X-Git-Url: http://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/homepage.git/blobdiff_plain/4670db8c493b13f0e5943bbd89757deb459a997a..4f753f98b29463d262e20b4faba8cfa1ae3c0a07:/blog/index.rss diff --git a/blog/index.rss b/blog/index.rss index 64485f4e8a..11a0f0d177 100644 --- a/blog/index.rss +++ b/blog/index.rss @@ -7,545 +7,521 @@ - Saving power with Debian Edu / Skolelinux using shutdown-at-night - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Saving_power_with_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_using_shutdown_at_night.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Saving_power_with_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_using_shutdown_at_night.html - Sun, 5 Feb 2012 09:45:00 +0100 - <p>Since the Lenny version of -<a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a>, a -feature to save power have been included. It is as simple as it is -practical: Shut down unused clients at night, and turn them on again -in the morning. This is done using the -<a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/shutdown-at-night.html">shutdown-at-night</a> Debian package.</p> - -<p>To enable this feature on a client, the machine need to be added to -the netgroup shutdown-at-night-hosts. For Debian Edu, This is done in -LDAP, and once this is in place, the machine in question will check -every hour from 16:00 until 06:00 to see if the machine is unused, and -shut it down if it is. If the hardware in question is supported by -the -<a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/nvram-wakeup.html">nvram-wakeup</a> -package, the BIOS is told to turn the machine back on around 07:00 +- -10 minutes. If this isn't working, one can configure wake-on-lan to -try to turn on the client. The wake-on-lan option is only documented -and not enabled by default in Debian Edu.</p> - -<p>It is important to not turn all machines on at once, as this can -blow a fuse if several computers are connected to the same fuse like -the common setup for a classroom. The nvram-wakeup method only work -for machines with a functioning hardware/BIOS clock. I've seen old -machines where the BIOS battery were dead and the hardware clock were -starting from 0 (or was it 1990?) every boot. If you have one of -those, you have to turn on the computer manually.</p> - -<p>The shutdown-at-night package is completely self contained, and can -also be used outside the Debian Edu environment. For those without a -central LDAP server with netgroups, one can instead touch the file -<tt>/etc/shutdown-at-night/shutdown-at-night</tt> to enable it. -Perhaps you too can use it to save some power?</p> + HTC One X - Your video? What do you mean? + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/HTC_One_X___Your_video___What_do_you_mean_.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/HTC_One_X___Your_video___What_do_you_mean_.html + Thu, 26 Apr 2012 13:20:00 +0200 + <p>In <a href="http://www.idg.no/computerworld/article243690.ece">an +article today</a> published by Computerworld Norway, the photographer +<a href="http://www.urke.com/eirik/">Eirik Helland Urke</a> reports +that the video editor application included with +<a href="http://www.htc.com/www/smartphones/htc-one-x/#specs">HTC One +X</a> have some quite surprising terms of use. The article is mostly +based on the twitter message from mister Urke, stating: + +<p><blockquote> +"<a href="http://twitter.com/urke/status/194062269724897280">Drøy +brukeravtale: HTC kan bruke MINE redigerte videoer kommersielt. Selv +kan jeg KUN bruke dem privat</a>" +</blockquote></p> + +<p>I quickly translated it to this English message:</p> + +<p><blockquote> +"Arrogant user agreement: HTC can use MY edited videos +commercially. Although I can ONLY use them privately." +</blockquote></p> + +<p>I've been unable to find the text of the license term myself, but +suspect it is a variation of the MPEG-LA terms I +<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Terms_of_use_for_video_produced_by_a_Canon_IXUS_130_digital_camera.html">discovered +with my Canon IXUS 130</a>. The HTC One X specification specifies that +the recording format of the phone is .amr for audio and .mp3 for +video. AMR is +<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_audio_codec#Licensing_and_patent_issues">Adaptive +Multi-Rate audio codec</a> with patents which according to the +Wikipedia article require an license agreement with +<a href="http://www.voiceage.com/">VoiceAge</a>. MP4 is +<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC#Patent_licensing">MPEG4 with +H.264</a>, which according to Wikipedia require a licence agreement +with <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/">MPEG-LA</a>.</p> + +<p>I know why I prefer +<a href="http://www.digistan.org/open-standard:definition">free and open +standards</a> also for video.</p> - Third beta version of Debian Edu / Skolelinux based on Squeeze - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Third_beta_version_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Third_beta_version_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html - Sat, 4 Feb 2012 13:25:00 +0100 - <p>I am happy to announce that finally we managed today to wrap up and -publish the third beta version of -<a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a> based -on Squeeze. If you want to test a LDAP backed Kerberos server with -out of the box PXE configuration for running diskless machines and -installing new machines, check it out. If you need a software -solution for your school, check it out too. The full announcement is -<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/02/msg00000.html">available</a> -on the project announcement list.</p> - -<p>I am very happy to report these changes and improvements since -beta2 (there are more, see announcement for full list):</p> - -<ul> - -<li>It is now possible to change the pre-configured IP subnet from - 10.0.0.0/8 to something else by using the subnet-change tool after - the installation.</li> - -<li>Too full partitions are now automatically extended on the Main - Server, based on the rules specified in /etc/fsautoresizetab.</li> - -<li>The CUPS queues are now automatically flushed every night, and all - disabled queues are restarted every hour. This should cut down on - the amount of manual administration needed for printers.</li> - -<li>The set of initial users have been changed. Now a personal user - for the local system administrator is created during installation - instead of the previously created localadmin and super-admin users, - and this user is granted administrative privileges using group - membership. This reduces the number of passwords one need to keep - up to date on the system.</li> - -</ul> - -<p>The new main server seem to work so well that I am testing it as my -private DNS/LDAP/Kerberos/PXE/LTSP server at home. I will use it look -for issues we could fix to polish Debian Edu even further before the -final Squeeze release is published.