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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21     <h3>Entries tagged "sysadmin".</h3>
  22
  23     <div class="entry">
  24       <div class="title">
  25         <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/Some_of_my_2024_free_software_activities.html">Some of my 2024 free software activities</a>
  26       </div>
  27       <div class="date">
  28         10th February 2025
  29       </div>
  30       <div class="body">
  31         <p>It is a while since I posted a summary of the free software and
  32 open culture activities and projects I have worked on.  Here is a
  33 quick summary of the major ones from last year.</p>
  34
  35 <p>I guess the biggest project of the year has been migrating orphaned
  36 packages in Debian without a version control system to have a git
  37 repository on salsa.debian.org.  When I started in April around 450
  38 the orphaned packages needed git.  I've since migrated around 250 of
  39 the packages to a salsa git repository, and around 40 packages were
  40 left when I took a break.  Not sure who did the around 160 conversions
  41 I was not involved in, but I am very glad I got some help on the
  42 project.  I stopped partly because some of the remaining packages
  43 needed more disk space to build than I have available on my
  44 development machine, and partly because some had a strange build setup
  45 I could not figure out.  I had a time budget of 20 minutes per
  46 package, if the package proved problematic and likely to take longer,
  47 I moved to another package.  Might continue later, if I manage to free
  48 up some disk space.</p>
  49
  50 <p>Another rather big project was the translation to Norwegian Bokmål
  51 and publishing of the first book ever published by a Sámi woman, the
  52 «<a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/publisher/#infoerlifellerdoed2024">Møter
  53 vi liv eller død?</a>» book by Elsa Laula, with a PD0 and CC-BY
  54 license.  I released it during the summer, and to my surprise it has
  55 already sold several copies.  As I suck at marketing, I did not expect
  56 to sell any.</p>
  57
  58 <p>A smaller, but more long term project (for more than 10 years now),
  59 and related to orphaned packages in Debian, is my project to ensure a
  60 simple way to install hardware related packages in Debian when the
  61 relevant hardware is present in a machine.  It made a fairly big
  62 advance forward last year, partly because I have been poking and
  63 begging package maintainers and upstream developers to include
  64 AppStream metadata XML in their packages.  I've also released a few
  65 new versions of the isenkram system with some robustness improvements.
  66 Today 127 packages in Debian provide such information, allowing
  67 <tt>isenkram-lookup</tt> to propose them.  Will keep pushing until the
  68 around 35 package names currently hard coded in the isenkram package
  69 are down to zero, so only information provided by individual packages
  70 are used for this feature.</p>
  71
  72 <p>As part of the work on AppStream, I have sponsored several packages
  73 into Debian where the maintainer wanted to fix the issue but lacked
  74 direct upload rights.  I've also sponsored a few other packages, when
  75 approached by the maintainer.</p>
  76
  77 <p>I would also like to mention two hardware related packages in
  78 particular where I have been involved, the megactl and mfi-util
  79 packages.  Both work with the hardware RAID systems in several Dell
  80 PowerEdge servers, and the first one is already available in Debian
  81 (and of course, proposed by isenkram when used on the appropriate Dell
  82 server), the other is waiting for NEW processing since this autumn.  I
  83 manage several such Dell servers and would like the tools needed to
  84 monitor and configure these RAID controllers to be available from
  85 within Debian out of the box.</p>
  86
  87 <p>Vaguely related to hardware support in Debian, I have also been
  88 trying to find ways to help out the Debian ROCm team, to improve the
  89 support in Debian for my artificial idiocy (AI) compute node.  So far
  90 only uploaded one package, helped test the initial packaging of
  91 llama.cpp and tried to figure out how to get good speech recognition
  92 like Whisper into Debian.<p>
  93
  94 <p>I am still involved in the LinuxCNC project, and organised a
  95 developer gathering in Norway last summer.  A new one is planned the
  96 summer of 2025.  I've also helped evaluate patches and uploaded new
  97 versions of LinuxCNC into Debian.</p>
  98
  99 <p>After a 10 years long break, we managed to get a new and improved
 100 upstream version of <tt>lsdvd</tt> released just before Christmas.  As
 101 I use it regularly to maintain my DVD archive, I was very happy to
 102 finally get out a version supporting DVDDiscID useful for uniquely
 103 identifying DVDs.  I am dreaming of a Internet service mapping DVD IDs
