X-Git-Url: http://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-madewithcc.git/blobdiff_plain/6675adf45cc1169b3120d7bebf61b0b53e0b4076..5bb91b43b2ee93c72111ced0a1d9dbde0ec8d461:/po/nl/mwcc.po diff --git a/po/nl/mwcc.po b/po/nl/mwcc.po index 7361417..ea048bd 100644 --- a/po/nl/mwcc.po +++ b/po/nl/mwcc.po @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-07-30 00:04-0500\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-07-10 13:29+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Heimen Stoffels \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-06 08:32+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-02-04 21:35+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Nathan Follens \n" "Language-Team: Dutch \n" "Language: nl\n" @@ -16,36 +16,31 @@ msgstr "" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n" -"X-Generator: Weblate 2.16-dev\n" +"X-Generator: Weblate 2.19-dev\n" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3 #, fuzzy -msgid "Made with Creative Commons" -msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4 -msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" -msgstr "Paul Stacey en Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" +msgid "% Made with Creative Commons % Paul Stacey;Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" +msgstr "door Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5 msgid "Made With Creative Commons" msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7 msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "door Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:9 msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons." msgstr "© 2017, door Creative Commons." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:12 msgid "" "Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-" "SA), version 4.0." @@ -54,92 +49,92 @@ msgstr "" "BY-SA), versie 4.0." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:15 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:14 msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3" msgstr "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:17 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:16 msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk" msgstr "Omslag en intern ontwerp door Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:18 msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma" msgstr "Inhoudsbewerking door Grace Yaginuma" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:20 msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com" msgstr "Illustraties door Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:22 msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc" msgstr "E-boek beschikbaar voor downloaden op madewith.cc" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:24 msgid "Publisher:" msgstr "Uitgever:" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:26 msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books" msgstr "Ctrl+Alt+Delete boeken" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:28 msgid "Husumgade 10, 5." msgstr "Husumgade 10, 5." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:30 msgid "2200 Copenhagen N" msgstr "2200 Kopenhagen N" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:32 msgid "Denmark" msgstr "Denemarken" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:34 msgid "www.cadb.dk" msgstr "www.cadb.dk" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:36 msgid "hey@cadb.dk" msgstr "hey@cadb.dk" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:38 msgid "Printer:" msgstr "Drukker:" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:40 msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa" msgstr "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:42 msgid "88-100 Inowrocław," msgstr "88-100 Inowrocław," #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:44 msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12," msgstr "ul. Cegielna 10/12," #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:46 msgid "Poland" msgstr "Polen" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:55 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:54 msgid "" "This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can " "copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any " @@ -158,7 +153,7 @@ msgstr "" "Licentiedetails: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:59 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:58 msgid "" "Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative " "Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com " @@ -166,18 +161,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Gemaakt met Creative Commons wordt uitgegeven met de vriendelijke " "ondersteuning van Creative Commons en de mensen die bijgedragen hebben aan " -"onze crowdfunding-campange op Kickstarter.com." +"onze crowdfunding-campagne op Kickstarter.com." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:69 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " -"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " -"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " -"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " -"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily " -"lives.”" +"> “I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . > The way that " +"I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do > is. . . essays " +"like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably > bright but also " +"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at > far more length " +"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have > a chance to in our " +"daily lives.” > > > > — *David Foster Wallace*" msgstr "" "\"Ik weet niet veel van niet-fictieve " "journalistiek. . . De manier waarop ik aan dit soort dingen denk en wat ik " @@ -186,18 +181,12 @@ msgstr "" "over allerlei soorten dingen dan de meesten van ons in ons dagelijks leven.\"" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:70 -#, fuzzy -msgid "- David Foster Wallace" -msgstr "- David Foster Wallace" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:71 msgid "## Foreword" -msgstr "" +msgstr "## Voorwoord" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:80 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:79 msgid "" "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of " @@ -215,7 +204,7 @@ msgstr "" "zakelijke werkwijzen d.m.v. CC \"een rode haring.\"" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:85 msgid "" "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " @@ -231,7 +220,7 @@ msgstr "" "einde zelf.\"" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:91 msgid "" "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s " "words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts " @@ -246,7 +235,7 @@ msgstr "" "hoogstwaarschijnlijk niet. Ook al wilt iemand altijd de loterij.\"" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:99 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:98 msgid "" "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost " "nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your " @@ -263,7 +252,7 @@ msgstr "" "vruchten oogsten van het volgen van hun passies." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:104 msgid "" "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to " "create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards " @@ -272,7 +261,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:112 msgid "" "Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by " "collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the " @@ -283,7 +272,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:120 msgid "" "Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation " "overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of " @@ -295,7 +284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:130 msgid "" "Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of " "people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past " @@ -308,7 +297,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:139 msgid "" "As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They " "researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and " @@ -321,7 +310,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:145 msgid "" "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles " "and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, " @@ -331,7 +320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:152 msgid "" "For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a " "Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The " @@ -342,7 +331,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:161 msgid "" "Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, " "drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged " @@ -354,7 +343,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:166 msgid "" "Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are " "part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a " @@ -362,7 +351,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:173 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I " "reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer " @@ -373,7 +362,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:185 msgid "" "Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " "community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " @@ -389,7 +378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:194 msgid "" "This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a " "roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social " @@ -401,7 +390,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:202 msgid "" "In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder " "Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They " @@ -413,7 +402,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:208 msgid "" "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for " "the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to " @@ -423,36 +412,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:210 msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:212 #, no-wrap msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n" -msgstr "" +msgstr "*Ryan Merkley*\n" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:214 #, no-wrap msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n" -msgstr "" +msgstr "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:216 msgid "## Introduction" -msgstr "" +msgstr "## Inleiding" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:219 msgid "" "This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a " "twist." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:229 msgid "" "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and " "businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work " @@ -466,7 +455,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:236 msgid "" "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this " "project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, " @@ -476,14 +465,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:239 msgid "" "But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way " "of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:245 msgid "" "Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and " "seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing " @@ -493,7 +482,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:251 msgid "" "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " "model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " @@ -503,7 +492,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:259 msgid "" "We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen " "overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in " @@ -514,7 +503,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:268 msgid "" "Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of " "understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other " @@ -526,14 +515,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:273 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:272 msgid "" "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section " "reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279 msgid "" "Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. " "He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the " @@ -544,7 +533,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:288 msgid "" "The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means " "to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one " @@ -556,7 +545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:294 msgid "" "And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different " "Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more " @@ -565,7 +554,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:299 msgid "" "Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, " "businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated " @@ -573,7 +562,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:303 msgid "" "Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative " "Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, " @@ -581,7 +570,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:309 msgid "" "Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at " "and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has " @@ -591,33 +580,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:311 #, no-wrap msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314 -msgid "# Part 1" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316 msgid "# The Big Picture" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316 msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318 msgid "Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the " "web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. " @@ -628,7 +612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:335 msgid "" "In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital " "commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad " @@ -641,7 +625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:346 msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " @@ -655,12 +639,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348 msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:353 msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " @@ -669,7 +653,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:361 msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " @@ -681,14 +665,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:364 msgid "" "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " "engagement with commons, state, and market." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:373 msgid "" "Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with " "little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies " @@ -701,7 +685,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:381 msgid "" "All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and " "sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate " @@ -712,7 +696,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:387 msgid "" "The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of " "the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and " @@ -721,7 +705,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:390 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.5417in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:398 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -733,12 +724,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400 msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:408 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework " @@ -750,7 +741,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:414 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -760,12 +751,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:417 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"6.5in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419 msgid "#### Characteristics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:424 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " "they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" @@ -774,7 +772,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:433 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -786,7 +784,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:441 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -798,7 +796,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:448 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " @@ -808,7 +806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:457 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -820,7 +818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:465 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as " @@ -832,12 +830,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467 msgid "#### People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:471 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -845,7 +843,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:479 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -856,7 +854,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:486 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -867,7 +865,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:500 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can " @@ -884,12 +882,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"4.2362in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505 msgid "#### Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -897,7 +902,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:516 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -907,7 +912,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -915,7 +920,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -925,12 +930,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529 msgid "#### Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -939,7 +944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What " "we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the " @@ -949,7 +954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -960,7 +965,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -971,7 +976,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:560 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -980,12 +985,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562 msgid "### A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:569 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -996,7 +1001,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:575 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1006,7 +1011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:584 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1018,7 +1023,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:587 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:595 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) " "taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of " @@ -1029,7 +1041,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:607 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1044,14 +1056,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:601 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:614 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:623 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " "Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " @@ -1063,7 +1082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:640 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " "Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. " @@ -1083,7 +1102,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:650 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1096,7 +1115,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:660 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1109,7 +1128,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:665 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1118,12 +1137,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:668 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670 msgid "### The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:674 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1131,12 +1157,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1144,24 +1170,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682 msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:685 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:698 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1177,7 +1203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:707 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1190,7 +1216,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:718 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1205,7 +1231,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:724 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1215,13 +1241,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726 #, fuzzy msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons" -msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons" +msgstr "### Gemaakt met Creative Commons" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:733 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1232,7 +1258,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:747 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1249,7 +1275,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:754 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People " @@ -1259,7 +1285,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1270,7 +1296,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1284,7 +1310,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:778 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1294,7 +1320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:788 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1308,12 +1334,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790 msgid "### The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:802 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1328,7 +1354,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:808 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1338,7 +1364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:816 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1350,7 +1376,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:833 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1370,7 +1396,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:843 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1383,7 +1409,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:854 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1398,7 +1424,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:861 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1409,7 +1435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:867 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1418,7 +1444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1432,7 +1458,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:885 msgid "" "“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " "Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " @@ -1442,7 +1468,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:894 msgid "" "It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " "as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for " @@ -1455,7 +1481,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:905 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1469,7 +1495,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:916 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -1484,12 +1510,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918 msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:923 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1498,7 +1524,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:930 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1508,7 +1534,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:941 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -1522,7 +1548,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:952 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1536,7 +1562,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:964 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1551,7 +1577,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:974 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -1565,7 +1591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:986 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1580,7 +1606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1597,7 +1623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1004 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1606,12 +1632,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006 msgid "### Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1015 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, " @@ -1624,7 +1650,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1021 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -1634,7 +1660,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1029 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -1646,7 +1672,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -1656,7 +1682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1041 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -1665,7 +1691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -1680,7 +1706,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1059 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -1691,7 +1717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1066 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -1702,40 +1728,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268 msgid "### Notes" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "" "Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " @@ -1744,29 +1771,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "" "Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing " "Knowledge Commons, 59." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 #, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n" "10. Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in\n" " a Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the\n" " Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and\n" -" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press,\n" -" 2015), 201–4.\n" +" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015),\n" +" 201–4.\n" "11. Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the\n" " Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola\n" " Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43.\n" @@ -1787,8 +1814,8 @@ msgid "" " 22, 2016.\n" "18. Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the\n" " Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental\n" -" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media,\n" -" 2001), www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n" +" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001),\n" +" www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n" "19. New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing:\n" " Why Do People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer\n" " Insight Group, 2011), www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf.\n" @@ -1797,8 +1824,8 @@ msgid "" "21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA:\n" " Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/.\n" "22. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified\n" -" September 24,\n" -" 2016, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n" +" September 24, 2016,\n" +" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n" "23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114.\n" "24. Ibid., 116.\n" "25. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm\n" @@ -1807,8 +1834,8 @@ msgid "" "26. City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and\n" " the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n" " LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n" -" City of Bologna,\n" -" 2014), www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n" +" City of Bologna, 2014),\n" +" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n" "27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n" " Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n" "28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n" @@ -1829,36 +1856,36 @@ msgid "" "33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n" " (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is\n" " available at strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n" -"34. This business model canvas is available to download\n" -" at strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n" +"34. This business model canvas is available to download at\n" +" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n" "35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n" -" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online\n" -" at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n" +" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at\n" +" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n" " You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n" -" Questions\n" -" at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n" +" Questions at\n" +" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n" "36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n" " post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n" -" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available\n" -" at medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n" +" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at\n" +" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n" "37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n" " and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n" " Press, 2006), 31–44.