</p> - -<p>Next weekend the project organise a -<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/01/msg00001.html">developer -gathering</a> in Oslo. We will continue the work on the Squeeze -version, and start initial planning for the Wheezy version. Perhaps I -will see you there?</p> + Holder de ord og NUUG lanserer testtjeneste med stortingsinformasjon + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Holder_de_ord_og_NUUG_lanserer_testtjeneste_med_stortingsinformasjon.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Holder_de_ord_og_NUUG_lanserer_testtjeneste_med_stortingsinformasjon.html + Sun, 22 Apr 2012 15:45:00 +0200 + <p>I +<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_har_mine_representanter_stemt_i_Storinget_.html">januar +i fjor</a> startet vi i NUUG arbeid med å gjøre informasjon om hvem +som har stemt hva på <a href="http://www.stortinget.no/">Stortinget</a> +enklere tilgjengelig. I løpet av få måneder fant vi sammen med +organisasjonen <a href="http://www.holderdeord.no/">Holder de ord</a> +som arbeidet mot et lignende mål.</p> + +<p>Siden den gang har vi fått tak i maskinelt lesbart informasjon om +hvem som stemte hva mellom 1990 og våren 2010, og tilgang til +stortingets nye datatjeneste som har informasjon fra høsten 2011 til i +dag. Det gjenstår litt arbeid med det første datasettet, men +datasettet fra høsten 2011 er klart til bruk. Begge datasettene er +tilgjengelig <a href="https://gitorious.org/nuug/folketingparser">via +git</a>.</p> + +<p>På +<a href="http://www.goopen.no/holder-de-ord-datadrevet-oppfolging-av-politiske-lofter/">Go Open</a> i morgen lanserer +NUUG sammen med Holder de ord <a href="http://beta.holderdeord.no/">en +test-tjeneste</a> som viser hva som er og blir behandlet på Stortinget og +hvem som har stemt hva siden oktober i fjor. Du får herved mulighet +til å ta en sniktitt.</p> - Handling non-free firmware in Debian Edu/Squeeze - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Handling_non_free_firmware_in_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Handling_non_free_firmware_in_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html - Fri, 27 Jan 2012 23:30:00 +0100 - <p>With some computer hardware, one need non-free firmware blobs. -This is the sad fact of todays computers. In the next version of -<a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a> based -on Squeeze, we provide several scripts and modifications to make -firmware blobs easier to handle. The common use case I run into is a -laptop with a wireless network card requiring non-free firmware to -work, but there are other use cases as well.</p> - -<p>First and foremost, Debian Edu provide ISO images for DVD and CD -with all firmware packages in the Debian sections main and non-free -included, to ensure debian-installer find and can install all of them -during installation. This take care firmware for network devices used -by the installer when installing from from local media. But for -example multimedia devices are not activated in the installer and are -not taken care of by this.</p> - -<p>For non-network devices, we provide the script -<tt>/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/auto-addfirmware</tt> which -search through the <tt>dmesg</tt> output for drivers requesting extra -firmware. The firmware file name is looked up in the Contents-ARCH.gz -file available in the package repository, and the packages providing -the requested firmware file(s) is installed. I have proposed to do -something similar in debian-installer (BTS report -<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/655507">#655507</a>), to allow PXE -installs of Debian to handle firmware installation better. Run the -script as root from the command line to fetch and install the needed -firmware packages.</p> - -<p>Debian Edu provide PXE installation of Debian out of the box, and -because some machines need firmware to get their network cards -working, the installation initrd some times need extra firmware -included to be able to install at all. To fill the PXE installation -initrd with extra firmware, the -<tt>/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/pxe-addfirmware</tt> script is -provided. Again, just run it as root on the command line to fill the -PXE initrd with firmware packages.</p> - -<p>Last, some LTSP clients might also need firmware to get their -network cards working. For this, -<tt>/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/ltsp-addfirmware</tt> is -provided to update the LTSP initrd with firmware blobs. It is used -the same way as the other firmware related tools.</p> - -<p>At the moment, we do not run any of these during installation. We -do not know if this is acceptable for the local administrator to use -non-free software, and it is their choice.</p> - -<p>We plan to release beta3 this weekend. You might want to give it a -try.</p> + RAND terms - non-reasonable and discriminatory + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/RAND_terms___non_reasonable_and_discriminatory.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/RAND_terms___non_reasonable_and_discriminatory.html + Thu, 19 Apr 2012 22:20:00 +0200 + <p>Here in Norway, the +<a href="http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/fad.html?id=339"> Ministry of +Government Administration, Reform and Church Affairs</a> is behind +a <a href="http://standard.difi.no/forvaltningsstandarder">directory of +standards</a> that are recommended or mandatory for use by the +government. When the directory was created, the people behind it made +an effort to ensure that everyone would be able to implement the +standards and compete on equal terms to supply software and solutions +to the government. Free software and non-free software could compete +on the same level.</p> + +<p>But recently, some standards with RAND +(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_and_non-discriminatory_licensing">Reasonable +And Non-Discriminatory</a>) terms have made their way into the +directory. And while this might not sound too bad, the fact is that +standard specifications with RAND terms often block free software from +implementing them. The reasonable part of RAND mean that the cost per +user/unit is low,and the non-discriminatory part mean that everyone +willing to pay will get a license. Both sound great in theory. In +practice, to get such license one need to be able to count users, and +be able to pay a small amount of money per unit or user. By +definition, users of free software do not need to register their use. +So counting users or units is not possible for free software projects. +And given that people will use the software without handing any money +to the author, it is not really economically possible for a free +software author to pay a small amount of money to license the rights +to implement a standard when the income available is zero. The result +in these situations is that free software are locked out from +implementing standards with RAND terms.