosjektet som står bak Skolelinux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kontaktperson&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Knut Yrvin&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Leder av Fri Programvare i Skolen (FRISK)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Epost: knuty at skolelinux.no
&lt;br&gt;Mobil: +47 93 479 561&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Referanser&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;

 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;http://www.skolelinux.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&quot;&gt;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Download&quot;&gt;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wis.no/gsi&quot;&gt;https://www.wis.no/gsi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://iktsenteret.no/sites/iktsenteret.no/files/attachments/monitor2011.pdf&quot;&gt;http://iktsenteret.no/sites/iktsenteret.no/files/attachments/monitor2011.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/St_rre_PC_tetthet_i_skolen_med_Skolelinux_.html&quot;&gt;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/St_rre_PC_tetthet_i_skolen_med_Skolelinux_.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://init.linpro.no/pipermail/skolelinux.no/linuxiskolen/2012-March/018500.html&quot;&gt;https://init.linpro.no/pipermail/skolelinux.no/linuxiskolen/2012-March/018500.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu interview: Wolfgang Schweer</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Wolfgang_Schweer.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Wolfgang_Schweer.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 1 Apr 2012 23:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Germany is a core area for the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu and Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;
user community, and this time I managed to get hold of Wolfgang
Schweer, a valuable contributor to the project from Germany.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who are you, and how do you spend your days?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I&#39;ve studied Mathematics at the university &#39;Ruhr-Universität&#39; in
Bochum, Germany. Since 1981 I&#39;m working as a teacher at the school
&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.westfalenkolleg-dortmund.de/&quot;&gt;Westfalen-Kolleg
Dortmund&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, a second chance school.  Here, young adults is given
the opportunity to get further education in order to do the school
examination &#39;Abitur&#39;, which will allow to study at a university. This
second chance is of value for those who want a better job perspective
or failed to get a higher school examination being teens.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Besides teaching I was involved in developing online courses for a
blended learning project called &#39;abitur-online.nrw&#39; and in some other
information technology related projects. For about ten years I&#39;ve been
teacher and coordinator for the &#39;abitur-online&#39; project at my
school. Being now in my early sixties, I&#39;ve decided to leave school at
the end of April this year.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux/Debian Edu
project?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The first information about Skolelinux must have come to my
attention years ago and somehow related to LTSP (Linux Terminal Server
Project).  At school, we had set up a network at the beginning of 1997
using Suse Linux on the desktop, replacing a Novell network. Since
2002, we used old machines from the city council of Dortmund as thin
clients (LTSP, later Ubuntu/Lessdisks) cause new hardware was out of
reach. At home I&#39;m using Debian since years and - subscribed to the
Debian news letter - heard from time to time about Skolelinux. About
two years ago I proposed to replace the (somehow undocumented and only
known to me) system at school by a well known Debian based system:
Skolelinux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Students and teachers appreciated the new system because of a
better look and feel and an enhanced access to local media on thin
clients.  The possibility to alter and/or reset passwords using a GUI
was welcomed, too. Being able to do administrative tasks using a GUI
and to easily set up workstations using PXE was of very high value for
the admin teachers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It&#39;s open source, easy to set up, stable and flexible due to it&#39;s
Debian base. It integrates LTSP out-of-the-box. And it is documented!
So it was a perfect choice.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Being open source, there are no license problems and so it&#39;s
possible to point teachers and students to programs like
OpenOffice.org, ViewYourMind (mind mapping) and The Gimp.  It&#39;s of
high value to be able to adapt parts of the system to special needs of
a school and to choose where to get support for this.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nothing yet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which free software do you use daily?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At home (Debian Sid with Gnome Desktop): Iceweasel, LibreOffice,
Mutt, Gedit, Document Viewer, Midnight Commander, flpsed (PDF
Annotator).  At school (Skolelinux Lenny): Iceweasel, Gedit,
LibreOffice.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
get schools to use free software?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some time ago I thought it was enough to tell people about it. But
that doesn&#39;t seem to work quite well. Now I concentrate on those more
interested and hope to get multiplicators that way.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu in the Linux Weekly News</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_in_the_Linux_Weekly_News.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_in_the_Linux_Weekly_News.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 5 Apr 2012 08:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;About two weeks ago, I was interviewed via email about
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu and Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; by
Bruce Byfield in Linux Weekly News.  The result was made public for
non-subscribers today.  I am pleased to see liked our Linux solution
for schools.  Check out his article
&lt;a href=&quot;https://lwn.net/Articles/488805/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu/Skolelinux: A
distribution for education&lt;/a&gt; if you want to learn more.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Why the KDE menu is slow when /usr/ is NFS mounted - and a workaround</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Why_the_KDE_menu_is_slow_when__usr__is_NFS_mounted___and_a_workaround.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Why_the_KDE_menu_is_slow_when__usr__is_NFS_mounted___and_a_workaround.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Fri, 6 Apr 2012 22:40:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Recently I have spent time with
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slxdrift.no/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux Drift AS&lt;/a&gt; on speeding
up a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;
Lenny installation using LTSP diskless workstations, and in the
process I discovered something very surprising.  The reason the KDE
menu was responding slow when using it for the first time, was mostly
due to the way KDE find application icons.  I discovered that showing
the Multimedia menu would cause more than 20 000 IP packages to be
passed between the LTSP client and the NFS server.  Most of these were

