X-Git-Url: http://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/homepage.git/blobdiff_plain/077f8315e2f15d59f26baadef824d42cc1c42935..4c577a2684bd40ae4a21e681a6adad7e27b6f70d:/blog/index.html diff --git a/blog/index.html b/blog/index.html index 9bd911e96b..20b4419b25 100644 --- a/blog/index.html +++ b/blog/index.html @@ -20,287 +20,49 @@
-
S3QL, a locally mounted cloud file system - nice free software
-
9th April 2014
-

For a while now, I have been looking for a sensible offsite backup -solution for use at home. My requirements are simple, it must be -cheap and locally encrypted (in other words, I keep the encryption -keys, the storage provider do not have access to my private files). -One idea me and my friends had many years ago, before the cloud -storage providers showed up, was to use Google mail as storage, -writing a Linux block device storing blocks as emails in the mail -service provided by Google, and thus get heaps of free space. On top -of this one can add encryption, RAID and volume management to have -lots of (fairly slow, I admit that) cheap and encrypted storage. But -I never found time to implement such system. But the last few weeks I -have looked at a system called -S3QL, a locally -mounted network backed file system with the features I need.

- -

S3QL is a fuse file system with a local cache and cloud storage, -handling several different storage providers, any with Amazon S3, -Google Drive or OpenStack API. There are heaps of such storage -providers. S3QL can also use a local directory as storage, which -combined with sshfs allow for file storage on any ssh server. S3QL -include support for encryption, compression, de-duplication, snapshots -and immutable file systems, allowing me to mount the remote storage as -a local mount point, look at and use the files as if they were local, -while the content is stored in the cloud as well. This allow me to -have a backup that should survive fire. The file system can not be -shared between several machines at the same time, as only one can -mount it at the time, but any machine with the encryption key and -access to the storage service can mount it if it is unmounted.

- -

It is simple to use. I'm using it on Debian Wheezy, where the -package is included already. So to get started, run apt-get -install s3ql. Next, pick a storage provider. I ended up picking -Greenqloud, after reading their nice recipe on -how -to use S3QL with their Amazon S3 service, because I trust the laws -in Iceland more than those in USA when it come to keeping my personal -data safe and private, and thus would rather spend money on a company -in Iceland. Another nice recipe is available from the article -S3QL -Filesystem for HPC Storage by Jeff Layton in the HPC section of -Admin magazine. When the provider is picked, figure out how to get -the API key needed to connect to the storage API. With Greencloud, -the key did not show up until I had added payment details to my -account.

- -

Armed with the API access details, it is time to create the file -system. First, create a new bucket in the cloud. This bucket is the -file system storage area. I picked a bucket name reflecting the -machine that was going to store data there, but any name will do. -I'll refer to it as bucket-name below. In addition, one need -the API login and password, and a locally created password. Store it -all in ~root/.s3ql/authinfo2 like this: +

New lsdvd release version 0.17 is ready
+
4th October 2014
+

The lsdvd project +got a new set of developers a few weeks ago, after the original +developer decided to step down and pass the project to fresh blood. +This project is now maintained by Petter Reinholdtsen and Steve +Dibb.

+ +

I just wrapped up +a +new lsdvd release, available in git or from +the +download page. This is the changelog dated 2014-10-03 for version +0.17.

-

-[s3c]
-storage-url: s3c://s.greenqloud.com:443/bucket-name
-backend-login: API-login
-backend-password: API-password
-fs-passphrase: local-password
-

- -

I create my local passphrase using pwget 50 or similar, -but any sensible way to create a fairly random password should do it. -Armed with these details, it is now time to run mkfs, entering the API -details and password to create it:

- -

-# mkdir -m 700 /var/lib/s3ql-cache
-# mkfs.s3ql --cachedir /var/lib/s3ql-cache --authfile /root/.s3ql/authinfo2 \
-  --ssl s3c://s.greenqloud.com:443/bucket-name
-Enter backend login: 
-Enter backend password: 
-Before using S3QL, make sure to read the user's guide, especially
-the 'Important Rules to Avoid Loosing Data' section.
-Enter encryption password: 
-Confirm encryption password: 
-Generating random encryption key...
-Creating metadata tables...
-Dumping metadata...
-..objects..
-..blocks..
-..inodes..
-..inode_blocks..
-..symlink_targets..
-..names..
-..contents..
-..ext_attributes..
-Compressing and uploading metadata...
-Wrote 0.00 MB of compressed metadata.
-#

- -

The next step is mounting the file system to make the storage available. - -

-# mount.s3ql --cachedir /var/lib/s3ql-cache --authfile /root/.s3ql/authinfo2 \
-  --ssl --allow-root s3c://s.greenqloud.com:443/bucket-name /s3ql
-Using 4 upload threads.
-Downloading and decompressing metadata...
-Reading metadata...
-..objects..
-..blocks..
-..inodes..
-..inode_blocks..
-..symlink_targets..
-..names..
-..contents..
-..ext_attributes..
-Mounting filesystem...
-# df -h /s3ql
-Filesystem                              Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
-s3c://s.greenqloud.com:443/bucket-name  1.0T     0  1.0T   0% /s3ql
-#
-

- -

The file system is now ready for use. I use rsync to store my -backups in it, and as the metadata used by rsync is downloaded at -mount time, no network traffic (and storage cost) is triggered by -running rsync. To unmount, one should not use the normal umount -command, as this will not flush the cache to the cloud storage, but -instead running the umount.s3ql command like this: - -

-# umount.s3ql /s3ql
-# 
-

- -

There is a fsck command available to check the file system and -correct any problems detected. This can be used if the local server -crashes while the file system is mounted, to reset the "already -mounted" flag. This is what it look like when processing a working -file system:

