X-Git-Url: http://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/homepage.git/blobdiff_plain/98f7aa4bfbece7c6a013f5945eda6b7f17d78b51..ebc2683561f253832ddd59949f0fc39e1f522415:/blog/index.rss diff --git a/blog/index.rss b/blog/index.rss index eae164863e..62cb9e0fc6 100644 --- a/blog/index.rss +++ b/blog/index.rss @@ -7,588 +7,830 @@ - Of course USA looses in cyber war - NSA and friends made sure it would happen - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Of_course_USA_looses_in_cyber_war___NSA_and_friends_made_sure_it_would_happen.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Of_course_USA_looses_in_cyber_war___NSA_and_friends_made_sure_it_would_happen.html - Fri, 19 Dec 2014 13:10:00 +0100 - <p>So, Sony caved in -(<a href="https://twitter.com/RobLowe/status/545338568512917504">according -to Rob Lowe</a>) and demonstrated that America lost its first cyberwar -(<a href="https://twitter.com/newtgingrich/status/545339074975109122">according -to Newt Gingrich</a>). It should not surprise anyone, after the -whistle blower Edward Snowden documented that the government of USA -and their allies for many years have done their best to make sure the -technology used by its citizens is filled with security holes allowing -the secret services to spy on its own population. No one in their -right minds could believe that the ability to snoop on the people all -over the globe could only be used by the personnel authorized to do so -by the president of the United States of America. If the capabilities -are there, they will be used by friend and foe alike, and now they are -being used to bring Sony on its knees.</p> - -<p>I doubt it will a lesson learned, and expect USA to loose its next -cyber war too, given how eager the western intelligence communities -(and probably the non-western too, but it is less in the news) seem to -be to continue its current dragnet surveillance practice.</p> - -<p>There is a reason why China and others are trying to move away from -Windows to Linux and other alternatives, and it is not to avoid -sending its hard earned dollars to Cayman Islands (or whatever -<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_haven">tax haven</a> -Microsoft is using these days to collect the majority of its -income. :)</p> + Graphing the Norwegian company ownership structure + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Graphing_the_Norwegian_company_ownership_structure.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Graphing_the_Norwegian_company_ownership_structure.html + Mon, 15 Jun 2015 14:00:00 +0200 + <p>It is a bit work to figure out the ownership structure of companies +in Norway. The information is publicly available, but one need to +recursively look up ownership for all owners to figure out the complete +ownership graph of a given set of companies. To save me the work in +the future, I wrote a script to do this automatically, outputting the +ownership structure using the Graphviz/dotty format. The data source +is web scraping from <a href="http://www.proff.no/">Proff</a>, because +I failed to find a useful source directly from the official keepers of +the ownership data, <a href="http://www.brreg.no/">Brønnøysundsregistrene</a>.</p> + +<p>To get an owner ship graph for a set of companies, fetch +<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/brreg-norway-ownership-graph">the code from git</a> and run it using the organisation number. I'm +using the Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet as an example here, as its +ownership structure is very simple:</p> + +<pre> +% time ./bin/eierskap-dotty 958033540 > dagbladet.dot + +real 0m2.841s +user 0m0.184s +sys 0m0.036s +% +</pre> + +<p>The script accept several organisation numbers on the command line, +allowing a cluster of companies to be graphed in the same image. The +resulting dot file for the example above look like this. The edges +are labeled with the ownership percentage, and the nodes uses the +organisation number as their name and the name as the label:</p> + +<pre> +digraph ownership { +rankdir = LR; +"Aller Holding A/s" -> "910119877" [label="100%"] +"910119877" -> "998689015" [label="100%"] +"998689015" -> "958033540" [label="99%"] +"974530600" -> "958033540" [label="1%"] +"958033540" [label="AS DAGBLADET"] +"998689015" [label="Berner Media Holding AS"] +"974530600" [label="Dagbladets Stiftelse"] +"910119877" [label="Aller Media AS"] +} +</pre> + +<p>To view the ownership graph, run "<tt>dotty dagbladet.dot</tt>" or +convert it to a PNG using "<tt>dot -T png dagbladet.dot > +dagbladet.png</tt>". This is the result can be seen below:</p> + +<img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-15-ownership-graphs-norway-dagbladet.png" width="80%"> + +<p>Note that I suspect the "Aller Holding A/S" entry to be incorrect +data in the official ownership register, as that name is not +registered in the official company register for Norway. The ownership +register is sensitive to typos and there seem to be no strict checking +of the ownership links.</p> + +<p>Let me know if you improve the script or find better data sources. +The code is licensed according to GPL 2 or newer.</p> - Klarer ikke Microsoft å holde på hemmeligheter? - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Klarer_ikke_Microsoft___holde_p__hemmeligheter_.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Klarer_ikke_Microsoft___holde_p__hemmeligheter_.html - Thu, 18 Dec 2014 10:10:00 +0100 - <p>Må Microsoft virkelig ha hjelp av unger for å holde på -hemmelighetene sine?</p> - -<p>I dag kom det en fascinerende artikkel i Aftenposten om -<a href="http://www.osloby.no/nyheter/Microsoft-ba-om-a-fa-bruke-bilder-og-video-av-barna-dine-7831036.html">hva -Microsoft har foreslått at foreldre går med på</a> for å la ungene -delta på <a href="http://www.kidsakoder.no/">Lær kidsa koding</a> på -skolen. De ber foreldrene om å få bruke bilder og video av ungene -kommersielt og gratis i all fremtid, hvilket var så drøyt at -Arbeiderpartiets bystyrerepresentant -<a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_Anders_Langerød">Per Anders -Torvik Langerød</a> tok opp saken opp under bystyrets muntlige -spørretime onsdag. Resultatet av dette er at Microsoft har trukket -tilbake teksten i samtykkeerklæringen og kommunikasjonsdirektør -Christine Korme i Microsoft sier i artikkelen at «Vi vil presentere en -ny erklæring som gjør det helt klart i hvilken forbindelse materialet -skal brukes, altså ikke-kommersielt», hvilket jo er fint. Jeg lurer -virkelig på hvordan teksten kunne slippe ut til foreldrene i første -omgang. Her har noen på skolen ikke fulgt med i timen, eller mangler -grunnleggende personverntrening.</p> - -<p>Men bildet av samtykkeerklæringen inneholder også en annen -problematisk klausul, som ikke omtales overhodet i -Aftenposten-artikkelen. Neste punkt i erklæringen lyder:</p> - -<p><blockquote> -«Du aksepterer ikke å bruke eller videreformidle til en tredjepart -noen hemmelige eller fortrolige opplysninger som gis av Microsoft i -løpet av elevens deltagelse.» -</blockquote></p> - -<p>Mener Microsoft virkelig at foreldre og barn skal ta ansvar for at -Microsoft ikke klarer å holde hemmelig og fortrolig informasjon for -seg selv når de besøker en offentlig norsk skole? Jeg ville nektet -plent å signert på en avtale med en slik klausul, da det er Microsofts -ansvar å holde på sine hemmeligheter, og ikke noe mine barn og min -familie tar på oss erstatningsansvar for hvis de kommer på avveie.</p> - -<p>Jeg lurer på om noen har fått se den nye samtykkeerklæringen? -Inneholder den fortsatt klausul om hemmelighold? Hvor mange er det -som hittil har signert på den gamle samtykkeerklæringen? Hvor har den -vært brukt? Savnet svar på disse spørsmålene i artikkelen, da de som -har signert på den gamle vel vil være bundet av den selv om ingen -flere signerer på den.</p> - -<p>Lær kidsa koding er et glimrende initiativ, og jeg skulle ønske -noen av <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">foreningen NUUGs</a> medlemmer -hadde kapasitet til å delta i initiativet på NUUGs vegne. Selv tar -jobb, familie og eksisterende prosjekter allerede all tid. Slik -Microsoft tydeligvis holder på er det behov for noen med et annet syn -på livet som bidragsyter her.</p> + Measuring and adjusting the loudness of a TV channel using bs1770gain + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html + Thu, 11 Jun 2015 13:40:00 +0200 + <p>Television loudness is the source of frustration for viewers +everywhere. Some channels are very load, others are less loud, and +ads tend to shout very high to get the attention of the viewers, and +the viewers do not like this. This fact is well known to the TV +channels. See for example the BBC white paper +"<a href="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp/whp-pdf-files/WHP202.pdf">Terminology +for loudness and level dBTP, LU, and all that</a>" from 2011 for a +summary of the problem domain. To better address the need for even +loadness, the TV channels got together several years ago to agree on a +new way to measure loudness in digital files as one step in +standardizing loudness. From this came the ITU-R standard BS.1770, +"<a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BS.1770/en">Algorithms to +measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level</a>".</p> + +<p>The ITU-R BS.1770 specification describe an algorithm to measure +loadness in LUFS (Loudness Units, referenced to Full Scale). But +having a way to measure is not enough. To get the same loudness +across TV channels, one also need to decide which value to standardize +on. For European TV channels, this was done in the EBU Recommondaton +R128, "<a href="https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/r/r128.pdf">Loudness +normalisation and permitted maximum level of audio signals</a>", which +specifies a recommended level of -23 LUFS. In Norway, I have been +told that NRK, TV2, MTG and SBS have decided among themselves to +follow the R128 recommondation for playout from 2016-03-01.</p> + +<p>There are free software available to measure and adjust the loudness +level using the LUFS. In Debian, I am aware of a library named +<a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/libebur128">libebur128</a> +able to measure the loudness and since yesterday morning a new binary +named <a href="http://bs1770gain.sourceforge.net">bs1770gain</a> +capable of both measuring and adjusting was uploaded and is waiting +for NEW processing. I plan to maintain the latter in Debian under the +<a href="https://qa.debian.org/developer.php?email=pkg-multimedia-maintainers%40lists.alioth.debian.org">Debian +multimedia</a> umbrella.</p> + +<p>The free software based TV channel I am involved in, +<a href="http://www.frikanalen.no/">Frikanalen</a>, plan to follow the +R128 recommondation ourself as soon as we can adjust the software to +do so, and the bs1770gain tool seem like a good fit for that part of +the puzzle to measure loudness on new video uploaded to Frikanalen. +Personally, I plan to use bs1770gain to adjust the loudness of videos +I upload to Frikanalen on behalf of <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">the +NUUG member organisation</a>. The program seem to be able to measure +the LUFS value of any media file handled by ffmpeg, but I've only +successfully adjusted the LUFS value of WAV files. I suspect it +should be able to adjust it for all the formats handled by ffmpeg.