NFS LOOKUP calls, resulting in a NFS3ERR_NOENT response.  Because the
ping times between the client and the server were in the range 2-20
ms, the menus would be very slow.  Looking at the strace of kicker in
Lenny (or plasma-desktop i Squeeze - same problem there), I see that
the source of these NFS calls are access(2) system calls for
non-existing files.  KDE can do hundreds of access(2) calls to find
one icon file.  In my example, just finding the mplayer icon required
around 230 access(2) calls.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The KDE code seem to search for icons using a list of icon
directories, and the list of possible directories is large.  In
(almost) each directory, it look for files ending in .png, .svgz, .svg
and .xpm.  The result is a very slow KDE menu when /usr/ is NFS
mounted.  Showing a single sub menu may result in thousands of NFS
requests.  I am not the first one to discover this.  I found a
&lt;a href=&quot;https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=211416&quot;&gt;KDE bug report
from 2009&lt;/a&gt; about this problem, and it is still unsolved.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My solution to speed up the KDE menu was to create a package
kde-icon-cache that upon installation will look at all .desktop files
used to generate the KDE menu, find their icons, search the icon paths
for the file that KDE will end up finding at run time, and copying the
icon file to /var/lib/kde-icon-cache/.  Finally, I add symlinks to
these icon files in one of the first directories where KDE will look
for them.  This cut down the number of file accesses required to find
one icon from several hundred to less than 5, and make the KDE menu
almost instantaneous.  I&#39;m not quite sure where to make the package
publicly available, so for now it is only available on request.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The bug report mention that this do not only affect the KDE menu
and icon handling, but also the login process.  Not quite sure how to
speed up that part without replacing NFS with for example NBD, and
that is not really an option at the moment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you got feedback on this issue, please let us know on debian-edu
(at) lists.debian.org.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu interview: Justin B. Rye</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Justin_B__Rye.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Justin_B__Rye.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 8 Apr 2012 10:50:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;It take all kind of contributions to create a Linux distribution
like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;,
and this time I lend the ear to Justin B. Rye, who is listed as a big
contributor to the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Squeeze&quot;&gt;Debian
Edu Squeeze release manual&lt;/a&gt;.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who are you, and how do you spend your days?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I&#39;m a 44-year-old linguistics graduate living in Edinburgh who has
occasionally been employed as a sysadmin.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux/Debian Edu
project?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I&#39;m neither a developer nor a Skolelinux/Debian Edu user!  The only
reason my name&#39;s in the credits for the documentation is that I hang
around on debian-l10n-english waiting for people to mention things
they&#39;d like a native English speaker to proofread...  So I did a sweep
through the wiki for typos and Norglish and inconsistent spellings of
&quot;localisation&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These questions are too hard for me - I don&#39;t use it!  In fact I
had hardly any contact with I.T. until long after I&#39;d got out of the
education system.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I can tell you the advantages of Debian for me though: it soaks up
as much of my free time as I want and no more, and lets me do
everything I want a computer for without ever forcing me to spend
money on the latest hardware.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which free software do you use daily?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I&#39;ve been using Debian since Rex; popularity-contest says the
software that I use most is xinit, xterm, and xulrunner (in other
words, I use a distinctly retro sort of desktop).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
get schools to use free software?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Well, I don&#39;t know.  I suppose I&#39;d be inclined to try reasoning
with the people who make the decisions, but obviously if that worked
you would hardly need a strategy.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu interview: Andreas Mundt</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Andreas_Mundt.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Andreas_Mundt.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 15 Apr 2012 12:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Behind &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu and
Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; there are a lot of people doing the hard work of
setting together all the pieces.  This time I present to you Andreas
Mundt, who have been part of the technical development team several
years.  He was also a key contributor in getting GOsa and Kerberos set
up in the recently released
&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Squeeze&quot;&gt;Debian
Edu Squeeze&lt;/a&gt; version.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who are you, and how do you spend your days?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My name is Andreas Mundt, I grew up in south Germany.  After
studying Physics I spent several years at university doing research in
Quantum Optics.  After that I worked some years in an optics company.
Finally I decided to turn over a new leaf in my life and started
teaching 10 to 19 years old kids at school.  I teach math, physics,
information technology and science/technology.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux/Debian Edu
project?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Already before I switched to teaching, I followed the Debian Edu
project because of my interest in education and Debian.  Within the
qualification/training period for the teaching, I started
contributing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The advantages of Debian Edu are the well known name, the
out-of-the-box philosophy and of course the great free software of the
Debian Project!&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As every coin has two sides, the out-of-the-box philosophy has its
downside, too.  In my opinion, it is hard to modify and tweak the
setup, if you need or want that.  Further more, it is not easily
possible to upgrade the system to a new release.  It takes much too
long after a Debian release to prepare the -Edu release, perhaps
because the number of developers working on the core of the code is
rather small and often busy elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianLAN&quot;&gt;Debian LAN&lt;/a&gt;
project might fill the use case of a more flexible system.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which free software do you use daily?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I am only using non-free software if I am forced to and run Debian
on all my machines.  For documents I prefer LaTeX and PGF/TikZ, then
mutt and iceweasel for email respectively web browsing.  At school I
have Arduino and Fritzing in use for a micro controller project.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
get schools to use free software?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One of the major problems is the vendor lock-in from top to bottom:
Especially in combination with ignorant government employees and
politicians, this works out great for the &quot;market-leader&quot;.  The school
administration here in Baden-Wuerttemberg is occupied by that vendor.
Documents have to be prepared in non-free, proprietary formats.  Even
free browsers do not work for the school administration.  Publishers
of school books provide software only for proprietary platforms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To change this, political work is very important.  Parts of the
political spectrum have become aware of the problem in the last years.
However it takes quite some time and courageous politicians to &#39;free&#39;
the system.  There is currently some discussion about &quot;Open Data&quot; and
&quot;Free/Open Standards&quot;.  I am not sure if all the involved parties have
a clue about the potential of these ideas, and probably only a
fraction takes them seriously.  However it might slowly make free
software and the philosophy behind it more known and popular.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Forskning: &quot;GPL gir lokal frihet og kontroll gjennom omfordeling av makt fra produsent til bruker&quot;</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Forskning___GPL_gir_lokal_frihet_og_kontroll_gjennom_omfordeling_av_makt_fra_produsent_til_bruker_.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Forskning___GPL_gir_lokal_frihet_og_kontroll_gjennom_omfordeling_av_makt_fra_produsent_til_bruker_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Da jeg googlet etter noe annet kom jeg tilfeldigvis over
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.duo.uio.no/sok/work.html?WORKID=58309&quot;&gt;en
hovedfagsoppgave&lt;/a&gt; ved Universitetet i Oslo som diskuterer verdien
av GPLs fire friheter for brukerne av IT-systemer.  Jeg ble fascinert
over det som presenteres der.  Her er sammendraget:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Motivasjonen til å skrive denne oppgaven er en personlig undring
over hvorfor det primært, og ofte eksklusivt, fokuseres på det
økonomiske aspektet ved utredninger om fri programvare er et godt valg
for det offentlige. Fri og produsenteid programvare bygger på
fundamentalt forskjellige ideologier som kan ha implikasjoner utover
økonomiske kostnader. Kunnskapskulturen som er med på å definere fri
programvare er basert på åpenhet, og er en verdi i seg selv.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Oppgavens tema er programvarelisensen GPL og frihet. GPL-lisensiert
programvare gir visse friheter i forhold til produsenteid
programvare. Mitt spørsmål er om, og eventuelt i hvilken utstrekning,
disse frihetene blir benyttet av ulike brukere og hvordan de
manifesterer seg for disse brukerne. Sentrale spørsmål i oppgaven
er:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hvordan fordeles handlekraft gjennom lisensieringen av programvaren?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hvilke konsekvenser har programvarelisensen for de ulike brukere? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fri programvare gir blant annet brukeren mulighet til å studere og
modifisere kildekoden. Denne formen for frihet erverves gjennom
kunnskap og krever at brukeren også er en ekspert. Hva skjer med
frihetene til GPL når sluttbrukeren er en annen? Dette diskuteres i
dialog med informantene.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg har i denne oppgaven samlet inn intervjudata fra IKT-ansvarlige
ved grunnskolene i Nittedal kommune, driftsansvarlig og IKT-veilederen
for skolene i kommunen, samt IKT-koordinator for utdanning i Akershus
fylkeskommune og bokmåloversettere av OpenOffice.org. Den empiriske
delen av oppgaven er delt inn i to seksjoner; den første omhandler
operativsystemet Skolelinux, den andre kontorprogrampakken
OpenOffice.org.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Som vi vil se gir GPL lokal frihet og kontroll gjennom omfordeling
av makt fra produsent til bruker. Brukerens makt analyseres gjennom
begrepene brukermedvirkning og handlingsfrihet. Det blir også lagt
vekt på strukturelle forhold rundt bruken av teknologi, og spesielt de
økonomiske begrepene nettverkseksternaliteter, innlåsing og
stiavhengighet. Dette er begreper av spesiell nytte når objektet som
omsettes eller distribueres er et kommunikasjonsprodukt, fordi verdien
til et slikt gode for en potensiell bruker avhenger av antall
eksisterende brukere av godet. I tilknytning til denne problematikken
inneholder oppgaven også en diskusjon rundt åpne standarder og
formater.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Oppgaven konkluderer med at de «fire frihetene» som GPL-lisensen er
laget for å beskytte er av avgjørende betydning for bruken av
OpenOffice.org og Skolelinux, i Akershus fylkeskommune såvel som i