</p> + +<p>Because of this, when I see someone claiming the terms of a +standard is reasonable and non-discriminatory, all I can think of is +how this really is non-reasonable and discriminatory. Because free +software developers are working in a global market, it does not really +help to know that software patents are not supposed to be enforceable +in Norway. The patent regimes in other countries affect us even here. +I really hope the people behind the standard directory will pay more +attention to these issues in the future.</p> + +<p>You can find more on the issues with RAND, FRAND and RAND-Z terms +from Simon Phipps +(<a href="http://blogs.computerworlduk.com/simon-says/2010/11/rand-not-so-reasonable/">RAND: +Not So Reasonable?</a>).</p> + +<p>Update 2012-04-21: Just came across a +<a href="http://blogs.computerworlduk.com/open-enterprise/2012/04/of-microsoft-netscape-patents-and-open-standards/index.htm">blog +post from Glyn Moody</a> over at Computer World UK warning about the +same issue, and urging people to speak out to the UK government. I +can only urge Norwegian users to do the same for +<a href="http://www.standard.difi.no/hoyring/hoyring-om-nye-anbefalte-it-standarder">the +hearing taking place at the moment</a> (respond before 2012-04-27). +It proposes to require video conferencing standards including +specifications with RAND terms.</p> - Skjermbilder fra nordsamisk installasjon av Skolelinux/Squeeze - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skjermbilder_fra_nordsamisk_installasjon_av_Skolelinux_Squeeze.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skjermbilder_fra_nordsamisk_installasjon_av_Skolelinux_Squeeze.html - Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:00:00 +0100 - <p>For morro skyld har jeg gjennomført en nordsamisk installasjon for -neste utgave av <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Skolelinux</a> -(Squeeze) og knipset skjermbilder av resultatet.</p> - -<p>Som en kan se der er det noen oversettelser som mangler. Det hadde -vært hyggelig hvis alle tekstene som vises i Skolelinux-installasjonen -ble oversatt til nordsamisk, men for å få det til må noen som forstår -språket melde seg til dyst. Det er mangel på nordsamiske oversettere -av fri programvare. Hvis noen starter raskt, så bør en rekke å -fullføre Wheezy-utgaven før den gis ut. :)</p> - -<p>Se <a href="http://d-i.debian.org/l10n-stats/">oversetterstatistikk for -debian installer</a> for detaljert status. Jeg har tipset -<a href="https://lister.ping.uio.no/mailman/listinfo/i18n-sme">epostlisten for samiskoversettelser</a>, -men det har vært veldig liten aktivitet der de siste årene.</p> - -<p><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/01-isomenu.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/01-isomenu.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/02-sme-lang.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/02-sme-lang.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/03-sme-place.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/03-sme-place.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/04-sme-keymap.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/04-sme-keymap.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/05-sme-profile.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/05-sme-profile.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/06-sme-autopart.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/06-sme-autopart.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/07-sme-popcon.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/07-sme-popcon.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/08-sme-rootpw1.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/08-sme-rootpw1.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/09-sme-rootpw2.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/09-sme-rootpw2.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/10-sme-firstuser.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/10-sme-firstuser.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/11-sme-firstusername.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/11-sme-firstusername.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/12-sme-firstuserpw1.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/12-sme-firstuserpw1.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/13-sme-firstuserpw2.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/13-sme-firstuserpw2.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/14-sme-part.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/14-sme-part.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/15-sme-debootstrap.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/15-sme-debootstrap.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/16-sme-tasksel.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/16-sme-tasksel.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/17-sme-wordlist.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/17-sme-wordlist.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/18-sme-tasksel.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/18-sme-tasksel.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/19-sme-ltsp.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/19-sme-ltsp.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/20-sme-grub.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/20-sme-grub.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/21-sme-finish-install.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/21-sme-finish-install.png" width="40%"></a> -<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/22-sme-finish-message.png"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/22-sme-finish-message.png" width="40%"></a></p> + Forskning: "GPL gir lokal frihet og kontroll gjennom omfordeling av makt fra produsent til bruker" + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Forskning___GPL_gir_lokal_frihet_og_kontroll_gjennom_omfordeling_av_makt_fra_produsent_til_bruker_.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Forskning___GPL_gir_lokal_frihet_og_kontroll_gjennom_omfordeling_av_makt_fra_produsent_til_bruker_.html + Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 +0200 + <p>Da jeg googlet etter noe annet kom jeg tilfeldigvis over +<a href="http://www.duo.uio.no/sok/work.html?WORKID=58309">en +hovedfagsoppgave</a> ved Universitetet i Oslo som diskuterer verdien +av GPLs fire friheter for brukerne av IT-systemer. Jeg ble fascinert +over det som presenteres der. Her er sammendraget:</p> + +<p><blockquote> + +<p>Motivasjonen til å skrive denne oppgaven er en personlig undring +over hvorfor det primært, og ofte eksklusivt, fokuseres på det +økonomiske aspektet ved utredninger om fri programvare er et godt valg +for det offentlige. Fri og produsenteid programvare bygger på +fundamentalt forskjellige ideologier som kan ha implikasjoner utover +økonomiske kostnader. Kunnskapskulturen som er med på å definere fri +programvare er basert på åpenhet, og er en verdi i seg selv.