</p> - Opphavsretts-status for «Empty Socks» fra 1927? - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Opphavsretts_status_for__Empty_Socks__fra_1927_.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Opphavsretts_status_for__Empty_Socks__fra_1927_.html - Fri, 12 Dec 2014 14:30:00 +0100 - <p>For noen dager siden -<a href="http://www.nb.no/Hva-skjer/Aktuelt/Nyheter/Tapt-filmskatt-fra-Disney-funnet-i-Nasjonalbiblioteket">annonserte -Nasjonalbiblioteket gladnyheten</a> om at de i sine arkiver hadde -funnet et nitratfilm-eksemplar av en 87 år gammel Disney-film ved navn -Empty Socks, en film som tidligere var antatt tapt og der det i følge -nyhetsmeldinger var kun ca. 25 sekunder bevart for ettertiden. -Nasjonalbiblioteket hadde 5 minutter og 30 sekunder av filmen i sitt -magasin. Dette er flott for bevaringen av verdens kulturarv. 5,5 -minutter mindre tapt enn vi trodde av vår felles historie.</p> - -<p>Men hvordan kunne filmen gå tapt, når arkivlovene i USA krevde at -publiserte filmer på den tiden ble deponert i bibliotek? Forklaringen -har jeg fra Lawrence Lessig og boken -<a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture</a>, som jeg holder på -<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">å -oversette til norsk</a>:</p> + Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale med MPEG LA? + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html + Wed, 10 Jun 2015 15:20:00 +0200 + <p>Helt siden jeg i 2012 fikk beskjed fra MPEG LA om at +<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_mener_NRK_m__ha_avtale_med_dem_for___kringkaste_og_publisere_H_264_video.html">NRK +trengte patentavtale med dem</a> hvis de distribuerte H.264-video til +sluttbrukere, har jeg lurt på hva som gjør at NRK ikke har slik +avtale. For noen dager siden fikk jeg endelig gjort noe med min +undring, og sendte 2015-05-28 følgende epost til info (at) nrk.no med +tittel "Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale +med MPEG LA?":</p> + +<p><blockquote> +<p>Jeg lurer på en ting rundt NRKs bruk av H.264-video på sine +websider samt distribusjon via RiksTV og kabel-TV. Har NRK vurdert om +det er behov for en patentavtale med +<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/">MPEG LA</a> slik det står i +programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe +Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X?</p> + +<p>Hvis dere har vurdert dette, hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering?</p> + +<p>Hvis dere ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet +for patentavtale?</p> + +<p>I følge en artikkel på +<a href="https://nrkbeta.no/2012/02/01/siste-kutt-for-final-cut/">NRK +Beta i 2012</a> har NRK brukt eller testet både Apple Final Cut +Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X til bruk +for å redigere video før sending. Alle disse har bruksvilkår +understøttet av opphavsretten som sier at de kun kan brukes til å lage +filmer til personlig og ikke-kommersiell bruk - med mindre en har en +lisensavtale med MPEG LA om bruk av patenter utstedt i USA for H.264. +Se f.eks. <a href="http://www.avid.com/static/resources/common/documents/corporate/LICENSE.pdf">bruksvilkårene for Avid</a>, <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20000101-264.html">Adobe Premiere</a> og <a href="http://images.apple.com/legal/sla/docs/finalcutstudio2.pdf">Apple Final +Cut Studio</a> og søk etter "MPEG LA".</p> + +<p>Dette får meg til å lure på om det er brudd på opphavsretten å bruke +disse verktøyene i strid med bruksvilkårene uten patentavtale med MPEG +LA. Men NRK bruker jo tilsynelatende disse verktøyene uten patentavtale +med MPEG LA.</p> + +<p>I følge forfatteren av Open Broadcast Encoder finnes det to typer +H.264-relaterte avtaler en kan få med MPEG LA. Det er én for å lage +programvare og utstyr som produserer H.264-video, og en annen for å +kringkaste video som bruker H.264. Dette forteller meg at selv om +produsentene av utstyr og programvare som NRK bruker har en slik avtale +med MPEG LA, så trenges det en egen avtale for å kringkaste video på det +formatet.</p> + +<p>I følge Ryan Rodriguez hos MPEG LA, da jeg spurte ham på epost i +juni 2012, har NRK ikke en slik avtale med MPEG LA. Han sa videre at +NRK trenger en slik avtale hvis NRK tilbyr H.264-kodet video til +sluttbrukere. Jeg sjekket listen med +<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/Licensees.aspx">organisasjoner +med avtale med MPEG LA</a> og NRK står fortsatt ikke der.</p> + +<p>Jeg lurer dermed på hva som gjør at NRK kan bruke de overnevnte +videoredigeringsverktøyene, som tilsynelatende har krav om avtale med +MPEG LA for å kunne brukes slik NRK bruker dem, til å lage videofiler +for distribusjon uten å ha en avtale med MPEG LA om distribusjon av +H.264-video? Dette er spesielt interessant å vite for oss andre som +også vurderer å spre H.264-video etter å ha redigert dem med disse mye +brukte videoredigeringsverktøyene.</p> +</blockquote></p> + +<p>Samme dag fikk jeg automatisk svar om at min henvendelse hadde fått +saksid 1294699. Jeg fikk deretter følgende respons fra NRK +2015-06-09:</p> <p><blockquote> -<p>Dette er delvis på grunn av loven. Opphavsrettseiere var tidlig i - amerikansk opphavsrettslov nødt til å deponere kopier av sine verk i - biblioteker. Disse kopiene skulle både sikre spredning av kunnskap, - og sikre at det fantes en kopi av verket tilgjengelig når vernetiden - utløp, slik at andre kunne få tilgang til og kopiere verket.</p> - -<p>Disse reglene gjaldt også for filmer. Men i 1915 gjorde - kongressbiblioteket et unntak for film. Filmer kunne bli - opphavsrettsbeskyttet så lenge det ble gjort slik deponering. Men - filmskaperne fikk så lov til å låne tilbake de deponerte filmene - - så lenge de ville uten noe kostnad. Bare i 1915 var det mer enn 5475 - filmer deponert og “lånt tilbake”. Dermed var det ikke noe eksemplar - i noe bibliotek når vernetiden til filmen utløp. Eksemplaret - eksisterer - hvis den finnes i det hele tatt - i arkivbiblioteket - til filmselskapet.</p> +<p>Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som kunne +svare på dette.</p> + +<p>For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks +NRKs nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike +tjenester uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd +noen patentavtale.</p> + +<p><a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</a></p> + +<p>Med vennlig hilsen +<br>Gunn Helen Berg +<br>Informasjonskonsulent, Publikumsservice</p> + +<p>NRK +<br>Strategidivisjonen +<Br>Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00 +<br>Post: NRK Publikumsservice, 8608 Mo i Rana +<br>nrk.no / info (at) nrk.no</p> </blockquote></p> -<p>Nyheten gjorde meg nysgjerrig på om filmen kunne være falt i det -fri. En 87 år gammel film kunne jo tenkes å ha blitt en del av -allemannseiet, slik at vi alle kan bruke den til å bygge videre på vår -felles kultur uten å måtte be om tillatelse - slik Walt Disney gjorde -det i starten av sin karriere. Jeg spurte nasjonalbiblioteket, og de -sa nei. Hvordan kan det ha seg med en så gammel film? Jeg besteme -meg for å undersøke nærmere. En kan finne informasjon om den norske -vernetiden på -<a href="https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1961-05-12-2">Lovdata</a> -og </a>Wikipedia</A>. Her er et relevant <a -href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opphavsrett#Vernetid">utsnitt fra -siden om opphavsrett i den norske Wikipedia</a>:</p> +Da dette ikke helt var svar på det jeg lurte på, sendte jeg samme dag +oppfølgerepost tilbake: <p><blockquote> - Ifølge åndsverkloven §§ 40-41 utløper vernetiden for et åndsverk 70 - år etter utløpet av opphavspersonens dødsår. [...] For filmverk - gjelder særlige regler: Her kommer ikke alle mulige opphavspersoner - i betraktning, men kun hovedregissøren, manusforfatteren, - dialogforfatteren og komponisten av filmmusikken. Vernetiden - begynner å løpe etter utgangen av dødsåret til den lengstlevende av - disse. [...] Der opphavspersonen er ukjent, utløper opphavsretten 70 - år etter første kjente offentliggjørelse av verket. Det er kun de - økonomiske rettighetene som faller bort i det vernetiden er - utløpt. De ideelle rettighetene må fortsatt respekteres, noe som - blant annet innebærer at man plikter å navngi opphavspersonen ved - tilgjengeliggjøring. +<p>[Gunn Helen Berg] +<br>> Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som +<br>> kunne svare på dette.</p> + +<p>Takk for svar. Men det besvarte ikke helt det jeg spurte om.</p> + +<p>> For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks NRKs +<br>> nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike tjenester +<br>> uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd noen +<br>> patentavtale. +<br>> +<br>> http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</p> + +<p>Spørsmålet er ikke kun om MPEG LA krever patentavtale eller ikke +(hvilket ikke helt besvares av pressemeldingen omtalt over, gitt at +pressemeldingen kom i 2010, to år før MPEG LA ansvarlige for +internasjonal lisensiering egen Ryan Rodriguez fortalte meg på epost +at NRK trenger en lisens.</p> + +<p>Det er uklart fra pressemeldingen hva "Internet Broadcast AVC +Video" konkret betyr, men i følge en +<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">presentasjon +fra MPEG LA med tema "AVC PAtent Portfoli License Briefing" datert +2015-05-15</a> gjelder "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" kun kringkasting +på Internet som ikke tilbyr valg av enkeltinnslag ("not +title-by-title"), hvilket jo NRK gjør på sine nettsider. I tillegg +kringkaster jo NRK H.264-video også utenom Internet (RiksTV, kabel, +satelitt), hvilket helt klart ikke er dekket av vilkårene omtalt i +pressemeldingen.</p> + +<p>Spørsmålet mitt er hvordan NRK kan bruke verktøy med bruksvilkår +som krever avtale med MPEG LA for det NRK bruker dem til, når NRK ikke +har avtale med MPEG LA. Hvis jeg forsto spørsmålet riktig, så mener +NRK at dere ikke trenger avtale med MPEG LA, men uten slik avtale kan +dere vel ikke bruke hverken Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere +Pro, Avid eller Apples Final Cut Pro X for å redigere video før +sending?</p> + +<p>Mine konkrete spørsmål var altså:</p> + +<ul> + +<li>Hvis NRK har vurdert om det er behov for en patentavtale med MPEG LA + slik det er krav om i programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple + Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X, + hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering? Kan jeg få kopi av vurderingen + hvis den er gjort skriftlig?</li> + +<li>Hvis NRK ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet + for patentavtale?</li> + +<li>Hva slags saksnummer fikk min henvendelse i NRKs offentlige + postjournal? Jeg ser at postjournalen ikke er publisert for den + aktuelle perioden ennå, så jeg fikk ikke sjekket selv.</li> + +</ul> </blockquote></p> -<p>I følge nettstedet -<a href="http://www.disneyshorts.org/shorts.aspx?shortID=75">The -Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts</a> er følgende personer gitt -æren for denne kortfilmen:</p> - -<dl> - -<dt>Regissør</dt> -<dd><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney">Walt Disney</a> (1901-12-05 – 1966-12-15) +70 år = 2037</dd> - -<dt>Animasjon -<dd><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ub_Iwerks">Ub Iwerks</a> (1901-03-24 – 1971-07-07) +70 år = 2042 -<br><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollin_Hamilton">Rollin "Ham" Hamilton</a> (1898-10-28 - 1951-06-03) +70 år = 2022 -<br><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harman_and_Ising">Hugh Harman</a> (1903-08-31 – 1982-11-25) +70 år = 2053</dd> - -<dt>Kamera -<dd>Mike Marcus (?