X-Git-Url: http://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-madewithcc.git/blobdiff_plain/106bcd2048b67ae0900ee883aa67243cadd6a1b8..0462f4e2a0773ff3aa51bed3f85fc52642c96d1d:/po/de/mwcc.po diff --git a/po/de/mwcc.po b/po/de/mwcc.po index aa392e4..4b2c239 100644 --- a/po/de/mwcc.po +++ b/po/de/mwcc.po @@ -6,143 +6,135 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-24 12:32-0500\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-11-15 14:46+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Morten R \n" -"Language-Team: German " -"\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-06 08:32+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-01-24 12:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Franz Wagner \n" +"Language-Team: German \n" "Language: de\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n" -"X-Generator: Weblate 2.18-dev\n" +"X-Generator: Weblate 2.19-dev\n" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2 -msgid "Made with Creative Commons" -msgstr "Gemacht mit Creative Commons" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4 -msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" -msgstr "Paul Stacey und Sarah Hichliff Pearson" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3 +#, fuzzy +msgid "% Made with Creative Commons % Paul Stacey;Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" +msgstr "von Paul Stacey & Sarah Hichliff Pearson" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5 msgid "Made With Creative Commons" msgstr "Gemacht Mit Creative Commons" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7 msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "von Paul Stacey & Sarah Hichliff Pearson" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:9 msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons." msgstr "© 2017 von Creative Commons." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:12 msgid "" -"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC " -"BY-SA), version 4.0." +"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-" +"SA), version 4.0." msgstr "" -"Veröffentlicht unter einer Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike-Lizenz (" -"CC BY-SA), Version 4.0." +"Veröffentlicht unter einer Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike-Lizenz " +"(CC BY-SA), Version 4.0." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:15 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:14 msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3" msgstr "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:17 -#, fuzzy +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:16 msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk" -msgstr "Cover- und Interiordesign von Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.de" +msgstr "Cover- und Innendesign von Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19 -#, fuzzy +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:18 msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma" -msgstr "Inhalt überarbeitet durch Grace Yaginuma" +msgstr "Inhalt überarbeitet von Grace Yaginuma" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:20 msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com" msgstr "Illustrationen von Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:22 msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc" msgstr "Herunterladbares e-Book erhältlich auf madewith.cc" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:24 msgid "Publisher:" msgstr "Herausgeber:" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:26 msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books" msgstr "Strg+Alt+Entf-Bücher" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:28 msgid "Husumgade 10, 5." msgstr "Husumgade 10, 5." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:30 msgid "2200 Copenhagen N" msgstr "2200 Copenhagen N" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33 -#, fuzzy +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:32 msgid "Denmark" -msgstr "Denmark" +msgstr "Dänemark" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:34 msgid "www.cadb.dk" msgstr "www.cadb.dk" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:36 msgid "hey@cadb.dk" msgstr "hey@cadb.dk" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:38 msgid "Printer:" msgstr "Drucker:" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:40 msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:42 msgid "88-100 Inowrocław," msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:44 msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12," msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:46 msgid "Poland" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Polen" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:55 -#, fuzzy +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:54 msgid "" "This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can " "copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any " @@ -153,7 +145,7 @@ msgid "" "creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" msgstr "" "Dieses Buch erscheint unter einer CC-BY-SA-Lizenz. Das bedeutet, Sie können " -"es für jeden einschließlich komerziellen Zweck kopieren, weiterverbreiten, " +"es für jeden, einschließlich komerziellen Zweck kopieren, weiterverbreiten, " "neuzusammensetzen, verwandeln und auf dem Werk aufbauen, solange Sie " "entsprechend den Urheber nennen, einen Link zur Lizenz zur Verfügung stellen " "und angeben, ob Änderungen vorgenommen wurden. Wenn Sie das Werk " @@ -162,7 +154,7 @@ msgstr "" "Lizenzdetails: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:59 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:58 msgid "" "Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative " "Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com " @@ -173,15 +165,15 @@ msgstr "" "Plattform Kickstarter.com veröffentlicht." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:69 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " -"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " -"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " -"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " -"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily " -"lives.”" +"> “I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . > The way that " +"I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do > is. . . essays " +"like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably > bright but also " +"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at > far more length " +"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have > a chance to in our " +"daily lives.” > > > > — *David Foster Wallace*" msgstr "" "„Ich weiß nicht viel über Sachbuch-Journalismus... Die Weise, mit der ich " "über diese Themen denke und insbesondere in Bezug darauf, was ich tun kann, " @@ -191,17 +183,12 @@ msgstr "" "meisten von uns es in unserem Alltag tun könnten.“" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:70 -msgid "- David Foster Wallace" -msgstr "- David Foster Wallace" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:71 msgid "## Foreword" msgstr "## Vorwort" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:80 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:79 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " @@ -221,7 +208,7 @@ msgstr "" "unter CC eine „falsche Fährte“." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:85 #, fuzzy msgid "" "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " @@ -238,7 +225,7 @@ msgstr "" "Gesellschaft und kein Selbstzweck.“" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:91 msgid "" "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s " "words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts " @@ -248,7 +235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:99 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:98 msgid "" "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost " "nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your " @@ -259,7 +246,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:104 msgid "" "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to " "create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards " @@ -268,7 +255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:112 msgid "" "Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by " "collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the " @@ -279,7 +266,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:120 msgid "" "Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation " "overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of " @@ -291,7 +278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:130 msgid "" "Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of " "people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past " @@ -299,13 +286,12 @@ msgid "" "so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, " "she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her " "sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative Commons to focus on our " -"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, " -"detail-oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating " -"more." +"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-" +"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:139 msgid "" "As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They " "researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and " @@ -318,17 +304,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:145 msgid "" "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles " "and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, " -"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC " -"BY-SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in " +"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC BY-" +"SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in " "itself, an example of an open business model." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:152 msgid "" "For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a " "Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The " @@ -339,7 +325,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:161 msgid "" "Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, " "drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged " @@ -351,7 +337,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:166 msgid "" "Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are " "part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a " @@ -359,7 +345,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:173 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I " "reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer " @@ -370,7 +356,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:185 msgid "" "Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " "community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " @@ -386,7 +372,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:194 msgid "" "This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a " "roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social " @@ -398,7 +384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:202 msgid "" "In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder " "Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They " @@ -410,7 +396,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:208 msgid "" "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for " "the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to " @@ -420,36 +406,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:210 msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:212 #, no-wrap msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:214 #, no-wrap msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:216 msgid "## Introduction" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:219 msgid "" "This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a " "twist." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:229 msgid "" "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and " "businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work " @@ -463,25 +449,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:236 msgid "" "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this " "project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, " -"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral " -"way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and " -"wrote up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the " -"literature." +"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral way—" +"what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote " +"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:239 msgid "" "But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way " "of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:245 msgid "" "Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and " "seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing " @@ -491,17 +476,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:251 msgid "" "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " -"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something " -"different. Something that generates not just economic value but social and " -"cultural value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with " -"Creative Commons is not “business as usual.”" +"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " +"Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " +"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " +"Commons is not “business as usual.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:259 msgid "" "We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen " "overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in " @@ -512,7 +497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:268 msgid "" "Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of " "understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other " @@ -524,26 +509,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:273 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:272 msgid "" "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section " -"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main " -"parts." +"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279 msgid "" -"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by " -"Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, " -"describing the three ways society has managed resources and shared " -"wealth—the commons, the market, and the state. He advocates for thinking " -"beyond business and market terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing " -"and enlarging the digital commons." +"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. " +"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the " +"three ways society has managed resources and shared wealth—the commons, the " +"market, and the state. He advocates for thinking beyond business and market " +"terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital " +"commons." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:288 msgid "" "The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means " "to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one " @@ -551,12 +535,11 @@ msgid "" "of human connections that make sharing truly meaningful. This section " "outlines the ways the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed " "bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their " -"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they " -"share." +"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:294 msgid "" "And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different " "Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more " @@ -565,7 +548,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:299 msgid "" "Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, " "businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated " @@ -573,7 +556,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:303 msgid "" "Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative " "Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, " @@ -581,7 +564,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:309 msgid "" "Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at " "and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has " @@ -591,39 +574,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:311 #, no-wrap msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314 msgid "# The Big Picture" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316 msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318 msgid "Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the " -"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the " -"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the " -"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the " -"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are " -"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1" +"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. " +"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of " +"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are " +"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such " +"as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:335 msgid "" "In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital " "commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad " @@ -636,27 +619,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:346 msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " "common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.2 The creators, " -"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with " -"commoning. Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social " -"practice of commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a " -"community of users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that " -"balance the costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the " -"community. Special regard is given to equitable access, use, and " -"sustainability." +"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with commoning. " +"Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social practice of " +"commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a community of " +"users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that balance the " +"costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the community. Special " +"regard is given to equitable access, use, and sustainability." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348 msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:353 msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " @@ -665,7 +647,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:361 msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " @@ -677,14 +659,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:364 msgid "" "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " "engagement with commons, state, and market." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:373 msgid "" "Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with " "little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies " @@ -697,7 +679,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:381 msgid "" "All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and " "sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate " @@ -708,7 +690,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:387 msgid "" "The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of " "the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and " @@ -717,14 +699,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:390 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png){width=\"6.5in\" " "height=\"3.5417in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:398 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -736,12 +718,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400 msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:408 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework " @@ -753,7 +735,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:414 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -763,28 +745,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:417 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " "height=\"6.5in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419 msgid "#### Characteristics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:424 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " -"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human " -"produced. And—significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or " -"digital, which affects a resource’s inherent potential." +"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" +"significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, " +"which affects a resource’s inherent potential." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:433 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -796,7 +778,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:441 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -808,18 +790,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:448 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " "different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not " -"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially " -"scarce. Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and " -"abundant." +"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. " +"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:457 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -831,7 +812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:465 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as " @@ -843,12 +824,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467 msgid "#### People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:471 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -856,7 +837,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:479 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -867,7 +848,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:486 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -878,7 +859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:500 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can " @@ -895,19 +876,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " "height=\"4.2362in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505 msgid "#### Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -915,7 +896,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:516 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -925,7 +906,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -933,7 +914,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -943,12 +924,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529 msgid "#### Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -957,7 +938,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What " "we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the " @@ -967,7 +948,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -978,7 +959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -989,7 +970,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:560 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -998,12 +979,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562 msgid "### A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:569 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1014,17 +995,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:575 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " -"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the " -"commons. The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of " -"the commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its " +"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " +"The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of the " +"commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its " "history." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:584 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1036,14 +1017,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:587 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " "height=\"3.389in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:595 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) " "taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of " @@ -1054,72 +1035,72 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:607 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " -"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to " -"cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources " -"became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies " -"evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money " -"operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws " -"were revised by governments to support markets, growth, and " -"productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a " -"rising standard of living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how " -"today the market is the primary means by which resources are managed." +"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " +"With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became " +"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved " +"into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating " +"the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were " +"revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over " +"time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of " +"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is " +"the primary means by which resources are managed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " "height=\"3.389in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:614 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:623 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " "Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " "everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to " "do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then " -"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support " -"anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a " +"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. " +"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a " "justification for private property and free markets." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:640 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " -"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " -"work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work " -"studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that " -"natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities " -"without any regulation by central authorities or without " -"privatization. Government and privatization are not the only two " -"choices. There is a third way: management by the people, where those that " -"are directly impacted are directly involved. With natural resources, there " -"is a regional locality. The people in the region are the most familiar with " -"the natural resource, have the most direct relationship and history with it, " -"and are therefore best situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the " -"governance of natural resources broke with convention; she recognized the " -"importance of the commons as an alternative to the market or state for " -"solving problems of collective action.14" +"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. " +"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying " +"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural " +"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without " +"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government " +"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: " +"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are " +"directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The " +"people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have " +"the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best " +"situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the governance of natural " +"resources broke with convention; she recognized the importance of the " +"commons as an alternative to the market or state for solving problems of " +"collective action.14" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:650 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " -"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure " -"self-interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom " +"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" +"interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom " "found, in reality, managing common resources together forms a community and " "encourages discourse. This naturally generates norms and rules that help " "people work collectively and ensure a sustainable commons. Paradoxically, " @@ -1128,7 +1109,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:660 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1141,7 +1122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:665 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1150,19 +1131,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:668 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png){width=\"6.5in\" " "height=\"3.389in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670 msgid "### The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:674 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1170,12 +1151,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1183,24 +1164,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682 msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:685 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:698 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1216,7 +1197,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:707 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1229,7 +1210,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:718 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1237,14 +1218,14 @@ msgid "" "participation in producing creative works and distributing them. Photos, " "books, music, and many other forms of digital content could now be readily " "created and distributed by almost anyone. Despite this potential for " -"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright " -"laws. Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by " -"law others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s " +"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright laws. " +"Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by law " +"others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s " "permission." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:724 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1254,12 +1235,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726 msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:733 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1270,12 +1251,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:747 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " -"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by " -"lawyers. This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and " -"users are not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the " +"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " +"This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and users are " +"not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the " "permissions in plain language, which regular people can read and quickly " "understand. It acts as a user-friendly interface to the legal-code layer " "beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the " @@ -1287,7 +1268,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:754 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People " @@ -1297,7 +1278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1308,21 +1289,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " "committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, " "participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social " -"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative " -"works. The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant " -"benefits compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange " -"in a commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source " +"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. " +"The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant benefits " +"compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange in a " +"commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source " "software movement." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:778 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1332,26 +1313,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:788 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " "platform for governments to become more open, accountable, and responsive to " "citizens. Since then, it has grown from eight participating countries to " "seventy.22 In all these countries, government and civil society are working " -"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government " -"reforms. Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure " -"works funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid " -"for them." +"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government reforms. " +"Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure works " +"funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid for " +"them." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790 msgid "### The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:802 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1366,7 +1347,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:808 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1376,7 +1357,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:816 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1388,7 +1369,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:833 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1408,20 +1389,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:843 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " "function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where " -"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. " -"Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly " -"increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital " -"technologies are getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything " -"built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29" +"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-" +"processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but " +"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are " +"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these " +"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:854 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1431,12 +1412,12 @@ msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses are used to put digital content out in the " "commons, taking advantage of the unique economics associated with being " "digital. The aim is to see digital resources used as widely and by as many " -"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common " -"goal. They aim for abundance over scarcity." +"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. " +"They aim for abundance over scarcity." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:861 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1447,7 +1428,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:867 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1456,22 +1437,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " "benefit stockholders. But new forms of business are emerging. There are " "benefit corporations and social enterprises, which broaden their business " "goals from making a profit to making a positive impact on society, workers, " -"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, " -"worker-owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational " -"forms offer alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these " -"alternative market entities are changing the rules and norms of the " -"market.32" +"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, worker-" +"owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational forms offer " +"alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these alternative " +"market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:885 msgid "" "“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " "Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " @@ -1481,7 +1461,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:894 msgid "" "It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " "as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for " @@ -1494,42 +1474,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:905 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " -"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the " -"commons-to-market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a " -"business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and " -"commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or " -"depicting what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with " -"Creative Commons use business speak; for some the process has been " -"experimental, emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a " -"predefined model." +"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-" +"market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business " +"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons " +"values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting " +"what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative " +"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, " +"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:916 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " "widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but " -"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, patrons " -". . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn revenue " -"available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to Bring In " -"Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and each " -"endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more than one " -"way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to " -"sustainability." +"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, " +"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn " +"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to " +"Bring In Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and " +"each endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more " +"than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple " +"paths to sustainability." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918 msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:923 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1538,7 +1517,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:930 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1548,21 +1527,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:941 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " -"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before " -"access. The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front " -"without payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no " -"use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM " -"frees them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to " -"engage in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way " -"the commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and " -"promotes inclusiveness, equity, and fairness." +"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " +"The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without " +"payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of " +"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees " +"them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage " +"in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the " +"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes " +"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:952 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1576,7 +1555,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:964 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1591,7 +1570,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:974 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -1605,7 +1584,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:986 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1620,7 +1599,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1637,7 +1616,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1004 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1646,12 +1625,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006 msgid "### Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1015 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, " @@ -1664,7 +1643,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1021 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -1674,7 +1653,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1029 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -1686,7 +1665,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -1696,7 +1675,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1041 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -1705,7 +1684,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -1713,14 +1692,14 @@ msgid "" "we heard in our interviews how success and sustainability are tied to a set " "of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more " "than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are " -"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are " -"monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. " -"Develop trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be " -"transparent. Defend the commons." +"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. " +"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; " +"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the " +"commons." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1059 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -1731,7 +1710,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1066 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -1742,62 +1721,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268 msgid "### Notes" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 -msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 +msgid "" +"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "" "Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, " -"eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg " -"(New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." +"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " +"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New " +"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 msgid "" "Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing " "Knowledge Commons, 59." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168 #, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n" @@ -1847,8 +1828,7 @@ msgid "" " the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n" " LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n" " City of Bologna, 2014),\n" -" " -"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n" +" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n" "27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n" " Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n" "28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n" @@ -1873,34 +1853,31 @@ msgid "" " strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n" "35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n" " coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at\n" -" " -"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n" +" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n" " You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n" " Questions at\n" -" " -"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n" +" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n" "36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n" " post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n" " Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at\n" -" " -"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n" +" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n" "37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n" " and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n" " Press, 2006), 31–44.\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1186 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -1913,12 +1890,11 @@ msgid "" "others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative " "work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these " "endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a " -"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of " -"it." +"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1195 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -1930,7 +1906,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -1938,19 +1914,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1207 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " "were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want " -"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could " -"replicate. What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to " -"write a book about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business " -"lens." +"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. " +"What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book " +"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1215 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " @@ -1962,7 +1937,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1220 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -1971,7 +1946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -1983,7 +1958,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1238 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -1996,7 +1971,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1244 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2006,7 +1981,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2021,7 +1996,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1265 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -2035,7 +2010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1271 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2045,7 +2020,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1282 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -2060,7 +2035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1291 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2072,7 +2047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1299 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2084,7 +2059,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1303 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2092,7 +2067,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1313 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2105,7 +2080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1324 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2119,7 +2094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1334 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 " @@ -2132,7 +2107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1347 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2149,7 +2124,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1358 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. " @@ -2157,14 +2132,14 @@ msgid "" "looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those " "Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot " "different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It " -"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and " -"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really " +"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. " +"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really " "grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going " "day to day.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1364 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2174,7 +2149,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1368 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2182,12 +2157,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370 msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1385 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " @@ -2206,7 +2181,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1398 msgid "" "While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " "analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " @@ -2222,7 +2197,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1411 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2232,14 +2207,14 @@ msgid "" "something that is available at the price of one cent versus the price of " "zero.11 That doesn’t mean it is wrong to charge money for your content. It " "simply means you need to recognize the effect that doing so will have on " -"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the " -"work. If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” " -"prohibiting people from copying your work and sharing it with others is " +"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the work. " +"If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting " +"people from copying your work and sharing it with others is " "counterproductive." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " @@ -2247,7 +2222,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1424 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2260,7 +2235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1431 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -2270,7 +2245,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1439 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2281,16 +2256,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1453 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " "playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your " "work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money " "trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they " -"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing " -"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain " -"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a " +"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-" +"resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain and " +"making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a " "form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared " "online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from " "selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all " @@ -2298,7 +2273,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1461 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -2309,7 +2284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1470 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 " @@ -2322,19 +2297,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1473 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475 msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1485 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2347,17 +2322,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1492 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " -"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are " -"CC-licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This " +"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" +"licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This " "proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to " "their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1504 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -2372,57 +2347,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1512 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " -"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon " -"effect. The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following " -"your work spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because " -"we simply have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because " -"a large following is at least a partial indicator of quality or " -"usefulness.18" +"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " +"The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work " +"spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because we simply " +"have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because a large " +"following is at least a partial indicator of quality or usefulness.18" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514 msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1529 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " -"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the " -"material. CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public " -"domain, does not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities " -"still give credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, " -"it is social norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most " -"often motivate people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the " -"CC license terms anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, " -"within both the marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect " -"a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of " -"circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is " -"particularly the case for something as straightforward and consistent with " -"basic notions of fairness as providing credit." +"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " +"CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public domain, does " +"not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities still give " +"credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, it is social " +"norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate " +"people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms " +"anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the " +"marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect a set of wishes " +"on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people " +"are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case " +"for something as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of " +"fairness as providing credit." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1540 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " "a brand. The drive to associate your name with your work is not just based " "on commercial motivations, it is fundamental to authorship. Knowledge " -"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of " -"CC-licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around " -"the United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons " +"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of CC-" +"licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around the " +"United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons " "license on the works has a huge value to authors because reputation is the " "most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having " "the most people see and cite your work." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1552 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2437,23 +2411,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1560 msgid "" -"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its " -"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to " -"identify the source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing " -"the author of a work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a " -"time when online discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted " -"information source is more valuable than ever." +"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " +"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " +"source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing the author of a " +"work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a time when online " +"discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source " +"is more valuable than ever." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562 msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1569 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2464,7 +2438,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2473,14 +2447,14 @@ msgid "" "most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of " "catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical " "goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more " -"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the " -"radio. Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), " -"free music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version " -"people bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion." +"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. " +"Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free " +"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people " +"bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1596 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2497,12 +2471,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598 msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1603 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2511,21 +2485,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1613 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " "wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, " "transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, " "people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the " -"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than " -"others. With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the " -"content is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the " -"ability to adapt a photo is less important." +"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than others. " +"With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the content " +"is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the ability to " +"adapt a photo is less important." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1625 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " @@ -2540,24 +2514,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " -"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their " -"social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive " -"Surplus, Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence " -"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is " -"part of the event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more " -"deeply tied to your work." +"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" +"media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, " +"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as " +"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the " +"event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied " +"to your work." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635 msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1647 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2572,12 +2546,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649 msgid "### Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1664 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -2594,7 +2568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -2605,7 +2579,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1679 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2616,12 +2590,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681 msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1688 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are " @@ -2632,7 +2606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -2649,7 +2623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -2662,7 +2636,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1718 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -2673,7 +2647,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -2682,19 +2656,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728 msgid "" -"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * " -"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work *\\[MARKET-BASED" +"\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1737 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -2702,17 +2676,16 @@ msgid "" "(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information " "(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.”34 " "This can be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services " -"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” " -"Mann." +"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740 -msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739 +msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1760 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -2736,28 +2709,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763 -msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762 +msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1770 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " "digital copy on your own. Far from acting as a substitute for face-to-face " -"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the " -"in-person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view " +"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the in-" +"person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view " "original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773 -msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772 +msgid "#### Selling merchandise *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1777 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -2766,7 +2739,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -2776,17 +2749,17 @@ msgid "" "content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the " "offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a " "traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms.36 " -"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay " -"for—there are other services you can provide as well." +"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—" +"there are other services you can provide as well." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791 -msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790 +msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1801 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -2794,56 +2767,56 @@ msgid "" "audience.37 The Internet has made this model more difficult because the " "number of potential channels available to reach those eyeballs has become " "essentially infinite.38 Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for " -"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative " -"Commons. Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser " -"pays to be an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the " -"overall endeavor." +"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. " +"Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be " +"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall " +"endeavor." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804 -msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803 +msgid "#### Charging your content creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1813 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " -"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by " -"others. The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing " -"charge” of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library " -"of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily " +"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. " +"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” " +"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of " +"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily " "funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have " "their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation " "website." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816 -msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815 +msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1825 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this " -"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through " -"CC-licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue " -"when creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other " -"platforms make money when service providers transact with their customers; " -"for example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a " -"maker to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform." +"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through CC-" +"licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue when " +"creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other platforms " +"make money when service providers transact with their customers; for " +"example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a maker " +"to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828 -msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827 +msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1834 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -2854,12 +2827,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837 -msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836 +msgid "#### Licensing a trademark *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1845 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -2872,12 +2845,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847 msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -2886,7 +2859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1862 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -2900,7 +2873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1868 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -2910,7 +2883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1873 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of " @@ -2919,12 +2892,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875 msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1887 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -2939,40 +2912,40 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889 msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1899 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " -"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open " -"content. Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something " -"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as " -"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are " -"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, " -"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free." +"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. " +"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are " +"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of " +"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally " +"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in " +"situations where we could find a way to get it for free." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901 msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1916 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " "with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could simply " "wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, for this " -"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the " -"work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of " -"her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building " -"her community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art " -"of Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are " +"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the work. " +"They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her " +"crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her " +"community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of " +"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are " "bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " "sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for " "something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, " @@ -2980,23 +2953,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " -"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major " -"U.S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by " +"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." +"S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by " "definition, available to everyone for free. Libraries with bigger budgets " "tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library community and " "to the idea of open access generally." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925 msgid "### Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " @@ -3013,7 +2986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1945 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -3023,7 +2996,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1949 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3031,7 +3004,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1953 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3039,20 +3012,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1962 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " "more than copyright permissions when they explained how sharing fit into " "what they do. I was thinking about sharing too narrowly, and as a result, I " -"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative " -"Commons. Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright " -"license in the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of " -"what comes with sharing. You have to widen the lens." +"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative Commons. " +"Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright license in " +"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes " +"with sharing. You have to widen the lens." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1974 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3067,7 +3040,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1979 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3076,12 +3049,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981 msgid "#### Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1988 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom " @@ -3092,7 +3065,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2000 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3107,38 +3080,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2010 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " -"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with " -"them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone " -"is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are " -"a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the " +"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. " +"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is " +"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a " +"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the " "temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the " "glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful " "way." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2019 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " "States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make " "the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are " -"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In " -"business-speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the " -"public.44 But it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human." +"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-" +"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public.44 But " +"it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021 msgid "#### Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2031 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3151,28 +3124,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2044 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " -"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to " -"lowest-common-denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of " -"ideas that cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple " -"as asking for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions " -"you make, even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is " -"time-consuming. If you don’t go through the effort to actually respond to " -"the input you receive, it can be worse than not inviting input in the first " -"place.48 But when you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity " -"of thought that helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people " -"involved and invested in what you do." +"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" +"denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that " +"cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking " +"for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions you make, " +"even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you " +"don’t go through the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it " +"can be worse than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get " +"it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps " +"endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and invested " +"in what you do." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046 msgid "#### Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2059 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this " @@ -3189,11 +3162,11 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2068 msgid "" -"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a " -"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that " -"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " +"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" +"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume " +"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " "opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better " "than neoclassical economics would predict.”51 When we acknowledge that " "people are often motivated by something other than financial self-interest, " @@ -3202,7 +3175,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2078 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3210,31 +3183,30 @@ msgid "" "Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to " "make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any " "organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and " -"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that " -"people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most " -"often, they do." +"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—" +"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most often, " +"they do." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080 msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2089 msgid "" -"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like " -"fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even " -"if you happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you " -"are better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, " -"too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends " -"him. Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to " -"communicate with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she " -"talks.54" +"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " +"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you " +"happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are " +"better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. " +"Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. " +"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate " +"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she talks.54" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3242,11 +3214,11 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2106 msgid "" -"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in " -"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too " -"easy to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous " +"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " +"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " +"to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous " "customers or free labor.55 Platforms that rely on content from contributors " "are especially at risk of creating an exploitative dynamic. It is important " "to find ways to acknowledge and pay back the value that contributors " @@ -3257,12 +3229,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108 msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2118 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3275,7 +3247,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3288,7 +3260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2133 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3297,25 +3269,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135 msgid "#### Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2145 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " "create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people " "who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs.58 " "To a certain extent, simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically " -"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to " -"like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by " -"using CC." +"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to like-" +"minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by using " +"CC." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2157 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -3330,35 +3302,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2169 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " -"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their " -"own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group " -"(which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), " -"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona " -"fides.”61 Building true community requires giving people within the " -"community the power to create or influence the rules that govern the " -"community.62 If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, " -"people feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to " -"disengagement." +"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. " +"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which " +"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable " +"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”61 Building " +"true community requires giving people within the community the power to " +"create or influence the rules that govern the community.62 If the rules are " +"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a " +"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2173 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175 msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2186 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -3373,7 +3344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2198 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3389,7 +3360,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2206 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3401,12 +3372,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208 msgid "#### Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2220 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to " @@ -3420,7 +3391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -3432,7 +3403,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2246 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -3445,14 +3416,14 @@ msgid "" "than tapping the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they " "invest a significant amount of time and money to develop professional " "content. For individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for " -"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the " -"picture. Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and " -"involvement with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to " -"input was the writing, the music itself.”71" +"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. " +"Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement " +"with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was " +"the writing, the music itself.”71" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2257 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -3461,25 +3432,25 @@ msgid "" "“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in " "your creative work.72 And it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and " "information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) " -"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something " -"plentiful—and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73" +"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—" +"and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2266 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " -"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the " -"project. Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be " -"Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what " -"they do. The goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from " -"thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition " -"them into active participants.75" +"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the project. " +"Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but " +"every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what they do. The " +"goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from thinking of " +"consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition them into " +"active participants.75" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at " @@ -3487,19 +3458,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -3507,33 +3478,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369 #, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n" @@ -3623,12 +3594,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2384 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -3643,36 +3614,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2389 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " -"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses " -"offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed " -"materials." +"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. " +"Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2398 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2405 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -3683,14 +3653,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2408 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -3698,14 +3668,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -3714,14 +3684,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2423 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -3729,14 +3699,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2430 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2435 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -3745,7 +3715,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -3753,78 +3723,78 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2443 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png){width=\"4.1665in\" " -"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png){width=\"4.1665in" +"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png){width=\"4.1665in\" " -"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png){width=\"4.1665in" +"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2462 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " -"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and " -"Attribution-ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with " -"the other licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the " -"public-domain tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both " -"digital content and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the " -"software code and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they " -"amplify their involvement with and commitment to sharing." +"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" +"ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other " +"licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain " +"tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content " +"and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the software code " +"and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they amplify their " +"involvement with and commitment to sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " "their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make " "endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving " "commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a " -"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC " -"BY-SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you " -"apply an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film " -"company to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length " -"film, or prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work." +"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-" +"SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply " +"an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film company " +"to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length film, or " +"prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2486 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " "NonCommercial and NoDerivs licenses are ways of reserving some significant " -"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to " -"creators. In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you " -"bring in revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs " -"license because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative " -"jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial " -"licenses were popular among their users because people still held out the " -"dream of having a major record label discover their work." +"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. " +"In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in " +"revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license " +"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. The " +"music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were " +"popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having " +"a major record label discover their work." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -3833,7 +3803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -3847,12 +3817,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " @@ -3860,17 +3830,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509 msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512 msgid "# The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2520 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -3882,7 +3852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -3892,24 +3862,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2528 msgid "## Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533 msgid "www.arduino.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, " "shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to " @@ -3917,22 +3887,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222 msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2541 msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2555 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -3948,7 +3932,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2563 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -3959,7 +3943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2570 msgid "" "“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " "Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " @@ -3970,19 +3954,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2579 msgid "" -"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design " -"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work " -"and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would " -"outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about " -"open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source " -"product lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a " -"product.”" +"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " +"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " +"research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive " +"the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open " +"source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product " +"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -3993,7 +3976,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -4003,7 +3986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4018,7 +4001,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2618 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4034,7 +4017,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4045,17 +4028,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2631 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " -"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still " -"apply. David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an " -"open-source way can only help you.”" +"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. " +"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-" +"source way can only help you.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2641 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4069,7 +4052,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2651 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4082,7 +4065,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4095,22 +4078,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2671 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " "success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says " -"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does " -"matter—in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino " -"team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by " -"conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using the " -"platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant " -"to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from " -"there." +"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—" +"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had " +"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting " +"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make " +"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and " +"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2681 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4124,19 +4106,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " "manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. " "Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect " -"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial " -"development. The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s " -"revenue-generating model." +"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. " +"The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-" +"generating model." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4147,23 +4129,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2709 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " "needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to not open up " "certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the " -"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is " -"shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open " -"sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send " -"In the Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of " +"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. " +"Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing " +"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the " +"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of " "explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played " "out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, " "derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.2" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4173,7 +4155,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2721 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " @@ -4183,7 +4165,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2725 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4191,27 +4173,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7241 msgid "Web links" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730 msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730 msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732 msgid "## Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2736 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4219,32 +4212,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738 msgid "www.articaonline.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2740 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2742 msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2744 msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4253,25 +4255,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2763 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " -"to develop research and online education about rural-development " -"issues. Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both " -"were bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for " -"arts and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology " -"and online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched " +"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " +"Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both were " +"bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for arts " +"and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology and " +"online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched " "Ártica, an online business that provides education and consulting for people " "and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2774 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4286,7 +4288,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2783 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -4298,18 +4300,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " "communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now " -"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each " -"course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students " -"and offer classes on more specialized topics." +"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. " +"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer " +"classes on more specialized topics." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2796 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4319,7 +4321,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2802 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4329,7 +4331,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2816 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4346,7 +4348,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2822 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4356,20 +4358,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2831 msgid "" -"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another " -"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, " -"they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find " -"inspiration. “Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a " -"conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,” Jorge " -"said. “That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " -"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, " -"like a course or a book.”" +"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" +"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " +"spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. " +"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, " +"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first " +"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can " +"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2839 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " @@ -4380,7 +4381,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2845 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " "educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " @@ -4390,7 +4391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -4398,7 +4399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " "not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " @@ -4413,7 +4414,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2868 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. " "Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4424,7 +4425,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2874 msgid "" "“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " "easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " @@ -4434,7 +4435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2880 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -4444,41 +4445,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2882 msgid "## Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887 msgid "www.blender.