blog/Automatically_upgrading_server_firmware_on_Dell_PowerEdge.html

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   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: Automatically upgrading server firmware on Dell PowerEdge</title>
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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title">Automatically upgrading server firmware on Dell PowerEdge</div>
  24       <div class="date">21st November 2011</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>At work we have heaps of servers.  I believe the total count is
  26 around 1000 at the moment.  To be able to get help from the vendors
  27 when something go wrong, we want to keep the firmware on the servers
  28 up to date.  If the firmware isn't the latest and greatest, the
  29 vendors typically refuse to start debugging any problems until the
  30 firmware is upgraded.  So before every reboot, we want to upgrade the
  31 firmware, and we would really like everyone handling servers at the
  32 university to do this themselves when they plan to reboot a machine.
  33 For that to happen we at the unix server admin group need to provide
  34 the tools to do so.</p>
  35
  36 <p>To make firmware upgrading easier, I am working on a script to
  37 fetch and install the latest firmware for the servers we got.  Most of
  38 our hardware are from Dell and HP, so I have focused on these servers
  39 so far.  This blog post is about the Dell part.</P>
  40
  41 <p>On the Dell FTP site I was lucky enough to find
  42 <a href="ftp://ftp.us.dell.com/catalog/Catalog.xml.gz">an XML file</a>
  43 with firmware information for all 11th generation servers, listing
  44 which firmware should be used on a given model and where on the FTP
  45 site I can find it.  Using a simple perl XML parser I can then
  46 download the shell scripts Dell provides to do firmware upgrades from
  47 within Linux and reboot when all the firmware is primed and ready to
  48 be activated on the first reboot.</p>
  49
  50 <p>This is the Dell related fragment of the perl code I am working on.
  51 Are there anyone working on similar tools for firmware upgrading all
  52 servers at a site?  Please get in touch and lets share resources.</p>
  53
  54 <p><pre>
  55 #!/usr/bin/perl
  56 use strict;
  57 use warnings;
  58 use File::Temp qw(tempdir);
  59 BEGIN {
  60     # Install needed RHEL packages if missing
  61     my %rhelmodules = (
  62         'XML::Simple' => 'perl-XML-Simple',
  63         );
  64     for my $module (keys %rhelmodules) {
  65         eval "use $module;";
  66         if ($@) {
  67             my $pkg = $rhelmodules{$module};
  68             system("yum install -y $pkg");
  69             eval "use $module;";
  70         }
  71     }
  72 }
  73 my $errorsto = 'pere@hungry.com';
  74
  75 upgrade_dell();
  76
  77 exit 0;
  78
  79 sub run_firmware_script {
  80     my ($opts, $script) = @_;
  81     unless ($script) {
  82         print STDERR "fail: missing script name\n";
  83         exit 1
  84     }
  85     print STDERR "Running $script\n\n";
  86
  87     if (0 == system("sh $script $opts")) { # FIXME correct exit code handling
  88         print STDERR "success: firmware script ran succcessfully\n";
  89     } else {
  90         print STDERR "fail: firmware script returned error\n";
  91     }
  92 }
  93
  94 sub run_firmware_scripts {
  95     my ($opts, @dirs) = @_;
  96     # Run firmware packages
  97     for my $dir (@dirs) {
  98         print STDERR "info: Running scripts in $dir\n";
  99         opendir(my $dh, $dir) or die "Unable to open directory $dir: $!";
 100         while (my $s = readdir $dh) {
 101             next if $s =~ m/^\.\.?/;
 102             run_firmware_script($opts, "$dir/$s");
 103         }
 104         closedir $dh;
 105     }
 106 }
 107
 108 sub download {
 109     my $url = shift;
 110     print STDERR "info: Downloading $url\n";
 111     system("wget --quiet \"$url\"");
 112 }
 113
 114 sub upgrade_dell {
 115     my @dirs;
 116     my $product = `dmidecode -s system-product-name`;
 117     chomp $product;
 118
 119     if ($product =~ m/PowerEdge/) {
 120
 121         # on RHEL, these pacakges are needed by the firwmare upgrade scripts
 122         system('yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33.i686 libstdc++.i686 libxml2.i686 procmail');
 123
 124         my $tmpdir = tempdir(
 125             CLEANUP => 1
 126             );
 127         chdir($tmpdir);
 128         fetch_dell_fw('catalog/Catalog.xml.gz');
 129         system('gunzip Catalog.xml.gz');
 130         my @paths = fetch_dell_fw_list('Catalog.xml');
 131         # -q is quiet, disabling interactivity and reducing console output
 132         my $fwopts = "-q";
 133         if (@paths) {
 134             for my $url (@paths) {
 135                 fetch_dell_fw($url);
 136             }
 137             run_firmware_scripts($fwopts, $tmpdir);
 138         } else {
 139             print STDERR "error: Unsupported Dell model '$product'.\n";
 140             print STDERR "error: Please report to $errorsto.\n";
 141         }
 142         chdir('/');
 143     } else {
 144         print STDERR "error: Unsupported Dell model '$product'.\n";
 145         print STDERR "error: Please report to $errorsto.\n";
 146     }
 147 }
 148
 149 sub fetch_dell_fw {
 150     my $path = shift;
 151     my $url = "ftp://ftp.us.dell.com/$path";
 152     download($url);
 153 }
 154
 155 # Using ftp://ftp.us.dell.com/catalog/Catalog.xml.gz, figure out which
 156 # firmware packages to download from Dell.  Only work for Linux
 157 # machines and 11th generation Dell servers.
 158 sub fetch_dell_fw_list {
 159     my $filename = shift;
 160
 161     my $product = `dmidecode -s system-product-name`;
 162     chomp $product;
 163     my ($mybrand, $mymodel) = split(/\s+/, $product);
 164
 165     print STDERR "Finding firmware bundles for $mybrand $mymodel\n";
 166
 167     my $xml = XMLin($filename);
 168     my @paths;
 169     for my $bundle (@{$xml->{SoftwareBundle}}) {
 170         my $brand = $bundle->{TargetSystems}->{Brand}->{Display}->{content};
 171         my $model = $bundle->{TargetSystems}->{Brand}->{Model}->{Display}->{content};
 172         my $oscode;
 173         if ("ARRAY" eq ref $bundle->{TargetOSes}->{OperatingSystem}) {
 174             $oscode = $bundle->{TargetOSes}->{OperatingSystem}[0]->{osCode};
 175         } else {
 176             $oscode = $bundle->{TargetOSes}->{OperatingSystem}->{osCode};
 177         }
 178         if ($mybrand eq $brand && $mymodel eq $model && "LIN" eq $oscode)
 179         {
 180             @paths = map { $_->{path} } @{$bundle->{Contents}->{Package}};
 181         }
 182     }
 183     for my $component (@{$xml->{SoftwareComponent}}) {
 184         my $componenttype = $component->{ComponentType}->{value};
 185
 186         # Drop application packages, only firmware and BIOS