 104 to IMDB movie IDs, to make life as a DVD collector easier.</p>
 105
 106 <p>My involvement in Norwegian archive standardisation and the free
 107 software implementation of the vendor neutral Noark 5 API continued
 108 for the entire year.  I've been pushing patches into both the API and
 109 the test code for the API, participated in several editorial meetings
 110 regarding the Noark 5 Tjenestegrensesnitt specification, submitted
 111 several proposals for improvements for the same.  We also organised a
 112 small seminar for Noark 5 interested people, and is organising a new
 113 seminar in a month.</p>
 114
 115 <p>Part of the year was spent working on and coordinating a Norwegian
 116 Bokmål translation of the marvellous children's book
 117 «<a href="https://fsfe.org/activities/ada-zangemann/">Ada and
 118 Zangemann<a>», which focus on the right to repair and control your own
 119 property, and the value of controlling the software on the devices you
 120 own.  The translation is mostly complete, and is now waiting for a
 121 transformation of the project and manuscript to use Docbook XML
 122 instead of a home made semi-text based format.  Great progress is
 123 being made and the new book build process is almost complete.</p>
 124
 125 <p>I have also been looking at how to companies in Norway can use free
 126 software to report their accounting summaries to the Norwegian
 127 government.  Several new regulations make it very hard for companies
 128 to do use free software for accounting, and I would like to change
 129 this.  Found a few drafts for opening up the reporting process, and
 130 have read up on some of the specifications, but nothing much is
 131 working yet.</p>
 132
 133 <p>These were just the top of the iceberg, but I guess this blog post
 134 is long enough now. If you would like to help with any of these
 135 projects, please get in touch, either directly on the project mailing
 136 lists and forums, or with me via email, IRC or Signal. :)</p>
 137
 138 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 139 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 140 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 141
 142       </div>
 143       <div class="tags">
 144
 145
 146         Tags: <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>.
 147
 148
 149       </div>
 150     </div>
 151     <div class="padding"></div>
 152
 153     <div class="entry">
 154       <div class="title">
 155         <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/Secure_Socket_API___a_simple_and_powerful_approach_for_TLS_support_in_software.html">Secure Socket API - a simple and powerful approach for TLS support in software</a>
 156       </div>
 157       <div class="date">
 158          6th June 2020
 159       </div>
 160       <div class="body">
 161         <p>As a member of the <a href="https://www.nuug.no/">Norwegian Unix
 162 User Group</a>, I have the pleasure of receiving the
 163 <a href="https://www.usenix.org/">USENIX</a> magazine
 164 <a href="https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/">;login:</a>
 165 several times a year.  I rarely have time to read all the articles,
 166 but try to at least skim through them all as there is a lot of nice
 167 knowledge passed on there.  I even carry the latest issue with me most
 168 of the time to try to get through all the articles when I have a few
 169 spare minutes.</p>
 170
 171 <p>The other day I came across a nice article titled
 172 "<a href="https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/winter2018/oneill">The
 173 Secure Socket API: TLS as an Operating System Service</a>" with a
 174 marvellous idea I hope can make it all the way into the POSIX standard.
 175 The idea is as simple as it is powerful.  By introducing a new
 176 socket() option IPPROTO_TLS to use TLS, and a system wide service to
 177 handle setting up TLS connections, one both make it trivial to add TLS
 178 support to any program currently using the POSIX socket API, and gain
 179 system wide control over certificates, TLS versions and encryption
 180 systems used.  Instead of doing this:</p>
 181
 182 <p><blockquote><pre>
 183 int socket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
 184 </pre></blockquote></p>
 185
 186 <p>the program code would be doing this:<p>
 187
 188 <p><blockquote><pre>
 189 int socket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TLS);
 190 </pre></blockquote></p>
 191
 192 <p>According to the ;login: article, converting a C program to use TLS
 193 would normally modify only 5-10 lines in the code, which is amazing
 194 when compared to using for example the OpenSSL API.</p>
 195
 196 <p>The project has set up the
 197 <a href="https://securesocketapi.org/">https://securesocketapi.org/</a>
 198 web site to spread the idea, and the code for a kernel module and the
 199 associated system daemon is available from two github repositories:
 200 <a href="https://github.com/markoneill/ssa">ssa</a> and
 201 <a href="https://github.com/markoneill/ssa-daemon">ssa-daemon</a>.