- -

-# fsck.s3ql --force --ssl s3c://s.greenqloud.com:443/bucket-name
-Using cached metadata.
-File system seems clean, checking anyway.
-Checking DB integrity...
-Creating temporary extra indices...
-Checking lost+found...
-Checking cached objects...
-Checking names (refcounts)...
-Checking contents (names)...
-Checking contents (inodes)...
-Checking contents (parent inodes)...
-Checking objects (reference counts)...
-Checking objects (backend)...
-..processed 5000 objects so far..
-..processed 10000 objects so far..
-..processed 15000 objects so far..
-Checking objects (sizes)...
-Checking blocks (referenced objects)...
-Checking blocks (refcounts)...
-Checking inode-block mapping (blocks)...
-Checking inode-block mapping (inodes)...
-Checking inodes (refcounts)...
-Checking inodes (sizes)...
-Checking extended attributes (names)...
-Checking extended attributes (inodes)...
-Checking symlinks (inodes)...
-Checking directory reachability...
-Checking unix conventions...
-Checking referential integrity...
-Dropping temporary indices...
-Backing up old metadata...
-Dumping metadata...
-..objects..
-..blocks..
-..inodes..
-..inode_blocks..
-..symlink_targets..
-..names..
-..contents..
-..ext_attributes..
-Compressing and uploading metadata...
-Wrote 0.89 MB of compressed metadata.
-# 
-

- -

Thanks to the cache, working on files that fit in the cache is very -quick, about the same speed as local file access. Uploading large -amount of data is to me limited by the bandwidth out of and into my -house. Uploading 685 MiB with a 100 MiB cache gave me 305 kiB/s, -which is very close to my upload speed, and downloading the same -Debian installation ISO gave me 610 kiB/s, close to my download speed. -Both were measured using dd. So for me, the bottleneck is my -network, not the file system code. I do not know what a good cache -size would be, but suspect that the cache should e larger than your -working set.

- -

I mentioned that only one machine can mount the file system at the -time. If another machine try, it is told that the file system is -busy:

- -

-# mount.s3ql --cachedir /var/lib/s3ql-cache --authfile /root/.s3ql/authinfo2 \
-  --ssl --allow-root s3c://s.greenqloud.com:443/bucket-name /s3ql
-Using 8 upload threads.
-Backend reports that fs is still mounted elsewhere, aborting.
-#
-

- -

The file content is uploaded when the cache is full, while the -metadata is uploaded once every 24 hour by default. To ensure the -file system content is flushed to the cloud, one can either umount the -file system, or ask S3QL to flush the cache and metadata using -s3qlctrl: - -

-# s3qlctrl upload-meta /s3ql
-# s3qlctrl flushcache /s3ql
-# 
-

+
    -

    If you are curious about how much space your data uses in the -cloud, and how much compression and deduplication cut down on the -storage usage, you can use s3qlstat on the mounted file system to get -a report:

    +
  • Ignore 'phantom' audio, subtitle tracks
    • +
  • Check for garbage in the program chains, which indicate that a track is + non-existant, to work around additional copy protection
    • +
  • Fix displaying content type for audio tracks, subtitles
    • +
  • Fix pallete display of first entry
    • +
  • Fix include orders
    • +
  • Ignore read errors in titles that would not be displayed anyway
    • +
  • Fix the chapter count
    • +
  • Make sure the array size and the array limit used when initialising + the palette size is the same.
    • +
  • Fix array printing.
    • +
  • Correct subsecond calculations.
    • +
  • Add sector information to the output format.
    • +
  • Clean up code to be closer to ANSI C and compile without warnings + with more GCC compiler warnings.
    • -

    -# s3qlstat /s3ql
-Directory entries:    9141
-Inodes:               9143
-Data blocks:          8851
-Total data size:      22049.38 MB
-After de-duplication: 21955.46 MB (99.57% of total)
-After compression:    21877.28 MB (99.22% of total, 99.64% of de-duplicated)
-Database size:        2.39 MB (uncompressed)
-(some values do not take into account not-yet-uploaded dirty blocks in cache)
-#
-

    +
-

I mentioned earlier that there are several possible suppliers of -storage. I did not try to locate them all, but am aware of at least -Greenqloud, -Google Drive, -Amazon S3 web serivces, -Rackspace and -Crowncloud. The latter even -accept payment in Bitcoin. Pick one that suit your need. Some of -them provide several GiB of free storage, but the prize models are -quire different and you will have to figure out what suit you -best.

- -

While researching this blog post, I had a look at research papers -and posters discussing the S3QL file system. There are several, which -told me that the file system is getting a critical check by the -science community and increased my confidence in using it. One nice -poster is titled -"An -Innovative Parallel Cloud Storage System using OpenStack’s SwiftObject -Store and Transformative Parallel I/O Approach" by Hsing-Bung -Chen, Benjamin McClelland, David Sherrill, Alfred Torrez, Parks Fields -and Pamela Smith. Please have a look.

- -

Given my problems with different file systems earlier, I decided to -check out the mounted S3QL file system to see if it would be usable as -a home directory (in other word, that it provided POSIX semantics when -it come to locking and umask handling etc). Running -my -test code to check file system semantics, I was happy to discover that -no error was found. So the file system can be used for home -directories, if one chooses to do so.

- -

If you do not want a locally file system, and want something that -work without the Linux fuse file system, I would like to mention the -Tarsnap service, which also -provide locally encrypted backup using a command line client. It have -a nicer access control system, where one can split out read and write -access, allowing some systems to write to the backup and others to -only read from it.

- -

As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my -activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address -15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b.

+

This change bring together patches for lsdvd in use in various +Linux and Unix distributions, as well as patches submitted to the +project the last nine years. Please check it out. :)

- Tags: debian, english, personvern, sikkerhet. + Tags: debian, english, lsdvd, multimedia.
@@ -308,86 +70,77 @@ activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
-
EU-domstolen bekreftet i dag at datalagringsdirektivet er ulovlig
-
8th April 2014
-

I dag kom endelig avgjørelsen fra EU-domstolen om -datalagringsdirektivet, som ikke overraskende ble dømt ulovlig og i -strid med borgernes grunnleggende rettigheter. Hvis du lurer på hva -datalagringsdirektivet er for noe, så er det -en -flott dokumentar tilgjengelig hos NRK som jeg tidligere -har -anbefalt alle å se.