-?)</dd> - -</dl> - -<p>Alle fødsels- og dødsdatoene er fra engelske Wikipedia. Det er -ikke oppgitt navn på manusforfatter, dialogforfatter og komponist, men -jeg mistenker at tegnerne vil få opphavsrettigheter på tegnefilmer her -i Norge, og tar derfor med disse. Kameramannen vil ikke få noen -rettigheter så vidt jeg forstår, og er derfor ignorert her.</p> - -<p>Slik jeg forstår den norske opphavsretten vil dermed dette -filmverket bli allemannseie (også kalt å falle i det fri) i 2053, 126 -år etter at det ble utgitt. Hvis kun regissørens rettigheter er -relevante, vil det skje i 2037, 110 år etter at det ble utgitt. Etter -det vil enhver kunne dele det med alle de har lyst til, fremføre det -offentlig eller klippe og lime i det for å lage sin egen film basert -på det - helt uten å måtte spørre noen om lov.</p> - -<p>Måtte så Nasjonalbiblioteket spørre om lov før de kunne kopiere -sitt nitrat-eksemplar over på mer varig format? Nei, heldigvis. -Åndsverklovens § 16 sier at arkiv, bibliotek, museer og undervisnings- -og forskningsinstitusjoner har rett til å fremstille eksemplar av verk -for konserverings- og sikringsformål og andre særskilte formål.</p> - - - - - How to stay with sysvinit in Debian Jessie - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_stay_with_sysvinit_in_Debian_Jessie.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_stay_with_sysvinit_in_Debian_Jessie.html - Sat, 22 Nov 2014 01:00:00 +0100 - <p>By now, it is well known that Debian Jessie will not be using -sysvinit as its boot system by default. But how can one keep using -sysvinit in Jessie? It is fairly easy, and here are a few recipes, -courtesy of -<a href="http://www.vitavonni.de/blog/201410/2014102101-avoiding-systemd.html">Erich -Schubert</a> and -<a href="http://smcv.pseudorandom.co.uk/2014/still_universal/">Simon -McVittie</a>. - -<p>If you already are using Wheezy and want to upgrade to Jessie and -keep sysvinit as your boot system, create a file -<tt>/etc/apt/preferences.d/use-sysvinit</tt> with this content before -you upgrade:</p> - -<p><blockquote><pre> -Package: systemd-sysv -Pin: release o=Debian -Pin-Priority: -1 -</pre></blockquote><p> - -<p>This file content will tell apt and aptitude to not consider -installing systemd-sysv as part of any installation and upgrade -solution when resolving dependencies, and thus tell it to avoid -systemd as a default boot system. The end result should be that the -upgraded system keep using sysvinit.</p> - -<p>If you are installing Jessie for the first time, there is no way to -get sysvinit installed by default (debootstrap used by -debian-installer have no option for this), but one can tell the -installer to switch to sysvinit before the first boot. Either by -using a kernel argument to the installer, or by adding a line to the -preseed file used. First, the kernel command line argument: - -<p><blockquote><pre> -preseed/late_command="in-target apt-get install --purge -y sysvinit-core" -</pre></blockquote><p> - -<p>Next, the line to use in a preseed file:</p> - -<p><blockquote><pre> -d-i preseed/late_command string in-target apt-get install -y sysvinit-core -</pre></blockquote><p> - -<p>One can of course also do this after the first boot by installing -the sysvinit-core package.</p> - -<p>I recommend only using sysvinit if you really need it, as the -sysvinit boot sequence in Debian have several hardware specific bugs -on Linux caused by the fact that it is unpredictable when hardware -devices show up during boot. But on the other hand, the new default -boot system still have a few rough edges I hope will be fixed before -Jessie is released.</p> - -<p>Update 2014-11-26: Inspired by -<ahref="https://www.mirbsd.org/permalinks/wlog-10-tg_e20141125-tg.htm#e20141125-tg_wlog-10-tg">a -blog post by Torsten Glaser</a>, added --purge to the preseed -line.</p> +<p>Det hjelper å ha funnet rette vedkommende i NRK, for denne gangen +fikk jeg svar tilbake dagen etter (2015-06-10), fra Geir Børdalen i +NRK:</p> + +<p><blockquote> +<p>Hei Petter Reinholdtsen</p> + +<p>Jeg har sjekket saken med distribusjonssjef for tv, Arild Hellgren +(som var teknologidirektør da bakkenettet ble satt opp). NRK v/ +Hellgren hadde møte med MPEG LA sammen med den europeiske +kringkastingsunionen EBU før bakkenettet for TV ble satt opp +(igangsatt høsten 2007). I dette møtet ble det avklart at NRK/EBU ikke +trengte noen patentavtale for h.264 i forbindelse med oppsett av +bakkenettet eller bruk av MPEG4 h.264 som kompresjonsalgoritme fordi +tjenesten «in full»(nor: helt) var betalt av utsendelseselskapene og +ikke av forbrukerne.</p> + +<p><a href="http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555">http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555</a></p> + +<p>Det er også klart slått fast at selskaper som leverer video basert +på MPEG4 h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett, heller ikke påkrevd noen +patentavtale – så lenge de leverer slike tjenester uten betaling fra +sluttbrukere.</p> + +<a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</a> + +<p>“MPEG LA announced today that its AVC Patent Portfolio License will +continue not to charge royalties for Internet Video that is free to +end users (known as “Internet Broadcast AVC Video”) during the entire +life of this License. MPEG LA previously announced it would not charge +royalties for such video through December 31, 2015 (see +<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf</a>), +and today’s announcement makes clear that royalties will continue not +to be charged for such video beyond that time. Products and services +other than Internet Broadcast AVC Video continue to be +royalty-bearing.”</p> + +<p>Vi har derfor ikke noe behov for å vurdere noen patentavtale med +MPEG LA.</p> + +<p>Understreker for øvrig at NRK ikke er låst til MPEG4 – h.264 som +utsendelsesformat – og at vi har brukt og bruker flere andre +alternativer i våre tjenester. Ulike «devicer» har ofte behov for +forskjellige løsninger – og NRK har forsøkt å levere med best mulig +kvalitet /økonomi /stabilitet avhengig av +plattform. Produksjonsformater i NRK spenner for øvrig over en rekke +forskjellige formater – hvor MPEG4 bare er en av disse. Når NRK kjøper +teknisk utstyr er betaling for kodekstøtte ofte en del av +anskaffelsesprisen for denne maskinvaren (enten dette er spesialiserte +enkodere eller forskjellige typer produksjonsutstyr).</p> + +<p>Vennlig hilsen +<br>Geir Børdalen</p> + +<p>________________________________________ +<br>Geir Børdalen +<br>Investeringsansvarlig NRK / Hovedprosjektleder - Origo +<br>Avdeling for utvikling, innovasjon, investering og eiendom +<br>NRK medietjenester +<br>Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00 +<br>Post: NRK, AUTV (RBM5), Pb. 8500 Majorstuen, 0340 Oslo +<br>nrk.no +</blockquote></p> + +<p>Et godt og grundig svar, som var informativt om hvordan NRK tenker +rundt patentavtale med MPEG LA, men heller ikke helt besvarte det jeg +lurte på, så jeg sendte epostoppfølging samme dag.</p> + +<p><blockquote> +<p>[Geir Børdalen] +<br>> Hei Petter Reinholdtsen</p> + +<p>Hei, og takk for raskt svar. Er min henvendelse journalført slik +at den dukker opp i NRKs postjournal?</p> + +<p>Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du skriver +at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via bakkenettet +gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge. Hvilke saksnummer fikk dokumenter +som ble opprettet i forbindelse med det omtalte møtet NRK v/Hellgren +og EBU hadde med MPEG LA (dvs. referater, avtaler, etc), +f.eks. dokumentet der formuleringen "in full" som du omtaler +finnes?<p> + +<p>Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår. Det ene er +hvorfor NRKs forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" dekker +ser ut til å avvike fra det som presenteres i +<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">lysark +fra MPEG LA</a> i mai, der MPEG LA på lysark med overskriften +"AVC/H.264 License Terms Participation Fees" og undertittel "Where +remuneration is from other sources" skriver "Internet Broadcast AVC +Video (not title-by-title, not subscription) – no royalty for life of +the AVC Patent Portfolio License".</p> + +<p>Her leser jeg MPEG LA dithen at det kun er kringkasting uten +abonnement via Internet som er dekket at vilkårne omtalt i +pressemeldingen, mens jeg forstår deg dithen at NRK mener NRKs +nettsider som også har enkeltfilmer og innslag (som jeg forstår dekket +av formuleringen "title-by-title") dekkes av "Internet Broadcast AVC +Video" fra MPEG LA. Hva baserer dere denne tolkningen på? Jeg har +ikke sett noe skriftlig fra MPEG LA som støtter NRKs tolkning, og +lurer på om dere har andre kilder enn den pressemeldingen fra 5 år +tilbake, der NRKS forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" +dekker er beskrevet?</p> + +<p>Det andre er at eposten din ikke nevnte spørsmålet mitt om +bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene som NRK bruker. Disse +har som tidligere nevnt krav om at de kun skal brukes til private og +ikke-kommersielle formål med mindre en har avtale med MPEG LA, og uten +avtale med MPEG LA kan det jo virke som om NRK bruker verktøyene i +strid med bruksvilkårene. Hva gjør at disse bruksvilkårene ikke +gjelder for NRK?</p> +</blockquote></p> + +<p>Noen minutter senere får jeg foreløpig siste svar i +føljetongen:</p> + +<p><blockquote> +<p>Hei igjen</p> + +<p>Vårt dokumentarkiv har fått en kopi (journalføringsnr kan jeg +dessverre ikke gi deg).<p> + +<p>> Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du +<br>> skriver at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via +<br>> bakkenettet gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.</p> + +<p>Svar: Kan ikke svare for andre enn for NRK/EBU - og for bakkenettet +i Norge er det kun NRK som er et lisensbasert selskap. Kan ikke gi noe +svar på saksnr på dokumenter eller ytterligere informasjon da jeg selv +ikke var del i dette.</p> + +<p>> Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår. ...</p> + +<p>Svar: Kan ikke gå ytterligere inn i dette fra min side og mitt +fagfelt som er produksjon/publisering og systemstrukturene bak +disse. For øvrig ligger det etter vår formening ingen begrensninger +for NRK i mulighetene til publisering mht til kodek i +produksjonssystemer. Som tidligere skrevet mener vi at NRK ikke +trenger noen avtale med MPEG LA og støtter oss til det vi allerede har +kommunisert i forrige epost.</p> + +<p>Mvh +<br>Geir Børdalen</p> +</blockquote></p> + +<p>Det syntes vanskelig å komme videre når NRK ikke ønsker å gå inn i +problemstillingen rundt bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene +NRK bruker, så jeg sendte takk for svarene og avsluttet utvekslingen +så langt:</p> + +<p><blockquote> +<p>Tusen takk for rask respons, og oppklarende forklaring om hvordan +NRK tenker rundt MPEG LA.