 202 Unfortunately there is no explicit license information with the code,
 203 so its copyright status is unclear.  A
 204 <a href="https://github.com/markoneill/ssa/issues/2">request to solve
 205 this</a> about it has been unsolved since 2018-08-17.</p>
 206
 207 <p>I love the idea of extending socket() to gain TLS support, and
 208 understand why it is an advantage to implement this as a kernel module
 209 and system wide service daemon, but can not help to think that it
 210 would be a lot easier to get projects to move to this way of setting
 211 up TLS if it was done with a user space approach where programs
 212 wanting to use this API approach could just link with a wrapper
 213 library.</p>
 214
 215 <p>I recommend you check out this simple and powerful approach to more
 216 secure network connections. :)</p>
 217
 218 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 219 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 220 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 221
 222       </div>
 223       <div class="tags">
 224
 225
 226         Tags: <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin</a>.
 227
 228
 229       </div>
 230     </div>
 231     <div class="padding"></div>
 232
 233     <div class="entry">
 234       <div class="title">
 235         <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/Some_notes_on_fault_tolerant_storage_systems.html">Some notes on fault tolerant storage systems</a>
 236       </div>
 237       <div class="date">
 238          1st November 2017
 239       </div>
 240       <div class="body">
 241         <p>If you care about how fault tolerant your storage is, you might
 242 find these articles and papers interesting.  They have formed how I
 243 think of when designing a storage system.</p>
 244
 245 <ul>
 246
 247 <li>USENIX :login; <a
 248 href="https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/summer2017/ganesan">Redundancy
 249 Does Not Imply Fault Tolerance.  Analysis of Distributed Storage
 250 Reactions to Single Errors and Corruptions</a> by Aishwarya Ganesan,
 251 Ramnatthan Alagappan, Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau, and Remzi
 252 H. Arpaci-Dusseau</li>
 253
 254 <li>ZDNet
 255 <a href="http://www.zdnet.com/article/why-raid-5-stops-working-in-2009/">Why
 256 RAID 5 stops working in 2009</a> by Robin Harris</li>
 257
 258 <li>ZDNet
 259 <a href="http://www.zdnet.com/article/why-raid-6-stops-working-in-2019/">Why
 260 RAID 6 stops working in 2019</a> by Robin Harris</li>
 261
 262 <li>USENIX FAST'07
 263 <a href="http://research.google.com/archive/disk_failures.pdf">Failure
 264 Trends in a Large Disk Drive Population</a> by Eduardo Pinheiro,
 265 Wolf-Dietrich Weber and Luiz André Barroso</li>
 266
 267 <li>USENIX ;login: <a
 268 href="https://www.usenix.org/system/files/login/articles/hughes12-04.pdf">Data
 269 Integrity.  Finding Truth in a World of Guesses and Lies</a> by Doug
 270 Hughes</li>
 271
 272 <li>USENIX FAST'08
 273 <a href="https://www.usenix.org/events/fast08/tech/full_papers/bairavasundaram/bairavasundaram_html/">An
 274 Analysis of Data Corruption in the Storage Stack</a> by
 275 L. N. Bairavasundaram, G. R. Goodson, B. Schroeder, A. C.
 276 Arpaci-Dusseau, and R. H. Arpaci-Dusseau</li>
 277
 278 <li>USENIX FAST'07 <a
 279 href="https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/fast07/tech/schroeder/schroeder_html/">Disk
 280 failures in the real world: what does an MTTF of 1,000,000 hours mean
 281 to you?</a> by B. Schroeder and G. A. Gibson.</li>
 282
 283 <li>USENIX ;login: <a
 284 href="https://www.usenix.org/events/fast08/tech/full_papers/jiang/jiang_html/">Are
 285 Disks the Dominant Contributor for Storage Failures?  A Comprehensive
 286 Study of Storage Subsystem Failure Characteristics</a> by Weihang
 287 Jiang, Chongfeng Hu, Yuanyuan Zhou, and Arkady Kanevsky</li>
 288
 289 <li>SIGMETRICS 2007
 290 <a href="http://research.cs.wisc.edu/adsl/Publications/latent-sigmetrics07.pdf">An
 291 analysis of latent sector errors in disk drives</a> by
 292 L. N. Bairavasundaram, G. R. Goodson, S. Pasupathy, and J. Schindler</li>
 293
 294 </ul>
 295
 296 <p>Several of these research papers are based on data collected from
 297 hundred thousands or millions of disk, and their findings are eye
 298 opening.  The short story is simply do not implicitly trust RAID or
 299 redundant storage systems.  Details matter.  And unfortunately there
 300 are few options on Linux addressing all the identified issues.  Both
 301 ZFS and Btrfs are doing a fairly good job, but have legal and
 302 practical issues on their own.  I wonder how cluster file systems like
 303 Ceph do in this regard.  After all, there is an old saying, you know
 304 you have a distributed system when the crash of a computer you have
 305 never heard of stops you from getting any work done.  The same holds
 306 true if fault tolerance do not work.</p>
 307
 308 <p>Just remember, in the end, it do not matter how redundant, or how
 309 fault tolerant your storage is, if you do not continuously monitor its
 310 status to detect and replace failed disks.</p>
 311
 312 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 313 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 314 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 315
 316       </div>
 317       <div class="tags">
 318
 319
 320         Tags: <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/raid">raid</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin</a>.