- -

Her er et liten knippe nyhetsoppslag om saken, og jeg regner med at -det kommer flere ut over dagen. Flere kan finnes -via -mylder.

- -

-

+

+nano /usr/bin/edu-eatmydata-install
+

-

Jeg synes det er veldig fint at nok en stemme slår fast at -totalitær overvåkning av befolkningen er uakseptabelt, men det er -fortsatt like viktig å beskytte privatsfæren som før, da de -teknologiske mulighetene fortsatt finnes og utnyttes, og jeg tror -innsats i prosjekter som -Freedombox og -Dugnadsnett er viktigere enn -noen gang.

- -

Update 2014-04-08 12:10: Kronerullingen for å -stoppe datalagringsdirektivet i Norge gjøres hos foreningen -Digitalt Personvern, -som har samlet inn 843 215,- så langt men trenger nok mye mer hvis - -ikke Høyre og Arbeiderpartiet bytter mening i saken. Det var -kun -partinene Høyre og Arbeiderpartiet som stemte for -Datalagringsdirektivet, og en av dem må bytte mening for at det skal -bli flertall mot i Stortinget. Se mer om saken -Holder -de ord.

+

and add 'exit 0' as the second line, disabling the eatmydata +optimization. Return to the installation, select the profile you want +and continue. Without this change, exim4-config will fail to install +due to a known bug in eatmydata.

+ +

When you get the grub question at the end, answer /dev/sda (or if +this do not work, figure out what your correct value would be. All my +test machines need /dev/sda, so I have no advice if it do not fit +your need.

+ +

If you installed a profile including a graphical desktop, log in as +root after the initial boot from hard drive, and install the +education-desktop-XXX metapackage. XXX can be kde, gnome, lxde, xfce +or mate. If you want several desktop options, install more than one +metapackage. Once this is done, reboot and you should have a working +graphical login screen. This workaround should no longer be needed +once the education-tasks package version 1.801 enter testing in two +days.

+ +

I believe the ISO build will start working on two days when the new +tasksel package enter testing and Steve McIntyre get a chance to +update the debian-cd git repository. The eatmydata, grub and desktop +issues are already fixed in unstable and testing, and should show up +on the ISO as soon as the ISO build start working again. Well the +eatmydata optimization is really just disabled. The proper fix +require an upload by the eatmydata maintainer applying the patch +provided in bug #702711. +The rest have proper fixes in unstable.

+ +

I hope this get you going with the installation testing, as we are +quickly running out of time trying to get our Jessie based +installation ready before the distribution freeze in a month.

- Tags: norsk, personvern, sikkerhet, surveillance. + Tags: debian, debian edu, english.
@@ -395,62 +148,37 @@ de ord.

-
ReactOS Windows clone - nice free software
-
1st April 2014
-

Microsoft have announced that Windows XP reaches its end of life -2014-04-08, in 7 days. But there are heaps of machines still running -Windows XP, and depending on Windows XP to run their applications, and -upgrading will be expensive, both when it comes to money and when it -comes to the amount of effort needed to migrate from Windows XP to a -new operating system. Some obvious options (buy new a Windows -machine, buy a MacOSX machine, install Linux on the existing machine) -are already well known and covered elsewhere. Most of them involve -leaving the user applications installed on Windows XP behind and -trying out replacements or updated versions. In this blog post I want -to mention one strange bird that allow people to keep the hardware and -the existing Windows XP applications and run them on a free software -operating system that is Windows XP compatible.

- -

ReactOS is a free software -operating system (GNU GPL licensed) working on providing a operating -system that is binary compatible with Windows, able to run windows -programs directly and to use Windows drivers for hardware directly. -The project goal is for Windows user to keep their existing machines, -drivers and software, and gain the advantages from user a operating -system without usage limitations caused by non-free licensing. It is -a Windows clone running directly on the hardware, so quite different -from the approach taken by the Wine -project, which make it possible to run Windows binaries on -Linux.

- -

The ReactOS project share code with the Wine project, so most -shared libraries available on Windows are already implemented already. -There is also a software manager like the one we are used to on Linux, -allowing the user to install free software applications with a simple -click directly from the Internet. Check out the -screen shots on the -project web site for an idea what it look like (it looks just like -Windows before metro).

- -

I do not use ReactOS myself, preferring Linux and Unix like -operating systems. I've tested it, and it work fine in a virt-manager -virtual machine. The browser, minesweeper, notepad etc is working -fine as far as I can tell. Unfortunately, my main test application -is the software included on a CD with the Lego Mindstorms NXT, which -seem to install just fine from CD but fail to leave any binaries on -the disk after the installation. So no luck with that test software. -No idea why, but hope someone else figure out and fix the problem. -I've tried the ReactOS Live ISO on a physical machine, and it seemed -to work just fine. If you like Windows and want to keep running your -old Windows binaries, check it out by -downloading the -installation CD, the live CD or the preinstalled virtual machine -image.

+
Suddenly I am the new upstream of the lsdvd command line tool
+
25th September 2014
+

I use the lsdvd tool +to handle my fairly large DVD collection. It is a nice command line +tool to get details about a DVD, like title, tracks, track length, +etc, in XML, Perl or human readable format. But lsdvd have not seen +any new development since 2006 and had a few irritating bugs affecting +its use with some DVDs. Upstream seemed to be dead, and in January I +sent a small probe asking for a version control repository for the +project, without any reply. But I use it regularly and would like to +get an updated version +into Debian. So two weeks ago I tried harder to get in touch with +the project admin, and after getting a reply from him explaining that +he was no longer interested in the project, I asked if I could take +over. And yesterday, I became project admin.