</p> + +<p>Oppgavens tema er programvarelisensen GPL og frihet. GPL-lisensiert +programvare gir visse friheter i forhold til produsenteid +programvare. Mitt spørsmål er om, og eventuelt i hvilken utstrekning, +disse frihetene blir benyttet av ulike brukere og hvordan de +manifesterer seg for disse brukerne. Sentrale spørsmål i oppgaven +er:</p> + +<ul> +<li>Hvordan fordeles handlekraft gjennom lisensieringen av programvaren?</li> +<li>Hvilke konsekvenser har programvarelisensen for de ulike brukere? </li> +</ul> + +<p>Fri programvare gir blant annet brukeren mulighet til å studere og +modifisere kildekoden. Denne formen for frihet erverves gjennom +kunnskap og krever at brukeren også er en ekspert. Hva skjer med +frihetene til GPL når sluttbrukeren er en annen? Dette diskuteres i +dialog med informantene.</p> + +<p>Jeg har i denne oppgaven samlet inn intervjudata fra IKT-ansvarlige +ved grunnskolene i Nittedal kommune, driftsansvarlig og IKT-veilederen +for skolene i kommunen, samt IKT-koordinator for utdanning i Akershus +fylkeskommune og bokmåloversettere av OpenOffice.org. Den empiriske +delen av oppgaven er delt inn i to seksjoner; den første omhandler +operativsystemet Skolelinux, den andre kontorprogrampakken +OpenOffice.org.</p> + +<p>Som vi vil se gir GPL lokal frihet og kontroll gjennom omfordeling +av makt fra produsent til bruker. Brukerens makt analyseres gjennom +begrepene brukermedvirkning og handlingsfrihet. Det blir også lagt +vekt på strukturelle forhold rundt bruken av teknologi, og spesielt de +økonomiske begrepene nettverkseksternaliteter, innlåsing og +stiavhengighet. Dette er begreper av spesiell nytte når objektet som +omsettes eller distribueres er et kommunikasjonsprodukt, fordi verdien +til et slikt gode for en potensiell bruker avhenger av antall +eksisterende brukere av godet. I tilknytning til denne problematikken +inneholder oppgaven også en diskusjon rundt åpne standarder og +formater.</p> + +<p>Oppgaven konkluderer med at de «fire frihetene» som GPL-lisensen er +laget for å beskytte er av avgjørende betydning for bruken av +OpenOffice.org og Skolelinux, i Akershus fylkeskommune såvel som i +skolene i Nittedal. Distribusjonen av handlekraft er ikke helt +symmetrisk. Det er først og fremst de profesjonelle utviklerne i +Skolelinux som direkte kan nyttiggjøre seg friheten til å endre kode, +mens en sluttbruker som Nittedal kommune nyttiggjør seg den økonomiske +friheten til å kunne distribuere programmene. Det er imidlertid også +slik at ingen aktør klarer seg uten alle disse «frihetene».</p> +</blockquote></p> + +<p>Jeg fant også en masteroppgave fra 2006, men der ligger ikke +komplett oppgave tilgjengelig. På tide å holde et øye med +<a href="http://www.duo.uio.no/sok/search.html?q=skolelinux">Skolelinux-søket</a> +til DUO...</p> + - Setting up a new school with Debian Edu/Squeeze - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Setting_up_a_new_school_with_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Setting_up_a_new_school_with_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html - Wed, 25 Jan 2012 21:00:00 +0100 - <p>The next version of <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu -/ Skolelinux</a> will include a new tool -<tt>sitesummary2ldapdhcp</tt>, which can be used to quickly set up all -the computers in a school without much manual labour. Here is a short -summary on how to use it to set up a new school.</p> - -<p>First, install a combined Main Server and Thin Client Server as the -central server in the network. Next, PXE boot all the client machines -as thin clients and wait 5 minutes after the last client booted to -allow the clients to report their existence to the central server. When -this is done, log on to the central server and run -<tt>sitesummary2ldapdhcp -a</tt> in the <tt>konsole</tt> to use the -collected information to generate system objects in LDAP. The output -will look similar to this:</p> - -<p><blockquote><pre> -% sitesummary2ldapdhcp -a -info: Updating machine tjener.intern [10.0.2.2] id ether-00:01:02:03:04:05. -info: Create GOsa machine for auto-mac-00-01-02-03-04-06 [10.0.16.20] id ether-00:01:02:03:04:06. - -Enter password if you want to activate these changes, and ^c to abort. - -Connecting to LDAP as cn=admin,ou=ldap-access,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no -enter password: ******* -% -</pre></blockquote></p> - -<p>After providing the LDAP administrative password (the same as the -root password set during installation), the LDAP database will be -populated with system objects for each PXE booted machine with -automatically generated names. The final step to set up the school is -then to log into <a href="https://oss.gonicus.de/labs/gosa/">GOsa</a>, -the web based user, group and system administration system to change -system names, add systems to the correct host groups and finally -enable DHCP and DNS for the systems. All clients that should be used -as diskless workstations should be added to the workstation-hosts -group. After this is done, all computers can be booted again via PXE -and get their assigned names and group based configuration -automatically.</p> - -<p>We plan to release beta3 with the updated version of this feature -enabled this weekend. You might want to give it a try.</p> - -<p>Update 2012-01-28: When calling sitesummary2ldapdhcp to add new -hosts, one need to add the option -a. I forgot to mention this in my -original text, and have added it to the text now.</p> + Debian Edu interview: Andreas Mundt + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Andreas_Mundt.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Andreas_Mundt.html + Sun, 15 Apr 2012 12:10:00 +0200 + <p>Behind <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu and +Skolelinux</a> there are a lot of people doing the hard work of +setting together all the pieces. This time I present to you Andreas +Mundt, who have been part of the technical development team several +years. He was also a key contributor in getting GOsa and Kerberos set +up in the recently released +<a href="http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Squeeze">Debian +Edu Squeeze</a> version.</p> + +<p><strong>Who are you, and how do you spend your days?</strong></p> + +<p>My name is Andreas Mundt, I grew up in south Germany. After +studying Physics I spent several years at university doing research in +Quantum Optics. After that I worked some years in an optics company. +Finally I decided to turn over a new leaf in my life and started +teaching 10 to 19 years old kids at school. I teach math, physics, +information technology and science/technology.</p> + +<p><strong>How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux/Debian Edu +project?</strong></p> + +<p>Already before I switched to teaching, I followed the Debian Edu +project because of my interest in education and Debian. Within the +qualification/training period for the teaching, I started +contributing.