 321
 322
 323       </div>
 324     </div>
 325     <div class="padding"></div>
 326
 327     <div class="entry">
 328       <div class="title">
 329         <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/Detecting_NFS_hangs_on_Linux_without_hanging_yourself___.html">Detecting NFS hangs on Linux without hanging yourself...</a>
 330       </div>
 331       <div class="date">
 332          9th March 2017
 333       </div>
 334       <div class="body">
 335         <p>Over the years, administrating thousand of NFS mounting linux
 336 computers at the time, I often needed a way to detect if the machine
 337 was experiencing NFS hang.  If you try to use <tt>df</tt> or look at a
 338 file or directory affected by the hang, the process (and possibly the
 339 shell) will hang too.  So you want to be able to detect this without
 340 risking the detection process getting stuck too.  It has not been
 341 obvious how to do this.  When the hang has lasted a while, it is
 342 possible to find messages like these in dmesg:</p>
 343
 344 <p><blockquote>
 345 nfs: server nfsserver not responding, still trying
 346 <br>nfs: server nfsserver OK
 347 </blockquote></p>
 348
 349 <p>It is hard to know if the hang is still going on, and it is hard to
 350 be sure looking in dmesg is going to work.  If there are lots of other
 351 messages in dmesg the lines might have rotated out of site before they
 352 are noticed.</p>
 353
 354 <p>While reading through the nfs client implementation in linux kernel
 355 code, I came across some statistics that seem to give a way to detect
 356 it.  The om_timeouts sunrpc value in the kernel will increase every
 357 time the above log entry is inserted into dmesg.  And after digging a
 358 bit further, I discovered that this value show up in
 359 /proc/self/mountstats on Linux.</p>
 360
 361 <p>The mountstats content seem to be shared between files using the
 362 same file system context, so it is enough to check one of the
 363 mountstats files to get the state of the mount point for the machine.
 364 I assume this will not show lazy umounted NFS points, nor NFS mount
 365 points in a different process context (ie with a different filesystem
 366 view), but that does not worry me.</p>
 367
 368 <p>The content for a NFS mount point look similar to this:</p>
 369
 370 <p><blockquote><pre>
 371 [...]
 372 device /dev/mapper/Debian-var mounted on /var with fstype ext3
 373 device nfsserver:/mnt/nfsserver/home0 mounted on /mnt/nfsserver/home0 with fstype nfs statvers=1.1
 374         opts:   rw,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,acregmin=3,acregmax=60,acdirmin=30,acdirmax=60,soft,nolock,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=129.240.3.145,mountvers=3,mountport=4048,mountproto=udp,local_lock=all
 375         age:    7863311
 376         caps:   caps=0x3fe7,wtmult=4096,dtsize=8192,bsize=0,namlen=255
 377         sec:    flavor=1,pseudoflavor=1
 378         events: 61063112 732346265 1028140 35486205 16220064 8162542 761447191 71714012 37189 3891185 45561809 110486139 4850138 420353 15449177 296502 52736725 13523379 0 52182 9016896 1231 0 0 0 0 0
 379         bytes:  166253035039 219519120027 0 0 40783504807 185466229638 11677877 45561809
 380         RPC iostats version: 1.0  p/v: 100003/3 (nfs)
 381         xprt:   tcp 925 1 6810 0 0 111505412 111480497 109 2672418560317 0 248 53869103 22481820
 382         per-op statistics
 383                 NULL: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 384              GETATTR: 61063106 61063108 0 9621383060 6839064400 453650 77291321 78926132
 385              SETATTR: 463469 463470 0 92005440 66739536 63787 603235 687943
 386               LOOKUP: 17021657 17021657 0 3354097764 4013442928 57216 35125459 35566511
 387               ACCESS: 14281703 14290009 5 2318400592 1713803640 1709282 4865144 7130140