skolene i Nittedal. Distribusjonen av handlekraft er ikke helt
symmetrisk. Det er først og fremst de profesjonelle utviklerne i
Skolelinux som direkte kan nyttiggjøre seg friheten til å endre kode,
mens en sluttbruker som Nittedal kommune nyttiggjør seg den økonomiske
friheten til å kunne distribuere programmene. Det er imidlertid også
slik at ingen aktør klarer seg uten alle disse «frihetene».&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg fant også en masteroppgave fra 2006, men der ligger ikke
komplett oppgave tilgjengelig.  På tide å holde et øye med
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.duo.uio.no/sok/search.html?q=skolelinux&quot;&gt;Skolelinux-søket&lt;/a&gt;
til DUO...&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu interview: Jürgen Leibner</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__J_rgen_Leibner.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__J_rgen_Leibner.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 13 May 2012 20:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;It has been a few busy weeks for me, but I am finally back to
publish another interview with the people behind
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu and Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;.
This time it is one of our German developers, who have helped out over the
years to make sure both a lot of major but also a lot of the minor
details get right before release.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who are you, and how do you spend your days?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My name is Jürgen Leibner, I&#39;m 49 years old and living in
Bielefeld, a town in northern Germany.  I worked nearly 20 years as
certified engineer in the department for plant design and layout of an
international company for machinery and equipment.  Since 2011 I&#39;m a
certified technical writer (tekom e.V.) and doing technical
documentations for a steam turbine manufacturer.  From April this year
I will manage the department of technical documentation at a
manufacturer of automation and assembly line engineering.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My first contact with linux was around 1993. Since that time I used
it at work and at home repeatedly but not exclusively as I do now at
home since 2006.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux/Debian Edu
project?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Once a day in the early year of 2001 when I wanted to fetch my
daughter from primary school, there was a teacher sitting in the
middle of 20 old computers trying to boot them and he failed. I helped
him to get them booting. That was seen by the school director and she
asked me if I would like to manage that the school gets all that old
computers in use. I answered: &quot;Yes&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some weeks later every of the 10 classrooms had one computer
running Windows98. I began to collect old computers and equipment as
gifts and installed the first computer room with a peer-to-peer
network. I did my work at school without being payed in my spare time
and with a lot of fun.  About one year later the school was connected
to Internet and a local area network was installed in the school
building.  That was the time to have a server and I knew it must be a
Linux server to be able to fulfil all the wishes of the teachers and
being able to do this in a transparent and economic way, without extra
costs for things like licence and software.  So I searched for a
school server system running under Linux and I found a couple of
people nearby who founded &#39;skolelinux.de&#39;. It was the Skolelinux
prerelease 32 I first tried out for being used at the school.  I
managed the IT of that school until the municipal authority took over
the IT management and centralised the services for all schools in
Bielefeld in December of 2006.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When I&#39;m looking back to the beginning, there were other advantages
for me as today.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the past there were advantages like:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;I don&#39;t need to buy it so it generates no costs to the school as
they had little money to spent for computers and software.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;It has a licence which grands all rights to use it without
cost.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;It was more able to fit all requirements of a server system for
schools than a Microsoft server system, even if there are only Windows
clients because of it&#39;s preconfigured overall concept of being a
infrastructure solution and community for schools, not only a
server&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;I was able to configure the server to the needs of the
school.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Today some of the advantages has been lost, changed or new ones
came up in this way:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Most schools here do have money to buy hardware and software
now.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;They are today mostly managed from central IT departments which
have own concepts which often do not fit to Debian Edu concepts
because they are to close to Microsoft ideology.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;With the Squeeze version of Debian Edu which now uses GOsa² for
management I feel more able to manage the daily tasks than with the
interfaces used in the past.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;It is more modular than in the past and fits even better to the
different needs.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The documentation is usable and gets better every day.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;More people than ever before are using Debian Edu all over the
world and so the community, which is an very important part I think,
is sharing knowledge and minds.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Most, maybe all, of the technical requirements for schools are
solved today by Debian Edu. &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;There are too few IT companies able to integrate Debian Edu into
their product portfolio for serving schools with concepts or even
whole municipality areas.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Debian Edu has beside other free and open software projects not
enough lobbyists which promote free and open software to
politicians.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Technically there are no disadvantages I&#39;m aware of.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which free software do you use daily?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I use Debian stable on my home server and on my little desktop
computer. On my laptop I use Debian testing/sid. The applications I
use on my laptop and my desktop are Open/Libre-office, Iceweasel,
KMail, DigiKam, Amarok, Dolphin, okular and all the other programs I
need from the KDE environment.  On console I use newsbeuter, mutt,
screen, irssi and all the other famous and useful tools.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My home server provides mail services with exim, dovecot, roundcube
and mutt over ssh on the console, file services with samba, NFS,
rsync, web services with apache, moinmoin-wiki, multimedia services
with gallery2 and mediatomb and database services with MySQL for me
and the whole family.  I probably forgot something.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
get schools to use free software?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I believe, we should provide concepts for IT companies to integrate
Debian Edu into their product portfolio with use cases for different
countries and areas all over the world.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Alf Tonny Bätz</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Alf_Tonny_B_tz.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Alf_Tonny_B_tz.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 20 May 2012 11:50:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux-prosjektets&lt;/a&gt;
musiker og mannen bak
&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Manuals/Rosegarden/&quot;&gt;opplæringsdokumentene
i Rosegarden&lt;/a&gt;
(&lt;a href=&quot;http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/nb/rosegarden-manual.html&quot;&gt;norsk
utgave&lt;/a&gt;) for musikklærere, Alf Tonny Bätz, er neste mann ut i min
intervjurunde av folkene bak Skolelinux-løsningen.  Jeg har kjent Alf
Tonny siden vi møttes som barn på påskefjellet i Ofoten, og ble
gledelig overrasket da han dukket opp i Skolelinux-prosjektet etter å
ikke ha sett noe til ham på mange år.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg er utdannet kokk av yrke, og har utøvet yrket i 12 år.  Men
etter at ryggen sa takk før seg, studerte jeg nettverksadministrasjon
ved Næringsakademiet i Bergen årene 2008-2009 slik at jeg kunne
forfølge en av mine største interesser - data.  Til daglig jobber jeg
ved &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.narvikskolen.no/parken/&quot;&gt;Parken
ungdomsskole&lt;/a&gt; med å drifte skolens PC-er. Har også litt
musikkundervisning.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mitt mål er å bevisstgjøre musikklærene mulighetene med de frie
programmene som finnes i Skolelinux, blant annet Rosegarden.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Har i mange år drevet med musikk og en av grunnen til at Rosegarden
falt i smak for min del, var fordi denne fungere og ligner mest på
Windows-programmet (cubase) jeg jobbet mye med da jeg i mine yngre
dager var «Windows fanatiker».  Ble introdusert til Linux av en kompis
av meg for omtrent 14 år siden, og har bare blitt mer og mer glad i
dette operativsystemet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Da jeg ble sykemeldt fra min gamle jobb, og måtte omskoleres,
havnet jeg i 2007 sammen med Viggo Fedreheim på IKT-avdelingen i
Narvik kommune, der ble jeg for første gang introdusert til
Skolelinuxprosjektet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skolelinux er enkelt å holde i drift og masse flotte programmer som
geogebra, ktouch og kgeografi følger med pakken.  Man kan ta i bruk
gamle PC-er igjen, slik at skoler med dårlig råd får opp en brukbar
PC-park.  PC-er som er ca 6-9 år gamle fungere tilfredstillende, bare
de har 512 MB RAM eller mer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ulempene er at noen av de pedagogiske programmene som lærene ønsker
å bruke fungere dårlig med Linux.  Mye pga. av at disse programmene
blir ikke laget til Linuxbaserte operativsystemer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Video- og bilde-redigering har dessverre en del mangler, mange av
programmene har en tendens til og krasje.  Det gjelder blant annet
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kdenlive.org/&quot;&gt;kdenlive&lt;/a&gt; og
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.openshotvideo.com/&quot;&gt;openshot&lt;/a&gt;, for å nevne
noen.  De er ikke stabile nok.  Når elevene kommer med filmsnutter de
ønsker og jobbe med, så godtar ikke programmene filene, og når elevene
jobber med redigering bare krasjer programmene uten forvarsel.  Det er
for vanskelig å få noe som bare fungerer ut av boksen her. Når en elev
plugger inn et videokamera eller fotoapparat så er det alltid noe som
ikke vil fungere.  Programmene godtar ikke format, godtar ikke
kameraet, osv., osv. Det er dessverre med på og dra ned en positiv
opplevelse av bruk av fri programvare.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Man må ofte bruke flere en et video redigerings program før og få
fullført en ønsket oppgave.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Eksempel:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hvis det ene programmet ikke vil ta i mot videofilen klarer et
annet det, men det programmet som klarer det kan ikke gjøre de samme
oppgavene som det programmet som ikke ville ta i mot filen,
Tilsvarende er det med foto, man må bruke flere programmer for å få
et ferdig resultat. Til dags dato har jeg enda ikke funnet et video-
og fotoprogram som kan tilfredstillende fullføre en oppgave.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Så man kan klare og fullføre en oppgave, men i verste fall må man
innom 3-4 programmer for å få det til.  Så jeg har enda ikke til dags
dato sett at et program fungere 100% til alt.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det programmet jeg har best erfaring til er
&lt;a href=&quot;http://cinelerra.org/&quot;&gt;cinelerra&lt;/a&gt;, men dessverre har det
også tendenser og krasje av og til uten grunn.&lt;/p&gt;

