X-Git-Url: http://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/homepage.git/blobdiff_plain/17a7cc8c1a60f7341f92e0f757b83700189144a7..bb38026f1c7da4cc23680c02a66d2912d2925a58:/blog/index.html diff --git a/blog/index.html b/blog/index.html index 6c29251e93..2bdeeec807 100644 --- a/blog/index.html +++ b/blog/index.html @@ -20,61 +20,148 @@
-
NÃ¥r nynorskoversettelsen svikter til eksamen...
-
3rd June 2017
-

Aftenposten -melder i dag om feil i eksamensoppgavene for eksamen i politikk og -menneskerettigheter, der teksten i bokmåls og nynorskutgaven ikke var -like. Oppgaveteksten er gjengitt i artikkelen, og jeg ble nysgjerring -på om den fri oversetterløsningen -Apertium ville gjort en bedre -jobb enn Utdanningsdirektoratet. Det kan se slik ut.

- -

Her er bokmålsoppgaven fra eksamenen:

- -
-

Drøft utfordringene knyttet til nasjonalstatenes og andre aktørers -rolle og muligheter til å håndtere internasjonale utfordringer, som -for eksempel flykningekrisen.

- -

Vedlegge er eksempler på tekster som kan gi relevante perspektiver -på temaet:

-
    -
  1. Flykningeregnskapet 2016, UNHCR og IDMC -
  2. «Grenseløst Europa for fall» A-Magasinet, 26. november 2015 -
- -
- -

Dette oversetter Apertium slik:

- -
-

Drøft utfordringane knytte til nasjonalstatane sine og rolla til -andre aktørar og høve til å handtera internasjonale utfordringar, som -til dømes *flykningekrisen.

- -

Vedleggja er døme på tekster som kan gje relevante perspektiv på -temaet:

- -
    -
  1. *Flykningeregnskapet 2016, *UNHCR og *IDMC
  2. -
  3. «*Grenseløst Europa for fall» A-Magasinet, 26. november 2015
  4. -
- -
- -

Ord som ikke ble forstått er markert med stjerne (*), og trenger -ekstra språksjekk. Men ingen ord er forsvunnet, slik det var i -oppgaven elevene fikk presentert på eksamen. Jeg mistenker dog at -"andre aktørers rolle og muligheter til ..." burde vært oversatt til -"rolla til andre aktørar og deira høve til ..." eller noe slikt, men -det er kanskje flisespikking. Det understreker vel bare at det alltid -trengs korrekturlesning etter automatisk oversettelse.

+ +
12th July 2018
+

A while back, I was asked by a friend how to stream the desktop to +my projector connected to Kodi. I sadly had to admit that I had no +idea, as it was a task I never had tried. Since then, I have been +looking for a way to do so, preferable without much extra software to +install on either side. Today I found a way that seem to kind of +work. Not great, but it is a start.

+ +

I had a look at several approaches, for example +using uPnP +DLNA as described in 2011, but it required a uPnP server, fuse and +local storage enough to store the stream locally. This is not going +to work well for me, lacking enough free space, and it would +impossible for my friend to get working.

+ +

Next, it occurred to me that perhaps I could use VLC to create a +video stream that Kodi could play. Preferably using +broadcast/multicast, to avoid having to change any setup on the Kodi +side when starting such stream. Unfortunately, the only recipe I +could find using multicast used the rtp protocol, and this protocol +seem to not be supported by Kodi.

+ +

On the other hand, the rtsp protocol is working! Unfortunately I +have to specify the IP address of the streaming machine in both the +sending command and the file on the Kodi server. But it is showing my +desktop, and thus allow us to have a shared look on the big screen at +the programs I work on.

+ +

I did not spend much time investigating codeces. I combined the +rtp and rtsp recipes from +the +VLC Streaming HowTo/Command Line Examples, and was able to get +this working on the desktop/streaming end.

+ +
+vlc screen:// --sout \
+  '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128}:rtp{dst=projector.local,port=1234,sdp=rtsp://192.168.11.4:8080/test.sdp}'
+
+ +

I ssh-ed into my Kodi box and created a file like this with the +same IP address:

+ +
+echo rtsp://192.168.11.4:8080/test.sdp \
+  > /storage/videos/screenstream.m3u
+
+ +

Note the 192.168.11.4 IP address is my desktops IP address. As far +as I can tell the IP must be hardcoded for this to work. In other +words, if someone elses machine is going to do the steaming, you have +to update screenstream.m3u on the Kodi machine and adjust the vlc +recipe. To get started, locate the file in Kodi and select the m3u +file while the VLC stream is running. The desktop then show up in my +big screen. :)

+ +

When using the same technique to stream a video file with audio, +the audio quality is really bad. No idea if the problem is package +loss or bad parameters for the transcode. I do not know VLC nor Kodi +enough to tell.

+ +

Update 2018-07-12: Johannes Schauer send me a few +succestions and reminded me about an important step. The "screen:" +input source is only available once the vlc-plugin-access-extra +package is installed on Debian. Without it, you will see this error +message: "VLC is unable to open the MRL 'screen://'. Check the log +for details." He further found that it is possible to drop some parts +of the VLC command line to reduce the amount of hardcoded information. +It is also useful to consider using cvlc to avoid having the VLC +window in the desktop view. In sum, this give us this command line on +the source end + +

+cvlc screen:// --sout \
+  '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128}:rtp{sdp=rtsp://:8080/}'
+
+ +

and this on the Kodi end

+ +

+echo rtsp://192.168.11.4:8080/ \
+  > /storage/videos/screenstream.m3u
+
+ +

Still bad image quality, though. But I did discover that streaming +a DVD using dvdsimple:///dev/dvd as the source had excellent video and +audio quality, so I guess the issue is in the input or transcoding +parts, not the rtsp part. I've tried to change the vb and ab +parameters to use more bandwidth, but it did not make a +difference.