\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 #, fuzzy msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons" -msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons" +msgstr "## Gemaakt met Creative Commons" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1186 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -1875,7 +1902,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1195 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -1887,7 +1914,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -1895,7 +1922,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1207 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -1906,7 +1933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1215 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " @@ -1918,7 +1945,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1220 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -1927,7 +1954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -1939,7 +1966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1238 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -1952,7 +1979,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1244 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -1962,7 +1989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -1977,7 +2004,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1265 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -1991,7 +2018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1271 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2001,7 +2028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1282 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -2016,7 +2043,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1291 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2028,7 +2055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1299 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2040,7 +2067,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1303 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2048,7 +2075,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1313 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2061,7 +2088,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1324 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2075,7 +2102,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1334 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 " @@ -2088,7 +2115,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1347 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2105,7 +2132,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1358 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. " @@ -2120,7 +2147,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1364 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2130,7 +2157,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1368 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2138,12 +2165,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370 msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1385 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " @@ -2162,7 +2189,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1398 msgid "" "While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " "analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " @@ -2178,7 +2205,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1411 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2195,7 +2222,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " @@ -2203,7 +2230,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1424 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2216,7 +2243,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1431 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -2226,7 +2253,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1439 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2237,7 +2264,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1453 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -2254,7 +2281,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1461 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -2265,7 +2292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1470 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 " @@ -2278,19 +2305,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1473 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475 msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1485 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2303,7 +2330,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1492 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -2313,7 +2340,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1504 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -2328,7 +2355,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1512 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -2339,12 +2366,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514 msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1529 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -2362,7 +2389,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1540 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2377,7 +2404,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1552 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2392,7 +2419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1560 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -2403,12 +2430,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562 msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1569 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2419,7 +2446,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2435,7 +2462,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1596 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2447,23 +2474,17 @@ msgid "" "physical copies, which makes them much more attractive to students who then " "demand them from their universities. They also partner with service " "providers who build atop the CC-licensed content and, in turn, spend money " -"and" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1581 -msgid "" -"resources marketing those services (and by extension, the OpenStax " +"and resources marketing those services (and by extension, the OpenStax " "textbooks)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598 msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1603 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2472,7 +2493,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1613 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -2486,7 +2507,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1625 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " @@ -2501,7 +2522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" @@ -2513,12 +2534,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635 msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1647 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2533,12 +2554,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649 msgid "### Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1664 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -2549,19 +2570,13 @@ msgid "" "operates.28 But in many cases, the revenue streams used by endeavors that " "are Made with Creative Commons are directly tied to the value they generate, " "where the recipient is paying for the value they receive like any standard " -"market transaction. In still other" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650 -msgid "" -"cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of money for value that " -"typically drives market transactions, the recipient gives money out of a " -"sense of reciprocity." +"market transaction. In still other cases, rather than the quid pro quo " +"exchange of money for value that typically drives market transactions, the " +"recipient gives money out of a sense of reciprocity." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -2572,7 +2587,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1679 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2583,12 +2598,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681 msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1688 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are " @@ -2599,7 +2614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -2616,7 +2631,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -2629,7 +2644,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1718 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -2640,33 +2655,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " "lives within your free digital content. Often, the CC-licensed content " -"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711 -msgid "service." +"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or service." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728 msgid "" -"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED" +"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work *\\[MARKET-BASED" "\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1737 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -2678,12 +2688,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726 -msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739 +msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1760 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -2707,12 +2717,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1749 -msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762 +msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1770 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -2723,12 +2733,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1759 -msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772 +msgid "#### Selling merchandise *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1777 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -2737,7 +2747,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -2752,12 +2762,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1777 -msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790 +msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1801 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -2772,12 +2782,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790 -msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803 +msgid "#### Charging your content creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1813 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " @@ -2791,12 +2801,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802 -msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815 +msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1825 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this " @@ -2809,12 +2819,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814 -msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827 +msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1834 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -2825,12 +2835,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1823 -msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836 +msgid "#### Licensing a trademark *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1845 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -2843,12 +2853,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847 msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -2857,7 +2867,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1862 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -2871,7 +2881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1868 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -2881,7 +2891,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1873 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of " @@ -2890,12 +2900,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875 msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1887 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -2910,12 +2920,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889 msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1899 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -2928,12 +2938,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901 msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1916 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -2951,7 +2961,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -2962,12 +2972,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925 msgid "### Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " @@ -2984,7 +2994,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1945 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -2994,7 +3004,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1949 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3002,7 +3012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1953 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3010,7 +3020,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1962 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -3023,7 +3033,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1974 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3038,7 +3048,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1979 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3047,12 +3057,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981 msgid "#### Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1988 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom " @@ -3063,7 +3073,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2000 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3078,7 +3088,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2010 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " @@ -3092,7 +3102,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2006 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2019 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " @@ -3104,12 +3114,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2008 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021 msgid "#### Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2031 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3122,33 +3132,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2044 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" -"denominator solutions and" +"denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that " +"cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking " +"for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions you make, " +"even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you " +"don’t go through the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it " +"can be worse than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get " +"it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps " +"endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and invested " +"in what you do." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032 -msgid "" -"avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that cultivates healthy " -"collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then " -"giving context and explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting " -"feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through " -"the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse " -"than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get it right, it " -"can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps endeavors excel. " -"And it is another way to get people involved and invested in what you do." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2034 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046 msgid "#### Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2059 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this " @@ -3165,7 +3170,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2056 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2068 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume " @@ -3178,7 +3183,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2078 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3192,12 +3197,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080 msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2089 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " "As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you " @@ -3209,7 +3214,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3217,7 +3222,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2106 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -3232,12 +3237,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108 msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2118 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3250,7 +3255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2115 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3263,7 +3268,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2133 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3272,12 +3277,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135 msgid "#### Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2145 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -3290,7 +3295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2157 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -3305,7 +3310,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2169 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " @@ -3320,19 +3325,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2173 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175 msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2186 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -3347,7 +3352,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2198 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3363,7 +3368,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2206 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3375,12 +3380,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208 msgid "#### Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2220 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to " @@ -3390,16 +3395,11 @@ msgid "" "than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate best when " "people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly for " "larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple " -"improvements without a particularly heavy time" +"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.68" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209 -msgid "commitment.68" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -3411,7 +3411,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2246 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -3431,7 +3431,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2246 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2257 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -3445,7 +3445,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2266 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -3457,13 +3457,8 @@ msgid "" "active participants.75" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2257 -msgid "#### Notes" -msgstr "" - #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at " @@ -3471,19 +3466,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -3491,33 +3486,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 #, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n" @@ -3590,8 +3585,8 @@ msgid "" "64. Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing,\n" " reprint with new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012).\n" "65. David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the\n" -" Internet,” BBC News, March 3,\n" -" 2016, www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n" +" Internet,” BBC News, March 3, 2016,\n" +" www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n" "66. Anderson, Makers, 148.\n" "67. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164.\n" "68. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n" @@ -3607,13 +3602,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 #, fuzzy msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses" -msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons" +msgstr "## Gemaakt met Creative Commons" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2384 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -3628,12 +3623,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2381 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2389 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -3642,7 +3644,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2398 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2405 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -3653,7 +3662,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2408 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -3661,7 +3677,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -3670,7 +3693,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2423 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -3678,7 +3708,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2430 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2435 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -3687,7 +3724,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -3695,21 +3732,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2443 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png){width=\"4.1665in" +"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png){width=\"4.1665in" +"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2462 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -3722,7 +3773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -3737,7 +3788,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2486 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -3752,7 +3803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -3761,7 +3812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -3775,12 +3826,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " @@ -3788,22 +3839,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509 msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2476 -msgid "# Part 2" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512 msgid "# The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2520 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -3815,7 +3861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -3825,24 +3871,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2528 msgid "## Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533 msgid "www.arduino.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, " "shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to " @@ -3850,36 +3896,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222 msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2541 msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3547 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3992 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4229 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4851 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5078 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5316 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5751 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5996 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6385 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7029 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2555 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -3895,7 +3941,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2563 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -3906,7 +3952,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2570 msgid "" "“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " "Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " @@ -3917,7 +3963,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2579 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " @@ -3928,7 +3974,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -3939,7 +3985,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -3949,7 +3995,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -3964,7 +4010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2618 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -3980,7 +4026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -3991,7 +4037,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2631 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -4001,7 +4047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2641 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4015,7 +4061,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2651 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4028,7 +4074,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4041,7 +4087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2671 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -4055,7 +4101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2681 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4069,7 +4115,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4081,7 +4127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4092,7 +4138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2709 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4108,7 +4154,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2681 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4118,7 +4164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2721 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " @@ -4128,7 +4174,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2725 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4136,38 +4182,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2693 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3731 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3971 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4208 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4830 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5055 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5294 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5974 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6202 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6643 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7241 msgid "Web links" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730 msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730 msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732 msgid "## Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2736 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4175,41 +4221,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738 msgid "www.articaonline.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2740 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2742 msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2744 msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2712 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2862 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3017 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3358 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4470 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5558 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6226 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6663 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6841 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4218,12 +4264,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2763 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -4236,7 +4282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2774 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4251,7 +4297,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2783 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -4263,7 +4309,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4274,7 +4320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2796 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4284,7 +4330,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2802 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4294,7 +4340,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2816 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4311,7 +4357,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2822 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4321,7 +4367,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2831 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " @@ -4333,7 +4379,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2839 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " @@ -4344,7 +4390,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2845 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " "educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " @@ -4354,7 +4400,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -4362,7 +4408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " "not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " @@ -4377,7 +4423,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2868 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. " "Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4388,7 +4434,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2874 msgid "" "“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " "easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " @@ -4398,7 +4444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2880 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -4408,41 +4454,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2848 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2882 msgid "## Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2853 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887 msgid "www.blender.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical " "copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892 msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894 msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2905 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4455,7 +4501,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2914 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -4467,7 +4513,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -4476,7 +4522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2930 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -4489,7 +4535,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2940 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -4503,7 +4549,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " @@ -4513,7 +4559,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2956 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -4525,7 +4571,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -4536,7 +4582,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2969 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -4546,7 +4592,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2980 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -4560,7 +4606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2954 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2988 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -4571,7 +4617,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -4581,7 +4627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -4598,7 +4644,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -4607,7 +4653,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -4618,7 +4664,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -4627,7 +4673,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -4639,44 +4685,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3036 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3038 msgid "## Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043 msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3047 msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3049 msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " @@ -4684,7 +4730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3064 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" @@ -4696,7 +4742,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -4706,7 +4752,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -4715,7 +4761,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3081 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -4725,7 +4771,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -4733,7 +4779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3097 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -4748,7 +4794,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3067 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3101 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " @@ -4756,7 +4802,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106 msgid "" "But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " "game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " @@ -4765,7 +4811,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3084 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3118 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -4781,7 +4827,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3088 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3122 msgid "" "“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " "going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. " @@ -4789,7 +4835,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -4798,7 +4844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3134 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " "subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " @@ -4809,7 +4855,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3145 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -4824,7 +4870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3152 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -4834,7 +4880,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157 msgid "" "Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -4843,7 +4889,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -4858,7 +4904,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3176 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -4870,7 +4916,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -4883,7 +4929,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3191 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -4893,7 +4939,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities " "and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other " @@ -4904,7 +4950,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -4914,7 +4960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209 msgid "" "“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " "said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " @@ -4923,12 +4969,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3211 msgid "## The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3215 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -4936,24 +4982,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3217 msgid "theconversation.