</p> + +<p>Jeg vil høre med NRK-arkivet for å se om de kan spore opp de +omtalte dokumentene. Jeg setter pris på om du kan dele titler, dato +eller annen informasjon som kan gjøre det enklere for arkivet å finne +dem.</p> + +<p>Når det gjelder hvordan bruksvilkårene til +videoredigeringsverktøyene skal tolkes, så skal jeg høre med MPEG LA +og produsentene av verktøyene for å forsøke å få klarhet i hva de +mener er rikgig rettstilstand.</p> +</blockquote></p> + +<p>Jeg ble litt klokere, men fortsatt er det uklart for meg hva som er +grunnlaget til NRK for å se bort fra bruksvilkår i +videoredigeringsprogramvare som krever MPEG LA-avtale til alt annet +enn privat og ikke-kommersiell bruk.</p> - Hvordan vurderer regjeringen H.264-patentutfordringen? - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hvordan_vurderer_regjeringen_H_264_patentutfordringen_.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hvordan_vurderer_regjeringen_H_264_patentutfordringen_.html - Sun, 16 Nov 2014 10:30:00 +0100 - <p>For en stund tilbake spurte jeg Fornyingsdepartementet om hvilke -juridiske vurderinger rundt patentproblemstillingen som var gjort da -H.264 ble tatt inn i <a href="http://standard.difi.no/">statens -referansekatalog over standarder</a>. Stig Hornnes i FAD tipset meg -om følgende som står i oppsumeringen til høringen om -referansekatalogen versjon 2.0, som jeg siden ved hjelp av en -innsynsforespørsel fikk tak i -<a href="http://wiki.nuug.no/uttalelser/200901-standardkatalog-v2?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=kongelig-resolusjon.pdf">PDF-utgaven av</a> -datert 2009-06-03 (saksnummer 200803291, saksbehandler Henrik -Linnestad).</p> - -<p>Der står det følgende om problemstillingen:</p> + Blir det virkelig krav om fingeravtrykk i nasjonale ID-kort? + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html + Tue, 12 May 2015 11:30:00 +0200 + <p>Noen finner det vanskelig å tro at Stortinget faktisk har vedtatt å +kreve at alle norske borgerne må avgi fingeravtrykk til politiet for å +fungere i samfunnet. Jeg er blitt spurt hva som er grunnlaget for +<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html">min +påstand i forrige bloggpost</a> om at det nå blir krav om å avgi +fingeravtrykk til politiet for å fungere som borger i Norge. De som +spør klarer ikke lese det ut fra det som er vedtatt. Her er en liten +oppsummering om hva jeg baserer det på. Det sies ikke direkte i +hverken proposisjon, innstilling eller vedtak, men fremgår når en ser +på indirekte formuleringer.</p> + +<p>I +<a href="https://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dokumenter/prop.-66-l-2014-2015/id2399703/">stortingsproposisjon +66</a>, avsnitt 6.3.5 (Avgivelse av biometriske personopplysninger) +står det<p> <p><blockquote> -<strong>4.4 Patentproblematikk</strong> - -<p>NUUG og Opera ser det som særlig viktig at forslagene knyttet til -lyd og video baserer seg på de royalty-frie standardene Vorbis, Theora -og FLAC.</p> - -<p>Kommentarene relaterer seg til at enkelte standarder er åpne, men -inneholder tekniske prosedyrer som det i USA (og noen andre land som -Japan) er gitt patentrettigheter til. I vårt tilfelle berører dette -spesielt standardene Mp3 og H.264, selv om Politidirektoratet peker på -at det muligens kan være tilsvarende problematikk også for Theora og -Vorbis. Dette medfører at det i USA kan kreves royalties for bruk av -tekniske løsninger knyttet til standardene, et krav som også -håndheves. Patenter kan imidlertid bare hevdes i de landene hvor -patentet er gitt, så amerikanske patenter gjelder ikke andre steder -enn USA.</p> - -<p>Spesielt for utvikling av fri programvare er patenter -problematisk. GPL, en "grunnleggende" lisens for distribusjon av fri -programvare, avviser at programvare kan distribueres under denne -lisensen hvis det inneholder referanser til patenterte rutiner som -utløser krav om royalties. Det er imidlertid uproblematisk å -distribuere fri programvareløsninger under GPL som benytter de -aktuelle standardene innen eller mellom land som ikke anerkjenner -patentene. Derfor finner vi også flere implementeringer av Mp3 og -H.264 som er fri programvare, lisensiert under GPL.</p> - -<p>I Norge og EU er patentlovgivningen langt mer restriktiv enn i USA, -men det er også her mulig å få patentert metoder for løsning av et -problem som relaterer seg til databehandling. Det er AIF bekjent ikke -relevante patenter i EU eller Norge hva gjelder H.264 og Mp3, men -muligheten for at det finnes patenter uten at det er gjort krav om -royalties eller at det senere vil gis slike patenter kan ikke helt -avvises.</p> - -<p>AIF mener det er et behov for å gi offentlige virksomheter mulighet -til å benytte antatt royaltyfrie åpne standarder som et likeverdig -alternativ eller i tillegg til de markedsledende åpne standardene.</p> + <p>Departementet foreslår at både ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk skal + kunne opptas og lagres som identifikasjonsdata i de nasjonale + ID-kortene, på samme måte som i passene. Lovforslaget er derfor + utformet i tråd med passloven § 6 annet ledd, som fastslår at det + til bruk for senere verifisering eller kontroll av passinnehaverens + identitet kan innhentes og lagres i passet biometrisk + personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk (to + fingre). Dagens ordning med lagring av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk + i et kontaktløst smartkort i passet er basert på internasjonale + standarder. Fingeravtrykkene i nasjonalt ID-kort vil bli beskyttet + på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene i passene.</p> + + <p>[...]</p> + + <p>For norske forhold understreker departementet at innføring av + nasjonale ID-kort sammen med innføring av nye systemer for sikrere + utstedelse og kontroll av pass og relaterte dokumenter gir mulighet + til å utforme ordningen slik at den best mulig møter utfordringene + forbundet med identitetskriminalitet. Det tilsier at fingeravtrykk + opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.</p> </blockquote></p> -<p>Det ser dermed ikke ut til at de har vurdert patentspørsmålet i -sammenheng med opphavsrettsvilkår slik de er formulert for f.eks. -Apple Final Cut Pro, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Sorenson-verktøyene, -der det kreves brukstillatelse for patenter som ikke er gyldige i -Norge for å bruke disse verktøyene til annet en personlig og ikke -kommersiell aktivitet når det gjelder H.264-video. Jeg må nok lete -videre etter svar på det spørsmålet.</p> +<p>Departementet sier altså at sin anbefaling er at fingeravtrykk skal +opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort. Det skrives som om det +blir valgfritt, på samme måten som det skrives passloven, der det i +loven sier at det kan +«<a href="https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1997-06-19-82#§6">innhentes +og lagres i passet biometrisk personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto +og fingeravtrykk (to fingre)</a>». Men på tross av bruken av «kan» i +passloven er det innført krav om å avgi fingeravtrykk for å få et pass +i Norge. Proposisjonen sier i tillegg i del 1 (Proposisjonens +hovedinnhold) at ID-kortene skal være like pålitelig som pass og ha +samme sikkerhetsnivå som pass. Departementet foreslår altså at +ID-kortene skal gis etter samme regler som for pass.</p> + +<p>Formuleringene fra hovedinnholdet i proposisjonen er videreført i +<a href="https://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Publikasjoner/Innstillinger/Stortinget/2014-2015/inns-201415-243/?lvl=0">innstillingen +fra stortingskomiteen</a>, der det konkret står «De foreslåtte reglene +vil gi befolkningen tilbud om et offentlig utstedt identitetsbevis som +vil være like pålitelig som passet, og mer praktisk å bruke som +legitimasjon» og «Det nasjonale ID-kortet skal også holde samme +sikkerhetsnivå som passet». Komiteen har altså ingen kommentarer +eller innsigelser til dette forslaget, og gjorde i debatten da saken +ble vedtatt det klart at dette var en god sak og at en enstemmig +komité var glad for resultatet. Stortinget har dermed stilt seg helt +og fullt bak departementets forslag.</p> + +<p>For meg er det åpenbart når en leser proposisjonen at «like +pålitelig» og «samme sikkerhetsnivå» vil bli tolket av departementet +som «med samme biometrisk informasjon som i passene», og departementet +forklarer i tillegg i proposisjonen at de har tenkt at +fingeravtrykkene «vil bli beskyttet på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene +i passene». Jeg ser det dermed som åpenbart at den samme +tvangsinnhentingen av fingeravtrykk som gjelder for pass vil bli +viderført til de nasjonale ID-kortene.</p> + +<p>Det eneste som kan endre dette er massive protester fra +befolkningen på at folk som ikke er mistenkt for noe kriminelt skal +tvinges til å gi fingeravtrykket til politiet for å f.eks. kunne få +bankkonto eller stemme ved valg. Det kunne få departementet til å +snu. Det tror jeg ikke vil skje.</p> + + + + + Norwegian citizens now required by law to give their fingerprint to the police + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html + Sun, 10 May 2015 16:00:00 +0200 + <p>5 days ago, the Norwegian Parliament decided, unanimously, that all +citizens of Norway, no matter if they are suspected of something +criminal or not, are +<a href="https://www.holderdeord.no/votes/1430838871e">required to +give fingerprints to the police</a> (vote details from Holder de +ord). The law make it sound like it will be optional, but in a few +years there will be no option any more. The ID will be required to +vote, to get a bank account, a bank card, to change address on the +post office, to receive an electronic ID or to get a drivers license +and many other tasks required to function in Norway. The banks plan +to stop providing their own ID on the bank cards when this new +national ID is introduced, and the national road authorities plan to +change the drivers license to no longer be usable as identity cards. +In effect, to function as a citizen in Norway a national ID card will +be required, and to get it one need to provide the fingerprints to +the police.</p> + +<p>In addition to handing the fingerprint to the police (which +promised to not make a copy of the fingerprint image at that point in +time, but say nothing about doing it later), a picture of the +fingerprint will be stored on the RFID chip, along with a picture of +the face and other information about the person. Some of the +information will be encrypted, but the encryption will be the same +system as currently used in the passports. The codes to decrypt will +be available to a lot of government offices and their suppliers around +the globe, but for those that do not know anyone in those circles it +is good to know that +<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/nov/17/news.homeaffairs">the +encryption is already broken</a>. And they +<a href="http://www.networkworld.com/article/2215057/wireless/bad-guys-could-read-rfid-passports-at-217-feet--maybe-a-lot-more.html">can +be read from 70 meters away</a>. This can be mitigated a bit by +keeping it in a Faraday cage (metal box or metal wire container), but +one will be required to take it out of there often enough to expose +ones private and personal information to a lot of people that have no +business getting access to that information.