</p> + +<p><strong>What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian +Edu?</strong></p> + +<p>The advantages of Debian Edu are the well known name, the +out-of-the-box philosophy and of course the great free software of the +Debian Project!</p> + +<p><strong>What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux/Debian +Edu?</strong></p> + +<p>As every coin has two sides, the out-of-the-box philosophy has its +downside, too. In my opinion, it is hard to modify and tweak the +setup, if you need or want that. Further more, it is not easily +possible to upgrade the system to a new release. It takes much too +long after a Debian release to prepare the -Edu release, perhaps +because the number of developers working on the core of the code is +rather small and often busy elsewhere.</p> + +<p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/DebianLAN">Debian LAN</a> +project might fill the use case of a more flexible system.</p> + +<p><strong>Which free software do you use daily?</strong></p> + +<p>I am only using non-free software if I am forced to and run Debian +on all my machines. For documents I prefer LaTeX and PGF/TikZ, then +mutt and iceweasel for email respectively web browsing. At school I +have Arduino and Fritzing in use for a micro controller project.</p> + +<p><strong>Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to +get schools to use free software?</strong></p> + +<p>One of the major problems is the vendor lock-in from top to bottom: +Especially in combination with ignorant government employees and +politicians, this works out great for the "market-leader". The school +administration here in Baden-Wuerttemberg is occupied by that vendor. +Documents have to be prepared in non-free, proprietary formats. Even +free browsers do not work for the school administration. Publishers +of school books provide software only for proprietary platforms.</p> + +<p>To change this, political work is very important. Parts of the +political spectrum have become aware of the problem in the last years. +However it takes quite some time and courageous politicians to 'free' +the system. There is currently some discussion about "Open Data" and +"Free/Open Standards". I am not sure if all the involved parties have +a clue about the potential of these ideas, and probably only a +fraction takes them seriously. However it might slowly make free +software and the philosophy behind it more known and popular.</p> - Skolelinux-intervju: Paul Reidar Løsnesløkken - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Paul_Reidar_L_snesl_kken.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Paul_Reidar_L_snesl_kken.html - Wed, 18 Jan 2012 14:30:00 +0100 - <p>I serien med intervjuer av folk i -<a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Skolelinux</a>-miljøet, har jeg nå -lyktes med å få tak i en skolemann som ikke er aktiv med utviklingen, -men likevel har vært med nesten siden starten av prosjektet. Jeg -ønsker derfor velkommen til Paul Reidar Løsnesløkken, en mann med -mange års erfaring i bruk av Skolelinux.</p> - -<p><strong>Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?</strong></p> - -<p>Jeg driftet tidligere IKT løsningen for skolene i -<a href="http://www.nord-odal.kommune.no/">Nord-Odal</a>. I dag er jeg -IKT-konsulent for hele kommunen og samarbeider med -<a href="http://www.hedmarken-ikt.no/">Hedmark-IKT</a> for best mulig -tjenester til kommunen. Jeg har bakgrunn som elektronikkreparatør og -grunnskolelærer og har tatt en del fag innen IKT, i hovedsak -driftsfag. IKT i Nord-Odal kommune blir i dag driftet av Hedmark IKT -som er et samarbeid mellom Løten, Stange, Grue, Hamar, Kongsvinger og -Nord-Odal. Jeg er fortsatt "IKT-personen" på skolene i kommunen og -følger opp og gjør enkelte mindre endringer der.</p> - -<p><strong>Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?</strong></p> - -<p>Kommunen satset på Skolelinux i 2004. Jeg var ikke med i -beslutningsprosessen den gang, men ble likevel med fra starten når -dette ble levert.</p> - -<p><strong>Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?</strong></p> - -<p>Fordelene med Skolelinux er rask oppstart, sentral drift av -klientene, klienter som jobber raskt og effektivt, bedre -funksjonalitet på eldre utstyr og en ganske god programpakke med fri -programvare som følger med. Løsningen med halvtykke klienter gjør at -prosessering skjer lokalt med alltid ferske maskiner.</p> - -<p>Skolelinux kan fungere godt på gammelt utstyr, men det er klart at -utstyr også blir for gammelt selv for Skolelinux. I forbindelese med -at vi nylig fikk nye servere og ny installasjon kastet jeg ut ca 60 -klienter som fortsatt var i drift etter at de var kjøpt godt brukt i -2004. Noe var rundt 15 år gammelt, men var fortsatt i bruk. Noen -klaget på at det nå gikk veldig tregt på en del pedagogiske nettsider -med flash o.l. Det er fullt forståelig.</p> - -<p>Jeg fikk nylig et spørsmål fra ungdomsskolens rektor om jeg kunne -legge inn <a href="http://freemind.sourceforge.net/">FreeMind</a>, et -tankekartprogram , på skolens elev-Windowsmaskiner. Lærerne hadde -vært på kurs og ville ta dette i bruk. Skolen har ca halvparten av -elevmaskinene på bærbare Windowsmaskiner. Da kunne jeg fortelle at -dette programmet allerede lå inne på den nye Skolelinuxløsningen -som nettopp var satt i drift, klart til bruk.</p> - -<p>Vi har de bærbare maskinene på ungdomsskolen i domene med -Skolelinux. Dette fungerer også meget bra nå. Elevene får opp en -midlertidig windowsprofil når de logger på. Denne profilen slettes -etter at de logger av, noe som medfører rene profiler hver gang de -starter opp en maskin. De må lagre i sin Skolelinprofil, noe som -medfører at de får tak i sine filer uavhengig av om de starter en -Windowsmaskin eller en Skolelinuxklient. Det er mye mindre trafikk i -det trådløse nettet etter at ikke hele profiler blir lastet opp til de -enkelte Windowsmaskinene og tilbake når man avslutter. Jeg vet ikke om -dette er standardoppsett i Skolelinux, men slik er vårt oppsett -nå.</p> - -<p>Vi har i flere år satt opp vår løsning slik at skriverkøer slettes -og skrivere startes hver natt. Hyggelig å høre at dette nå skal bli -en standard i Skolelinuxløsningen. Dette har vært en god hjelp for -oss.</p> - -<p>Elevene er lite opptatt av om de jobber på en Skolelinux eller en -Windowsmaskin bare de har de programmene de trenger og at det virker -når det skal brukes. Vi kjører mest mulig de samme programmene på -Windows som i Skolelinux, som f.eks Audacity og LibreOffice.</p> - -<p><strong>Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?</strong></p> - -<p>Lærere bruker hos oss Windows. Dette fordi de da selv har mer -kontroll over sin maskin, kan bruke den overalt, og kan legge inn -programmer selv når de trenger noe i forhold til kurs o.l de er -på. Jeg tror lærernes selvstendighet her gjør dem tryggere på IKT-bruk -generelt. Det at de av og til får opp advarsler og lignende gjør også -at de må tenke igjennom og spørre om ting rundt datasikkerhet.