+ +

I further received a suggestion from Einar Haraldseid to try using +gstreamer instead of VLC, and this proved to work great! He also +provided me with the trick to get Kodi to use a multicast stream as +its source. By using this monstrous oneliner, I can stream my desktop +with good video quality in reasonable framerate to the 239.255.0.1 +multicast address on port 1234: + +

+gst-launch-1.0 ximagesrc use-damage=0 ! video/x-raw,framerate=30/1 ! \
+  videoconvert ! queue2 ! \
+  x264enc bitrate=8000 speed-preset=superfast tune=zerolatency qp-min=30 \
+  key-int-max=15 bframes=2 ! video/x-h264,profile=high ! queue2 ! \
+  mpegtsmux alignment=7 name=mux ! rndbuffersize max=1316 min=1316 ! \
+  udpsink host=239.255.0.1 port=1234 ttl-mc=1 auto-multicast=1 sync=0 \
+  pulsesrc device=$(pactl list | grep -A2 'Source #' | \
+    grep 'Name: .*\.monitor$' |  cut -d" " -f2|head -1) ! \
+  audioconvert ! queue2 ! avenc_aac ! queue2 ! mux.
+
+ +

and this on the Kodi end

+ +

+echo udp://@239.255.0.1:1234 \
+  > /storage/videos/screenstream.m3u
+
+ +

Note the trick to pick a valid pulseaudio source. It might not +pick the one you need. This approach will of course lead to trouble +if more than one source uses the same multicast port and address. +Note the ttl-mc=1 setting, which limit the multicast packages to the +local network. If the value is increased, your screen will be +broadcasted further, one network "hop" for each increase (read up on +multicast to learn more. :)!

+ +

Having cracked how to get Kodi to receive multicast streams, I +could use this VLC command to stream to the same multicast address. +The image quality is way better than the rtsp approach, but gstreamer +seem to be doing a better job.

+ +
+cvlc screen:// --sout '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128}:rtp{mux=ts,dst=239.255.0.1,port=1234,sdp=sap}'
+
+ +

As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my +activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address +15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b.

- Tags: debian, norsk, stavekontroll. + Tags: debian, english, video.
@@ -82,67 +169,121 @@ trengs korrekturlesning etter automatisk oversettelse.

- -
27th April 2017
-

I disse dager, med frist 1. mai, har Riksarkivaren ute en høring på -sin forskrift. Som en kan se er det ikke mye tid igjen før fristen -som går ut på søndag. Denne forskriften er det som lister opp hvilke -formater det er greit å arkivere i -Noark -5-løsninger i Norge.

- -

Jeg fant høringsdokumentene hos -Norsk -Arkivråd etter å ha blitt tipset på epostlisten til -fri -programvareprosjektet Nikita Noark5-Core, som lager et Noark 5 -Tjenestegresesnitt. Jeg er involvert i Nikita-prosjektet og takket -være min interesse for tjenestegrensesnittsprosjektet har jeg lest en -god del Noark 5-relaterte dokumenter, og til min overraskelse oppdaget -at standard epost ikke er på listen over godkjente formater som kan -arkiveres. Høringen med frist søndag er en glimrende mulighet til å -forsøke å gjøre noe med det. Jeg holder på med -egen -høringsuttalelse, og lurer på om andre er interessert i å støtte -forslaget om å tillate arkivering av epost som epost i arkivet.

- -

Er du igang med å skrive egen høringsuttalelse allerede? I så fall -kan du jo vurdere å ta med en formulering om epost-lagring. Jeg tror -ikke det trengs så mye. Her et kort forslag til tekst:

+ +
9th July 2018
+

Five years ago, +I +measured what the most supported MIME type in Debian was, by +analysing the desktop files in all packages in the archive. Since +then, the DEP-11 AppStream system has been put into production, making +the task a lot easier. This made me want to repeat the measurement, +to see how much things changed. Here are the new numbers, for +unstable only this time: + +

Debian Unstable:

+ +
+  count MIME type
+  ----- -----------------------
+     56 image/jpeg
+     55 image/png
+     49 image/tiff
+     48 image/gif
+     39 image/bmp
+     38 text/plain
+     37 audio/mpeg
+     34 application/ogg
+     33 audio/x-flac
+     32 audio/x-mp3
+     30 audio/x-wav
+     30 audio/x-vorbis+ogg
+     29 image/x-portable-pixmap
+     27 inode/directory
+     27 image/x-portable-bitmap
+     27 audio/x-mpeg
+     26 application/x-ogg
+     25 audio/x-mpegurl
+     25 audio/ogg
+     24 text/html
+
+ +

The list was created like this using a sid chroot: "cat +/var/lib/apt/lists/*sid*_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz| zcat | awk '/^ +- \S+\/\S+$/ {print $2 }' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -20"

+ +

It is interesting to see how image formats have passed text/plain +as the most announced supported MIME type. These days, thanks to the +AppStream system, if you run into a file format you do not know, and +want to figure out which packages support the format, you can find the +MIME type of the file using "file --mime <filename>", and then +look up all packages announcing support for this format in their +AppStream metadata (XML or .desktop file) using "appstreamcli +what-provides mimetype <mime-type>. For example if you, like +me, want to know which packages support inode/directory, you can get a +list like this:

-

+

+% appstreamcli what-provides mimetype inode/directory | grep Package: | sort
+Package: anjuta
+Package: audacious
+Package: baobab
+Package: cervisia
+Package: chirp
+Package: dolphin
+Package: doublecmd-common
+Package: easytag
+Package: enlightenment
+Package: ephoto
+Package: filelight
+Package: gwenview
+Package: k4dirstat
+Package: kaffeine
+Package: kdesvn
+Package: kid3
+Package: kid3-qt
+Package: nautilus
+Package: nemo
+Package: pcmanfm
+Package: pcmanfm-qt
+Package: qweborf
+Package: ranger
+Package: sirikali
+Package: spacefm
+Package: spacefm
+Package: vifm
+%
+

-

Viser til høring sendt ut 2017-02-17 (Riksarkivarens referanse - 2016/9840 HELHJO), og tillater oss å sende inn noen innspill om - revisjon av Forskrift om utfyllende tekniske og arkivfaglige - bestemmelser om behandling av offentlige arkiver (Riksarkivarens - forskrift).

+

Using the same method, I can quickly discover that the Sketchup file +format is not yet supported by any package in Debian:

-

Svært mye av vår kommuikasjon foregår i dag på e-post.  Vi - foreslår derfor at Internett-e-post, slik det er beskrevet i IETF - RFC 5322, - https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322. bør - inn som godkjent dokumentformat.  Vi foreslår at forskriftens - oversikt over godkjente dokumentformater ved innlevering i § 5-16 - endres til å ta med Internett-e-post.

+

+% appstreamcli what-provides mimetype  application/vnd.sketchup.skp
+Could not find component providing 'mimetype::application/vnd.sketchup.skp'.
+%
+

-

+

Yesterday I used it to figure out which packages support the STL 3D +format:

+ +

+% appstreamcli what-provides mimetype  application/sla|grep Package
+Package: cura
+Package: meshlab
+Package: printrun
+%
+

-

Som del av arbeidet med tjenestegrensesnitt har vi testet hvordan -epost kan lagres i en Noark 5-struktur, og holder på å skrive et -forslag om hvordan dette kan gjøres som vil bli sendt over til -arkivverket så snart det er ferdig. De som er interesserte kan -følge -fremdriften på web.

+

PS: A new version of Cura was uploaded to Debian yesterday.

-

Oppdatering 2017-04-28: I dag ble høringuttalelsen jeg skrev - sendt - inn av foreningen NUUG.

+

As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my +activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address +15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b.

@@ -150,52 +291,83 @@ fremdriften på web.

- -
20th April 2017
-

Jeg oppdaget i dag at nettstedet som -publiserer offentlige postjournaler fra statlige etater, OEP, har -begynt å blokkerer enkelte typer webklienter fra å få tilgang. Vet -ikke hvor mange det gjelder, men det gjelder i hvert fall libwww-perl -og curl. For å teste selv, kjør følgende:

+ +
8th July 2018
+

Quite regularly, I let my Debian Sid/Unstable chroot stay untouch +for a while, and when I need to update it there is not enough free +space on the disk for apt to do a normal 'apt upgrade'. I normally +would resolve the issue by doing 'apt install <somepackages>' to +upgrade only some of the packages in one batch, until the amount of +packages to download fall below the amount of free space available. +Today, I had about 500 packages to upgrade, and after a while I got +tired of trying to install chunks of packages manually. I concluded +that I did not have the spare hours required to complete the task, and +decided to see if I could automate it. I came up with this small +script which I call 'apt-in-chunks':

-
-% curl -v -s https://www.oep.no/pub/report.xhtml?reportId=3 2>&1 |grep '< HTTP'
-< HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
-% curl -v -s --header 'User-Agent:Opera/12.0' https://www.oep.no/pub/report.xhtml?reportId=3 2>&1 |grep '< HTTP'
-< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
-%
-
+

+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Upgrade packages when the disk is too full to upgrade every
+# upgradable package in one lump.  Fetching packages to upgrade using
+# apt, and then installing using dpkg, to avoid changing the package
+# flag for manual/automatic.
+
+set -e
+
+ignore() {
+    if [ "$1" ]; then
+	grep -v "$1"
+    else
+	cat
+    fi
+}
+
+for p in $(apt list --upgradable | ignore "$@" |cut -d/ -f1 | grep -v '^Listing...'); do
+    echo "Upgrading $p"
+    apt clean
+    apt install --download-only -y $p
+    for f in /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb; do
+	if [ -e "$f" ]; then
+	    dpkg -i /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb
+	    break
+	fi
+    done
+done
+

-

Her kan en se at tjenesten gir «404 Not Found» for curl i -standardoppsettet, mens den gir «200 OK» hvis curl hevder å være Opera -versjon 12.0. Offentlig elektronisk postjournal startet blokkeringen -2017-03-02.

- -

Blokkeringen vil gjøre det litt vanskeligere å maskinelt hente -informasjon fra oep.no. Kan blokkeringen være gjort for å hindre -automatisert innsamling av informasjon fra OEP, slik Pressens -Offentlighetsutvalg gjorde for å dokumentere hvordan departementene -hindrer innsyn i -rapporten -«Slik hindrer departementer innsyn» som ble publiserte i januar -2017. Det virker usannsynlig, da det jo er trivielt å bytte -User-Agent til noe nytt.