 187         next if 'APAC' eq $componenttype;
 188
 189         my $cpath = $component->{path};
 190         for my $path (@paths) {
 191             if ($cpath =~ m%/$path$%) {
 192                 push(@paths, $cpath);
 193             }
 194         }
 195     }
 196     return @paths;
 197 }
 198 </pre>
 199
 200 <p>The code is only tested on RedHat Enterprise Linux, but I suspect
 201 it could work on other platforms with some tweaking.  Anyone know a
 202 index like Catalog.xml is available from HP for HP servers?  At the
 203 moment I maintain a similar list manually and it is quickly getting
 204 outdated.</p>
 205 </div>
 206
 207       <div class="tags">Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.</div>
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 320
 321 <li>2019
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 339
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 341
 342 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 343
 344 </ul></li>
 345
 346 <li>2018
 347 <ul>
 348
 349 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 350
 351 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 352
 353 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 354
 355 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 356
 357 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 358
 359 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 360
 361 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 362
 363 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 364
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 366
 367 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 368
 369 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 370
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 372
 373 <li>2017
 374 <ul>
 375
 376 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 377
 378 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 379
 380 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 381
 382 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 383
 384 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 385
 386 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 387
 388 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 389
 390 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 391
 392 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 393
 394 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 395
 396 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 397
 398 </ul></li>
 399
 400 <li>2016
 401 <ul>
 402
 403 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 404
 405 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 406
 407 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 408
 409 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 410
 411 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 412
 413 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 414
 415 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 416
 417 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 418
 419 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 420
 421 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 422
 423 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 424
 425 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 426
 427 </ul></li>
 428
 429 <li>2015
 430 <ul>
 431
 432 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 433
 434 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 435
 436 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 437
 438 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 439
 440 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 441
 442 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 443
 444 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 445
 446 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 447
 448 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 449
 450 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 451
 452 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 453
 454 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 455
 456 </ul></li>
 457
 458 <li>2014
 459 <ul>
 460
 461 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 462
 463 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 464
 465 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 466
 467 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 468
 469 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 470
 471 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 472
 473 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 474
 475 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 476
 477 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 478
 479 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 480
 481 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 482
 483 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 484
 485 </ul></li>
 486
 487 <li>2013
 488 <ul>
 489
 490 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 491
 492 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 493
 494 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 495
 496 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 497
 498 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 499
 500 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 501
 502 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 503
 504 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 505
 506 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 507
 508 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 509
 510 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 511
 512 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 513
 514 </ul></li>
 515
 516 <li>2012
 517 <ul>
 518
 519 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 520
 521 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 522
 523 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 524
 525 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 526
 527 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 528
 529 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 530
 531 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 532
 533 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 534
 535 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 536
 537 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 538
 539 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 540
 541 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 542
 543 </ul></li>
 544
 545 <li>2011
 546 <ul>
 547
 548 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 549
 550 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 551
 552 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 553
 554 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 555
 556 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 557
 558 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 559