+ +

I've been in touch with a Gentoo developer and the Debian +maintainer interested in joining forces to maintain the upstream +project, and I hope we can get a new release out fairly quickly, +collecting the patches spread around on the internet into on place. +I've added the relevant Debian patches to the freshly created git +repository, and expect the Gentoo patches to make it too. If you got +a DVD collection and care about command line tools, check out +the git source and join +the project mailing +list. :)

- Tags: english, reactos. + Tags: debian, english, lsdvd, multimedia.
@@ -458,132 +186,263 @@ image.

-
Debian Edu interview: Roger Marsal
-
30th March 2014
-

Debian Edu / Skolelinux -keep gaining new users. Some weeks ago, a person showed up on IRC, -#debian-edu, with a -wish to contribute, and I managed to get a interview with this great -contributor Roger Marsal to learn more about his background.

- -

Who are you, and how do you spend your days?

- -

My name is Roger Marsal, I'm 27 years old (1986 generation) and I -live in Barcelona, Spain. I've got a strong business background and I -work as a patrimony manager and as a real estate agent. Additionally, -I've co-founded a British based tech company that is nowadays on the -last development phase of a new social networking concept.

- -

I'm a Linux enthusiast that started its journey with Ubuntu four years -ago and have recently switched to Debian seeking rock solid stability -and as a necessary step to gain expertise.

- -

In a nutshell, I spend my days working and learning as much as I -can to face both my job, entrepreneur project and feed my Linux -hunger.

- -

How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu -project?

- -

I discovered the LTSP advantages -with "Ubuntu 12.04 alternate install" and after a year of use I -started looking for an alternative. Even though I highly value and -respect the Ubuntu project, I thought it was necessary for me to -change to a more robust and stable alternative. As far as I was using -Debian on my personal laptop I thought it would be fine to install -Debian and configure an LTSP server myself. Surprised, I discovered -that the Debian project also supported a kind of Edubuntu equivalent, -and after having some pain I obtained a Debian Edu network up and -running. I just loved it.

- -

What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian -Edu?

- -

I found a main advantage in that, once you know "the tips and -tricks", a new installation just works out of the box. It's the most -complete alternative I've found to create an LTSP network. All the -other distributions seems to be made of plastic, Debian Edu seems to -be made of steel.

- -

What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian -Edu?

- -

I found two main disadvantages.

- -

I'm not an expert but I've got notions and I had to spent a considerable -amount of time trying to bring up a standard network topology. I'm quite -stubborn and I just worked until I did but I'm sure many people with few -resources (not big schools, but academies for example) would have switched -or dropped.

- -

It's amazing how such a complex system like Debian Edu has achieved -this out-of-the-box state. Even though tweaking without breaking gets -more difficult, as more factors have to be considered. This can -discourage many people too.

- -

Which free software do you use daily?

- -

I use Debian, Firefox, Okular, Inkscape, LibreOffice and -Virtualbox.

- - -

Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to -get schools to use free software?

- -

I don't think there is a need for a particular strategy. The free -attribute in both "freedom" and "no price" meanings is what will -really bring free software to schools. In my experience I can think of -the "R" statistical language; a -few years a ago was an extremely nerd tool for university people. -Today it's being increasingly used to teach statistics at many -different level of studies. I believe free and open software will -increasingly gain popularity, but I'm sure schools will be one of the -first scenarios where this will happen.

-
-
- - - Tags: debian edu, english, intervju. - - -
-
-
- -
-
Dokumentaren om Datalagringsdirektivet sendes endelig på NRK
-
26th March 2014
-

Foreningen NUUG melder i natt at -NRK nå har bestemt seg for -når -den norske dokumentarfilmen om datalagringsdirektivet skal -sendes (se IMDB -for detaljer om filmen) . Første visning blir på NRK2 mandag -2014-03-31 kl. 19:50, og deretter visninger onsdag 2014-04-02 -kl. 12:30, fredag 2014-04-04 kl. 19:40 og søndag 2014-04-06 kl. 15:10. -Jeg har sett dokumentaren, og jeg anbefaler enhver å se den selv. Som -oppvarming mens vi venter anbefaler jeg Bjørn Stærks kronikk i -Aftenposten fra i går, -Autoritær -gjøkunge, der han gir en grei skisse av hvor ille det står til med -retten til privatliv og beskyttelsen av demokrati i Norge og resten -verden, og helt riktig slår fast at det er vi i databransjen som -sitter med nøkkelen til å gjøre noe med dette. Jeg har involvert meg -i prosjektene dugnadsnett.no -og FreedomBox for å -forsøke å gjøre litt selv for å bedre situasjonen, men det er mye -hardt arbeid fra mange flere enn meg som gjenstår før vi kan sies å ha -gjenopprettet balansen.

- -

Jeg regner med at nettutgaven dukker opp på -NRKs -side om filmen om datalagringsdirektivet om fem dager. Hold et -øye med siden, og tips venner og slekt om at de også bør se den.

+
Hva henger under skibrua over E16 på Sollihøgda?
+
21st September 2014
+

Rundt omkring i Oslo og Østlandsområdet henger det bokser over +veiene som jeg har lurt på hva gjør. De har ut fra plassering og +vinkling sett ut som bokser som sniffer ut et eller annet fra +forbipasserende trafikk, men det har vært uklart for meg hva det er de +leser av. Her om dagen tok jeg bilde av en slik boks som henger under +ei +skibru på Sollihøgda:

+ +

+ +

Boksen er tydelig merket «Kapsch >>>», logoen til +det sveitsiske selskapet Kapsch som +blant annet lager sensorsystemer for veitrafikk. Men de lager mye +forskjellig, og jeg kjente ikke igjen boksen på utseendet etter en +kjapp titt på produktlista til selskapet.

+ +

I og med at boksen henger over veien E16, en riksvei vedlikeholdt +av Statens Vegvesen, så antok jeg at det burde være mulig å bruke +REST-API-et som gir tilgang til vegvesenets database over veier, +skilter og annet veirelatert til å finne ut hva i alle dager dette +kunne være. De har både +en +datakatalog og +et +søk, der en kan søke etter ulike typer oppføringer innen for et +gitt geografisk område. Jeg laget et enkelt shell-script for å hente +ut antall av en gitt type innenfor området skibrua dekker, og listet +opp navnet på typene som ble funnet. Orket ikke slå opp hvordan +URL-koding av aktuelle strenger kunne gjøres mer generisk, og brukte +en stygg sed-linje i stedet.