Lydsystemet kan også være et mareritt.  Konkret snakker jeg om når du
bruker for eksempel et smartboard, så følger det med USB-lydkort på
disse.  Problemet ligger her i at systemet ikke vil velge rett
lydkort, så man må inn med padevchooser for å sette opp PulseAudio
til og velge at USB-lydkortet skal brukes.  Det blir for tungvindt for
lærene, de ønsker at ting skal fungere med en gang. (min løsning på
det problemet ble at jeg måtte deaktivere lydkortet som fantes på
maskinen) men da må man bestandig slå på smartboard-tavla.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Programmene jeg bruker mest av er: Rosegarden, jack, qsynth, audacity,
k3b, openttd og libreoffice.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Jeg tror det må bevisstgjøring av Skolene til, dvs. reklamere høylytt
og fortelle og vise de andre skolene at frie programvarer faktisk
fungere.  Jeg trur faktisk mange ikke vet at det finnes frie
alternativer.
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu interview: Ralf Gesellensetter</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Ralf_Gesellensetter.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Ralf_Gesellensetter.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 27 May 2012 17:15:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;In 2003, a German teacher showed up on the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu and Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;
mailing list with interesting problems and reports proving he setting
up Linux for a (for us at the time) lot of pupils.  His name was Ralf
Gesellensetter, and he has been an important tester and contributor
since then, helping to make sure the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120311.html&quot;&gt;Debian Edu
Squeeze&lt;/a&gt; release became as good as it is..&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who are you, and how do you spend your days?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I am a teacher from Germany, and my subjects are Geography,
Mathematics, and Computer Science (&quot;Informatik&quot;). During the past 12
years (since 2000), I have been working for a comprehensive (and soon,
also inclusive) school leading to all kind of general levels, such as
O- or A-level (&quot;Abitur&quot;).  For quite as long, I&#39;ve been taking care of
our computer network.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Now, in my early 40s, I enjoy the privilege of spending a lot of my
spare time together with my wife, our son (3 years) and our daughter
(4 months).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux/Debian Edu
project?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We had tried different Linux based school servers, when members of
my local Linux User Group (LUG OWL) detected Skolelinux. I remember
very well, being part of a party celebrating the Linux New Media Award
(&quot;Best Newcomer Distribution&quot;, also nominated: Ubuntu) that was given
to Skolelinux at Linux World Exposition in Frankfurt, 2005 (IIRC). Few
months later, I had the chance to join a developer meeting in Ulsrud
(Oslo) and to hand out the award to Knut Yrvin and others.  For more
than 7 years, Skolelinux is part of our schools infrastructure, namely
our main server (tjener), one LTSP (today without thin clients), and
approximately 50 work stations. Most of these have the option to boot a
locally installed Skolelinux image.  As a consequence, I joined quite
a few events dealing with free software or Linux, and met many Debian
(Edu) developers. All of them seemed quite nice and competent to me,
one more reason to stick to Skolelinux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debian driven, you are given all the advantages of a community
project including well maintained updates. Once, you are familiar with
the network layout, you can easily roll out an entire educational
computer infrastructure, from just one installation media. As only
free software (FOSS) is used, that supports even elderly hardware,
up-sizing your IT equipment is only limited by space (i.e. available
labs).  Especially if you run a LTSP thin client server, your
administration costs tend towards zero.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;While Debian&#39;s stability has loads of advantages for servers, this
might be different in some cases for clients: Schools with unlimited
budget might buy new hardware with components that are not yet
supported by Debian stable, or wish to use more recent versions of
office packages or desktop environments.  These schools have the
option to run Debian testing or other distributions - if they have the
capacity to do so.  Another issue is that Debian release cycles
include a wide range of changes; therefor a high percentage of human
power seems to be absorbed by just keeping the features of Skolelinux
within the new setting of the version to come. During this process,
the cogs of Debian Edu are getting more and more professional,
i.e. harder to understand for novices.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which free software do you use daily?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;LibreOffice, Wikipedia, Openstreetmap, Iceweasel (Mozilla Firefox),
KMail, Gimp, Inkscape - and of course the Linux Kernel (not only on
PC, Laptop, Mobile, but also our SAT receiver)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
get schools to use free software?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Support computer science as regular subject in schools to make
people really &quot;own&quot; their hardware, to make them understand the
difference between proprietary software products, and free software
developing.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Make budget baskets corresponding: In Germany&#39;s public schools
there are more or less fixed budgets for IT equipment (including
licenses), so schools won&#39;t benefit from any savings here. This
privilege is left to private schools which have consequently a large
share among German Skolelinux schools.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Get free software in the seminars where would-be teachers are
trained. In many cases, teachers&#39; software customs are respected by
decision makers rather than the expertise of any IT experts.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Don&#39;t limit ourself to free software run natively. Everybody uses
free software or free licenses (for instance Wikipedia), and this
general concept should get expanded to free educational content to be
shared world wide (school books e.g.).&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Make clear where ever you can that the market share of free (libre)
office suites is much above 20 p.c. today, and that you pupils don&#39;t
need to know the &quot;ribbon menu&quot; in order to get employed.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Talk about the difference between freeware and free software.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Spread free software, or even collections of portable free apps
for USB pen drives. Endorse students to get a legal copy of
Libreoffice rather than accepting them to use illegal serials.  And
keep sending documents in ODF formats.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu interview: Mike Gabriel</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Mike_Gabriel.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Mike_Gabriel.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 2 Jun 2012 15:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Back in 2010, Mike Gabriel showed up on the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu and Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;
mailing list.  He quickly proved to be a valuable developer, and
thanks to his tireless effort we now have Kerberos integrated into the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120311.html&quot;&gt;Debian Edu
Squeeze&lt;/a&gt; version.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who are you, and how do you spend your days?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My name is Mike Gabriel, I am 38 years old and live near Kiel,
Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. I live together with a wonderful partner
(Angela Fuß) and two own children and two bonus children (contributed
by Angela).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;During the day I am part-time employed as a system administrator
and part-time working as an IT consultant. The consultancy work
touches free software topics wherever and whenever possible. During
the nights I am a free software developer. In the gaps I also train in
becoming an osteopath.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Starting in 2010 we (Andreas Buchholz, Angela Fuß, Mike Gabriel)
have set up a free software project in the area of Kiel that aims at
introducing free software into schools. The project&#39;s name is
&quot;IT-Zukunft Schule&quot; (IT future for schools). The project links IT
skills with communication skills.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux/Debian Edu
project?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;While preparing our own customised Linux distribution for
&quot;IT-Zukunft Schule&quot; we were repeatedly asked if we really wanted to
reinvent the wheel. What schools really need is already available,
people said.  From this impulse we started evaluating other Linux
distributions that target being used for school networks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At the end we short-listed two approaches and compared them: a
commercial Linux distribution developed by a company in Bremen,