- -

Finnes det juridisk grunnlag for det offentlige å diskriminere -webklienter slik det gjøres her? Der tilgang gis eller ikke alt etter -hva klienten sier at den heter? Da OEP eies av DIFI og driftes av -Basefarm, finnes det kanskje noen dokumenter sendt mellom disse to -aktørene man kan be om innsyn i for å forstå hva som har skjedd. Men -postjournalen -til DIFI viser kun to dokumenter det siste året mellom DIFI og -Basefarm. -Mimes brønn neste, -tenker jeg.

+

The script will extract the list of packages to upgrade, try to +download the packages needed to upgrade one package, install the +downloaded packages using dpkg. The idea is to upgrade packages +without changing the APT mark for the package (ie the one recording of +the package was manually requested or pulled in as a dependency). To +use it, simply run it as root from the command line. If it fail, try +'apt install -f' to clean up the mess and run the script again. This +might happen if the new packages conflict with one of the old +packages. dpkg is unable to remove, while apt can do this.

+ +

It take one option, a package to ignore in the list of packages to +upgrade. The option to ignore a package is there to be able to skip +the packages that are simply too large to unpack. Today this was +'ghc', but I have run into other large packages causing similar +problems earlier (like TeX).

+ +

Update 2018-07-08: Thanks to Paul Wise, I am aware of two +alternative ways to handle this. The "unattended-upgrades +--minimal-upgrade-steps" option will try to calculate upgrade sets for +each package to upgrade, and then upgrade them in order, smallest set +first. It might be a better option than my above mentioned script. +Also, "aptutude upgrade" can upgrade single packages, thus avoiding +the need for using "dpkg -i" in the script above.

+ +

As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my +activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address +15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b.

- Tags: norsk, offentlig innsyn. + Tags: debian, english.
@@ -203,101 +375,32 @@ tenker jeg.

- -
19th March 2017
-

The Nikita -Noark 5 core project is implementing the Norwegian standard for -keeping an electronic archive of government documents. -The -Noark 5 standard document the requirement for data systems used by -the archives in the Norwegian government, and the Noark 5 web interface -specification document a REST web service for storing, searching and -retrieving documents and metadata in such archive. I've been involved -in the project since a few weeks before Christmas, when the Norwegian -Unix User Group -announced -it supported the project. I believe this is an important project, -and hope it can make it possible for the government archives in the -future to use free software to keep the archives we citizens depend -on. But as I do not hold such archive myself, personally my first use -case is to store and analyse public mail journal metadata published -from the government. I find it useful to have a clear use case in -mind when developing, to make sure the system scratches one of my -itches.

- -

If you would like to help make sure there is a free software -alternatives for the archives, please join our IRC channel -(#nikita on -irc.freenode.net) and -the -project mailing list.

- -

When I got involved, the web service could store metadata about -documents. But a few weeks ago, a new milestone was reached when it -became possible to store full text documents too. Yesterday, I -completed an implementation of a command line tool -archive-pdf to upload a PDF file to the archive using this -API. The tool is very simple at the moment, and find existing -fonds, series and -files while asking the user to select which one to use if more than -one exist. Once a file is identified, the PDF is associated with the -file and uploaded, using the title extracted from the PDF itself. The -process is fairly similar to visiting the archive, opening a cabinet, -locating a file and storing a piece of paper in the archive. Here is -a test run directly after populating the database with test data using -our API tester:

- -

-~/src//noark5-tester$ ./archive-pdf mangelmelding/mangler.pdf
-using arkiv: Title of the test fonds created 2017-03-18T23:49:32.103446
-using arkivdel: Title of the test series created 2017-03-18T23:49:32.103446
-
- 0 - Title of the test case file created 2017-03-18T23:49:32.103446
- 1 - Title of the test file created 2017-03-18T23:49:32.103446
-Select which mappe you want (or search term): 0
-Uploading mangelmelding/mangler.pdf
-  PDF title: Mangler i spesifikasjonsdokumentet for NOARK 5 Tjenestegrensesnitt
-  File 2017/1: Title of the test case file created 2017-03-18T23:49:32.103446
-~/src//noark5-tester$
-

- -

You can see here how the fonds (arkiv) and serie (arkivdel) only had -one option, while the user need to choose which file (mappe) to use -among the two created by the API tester. The archive-pdf -tool can be found in the git repository for the API tester.

- -

In the project, I have been mostly working on -the API -tester so far, while getting to know the code base. The API -tester currently use -the HATEOAS links -to traverse the entire exposed service API and verify that the exposed -operations and objects match the specification, as well as trying to -create objects holding metadata and uploading a simple XML file to -store. The tester has proved very useful for finding flaws in our -implementation, as well as flaws in the reference site and the -specification.

- -

The test document I uploaded is a summary of all the specification -defects we have collected so far while implementing the web service. -There are several unclear and conflicting parts of the specification, -and we have -started -writing down the questions we get from implementing it. We use a -format inspired by how The -Austin Group collect defect reports for the POSIX standard with -their -instructions for the MANTIS defect tracker system, in lack of an official way to structure defect reports for Noark 5 (our first submitted defect report was a request for a procedure for submitting defect reports :). - -

The Nikita project is implemented using Java and Spring, and is -fairly easy to get up and running using Docker containers for those -that want to test the current code base. The API tester is -implemented in Python.

+ +
30th June 2018
+

So far, at least hydro-electric power, coal power, wind power, +solar power, and wood power are well known. Until a few days ago, I +had never heard of stone power. Then I learn about a quarry in a +mountain in +Bremanger i +Norway, where +the +Bremanger Quarry company is extracting stone and dumping the stone +into a shaft leading to its shipping harbour. This downward movement +in this shaft is used to produce electricity. In short, it is using +falling rocks instead of falling water to produce electricity, and +according to its own statements it is producing more power than it is +using, and selling the surplus electricity to the Norwegian power +grid. I find the concept truly amazing. Is this the worlds only +stone power plant?