</p> + +<p>The new Norwegian national IDs are a vehicle for identity theft, +and I feel sorry for us all having politicians accepting such invasion +of privacy without any objections. So are the Norwegian passports, +but it has been possible to function in Norway without those so far. +That option is going away with the passing of the new law. In this, I +envy the Germans, because for them it is optional how much biometric +information is stored in their national ID.</p> + +<p>And if forced collection of fingerprints was not bad enough, the +information collected in the national ID card register can be handed +over to foreign intelligence services and police authorities, "when +extradition is not considered disproportionate".</p> + +<p>Update 2015-05-12: For those unable to believe that the Parliament +really could make such decision, I wrote +<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html">a +summary of the sources I have</a> for concluding the way I do +(Norwegian Only, as the sources are all in Norwegian).</p> - A Debian package for SMTP via Tor (aka SMTorP) using exim4 - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_Debian_package_for_SMTP_via_Tor__aka_SMTorP__using_exim4.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_Debian_package_for_SMTP_via_Tor__aka_SMTorP__using_exim4.html - Mon, 10 Nov 2014 13:40:00 +0100 - <p>The right to communicate with your friends and family in private, -without anyone snooping, is a right every citicen have in a liberal -democracy. But this right is under serious attack these days.</p> - -<p>A while back it occurred to me that one way to make the dragnet -surveillance conducted by NSA, GCHQ, FRA and others (and confirmed by -the whisleblower Snowden) more expensive for Internet email, -is to deliver all email using SMTP via Tor. Such SMTP option would be -a nice addition to the FreedomBox project if we could send email -between FreedomBox machines without leaking metadata about the emails -to the people peeking on the wire. I -<a href="http://lists.alioth.debian.org/pipermail/freedombox-discuss/2014-October/006493.html">proposed -this on the FreedomBox project mailing list in October</a> and got a -lot of useful feedback and suggestions. It also became obvious to me -that this was not a novel idea, as the same idea was tested and -documented by Johannes Berg as early as 2006, and both -<a href="https://github.com/pagekite/Mailpile/wiki/SMTorP">the -Mailpile</a> and <a href="http://dee.su/cables">the Cables</a> systems -propose a similar method / protocol to pass emails between users.</p> - -<p>To implement such system one need to set up a Tor hidden service -providing the SMTP protocol on port 25, and use email addresses -looking like username@hidden-service-name.onion. With such addresses -the connections to port 25 on hidden-service-name.onion using Tor will -go to the correct SMTP server. To do this, one need to configure the -Tor daemon to provide the hidden service and the mail server to accept -emails for this .onion domain. To learn more about Exim configuration -in Debian and test the design provided by Johannes Berg in his FAQ, I -set out yesterday to create a Debian package for making it trivial to -set up such SMTP over Tor service based on Debian. Getting it to work -were fairly easy, and -<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/exim4-smtorp">the -source code for the Debian package</a> is available from github. I -plan to move it into Debian if further testing prove this to be a -useful approach.</p> - -<p>If you want to test this, set up a blank Debian machine without any -mail system installed (or run <tt>apt-get purge exim4-config</tt> to -get rid of exim4). Install tor, clone the git repository mentioned -above, build the deb and install it on the machine. Next, run -<tt>/usr/lib/exim4-smtorp/setup-exim-hidden-service</tt> and follow -the instructions to get the service up and running. Restart tor and -exim when it is done, and test mail delivery using swaks like -this:</p> - -<p><blockquote><pre> -torsocks swaks --server dutlqrrmjhtfa3vp.onion \ - --to fbx@dutlqrrmjhtfa3vp.onion -</pre></blockquote></p> - -<p>This will test the SMTP delivery using tor. Replace the email -address with your own address to test your server. :)</p> - -<p>The setup procedure is still to complex, and I hope it can be made -easier and more automatic. Especially the tor setup need more work. -Also, the package include a tor-smtp tool written in C, but its task -should probably be rewritten in some script language to make the deb -architecture independent. It would probably also make the code easier -to review. The tor-smtp tool currently need to listen on a socket for -exim to talk to it and is started using xinetd. It would be better if -no daemon and no socket is needed. I suspect it is possible to get -exim to run a command line tool for delivery instead of talking to a -socket, and hope to figure out how in a future version of this -system.</p> - -<p>Until I wipe my test machine, I can be reached using the -<tt>fbx@dutlqrrmjhtfa3vp.onion</tt> mail address, deliverable over -SMTorP. :)</p> + What would it cost to store all phone calls in Norway? + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_would_it_cost_to_store_all_phone_calls_in_Norway_.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_would_it_cost_to_store_all_phone_calls_in_Norway_.html + Fri, 1 May 2015 19:30:00 +0200 + <p>Many years ago, a friend of mine calculated how much it would cost +to store the sound of all phone calls in Norway, and came up with the +cost of around 20 million NOK (2.4 mill EUR) for all the calls in a +year. I got curious and wondered what the same calculation would look +like today. To do so one need an idea of how much data storage is +needed for each minute of sound, how many minutes all the calls in +Norway sums up to, and the cost of data storage.</p> + +<p>The 2005 numbers are from +<a href="http://www.digi.no/analyser/2005/10/04/vi-prater-stadig-mindre-i-roret">digi.no</a>, +the 2012 numbers are from +<a href="http://www.nkom.no/aktuelt/nyheter/fortsatt-vekst-i-det-norske-ekommarkedet">a +NKOM report</a>, and I got the 2013 numbers after asking NKOM via +email. I was told the numbers for 2014 will be presented May 20th, +and decided not to wait for those, as I doubt they will be very +different from the numbers from 2013.</p> + +<p>The amount of data storage per minute sound depend on the wanted +quality, and for phone calls it is generally believed that 8 Kbit/s is +enough. See for example a +<a href="http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/voice/voice-quality/7934-bwidth-consume.html#topic1">summary +on voice quality from Cisco</a> for some alternatives. 8 Kbit/s is 60 +Kbytes/min, and this can be multiplied with the number of call minutes +to get the storage requirements.</p> + +<p>Storage prices varies a lot, depending on speed, backup strategies, +availability requirements etc. But a simple way to calculate can be +to use the price of a TiB-disk (around 1000 NOK / 120 EUR) and double +it to take space, power and redundancy into account. It could be much +higher with high speed and good redundancy requirements.</p> + +<p>But back to the question, What would it cost to store all phone +calls in Norway? Not much. Here is a small table showing the +estimated cost, which is within the budget constraint of most medium +and large organisations:</p> + +<table border="1"> +<tr><th>Year</th><th>Call minutes</th><th>Size</th><th>Price in NOK / EUR</th></tr> +<tr><td>2005</td><td align="right">24 000 000 000</td><td align="right">1.3 PiB</td><td align="right">3 mill / 358 000</td></tr> +<tr><td>2012</td><td align="right">18 000 000 000</td><td align="right">1.0 PiB</td><td align="right">2.2 mill / 262 000</td></tr> +<tr><td>2013</td><td align="right">17 000 000 000</td><td align="right">950 TiB</td><td align="right">2.1 mill / 250 000</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>This is the cost of buying the storage. Maintenance need to be +taken into account too, but calculating that is left as an exercise +for the reader. But it is obvious to me from those numbers that +recording the sound of all phone calls in Norway is not going to be +stopped because it is too expensive. I wonder if someone already is +collecting the data?</p> - First Jessie based Debian Edu released (alpha0) - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_released__alpha0_.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_released__alpha0_.html - Mon, 27 Oct 2014 20:40:00 +0100 - <p>I am happy to report that I on behalf of the Debian Edu team just -sent out -<a href="https://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2014/10/msg00000.html">this -announcement</a>:</p> + First Jessie based Debian Edu beta release + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_beta_release.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_beta_release.html + Sun, 26 Apr 2015 14:10:00 +0200 + <p>I am happy to report that the Debian Edu team sent out +<a href="https://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2015/04/msg00000.html">this +announcement today</a>:</p> <pre> -The Debian Edu Team is pleased to announce the release of Debian Edu -Jessie 8.0+edu0~alpha0 - -Debian Edu is a complete operating system for schools. Through its -various installation profiles you can install servers, workstations -and laptops which will work together on the school network. With -Debian Edu, the teachers themselves or their technical support can -roll out a complete multi-user multi-machine study environment within -hours or a few days. Debian Edu comes with hundreds of applications -pre-installed, but you can always add more packages from Debian. +the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project is pleased to announce the first +*beta* release of Debian Edu "Jessie" 8.0+edu0~b1, which for the first +time is composed entirely of packages from the current Debian stable +release, Debian 8 "Jessie". + +(As most reading this will know, Debian "Jessie" hasn't actually been +released by now. The release is still in progress but should finish +later today ;) + +We expect to make a final release of Debian Edu "Jessie" in the coming +weeks, timed with the first point release of Debian Jessie. Upgrades +from this beta release of Debian Edu Jessie to the final release will +be possible and encouraged! + +Please report feedback to debian-edu@lists.debian.org and/or submit +bugs: http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs + +Debian Edu - sometimes also known as "Skolelinux" - is a complete +operating system for schools, universities and other +organisations. Through its pre- prepared installation profiles +administrators can install servers, workstations and laptops which +will work in harmony on the school network. With Debian Edu, the +teachers themselves or their technical support staff can roll out a +complete multi-user, multi-machine study environment within hours or +days. + +Debian Edu is already in use at several hundred schools all over the +world, particularly in Germany, Spain and Norway. Installations come +with hundreds of applications pre-installed, plus the whole Debian +archive of thousands of compatible packages within easy reach. For those who want to give Debian Edu Jessie a try, download and installation instructions are available, including detailed -instructions in the manual[1] explaining the first steps, such as -setting up a