Germany, and Skolelinux / Debian Edu. Between 12/2010 and 03/2011 we
went to several events and met people being responsible for marketing
and development of either of the distributions. Skolelinux / Debian
Edu was by far much more convincing compared to the other product that
got short-listed beforehand--across the full spectrum. What was most
attractive for me personally: the perspective of collaboration within
the developmental branch of the Debian Edu project itself.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In parallel with this, we talked to many local and not-so-local
people.  People teaching at schools, headmasters, politicians, data
protection experts, other IT professionals.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We came to two conclusions:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;First, a technical conclusion: What schools need is available in
bits and pieces here and there, and none of the solutions really fit
by 100%. Any school we have seen has a very individual IT setup
whereas most of each school&#39;s requirements could mapped by a standard
IT solution.  The requirement to this IT solution is flexibility and
customisability, so that individual adaptations here and there are
possible.  In terms of re-distributing and rolling out such a
standardised IT system for schools (a system that is still to some
degree customisable) there is still a lot of work to do here
locally. Debian Edu / Skolelinux has been our choice as the starting
point.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Second, a holistic conclusion: What schools need does not exist at
all (or we missed it so far). There are several technical solutions
for handling IT at schools that tend to make a good impression. What
has been missing completely here in Germany, though, is the enrolment
of people into using IT and teaching with IT. &quot;IT-Zukunft Schule&quot;
tries to provide an approach for this.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Only some schools have some sort of a media concept which explains,
defines and gives guidance on how to use IT in class. Most schools in
Northern Germany do not have an IT service provider, the school&#39;s IT
equipment is managed by one or (if the school is lucky) two (admin)
teachers, most of the workload these admin teachers get done in there
spare time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We were surprised that only a very few admin teachers were
networked with colleagues from other schools. Basically, every school
here around has its individual approach of providing IT equipment to
teachers and students and the exchange of ideas has been quasi
non-existent until 2010/2011.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quite some (non-admin) teachers try to avoid using IT technology in
class as a learning medium completely. Several reasons for this
avoidance do exist.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We discovered that no-one has ever taken a closer look at this
social part of IT management in schools, so far. On our quest journey
for a technical IT solution for schools, we discussed this issue with
several teachers, headmasters, politicians, other IT professionals and
they all confirmed: a holistic approach of considering IT management
at schools, an approach that includes the people in place, will be new
and probably a gain for all.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is a list of advantages: international context, openness to
any kind of contributions, do-ocracy policy, the closeness to Debian,
the different installation scenarios possible (from stand-alone
workstation to complex multi-server sites), the transparency within
project communication, honest communication within the group of
developers, etc.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Every coin has two sides:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Technically: &lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/311188&quot;&gt;BTS issue
#311188&lt;/a&gt;, tricky upgradability of a Debian Edu main server, network
client installations on top of a plain vanilla Debian installation
should become possible sometime in the near future, one could think
about splitting the very complex package debian-edu-config into
several portions (to make it easier for new developers to
contribute).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another issue I see is that we (as Debian Edu developers) should
find out more about the network of people who do the marketing for
Debian Edu / Skolelinux. There is a very active group in Germany
promoting Skolelinux on the bigger Linux Days within Germany. Are
there other groups like that in other countries? How can we bring
these marketing people together (marketing group A with group B and
all of them with the group of Debian Edu developers)? During the last
meeting of the German Skolelinux group, I got the impression of people
there being rather disconnected from the development department of
Debian Edu / Skolelinux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which free software do you use daily?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For my daily business, I do not use commercial software at all.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For normal stuff I use Iceweasel/Firefox, Libreoffice.org. For
serious text writing I prefer LaTeX. I use gimp, inkscape, scribus for
more artistic tasks. I run virtual machines in KVM and Virtualbox.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I am one of the upstream developers of X2Go. In 2010 I started the
development of a Python based X2Go Client, called PyHoca-GUI.
PyHoca-GUI has brought forth a Python X2Go Client API that currently
is being integrated in Ubuntu&#39;s software center.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For communications I have my own Kolab server running using Horde
as web-based groupware client. For IRC I love to use irssi, for Jabber
I have several clients that I use, mostly pidgin, though. I am also
the Debian maintainer of Coccinella, a Jabber-based interactive
whiteboard.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My favourite terminal emulator is KDE&#39;s Yakuake.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
get schools to use free software?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Communicate, communicate, communicate. Enrol people, enrol people,
enrol people.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu - some ideas for the future versions</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu___some_ideas_for_the_future_versions.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu___some_ideas_for_the_future_versions.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 11 Jun 2012 14:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;During my work on
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120311.nb.html&quot;&gt;Debian Edu
based on Squeeze&lt;/a&gt;, I came across some issues that should be
addressed in the Wheezy release.  I finally found time to wrap up my
notes and provide quick summary of what I found, with a bit
explanation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;We need to rewrite our package installation framework, as tasksel
changed from using tasksel tasks to using meta packages (aka packages
with dependencies like our education-* packages), and our installation
system depend on tasksel tasks in
/usr/share/tasksel/debian-edu-tasks.desc for package
installation.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Enable Kerberos login for more services.  Now with the Kerberos
foundation in place, we should use it to get single sign on with more
services, and avoiding unneeded password / login questions.  We should
at least try to enable it for these services:
&lt;ul&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;CUPS for admins to add/configure printers and users when using
    quotas.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Nagios for admins checking the system status.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;GOsa for admins updating LDAP and users changing their passwords.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;LDAP for admins updating LDAP.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Squid for users when exam mode / filtering is active.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;ssh for admins and users to save a password prompt.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;When we move GOsa to use Kerberos instead of LDAP bind to
authenticate users, we should try to block or at least limit access to
use LDAP bind for authentication, to ensure Kerberos is used when it
is intended, and nothing fall back to using the less safe LDAP bind&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Merge debian-edu-config and debian-edu-install.  The split made
sense when d-e-install did a lot more, but these days it is just an
inconvenience when we update the debconf preseeding values.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Fix partman-auto to allow us to abort the installation before
touching the disk if the disk is too small.  This is
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/653305&quot;&gt;BTS report #653305&lt;/a&gt; and the
d-i developers are fine with the patch and someone just need to apply
it and upload.  After this is done we need to adjust
debian-edu-install to use this new hook.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Adjust to new LTSP framework (boot time config instead of install
time config).  LTSP changed its design, and our hooks to install
packages and update the configuration is most likely not going to work
in Wheezy.