+ +

As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my +activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address +15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b.

@@ -305,114 +408,66 @@ implemented in Python.

- -
9th March 2017
-

Over the years, administrating thousand of NFS mounting linux -computers at the time, I often needed a way to detect if the machine -was experiencing NFS hang. If you try to use df or look at a -file or directory affected by the hang, the process (and possibly the -shell) will hang too. So you want to be able to detect this without -risking the detection process getting stuck too. It has not been -obvious how to do this. When the hang has lasted a while, it is -possible to find messages like these in dmesg:

- -

-nfs: server nfsserver not responding, still trying -
nfs: server nfsserver OK -

- -

It is hard to know if the hang is still going on, and it is hard to -be sure looking in dmesg is going to work. If there are lots of other -messages in dmesg the lines might have rotated out of site before they -are noticed.

- -

While reading through the nfs client implementation in linux kernel -code, I came across some statistics that seem to give a way to detect -it. The om_timeouts sunrpc value in the kernel will increase every -time the above log entry is inserted into dmesg. And after digging a -bit further, I discovered that this value show up in -/proc/self/mountstats on Linux.

- -

The mountstats content seem to be shared between files using the -same file system context, so it is enough to check one of the -mountstats files to get the state of the mount point for the machine. -I assume this will not show lazy umounted NFS points, nor NFS mount -points in a different process context (ie with a different filesystem -view), but that does not worry me.

- -

The content for a NFS mount point look similar to this:

- -

-[...]
-device /dev/mapper/Debian-var mounted on /var with fstype ext3
-device nfsserver:/mnt/nfsserver/home0 mounted on /mnt/nfsserver/home0 with fstype nfs statvers=1.1
-        opts:   rw,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,acregmin=3,acregmax=60,acdirmin=30,acdirmax=60,soft,nolock,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=129.240.3.145,mountvers=3,mountport=4048,mountproto=udp,local_lock=all
-        age:    7863311
-        caps:   caps=0x3fe7,wtmult=4096,dtsize=8192,bsize=0,namlen=255
-        sec:    flavor=1,pseudoflavor=1
-        events: 61063112 732346265 1028140 35486205 16220064 8162542 761447191 71714012 37189 3891185 45561809 110486139 4850138 420353 15449177 296502 52736725 13523379 0 52182 9016896 1231 0 0 0 0 0 
-        bytes:  166253035039 219519120027 0 0 40783504807 185466229638 11677877 45561809 
-        RPC iostats version: 1.0  p/v: 100003/3 (nfs)
-        xprt:   tcp 925 1 6810 0 0 111505412 111480497 109 2672418560317 0 248 53869103 22481820
-        per-op statistics
-                NULL: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-             GETATTR: 61063106 61063108 0 9621383060 6839064400 453650 77291321 78926132
-             SETATTR: 463469 463470 0 92005440 66739536 63787 603235 687943
-              LOOKUP: 17021657 17021657 0 3354097764 4013442928 57216 35125459 35566511
-              ACCESS: 14281703 14290009 5 2318400592 1713803640 1709282 4865144 7130140
-            READLINK: 125 125 0 20472 18620 0 1112 1118
-                READ: 4214236 4214237 0 715608524 41328653212 89884 22622768 22806693
-               WRITE: 8479010 8494376 22 187695798568 1356087148 178264904 51506907 231671771
-              CREATE: 171708 171708 0 38084748 46702272 873 1041833 1050398
-               MKDIR: 3680 3680 0 773980 993920 26 23990 24245
-             SYMLINK: 903 903 0 233428 245488 6 5865 5917
-               MKNOD: 80 80 0 20148 21760 0 299 304
-              REMOVE: 429921 429921 0 79796004 61908192 3313 2710416 2741636
-               RMDIR: 3367 3367 0 645112 484848 22 5782 6002
-              RENAME: 466201 466201 0 130026184 121212260 7075 5935207 5961288
-                LINK: 289155 289155 0 72775556 67083960 2199 2565060 2585579
-             READDIR: 2933237 2933237 0 516506204 13973833412 10385 3190199 3297917
-         READDIRPLUS: 1652839 1652839 0 298640972 6895997744 84735 14307895 14448937
-              FSSTAT: 6144 6144 0 1010516 1032192 51 9654 10022
-              FSINFO: 2 2 0 232 328 0 1 1
-            PATHCONF: 1 1 0 116 140 0 0 0
-              COMMIT: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-
-device binfmt_misc mounted on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc with fstype binfmt_misc
-[...]
-

- -

The key number to look at is the third number in the per-op list. -It is the number of NFS timeouts experiences per file system -operation. Here 22 write timeouts and 5 access timeouts. If these -numbers are increasing, I believe the machine is experiencing NFS -hang. Unfortunately the timeout value do not start to increase right -away. The NFS operations need to time out first, and this can take a -while. The exact timeout value depend on the setup. For example the -defaults for TCP and UDP mount points are quite different, and the -timeout value is affected by the soft, hard, timeo and retrans NFS -mount options.

- -

The only way I have been able to get working on Debian and RedHat -Enterprise Linux for getting the timeout count is to peek in /proc/. -But according to -Solaris -10 System Administration Guide: Network Services, the 'nfsstat -c' -command can be used to get these timeout values. But this do not work -on Linux, as far as I can tell. I -asked Debian about this, -but have not seen any replies yet.