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees " "to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224 msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3234 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -4964,7 +5010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3240 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -4974,7 +5020,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3258 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -4995,7 +5041,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3269 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5010,7 +5056,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3246 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3280 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5024,7 +5070,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -5036,7 +5082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3302 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5052,7 +5098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3313 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -5066,7 +5112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3320 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown " @@ -5076,7 +5122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5087,7 +5133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3337 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5099,7 +5145,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5110,7 +5156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3350 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -5120,7 +5166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3358 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5132,7 +5178,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3364 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5142,7 +5188,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5150,7 +5196,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374 msgid "" "With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " "represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " @@ -5160,49 +5206,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4451 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5732 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409 msgid "Web link" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378 msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380 msgid "## Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385 msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, " "selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390 msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3399 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " "not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " @@ -5213,7 +5259,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3403 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5221,7 +5267,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3412 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5233,7 +5279,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3416 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5241,7 +5287,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3431 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5259,7 +5305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3442 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -5274,7 +5320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3450 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5286,7 +5332,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3424 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3458 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5298,7 +5344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3435 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3469 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -5312,7 +5358,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3475 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5322,7 +5368,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3482 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -5332,7 +5378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3495 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " @@ -5348,7 +5394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3508 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5364,7 +5410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5380,7 +5426,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3529 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" @@ -5392,7 +5438,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3538 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -5405,7 +5451,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3547 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5418,7 +5464,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3556 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -5431,7 +5477,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3562 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -5441,17 +5487,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3564 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566 msgid "## Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -5459,27 +5505,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3573 msgid "figshare.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3575 msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3577 msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3579 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3590 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -5492,7 +5538,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -5500,7 +5546,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3602 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -5511,7 +5557,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3608 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -5520,7 +5566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -5528,7 +5574,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3619 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -5539,7 +5585,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -5549,7 +5595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -5558,7 +5604,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -5568,7 +5614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3643 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -5577,7 +5623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -5590,7 +5636,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3661 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -5602,7 +5648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3639 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3673 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -5618,7 +5664,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3681 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -5630,7 +5676,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3689 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -5642,7 +5688,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -5656,7 +5702,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -5668,7 +5714,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3681 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -5679,7 +5725,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3724 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -5692,7 +5738,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3734 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -5705,7 +5751,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -5718,7 +5764,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3751 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -5728,7 +5774,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3763 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -5743,60 +5789,60 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769 msgid "" "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK" "\\_universities/1186832" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769 msgid "" "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?" "year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769 msgid "figshare.com/features" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3771 msgid "## Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3775 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3777 msgid "figure.nz" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780 msgid "" "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782 msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3784 msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace " @@ -5816,7 +5862,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3812 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -5829,7 +5875,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3824 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -5844,7 +5890,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3839 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -5862,7 +5908,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3853 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -5879,7 +5925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -5894,7 +5940,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3881 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -5914,7 +5960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -5923,7 +5969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -5940,7 +5986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -5955,7 +6001,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3916 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -5965,7 +6011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, " "directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. " @@ -5973,7 +6019,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -5982,7 +6028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3901 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3935 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -5996,7 +6042,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3944 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6008,7 +6054,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3956 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6023,7 +6069,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3930 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3964 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -6034,7 +6080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3968 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6042,7 +6088,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3972 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6050,7 +6096,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6063,7 +6109,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3954 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6072,7 +6118,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3996 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " "what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -6083,7 +6129,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4003 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6093,35 +6139,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3976 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 msgid "" "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3976 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 msgid "" "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-" "government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3976 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 msgid "figure.nz/business/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3976 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 msgid "figure.nz/patrons/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4012 msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4016 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6129,27 +6175,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4018 msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4020 msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022 msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024 msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4040 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6166,7 +6212,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6175,7 +6221,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6184,7 +6230,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4064 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6202,7 +6248,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4071 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -6213,7 +6259,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4078 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6224,7 +6270,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4085 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -6234,7 +6280,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4094 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6247,35 +6293,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6284,7 +6330,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6292,7 +6338,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6300,7 +6346,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4089 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4123 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6312,7 +6358,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC " @@ -6325,7 +6371,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4142 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6338,7 +6384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6354,7 +6400,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6362,7 +6408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6374,7 +6420,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4172 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6382,7 +6428,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4176 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6390,7 +6436,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4184 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. " @@ -6402,7 +6448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4193 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -6414,7 +6460,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4202 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -6426,7 +6472,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4209 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many " "of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -6436,7 +6482,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -6450,14 +6496,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4231 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -6470,7 +6516,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4240 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -6483,64 +6529,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248 msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248 msgid "www.oapen.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248 msgid "www.hathitrust.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248 msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248 msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4250 msgid "## Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255 msgid "lumenlearning.