 560 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 561
 562 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 563
 564 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 565
 566 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 567
 568 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 569
 570 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 571
 572 </ul></li>
 573
 574 <li>2010
 575 <ul>
 576
 577 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 578
 579 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 580
 581 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 582
 583 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 584
 585 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 586
 587 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 588
 589 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 590
 591 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 592
 593 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 594
 595 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 596
 597 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 598
 599 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 600
 601 </ul></li>
 602
 603 <li>2009
 604 <ul>
 605
 606 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 607
 608 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 609
 610 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 611
 612 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 613
 614 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 615
 616 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 617
 618 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 619
 620 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 621
 622 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 623
 624 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 625
 626 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 627
 628 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 629
 630 </ul></li>
 631
 632 <li>2008
 633 <ul>
 634
 635 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 636
 637 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 638
 639 </ul></li>
 640
 641 </ul>
 642
 643
 644
 645 <h2>Tags</h2>
 646 <ul>
 647
 648  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
 649
 650  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 651
 652  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 653
 654  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 655
 656  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
 657
 658  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
 659
 660  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 661
 662  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 663
 664  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (3)</a></li>
 665
 666  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (197)</a></li>
 667
 668  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
 669
 670  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
 671
 672  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
 673
 674  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
 675
 676  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (32)</a></li>
 677
 678  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 679
 680  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (456)</a></li>
 681
 682  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 683
 684  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
 685
 686  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
 687
 688  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 689
 690  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
 691
 692  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 693
 694  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
 695
 696  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
 697
 698  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
 699
 700  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (6)</a></li>
 701
 702  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 703
 704  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
 705
 706  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 707
 708  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (5)</a></li>
 709
 710  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 711
 712  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 713
 714  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
 715
 716  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 717
 718  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (46)</a></li>
 719
 720  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (15)</a></li>
 721
 722  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (24)</a></li>
 723
 724  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (323)</a></li>
 725
 726  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (198)</a></li>
 727
 728  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (40)</a></li>
 729
 730  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 731
 732  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch (4)</a></li>
 733
 734  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (76)</a></li>
 735
 736  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
 737
 738  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
 739
 740  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 741
 742  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 743
 744  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 745
 746  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
 747
 748  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 749
 750  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
 751
 752  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 753
 754  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (60)</a></li>
 755
 756  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 757
 758  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 759
 760  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (75)</a></li>
 761
 762  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
 763
 764  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
 765
 766  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (65)</a></li>
 767
 768  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
 769
 770  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 771
 772  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 773
 774  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (22)</a></li>
 775
 776  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (80)</a></li>
 777
 778  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 779
 780  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
 781
 782 </ul>
 783
 784
 785     </div>
 786     <p style="text-align: right">
 787  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 788 </p>
 789
 790   </body>
 791 </html>