 388             READLINK: 125 125 0 20472 18620 0 1112 1118
 389                 READ: 4214236 4214237 0 715608524 41328653212 89884 22622768 22806693
 390                WRITE: 8479010 8494376 22 187695798568 1356087148 178264904 51506907 231671771
 391               CREATE: 171708 171708 0 38084748 46702272 873 1041833 1050398
 392                MKDIR: 3680 3680 0 773980 993920 26 23990 24245
 393              SYMLINK: 903 903 0 233428 245488 6 5865 5917
 394                MKNOD: 80 80 0 20148 21760 0 299 304
 395               REMOVE: 429921 429921 0 79796004 61908192 3313 2710416 2741636
 396                RMDIR: 3367 3367 0 645112 484848 22 5782 6002
 397               RENAME: 466201 466201 0 130026184 121212260 7075 5935207 5961288
 398                 LINK: 289155 289155 0 72775556 67083960 2199 2565060 2585579
 399              READDIR: 2933237 2933237 0 516506204 13973833412 10385 3190199 3297917
 400          READDIRPLUS: 1652839 1652839 0 298640972 6895997744 84735 14307895 14448937
 401               FSSTAT: 6144 6144 0 1010516 1032192 51 9654 10022
 402               FSINFO: 2 2 0 232 328 0 1 1
 403             PATHCONF: 1 1 0 116 140 0 0 0
 404               COMMIT: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 405
 406 device binfmt_misc mounted on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc with fstype binfmt_misc
 407 [...]
 408 </pre></blockquote></p>
 409
 410 <p>The key number to look at is the third number in the per-op list.
 411 It is the number of NFS timeouts experiences per file system
 412 operation.  Here 22 write timeouts and 5 access timeouts.  If these
 413 numbers are increasing, I believe the machine is experiencing NFS
 414 hang.  Unfortunately the timeout value do not start to increase right
 415 away.  The NFS operations need to time out first, and this can take a
 416 while.  The exact timeout value depend on the setup.  For example the
 417 defaults for TCP and UDP mount points are quite different, and the
 418 timeout value is affected by the soft, hard, timeo and retrans NFS
 419 mount options.</p>
 420
 421 <p>The only way I have been able to get working on Debian and RedHat
 422 Enterprise Linux for getting the timeout count is to peek in /proc/.
 423 But according to
 424 <ahref="http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/816-4555/netmonitor-12/index.html">Solaris
 425 10 System Administration Guide: Network Services</a>, the 'nfsstat -c'
 426 command can be used to get these timeout values.  But this do not work
 427 on Linux, as far as I can tell.  I
 428 <ahref="http://bugs.debian.org/857043">asked Debian about this</a>,
 429 but have not seen any replies yet.</p>
 430
 431 <p>Is there a better way to figure out if a Linux NFS client is
 432 experiencing NFS hangs?  Is there a way to detect which processes are
 433 affected?  Is there a way to get the NFS mount going quickly once the
 434 network problem causing the NFS hang has been cleared?  I would very
 435 much welcome some clues, as we regularly run into NFS hangs.</p>
 436
 437       </div>
 438       <div class="tags">
 439
 440
 441         Tags: <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin</a>.
 442
 443
 444       </div>
 445     </div>
 446     <div class="padding"></div>
 447
 448     <div class="entry">
 449       <div class="title">
 450         <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/Debian_Jessie__PXE_and_automatic_firmware_installation.html">Debian Jessie, PXE and automatic firmware installation</a>
 451       </div>
 452       <div class="date">
 453         17th October 2014
 454       </div>
 455       <div class="body">
 456         <p>When PXE installing laptops with Debian, I often run into the
 457 problem that the WiFi card require some firmware to work properly.