network or adding users. Please note that the password -for the user your prompted for during installation must have a length -of at least 5 characters! +instructions in the manual explaining the first steps, such as setting +up a network or adding users. Please note that the password for the +user your prompted for during installation must have a length of at +least 5 characters! - [1] &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie">https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie</a> &gt; +== Where to download == -Would you like to give your school's computer a longer life? Are you -tired of sneaker administration, running from computer to computer -reinstalling the operating system? Would you like to administrate all -the computers in your school using only a couple of hours every week? -Check out Debian Edu Jessie! +A multi-architecture CD / usbstick image (649 MiB) for network booting +can be downloaded at the following locations: -Skolelinux is used by at least two hundred schools all over the world, -mostly in Germany and Norway. + http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso + rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso . -About Debian Edu and Skolelinux -=============================== +The SHA1SUM of this image is: 54a524d16246cddd8d2cfd6ea52f2dd78c47ee0a -Debian Edu, also known as Skolelinux[2], is a Linux distribution based -on Debian providing an out-of-the box environment of a completely -configured school network. Immediately after installation a school -server running all services needed for a school network is set up just -waiting for users and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable -Web-UI. A netbooting environment is prepared using PXE, so after -initial installation of the main server from CD or USB stick all other -machines can be installed via the network. The provided school server -provides LDAP database and Kerberos authentication service, -centralized home directories, DHCP server, web proxy and many other -services. The desktop contains more than 60 educational software -packages[3] and more are available from the Debian archive, and -schools can choose between KDE, Gnome, LXDE, Xfce and MATE desktop -environment. +Alternatively an extended DVD / usbstick image (4.9 GiB) is also +available, with more software included (saving additional download +time): + + http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso + rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso + +The SHA1SUM of this image is: fb1f1504a490c077a48653898f9d6a461cb3c636 - [2] &lt;URL: <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">http://www.skolelinux.org/</a> &gt; - [3] &lt;URL: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Educational_applications_included_in_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux__the_screenshot_collection____.html">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Educational_applications_included_in_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux__the_screenshot_collection____.html</a> &gt; +Sources are available from the Debian archive, see +http://ftp.debian.org/debian-cd/8.0.0/source/ for some download +options. -Full release notes and manual -============================= +== Debian Edu Jessie manual in seven languages == -Below the download URLs there is a list of some of the new features -and bugfixes of Debian Edu 8.0+edu0~alpha0 Codename Jessie. The full -list is part of the manual. (See the feature list in the manual[4] for -the English version.) For some languages manual translations are -available, see the manual translation overview[5]. +Please see https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie/ for +the English version of the Debian Edu jessie manual. - [4] &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie/Features">https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie/Features</a> &gt; - [5] &lt;URL: <a href="http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/">http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/</a> &gt; +This manual has been fully translated to German, French, Italian, +Danish, Dutch and Norwegian Bokmål. A partly translated version exists +for Spanish. See http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/ for +online version of the translated manual. -Where to get it ---------------- +More information about Debian 8 "Jessie" itself is provided in the +release notes and the installation manual: +- http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes +- http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual -To download the multiarch netinstall CD release (624 MiB) you can use - * <a href="ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~alpha0-CD.iso">ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~alpha0-CD.iso</a> - * <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~alpha0-CD.iso">http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~alpha0-CD.iso</a> - * rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~alpha0-CD.iso . +== Errata / known problems == -The SHA1SUM of this image is: 361188818e036ce67280a572f757de82ebfeb095 + It takes up to 15 minutes for a changed hostname to be updated via + DHCP (#780461). -New features for Debian Edu 8.0+edu0~alpha0 Codename Jessie released 2014-10-27 -=============================================================================== + The hostname script fails to update LTSP server hostname (#783087). +Workaround: run update-hostname-from-ip on the client to update the +hostname immediately. -Installation changes --------------------- +Check https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie for a possibly +more current and complete list. - * PXE installation now installs firmware automatically for the hardware present. +== Some more details about Debian Edu 8.0+edu0~b1 Codename Jessie released 2015-04-25 == -Software updates ----------------- +=== Software updates === -Everything which is new in Debian Jessie 8.0, eg: +Everything which is new in Debian 8 Jessie, e.g.: - * Linux kernel 3.16.x - * Desktop environments KDE "Plasma" 4.11.12, GNOME 3.14, Xfce 4.10, - LXDE 0.5.6 and MATE 1.8 (KDE "Plasma" is installed by default; to - choose one of the others see manual.) - * the browsers Iceweasel 31 ESR and Chromium 38 - * !LibreOffice 4.3.3 + * Linux kernel 3.16.7-ctk9; for the i386 architecture, support for + i486 processors has been dropped; oldest supported ones: i586 (like + Intel Pentium and AMD K5). + + * Desktop environments KDE Plasma Workspaces 4.11.13, GNOME 3.14, + Xfce 4.12, LXDE 0.5.6 + * new optional desktop environment: MATE 1.8 + * KDE Plasma Workspaces is installed by default; to choose one of + the others see the manual. + * the browsers Iceweasel 31 ESR and Chromium 41 + * LibreOffice 4.3.3 * GOsa 2.7.4 * LTSP 5.5.4 * CUPS print system 1.7.5 * new boot framework: systemd - * Educational toolbox GCompris 14.07 + * Educational toolbox GCompris 14.12 * Music creator Rosegarden 14.02 * Image editor Gimp 2.8.14 - * Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0.13.0 + * Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0.13.1 * golearn 0.9 * tuxpaint 0.9.22 * New version of debian-installer from Debian Jessie. - * Debian Jessie includes about 42000 packages available for - installation. - * More information about Debian Jessie 8.0 is provided in the release - notes[6] and the installation manual[7]. - - [6] &lt;URL: <a href="http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes">http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes</a> &gt; - [7] &lt;URL: <a href="http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual">http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual</a> &gt; - -Fixed bugs ----------- + * Debian Jessie includes about 43000 packages available for installation. + * More information about Debian 8 Jessie is provided in its release + notes and the installation manual, see the link above. - * Inserting incorrect DNS information in Gosa will no longer break - DNS completely, but instead stop DNS updates until the incorrect - information is corrected (Debian bug #710362) - * and many others. +=== Installation changes === -Documentation and translation updates -------------------------------------- + Installations done via PXE now also install firmware automatically + for the hardware present. - * The Debian Edu Jessie Manual is fully translated to German, French, - Italian, Danish and Dutch. Partly translated versions exist for - Norwegian Bokmal and Spanish. +=== Fixed bugs === -Other changes -------------- +A number of bugs have been fixed in this release; the most noticeable +from a user perspective: - * Due to new Squid settings, powering off or rebooting the main - server takes more time. - * To manage printers localhost:631 has to be used, currently www:631 - doesn't work. + * Inserting incorrect DNS information in Gosa will no longer break + DNS completely, but instead stop DNS updates until the incorrect + information is corrected (710362) -Regressions / known problems ----------------------------- + * shutdown-at-night now shuts the system down if gdm3 is used (775608). - * Installing LTSP chroot fails with a bug related to eatmydata about - exim4-config failing to run its postinst (see Debian bug #765694 - and Debian bug #762103). - * Munin collection is not properly configured on clients (Debian bug - #764594). The fix is available in a newer version of munin-node. - * PXE setup for Main Server and Thin Client Server setup does not - work when installing on a machine without direct Internet access. - Will be fixed when Debian bug #766960 is fixed in Jessie. +=== Sugar desktop removed === -See the status page[8] for the complete list. +As the Sugar desktop was removed from Debian Jessie, it is also not +available in Debian Edu jessie. - [8] &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie">https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie</a> &gt; -How to report bugs ------------------- +== About Debian Edu / Skolelinux == -&lt;URL: <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs">http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs</a> &gt; +Debian Edu, also known as Skolelinux, is a Linux distribution based on +Debian providing an out-of-the box environment of a completely +configured school network. Directly after installation a school server +running all services needed for a school network is set up just +waiting for users and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable +Web-UI. A netbooting environment is prepared using PXE, so after +initial installation of the main server from CD or USB stick all other +machines can be installed via the network. The provided school server +provides LDAP database and Kerberos authentication service, +centralized home directories, DHCP server, web proxy and many other +services. The desktop contains more than 60 educational software +packages and more are available from the Debian archive, and schools +can choose between KDE, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce and MATE desktop +environment. -About Debian -============ +== About Debian == The Debian Project was founded in 1993 by Ian Murdock to be a truly free community project. Since then the project has grown to be one of @@ -598,239 +840,252 @@ maintain Debian software. Available in 70 languages, and supporting a huge range of computer types, Debian calls itself the universal operating system. -Contact Information -For further information, please visit the Debian web pages[9] or send -mail to press@debian.org. +== Thanks == - [9] &lt;URL: <a href="http://www.debian.org/">http://www.debian.org/</a> &gt; +Thanks to everyone making Debian and Debian Edu / Skolelinux happen! +You rock. </pre> - I spent last weekend recording MakerCon Nordic - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_spent_last_weekend_recording_MakerCon_Nordic.