- -

Is there a better way to figure out if a Linux NFS client is -experiencing NFS hangs? Is there a way to detect which processes are -affected? Is there a way to get the NFS mount going quickly once the -network problem causing the NFS hang has been cleared? I would very -much welcome some clues, as we regularly run into NFS hangs.

+ +
26th June 2018
+

My movie playing setup involve Kodi, +OpenELEC (probably soon to be +replaced with LibreELEC) and an +Infocus IN76 video projector. My projector can be controlled via both +a infrared remote controller, and a RS-232 serial line. The vendor of +my projector, InFocus, had been +sensible enough to document the serial protocol in its user manual, so +it is easily available, and I used it some years ago to write +a +small script to control the projector. For a while now, I longed +for a setup where the projector was controlled by Kodi, for example in +such a way that when the screen saver went on, the projector was +turned off, and when the screen saver exited, the projector was turned +on again.

+ +

A few days ago, with very good help from parts of my family, I +managed to find a Kodi Add-on for controlling a Epson projector, and +got in touch with its author to see if we could join forces and make a +Add-on with support for several projectors. To my pleasure, he was +positive to the idea, and we set out to add InFocus support to his +add-on, and make the add-on suitable for the official Kodi add-on +repository.

+ +

The Add-on is now working (for me, at least), with a few minor +adjustments. The most important change I do relative to the master +branch in the github repository is embedding the +pyserial module in +the add-on. The long term solution is to make a "script" type +pyserial module for Kodi, that can be pulled in as a dependency in +Kodi. But until that in place, I embed it.

+ +

The add-on can be configured to turn on the projector when Kodi +starts, off when Kodi stops as well as turn the projector off when the +screensaver start and on when the screesaver stops. It can also be +told to set the projector source when turning on the projector. + +

If this sound interesting to you, check out +the +project github repository. Perhaps you can send patches to +support your projector too? As soon as we find time to wrap up the +latest changes, it should be available for easy installation using any +Kodi instance.

+ +

For future improvements, I would like to add projector model +detection and the ability to adjust the brightness level of the +projector from within Kodi. We also need to figure out how to handle +the cooling period of the projector. My projector refuses to turn on +for 60 seconds after it was turned off. This is not handled well by +the add-on at the moment.

+ +

As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my +activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address +15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b.

- Tags: debian, english, sysadmin. + Tags: english, multimedia, video.
@@ -420,44 +475,71 @@ much welcome some clues, as we regularly run into NFS hangs.

- -
8th March 2017
-

So the new president in the United States of America claim to be -surprised to discover that he was wiretapped during the election -before he was elected president. He even claim this must be illegal. -Well, doh, if it is one thing the confirmations from Snowden -documented, it is that the entire population in USA is wiretapped, one -way or another. Of course the president candidates were wiretapped, -alongside the senators, judges and the rest of the people in USA.

- -

Next, the Federal Bureau of Investigation ask the Department of -Justice to go public rejecting the claims that Donald Trump was -wiretapped illegally. I fail to see the relevance, given that I am -sure the surveillance industry in USA believe they have all the legal -backing they need to conduct mass surveillance on the entire -world.

- -

There is even the director of the FBI stating that he never saw an -order requesting wiretapping of Donald Trump. That is not very -surprising, given how the FISA court work, with all its activity being -secret. Perhaps he only heard about it?

- -

What I find most sad in this story is how Norwegian journalists -present it. In a news reports the other day in the radio from the -Norwegian National broadcasting Company (NRK), I heard the journalist -claim that 'the FBI denies any wiretapping', while the reality is that -'the FBI denies any illegal wiretapping'. There is a fundamental and -important difference, and it make me sad that the journalists are -unable to grasp it.

- -

Update 2017-03-13: Look like -The -Intercept report that US Senator Rand Paul confirm what I state above.

+ +
28th April 2018
+

I VHS-kassettenes +tid var det rett frem å ta vare på et TV-program en ønsket å kunne se +senere, uten å være avhengig av at programmet ble sendt på nytt. +Kanskje ønsket en å se programmet på hytten der det ikke var +TV-signal, eller av andre grunner ha det tilgjengelig for fremtidig +fornøyelse. Dette er blitt vanskeligere med introduksjon av +digital-TV og webstreaming, der opptak til harddisk er utenfor de +flestes kontroll hvis de bruker ufri programvare og bokser kontrollert +av andre. Men for NRK her i Norge, finnes det heldigvis flere fri +programvare-alternativer, som jeg har +skrevet +om +før. +Så lenge kilden for nedlastingen er lovlig lagt ut på nett (hvilket +jeg antar NRK gjør), så er slik lagring til privat bruk også lovlig i +Norge.

+ +

Sist jeg så på saken, i 2016, nevnte jeg at +youtube-dl ikke kunne +bake undertekster fra NRK inn i videofilene, og at jeg derfor +foretrakk andre alternativer. Nylig oppdaget jeg at dette har endret +seg. Fordelen med youtube-dl er at den er tilgjengelig direkte fra +Linux-distribusjoner som Debian +og Ubuntu, slik at en slipper å +finne ut selv hvordan en skal få dem til å virke.

+ +

For å laste ned et NRK-innslag med undertekster, og få den norske +underteksten pakket inn i videofilen, så kan følgende kommando +brukes:

+ +

+youtube-dl --write-sub --sub-format ttml \
+  --convert-subtitles srt --embed-subs \
+  https://tv.nrk.no/serie/ramm-ferdig-gaa/MUHU11000316/27-04-2018
+

+ +

URL-eksemplet er dagens toppsak på tv.nrk.no. Resultatet er en +MP4-fil med filmen og undertekster som kan spilles av med VLC. Merk +at VLC ikke viser frem undertekster før du aktiverer dem. For å gjøre +det, høyreklikk med musa i fremviservinduet, velg menyvalget for +undertekst og så norsk språk. Jeg testet også '--write-auto-sub', +men det kommandolinjeargumentet ser ikke ut til å fungere, så jeg +endte opp med settet med argumentlisten over, som jeg fant i en +feilrapport i youtube-dl-prosjektets samling over feilrapporter.