 458 And it has been a pain to fix this using preseeding in Debian.
 459 Normally something more is needed.  But thanks to
 460 <a href="https://packages.qa.debian.org/i/isenkram.html">my isenkram
 461 package</a> and its recent tasksel extension, it has now become easy
 462 to do this using simple preseeding.</p>
 463
 464 <p>The isenkram-cli package provide tasksel tasks which will install
 465 firmware for the hardware found in the machine (actually, requested by
 466 the kernel modules for the hardware).  (It can also install user space
 467 programs supporting the hardware detected, but that is not the focus
 468 of this story.)</p>
 469
 470 <p>To get this working in the default installation, two preeseding
 471 values are needed.  First, the isenkram-cli package must be installed
 472 into the target chroot (aka the hard drive) before tasksel is executed
 473 in the pkgsel step of the debian-installer system.  This is done by
 474 preseeding the base-installer/includes debconf value to include the
 475 isenkram-cli package.  The package name is next passed to debootstrap
 476 for installation.  With the isenkram-cli package in place, tasksel
 477 will automatically use the isenkram tasks to detect hardware specific
 478 packages for the machine being installed and install them, because
 479 isenkram-cli contain tasksel tasks.</p>
 480
 481 <p>Second, one need to enable the non-free APT repository, because
 482 most firmware unfortunately is non-free.  This is done by preseeding
 483 the apt-mirror-setup step.  This is unfortunate, but for a lot of
 484 hardware it is the only option in Debian.</p>
 485
 486 <p>The end result is two lines needed in your preseeding file to get
 487 firmware installed automatically by the installer:</p>
 488
 489 <p><blockquote><pre>
 490 base-installer base-installer/includes string isenkram-cli
 491 apt-mirror-setup apt-setup/non-free boolean true
 492 </pre></blockquote></p>
 493
 494 <p>The current version of isenkram-cli in testing/jessie will install
 495 both firmware and user space packages when using this method.  It also
 496 do not work well, so use version 0.15 or later.  Installing both
 497 firmware and user space packages might give you a bit more than you
 498 want, so I decided to split the tasksel task in two, one for firmware
 499 and one for user space programs.  The firmware task is enabled by
 500 default, while the one for user space programs is not.  This split is
 501 implemented in the package currently in unstable.</p>
 502
 503 <p>If you decide to give this a go, please let me know (via email) how
 504 this recipe work for you. :)</p>
 505
 506 <p>So, I bet you are wondering, how can this work.  First and
 507 foremost, it work because tasksel is modular, and driven by whatever
 508 files it find in /usr/lib/tasksel/ and /usr/share/tasksel/.  So the
 509 isenkram-cli package place two files for tasksel to find.  First there
 510 is the task description file (/usr/share/tasksel/descs/isenkram.desc):</p>
 511
 512 <p><blockquote><pre>
 513 Task: isenkram-packages
 514 Section: hardware
 515 Description: Hardware specific packages (autodetected by isenkram)
 516  Based on the detected hardware various hardware specific packages are
 517  proposed.
 518 Test-new-install: show show
 519 Relevance: 8
 520 Packages: for-current-hardware
 521
 522 Task: isenkram-firmware
 523 Section: hardware
 524 Description: Hardware specific firmware packages (autodetected by isenkram)
 525  Based on the detected hardware various hardware specific firmware
 526  packages are proposed.
 527 Test-new-install: mark show
 528 Relevance: 8
 529 Packages: for-current-hardware-firmware
 530 </pre></blockquote></p>
 531
 532 <p>The key parts are Test-new-install which indicate how the task
 533 should be handled and the Packages line referencing to a script in
 534 /usr/lib/tasksel/packages/.  The scripts use other scripts to get a
 535 list of packages to install.  The for-current-hardware-firmware script
 536 look like this to list relevant firmware for the machine:
 537
 538 <p><blockquote><pre>
 539 #!/bin/sh
 540 #
 541 PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
 542 export PATH
 543 isenkram-autoinstall-firmware -l
 544 </pre></blockquote></p>
 545
 546 <p>With those two pieces in place, the firmware is installed by
 547 tasksel during the normal d-i run. :)</p>
 548
 549 <p>If you want to test what tasksel will install when isenkram-cli is
 550 installed, run <tt>DEBIAN_PRIORITY=critical tasksel --test
 551 --new-install</tt> to get the list of packages that tasksel would
 552 install.</p>
 553
 554 <p><a href="https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/">Debian Edu</a> will be
 555 pilots in testing this feature, as isenkram is used there now to
 556 install firmware, replacing the earlier scripts.</p>
 557
 558       </div>
 559       <div class="tags">
 560
 561
 562         Tags: <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin</a>.
 563
 564
 565       </div>
 566     </div>
 567     <div class="padding"></div>
 568
 569     <div class="entry">
 570       <div class="title">
 571         <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/Scripting_the_Cerebrum_bofhd_user_administration_system_using_XML_RPC.html">Scripting the Cerebrum/bofhd user administration system using XML-RPC</a>
 572       </div>
 573       <div class="date">
 574          6th December 2012
 575       </div>
 576       <div class="body">
 577         <p>Where I work at the <a href="http://www.uio.no/">University of
 578 Oslo</a>, we use the
 579 <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/cerebrum/">Cerebrum user
 580 administration system</a> to maintain users, groups, DNS, DHCP, etc.