&lt;li&gt;Consider switching to NBD instead of NFS for LTSP root, to allow
the Kernel to cache files in its normal file cache, possibly speeding
up KDE login on slow networks.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Make it possible to create expired user passwords that need to
change on first login.  This is useful when handing out password on
paper, to make sure only the user know the password.  This require
fixes to the PAM handling of kdm and gdm.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Make GUI for adding new machines automatically from sitesummary.
The current command line script is not very friendly to people most
familiar with GUIs.  This should probably be integrated into GOsa to
have it available where the admin will be looking for it..&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;We should find way for Nagios to check that the DHCP service
actually is working (as in handling out IP addresses).  None of the
Nagios checks I have found so far have been working for me.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;We should switch from libpam-nss-ldapd to sssd for all profiles
using LDAP, and not only on for roaming workstations, to have less
packages to configure and consistent setup across all profiles.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;We should configure Kerberos to update LDAP and Samba password
when changing password using the Kerberos protocol.  The hook was
requested in &lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/588968&quot;&gt;BTS report
#588968&lt;/a&gt; and is now available in Wheezy.  We might need to write a
MIT Kerberos plugin in C to get this.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;We should clean up the set of applications installed by default.
&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;reduce the number of chemistry visualisers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;consider dropping xpaint&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and probably more?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Some hardware need external firmware to work properly.  This is
mostly the case for WiFi network cards, but there are some other
examples too.  For popular laptops to work out of the box, such
firmware need to be installed from non-free, and we should provide
some GUI to do this.  Ubuntu already have this implemented, and we
could consider using their packages.  At the moment we have some
command line script to do this (one for the running system, another
for the LTSP chroot).&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;li&gt;In Squeeze, we provide KDE, Gnome and LXDE as desktop options.  We
should extend the list to Xfce and Sugar, and preferably find a way to
install several and allow the admin or the user to select which one to
use.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The golearn tool from the goplay package make it easy to check out
interesting educational packages.  We should work on the package
tagging in Debian to ensure it represent all the useful educational
packages, and extend the tool to allow it to use packagekit to install
new applications with a simple mouse click.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The Squeeze version got half a exam solution already in place,
with the introduction of iptable based network blocking, but for it to
be a complete exam solution the Squid proxy need to enable
filtering/blocking as well when the exam mode is enabled.  We should
implement a way to easily enable this for the schools that want it,
instead of the &quot;it is documented&quot; method of today.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;A feature used in several schools is the ability for a teacher to
&quot;take over&quot; the desktop of individual or all computers in the room.
There are at least three implementations,
&lt;a href=&quot;italc.sourceforge.net/&quot;&gt;italc&lt;/a&gt;,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itais.net/help/en/&quot;&gt;controlaula&lt;/a&gt; og
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epoptes.org/&quot;&gt;epoptes&lt;/a&gt; and we should pick one of
them and make it trivial to set it up in a school.  The challenges is
how to distribute crypto keys and how to group computers in one room
and how to set up which machine/user can control the machines in a
given room.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Tablets and surf boards are getting more and more popular, and we
should look into providing a good solution for integrating these into
the Debian Edu network.  Not quite sure how.  Perhaps we should
provide a installation profile with better touch screen support for
them, or add some sync services to allow them to exchange
configuration and data with the central server.  This should be
investigated.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I guess we will discover more as we continue to work on the Wheezy
version.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu interview: José Luis Redrejo Rodríguez</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Jos__Luis_Redrejo_Rodr_guez.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Jos__Luis_Redrejo_Rodr_guez.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 26 Jun 2012 08:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I&#39;ve been too busy at home, but finally I found time to wrap up
another interview with the people behind
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu and Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;.
This time we get to know José Luis Redrejo Rodríguez, one of our great
helpers from Spain.  His effort was the reason we added support for
several desktop types (KDE, Gnome and most recently LXDE) in Debian
Edu, and have all of these available in the recently published
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120311.html&quot;&gt;Debian Edu
Squeeze&lt;/a&gt; version.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who are you, and how do you spend your days?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I&#39;m a father, teacher and engineer who is working for the Education
ministry of the Region of Extremadura (Spain) in the implementation of
ICT in schools&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux/Debian Edu
project?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At 2006, I verified that both, we in Extremadura and Skolelinux
project, had been working in parallel for some years, doing very
similar things, using very similar tools and with similar targets, so
I decided it was time to join forces as much as possible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A community of highly skilled experts working together, with a
really open schema of collaboration and work. I really love the
concepts of Do-ocracy and Merit-ocracy and the way these concepts are
been used everyday inside Debian Edu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux/Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the differences in the implementations, laws or
economical and technical resources in the different countries don&#39;t
allow us to agree in the same solution for all of us, and several
approaches are needed, what is a waste of effort. Also, there is a
lack of more man power to be able to follow the fast evolution of the
technologies in school.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which free software do you use daily?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debian, of course, and due to my kind of job I am most of my time
between Iceweasel, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.geany.org/&quot;&gt;Geany&lt;/a&gt; and
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ohloh.net/p/gnome-terminator&quot;&gt;Terminator&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
get schools to use free software?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I think there is not a single strategy because there are very
different scenarios: schools with mixed proprietary and free
environments, schools using only workstations, other schools using
laptops, netbooks, tablets, interactive white-boards, etc.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Also the range of ages of the students is very broad and you can
not use the same solutions for primary schools and secondary or even
universities. So different strategies are needed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But, looking at these differences, and looking back to the things
we&#39;ve done and implemented, and the places were we have spent most of
our forces, I think we should focus as much as possible in free
multi-platform environments, using only standards tools, and moving
more and more to Internet or network solutions that could be deployed
using wireless. I think we&#39;ll see more and more personal devices in
the schools, devices the students and teachers will take home with
them, so the solutions must be able to be taken at home and continue
working there.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Markus Gamenius</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Markus_Gamenius.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Markus_Gamenius.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jun 2012 12:50:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Tidligere leder av
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no&quot;&gt;foreningen som
organiserer Skolelinux-dugnaden&lt;/a&gt;, Markus Gamenius , har i vår vært
i media og
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dn.no/privatokonomi/article2345489.ece&quot;&gt;debattert
skattepolitikk&lt;/a&gt;, og det fikk meg til å høre om han kunne lokkes til
å fortelle om hans inntrykk nå, etter at han ble lokket bort fra
Linux- og &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-verden
for å overta familiebedriften.  Her har vi hans betraktninger i dag,
noen måneder etter at
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120311.html&quot;&gt;Skolelinux
Squeeze&lt;/a&gt;-utgaven ble gitt ut.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg heter Markus Gamenius og er 40 år.  Utdannet biolog med ymse
fag på siden.  Har jobbet som lærer der jeg var driftsansvarlig på
Ulsrud VGS i Oslo.  Senere eide og jobbet jeg flere år i Linuxlabs AS,
som jeg solgte til Redpill Linpro AS (den gangen Linpro AS).  I dag
jobber jeg med ulike investeringer, hovedsaklig i eiendom, men også i
en del ulike IT-relaterte bedrifter.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fruen og jeg dro på en lengre seiltur i 2000, der jeg måtte ha &quot;noe
å gjøre&quot; under hjemturen over Atlanteren.  Jeg kjøpte et par bøker om
Linux i en bokhandel i New York og ble veldig fascinert.  Etter
hjemkomsten begynte jeg å jobbe på Ulsrud VGS, som naturfagslærer, men
som IT-interessert ble jeg fort en del av den nye IT-satsningen som
skulle løfte Ulsrud og gi skolen en bedre rykte.  Vi hadde ganske
mange maskiner, som gikk på Win98 og to servere som ble oppgradert til
Win2000.  Systemene var ustabil og dårlige.  På leting etter noe
bedre, uten å knekke ryggen økonomisk, kom jeg over &quot;Linux i Skolen&quot;
og Skolelinux.  Jeg tok kontakt med miljøet og en gjeng møtte opp på
skolen, der vi gjorde en liten testinstallasjon.  Etter et par år var
ryggraden på skolen Linux (Skolelinux) og vi hadde flere hundre
maskiner, både tynne klienter (gamle og nye), bærbare (Debian) og noen
stasjonære (Win2000).  På et tidspunkt var Ulsrud den råeste IT-skolen
og det irriterte skolesjefen i Oslo, da de satset hardt på
Windows.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det som gjorde at vi fikk inn Skolelinux var ene og alene
økonomiske.  Det faktum at vi slapp å kjøpe masse nye lisenser og at
vi kunne bruke gammel hardware.  Alt i alt gjorde dette at vi sparte
mye, men i stede for å bruke mindre på IT brukte vi det vi sparte på å
skaffe mer hardware og på den måten gi det beste tilbudet i landet til
våre elever.  For oss som driftet var det himmel å ha et system som
gikk å administrere sentralt og effektivt.  Det var heller ikke så
dumt at vi kunne &quot;låse&quot; maskinene mer effektivt enn vi kunne med
Microsoft Windows, slik at vi slapp mye feil og problemer som ble
forårsaket av &quot;kreative&quot; elever.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det vi slet med var mangelen av en del programmer lærerne ville ha.
Husker ikke alle, men det var et knippe med pedagogiske programmer de
ikke fikk.  I dag tror jeg det problemet er langt mindre da det meste
av disse kjøres gjennom nettleseren.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg bruker mye Apple i dag og er ikke så stolt av det, men jeg har
både OpenOffice, Firefox og en del andre programmer på den bærbare.
Firefox brukes mest av disse.  På Apple-serveren hjemme bruker jeg
HandBrake mye, og jeg har installert OpenWRT på flere av
basestasjonene både hjemme og på jobben.  I tillegg til det har jeg i
flere år finansiert et prosjekt som heter
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.found.no/&quot;&gt;Found IT&lt;/a&gt;.  Dette er et prosjekt der
vi lager et rammeverk for søk, der alt vi bruker fri programvare.  Det
er Alex Brasetvik som er daglig leder i Found IT.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Når det gjelder IT og skole er fortsatt økonomi veldig viktig.  Så
man må oppfylle minimumskravene (ikke være best, men bra nok) og selge
seg inn på hvor mye man sparer.  Det betyr selvsagt at man sparer på
lisenser, men også på driftsinnsats.  Men nå når jeg ikke er en aktiv
del av miljøet lenger hører jeg nesten ingen ting om fri programvare.
Jeg stiller meg da spørsmålet om det har blitt stille rundt miljøet,
eller om jeg kun så det tydeligere før når jeg var aktiv? Uansett er
det for stille rundt Skolelinux-prosjektet nå.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Free Timetabling Software - nice free software</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Free_Timetabling_Software___nice_free_software.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Free_Timetabling_Software___nice_free_software.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 7 Jul 2012 09:50:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Included in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu /
Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; is a large collection of end user and school specific
software.  It is one of the packages not installed by default but
provided in the Debian archive for schools to install if they want to,
is a system to automatically plan the school time table using
information about available teachers, classes and rooms, combined with
the list of required courses and how many hours each topic should
receive.  The software is