+ +
+#!/bin/sh
+urlmap() {
+    sed \
+    -e 's/  / /g'   -e 's/{/%7B/g'  \
+    -e 's/}/%7D/g'  -e 's/\[/%5B/g' \
+    -e 's/\]/%5D/g' -e 's/ /%20/g'  \
+    -e 's/,/%2C/g'  -e 's/\"/%22/g' \
+    -e 's/:/%3A/g'
+}
+
+lookup() {
+    url="$1"
+    curl -s -H 'Accept: application/vnd.vegvesen.nvdb-v1+xml' \
+       "https://www.vegvesen.no/nvdb/api$url" | xmllint --format -
+}
+
+for id in $(seq 1 874) ; do
+    search="{
+  lokasjon: {
+    bbox: \"10.34425,59.96386,10.34458,59.96409\",
+    srid: \"WGS84\"
+  },
+   objektTyper: [{
+     id: $id, antall: 10
+   }]
+}"
+
+    query=/sok?kriterie=$(echo $search | urlmap)
+    if lookup "$query" |
+    grep -q '<totaltAntallReturnert>0<'
+    then
+    :
+    else
+    echo $id
+    lookup "/datakatalog/objekttyper/$id" |grep '^  <navn>'
+    fi
+done
+
+exit 0
+
+ +Aktuelt ID-område 1-874 var riktig i datakatalogen da jeg laget +scriptet. Det vil endre seg over tid. Skriptet listet så opp +aktuelle typer i og rundt skibrua: + +
+5
+  <navn>Rekkverk</navn>
+14
+  <navn>Rekkverksende</navn>
+47
+  <navn>Trafikklomme</navn>
+49
+  <navn>Trafikkøy</navn>
+60
+  <navn>Bru</navn>
+79
+  <navn>Stikkrenne/Kulvert</navn>
+80
+  <navn>Grøft, åpen</navn>
+86
+  <navn>Belysningsstrekning</navn>
+95
+  <navn>Skiltpunkt</navn>
+96
+  <navn>Skiltplate</navn>
+98
+  <navn>Referansestolpe</navn>
+99
+  <navn>Vegoppmerking, langsgående</navn>
+105
+  <navn>Fartsgrense</navn>
+106
+  <navn>Vinterdriftsstrategi</navn>
+172
+  <navn>Trafikkdeler</navn>
+241
+  <navn>Vegdekke</navn>
+293
+  <navn>Breddemåling</navn>
+301
+  <navn>Kantklippareal</navn>
+318
+  <navn>Snø-/isrydding</navn>
+445
+  <navn>Skred</navn>
+446
+  <navn>Dokumentasjon</navn>
+452
+  <navn>Undergang</navn>
+528
+  <navn>Tverrprofil</navn>
+532
+  <navn>Vegreferanse</navn>
+534
+  <navn>Region</navn>
+535
+  <navn>Fylke</navn>
+536
+  <navn>Kommune</navn>
+538
+  <navn>Gate</navn>
+539
+  <navn>Transportlenke</navn>
+540
+  <navn>Trafikkmengde</navn>
+570
+  <navn>Trafikkulykke</navn>
+571
+  <navn>Ulykkesinvolvert enhet</navn>
+572
+  <navn>Ulykkesinvolvert person</navn>
+579
+  <navn>Politidistrikt</navn>
+583
+  <navn>Vegbredde</navn>
+591
+  <navn>Høydebegrensning</navn>
+592
+  <navn>Nedbøyningsmåling</navn>
+597
+  <navn>Støy-luft, Strekningsdata</navn>
+601
+  <navn>Oppgravingsdata</navn>
+602
+  <navn>Oppgravingslag</navn>
+603
+  <navn>PMS-parsell</navn>
+604
+  <navn>Vegnormalstrekning</navn>
+605
+  <navn>Værrelatert strekning</navn>
+616
+  <navn>Feltstrekning</navn>
+617
+  <navn>Adressepunkt</navn>
+626
+  <navn>Friksjonsmåleserie</navn>
+629
+  <navn>Vegdekke, flatelapping</navn>
+639
+  <navn>Kurvatur, horisontalelement</navn>
+640
+  <navn>Kurvatur, vertikalelement</navn>
+642
+  <navn>Kurvatur, vertikalpunkt</navn>
+643
+  <navn>Statistikk, trafikkmengde</navn>
+647
+  <navn>Statistikk, vegbredde</navn>
+774
+  <navn>Nedbøyningsmåleserie</navn>
+775
+  <navn>ATK, influensstrekning</navn>
+794
+  <navn>Systemobjekt</navn>
+810
+  <navn>Vinterdriftsklasse</navn>
+821
+  <navn>Funksjonell vegklasse</navn>
+825
+  <navn>Kurvatur, stigning</navn>
+838
+  <navn>Vegbredde, beregnet</navn>
+862
+  <navn>Reisetidsregistreringspunkt</navn>
+871
+  <navn>Bruksklasse</navn>
+
+ +

Av disse ser ID 775 og 862 mest relevant ut. ID 775 antar jeg +refererer til fotoboksen som står like ved brua, mens +«Reisetidsregistreringspunkt» kanskje kan være boksen som henger der. +Hvordan finner jeg så ut hva dette kan være for noe. En titt på +datakatalogsiden +for ID 862/Reisetidsregistreringspunkt viser at det er finnes 53 +slike målere i Norge, og hvor de er plassert, men gir ellers få +detaljer. Det er plassert 40 på østlandet og 13 i Trondheimsregionen. +Men siden nevner «AutoPASS», og hvis en slår opp oppføringen på +Sollihøgda nevner den «Ciber AS» som ID for eksternt system. (Kan det +være snakk om +Ciber +Norge AS, et selskap eid av Ciber Europe Bv?) Et nettsøk på + «Ciber AS autopass» fører meg til en artikkel fra NRK Trøndelag i + 2013 med tittel +«Sjekk +dette hvis du vil unngå kø». Artikkelen henviser til vegvesenets +nettside +reisetider.no +som har en +kartside +for Østlandet som viser at det måles mellom Sandvika og Sollihøgda. +Det kan dermed se ut til at jeg har funnet ut hva boksene gjør.