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_spent_last_weekend_recording_MakerCon_Nordic.html - Thu, 23 Oct 2014 23:00:00 +0200 - <p>I spent last weekend at <a href="http://www.makercon.no/">Makercon -Nordic</a>, a great conference and workshop for makers in Norway and -the surrounding countries. I had volunteered on behalf of the -Norwegian Unix Users Group (NUUG) to video record the talks, and we -had a great and exhausting time recording the entire day, two days in -a row. There were only two of us, Hans-Petter and me, and we used the -regular video equipment for NUUG, with a -<a href="http://dvswitch.alioth.debian.org/wiki/">dvswitch</a>, a -camera and a VGA to DV convert box, and mixed video and slides -live.</p> - -<p>Hans-Petter did the post-processing, consisting of uploading the -around 180 GiB of raw video to Youtube, and the result is -<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MakerConNordic/">now becoming -public</a> on the MakerConNordic account. The videos have the license -NUUG always use on our recordings, which is -<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/no/">Creative -Commons Navngivelse-Del på samme vilkår 3.0 Norge</a>. Many great -talks available. Check it out! :)</p> + Debian Edu interview: Shirish Agarwal + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Shirish_Agarwal.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Shirish_Agarwal.html + Wed, 15 Apr 2015 09:20:00 +0200 + <p>It was a surprise to me to learn that project to create a complete +computer system for schools I've involved in, +<a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a>, was +being used in India. But apparently it is, and I managed to get an +interview with one of the friends of the project there, Shirish +Agarwal.</p> + +<p><strong>Who are you, and how do you spend your days?</strong></p> + +<p>My name is Shirish Agarwal. Based out of the educational and +historical city of Pune, from the western state of Maharashtra, India. +My bread comes from giving training, giving policy tips, +installations on free software to mom and pop shops in different +fields from Desktop publishing to retail shops as well as work with +few software start-ups as well.</p> + +<p><strong>How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu +project?</strong></p> + +<p>It started innocently enough. I have been using Debian for a few +years and in one local minidebconf / debutsav I was asked if there was +anything for schools or education. I had worked / played with free +educational softwares such as Gcompris and Stellarium for my many +nieces and nephews so researched and found Debian Edu or Skolelinux as +it was known then. Since then I have started using the various +education meta-packages provided by the project.</p> + +<p><strong>What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian +Edu?</strong></p> + +<p>It's closest I have seen where a package full of educational +software are packed, which are free and open (both literally and +figuratively). Even if I take the simplest software which is +gcompris, the number of activities therein are amazing. Another one of +the softwares that I have liked for a long time is stellarium. Even +pysycache is cool except for couple of issues I encountered +<a href="https://bugs.debian.org/781841">#781841</a> and +<a href="https://bugs.debian.org/781842">#781842</a>.</p> + +<p>I prefer software installed on the system over web based solutions, +as a web site can disappear any time but the software on disk has the +possibility of a larger life span. Of course with both it's more a +question if it has enough users who make it fun or sustainable or both +for the developer per-se.</p> + +<p><strong>What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian +Edu?</strong></p> + +<p>I do see that the Debian Edu team seems to be short-handed and I +think more efforts should be made to make it popular and ask and take +help from people and the larger community wherever possible.</p> + +<p>I don't see any disadvantage to use Skolelinux apart from the fact +that most apps. are generic which is good or bad how you see it. +However, saying that I do acknowledge the fact that the canvas is +pretty big and there are lot of interesting ideas that could be done +but for reasons not known not done or if done I don't know about them. +Let me share some of the ideas (these are more upstream based but +still) I have had for a long time :</p> + +<p>1. Classical maths question of two trains in opposing directions +each running @x kmph/mph at y distance, when they will meet and how +far would each travel and similar questions like these. + +<p>The computer is a fantastic system where questions like these can +be drawn, animated and the methodology and answers teased out in +interactive manner. While sites such as the +<a href="http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.two.trains.html">Ask +Dr. Math FAQ on The Two Trains problem</a> (as an example or point of +inspiration) can be used there is lot more that can be done. I dunno +if there is a free software which does something like this. The idea +being a blend of objects + animation + interaction which does +this. The whole interaction could be gamified with points or sounds or +colourful celebration whenever the user gets even part of the question +or/and methodology right. That would help reinforce good behaviour. +This understanding could be used to share/showcase everything from how +the first wheel came to be, to evolution to how astronomy started, +psychics and everything in-between.</p> + +<p>One specific idea in the train part was having the Linux mascot on +one train and the BSD or GNU mascot on the other train and they +meeting somewhere in-between. Characters from blender movies could +also be used.</p> + +<p>2. Loads of crossword-puzzles with reference to subjects: We have +enormous data sets in Wikipedia and Wikitionary. I don't think it +should be a big job to design crossword puzzles. Using categories and +sub-categories it should be doable to have Q&A single word answers +from the existing data-sets. What would make it easy or hard could be +the length of the word + existence of many or few vowels depending on +the user's input.</p> + +<p>3. Jigsaw puzzles - We already have a great software called +palapeli with number of slicers making it pretty interesting. What +needs to be done is to download large number of public domain and +copyleft images, tease and use IPTC tags to categorise them into +nature, history etc. and let it loose. This could turn to be really +huge collection of images. One source could be taken from +commons.wikimedia.org, others could be huge collection of royalty-free +stock photos. Potential is immense.</p> + +<p>Apart from this, free software suffers in two directions, we lag +both in development (of using new features per-se) and maintenance a +lot. This is more so in educational software as these applications +need to be timely and the opportunity cost of missing deadlines is +immense. If we are able to solve issues of funding for development and +maintenance of such software I don't see any big difficulties. I know +of few start-ups in and around India who would love to develop and +maintain such software if funding issues could be solved.</p> + +<p><strong>Which free software do you use daily?</strong></p> + +<p>That would be huge list. Some of the softwares are obviously apt, +aptitude, debdelta, leafpad, the shell of course (zsh nowadays), +quassel for IRC. In games I use shisen-sho while card-games are evenly +between kpat and Aiselriot. In desktops it's a tie between +gnome-flashback and mate.</p> + +<p><strong>Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to +get schools to use free software?</strong></p> + +<p>I think it should first start with using specific FOSS apps. in +whatever environment they are. If it's MS-Windows or Mac so be it. +Once they are habitual with the apps. and there is buy-in from the +school management then it could be installed anywhere. Most of the +people now understand the concept of a repository because of the +various online stores so it isn't hard to convince on that front.</p> + +<p>What is harder is having enough people with technical skills and +passion to service them. If you get buy-in from one or two teachers +then ideas like above could also be asked to be done as a project as +well.</p> + +<p>I think where we fall short more than anything is in marketing. For +instance, Debian has this whole range of fonts in its archive but +there isn't even a page where all those different fonts in the La +Ipsum format could be tried out for newcomers.</p> + +<p>One of the issues faced constantly in installations is with updates +and upgrades. People have this myth that each update and upgrade +means the user interface will / has to change. I have seen this +innumerable times. That perhaps is one of the reasons which browsers +like Iceweasel / Firefox change user interfaces so much, not because +it might be needed or be functional but because people believe that +changed user interfaces are better. This, can easily be pointed with +the user interfaces changed with almost every MS-Windows and Mac OS +releases.</p> + +<p>The problems with Debian Edu for deployment are many. The biggest +is the huge gap between what is taught in schools and what Debian Edu +is aimed at. + +<p>Me and my friends did teach on week-ends in a government school for +around 2 years, and +<a href="https://flossexperiences.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/sharings/">gathered +some experience</a> there. Some of the things we learnt/discovered +there was :</p> + +<ol> + + <li>Most of the teachers are very territorial about their subjects + and they do not want you to teach anything out of the + portion/syllabus given.</li> + + <li>They want any activity on the system in accordance to whatever + is in the syllabus.</li> + + <li>There are huge barriers both with the English language and at + times with objects or whatever. An example, let's say in gcompris + you have objects falling down and you have to name them and let's + say the falling object is a hat or a fedora hat, this would not be + as recognizable as say a + <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi">Puneri + Pagdi</a> so there is need to inject local objects, words wherever + possible. Especially for word-games there are so many hindi words + which have become part of english vocabulary (for instance in + parley), those could be made into a hinglish collection or + something but that is something for upstream to do.</li> + +</ol> - listadmin, the quick way to moderate mailman lists - nice free software - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/listadmin__the_quick_way_to_moderate_mailman_lists___nice_free_software.