</p> - -<p>Det er en del programmer vi bruker som ikke finnes for Linux. Mest -brukt er nok Photostory3 som brukes i mange sammenhenger, særlig på -ungdomsskolen, bl.a. til å lage herbarier (plantesamling) . Dette -finnes gratis for Windows, men er ikke fri programvare. Vi er opptatt -av at programmer elevene bruker på skolen også kan brukes gratis -hjemme. Det er også en del programmer som brukes til spesielle elever -som bare går i Windows. Det er viktig med fokus på funksjoner og ikke -på hvilket OS man bruker.</p> - -<p>For oss er det kombinasjonen mellom Skolelinux og Windows som gir -oss en god og hel løsning. Skolelinux er best der de er gode.</p> - -<p><strong>Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?</strong></p> - -<p>Selv er det LibreOffice jeg bruker til daglig. Jeg bruker selv en -Windowsmaskin. Jeg har benyttet en del fri programvare i forbindelse -med sjekking av trafikk i nettverk, slik som Wireshark, men dette er -jo ikke aktuelt for skolene. Jeg er generelt glad i programmer som -fungerer på både Linux og Windows og gjerne MAC.</p> - -<p><strong>Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få -skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?</strong></p> - -<p>Det er viktig at det benyttes programmer som elevene også kan ta i -bruk hjemme. Det skal da være enkelt, lovlig og gratis for -elevene. Da er jeg ikke lenger veldig opptatt av om det kalles "fri -programvare". For skolene tror jeg "gratis" og "funksjonelt" er bedre -begreper enn "fri" i forhold til programmer. De fleste skiller nok -ikke mellom "fri" og "gratis". Det er nå svært mange elever som -benytter OpenOffice eller LibreOffice som sin primære kontorpakke -hjemme.</p> + Jeg skal på konferansen Go Open 2012 + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Jeg_skal_p__konferansen_Go_Open_2012.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Jeg_skal_p__konferansen_Go_Open_2012.html + Fri, 13 Apr 2012 11:30:00 +0200 + <p>Jeg har tenkt meg på konferansen <a href="http://www.goopen.no/">Go +Open 2012</a> i Oslo 23. april. +<a href="http://www.nuug.no/">Medlemsforeningen NUUG</a> deler ut +<a href="http://www.nuug.no/prisen/">prisen for fremme av fri +programvare i Norge</a> der i år. Kommer du?</p> - Changing the default Iceweasel start page in Debian Edu/Squeeze - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Changing_the_default_Iceweasel_start_page_in_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Changing_the_default_Iceweasel_start_page_in_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html - Tue, 10 Jan 2012 15:30:00 +0100 - <p>In the Squeeze version of -<a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a> soon -to be released, users of the system will get their default browser -start page set from LDAP, allowing the system administrator to point -all users to the school web page by updating one setting in LDAP. In -addition to setting the default start page when a machine boots, users -are shown the same page as a welcome page when they log in for the -first time.</p> - -<p>The LDAP object dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no have an attribute -labeledURI with "http://www/ LDAP for Debian Edu/Skolelinux" as the -default content. By changing this value to another URL, all users get -to see the page behind this new URL.</p> - -<p>An easy way to update it is by using the ldapvi tool. It can be -called as "<tt>ldapvi -ZD '(cn=admin)'</tt>' to update LDAP with the -new setting.</p> - -<p>We have written the code to adjust the default start page and show -the welcome page, and I wonder if there is an easier way to do this -from within Iceweasel instead.</p> + Debian Edu interview: Justin B. Rye + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Justin_B__Rye.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Justin_B__Rye.html + Sun, 8 Apr 2012 10:50:00 +0200 + <p>It take all kind of contributions to create a Linux distribution +like <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a>, +and this time I lend the ear to Justin B. Rye, who is listed as a big +contributor to the +<a href="http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Squeeze">Debian +Edu Squeeze release manual</a>. + +<p><strong>Who are you, and how do you spend your days?</strong></p> + +<p>I'm a 44-year-old linguistics graduate living in Edinburgh who has +occasionally been employed as a sysadmin.</p> + +<p><strong>How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux/Debian Edu +project?</strong></p> + +<p>I'm neither a developer nor a Skolelinux/Debian Edu user! The only +reason my name's in the credits for the documentation is that I hang +around on debian-l10n-english waiting for people to mention things +they'd like a native English speaker to proofread... So I did a sweep +through the wiki for typos and Norglish and inconsistent spellings of +"localisation".</p> + +<p><strong>What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian +Edu?</strong></p> + +<p><strong>What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux/Debian +Edu?</strong></p> + +<p>These questions are too hard for me - I don't use it! In fact I +had hardly any contact with I.T. until long after I'd got out of the +education system.</p> + +<p>I can tell you the advantages of Debian for me though: it soaks up +as much of my free time as I want and no more, and lets me do +everything I want a computer for without ever forcing me to spend +money on the latest hardware.</p> + +<p><strong>Which free software do you use daily?</strong></p> + +<p>I've been using Debian since Rex; popularity-contest says the +software that I use most is xinit, xterm, and xulrunner (in other +words, I use a distinctly retro sort of desktop).</p> + +<p><strong>Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to +get schools to use free software?</strong></p> + +<p>Well, I don't know. I suppose I'd be inclined to try reasoning +with the people who make the decisions, but obviously if that worked +you would hardly need a strategy.</p> - Second beta version of Debian Edu / Skolelinux based on Squeeze - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Second_beta_version_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Second_beta_version_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html - Sat, 7 Jan 2012 22:50:00 +0100 - <p>I am happy to announce that today we managed to wrap up and publish -the second beta version of -<a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a>. If -you want to test a LDAP backed Kerberos server with out of the box PXE -configuration for running diskless machines and installing new -machines, check it out. If you need a software solution for your -school, check it out too. The full announcement is -<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/01/msg00000.html">available</a> -on the project announcement list.</p> + Why the KDE menu is slow when /usr/ is NFS mounted - and a workaround + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Why_the_KDE_menu_is_slow_when__usr__is_NFS_mounted___and_a_workaround.