+ +

Hvis det stemmer, så er dette bokser som leser av AutoPASS-ID-en +til alle passerende biler med AutoPASS-brikke, og dermed gjør det mulig +for de som kontrollerer boksene å holde rede på hvor en gitt bil er +når den passerte et slikt målepunkt. NRK-artikkelen forteller at +denne informasjonen i dag kun brukes til å koble to +AutoPASS-brikkepasseringer passeringer sammen for å beregne +reisetiden, og at bruken er godkjent av Datatilsynet. Det er desverre +ikke mulig for en sjåfør som passerer under en slik boks å kontrollere +at AutoPASS-ID-en kun brukes til dette i dag og i fremtiden.

+ +

I tillegg til denne type AutoPASS-sniffere vet jeg at det også +finnes mange automatiske stasjoner som tar betalt pr. passering (aka +bomstasjoner), og der lagres informasjon om tid, sted og bilnummer i +10 år. Finnes det andre slike sniffere plassert ut på veiene?

+ +

Personlig har jeg valgt å ikke bruke AutoPASS-brikke, for å gjøre +det vanskeligere og mer kostbart for de som vil invadere privatsfæren +og holde rede på hvor bilen min beveger seg til enhver tid. Jeg håper +flere vil gjøre det samme, selv om det gir litt høyere private +utgifter (dyrere bompassering). Vern om privatsfæren koster i disse +dager.

+ +

Takk til Jan Kristian Jensen i Statens Vegvesen for tips om +dokumentasjon på vegvesenets REST-API.

- Tags: freedombox, mesh network, norsk, personvern, sikkerhet, surveillance. + Tags: kart, norsk, personvern, rfid, surveillance.
@@ -591,102 +450,215 @@ side om filmen om datalagringsdirektivet om fem dager. Hold et
-
Public Trusted Timestamping services for everyone
-
25th March 2014
-

Did you ever need to store logs or other files in a way that would -allow it to be used as evidence in court, and needed a way to -demonstrate without reasonable doubt that the file had not been -changed since it was created? Or, did you ever need to document that -a given document was received at some point in time, like some -archived document or the answer to an exam, and not changed after it -was received? The problem in these settings is to remove the need to -trust yourself and your computers, while still being able to prove -that a file is the same as it was at some given time in the past.

- -

A solution to these problems is to have a trusted third party -"stamp" the document and verify that at some given time the document -looked a given way. Such -notarius service -have been around for thousands of years, and its digital equivalent is -called a -trusted -timestamping service. The Internet -Engineering Task Force standardised how such service could work a -few years ago as RFC -3161. The mechanism is simple. Create a hash of the file in -question, send it to a trusted third party which add a time stamp to -the hash and sign the result with its private key, and send back the -signed hash + timestamp. Both email, FTP and HTTP can be used to -request such signature, depending on what is provided by the service -used. Anyone with the document and the signature can then verify that -the document matches the signature by creating their own hash and -checking the signature using the trusted third party public key. -There are several commercial services around providing such -timestamping. A quick search for -"rfc 3161 -service" pointed me to at least -DigiStamp, -Quo -Vadis, -Global Sign -and Global -Trust Finder. The system work as long as the private key of the -trusted third party is not compromised.

- -

But as far as I can tell, there are very few public trusted -timestamp services available for everyone. I've been looking for one -for a while now. But yesterday I found one over at -Deutches -Forschungsnetz mentioned in -a -blog by David Müller. I then found -a -good recipe on how to use the service over at the University of -Greifswald.

- -

The OpenSSL library contain -both server and tools to use and set up your own signing service. See -the ts(1SSL), tsget(1SSL) manual pages for more details. The -following shell script demonstrate how to extract a signed timestamp -for any file on the disk in a Debian environment:

+
Speeding up the Debian installer using eatmydata and dpkg-divert
+
16th September 2014
+

The Debian installer could be +a lot quicker. When we install more than 2000 packages in +Skolelinux / Debian Edu using +tasksel in the installer, unpacking the binary packages take forever. +A part of the slow I/O issue was discussed in +bug #613428 about too +much file system sync-ing done by dpkg, which is the package +responsible for unpacking the binary packages. Other parts (like code +executed by postinst scripts) might also sync to disk during +installation. All this sync-ing to disk do not really make sense to +me. If the machine crash half-way through, I start over, I do not try +to salvage the half installed system. So the failure sync-ing is +supposed to protect against, hardware or system crash, is not really +relevant while the installer is running.

+ +

A few days ago, I thought of a way to get rid of all the file +system sync()-ing in a fairly non-intrusive way, without the need to +change the code in several packages. The idea is not new, but I have +not heard anyone propose the approach using dpkg-divert before. It +depend on the small and clever package +eatmydata, which +uses LD_PRELOAD to replace the system functions for syncing data to +disk with functions doing nothing, thus allowing programs to live +dangerous while speeding up disk I/O significantly. Instead of +modifying the implementation of dpkg, apt and tasksel (which are the +packages responsible for selecting, fetching and installing packages), +it occurred to me that we could just divert the programs away, replace +them with a simple shell wrapper calling +"eatmydata $program $@", to get the same effect. +Two days ago I decided to test the idea, and wrapped up a simple +implementation for the Debian Edu udeb.