+ +

Denne støtten i youtube-dl gjør det svært enkelt å lagre +NRK-innslag, det være seg nyheter, filmer, serier eller dokumentater, +for å ha dem tilgjengelig for fremtidig referanse og bruk, uavhengig +av hvor lenge innslagene ligger tilgjengelig hos NRK. Så får det ikke +hjelpe at NRKs jurister mener at det er +vesensforskjellig +å legge tilgjengelig for nedlasting og for streaming, når det rent +teknisk er samme sak.

+ +

Programmet youtube-dl støtter også en rekke andre nettsteder, se +prosjektoversikten for +en +komplett liste.

@@ -465,33 +547,27 @@ Intercept report that US Senator Rand Paul confirm what I state above.

- -
3rd March 2017
-

For almost a year now, we have been working on making a Norwegian -Bokmål edition of The Debian -Administrator's Handbook. Now, thanks to the tireless effort of -Ole-Erik, Ingrid and Andreas, the initial translation is complete, and -we are working on the proof reading to ensure consistent language and -use of correct computer science terms. The plan is to make the book -available on paper, as well as in electronic form. For that to -happen, the proof reading must be completed and all the figures need -to be translated. If you want to help out, get in touch.

- -

A - -fresh PDF edition in A4 format (the final book will have smaller -pages) of the book created every morning is available for -proofreading. If you find any errors, please -visit -Weblate and correct the error. The -state -of the translation including figures is a useful source for those -provide Norwegian bokmål screen shots and figures.

+ +
24th April 2018
+

VG, +Dagbladet +og +NRK +melder i dag at flertallet i Familie- og kulturkomiteen på Stortinget +har bestemt seg for å introdusere en ny sensurinfrastruktur i Norge. +Fra før har Norge en «frivillig» sensurinfrastruktur basert på +DNS-navn, der de største ISP-ene basert på en liste med DNS-navn +forgifter DNS-svar og omdirigerer til et annet IP-nummer enn det som +ligger i DNS. Nå kommer altså IP-basert omdirigering i tillegg. Når +infrastrukturen er på plass, er sensur av IP-adresser redusert et +spørsmål om hvilke IP-nummer som skal blokkeres. Listen over +IP-adresser vil naturligvis endre seg etter hvert som myndighetene +endrer seg. Det er ingen betryggende tanke.

@@ -499,77 +575,40 @@ provide Norwegian bokmål screen shots and figures.

- -
1st March 2017
-

A few days ago I ordered a small batch of -the ChaosKey, a small -USB dongle for generating entropy created by Bdale Garbee and Keith -Packard. Yesterday it arrived, and I am very happy to report that it -work great! According to its designers, to get it to work out of the -box, you need the Linux kernel version 4.1 or later. I tested on a -Debian Stretch machine (kernel version 4.9), and there it worked just -fine, increasing the available entropy very quickly. I wrote a small -test oneliner to test. It first print the current entropy level, -drain /dev/random, and then print the entropy level for five seconds. -Here is the situation without the ChaosKey inserted:

- -
-% cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail; \
-  dd bs=1M if=/dev/random of=/dev/null count=1; \
-  for n in $(seq 1 5); do \
-     cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail; \
-     sleep 1; \
-  done
-300
-0+1 oppføringer inn
-0+1 oppføringer ut
-28 byte kopiert, 0,000264565 s, 106 kB/s
-4
-8
-12
-17
-21
-%
-
- -

The entropy level increases by 3-4 every second. In such case any -application requiring random bits (like a HTTPS enabled web server) -will halt and wait for more entrpy. And here is the situation with -the ChaosKey inserted:

- -
-% cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail; \
-  dd bs=1M if=/dev/random of=/dev/null count=1; \
-  for n in $(seq 1 5); do \
-     cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail; \
-     sleep 1; \
-  done
-1079
-0+1 oppføringer inn
-0+1 oppføringer ut
-104 byte kopiert, 0,000487647 s, 213 kB/s
-433
-1028
-1031
-1035
-1038
-%
-
- -

Quite the difference. :) I bought a few more than I need, in case -someone want to buy one here in Norway. :)

- -

Update: The dongle was presented at Debconf last year. You might -find the talk -recording illuminating. It explains exactly what the source of -randomness is, if you are unable to spot it from the schema drawing -available from the ChaosKey web site linked at the start of this blog -post.

+ +
2nd April 2018
+

Brevpost er beskyttet av straffelovens bestemmelse som gjør det +kriminelt å åpne andres brev. Dette følger av (ny) straffelovs +§ 205 +(Krenkelse av retten til privat kommunikasjon), som sier at «Med +bot eller fengsel inntil 2 år straffes den som uberettiget ... c) +åpner brev eller annen lukket skriftlig meddelelse som er adressert +til en annen, eller på annen måte skaffer seg uberettiget tilgang til +innholdet.» Dette gjelder såvel postbud som alle andre som har +befatning med brevet etter at avsender har befatning med et lukket +brev. Tilsvarende står også tidligere utgaver av den norske +straffeloven.