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Why_the_KDE_menu_is_slow_when__usr__is_NFS_mounted___and_a_workaround.html + Fri, 6 Apr 2012 22:40:00 +0200 + <p>Recently I have spent time with +<a href="http://www.slxdrift.no/">Skolelinux Drift AS</a> on speeding +up a <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a> +Lenny installation using LTSP diskless workstations, and in the +process I discovered something very surprising. The reason the KDE +menu was responding slow when using it for the first time, was mostly +due to the way KDE find application icons. I discovered that showing +the Multimedia menu would cause more than 20 000 IP packages to be +passed between the LTSP client and the NFS server. Most of these were + +NFS LOOKUP calls, resulting in a NFS3ERR_NOENT response. Because the +ping times between the client and the server were in the range 2-20 +ms, the menus would be very slow. Looking at the strace of kicker in +Lenny (or plasma-desktop i Squeeze - same problem there), I see that +the source of these NFS calls are access(2) system calls for +non-existing files. KDE can do hundreds of access(2) calls to find +one icon file. In my example, just finding the mplayer icon required +around 230 access(2) calls.</p> + +<p>The KDE code seem to search for icons using a list of icon +directories, and the list of possible directories is large. In +(almost) each directory, it look for files ending in .png, .svgz, .svg +and .xpm. The result is a very slow KDE menu when /usr/ is NFS +mounted. Showing a single sub menu may result in thousands of NFS +requests. I am not the first one to discover this. I found a +<a href="https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=211416">KDE bug report +from 2009</a> about this problem, and it is still unsolved.</p> + +<p>My solution to speed up the KDE menu was to create a package +kde-icon-cache that upon installation will look at all .desktop files +used to generate the KDE menu, find their icons, search the icon paths +for the file that KDE will end up finding at run time, and copying the +icon file to /var/lib/kde-icon-cache/. Finally, I add symlinks to +these icon files in one of the first directories where KDE will look +for them. This cut down the number of file accesses required to find +one icon from several hundred to less than 5, and make the KDE menu +almost instantaneous. I'm not quite sure where to make the package +publicly available, so for now it is only available on request.</p> + +<p>The bug report mention that this do not only affect the KDE menu +and icon handling, but also the login process. Not quite sure how to +speed up that part without replacing NFS with for example NBD, and +that is not really an option at the moment.</p> + +<p>If you got feedback on this issue, please let us know on debian-edu +(at) lists.debian.org.</p> - Fixing an hanging debian installer for Debian Edu - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Fixing_an_hanging_debian_installer_for_Debian_Edu.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Fixing_an_hanging_debian_installer_for_Debian_Edu.html - Tue, 3 Jan 2012 11:25:00 +0100 - <p>During christmas, I have been working getting the next version of -<a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a> ready -for release. The initial problem I looked at was particularly -interesting.</p> - -<P>The installer would hang at the end when it was doing it -post-installation configuration, and whatevery I did to try to find -the cause and fix it always worked while I tested it, but never when I -integrated it into the installer and ran the installation from -scratch. I would try to restart processes, close file descriptors, -remove or create files, and the installer would always unblock and -wrap up its tasks.</p> - -<p>Eventually the cause was found. The kernel was simply running out -of entropy, causing the Kerberos setup to hang waiting for more. -Pressing keys was adding entropy to the kernel, and thus all my tries -to fix the problem worked not because what I was typing to fix it, but -because I was typing.</P> - -<p>The fix I implemented was to add a background process looking at -the level of entropy in the kernel (by checking -/proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail), and if it was too small, the -installer will flush the kernel file buffers and do 'find /' to -generate some disk IO. Disk IO generate entropy in the kernel, and is -one of the few things that can be initated from within the system to -generate entropy.</p> - -<p>The fix is in -<a href="http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Squeeze/Installation">beta1 -of the Debian Edu/Squeeze</a> version, and we -<a href="http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu">welcome more testers and -developers</a>. We plan to release beta2 this weekend.</p> + Debian Edu in the Linux Weekly News + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_in_the_Linux_Weekly_News.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_in_the_Linux_Weekly_News.html + Thu, 5 Apr 2012 08:00:00 +0200 + <p>About two weeks ago, I was interviewed via email about +<a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu and Skolelinux</a> by +Bruce Byfield in Linux Weekly News. The result was made public for +non-subscribers today. I am pleased to see liked our Linux solution +for schools. Check out his article +<a href="https://lwn.net/Articles/488805/">Debian Edu/Skolelinux: A +distribution for education</a> if you want to learn more.</p> - Skolelinux-intervju: Peter Hansteen - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Peter_Hansteen.html - http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Peter_Hansteen.html - Sun, 11 Dec 2011 23:10:00 +0100 - <p>Etter en lang pause er det klart for neste mann ut i min serie med -intervjuer av -<a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Skolelinux</a>-relaterte personer. - -Denne gangen har jeg besøk av et avtroppende styremedlem i -<a href="http://www.friprogramvareiskolen.no/">FRISK</a>, og en mann -som har vært aktiv i Linux-miljøet i Bergen siden 90-tallet.</p> - -<p><strong>Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?</strong></p> - -<p>Jeg heter Peter Hansteen, og jobber til daglig som seniorkonsulent -i EDB ErgoGroup i Bergen. I praksis betyr det systemadministrasjon på -Unix (primært Solaris, men en viss komponent av Linux). Men Solaris -er for meg et relativt nytt bekjentskap, hovedplattformen min har -generelt vært OpenBSD og til dels FreeBSD.</p> - -<p><strong>Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?</strong></p> - -<p>Jeg husker ikke helt alle detaljene mer ;) - men jeg tror det var -gjennom news-gruppen no.it.os.unix.linux.diverse, efn-listen og -etterhvert også BLUG-miljøet her i Bergen. Vi hadde et par -Skolelinux-sentrerte BLUG-møter for noen år siden, og det har vært et -par Skolelinux-utviklersamlinger her.