 581 I've known since the system was written that the server is providing
 582 an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML-RPC">XML-RPC</a> API, but
 583 I have never spent time to try to figure out how to use it, as we
 584 always use the bofh command line client at work.  Until today.  I want
 585 to script the updating of DNS and DHCP to make it easier to set up
 586 virtual machines.  Here are a few notes on how to use it with
 587 Python.</p>
 588
 589 <p>I started by looking at the source of the Java
 590 <a href="http://cerebrum.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/cerebrum/trunk/cerebrum/clients/jbofh/">bofh
 591 client</a>, to figure out how it connected to the API server.  I also
 592 googled for python examples on how to use XML-RPC, and found
 593 <a href="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/XML-RPC-HOWTO/xmlrpc-howto-python.html">a
 594 simple example in</a> the XML-RPC howto.</p>
 595
 596 <p>This simple example code show how to connect, get the list of
 597 commands (as a JSON dump), and how to get the information about the
 598 user currently logged in:</p>
 599
 600 <blockquote><pre>
 601 #!/usr/bin/env python
 602 import getpass
 603 import xmlrpclib
 604 server_url = 'https://cerebrum-uio.uio.no:8000';
 605 username = getpass.getuser()
 606 password = getpass.getpass()
 607 server = xmlrpclib.Server(server_url);
 608 #print server.get_commands(sessionid)
 609 sessionid = server.login(username, password)
 610 print server.run_command(sessionid, "user_info", username)
 611 result = server.logout(sessionid)
 612 print result
 613 </pre></blockquote>
 614
 615 <p>Armed with this knowledge I can now move forward and script the DNS
 616 and DHCP updates I wanted to do.</p>
 617
 618       </div>
 619       <div class="tags">
 620
 621
 622         Tags: <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin</a>.
 623
 624
 625       </div>
 626     </div>
 627     <div class="padding"></div>
 628
 629     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="sysadmin.rss"><img src="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 630     <div id="sidebar">
 631
 632
 633
 634 <h2>Archive</h2>
 635 <ul>
 636
 637 <li>2025
 638 <ul>
 639
 640 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2025/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 641
 642 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2025/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 643
 644 </ul></li>
 645
 646 <li>2024
 647 <ul>
 648
 649 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2024/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 650
 651 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2024/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 652
 653 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2024/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 654
 655 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2024/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 656
 657 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2024/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 658
 659 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2024/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 660
 661 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2024/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 662
 663 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2024/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 664
 665 </ul></li>
 666
 667 <li>2023
 668 <ul>
 669
 670 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 671
 672 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 673
 674 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 675
 676 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 677
 678 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 679
 680 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 681
 682 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 683
 684 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 685
 686 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/11/">November (4)</a></li>
 687
 688 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2023/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 689
 690 </ul></li>
 691
 692 <li>2022
 693 <ul>
 694
 695 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 696
 697 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 698
 699 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 700
 701 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 702
 703 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 704
 705 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 706
 707 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 708
 709 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2022/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 710
 711 </ul></li>
 712
 713 <li>2021
 714 <ul>
 715
 716 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 717
 718 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 719
 720 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 721
 722 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 723
 724 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (3)</a></li>
 725
 726 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 727
 728 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 729
 730 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 731
 732 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2021/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 733
 734 </ul></li>
 735
 736 <li>2020
 737 <ul>
 738
 739 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 740
 741 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 742
 743 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 744
 745 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 746
 747 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 748
 749 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 750
 751 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 752
 753 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 754
 755 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 756
 757 </ul></li>
 758
 759 <li>2019
 760 <ul>
 761
 762 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 763
 764 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 765
 766 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 767
 768 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 769
 770 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 771
 772 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 773
 774 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 775
 776 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 777
 778 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 779
 780 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 781
 782 </ul></li>
 783
 784 <li>2018
 785 <ul>
 786
 787 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 788
 789 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 790
 791 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 792
 793 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 794
 795 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 796
 797 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 798
 799 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 800
 801 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 802
 803 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 804
 805 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 806
 807 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 808
 809 </ul></li>
 810
 811 <li>2017
 812 <ul>
 813
 814 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 815
 816 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 817
 818 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 819
 820 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 821
 822 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 823
 824 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 825
 826 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 827
 828 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 829
 830 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 831
 832 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 833
 834 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 835
 836 </ul></li>
 837
 838 <li>2016
 839 <ul>
 840
 841 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 842
 843 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 844
 845 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 846
 847 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 848
 849 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 850
 851 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 852
 853 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 854
 855 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 856
 857 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 858
 859 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 860
 861 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 862
 863 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 864
 865 </ul></li>
 866
 867 <li>2015
 868 <ul>
 869
 870 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 871
 872 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 873
 874 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 875
 876 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 877
 878 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 879
 880 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 881
 882 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 883
 884 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 885
 886 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 887
 888 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 889
 890 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 891
 892 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 893
 894 </ul></li>