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4257 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4259 msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261 msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4283 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " @@ -6563,7 +6609,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4292 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -6575,7 +6621,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4300 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -6586,7 +6632,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -6596,7 +6642,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4318 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -6611,33 +6657,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4333 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -6647,7 +6693,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4305 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4339 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -6657,7 +6703,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4311 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4345 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -6666,7 +6712,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4352 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -6677,7 +6723,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4367 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -6695,7 +6741,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4376 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -6708,7 +6754,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4386 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. " "The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from " @@ -6721,7 +6767,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -6731,7 +6777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -6744,7 +6790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4409 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -6754,7 +6800,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4420 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -6768,7 +6814,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4428 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -6780,7 +6826,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4437 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -6792,7 +6838,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4444 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -6803,7 +6849,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -6816,7 +6862,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -6827,7 +6873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -6836,7 +6882,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4475 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -6849,7 +6895,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4483 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -6861,34 +6907,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487 msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4489 msgid "## Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " "A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460 -msgid "jonathanmann.net and" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4462 -msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494 +msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4498 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements " @@ -6896,12 +6937,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500 msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " "every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " @@ -6914,7 +6955,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4489 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -6927,7 +6968,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " "is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " @@ -6936,7 +6977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4534 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -6948,7 +6989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4548 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -6965,7 +7006,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -6976,7 +7017,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " "to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " @@ -6987,7 +7028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -6997,7 +7038,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4577 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -7009,7 +7050,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4583 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -7019,7 +7060,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4591 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " @@ -7031,7 +7072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " @@ -7044,7 +7085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4615 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7060,7 +7101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7069,7 +7110,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -7083,7 +7124,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -7094,7 +7135,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4644 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7104,7 +7145,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He " "is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his " @@ -7114,7 +7155,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4655 msgid "" "“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " "person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " @@ -7122,12 +7163,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4657 msgid "## Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7135,27 +7176,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4663 msgid "thenounproject.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4665 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4667 msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669 msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7163,7 +7204,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7174,7 +7215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7184,7 +7225,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7194,7 +7235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4703 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7206,7 +7247,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4677 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -7216,7 +7257,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4717 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -7227,7 +7268,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7236,7 +7277,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4734 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7251,7 +7292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4743 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7263,7 +7304,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4749 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7273,7 +7314,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4761 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added " @@ -7289,7 +7330,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4772 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7304,7 +7345,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4776 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -7312,7 +7353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7325,7 +7366,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because " @@ -7333,7 +7374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7342,7 +7383,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4776 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4808 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use " "Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7357,7 +7398,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4814 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7367,7 +7408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819 msgid "" "For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " "is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " @@ -7375,7 +7416,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4794 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7386,7 +7427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4799 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -7395,7 +7436,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4807 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4839 msgid "" "Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " "around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " @@ -7407,7 +7448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -7416,7 +7457,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project " @@ -7428,7 +7469,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -7440,29 +7481,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866 msgid "" "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-" "visual-sy/description" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866 msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866 msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4868 msgid "## Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4872 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -7470,29 +7511,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4874 msgid "theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, " "donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879 msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881 msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4891 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -7504,7 +7545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4901 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -7518,7 +7559,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -7528,29 +7569,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914 msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4890 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -7561,7 +7602,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -7571,7 +7612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4934 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -7581,7 +7622,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -7591,14 +7632,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -7613,7 +7654,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4967 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -7628,7 +7669,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4975 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -7639,7 +7680,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -7649,7 +7690,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -7660,13 +7701,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -7674,7 +7715,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -7684,7 +7725,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -7693,7 +7734,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5015 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " @@ -7704,7 +7745,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5025 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -7717,7 +7758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5029 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -7725,7 +7766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5037 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -7736,7 +7777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5043 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -7746,7 +7787,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -7755,7 +7796,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -7764,7 +7805,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -7783,7 +7824,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5073 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -7791,7 +7832,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -7800,68 +7841,68 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5062 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 msgid "" "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-" "business-plan-may-release.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5062 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 msgid "directory.theodi.org/members" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5062 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 msgid "" "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5062 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 msgid "certificates.theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5062 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096 msgid "## OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5100 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -7869,28 +7910,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102 msgid "www.opendesk.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5072 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7023 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106 msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108 msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5083 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -7899,7 +7940,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5130 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -7917,7 +7958,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -7926,7 +7967,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5114 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5146 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -7939,7 +7980,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5152 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -7949,7 +7990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5156 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -7957,7 +7998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5130 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -7967,7 +8008,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -7976,7 +8017,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -7985,7 +8026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5181 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -7997,7 +8038,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5189 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -8009,7 +8050,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8017,14 +8058,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8032,14 +8073,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8047,7 +8088,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -8056,14 +8097,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8072,17 +8113,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5220 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8095,34 +8136,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick " "and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8130,7 +8171,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8140,7 +8181,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8151,7 +8192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5231 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " "“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " @@ -8161,7 +8202,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5269 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8171,7 +8212,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5277 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " @@ -8183,7 +8224,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5283 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8193,29 +8234,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5259 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5259 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8223,28 +8264,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5281 