</p> - -<p><strong>Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?</strong></p> - -<p>Jeg bruker dessverre ikke Skolelinux daglig. Men slik jeg kjenner -prosjektet har det vært i stand til å ta opp i seg det beste av fri -programvare i mange kategorier, så fra et sysadmin-perspektiv ser det -ut som en svært behagelig sak. For brukerne er det vel både en fordel -og en ulempe at det ikke er Windows. Men vi håper at fordelene med et -fritt system etterhvert vil bli åpenbare for både elever, lærekrefter -og foreldre.</p> - -<p><strong>Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?</strong></p> - -<p>Vel, ulempen er vel først og fremst at andre aktører med mer -kapitalmuskel har klart å etablere seg som det både lærere og foreldre -føler seg trygge på, selv om det etter mitt hode ikke er noen grunn -til å være spesielt trygg på de kommersielle alternativene.</p> - -<p><strong>Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?</strong></p> - -<p>Når jeg får bestemme helt selv, bruker jeg kun fri programvare. Da -helst med vekt på ting som kjører greit på OpenBSD. Hjemme er det -OpenBSD, Ubuntu eller FreeBSD vi bruker. På skrivebordet er det en -avveining mellom Gnome, KDE eller hva-det-nå-heter som er -standardvalget i Ubuntu, ellers er det de kjente tingene som -LibreOffice, Emacs, mplayer. På server er det selvfølgelig Apache, -for overvåking både OpenNMS og Nagios (det bare ble sånn, og -forskjellige siter). Jeg skriver til tider om slikt jeg holder på med -på -<a href="http://bsdly.blogspot.com">http://bsdly.blogspot.com</a>.</p> - -<p>Men vi må nevne at selv vi har en Microsoft-ting som vi slår på når -vi av en eller annen grunn må. Det betyr igjen vanligvis når en -mobiltelefon eller en annen lukket elektronisk dings krever kontakt -via en slik for å få oppdateringene sine.</p> - -<p><strong>Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få -skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?</strong></p> - -<p>Hadde vi hatt det rette svaret på det spørsmålet, så hadde vi -gjerne hatt Skolelinux som førstevalg på alle skoler ;)</p> - -<p>Men jeg tror vi må legge vekt på flere forskjellige ting. En helt -sentral sak er å fokusere på fri programvare og åpne standarder som de -demokratiske verdiene de faktisk er. Det har kanskje kommet litt for -mye i bakgrunnen i forhold til strevet etter å lage det mest mulig -'brukervennlige' systemet. Det er en tung vei å gå, så det er -forståelig at freenix-aktivister heller velger å skrive kode og annet -som er mer lystbetont. Mer praktisk tror jeg vi må gjøre i alle fall -to ting: For det første sørge for å fortsette med å levere det best -mulige frie produktet, slik at det er lett å både komme i gang og -holde systemene i daglig drift, og for det andre 2) spore opp mulige -aktivister der de finnes, via lokale brukergrupper, sosiale medier -eller annet og sørge for at de fortsetter å være aktive. Mer og -mindre uformelle treff kan være nyttig i tillegg til de mer -organiserte møtene med foredrag, konferanser og utviklersamlinger.</p> + Debian Edu interview: Wolfgang Schweer + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Wolfgang_Schweer.html + http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Wolfgang_Schweer.html + Sun, 1 Apr 2012 23:00:00 +0200 + <p>Germany is a core area for the +<a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu and Skolelinux</a> +user community, and this time I managed to get hold of Wolfgang +Schweer, a valuable contributor to the project from Germany. + +<p><strong>Who are you, and how do you spend your days?</strong></p> + +<p>I've studied Mathematics at the university 'Ruhr-Universität' in +Bochum, Germany. Since 1981 I'm working as a teacher at the school +"<a href="http://www.westfalenkolleg-dortmund.de/">Westfalen-Kolleg +Dortmund</a>", a second chance school. Here, young adults is given +the opportunity to get further education in order to do the school +examination 'Abitur', which will allow to study at a university. This +second chance is of value for those who want a better job perspective +or failed to get a higher school examination being teens.</p> + +<p>Besides teaching I was involved in developing online courses for a +blended learning project called 'abitur-online.nrw' and in some other +information technology related projects. For about ten years I've been +teacher and coordinator for the 'abitur-online' project at my +school. Being now in my early sixties, I've decided to leave school at +the end of April this year.</p> + +<p><strong>How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux/Debian Edu +project?</strong></p> + +<p>The first information about Skolelinux must have come to my +attention years ago and somehow related to LTSP (Linux Terminal Server +Project). At school, we had set up a network at the beginning of 1997 +using Suse Linux on the desktop, replacing a Novell network. Since +2002, we used old machines from the city council of Dortmund as thin +clients (LTSP, later Ubuntu/Lessdisks) cause new hardware was out of +reach. At home I'm using Debian since years and - subscribed to the +Debian news letter - heard from time to time about Skolelinux. About +two years ago I proposed to replace the (somehow undocumented and only +known to me) system at school by a well known Debian based system: +Skolelinux.</p> + +<p>Students and teachers appreciated the new system because of a +better look and feel and an enhanced access to local media on thin +clients. The possibility to alter and/or reset passwords using a GUI +was welcomed, too. Being able to do administrative tasks using a GUI +and to easily set up workstations using PXE was of very high value for +the admin teachers.</p> + +<p><strong>What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian +Edu?</strong></p> + +<p>It's open source, easy to set up, stable and flexible due to it's +Debian base. It integrates LTSP out-of-the-box. And it is documented! +So it was a perfect choice.</p> + +<p>Being open source, there are no license problems and so it's +possible to point teachers and students to programs like +OpenOffice.org, ViewYourMind (mind mapping) and The Gimp. It's of +high value to be able to adapt parts of the system to special needs of +a school and to choose where to get support for this.</p> + +<p><strong>What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux/Debian +Edu?</strong></p> + +<p>Nothing yet.</p> + +<p><strong>Which free software do you use daily?</strong></p> + +<p>At home (Debian Sid with Gnome Desktop): Iceweasel, LibreOffice, +Mutt, Gedit, Document Viewer, Midnight Commander, flpsed (PDF +Annotator). At school (Skolelinux Lenny): Iceweasel, Gedit, +LibreOffice.</p> + +<p><strong>Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to +get schools to use free software?</strong></p> + +<p>Some time ago I thought it was enough to tell people about it. But +that doesn't seem to work quite well. Now I concentrate on those more +interested and hope to get multiplicators that way.</p>