+ +

The effect was stunning. In my first test it reduced the running +time of the pkgsel step (installing tasks) from 64 to less than 44 +minutes (20 minutes shaved off the installation) on an old Dell +Latitude D505 machine. I am not quite sure what the optimised time +would have been, as I messed up the testing a bit, causing the debconf +priority to get low enough for two questions to pop up during +installation. As soon as I saw the questions I moved the installation +along, but do not know how long the question were holding up the +installation. I did some more measurements using Debian Edu Jessie, +and got these results. The time measured is the time stamp in +/var/log/syslog between the "pkgsel: starting tasksel" and the +"pkgsel: finishing up" lines, if you want to do the same measurement +yourself. In Debian Edu, the tasksel dialog do not show up, and the +timing thus do not depend on how quickly the user handle the tasksel +dialog.

+ +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Machine/setupOriginal taskselOptimised taskselReduction
Latitude D505 Main+LTSP LXDE64 min (07:46-08:50)<44 min (11:27-12:11)>20 min 18%
Latitude D505 Roaming LXDE57 min (08:48-09:45)34 min (07:43-08:17)23 min 40%
Latitude D505 Minimal22 min (10:37-10:59)11 min (11:16-11:27)11 min 50%
Thinkpad X200 Minimal6 min (08:19-08:25)4 min (08:04-08:08)2 min 33%
Thinkpad X200 Roaming KDE19 min (09:21-09:40)15 min (10:25-10:40)4 min 21%

+ +

The test is done using a netinst ISO on a USB stick, so some of the +time is spent downloading packages. The connection to the Internet +was 100Mbit/s during testing, so downloading should not be a +significant factor in the measurement. Download typically took a few +seconds to a few minutes, depending on the amount of packages being +installed.

+ +

The speedup is implemented by using two hooks in +Debian +Installer, the pre-pkgsel.d hook to set up the diverts, and the +finish-install.d hook to remove the divert at the end of the +installation. I picked the pre-pkgsel.d hook instead of the +post-base-installer.d hook because I test using an ISO without the +eatmydata package included, and the post-base-installer.d hook in +Debian Edu can only operate on packages included in the ISO. The +negative effect of this is that I am unable to activate this +optimization for the kernel installation step in d-i. If the code is +moved to the post-base-installer.d hook, the speedup would be larger +for the entire installation.

+ +

I've implemented this in the +debian-edu-install +git repository, and plan to provide the optimization as part of the +Debian Edu installation. If you want to test this yourself, you can +create two files in the installer (or in an udeb). One shell script +need do go into /usr/lib/pre-pkgsel.d/, with content like this:

 #!/bin/sh
 set -e
-url="http://zeitstempel.dfn.de"
-caurl="https://pki.pca.dfn.de/global-services-ca/pub/cacert/chain.txt"
-reqfile=$(mktemp -t tmp.XXXXXXXXXX.tsq)
-resfile=$(mktemp -t tmp.XXXXXXXXXX.tsr)
-cafile=chain.txt
-if [ ! -f $cafile ] ; then
-    wget -O $cafile "$caurl"
-fi
-openssl ts -query -data "$1" -cert | tee "$reqfile" \
-    | /usr/lib/ssl/misc/tsget -h "$url" -o "$resfile"
-openssl ts -reply -in "$resfile" -text 1>&2
-openssl ts -verify -data "$1" -in "$resfile" -CAfile "$cafile" 1>&2
-base64 < "$resfile"
-rm "$reqfile" "$resfile"
+. /usr/share/debconf/confmodule
+info() {
+    logger -t my-pkgsel "info: $*"
+}
+error() {
+    logger -t my-pkgsel "error: $*"
+}
+override_install() {
+    apt-install eatmydata || true
+    if [ -x /target/usr/bin/eatmydata ] ; then
+        for bin in dpkg apt-get aptitude tasksel ; do
+            file=/usr/bin/$bin
+            # Test that the file exist and have not been diverted already.
+            if [ -f /target$file ] ; then
+                info "diverting $file using eatmydata"
+                printf "#!/bin/sh\neatmydata $bin.distrib \"\$@\"\n" \
+                    > /target$file.edu
+                chmod 755 /target$file.edu
+                in-target dpkg-divert --package debian-edu-config \
+                    --rename --quiet --add $file
+                ln -sf ./$bin.edu /target$file
+            else
+                error "unable to divert $file, as it is missing."
+            fi
+        done
+    else
+        error "unable to find /usr/bin/eatmydata after installing the eatmydata pacage"
+    fi
+}
+
+override_install
+

+ +

To clean up, another shell script should go into +/usr/lib/finish-install.d/ with code like this: + +

+#! /bin/sh -e
+. /usr/share/debconf/confmodule
+error() {
+    logger -t my-finish-install "error: $@"
+}
+remove_install_override() {
+    for bin in dpkg apt-get aptitude tasksel ; do
+        file=/usr/bin/$bin
+        if [ -x /target$file.edu ] ; then
+            rm /target$file
+            in-target dpkg-divert --package debian-edu-config \
+                --rename --quiet --remove $file
+            rm /target$file.edu
+        else
+            error "Missing divert for $file."
+        fi
+    done
+    sync # Flush file buffers before continuing
+}
+
+remove_install_override

-

The argument to the script is the file to timestamp, and the output -is a base64 encoded version of the signature to STDOUT and details -about the signature to STDERR. Note that due to -a bug -in the tsget script, you might need to modify the included script -and remove the last line. Or just write your own HTTP uploader using -curl. :) Now you too can prove and verify that files have not been -changed.

- -

But the Internet need more public trusted timestamp services. -Perhaps something for Uninett or -my work place the University of Oslo -to set up?

+

In Debian Edu, I placed both code fragments in a separate script +edu-eatmydata-install and call it from the pre-pkgsel.d and +finish-install.d scripts.

+ +

By now you might ask if this change should get into the normal +Debian installer too? I suspect it should, but am not sure the +current debian-installer coordinators find it useful enough. It also +depend on the side effects of the change. I'm not aware of any, but I +guess we will see if the change is safe after some more testing. +Perhaps there is some package in Debian depending on sync() and +fsync() having effect? Perhaps it should go into its own udeb, to +allow those of us wanting to enable it to do so without affecting +everyone.