 895
 896 <li>2014
 897 <ul>
 898
 899 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 900
 901 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 902
 903 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 904
 905 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 906
 907 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 908
 909 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 910
 911 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 912
 913 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 914
 915 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 916
 917 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 918
 919 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 920
 921 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 922
 923 </ul></li>
 924
 925 <li>2013
 926 <ul>
 927
 928 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 929
 930 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 931
 932 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 933
 934 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 935
 936 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 937
 938 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 939
 940 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 941
 942 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 943
 944 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 945
 946 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 947
 948 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 949
 950 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 951
 952 </ul></li>
 953
 954 <li>2012
 955 <ul>
 956
 957 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 958
 959 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 960
 961 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 962
 963 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 964
 965 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 966
 967 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 968
 969 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 970
 971 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 972
 973 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 974
 975 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 976
 977 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 978
 979 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 980
 981 </ul></li>
 982
 983 <li>2011
 984 <ul>
 985
 986 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 987
 988 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 989
 990 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 991
 992 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 993
 994 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 995
 996 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 997
 998 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 999
1000 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1001
1002 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1003
1004 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1005
1006 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1007
1008 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1009
1010 </ul></li>
1011
1012 <li>2010
1013 <ul>
1014
1015 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1016
1017 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1018
1019 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1020
1021 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1022
1023 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1024
1025 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1026
1027 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1028
1029 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1030
1031 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1032
1033 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1034
1035 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1036
1037 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1038
1039 </ul></li>
1040
1041 <li>2009
1042 <ul>
1043
1044 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1045
1046 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1047
1048 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1049
1050 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1051
1052 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1053
1054 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1055
1056 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1057
1058 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1059
1060 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1061
1062 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1063
1064 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1065
1066 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1067
1068 </ul></li>
1069
1070 <li>2008
1071 <ul>
1072
1073 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1074
1075 <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1076
1077 </ul></li>
1078
1079 </ul>
1080
1081
1082
1083 <h2>Tags</h2>
1084 <ul>
1085
1086  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
1087
1088  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1089
1090  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1091
1092  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1093
1094  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
1095
1096  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (13)</a></li>
1097
1098  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
1099
1100  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1101
1102  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (3)</a></li>
1103
1104  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (208)</a></li>
1105
1106  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
1107
1108  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
1109
1110  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
1111
1112  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
1113
1114  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (33)</a></li>
1115
1116  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1117
1118  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/english">english (470)</a></li>
1119
1120  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1121
1122  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
1123
1124  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
1125
1126  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1127
1128  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
1129
1130  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
1131
1132  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
1133
1134  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (21)</a></li>
1135
1136  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
1137
1138  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (6)</a></li>
1139
1140  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1141
1142  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
1143
1144  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1145
1146  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (8)</a></li>
1147
1148  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (3)</a></li>
1149
1150  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1151
1152  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
1153
1154  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1155
1156  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (47)</a></li>
1157
1158  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (15)</a></li>
1159
1160  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (27)</a></li>
1161
1162  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (326)</a></li>
1163
1164  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (200)</a></li>
1165
1166  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (42)</a></li>
1167
1168  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1169
1170  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch (4)</a></li>
1171
1172  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (76)</a></li>
1173
1174  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
1175
1176  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (4)</a></li>
1177
1178  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1179
1180  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1181
1182  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1183
1184  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
1185
1186  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1187
1188  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
1189
1190  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1191
1192  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (60)</a></li>
1193
1194  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1195
1196  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
1197
1198  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (79)</a></li>
1199
1200  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
1201
1202  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
1203
1204  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (65)</a></li>
1205
1206  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (6)</a></li>
1207
1208  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1209
1210  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
1211
1212  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (23)</a></li>
1213
1214  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/video">video (81)</a></li>
1215
1216  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1217
1218  <li><a href="http://www.hungry.com/~pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
1219
1220 </ul>
1221
1222
1223     </div>
1224     <p style="text-align: right">
1225  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1226 </p>
1227
1228   </body>
1229 </html>