+ +

Når en registrerer seg på usikre digitale postkasseløsningene, som +f.eks. Digipost og e-Boks, og slik tar disse i bruk, så gir en de som +står bak løsningene tillatelse til å åpne sine brev. Dette er +nødvendig for at innholdet i digital post skal kunne vises frem til +mottaker via tjenestens websider. Dermed gjelder ikke straffelovens +paragraf om forbud mot å åpne brev, da tilgangen ikke lenger er +uberettiget. En gir altså fremmede tilgang til å lese sin +korrespondanse. I tillegg vil bruk av slike usikre digitale +postbokser føre til at det blir registrert når du leser brevene, hvor +du befinner deg (vha. tilkoblingens IP-adresse), hvilket utstyr du +bruker og en rekke annen personlig informasjon som ikke er +tilgjengelig når papirpost brukes. Jeg foretrekker at det er +lovmessig beskyttelse av min korrespondanse, som jo inneholder privat +og personlig informasjon. Det bidrar til litt bedre vern av personlig +integritet i dagens norske samfunn.

- Tags: debian, english. + Tags: norsk, personvern, surveillance.
@@ -577,34 +616,34 @@ post.

- -
21st February 2017
-

I just noticed -the -new Norwegian proposal for archiving rules in the goverment list -ECMA-376 -/ ISO/IEC 29500 (aka OOXML) as valid formats to put in long term -storage. Luckily such files will only be accepted based on -pre-approval from the National Archive. Allowing OOXML files to be -used for long term storage might seem like a good idea as long as we -forget that there are plenty of ways for a "valid" OOXML document to -have content with no defined interpretation in the standard, which -lead to a question and an idea.

- -

Is there any tool to detect if a OOXML document depend on such -undefined behaviour? It would be useful for the National Archive (and -anyone else interested in verifying that a document is well defined) -to have such tool available when considering to approve the use of -OOXML. I'm aware of the -officeotron OOXML -validator, but do not know how complete it is nor if it will -report use of undefined behaviour. Are there other similar tools -available? Please send me an email if you know of any such tool.

+ +
22nd March 2018
+

The leaders of the worlds have started to congratulate the +re-elected Russian head of state, and this causes some criticism. I +am though a little fascinated by a comment from USA senator John McCain, +sited +by The Hill and others: + +

+

"An American president does not lead the Free World by +congratulating dictators on winning sham elections."

+

+ +

While I totally agree with the senator here, the way the quote is +phrased make me suspect that he is unaware of the simple fact that USA +have not lead the Free World since at least before its government +kidnapped a +completely innocent Canadian citizen in transit on his way home to +Canada via John F. Kennedy International Airport in September 2002 and +sent him to be tortured in Syria for a year.

+ +

USA might be running ahead, but the path they are taking is not the +one taken by any Free World.

- Tags: english, nuug, standard. + Tags: english.
@@ -612,33 +651,63 @@ available? Please send me an email if you know of any such tool.

- -
13th February 2017
-

A few days ago, we received the ruling from -my -day in court. The case in question is a challenge of the seizure -of the DNS domain popcorn-time.no. The ruling simply did not mention -most of our arguments, and seemed to take everything ØKOKRIM said at -face value, ignoring our demonstration and explanations. But it is -hard to tell for sure, as we still have not seen most of the documents -in the case and thus were unprepared and unable to contradict several -of the claims made in court by the opposition. We are considering an -appeal, but it is partly a question of funding, as it is costing us -quite a bit to pay for our lawyer. If you want to help, please -donate to the -NUUG defense fund.

- -

The details of the case, as far as we know it, is available in -Norwegian from -the NUUG -blog. This also include -the -ruling itself.

+ +
21st March 2018
+

So, Cambridge Analytica is getting some well deserved criticism for +(mis)using information it got from Facebook about 50 million people, +mostly in the USA. What I find a bit surprising, is how little +criticism Facebook is getting for handing the information over to +Cambridge Analytica and others in the first place. And what about the +people handing their private and personal information to Facebook? +And last, but not least, what about the government offices who are +handing information about the visitors of their web pages to Facebook? +No-one who looked at the terms of use of Facebook should be surprised +that information about peoples interests, political views, personal +lifes and whereabouts would be sold by Facebook.

+ +

What I find to be the real scandal is the fact that Facebook is +selling your personal information, not that one of the buyers used it +in a way Facebook did not approve when exposed. It is well known that +Facebook is selling out their users privacy, but a scandal +nevertheless. Of course the information provided to them by Facebook +would be misused by one of the parties given access to personal +information about the millions of Facebook users. Collected +information will be misused sooner or later. The only way to avoid +such misuse, is to not collect the information in the first place. If +you do not want Facebook to hand out information about yourself for +the use and misuse of its customers, do not give Facebook the +information.

+ +

Personally, I would recommend to completely remove your Facebook +account, and take back some control of your personal information. +According +to The Guardian, it is a bit hard to find out how to request +account removal (and not just 'disabling'). You need to +visit +a specific Facebook page and click on 'let us know' on that page +to get to the +real account deletion screen. Perhaps something to consider? I +would not trust the information to really be deleted (who knows, +perhaps NSA, GCHQ and FRA already got a copy), but it might reduce the +exposure a bit.

+ +

If you want to learn more about the capabilities of Cambridge +Analytica, I recommend to see the video recording of the one hour talk +Paul-Olivier Dehaye gave to NUUG last april about + +Data collection, psychometric profiling and their impact on +politics.

+ +

And if you want to communicate with your friends and loved ones, +use some end-to-end encrypted method like +Signal or +Ring, and stop sharing your private +messages with strangers like Facebook and Google.

@@ -653,6 +722,23 @@ ruling itself.

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