X-Git-Url: http://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/homepage.git/blobdiff_plain/d3629bcaf36448c154f9049edfa5fda76512d11a..0a21c33c2d20a8f2a09cd695789351b4da1f2e24:/blog/index.rss diff --git a/blog/index.rss b/blog/index.rss index 628f671909..07c95de149 100644 --- a/blog/index.rss +++ b/blog/index.rss @@ -6,6 +6,227 @@ http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/ + + What is the most supported MIME type in Debian in 2018? + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_in_2018_.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_in_2018_.html + Mon, 9 Jul 2018 08:05:00 +0200 + <p>Five years ago, +<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">I +measured what the most supported MIME type in Debian was</a>, by +analysing the desktop files in all packages in the archive. Since +then, the DEP-11 AppStream system has been put into production, making +the task a lot easier. This made me want to repeat the measurement, +to see how much things changed. Here are the new numbers, for +unstable only this time: + +<p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p> + +<pre> + count MIME type + ----- ----------------------- + 56 image/jpeg + 55 image/png + 49 image/tiff + 48 image/gif + 39 image/bmp + 38 text/plain + 37 audio/mpeg + 34 application/ogg + 33 audio/x-flac + 32 audio/x-mp3 + 30 audio/x-wav + 30 audio/x-vorbis+ogg + 29 image/x-portable-pixmap + 27 inode/directory + 27 image/x-portable-bitmap + 27 audio/x-mpeg + 26 application/x-ogg + 25 audio/x-mpegurl + 25 audio/ogg + 24 text/html +</pre> + +<p>The list was created like this using a sid chroot: "cat +/var/lib/apt/lists/*sid*_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz| zcat | awk '/^ +- \S+\/\S+$/ {print $2 }' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -20"</p> + +<p>It is interesting to see how image formats have passed text/plain +as the most announced supported MIME type. These days, thanks to the +AppStream system, if you run into a file format you do not know, and +want to figure out which packages support the format, you can find the +MIME type of the file using "file --mime &lt;filename&gt;", and then +look up all packages announcing support for this format in their +AppStream metadata (XML or .desktop file) using "appstreamcli +what-provides mimetype &lt;mime-type&gt;. For example if you, like +me, want to know which packages support inode/directory, you can get a +list like this:</p> + +<p><blockquote><pre> +% appstreamcli what-provides mimetype inode/directory | grep Package: | sort +Package: anjuta +Package: audacious +Package: baobab +Package: cervisia +Package: chirp +Package: dolphin +Package: doublecmd-common +Package: easytag +Package: enlightenment +Package: ephoto +Package: filelight +Package: gwenview +Package: k4dirstat +Package: kaffeine +Package: kdesvn +Package: kid3 +Package: kid3-qt +Package: nautilus +Package: nemo +Package: pcmanfm +Package: pcmanfm-qt +Package: qweborf +Package: ranger +Package: sirikali +Package: spacefm +Package: spacefm +Package: vifm +% +</pre></blockquote></p> + +<p>Using the same method, I can quickly discover that the Sketchup file +format is not yet supported by any package in Debian:</p> + +<p><blockquote><pre> +% appstreamcli what-provides mimetype application/vnd.sketchup.skp +Could not find component providing 'mimetype::application/vnd.sketchup.skp'. +% +</pre></blockquote></p> + +<p>Yesterday I used it to figure out which packages support the STL 3D +format:</p> + +<p><blockquote><pre> +% appstreamcli what-provides mimetype application/sla|grep Package +Package: cura +Package: meshlab +Package: printrun +% +</pre></blockquote></p> + +<p>PS: A new version of Cura was uploaded to Debian yesterday.</p> + +<p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my +activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address +<b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p> + + + + + Debian APT upgrade without enough free space on the disk... + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_APT_upgrade_without_enough_free_space_on_the_disk___.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_APT_upgrade_without_enough_free_space_on_the_disk___.html + Sun, 8 Jul 2018 12:10:00 +0200 + <p>Quite regularly, I let my Debian Sid/Unstable chroot stay untouch +for a while, and when I need to update it there is not enough free +space on the disk for apt to do a normal 'apt upgrade'. I normally +would resolve the issue by doing 'apt install &lt;somepackages&gt;' to +upgrade only some of the packages in one batch, until the amount of +packages to download fall below the amount of free space available. +Today, I had about 500 packages to upgrade, and after a while I got +tired of trying to install chunks of packages manually. I concluded +that I did not have the spare hours required to complete the task, and +decided to see if I could automate it. I came up with this small +script which I call 'apt-in-chunks':</p> + +<p><blockquote><pre> +#!