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical " "copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892 msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894 msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2905 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4491,7 +4492,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2914 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -4503,7 +4504,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -4512,7 +4513,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2930 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -4525,7 +4526,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2940 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -4539,7 +4540,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " @@ -4549,7 +4550,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2956 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -4561,18 +4562,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " "were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign " "succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible " -"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he " -"said. “They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”" +"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. " +"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2969 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -4582,22 +4583,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2980 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " -"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on " -"storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale " -"because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized " -"assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it " -"needs to help on projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film " -"projects because the talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many " -"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget " -"constraints.”" +"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on storytelling. " +"Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the " +"number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but " +"the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on " +"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the " +"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work with " +"us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2988 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -4608,7 +4608,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -4618,7 +4618,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -4635,7 +4635,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -4644,7 +4644,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -4655,16 +4655,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " -"the software and the content produced with the software free and " -"open. Selling a license has never been part of the business model." +"the software and the content produced with the software free and open. " +"Selling a license has never been part of the business model." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -4676,44 +4676,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3036 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3038 msgid "## Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043 msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3047 msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3049 msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " @@ -4721,19 +4721,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3064 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " -"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or " -"fill-in-the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit " -"their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards " -"are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right " -"kind of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity " +"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" +"the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " +"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " +"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind " +"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity " "advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -4743,7 +4743,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -4752,7 +4752,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3081 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -4762,7 +4762,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -4770,7 +4770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3097 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -4785,15 +4785,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3101 msgid "" -"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over " -"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to " -"make it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said." +"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " +"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " +"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106 msgid "" "But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " "game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " @@ -4802,7 +4802,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3118 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -4818,15 +4818,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3122 msgid "" "“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " -"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with " -"it. People totally caught the joke.”" +"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. " +"People totally caught the joke.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -4835,7 +4835,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3134 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " "subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " @@ -4846,7 +4846,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3145 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -4861,7 +4861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3152 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -4871,7 +4871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157 msgid "" "Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -4880,7 +4880,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -4895,7 +4895,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3176 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -4907,7 +4907,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -4920,7 +4920,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3191 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -4930,7 +4930,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities " "and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other " @@ -4941,7 +4941,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -4951,7 +4951,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209 msgid "" "“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " "said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " @@ -4960,49 +4960,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3211 msgid "## The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3215 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " -"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the " -"Internet. Founded in 2011 in Australia." +"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " +"Founded in 2011 in Australia." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3217 msgid "theconversation.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees " "to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224 msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3234 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " "Australia. He experienced firsthand the decline of newspapers, including the " -"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce " -"costs. After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism " -"didn’t go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative " -"model." +"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce costs. " +"After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism didn’t " +"go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3240 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5012,29 +5011,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3258 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " "astrophysicist, a Nobel laureate, earth scientists, economists . . . These " "were the kind of smart people he wished were more involved in informing the " -"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in " -"media. However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, " -"journalists didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what " -"aspect of a story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was " -"wrong or mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass " -"audience. Scholars want to communicate serious news, findings, and " -"insights. It’s not a perfect match. Universities are massive repositories of " -"knowledge, research, wisdom, and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a " -"wall of their own making—there are the walled garden and ivory tower " -"metaphors, and in more literal terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, " -"universities are part of society but disconnected from it. They are an " -"enormous public resource but not that good at presenting their expertise to " -"the wider public." +"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in media. " +"However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, journalists " +"didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what aspect of a " +"story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was wrong or " +"mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass audience. Scholars want " +"to communicate serious news, findings, and insights. It’s not a perfect " +"match. Universities are massive repositories of knowledge, research, wisdom, " +"and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a wall of their own making—" +"there are the walled garden and ivory tower metaphors, and in more literal " +"terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, universities are part of society but " +"disconnected from it. They are an enormous public resource but not that good " +"at presenting their expertise to the wider public." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3269 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5043,13 +5041,13 @@ msgid "" "captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is academic " "into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key " "difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a " -"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is " -"published. Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes " -"and writing whatever they want." +"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. " +"Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing " +"whatever they want." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3280 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5063,20 +5061,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " -"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative " -"journalism. The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better " -"understanding of current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better " -"quality of public discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of " -"trusted information dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is " -"simple: to provide readers with a reliable source of evidence-based " -"information." +"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " +"The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better understanding of " +"current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better quality of public " +"discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of trusted information " +"dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is simple: to provide " +"readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3302 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5092,21 +5089,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3313 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " "others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the " "content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites " "have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 " -"million unique views per month, but through republication they have " -"thirty-five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the " -"Creative Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central " -"to everything the Conversation does." +"million unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-" +"five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative " +"Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to " +"everything the Conversation does." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3320 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown " @@ -5116,7 +5113,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5127,7 +5124,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3337 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5139,7 +5136,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5150,7 +5147,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3350 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -5160,7 +5157,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3358 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5172,7 +5169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3364 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5182,7 +5179,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5190,7 +5187,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374 msgid "" "With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " "represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " @@ -5200,57 +5197,60 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409 msgid "Web link" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378 msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380 msgid "## Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385 msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, " "selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390 msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3399 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " "not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " -"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he " -"said. “I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing " -"this thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most " +"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. " +"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this " +"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most " "important thing I know how to do.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3403 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5258,7 +5258,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3412 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5266,12 +5266,11 @@ msgid "" "coeditor of the popular CC-licensed site Boing Boing, where he writes about " "technology, politics, and intellectual property. He has also written several " "nonfiction books, including the most recent Information Doesn’t Want to Be " -"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet " -"age." +"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3416 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5279,7 +5278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3431 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5297,7 +5296,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3442 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -5312,7 +5311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3450 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5324,7 +5323,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3458 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5336,7 +5335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3469 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -5350,7 +5349,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3475 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5360,7 +5359,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3482 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -5370,7 +5369,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3495 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " @@ -5386,7 +5385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3508 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5402,7 +5401,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5418,20 +5417,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3529 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " -"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the " -"practice—for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a " -"particular platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of " -"control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He " -"calls it Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that " -"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your " -"benefit.”" +"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" +"for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " +"platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " +"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " +"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to " +"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3538 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -5444,7 +5442,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3547 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5457,7 +5455,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3556 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -5470,7 +5468,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3562 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -5480,17 +5478,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3564 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566 msgid "## Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -5498,40 +5496,40 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3573 msgid "figshare.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3575 msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3577 msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3579 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3590 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " "research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of " -"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and " -"code—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any " +"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code" +"—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any " "file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output " "is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does " "not allow." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -5539,7 +5537,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3602 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -5550,7 +5548,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3608 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -5559,7 +5557,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -5567,7 +5565,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3619 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -5578,26 +5576,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625 msgid "" -"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and " -"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative " -"Commons. Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s " -"dialogue with peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets " -"and CC BY (Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets." +"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" +"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " +"Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s dialogue with " +"peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets and CC BY " +"(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " -"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data " -"open. People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the " -"same. So he opened it up for them to use, too." +"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " +"People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he " +"opened it up for them to use, too." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -5607,7 +5605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3643 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -5616,7 +5614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -5629,7 +5627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3661 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -5641,23 +5639,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3673 msgid "" -"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for " -"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ " -"online articles. This additional data improved the quality of the " -"articles. Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having " -"to develop this functionality as part of their own " -"infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the " -"article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to " -"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides research-data " -"infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including Wiley, Springer " -"Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has convinced them " -"to use Creative Commons licenses for the data." +"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " +"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " +"articles. This additional data improved the quality of the articles. " +"Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop " +"this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data " +"also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-" +"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and researchers. " +"Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of " +"publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, " +"to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for " +"the data." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3681 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -5669,7 +5667,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3689 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -5681,7 +5679,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -5695,7 +5693,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -5707,7 +5705,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -5718,46 +5716,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3724 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " -"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other " -"applications. As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the " -"journal subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United " -"Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to " -"be pulled into an app developed by a completely different researcher that " -"converts the data into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can " -"alter by changing any of the variables.2" +"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " +"As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal " +"subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid " +"to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into " +"an app developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data " +"into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing " +"any of the variables.2" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3734 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " "Figshare. To amplify and reward the community, Figshare established an " -"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and " -"T-shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave " +"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and T-" +"shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave " "presentations outside of their area. These Advisors also helped Mark on what " "license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option " "of using Creative Commons licenses." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " "time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of " "services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.3 If he had relied " "solely on revenue from premium subscriptions, he believes Figshare would " -"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were " -"early-career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders " -"mandated open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream." +"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were early-" +"career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders mandated " +"open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3751 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -5767,82 +5765,84 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3763 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " "researchers for free. Figshare has publicly stuck to its principles—keeping " -"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the " -"start—and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark " -"sees new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If " -"Figshare was only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a " -"free version. Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key " -"differentiator. Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting " -"open access to research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new " -"discoveries." +"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the start—" +"and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark sees " +"new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If Figshare was " +"only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a free version. " +"Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key differentiator. " +"Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to " +"research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 -msgid "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\_universities/1186832" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769 +msgid "" +"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK" +"\\_universities/1186832" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 -msgid "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769 +msgid "" +"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?" +"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769 msgid "figshare.com/features" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3771 msgid "## Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3775 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " -"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " -"Zealand." +"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3777 msgid "figure.nz" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780 msgid "" "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782 msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3784 msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace " "said there are thousands of valuable and relevant data sets freely available " "to us right now, but most people don’t use them. She used to think this " "meant people didn’t care about being informed, but she’s come to see that " -"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that " -"matter—not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, " -"their businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between " +"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that matter—" +"not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, their " +"businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between " "availability and accessibility of information. Data is spread across " "thousands of sites and is held within databases and spreadsheets that " "require both time and skill to engage with. To use data when making a " @@ -5853,7 +5853,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3812 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -5866,7 +5866,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3824 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -5881,7 +5881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3839 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -5899,7 +5899,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3853 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -5916,7 +5916,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -5931,27 +5931,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3881 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " "perceived as a free service all around the table. Lillian believes hundreds " "of millions of dollars are spent by the government and organizations to " "collect data. However, very little money is spent on taking that data and " -"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision " -"making. Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes " -"that it is underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ " -"is focused on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money " -"allocated to collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful " -"and generates value. If the government wants citizens to understand why " -"certain decisions are being made and to be more aware about what the " -"government is doing, why not transform the data it collects into easily " -"understood visuals? It could even become a way for a government or any " -"organization to differentiate, market, and brand itself." +"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision making. " +"Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes that it is " +"underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ is focused " +"on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money allocated to " +"collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful and generates " +"value. If the government wants citizens to understand why certain decisions " +"are being made and to be more aware about what the government is doing, why " +"not transform the data it collects into easily understood visuals? It could " +"even become a way for a government or any organization to differentiate, " +"market, and brand itself." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -5960,7 +5960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -5977,7 +5977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -5992,7 +5992,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3916 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6002,15 +6002,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, " -"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those " -"areas. Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded." +"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. " +"Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6019,7 +6019,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3935 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6033,19 +6033,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3944 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " "environment, health, information and communications technology, industry, " "tourism, and many others. A search function helps users find tables and " "graphs. Figure.NZ does not provide analysis or interpretation of the data or " -"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for " -"them. Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals." +"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for them. " +"Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3956 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6054,14 +6054,13 @@ msgid "" "through email for them to share data for a specific topic—for example, can " "you share data for water quality? If they have the data, they respond " "quickly; if they don’t, they try and identify the organizations that would " -"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on " -"Figure.NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for " -"people to be curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are " -"interested in." +"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on Figure." +"NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for people to be " +"curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3964 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -6072,7 +6071,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3968 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6080,7 +6079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3972 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6088,7 +6087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6101,7 +6100,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6110,7 +6109,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3996 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " "what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -6121,7 +6120,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4003 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6131,32 +6130,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011 -msgid "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 +msgid "" +"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011 -msgid "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 +msgid "" +"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-" +"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 msgid "figure.nz/business/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 msgid "figure.nz/patrons/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4012 msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4016 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6164,27 +6166,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4018 msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4020 msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022 msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024 msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4040 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6201,7 +6203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6210,7 +6212,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6219,25 +6221,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4064 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " "the launch, Frances convinced Bloomsbury to differentiate themselves by " -"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license " -"(BY-NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or " -"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest " -"cost for publishers is getting a book to the stage where it can be " -"printed. If everyone read the online book for free, there would be no " -"print-book sales at all, and the costs associated with getting the book to " -"print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print " -"versions of these books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances " -"found it intriguing that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts " -"as a marketing vehicle for the print format." +"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license (BY-" +"NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or Attribution-NonCommercial-" +"NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is " +"getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the " +"online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the " +"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. Surprisingly, " +"Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these books were 10 to " +"20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing that the " +"Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing vehicle for " +"the print format." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4071 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -6248,28 +6250,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4078 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " "ready be printed, in other words, cover the fixed costs of getting to the " "first digital copy? Then you could either bring down the cost of the printed " -"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and " -"e-book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model." +"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and e-" +"book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4085 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " -"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a " -"“book-processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an " -"open-access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." +"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-" +"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access " +"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4094 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6282,35 +6284,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6319,7 +6321,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6327,7 +6329,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6335,7 +6337,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4123 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6347,7 +6349,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC " @@ -6360,7 +6362,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4142 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6373,24 +6375,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " "size and shape of the offerings. Books were being bundled into eight small " "packages separated by subject (including Anthropology, History, Literature, " -"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per " -"package. Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least " -"six of the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book " -"was just under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten " -"months. It started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having " -"a library task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, " -"getting the libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, " -"unlatching." +"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per package. " +"Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least six of " +"the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book was just " +"under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten months. It " +"started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having a library " +"task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, getting the " +"libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, unlatching." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6398,7 +6399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6410,7 +6411,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4172 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6418,7 +6419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4176 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6426,19 +6427,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4184 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " -"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 " -"range. Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in " -"the past sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three " -"hundred. That makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the " -"first round, it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second " -"round, it took one month to get twenty-six." +"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. " +"Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past " +"sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That " +"makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, " +"it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second round, it " +"took one month to get twenty-six." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4193 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -6450,7 +6451,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4202 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -6462,7 +6463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4209 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many " "of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -6472,7 +6473,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -6486,27 +6487,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4231 msgid "" -"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by " -"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is " -"sustainable. Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service " -"charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans " -"to scale up in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs " -"when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, " -"Knowledge Unlatched is making investments in technology and " -"processes. Future plans include unlatching journals and older books." +"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " +"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " +"Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that " +"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up " +"in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are " +"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched " +"is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include " +"unlatching journals and older books." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4240 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -6519,87 +6520,87 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248 msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248 msgid "www.oapen.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248 msgid "www.hathitrust.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248 msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248 msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4250 msgid "## Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255 msgid "lumenlearning.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4257 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4259 msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261 msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4283 msgid "" -"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and " -"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to " -"improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making " -"education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational " -"resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called " -"the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open " -"general-education courses across eight colleges predominantly serving " -"at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and " -"collaborate to improve the courses to help students succeed. David and Kim " -"exceeded those goals: the cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, " -"decreased to zero dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 " -"to 10 percent when compared with previous years. After a second round of " -"funding, a total of more than twenty-five institutions participated in and " -"benefited from this project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see " -"the impact this initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought " -"further funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them " -"to define a plan to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That " -"is when they decided to create Lumen Learning." +"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" +"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " +"student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more " +"affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, " +"David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope " +"Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open general-education " +"courses across eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with " +"goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the " +"courses to help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the " +"cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero " +"dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when " +"compared with previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of " +"more than twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this " +"project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this " +"initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding " +"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan " +"to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they " +"decided to create Lumen Learning." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4292 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -6611,7 +6612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4300 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -6622,7 +6623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -6632,49 +6633,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4318 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " "patterns emerged which allowed them to generalize a set of approaches and " "offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead " -"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf " -"options. Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good " -"at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving " -"disadvantaged learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they " -"describe what they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in " -"a way that is very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and " -"universities—" +"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. " +"Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing " +"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged " +"learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what " +"they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is " +"very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4333 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -6684,7 +6684,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4339 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -6694,17 +6694,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4345 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " "and assessments, and helps instructors find and support the students who " -"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled " -"student." +"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4352 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -6715,7 +6714,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4367 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -6727,13 +6726,13 @@ msgid "" "those who paid. Right from the start, their stance was that they would not " "put their content behind a paywall. Lumen invests zero dollars in " "technologies and processes for restricting access—no digital rights " -"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a " -"business-model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has " -"generated immense goodwill in the community." +"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a business-" +"model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has generated immense " +"goodwill in the community." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4376 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -6746,7 +6745,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4386 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. " "The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from " @@ -6759,7 +6758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -6769,20 +6768,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " -"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as " -"Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the " -"text of the course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students " -"find it a distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the " -"license and attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up " -"at the end of each page." +"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as Attribution-" +"ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the text of the " +"course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students find it a " +"distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the license and " +"attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up at the end of " +"each page." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4409 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -6792,22 +6791,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4420 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " "regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the " "system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is " -"the Virginia community college system, which is building out " -"Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar " -"system-level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its " -"efforts. Where there are projects that would require a lot of resources on " -"Lumen’s part, they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number " -"of students." +"the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. " +"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-" +"level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where " +"there are projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, " +"they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4428 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -6819,7 +6817,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4437 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -6831,7 +6829,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4444 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -6842,7 +6840,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -6855,7 +6853,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -6866,7 +6864,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -6875,21 +6873,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4475 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " -"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than " -"seventy-five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up " -"funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, " -"and the Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted " -"investment funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 " -"percent grant funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with " -"angel capital. Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding " -"with revenue." +"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" +"five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up funding " +"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the " +"Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted investment " +"funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 percent grant " +"funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with angel capital. " +"Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4483 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -6901,29 +6898,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487 msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4489 msgid "## Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " "A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494 msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4498 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements " @@ -6931,12 +6928,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500 msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " "every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " @@ -6949,7 +6946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -6962,7 +6959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " "is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " @@ -6971,7 +6968,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4534 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -6983,14 +6980,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4548 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " "written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since " "he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired " -"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that " -"day. His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at " +"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. " +"His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at " "least an undercurrent of a deeper theme or meaning. Occasionally, they are " "extremely personal, like the song he cowrote with his exgirlfriend " "announcing their breakup. Rain or shine, in sickness or health, Jonathan " @@ -7000,7 +6997,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7011,7 +7008,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4563 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " "to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " @@ -7022,7 +7019,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -7032,19 +7029,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4577 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " "wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to " "copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your " "song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” " -"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of " -"time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”" +"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. " +"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4583 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -7054,23 +7051,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4591 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " -"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he " -"said. “There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they " -"need and then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other " -"artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom " -"songs for clients." +"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. " +"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and " +"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes " +"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for " +"clients." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601 msgid "" -"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those " -"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift " -"for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " +"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " +"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " +"distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " "music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the " "process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired " "to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from " @@ -7079,7 +7076,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4615 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7095,7 +7092,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7104,7 +7101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -7118,18 +7115,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638 msgid "" -"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and " -"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in " -"books like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely " -"emphasizes the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can " -"replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work " -"is a living embodiment of these principles." +"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " +"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " +"like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes " +"the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the " +"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living " +"embodiment of these principles." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4644 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7139,7 +7136,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He " "is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his " @@ -7149,7 +7146,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4655 msgid "" "“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " "person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " @@ -7157,12 +7154,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4657 msgid "## Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7170,27 +7167,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4663 msgid "thenounproject.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4665 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4667 msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669 msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7198,7 +7195,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7209,7 +7206,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7219,7 +7216,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7229,7 +7226,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4703 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7241,7 +7238,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -7251,18 +7248,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4717 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " -"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s " -"quality-review process means that only the best works become part of its " -"collection. They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback " -"whenever they reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the " -"relationship they have with their global community of designers." +"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" +"review process means that only the best works become part of its collection. " +"They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback whenever they " +"reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the relationship they " +"have with their global community of designers." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7271,7 +7268,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4735 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4734 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7286,7 +7283,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4743 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7298,7 +7295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4749 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7308,7 +7305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4761 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added " @@ -7317,37 +7314,37 @@ msgid "" "users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many " "similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one " "they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby " -"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly " -"fee. This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says " -"this model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good " -"for the platform." +"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. " +"This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says this " +"model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for " +"the platform." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4772 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " "from within other applications. Edward knew that the icons and symbols would " "be valuable in a lot of different contexts and that they couldn’t possibly " -"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of " -"flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons " -"without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for " -"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how " -"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require " -"you to purchase the API Pro version." +"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of flexibility. " +"Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons without " +"giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for its use. " +"You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how it " +"integrates with your application, but full implementation will require you " +"to purchase the API Pro version." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4776 msgid "" -"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For " -"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " +"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" +"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " "percent to Noun Project." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7360,7 +7357,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because " @@ -7368,7 +7365,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7377,7 +7374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4808 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use " "Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7392,7 +7389,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4814 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7402,7 +7399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819 msgid "" "For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " "is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " @@ -7410,7 +7407,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7421,16 +7418,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " -"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and " -"credibility. CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans." +"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and credibility. " +"CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4839 msgid "" "Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " "around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " @@ -7442,7 +7439,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -7451,7 +7448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4853 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project " @@ -7463,7 +7460,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -7475,27 +7472,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 -msgid "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866 +msgid "" +"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-" +"visual-sy/description" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866 msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866 msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4868 msgid "## Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4872 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -7503,32 +7502,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4874 msgid "theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, " "donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879 msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881 msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4891 msgid "" -"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the " -"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " +"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" +"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " "consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are " "central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY " "(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the " @@ -7537,21 +7536,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4901 msgid "" -"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of " -"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight " -"time data from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local " -"housing informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and " -"timely, but open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data " -"can be a resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can " -"help governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target " -"investments. It can help citizens improve their lives by better " -"understanding what is happening around them." +"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " +"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " +"from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local housing " +"informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and timely, but " +"open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data can be a " +"resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can help " +"governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target investments. It " +"can help citizens improve their lives by better understanding what is " +"happening around them." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -7561,29 +7560,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914 msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -7594,7 +7593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -7604,7 +7603,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4934 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -7614,7 +7613,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -7624,29 +7623,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " "Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on " -"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an " -"ODI-supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into " -"two tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, " -"and corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial " +"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-" +"supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two " +"tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, and " +"corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial " "members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the " "benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members " "are listed on their website.)2" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4967 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -7655,24 +7654,24 @@ msgid "" "has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is " "one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier " "for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay " -"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” " -"Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so " -"they can attend as a form of professional development." +"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-" +"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can " +"attend as a form of professional development." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4975 msgid "" -"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more " -"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship " -"with an organization. The training program is based on a definition of " -"open-data knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills " -"needed by their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The " -"training tends to generate high interest and commitment." +"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " +"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " +"organization. The training program is based on a definition of open-data " +"knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills needed by " +"their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The training " +"tends to generate high interest and commitment." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -7682,7 +7681,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -7693,12 +7692,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4993 -msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992 +msgid "" +"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -7706,7 +7706,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -7716,7 +7716,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -7725,32 +7725,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5015 msgid "" -"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United " -"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors " -"from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s " -"open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic " -"value. They were contracted as a service provider to international " -"governments, which prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”" +"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " +"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " +"fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data " +"practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were " +"contracted as a service provider to international governments, which " +"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5025 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " "but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set " "of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and " "deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and " -"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the " -"world. There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI " -"nodes are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the " -"brand." +"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. " +"There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes " +"are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5029 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -7758,7 +7757,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5037 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -7769,7 +7768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5043 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -7779,7 +7778,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -7788,7 +7787,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -7797,26 +7796,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " "publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission is " -"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with " -"data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open " -"license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that " -"it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not " -"rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have " -"ODI experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; " +"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with data. " +"Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is " +"essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is " +"perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely " +"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI " +"experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; " "people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they " "use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish " -"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they " -"offer. According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " +"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. " +"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " "completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5073 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -7824,7 +7823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -7833,64 +7832,68 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086 -msgid "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085 +msgid "" +"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095 -msgid "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 +msgid "" +"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-" +"business-plan-may-release.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 msgid "directory.theodi.org/members" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095 -msgid "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 +msgid "" +"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 msgid "certificates.theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096 msgid "## OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5100 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -7898,27 +7901,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102 msgid "www.opendesk.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106 msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108 msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -7927,25 +7931,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5130 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " "Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were exploring " "digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to " -"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical " -"goods. They sought to design something for their client that was also " -"reproducible. As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the " -"goods.” They created the design using software, put it under an open " -"license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start " -"of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project " -"dedicated to accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the " -"same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with " -"Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." +"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. " +"They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. " +"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They " +"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it " +"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for " +"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " +"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The " +"two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a " +"nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -7954,20 +7958,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5146 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " -"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing " -"options. It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of " -"a design is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital " -"sharing and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still " -"hold ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the " -"wheel and settled on using Creative Commons." +"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing options. " +"It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of a design " +"is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital sharing " +"and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still hold " +"ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the wheel " +"and settled on using Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5152 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -7977,7 +7981,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5156 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -7985,7 +7989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -7995,7 +7999,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -8004,7 +8008,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8013,20 +8017,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5181 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " "buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s " "network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers " -"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a " -"computer-controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that " -"cuts shapes out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the " -"design file." +"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-" +"controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes " +"out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5189 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -8038,7 +8041,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8046,14 +8049,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8061,14 +8064,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8076,23 +8079,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " -"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to " -"third-party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own " -"channels—this covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)" +"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" +"party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own channels—this " +"covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8101,57 +8104,57 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218 msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5220 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " "Opendesk platform fee and channel fees. If a customer opts to buy by getting " "in touch directly with a registered local maker using a downloaded Opendesk " "file, the maker is responsible for ensuring the design fee, Opendesk " -"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of " -"sale. Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost " -"and are typically apportioned as follows:" +"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of sale. " +"Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost and " +"are typically apportioned as follows:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick " "and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8159,7 +8162,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8169,7 +8172,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8180,7 +8183,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " "“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " @@ -8190,7 +8193,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5269 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8200,7 +8203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5277 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " @@ -8212,7 +8215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5283 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8222,29 +8225,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8252,28 +8255,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5313 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8285,7 +8288,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5319 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8295,85 +8298,84 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " -"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in " -"people." +"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 msgid "openmaking.is" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333 msgid "## OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5337 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " -"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement " -"courses. Founded in 2012 in the U.S." +"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " +"Founded in 2012 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5339 msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for " "physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344 msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346 msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5359 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " -"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, " -"Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " -"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and " -"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and " -"reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s " -"best libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with " -"Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." +"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. " +"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. " +"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely " +"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, " +"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of " +"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and " +"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8386,7 +8388,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8400,7 +8402,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5387 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -8412,7 +8414,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5395 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8423,7 +8425,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -8433,7 +8435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -8442,7 +8444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -8451,7 +8453,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -8460,20 +8462,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5426 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " -"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on " -"philanthropy. They have initially been funded by the William and Flora " -"Hewlett Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and " -"Melinda Gates Foundation, the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield " -"Foundation, the Calvin K. Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To " -"develop additional titles and supporting technology is probably still going " -"to require philanthropic investment." +"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " +"They have initially been funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, " +"the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, " +"the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, the Calvin K. " +"Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To develop additional titles and " +"supporting technology is probably still going to require philanthropic " +"investment." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5435 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -8485,33 +8487,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5443 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " -"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to " -"institutions. Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the " -"revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has " -"already published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to " -"Sociology 2e, using these funds." +"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. " +"Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they " +"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already " +"published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, " +"using these funds." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5453 msgid "" -"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak " -"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing " -"textbook content, freeing them up from those development costs and letting " -"them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no " -"cost, they can provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still " -"saving students money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving " -"mission-support fees but through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax " -"doesn’t have a sales force; partners are out there showcasing their " -"materials." +"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " +"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " +"freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what " +"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can provide " +"their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students money. " +"OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but through " +"free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; partners " +"are out there showcasing their materials." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5459 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -8521,7 +8522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5468 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -8533,7 +8534,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5479 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -8542,24 +8543,24 @@ msgid "" "traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. " "Sometimes students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and " "use it to buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break " -"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns " -"policy. This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles " -"is virtually a hundred percent." +"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns policy. " +"This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles is " +"virtually a hundred percent." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " "Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " "by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in " -"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted " -"nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that " -"is reasonable." +"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. " +"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is " +"reasonable." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5497 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -8573,7 +8574,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5512 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -8592,31 +8593,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " -"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an " -"up-front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author " -"might make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is " -"only maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of " -"all authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them " -"and they earn all the money up front." +"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" +"front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author might " +"make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is only " +"maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of all " +"authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them and " +"they earn all the money up front." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5529 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " "It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " "innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole " -"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on " -"partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By " -"enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic " -"freedom." +"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. " +"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling " +"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5538 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -8628,34 +8628,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550 msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -8664,7 +8664,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -8673,7 +8673,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5561 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -8683,7 +8683,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -8696,32 +8696,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577 -msgid "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576 +msgid "" +"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576 msgid "openstax.org/adopters" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578 msgid "## Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582 msgid "amandapalmer.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5586 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, " "charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person " @@ -8729,12 +8730,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5588 msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " @@ -8742,7 +8743,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5600 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " @@ -8751,7 +8752,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -8762,7 +8763,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5619 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -8777,7 +8778,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " @@ -8789,7 +8790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5639 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5638 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -8802,7 +8803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5648 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -8815,7 +8816,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -8823,18 +8824,18 @@ msgid "" "before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden Dolls used " "to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music " "for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it " -"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a " -"short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that " +"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-" +"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that " "contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone " -"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda " -"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an " -"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing " -"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a " -"natural fit." +"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. " +"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy " +"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what " +"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural " +"fit." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -8844,7 +8845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -8855,7 +8856,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5689 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5688 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -8863,13 +8864,12 @@ msgid "" "featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She spends hours in " "the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, " "engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component " -"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to " -"listen. “Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” " -"Amanda wrote." +"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. " +"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5697 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -8881,7 +8881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704 msgid "" "“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " "and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " @@ -8892,7 +8892,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -8904,7 +8904,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -8916,7 +8916,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727 msgid "" "“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " "they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " @@ -8926,19 +8926,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5736 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5735 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " "who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not " -"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it " -"differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t " -"joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is " -"joyful to you.”" +"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. " +"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to " +"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to " +"you.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5746 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -8953,7 +8953,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5754 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " @@ -8964,59 +8964,62 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5762 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " -"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a " -"relationship. Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that " -"different from what she did as a young street performer. She shares her " -"music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than " -"forcing people to help her, she lets them." +"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. " +"Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from " +"what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other " +"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to " +"help her, she lets them." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767 -msgid "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\#44e20ce46d67" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5766 +msgid "" +"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-" +"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/" +"\\#44e20ce46d67" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5768 msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5772 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " -"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the " -"U.S." +"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." +"S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5774 msgid "plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be " "featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779 msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781 msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9026,13 +9029,13 @@ msgid "" "petition, most did not follow through. In August 2001, Patrick and Michael " "announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation to " "do just what the petition promised. With start-up grant support from the " -"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new " -"open-access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released " -"under Attribution (CC BY) licenses." +"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new open-" +"access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released under " +"Attribution (CC BY) licenses." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5805 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9046,7 +9049,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5816 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9060,7 +9063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5825 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9074,7 +9077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5836 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9088,28 +9091,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5844 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " "that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, " "genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, " -"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to " -"\\$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in " -"2006, are just under \\$1,500." +"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to \\$2,900. Article-" +"publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under " +"\\$1,500." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " -"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing " -"charges." +"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5864 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9118,27 +9120,27 @@ msgid "" "for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on " "access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s " "open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the " -"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon " -"publication. Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on " -"marketing to libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS " -"provides a better service for authors by promoting their research directly " -"to the research community and giving the authors exposure. And this " -"encourages other authors to submit their work for publication." +"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. " +"Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to " +"libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS provides a better " +"service for authors by promoting their research directly to the research " +"community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors " +"to submit their work for publication." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871 msgid "" -"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC " -"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content " -"and provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while " +"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " +"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " +"provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while " "ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of " "this aligns with how they think research content should be published and " "disseminated." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5875 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9146,7 +9148,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5883 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9157,7 +9159,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9166,7 +9168,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5896 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9177,7 +9179,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5904 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9187,7 +9189,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5924 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9211,7 +9213,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5928 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9219,7 +9221,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9228,7 +9230,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5943 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9242,7 +9244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9251,7 +9253,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5963 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9270,7 +9272,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9282,7 +9284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5983 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9297,7 +9299,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9309,7 +9311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6000 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9321,7 +9323,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6004 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9329,53 +9331,53 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009 msgid "collections.plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009 msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011 msgid "## Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020 msgid "" "Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version " "(museum admission), selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6022 msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025 msgid "" "Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information " "department" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6041 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9392,7 +9394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6053 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9408,7 +9410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6062 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9419,7 +9421,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to " @@ -9435,7 +9437,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6084 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -9449,7 +9451,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6096 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -9464,37 +9466,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " -"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for " -"free. Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define " -"discrete digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each " -"project. This turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high " -"interest from sponsors and lower administrative effort for the " -"Rijksmuseum. They started out making 150,000 high-quality images of their " -"collection available, with the goal to eventually have the entire collection " -"online." +"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " +"Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define discrete " +"digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each project. This " +"turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high interest from " +"sponsors and lower administrative effort for the Rijksmuseum. They started " +"out making 150,000 high-quality images of their collection available, with " +"the goal to eventually have the entire collection online." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6119 msgid "" -"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of " -"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of " -"Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a " -"month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more " -"trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can " -"easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now " -"used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million " -"views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of " -"its website. Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona " -"Lisa effect,” where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see " -"it in real life by visiting the actual museum." +"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" +"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " +"Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a month. On " +"the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more trusted, " +"and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can easily be " +"found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in " +"thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per " +"month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. " +"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” " +"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real " +"life by visiting the actual museum." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -9505,7 +9506,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6138 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -9520,7 +9521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6145 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -9531,7 +9532,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6154 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -9544,7 +9545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -9553,12 +9554,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " -"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the " -"Rijksstudio. The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound " -"by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a " +"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " +"The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound by " +"copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a " "Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license " "(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they " "want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available " @@ -9566,21 +9567,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " -"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his " -"paintings. The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the " -"images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy " -"to inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on " -"Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an " -"elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The " -"Threatened Swan.3" +"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. " +"The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in " +"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to inspire " +"people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on Etsy is a " +"kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an elaborate cabinet " +"along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The Threatened Swan.3" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6192 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make " @@ -9597,7 +9597,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6196 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -9605,7 +9605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6203 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -9616,7 +9616,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6214 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -9631,7 +9631,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6231 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up " "with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people " @@ -9641,9 +9641,9 @@ msgid "" "their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually bad at " "selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of money " "block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. For " -"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but " -"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose " -"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their " +"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but pound-" +"foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose sight of " +"its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their " "collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous " "practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their " "experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people " @@ -9651,67 +9651,70 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 msgid "" -"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: " -"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: " -"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015" +"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/" +"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-" +"award-2015" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242 -msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 +msgid "" +"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/" +"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243 msgid "## Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6247 -msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246 +msgid "" +"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248 msgid "www.shareable.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6252 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253 msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6255 msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -9724,7 +9727,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -9737,7 +9740,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6283 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -9748,20 +9751,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6292 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " "because it happens to align with a project or interest they have. But " "choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the " -"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s " -"credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate sharing " -"economy, the online magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” " -"and continued to grow their audience." +"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. " +"Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online " +"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to " +"grow their audience." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -9774,20 +9777,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6311 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " "good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on " "sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons " "like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, " -"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run " -"democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that help their " -"readers make changes in their own lives and communities." +"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. " +"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make " +"changes in their own lives and communities." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " @@ -9803,7 +9806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6335 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -9812,14 +9815,13 @@ msgid "" "embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC " "licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, " "“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal " -"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the " -"case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but " -"most of the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than " -"we do.”" +"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. " +"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of " +"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -9831,7 +9833,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -9840,7 +9842,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -9852,7 +9854,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This " "is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We " @@ -9866,19 +9868,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " -"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for " -"help. The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start " +"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. " +"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start " "making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching " "their \\$50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, " "but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -9888,7 +9890,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6395 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -9898,29 +9900,29 @@ msgid "" "Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe " "allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more " "people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over " -"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years " -"ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and " +"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. " +"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and " "distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable " "will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their " "network to implement." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " -"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a " -"one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people " -"take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities." +"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-" +"fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take the " +"ideas and adapt them to their own communities." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6402 msgid "## Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -9928,27 +9930,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408 msgid "www.siyavula.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412 msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -9958,7 +9960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -9967,7 +9969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6434 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -9977,7 +9979,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -9988,7 +9990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -9998,7 +10000,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10007,7 +10009,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10018,7 +10020,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6469 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10028,7 +10030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6483 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6482 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. " @@ -10037,14 +10039,14 @@ msgid "" "is standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but " "of course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is " "transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and " -"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a " -"team-based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based " -"entirely on resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they " -"were safe to share and free from legal repercussions." +"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-" +"based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on " +"resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were safe to " +"share and free from legal repercussions." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10055,7 +10057,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10064,7 +10066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6503 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried " "creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10075,7 +10077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6510 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10085,7 +10087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10096,7 +10098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10110,7 +10112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10119,7 +10121,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10130,7 +10132,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10141,7 +10143,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6557 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10152,7 +10154,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6563 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10161,7 +10163,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6569 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10172,10 +10174,10 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579 msgid "" -"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale " -"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " +"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " +"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " "directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A " "single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including " "practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower " @@ -10185,7 +10187,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10196,7 +10198,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6593 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10206,7 +10208,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6599 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10216,7 +10218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10228,7 +10230,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10239,20 +10241,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6623 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " "the government. Siyavula initially tried to convince the government to " "provide them with five rand per book (about US35¢). With those funds, Mark " -"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a " -"community-based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent " -"Practice for free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy " -"negotiation, the government said no." +"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a community-" +"based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent Practice for " +"free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy negotiation, the " +"government said no." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10264,7 +10266,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6638 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10274,7 +10276,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6647 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10287,16 +10289,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " -"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The " -"government-announced policy that there would be only one textbook per " -"subject turned out to be highly contentious and is in limbo." +"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" +"announced policy that there would be only one textbook per subject turned " +"out to be highly contentious and is in limbo." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. " "These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over " @@ -10306,75 +10308,75 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " "Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open " "license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to " "do for them. They believe each individual should have access to the " -"resources and support they need to achieve the education they " -"deserve. Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons " -"means they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build " +"resources and support they need to achieve the education they deserve. " +"Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons means " +"they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build " "revenue-generating services to sustain the ongoing operation of Siyavula. In " "terms of open business models, Mark and Siyavula may have been around the " "block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679 msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679 msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679 msgid "cnx.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679 msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682 -msgid "## Sparkfun" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6681 +msgid "## SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684 msgid "" -"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open " -"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." +"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " +"Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686 msgid "www.sparkfun.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6690 msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692 msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10384,16 +10386,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705 msgid "" -"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan " -"said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were " -"never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the " +"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. " +"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never " +"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the " "world.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10404,7 +10406,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " "natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " @@ -10415,15 +10417,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6725 msgid "" "“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " -"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your " -"laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”" +"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. " +"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " @@ -10435,19 +10437,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " "code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts " -"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and " -"support. “I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP " -"\\[intellectual property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they " -"should be competing on.”" +"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. " +"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP \\[intellectual " +"property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be " +"competing on.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6750 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -10460,7 +10462,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6757 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -10471,7 +10473,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6764 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -10482,18 +10484,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " -"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping " -"parts. Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to " -"re-create and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on " -"introducing young people to technology is a natural extension of their core " -"business." +"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " +"Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to re-create " +"and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on introducing " +"young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6775 msgid "" "“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " @@ -10501,7 +10502,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6784 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -10514,7 +10515,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6793 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -10526,7 +10527,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6804 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -10535,13 +10536,13 @@ msgid "" "perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event " "for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and " "have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees " -"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get " -"face-to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with " -"a human element, which makes it more meaningful." +"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-" +"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a " +"human element, which makes it more meaningful." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -10553,7 +10554,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6818 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -10563,32 +10564,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " "customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and " -"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the " -"company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and " -"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been " -"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain " -"point, and we would design something to address it.”" +"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the company. " +"SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and tries to " +"build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been listening to " +"the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain point, and we " +"would design something to address it.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " "public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a " "particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people " "contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are " -"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you " -"open-source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”" +"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-" +"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -10599,7 +10600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6856 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -10614,40 +10615,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6858 msgid "## TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " -"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the " -"U.S." +"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864 msgid "teachaids.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866 msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868 msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870 msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -10656,7 +10656,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -10671,28 +10671,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6906 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " -"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford " -"University. She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next " -"hot zone of people living with HIV. Despite international and national " -"entities pouring in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention " -"efforts, the reports showed knowledge levels were still low. People were " -"unaware of whether the virus could be transmitted through coughing and " -"sneezing, for instance. Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at " -"Stanford, Piya conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous " -"research. They found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was " -"that HIV, and issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to " -"discuss comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the " -"education on this topic was being taught through television advertising, " -"billboards, and other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only " -"receiving bits and pieces of information." +"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford University. " +"She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next hot zone of " +"people living with HIV. Despite international and national entities pouring " +"in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention efforts, the reports " +"showed knowledge levels were still low. People were unaware of whether the " +"virus could be transmitted through coughing and sneezing, for instance. " +"Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at Stanford, Piya " +"conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous research. They " +"found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was that HIV, and " +"issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to discuss " +"comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the education on " +"this topic was being taught through television advertising, billboards, and " +"other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only receiving bits and " +"pieces of information." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -10706,7 +10706,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6920 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -10714,7 +10714,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6933 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -10730,18 +10730,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6940 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " "content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to " -"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating " -"high-quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research " -"drives everything we do.”" +"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-" +"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives " +"everything we do.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6947 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -10752,7 +10752,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6960 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -10768,7 +10768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6974 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -10776,41 +10776,41 @@ msgid "" "using paid translators. For quality control, TeachAIDS has three separate " "volunteer teams translate the materials from English to the local language " "and customize the content based on local customs and norms. Those three " -"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master " -"translation. TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate " -"that version back into English to see how well it lines up with the original " -"materials. They repeat this process until they reach a translated version " -"that meets their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this " -"cycle eleven times." +"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master translation. " +"TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate that version " +"back into English to see how well it lines up with the original materials. " +"They repeat this process until they reach a translated version that meets " +"their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this cycle " +"eleven times." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6991 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " "use people from diverse backgrounds to create the materials, including " "teachers, students, and doctors, as well as individuals experienced in " "working in the NGO space. This diversity and breadth of knowledge help " -"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of " -"life. Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors " -"to help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The " -"inclusive, but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by " -"people who are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, " -"rather than ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to " -"require zero training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, " -"we found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, " -"even if they have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials " -"where you can push play and they will work.”" +"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of life. " +"Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors to " +"help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The inclusive, " +"but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who " +"are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than " +"ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero " +"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we " +"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they " +"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can " +"push play and they will work.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7002 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " -"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and " -"in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " +"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-" +"kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " "model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the " "materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators " "from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own " @@ -10820,7 +10820,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -10833,7 +10833,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -10845,22 +10845,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7030 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " -"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya " -"said. “We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the " -"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to " -"sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new " -"eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising " -"channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which " -"is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, " -"the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can " -"benefit a brand for many years to come." +"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " +"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the " +"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. " +"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs " +"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. " +"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often " +"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the " +"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit " +"a brand for many years to come." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -10871,23 +10871,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7044 msgid "" -"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving " -"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins " -"the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they " -"create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale " -"their materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game " -"changer for TeachAIDS,” Piya said." +"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" +"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " +"it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create " +"furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their " +"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer " +"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7046 msgid "## Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7050 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -10895,22 +10895,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056 msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058 msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -10921,19 +10921,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " -"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold " -"stock-music. They thought of looking up websites where you could license " -"music directly from the musician without going through record labels or " -"agents. But in 2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights " -"holder was not readily available." +"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold stock-music. " +"They thought of looking up websites where you could license music directly " +"from the musician without going through record labels or agents. But in " +"2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not " +"readily available." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -10945,7 +10945,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -10955,7 +10955,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7097 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -10965,19 +10965,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " -"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, " -"good-listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show " -"without the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They " -"started their In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) " -"uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1" +"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-" +"listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without " +"the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their " +"In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the " +"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -10998,7 +10998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7134 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11013,7 +11013,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7141 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -11023,7 +11023,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7150 msgid "" "A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, " "are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11036,19 +11036,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7159 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " "Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and " "remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons " "licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day " -"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC " -"BY-SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song." +"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-" +"SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7168 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -11061,17 +11061,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7175 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " -"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific " -"amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their " -"repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal." +"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. " +"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their repertoire " +"at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11080,17 +11080,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7187 msgid "" -"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to " -"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing " -"economy, the community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, " -"create exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become " -"more interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro." +"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " +"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " +"community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, create " +"exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more " +"interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7196 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11103,33 +11103,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " "specifies what they want, and any member can submit a song. Contests usually " "involve prizes, exposure, and money. In addition to building member " "engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening " -"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that " -"need." +"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7215 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " "from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of " -"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for " -"them. Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see " -"little reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the " -"control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a " -"hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in " -"others with collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI." +"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. " +"Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little " +"reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the control. Still a " +"small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a hybrid model by " +"licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with " +"collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7231 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11147,103 +11146,103 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " "translated into all languages really helps build that trust. Tribe of Noise " "believes in creating a model where they work together with musicians. They " "can only do that if they have a live and kicking community, with people who " -"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in " -"mind. Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for " -"music, a model that’s based on trust." +"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in mind. " +"Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, " +"a model that’s based on trust." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244 msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246 msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251 msgid "wikimediafoundation.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7253 msgid "Revenue model: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7255 msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258 msgid "" "Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and " "Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7262 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " -"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the " -"articles. All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of " -"the content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people " -"to reuse and adapt it for any purpose." +"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " +"All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of the " +"content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people to " +"reuse and adapt it for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " -"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what " -"else?—the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia." +"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" +"the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7284 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " "sites like Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons. The foundation employs about two " -"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it " -"hosts. But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its " -"community. The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about " -"seventy-five thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every " -"month. Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, " -"including formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a " -"particular theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a " -"particular organization." +"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it hosts. " +"But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its community. " +"The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about seventy-five " +"thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every month. " +"Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, including " +"formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a particular " +"theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a particular " +"organization." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " @@ -11252,7 +11251,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7296 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11263,7 +11262,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11277,7 +11276,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7327 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7326 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -11286,10 +11285,10 @@ msgid "" "Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by " "language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of their " "systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the rule " -"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " -"system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to " -"resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject " -"areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " +"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their system. " +"The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to resolve " +"disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject areas, " +"talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " "Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community " "is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, " "and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the " @@ -11300,7 +11299,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7339 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -11316,7 +11315,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11330,7 +11329,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11338,18 +11337,18 @@ msgid "" "every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans working together " "in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a " "million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes " -"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single " -"explanation. “In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible " -"diversity of motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of " -"the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error " -"in articles more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of " -"Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to " -"contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate " -"financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”" +"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. " +"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " +"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English " +"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles " +"more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of Wikipedia users " +"are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to " +"Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate financially,” " +"Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11361,19 +11360,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7383 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " "Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United " "States. They engage in extensive user testing and research to maximize the " "reach of their fund-raising campaigns. Their basic fund-raising message is " -"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give " -"back. Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right." +"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give back. " +"Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -11385,7 +11384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11394,7 +11393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -11403,7 +11402,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " @@ -11412,17 +11411,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411 msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7413 msgid "## Bibliography" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -11430,135 +11429,134 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7422 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7424 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " -"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. " -"www.benkler.org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC " -"BY-NC-SA)." +"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler." +"org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440 msgid "" -"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open " -"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. " -"www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC " -"BY-SA)." +"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " +"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-" +"models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " -"Collaborative, 2016. " -"thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/." +"Collaborative, 2016. thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-" +"paradigm/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448 msgid "" -"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the " -"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." +"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " +"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " -"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through " -"Commons-Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop " -"in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. " +"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" +"Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in " +"cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. " "bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf. For more " "information, see bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467 msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7471 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " "(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, " -"2014). " -"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf." +"2014). www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-" +"collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-" +"urban-commons1.pdf." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -11566,29 +11564,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. " -"hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all." +"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-" +"sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -11597,43 +11595,43 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505 msgid "" -"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan " -"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014." +"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " +"New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508 msgid "" -"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a " -"Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." +"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" +"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " -"2009. ssir.org/articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models." +"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/" +"articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared " -"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." +"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " +"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7519 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " -"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." +"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " +"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -11641,140 +11639,140 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: " "Viking, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553 msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559 msgid "" -"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being " -"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012." +"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " +"New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565 msgid "" "Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " "BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " -"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " -"2011. www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf." +"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " +"www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: " -"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at " -"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation." +"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer." +"com/books/business-model-generation." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -11782,42 +11780,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " -"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, " -"2014. pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed " -"under CC BY-SA)." +"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. pro." +"europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed under CC BY-" +"SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " -"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. " -"www.academia.edu/27143172/The\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader " -"(licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The" +"\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " -"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” " -"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/." +"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” www.catb.org/esr/writings/" +"cathedral-bazaar/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -11825,7 +11822,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -11833,73 +11830,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616 -msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615 +msgid "" +"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630 msgid "" -"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing " -"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." +"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " +"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -11907,21 +11905,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -11931,34 +11929,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " -"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. " -"society30.com/get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/" +"get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664 msgid "" -"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. " -"web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web." +"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667 msgid "" -"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and " -"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." +"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " +"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669 msgid "## Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -11968,7 +11966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7679 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -11976,7 +11974,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7685 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -11986,16 +11984,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " -"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter " -"co-editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable " -"feedback. Heartfelt thanks to all of you." +"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" +"editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable feedback. " +"Heartfelt thanks to all of you." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7737 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12044,7 +12042,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8090 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " @@ -12130,33 +12128,33 @@ msgid "" "Mcconville, David Mikula, David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David " "Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah " "Nas, Denis Jean, dennis straub, Dennis Whittle, Denver Gingerich, Derek " -"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane " -"K. Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La " -"Cruz, Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, " -"Dirk Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, " -"Dom Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique " -"Karadjian, Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, " -"Doug Hoover, Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. " -"Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C " -"Humphries, Eamon Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo " -"Belinchon, Eduardo Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, " -"Elad Wieder, Elar Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie " -"Calhoun, Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli " -"Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique " -"Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric " -"Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, " -"Erika Reid, Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan " -"Bousse, Erwin Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan " -"Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton " -"Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix " -"Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe " -"Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, " -"Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot " -"Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois " -"Grey, François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, " -"Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel " -"Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, " -"Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de " +"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane K. " +"Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La Cruz, " +"Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, Dirk " +"Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom " +"Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, " +"Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, " +"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " +"Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon " +"Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo " +"Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar " +"Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie Calhoun, Elizabeth " +"Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli Verhulst, Elroy " +"Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique Mandujano R., Eric " +"Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric Hellman, Eric " +"Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, Erika Reid, " +"Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan Bousse, Erwin " +"Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne " +"Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix " +"Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix " +"Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, " +"Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent " +"Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, " +"Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, " +"François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric " +"Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, " +"Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary " +"Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de " "Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George " "Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, " "Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, " @@ -12181,197 +12179,196 @@ msgid "" "James Chesky, James Cloos, James Docherty, James Ellars, James K Wood, James " "Tyler, Jamie Finlay, Jamie Stevens, Jamil Khatib, Jan E Ellison, Jan Gondol, " "Jan Sepp, Jan Zuppinger, Jane Finette, jane Lofton, Jane Mason, Jane Park, " -"Janos Kovacs, Jasmina Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu, Jason Cole, Jason " -"E. Barkeloo, Jason Hibbets, Jason Owen, Jason Sigal, Jay M Williams, Jazzy " -"Bear Brown, JC Lara, Jean-Baptiste Carré, Jean-Philippe Dufraigne, " -"Jean-Philippe Turcotte, Jean-Yves Hemlin, Jeanette Frey, Jeff Atwood, Jeff " -"De Cagna, Jeff Donoghue, Jeff Edwards, Jeff Hilnbrand, Jeff Lowe, Jeff " -"Rasalla, Jeff Ski Kinsey, Jeff Smith, Jeffrey L Tucker, Jeffrey Meyer, Jen " -"Garcia, Jens Erat, Jeppe Bager Skjerning, Jeremy Dudet, Jeremy Russell, " -"Jeremy Sabo, Jeremy Zauder, Jerko Grubisic, Jerome Glacken, Jérôme Mizeret, " -"Jessica Dickinson Goodman, Jessica Litman, Jessica Mackay, Jessy Kate " -"Schingler, Jesús Longás Gamarra, Jesus Marin, Jim Matt, Jim Meloy, Jim " -"O’Flaherty, Jim Pellegrini, Jim Tittsler, Jimmy Alenius, Jiří Marek, Jo " -"Allum, Joachim Brandon LeBlanc, Joachim Pileborg, Joachim von Goetz, Joakim " -"Bang Larsen, Joan Rieu, Joanna Penn, João Almeida, Jochen Muetsch, Jodi " -"Sandfort, Joe Cardillo, Joe Carpita, Joe Moross, Joerg Fricke, Johan Adda, " -"Johan Meeusen, Johannes Förstner, Johannes Visintini, John Benfield, John " -"Bevan, John C Patterson, John Crumrine, John Dimatos, John Feyler, John " -"Huntsman, John Manoogian III, John Muller, John Ober, John Paul Blodgett, " -"John Pearce, John Shale, John Sharp, John Simpson, John Sumser, John Weeks, " -"John Wilbanks, John Worland, Johnny Mayall, Jollean Matsen, Jon Alberdi, Jon " -"Andersen, Jon Cohrs, Jon Gotlin, Jon Schull, Jon Selmer Friborg, Jon Smith, " -"Jonas Öberg, Jonas Weitzmann, Jonathan Campbell, Jonathan Deamer, Jonathan " -"Holst, Jonathan Lin, Jonathan Schmid, Jonathan Yao, Jordon Kalilich, Jörg " -"Schwarz, Jose Antonio Gallego Vázquez, Joseph Mcarthur, Joseph Noll, Joseph " -"Sullivan, Joseph Tucker, Josh Bernhard, Josh Tong, Joshua Tobkin, JP " -"Rangaswami, Juan Carlos Belair, Juan Irming, Juan Pablo Carbajal, Juan Pablo " -"Marin Diaz, Judith Newman, Judy Tuan, Jukka Hellén, Julia Benson-Slaughter, " -"Julia Devonshire, Julian Fietkau, Julie Harboe, Julien Brossoit, Julien " -"Leroy, Juliet Chen, Julio Terra, Julius Mikkelä, Justin Christian, Justin " -"Grimes, Justin Jones, Justin Szlasa, Justin Walsh, JustinChung.com, " -"K. J. Przybylski, Kaloyan Raev, Kamil Śliwowski, Kaniska Padhi, Kara " -"Malenfant, Kara Monroe, Karen Pe, Karl Jahn, Karl Jonsson, Karl Nelson, " -"Kasia Zygmuntowicz, Kat Lim, Kate Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kathleen Beck, " -"Kathleen Hanrahan, Kathryn Abuzzahab, Kathryn Deiss, Kathryn Rose, Kathy " -"Payne, Katie Lynn Daniels, Katie Meek, Katie Teague, Katrina Hennessy, " -"Katriona Main, Kavan Antani, Keith Adams, Keith Berndtson, MD, Keith Luebke, " -"Kellie Higginbottom, Ken Friis Larsen, Ken Haase, Ken Torbeck, Kendel " -"Ratley, Kendra Byrne, Kerry Hicks, Kevin Brown, Kevin Coates, Kevin Flynn, " -"Kevin Rumon, Kevin Shannon, Kevin Taylor, Kevin Tostado, Kewhyun Kelly-Yuoh, " -"Kiane l’Azin, Kianosh Pourian, Kiran Kadekoppa, Kit Walsh, Klaus Mickus, " -"Konrad Rennert, Kris Kasianovitz, Kristian Lundquist, Kristin Buxton, " -"Kristina Popova, Kristofer Bratt, Kristoffer Steen, Kumar McMillan, Kurt " -"Whittemore, Kyle Pinches, Kyle Simpson, L Eaton, Lalo Martins, Lane " -"Rasberry, Larry Garfield, Larry Singer, Lars Josephsen, Lars Klaeboe, Laura " -"Anne Brown, Laura Billings, Laura Ferejohn, Lauren Pedersen, Laurence " -"Gonsalves, Laurent Muchacho, Laurie Racine, Laurie Reynolds, Lawrence " -"M. Schoen, Leandro Pangilinan, Leigh Verlandson, Lenka Gondolova, Leonardo " -"Bueno Postacchini, leonardo menegola, Lesley Mitchell, Leslie Krumholz, " -"Leticia Britos Cavagnaro, Levi Bostian, Leyla Acaroglu, Liisa Ummelas, Lilly " -"Kashmir Marques, Lior Mazliah, Lisa Bjerke, Lisa Brewster, Lisa Canning, " -"Lisa Cronin, Lisa Di Valentino, Lisandro Gaertner, Livia Leskovec, Liynn " -"Worldlaw, Liz Berg, Liz White, Logan Cox, Loki Carbis, Lora Lynn, Lorna " -"Prescott, Lou Yufan, Louie Amphlett, Louis-David Benyayer, Louise Denman, " -"Luca Corsato, Luca Lesinigo, Luca Palli, Luca Pianigiani, Luca S.G. de " -"Marinis, Lucas Lopez, Lukas Mathis, Luke Chamberlin, Luke Chesser, Luke " -"Woodbury, Lulu Tang, Lydia Pintscher, M Alexander Jurkat, Maarten Sander, " -"Macie J Klosowski, Magnus Adamsson, Magnus Killingberg, Mahmoud Abu-Wardeh, " -"Maik Schmalstich, Maiken HÃ¥varstein, Maira Sutton, Mairi Thomson, Mandy " -"Wultsch, Manickkavasakam Rajasekar, Marc Bogonovich, Marc Harpster, Marc " -"Martí, Marc Olivier Bastien, Marc Stober, Marc-André Martin, Marcel de " -"Leeuwe, Marcel Hill, Marcia Hofmann, Marcin Olender, Marco Massarotto, Marco " -"Montanari, Marco Morales, Marcos Medionegro, Marcus Bitzl, Marcus Norrgren, " -"Margaret Gary, Mari Moreshead, Maria Liberman, Marielle Hsu, Marino " -"Hernandez, Mario Lurig, Mario R. 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Rebelsky, Samuel Goëta, Samuel " +"Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, Samuel Tait, Sandra " +"Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay " +"Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara Rodriguez Marin, " +"Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah McGovern, Sarah " +"Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott " +"Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott " +"Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean " +"Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian " +"Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, " +"Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio " +"Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon " +"Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " +"Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, " +"Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, " +"Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, " +"Stanislav Trifonov, Stefan Dumont, Stefan Jansson, Stefan Langer, Stefan " +"Lindblad, Stefano Guidotti, Stefano Luzardi, Stephan Meißl, Stéphane " +"Wojewoda, Stephanie Pereira, Stephen Gates, Stephen Murphey, Stephen Pearce, " +"Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, " +"Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, " +"Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, " +"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " +"Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie " +"Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia " +"Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " +"Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner " +"Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry " +"Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, " +"Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas Hartman, " +"Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas Thrush, Thomas " +"Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim " +"Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy Arfsten, Timothy " +"Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, " +"Todd Brown, Todd Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom Bamford, Tom Caswell, Tom " +"Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom " +"Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, " +"Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey " +"James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey " +"Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo " +"Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika " +"Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria " +"Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S." +"Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia " +"Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, " +"Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William " "Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, " "William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, Wolfgang " "Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, Xueqi Li, " @@ -12379,3 +12376,12 @@ msgid "" "Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, " "ZeMarmot Open Movie" msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "Made with Creative Commons" +#~ msgstr "Gemacht mit Creative Commons" + +#~ msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" +#~ msgstr "Paul Stacey und Sarah Hichliff Pearson" + +#~ msgid "- David Foster Wallace" +#~ msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"