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/listadmin__the_quick_way_to_moderate_mailman_lists___nice_free_software.html - Wed, 22 Oct 2014 20:00:00 +0200 - <p>If you ever had to moderate a mailman list, like the ones on -alioth.debian.org, you know the web interface is fairly slow to -operate. First you visit one web page, enter the moderation password -and get a new page shown with a list of all the messages to moderate -and various options for each email address. This take a while for -every list you moderate, and you need to do it regularly to do a good -job as a list moderator. But there is a quick alternative, -<a href="http://heim.ifi.uio.no/kjetilho/hacks/#listadmin">the -listadmin program</a>. It allow you to check lists for new messages -to moderate in a fraction of a second. Here is a test run on two -lists I recently took over:</p> - -<p><blockquote><pre> -% time listadmin xiph -fetching data for pkg-xiph-commits@lists.alioth.debian.org ... nothing in queue -fetching data for pkg-xiph-maint@lists.alioth.debian.org ... nothing in queue - -real 0m1.709s -user 0m0.232s -sys 0m0.012s -% -</pre></blockquote></p> - -<p>In 1.7 seconds I had checked two mailing lists and confirmed that -there are no message in the moderation queue. Every morning I -currently moderate 68 mailman lists, and it normally take around two -minutes. When I took over the two pkg-xiph lists above a few days -ago, there were 400 emails waiting in the moderator queue. It took me -less than 15 minutes to process them all using the listadmin -program.</p> - -<p>If you install -<a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/listadmin">the listadmin -package</a> from Debian and create a file <tt>~/.listadmin.ini</tt> -with content like this, the moderation task is a breeze:</p> - -<p><blockquote><pre> -username username@example.org -spamlevel 23 -default discard -discard_if_reason "Posting restricted to members only. Remove us from your mail list." - -password secret -adminurl https://{domain}/mailman/admindb/{list} -mailman-list@lists.example.com - -password hidden -other-list@otherserver.example.org -</pre></blockquote></p> - -<p>There are other options to set as well. Check the manual page to -learn the details.</p> - -<p>If you are forced to moderate lists on a mailman installation where -the SSL certificate is self signed or not properly signed by a -generally accepted signing authority, you can set a environment -variable when calling listadmin to disable SSL verification:</p> - -<p><blockquote><pre> -PERL_LWP_SSL_VERIFY_HOSTNAME=0 listadmin -</pre></blockquote></p> - -<p>If you want to moderate a subset of the lists you take care of, you -can provide an argument to the listadmin script like I do in the -initial screen dump (the xiph argument). Using an argument, only -lists matching the argument string will be processed. This make it -quick to accept messages if you notice the moderation request in your -email.</p> - -<p>Without the listadmin program, I would never be the moderator of 68 -mailing lists, as I simply do not have time to spend on that if the -process was any slower. The listadmin program have saved me hours of -time I could spend elsewhere over the years. It truly is nice free -software.</p> - -<p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my -activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address -<b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b&label=PetterReinholdtsenBlog">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p> - -<p>Update 2014-10-27: Added missing 'username' statement in -configuration example. Also, I've been told that the -PERL_LWP_SSL_VERIFY_HOSTNAME=0 setting do not work for everyone. Not -sure why.</p> + I'm going to the Open Source Developers' Conference Nordic 2015! + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_m_going_to_the_Open_Source_Developers__Conference_Nordic_2015_.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_m_going_to_the_Open_Source_Developers__Conference_Nordic_2015_.html + Tue, 7 Apr 2015 10:30:00 +0200 + <p>I am happy to let you all know that I'm going to the <a +href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/">Open Source Developers' +Conference Nordic 2015</a>!</p> + +<p>It take place Friday 8th to Sunday 10th of May in Oslo next to +where I work, and I finally got around to submitting +<a href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talk/6192">a talk proposal for +it</a> (dead link for most people until the talk is accepted). As +part of my involvement with the +<a href="http://www.nuug.no/">Norwegian Unix User Group member +association</a> I have been slightly involved in the planning of this +conference for a while now, with a focus on organising a Civic Hacking +Hackathon with our friends +over at <a href="http://www.mysociety.org/">mySociety</a> and +<a href="http://www.holderdeord.no/">Holder de ord</a>. This part is +named the 'My Society' track in the program. There is still space for +more talks and participants. I hope to see you there.</p> + +<p>Check out <a href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talks">the talks +submitted and accepted so far</a>.</p> - Debian Jessie, PXE and automatic firmware installation - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Jessie__PXE_and_automatic_firmware_installation.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Jessie__PXE_and_automatic_firmware_installation.html - Fri, 17 Oct 2014 14:10:00 +0200 - <p>When PXE installing laptops with Debian, I often run into the -problem that the WiFi card require some firmware to work properly. -And it has been a pain to fix this using preseeding in Debian. -Normally something more is needed. But thanks to -<a href="https://packages.qa.debian.org/i/isenkram.html">my isenkram -package</a> and its recent tasksel extension, it has now become easy -to do this using simple preseeding.</p> - -<p>The isenkram-cli package provide tasksel tasks which will install -firmware for the hardware found in the machine (actually, requested by -the kernel modules for the hardware). (It can also install user space -programs supporting the hardware detected, but that is not the focus -of this story.)</p> - -<p>To get this working in the default installation, two preeseding -values are needed. First, the isenkram-cli package must be installed -into the target chroot (aka the hard drive) before tasksel is executed -in the pkgsel step of the debian-installer system. This is done by -preseeding the base-installer/includes debconf value to include the -isenkram-cli package. The package name is next passed to debootstrap -for installation. With the isenkram-cli package in place, tasksel -will automatically use the isenkram tasks to detect hardware specific -packages for the machine being installed and install them, because -isenkram-cli contain tasksel tasks.</p> - -<p>Second, one need to enable the non-free APT repository, because -most firmware unfortunately is non-free. This is done by preseeding -the apt-mirror-setup step. This is unfortunate, but for a lot of -hardware it is the only option in Debian.</p> - -<p>The end result is two lines needed in your preseeding file to get -firmware installed automatically by the installer:</p> - -<p><blockquote><pre> -base-installer base-installer/includes string isenkram-cli -apt-mirror-setup apt-setup/non-free boolean true -</pre></blockquote></p> - -<p>The current version of isenkram-cli in testing/jessie will install -both firmware and user space packages when using this method. It also -do not work well, so use version 0.15 or later. Installing both -firmware and user space packages might give you a bit more than you -want, so I decided to split the tasksel task in two, one for firmware -and one for user space programs. The firmware task is enabled by -default, while the one for user space programs is not. This split is -implemented in the package currently in unstable.</p> - -<p>If you decide to give this a go, please let me know (via email) how -this recipe work for you. :)</p> - -<p>So, I bet you are wondering, how can this work. First and -foremost, it work because tasksel is modular, and driven by whatever -files it find in /usr/lib/tasksel/ and /usr/share/tasksel/. So the -isenkram-cli package place two files for tasksel to find. First there -is the task description file (/usr/share/tasksel/descs/isenkram.desc):</p> - -<p><blockquote><pre> -Task: isenkram-packages -Section: hardware -Description: Hardware specific packages (autodetected by isenkram) - Based on the detected hardware various hardware specific packages are - proposed. -Test-new-install: show show -Relevance: 8 -Packages: for-current-hardware - -Task: isenkram-firmware -Section: hardware -Description: Hardware specific firmware packages (autodetected by isenkram) - Based on the detected hardware various hardware specific firmware - packages are proposed. -Test-new-install: mark show -Relevance: 8 -Packages: for-current-hardware-firmware -</pre></blockquote></p> - -<p>The key parts are Test-new-install which indicate how the task -should be handled and the Packages line referencing to a script in -/usr/lib/tasksel/packages/. The scripts use other scripts to get a -list of packages to install. The for-current-hardware-firmware script -look like this to list relevant firmware for the machine: - -<p><blockquote><pre> -#!/bin/sh -# -PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH -export PATH -isenkram-autoinstall-firmware -l -</pre></blockquote></p> - -<p>With those two pieces in place, the firmware is installed by -tasksel during the normal d-i run. :)</p> - -<p>If you want to test what tasksel will install when isenkram-cli is -installed, run <tt>DEBIAN_PRIORITY=critical tasksel --test ---new-install</tt> to get the list of packages that tasksel would -install.</p> - -<p><a href="https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/">Debian Edu</a> will be -pilots in testing this feature, as isenkram is used there now to -install firmware, replacing the earlier scripts.</p> + Proof reading the Norwegian translation of Free Culture by Lessig + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Proof_reading_the_Norwegian_translation_of_Free_Culture_by_Lessig.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Proof_reading_the_Norwegian_translation_of_Free_Culture_by_Lessig.html + Sat, 4 Apr 2015 09:30:00 +0200 + <p>During eastern I had some time to continue working on the Norwegian +<a href="http://www.docbook.org/">docbook</a> version of the 2004 book +<a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture</a> by Lawrence Lessig. +At the moment I am proof reading the finished text, looking for typos, +inconsistent wordings and sentences that do not flow as they should. +I'm more than two thirds done with the text, and welcome others to +check the text up to chapter 13. The current status is available on the +<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">github</a> +project pages. You can also check out the +<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.pdf?raw=true">PDF</a>, +<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.epub?raw=true">EPUB</a> +and HTML version available in the +<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/tree/master/archive">archive +directory</a>.</p> + +<p>Please report typos, bugs and improvements to the github project if +you find any.</p>