&lt;a href=&quot;http://lalescu.ro/liviu/fet/&quot;&gt;named FET&lt;/a&gt;, and it provide a
graphical user interface to input the required information, save the
result in a fairly simple XML format, and generate time tables for
both teachers and students.  It is available both for
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lalescu.ro/liviu/fet/download.html&quot;&gt;Linux, MacOSX and
Windows&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is &lt;a href=&quot;http://lalescu.ro/liviu/fet/features.html&quot;&gt;the
feature list&lt;/a&gt;, liftet from the project web site:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;FET is free software, licensed under the GNU GPL v2 or later.
    You can freely use, copy, modify and redistribute it &lt;/li&gt;
        
  &lt;li&gt;Localized to en_US (US English, default), ar (Arabic), ca
    (Catalan), da (Danish), de (German), el (Greek), es (Spanish), fa
    (Persian), fr (French), gl (Galician), he (Hebrew), hu
    (Hungarian), id (Indonesian), it (Italian), lt (Lithuanian), mk
    (Macedonian), ms (Malay), nl (Dutch), pl (Polish), pt_BR
    (Brazilian Portuguese), ro (Romanian), ru (Russian), si (Sinhala),
    sk (Slovak), sr (Serbian), tr (Turkish), uk (Ukrainian), uz
    (Uzbek) and vi (Vietnamese) (incompletely for some languages)
    &lt;/li&gt;
        