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5313 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8256,7 +8297,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5319 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8266,7 +8307,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -8274,32 +8315,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 msgid "openmaking.is" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333 msgid "## OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5337 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -8307,29 +8348,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5339 msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for " "physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344 msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346 msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5359 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -8343,7 +8384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8356,7 +8397,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8370,7 +8411,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5387 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -8382,7 +8423,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5395 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8393,7 +8434,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -8403,7 +8444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -8412,7 +8453,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -8421,7 +8462,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -8430,7 +8471,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5426 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -8443,7 +8484,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5435 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -8455,7 +8496,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5443 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -8467,7 +8508,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5453 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -8480,7 +8521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5459 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -8490,7 +8531,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5468 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -8502,7 +8543,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5479 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -8517,7 +8558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " "Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " @@ -8528,7 +8569,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5497 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -8542,7 +8583,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5512 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -8561,7 +8602,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5489 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -8573,7 +8614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5529 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " "It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " @@ -8584,7 +8625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5538 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -8596,34 +8637,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550 msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -8632,7 +8673,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -8641,7 +8682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5561 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -8651,7 +8692,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -8664,33 +8705,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576 msgid "" "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576 msgid "openstax.org/adopters" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578 msgid "## Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582 msgid "amandapalmer.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5586 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, " "charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person " @@ -8698,12 +8739,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5588 msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " @@ -8711,7 +8752,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5600 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " @@ -8720,7 +8761,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -8731,7 +8772,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5619 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -8746,7 +8787,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " @@ -8758,7 +8799,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5638 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -8771,7 +8812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5648 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -8784,7 +8825,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -8803,7 +8844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -8813,7 +8854,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -8824,7 +8865,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5688 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -8837,7 +8878,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5697 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -8849,7 +8890,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704 msgid "" "“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " "and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " @@ -8860,7 +8901,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -8872,7 +8913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -8884,7 +8925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727 msgid "" "“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " "they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " @@ -8894,7 +8935,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5735 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " @@ -8906,7 +8947,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5746 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -8921,7 +8962,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5754 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " @@ -8932,7 +8973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5762 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -8944,7 +8985,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5766 msgid "" "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-" "uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/" @@ -8952,12 +8993,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5736 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5768 msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5772 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -8965,29 +9006,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5774 msgid "plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be " "featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779 msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781 msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9003,7 +9044,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5805 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9017,7 +9058,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9031,7 +9072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5825 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9045,7 +9086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5836 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9059,7 +9100,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5844 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -9071,7 +9112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9079,7 +9120,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5864 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9097,7 +9138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -9108,7 +9149,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5875 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9116,7 +9157,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5883 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9127,7 +9168,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9136,7 +9177,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5896 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9147,7 +9188,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9157,7 +9198,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5924 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9181,7 +9222,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5928 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9189,7 +9230,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5901 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9198,7 +9239,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5943 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9212,7 +9253,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9221,7 +9262,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5963 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9240,7 +9281,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9252,7 +9293,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5983 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9267,7 +9308,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9279,7 +9320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6000 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9291,7 +9332,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6004 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9299,57 +9340,53 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009 msgid "collections.plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009 msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011 msgid "## Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020 msgid "" -"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version" +"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version " +"(museum admission), selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5989 -msgid "(museum admission), selling merchandise" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6022 msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025 msgid "" "Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information " "department" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6041 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9366,7 +9403,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6053 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9382,7 +9419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9393,7 +9430,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to " @@ -9409,7 +9446,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6084 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -9423,7 +9460,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6096 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -9438,7 +9475,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -9451,7 +9488,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6088 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6119 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -9467,7 +9504,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6095 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -9478,7 +9515,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6138 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -9493,7 +9530,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6114 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6145 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -9504,7 +9541,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6154 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -9517,7 +9554,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -9526,7 +9563,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -9539,7 +9576,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -9552,7 +9589,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6192 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make " @@ -9569,7 +9606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6196 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -9577,7 +9614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6203 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -9588,7 +9625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6214 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -9603,7 +9640,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6231 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up " "with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people " @@ -9623,22 +9660,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 msgid "" "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/" "en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-" @@ -9646,47 +9683,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 msgid "" "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/" "creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243 msgid "## Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248 msgid "www.shareable.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253 msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6224 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6255 msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -9699,7 +9736,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -9712,7 +9749,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6252 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6283 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -9723,7 +9760,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6292 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -9736,7 +9773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -9749,7 +9786,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6311 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " @@ -9762,7 +9799,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " @@ -9778,7 +9815,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6335 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -9793,7 +9830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -9805,7 +9842,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6317 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -9814,7 +9851,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -9826,7 +9863,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6335 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This " "is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We " @@ -9840,7 +9877,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -9852,7 +9889,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -9862,7 +9899,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6364 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6395 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -9880,7 +9917,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-" @@ -9889,12 +9926,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6402 msgid "## Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -9902,27 +9939,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408 msgid "www.siyavula.