/bin/sh +# +# Upgrade packages when the disk is too full to upgrade every +# upgradable package in one lump. Fetching packages to upgrade using +# apt, and then installing using dpkg, to avoid changing the package +# flag for manual/automatic. + +set -e + +ignore() { + if [ "$1" ]; then + grep -v "$1" + else + cat + fi +} + +for p in $(apt list --upgradable | ignore "$@" |cut -d/ -f1 | grep -v '^Listing...'); do + echo "Upgrading $p" + apt clean + apt install --download-only -y $p + for f in /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb; do + if [ -e "$f" ]; then + dpkg -i /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb + break + fi + done +done +</pre></blockquote></p> + +<p>The script will extract the list of packages to upgrade, try to +download the packages needed to upgrade one package, install the +downloaded packages using dpkg. The idea is to upgrade packages +without changing the APT mark for the package (ie the one recording of +the package was manually requested or pulled in as a dependency). To +use it, simply run it as root from the command line. If it fail, try +'apt install -f' to clean up the mess and run the script again. This +might happen if the new packages conflict with one of the old +packages. dpkg is unable to remove, while apt can do this.</p> + +<p>It take one option, a package to ignore in the list of packages to +upgrade. The option to ignore a package is there to be able to skip +the packages that are simply too large to unpack. Today this was +'ghc', but I have run into other large packages causing similar +problems earlier (like TeX).</p> + +<p>Update 2018-07-08: Thanks to Paul Wise, I am aware of two +alternative ways to handle this. The "unattended-upgrades +--minimal-upgrade-steps" option will try to calculate upgrade sets for +each package to upgrade, and then upgrade them in order, smallest set +first. It might be a better option than my above mentioned script. +Also, "aptutude upgrade" can upgrade single packages, thus avoiding +the need for using "dpkg -i" in the script above.</p> + +<p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my +activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address +<b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p> + + + + + The worlds only stone power plant? + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_worlds_only_stone_power_plant_.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_worlds_only_stone_power_plant_.html + Sat, 30 Jun 2018 10:35:00 +0200 + <p>So far, at least hydro-electric power, coal power, wind power, +solar power, and wood power are well known. Until a few days ago, I +had never heard of stone power. Then I learn about a quarry in a +mountain in +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremanger">Bremanger</a> i +Norway, where +<a href="https://www.bontrup.com/en/activities/raw-materials/bremanger-quarry/">the +Bremanger Quarry</a> company is extracting stone and dumping the stone +into a shaft leading to its shipping harbour. This downward movement +in this shaft is used to produce electricity. In short, it is using +falling rocks instead of falling water to produce electricity, and +according to its own statements it is producing more power than it is +using, and selling the surplus electricity to the Norwegian power +grid. I find the concept truly amazing. Is this the worlds only +stone power plant?</p> + +<p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my +activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address +<b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p> + + + Add-on to control the projector from within Kodi http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Add_on_to_control_the_projector_from_within_Kodi.html @@ -339,145 +560,5 @@ til min adresse - - First rough draft Norwegian and Spanish edition of the book Made with Creative Commons - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_rough_draft_Norwegian_and_Spanish_edition_of_the_book_Made_with_Creative_Commons.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_rough_draft_Norwegian_and_Spanish_edition_of_the_book_Made_with_Creative_Commons.html - Tue, 13 Mar 2018 13:00:00 +0100 - <p>I am working on publishing yet another book related to Creative -Commons. This time it is a book filled with interviews and histories -from those around the globe making a living using Creative -Commons.</p> - -<p>Yesterday, after many months of hard work by several volunteer -translators, the first draft of a Norwegian Bokmål edition of the book -<a href="https://madewith.cc">Made with Creative Commons from 2017</a> -was complete. The Spanish translation is also complete, while the -Dutch, Polish, German and Ukraine edition need a lot of work. Get in -touch if you want to help make those happen, or would like to -translate into your mother tongue.</p> - -<p>The whole book project started when -<a href="http://gwolf.org/node/4102">Gunnar Wolf announced</a> that he -was going to make a Spanish edition of the book. I noticed, and -offered some input on how to make a book, based on my experience with -translating the -<a href="https://www.lulu.com/shop/lawrence-lessig/fri-kultur/paperback/product-22441576.html">Free -Culture</a> and -<a href="https://debian-handbook.info/get/#norwegian">The Debian -Administrator's Handbook</a> books to Norwegian Bokmål. To make a -long story short, we ended up working on a Bokmål edition, and now the -first rough translation is complete, thanks to the hard work of -Ole-Erik Yrvin, Ingrid Yrvin, Allan Nordhøy and myself. The first -proof reading is almost done, and only the second and third proof -reading remains. We will also need to translate the 14 figures and -create a book cover. Once it is done we will publish the book on -paper, as well as in PDF, ePub and possibly Mobi formats.