  &lt;li&gt;Fully automatic generation algorithm, allowing also
    semi-automatic or manual allocation&lt;/li&gt;
        
  &lt;li&gt;Platform independent implementation, allowing running on
    GNU/Linux, Windows, Mac and any system that Qt supports &lt;/li&gt;
        
  &lt;li&gt;Flexible modular XML format for the input file, allowing editing
    with an XML editor or by hand (besides FET interface)&lt;/li&gt;
        
  &lt;li&gt;Import/export from CSV format&lt;/li&gt;
        
  &lt;li&gt;The resulted timetables are exported into HTML, XML and CSV
    formats &lt;/li&gt;
        
  &lt;li&gt;Flexible students structure, organized into sets: years, groups
    and subgroups. FET allows overlapping years and groups and
    non-overlapping subgroups. You can even define individual students
    (as separate sets)&lt;/li&gt;
        
  &lt;li&gt;Each constraint has a weight percentage, from 0.0% to 100.0%
    (but some special constraints are allowed to have only 100% weight
    percentage)&lt;/li&gt;
        
  &lt;li&gt;Limits for the algorithm (all these limits can be increased on
    demand, as a custom version, because this would require a bit more
    memory):
    &lt;ul&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Maximum total number of hours (periods) per day: 60&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Maximum number of working days per week: 35&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Maximum total number of teachers: 6000&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Maximum total number of sets of students: 30000&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Maximum total number of subjects: 6000&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Virtually unlimited number of activity tags&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Maximum number of activities: 30000&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Maximum number of rooms: 6000&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Maximum number of buildings: 6000&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Possibility of adding multiple teachers and
          students sets for each activity.  (it is possible
          also to have no teachers or no students sets for an
          activity)&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Virtually unlimited number of time constraints&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Virtually unlimited number of space constraints&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;A large and flexible palette of time constraints:
    &lt;ul&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Break periods&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;For teacher(s):
        &lt;ul&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Not available periods&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Max/min days per week&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Max gaps per day/week&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Max hours daily/continuously&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Min hours daily&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Max hours daily/continuously with an activity tag&lt;/li&gt;

          &lt;li&gt;Respect working in an hourly interval a max number of
            days per week&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;For students (sets):
        &lt;ul&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Not available periods&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Begins early (specify max allowed beginnings at second hour)&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Max gaps per day/week&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Max hours daily/continuously&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Min hours daily&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Max hours daily/continuously with an activity tag&lt;/li&gt;

          &lt;li&gt;Respect working in an hourly interval a max number of
            days per week&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;For an activity or a set of activities/subactivities:
        &lt;ul&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;A single preferred starting time&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;A set of preferred starting times&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;A set of preferred time slots&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Min/max days between them&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;End(s) students day&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Same starting time/day/hour&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Occupy max time slots from selection (a complex and
            flexible constraint, useful in many situations)&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Consecutive, ordered, grouped (for 2 or 3 (sub)activities)&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Not overlapping&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Max simultaneous in selected time slots&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Min gaps between a set of (sub)activities&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;A large and flexible palette of space constraints:
    &lt;ul&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Room not available periods&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;For teacher(s):
        &lt;ul&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Home room(s)&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Max building changes per day/week&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Min gaps between building changes&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;/ul&gt;
      &lt;/li&gt;
                
      &lt;li&gt;For students (sets):
        &lt;ul&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Home room(s)&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Max building changes per day/week&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Min gaps between building changes&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;/ul&gt;
      &lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Preferred room(s):
        &lt;ul&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;For a subject&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;For an activity tag&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;For a subject and an activity tag&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Individually for a (sub)activity&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;/ul&gt;
      &lt;/li&gt;

      &lt;li&gt;For a set of activities:
        &lt;ul&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Occupy a maximum number of different rooms&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;/ul&gt;
      &lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I have not used it myself, as I am not involved in time table
planning at a school, but it seem to work fine when I test it.  If you
need to set up your schools time table, and is tired of doing it
manually, check it out. 

A quick summary on how to use it can be found in
&lt;a href=&quot;http://marvelsoft.co.in/wp/2012/03/generate-timetable-for-state-cbse-icse-igcse-schools-free/&quot;&gt;a
blog post from MarvelSoft&lt;/a&gt;.  If you find FET useful, please provide
a recipe for the Debian Edu project in the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu#Howtos&quot;&gt;Debian Edu HowTo
section&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Why do schools waste money on IT?</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Why_do_schools_waste_money_on_IT_.html</link>        
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Why_do_schools_waste_money_on_IT_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 8 Jul 2012 09:40:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;In the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project, we have realised that one
of the major blockers for the project success is the purchasing skills
in schools and municipalities.  We provide what the happy users of
Debian Edu / Skolelinux say they need and to a lower cost than the
alternatives, and yet so few schools decide to use our solution.  I
was pleased to discover the same observation done by mySociety and Tom
Steinberg in his blog post
&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mysociety.org/2012/06/19/can-you-recognize-the-million-pound-chair/&quot;&gt;Can
you recognize the million pound chair?&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.  Read it and weep for the
spending of your tax money.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Of course there are other factors involved as well, like our
projects bad marketing skills and the Linux community fragmentation
causing worry with the people on the outside, so we as a project need
to keep working hard to gain users, but it is a up-hill battle when
public decision makers are unable to understand computer system
purchases.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        </channel>
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