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412 msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -9932,7 +9969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -9941,7 +9978,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6434 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -9951,7 +9988,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -9962,7 +9999,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -9972,7 +10009,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -9981,7 +10018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -9992,7 +10029,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6469 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10002,7 +10039,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6482 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. " @@ -10018,7 +10055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10029,7 +10066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10038,7 +10075,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6503 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried " "creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10049,7 +10086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6479 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6510 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10059,7 +10096,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10070,7 +10107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10084,7 +10121,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10093,7 +10130,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10104,7 +10141,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10115,7 +10152,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6557 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10126,7 +10163,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10135,7 +10172,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6569 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10146,7 +10183,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10159,7 +10196,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10170,7 +10207,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6593 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10180,7 +10217,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6599 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10190,7 +10227,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10202,7 +10239,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10213,7 +10250,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6623 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10226,7 +10263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10238,7 +10275,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6638 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10248,7 +10285,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6647 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10261,7 +10298,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -10270,7 +10307,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. " "These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over " @@ -10280,7 +10317,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -10296,59 +10333,59 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679 msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679 msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679 msgid "cnx.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679 msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6650 -msgid "## Sparkfun" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6681 +msgid "## SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686 msgid "www.sparkfun.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6690 msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692 msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10358,7 +10395,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705 msgid "" "“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. " "“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never " @@ -10367,7 +10404,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10378,7 +10415,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " "natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " @@ -10389,7 +10426,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6725 msgid "" "“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " "with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. " @@ -10397,7 +10434,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " @@ -10409,7 +10446,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -10421,7 +10458,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6750 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -10434,7 +10471,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6757 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -10445,7 +10482,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6764 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -10456,7 +10493,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -10466,7 +10503,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6775 msgid "" "“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " @@ -10474,7 +10511,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6784 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -10487,7 +10524,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6793 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -10499,7 +10536,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6804 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -10514,7 +10551,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -10526,7 +10563,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6818 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -10536,7 +10573,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6797 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -10549,7 +10586,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -10561,7 +10598,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -10572,7 +10609,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6856 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -10587,39 +10624,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6858 msgid "## TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6831 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6833 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864 msgid "teachaids.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866 msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868 msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870 msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -10628,7 +10665,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -10643,7 +10680,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6906 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -10664,7 +10701,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -10678,7 +10715,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6920 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -10686,7 +10723,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6933 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -10702,7 +10739,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6940 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -10713,7 +10750,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6947 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -10724,7 +10761,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6960 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -10740,7 +10777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6974 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -10757,7 +10794,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6991 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -10777,7 +10814,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7002 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -10792,7 +10829,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -10805,7 +10842,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -10817,7 +10854,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7030 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " @@ -10832,7 +10869,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7006 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -10843,7 +10880,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7044 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " @@ -10854,12 +10891,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7046 msgid "## Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7050 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -10867,22 +10904,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056 msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058 msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -10893,7 +10930,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -10905,7 +10942,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -10917,7 +10954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -10927,7 +10964,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7097 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -10937,7 +10974,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -10949,7 +10986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -10970,7 +11007,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7103 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7134 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -10985,7 +11022,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7141 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -10995,7 +11032,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7150 msgid "" "A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, " "are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11008,7 +11045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7159 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -11020,7 +11057,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7137 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7168 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -11033,7 +11070,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7175 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -11043,7 +11080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11052,7 +11089,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7187 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -11062,7 +11099,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7196 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11075,7 +11112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11086,7 +11123,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7215 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11100,7 +11137,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11118,7 +11155,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11131,56 +11168,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244 msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246 msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251 msgid "wikimediafoundation.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7253 msgid "Revenue model: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7224 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7255 msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258 msgid "" "Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and " "Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7231 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7262 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -11190,7 +11227,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -11198,7 +11235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7284 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11214,7 +11251,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " @@ -11223,7 +11260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7296 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11234,7 +11271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11248,7 +11285,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7326 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -11271,7 +11308,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7339 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -11287,7 +11324,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11301,7 +11338,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7335 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11320,7 +11357,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11332,7 +11369,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7383 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -11344,7 +11381,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -11356,7 +11393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7365 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11365,7 +11402,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -11374,7 +11411,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " @@ -11383,17 +11420,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411 msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7413 msgid "## Bibliography" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7387 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -11401,33 +11438,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7422 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7424 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler." @@ -11435,7 +11472,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-" @@ -11443,7 +11480,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -11452,14 +11489,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -11470,54 +11507,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467 msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7471 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -11528,7 +11565,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -11536,21 +11573,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " "at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-" @@ -11558,7 +11595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7471 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -11567,21 +11604,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" "Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7481 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " "Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/" @@ -11589,21 +11626,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7519 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -11611,124 +11648,124 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: " "Viking, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553 msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7525 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565 msgid "" "Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " "BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -11736,7 +11773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer." @@ -11744,7 +11781,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -11752,14 +11789,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -11769,7 +11806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The" @@ -11777,7 +11814,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -11786,7 +11823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -11794,7 +11831,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -11802,74 +11839,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7593 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -11877,21 +11914,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -11901,7 +11938,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/" @@ -11909,26 +11946,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web." "mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669 msgid "## Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -11938,7 +11975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7679 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -11946,7 +11983,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7685 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -11956,7 +11993,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7659 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -11965,7 +12002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7737 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12014,7 +12051,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8059 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8090 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " @@ -12349,6 +12386,15 @@ msgid "" "ZeMarmot Open Movie" msgstr "" +#~ msgid "Made with Creative Commons" +#~ msgstr "Gemaakt met Creative Commons" + +#~ msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" +#~ msgstr "Paul Stacey en Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" + +#~ msgid "- David Foster Wallace" +#~ msgstr "- David Foster Wallace" + #~ msgid "Made" #~ msgstr "Gemaakt"