</p> - -<p>The book itself originates as a manuscript on Google Docs, is -downloaded as ODT from there and converted to Markdown using pandoc. -The Markdown is modified by a script before is converted to DocBook -using pandoc. The DocBook is modified again using a script before it -is used to create a Gettext POT file for translators. The translated -PO file is then combined with the earlier mentioned DocBook file to -create a translated DocBook file, which finally is given to dblatex to -create the final PDF. The end result is a set of editions of the -manuscript, one English and one for each of the translations.</p> - -<p>The translation is conducted using -<a href="https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/">the -Weblate web based translation system</a>. Please have a look there -and get in touch if you would like to help out with proof -reading. :)</p> - -<p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my -activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address -<b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p> - - - - - Debian used in the subway info screens in Oslo, Norway - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_used_in_the_subway_info_screens_in_Oslo__Norway.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_used_in_the_subway_info_screens_in_Oslo__Norway.html - Fri, 2 Mar 2018 13:10:00 +0100 - <p>Today I was pleasantly surprised to discover my operating system of -choice, Debian, was used in the info screens on the subway stations. -While passing Nydalen subway station in Oslo, Norway, I discovered the -info screen booting with some text scrolling. I was not quick enough -with my camera to be able to record a video of the scrolling boot -screen, but I did get a photo from when the boot got stuck with a -corrupt file system: - -<p align="center"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2018-03-02-ruter-debian-lenny.jpeg"><img align="center" width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2018-03-02-ruter-debian-lenny.jpeg" alt="[photo of subway info screen]"></a></p> - -<p>While I am happy to see Debian used more places, some details of the -content on the screen worries me.</p> - -<p>The image show the version booting is 'Debian GNU/Linux lenny/sid', -indicating that this is based on code taken from Debian Unstable/Sid -after Debian Etch (version 4) was released 2007-04-08 and before -Debian Lenny (version 5) was released 2009-02-14. Since Lenny Debian -has released version 6 (Squeeze) 2011-02-06, 7 (Wheezy) 2013-05-04, 8 -(Jessie) 2015-04-25 and 9 (Stretch) 2017-06-15, according to -<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian_version_history">a Debian -version history on Wikpedia</a>. This mean the system is running -around 10 year old code, with no security fixes from the vendor for -many years.</p> - -<p>This is not the first time I discover the Oslo subway company, -Ruter, running outdated software. In 2012, -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Er_billettautomatene_til_kollektivtrafikken_i_Oslo_uten_sikkerhetsoppdateringer_.html">I -discovered the ticket vending machines were running Windows 2000</a>, -and this was -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Fortsatt_ingen_sikkerhetsoppdateringer_for_billettautomatene_til_kollektivtrafikken_i_Oslo_.html">still -the case in 2016</a>. Given the response from the responsible people -in 2016, I would assume the machines are still running unpatched -Windows 2000. Thus, an unpatched Debian setup come as no surprise.</p> - -<p>The photo is made available under the license terms -<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons -4.0 Attribution International (CC BY 4.0)</a>.</p> - -<p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my -activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address -<b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p> - - - - - The SysVinit upstream project just migrated to git - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_SysVinit_upstream_project_just_migrated_to_git.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_SysVinit_upstream_project_just_migrated_to_git.html - Sun, 18 Feb 2018 09:20:00 +0100 - <p>Surprising as it might sound, there are still computers using the -traditional Sys V init system, and there probably will be until -systemd start working on Hurd and FreeBSD. -<a href="https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/sysvinit">The upstream -project still exist</a>, though, and up until today, the upstream -source was available from Savannah via subversion. I am happy to -report that this just changed.</p> - -<p>The upstream source is now in Git, and consist of three -repositories:</p> - -<ul> - -<li><a href="http://git.savannah.nongnu.org/cgit/sysvinit.git">sysvinit</a></li> -<li><a href="http://git.savannah.nongnu.org/cgit/sysvinit/insserv.git">insserv</a></li> -<li><a href="http://git.savannah.nongnu.org/cgit/sysvinit/startpar.git">startpar</a></li> - -</ul> - -<p>I do not really spend much time on the project these days, and I -has mostly retired, but found it best to migrate the source to a good -version control system to help those willing to move it forward.</p> - -<p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my -activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address -<b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p> - - -