+ +

Update 2014-09-24: Since a few days ago, enabling this optimization +will break installation of all programs using gnutls because of +bug #702711. An updated +eatmydata package in Debian will solve it.

- Tags: english, sikkerhet. + Tags: debian, debian edu, english.
@@ -694,54 +666,62 @@ to set up?

-
Video DVD reader library / python-dvdvideo - nice free software
-
21st March 2014
-

Keeping your DVD collection safe from scratches and curious -children fingers while still having it available when you want to see a -movie is not straight forward. My preferred method at the moment is -to store a full copy of the ISO on a hard drive, and use VLC, Popcorn -Hour or other useful players to view the resulting file. This way the -subtitles and bonus material are still available and using the ISO is -just like inserting the original DVD record in the DVD player.

- -

Earlier I used dd for taking security copies, but it do not handle -DVDs giving read errors (which are quite a few of them). I've also -tried using -dvdbackup -and genisoimage, but these days I use the marvellous python library -and program -python-dvdvideo -written by Bastian Blank. It is -in Debian -already and the binary package name is python3-dvdvideo. Instead -of trying to read every block from the DVD, it parses the file -structure and figure out which block on the DVD is actually in used, -and only read those blocks from the DVD. This work surprisingly well, -and I have been able to almost backup my entire DVD collection using -this method.

- -

So far, python-dvdvideo have failed on between 10 and -20 DVDs, which is a small fraction of my collection. The most common -problem is -DVDs -using UTF-16 instead of UTF-8 characters, which according to -Bastian is against the DVD specification (and seem to cause some -players to fail too). A rarer problem is what seem to be inconsistent -DVD structures, as the python library -claim -there is a overlap between objects. An equally rare problem claim -some -value is out of range. No idea what is going on there. I wish I -knew enough about the DVD format to fix these, to ensure my movie -collection will stay with me in the future.

- -

So, if you need to keep your DVDs safe, back them up using -python-dvdvideo. :)

+
Good bye subkeys.pgp.net, welcome pool.sks-keyservers.net
+
10th September 2014
+

Yesterday, I had the pleasure of attending a talk with the +Norwegian Unix User Group about +the +OpenPGP keyserver pool sks-keyservers.net, and was very happy to +learn that there is a large set of publicly available key servers to +use when looking for peoples public key. So far I have used +subkeys.pgp.net, and some times wwwkeys.nl.pgp.net when the former +were misbehaving, but those days are ended. The servers I have used +up until yesterday have been slow and some times unavailable. I hope +those problems are gone now.

+ +

Behind the round robin DNS entry of the +sks-keyservers.net service +there is a pool of more than 100 keyservers which are checked every +day to ensure they are well connected and up to date. It must be +better than what I have used so far. :)

+ +

Yesterdays speaker told me that the service is the default +keyserver provided by the default configuration in GnuPG, but this do +not seem to be used in Debian. Perhaps it should?

+ +

Anyway, I've updated my ~/.gnupg/options file to now include this +line:

+ +

+keyserver pool.sks-keyservers.net
+

+ +

With GnuPG version 2 one can also locate the keyserver using SRV +entries in DNS. Just for fun, I did just that at work, so now every +user of GnuPG at the University of Oslo should find a OpenGPG +keyserver automatically should their need it:

+ +

+% host -t srv _pgpkey-http._tcp.uio.no
+_pgpkey-http._tcp.uio.no has SRV record 0 100 11371 pool.sks-keyservers.net.
+%
+

+ +

Now if only +the +HKP lookup protocol supported finding signature paths, I would be +very happy. It can look up a given key or search for a user ID, but I +normally do not want that, but to find a trust path from my key to +another key. Given a user ID or key ID, I would like to find (and +download) the keys representing a signature path from my key to the +key in question, to be able to get a trust path between the two keys. +This is as far as I can tell not possible today. Perhaps something +for a future version of the protocol?

- Tags: english, multimedia, opphavsrett, video. + Tags: debian, english, personvern, sikkerhet.
@@ -749,56 +729,116 @@ python-dvdvideo. :)

-
Norsk utgave av Alaveteli / WhatDoTheyKnow på trappene
-
16th March 2014
-

Det offentlige Norge har mye kunnskap og informasjon. Men hvordan -kan en få tilgang til den på en enkel måte? Takket være et lite -knippe lover og tilhørende forskrifter, blant annet -offentlighetsloven, -miljøinformasjonsloven -og -forvaltningsloven -har en rett til å spørre det offentlige og få svar. Men det finnes -intet offentlig arkiv over hva andre har spurt om, og dermed risikerer en -å måtte forstyrre myndighetene gang på gang for å få tak i samme -informasjonen på nytt. Britiske -mySociety har laget tjenesten -WhatDoTheyKnow som gjør -noe med dette. I Storbritannia blir WhatdoTheyKnow brukt i -ca -15% av alle innsynsforespørsler mot sentraladministrasjonen. -Prosjektet heter Alaveteli, og -er takk i bruk en rekke steder etter at løsningen ble generalisert og -gjort mulig å oversette. Den hjelper borgerne med å be om innsyn, -rådgir ved purringer og klager og lar alle se hvilke henvendelser som -er sendt til det offentlige og hvilke svar som er kommet inn, i et -søkpart arkiv. Her i Norge holder vi i foreningen NUUG på å få opp en -norsk utgave av Alaveteli, og her trenger vi din hjelp med -oversettelsen.

- -

Så langt er 76 % av Alaveteli oversatt til norsk bokmål, men vi -skulle gjerne vært oppe i 100 % før lansering. Oversettelsen gjøres -på Transifex, -der enhver som registrerer seg og ber om tilgang til -bokmålsoversettelsen får bidra. Vi har satt opp en test av tjenesten -(som ikke sender epost til det offentlige, kun til oss som holder på å -sette opp tjenesten) på maskinen -alaveteli-dev.nuug.no, der -en kan se hvordan de oversatte meldingen blir seende ut på nettsiden. -Når tjenesten lanseres vil den hete -Mimes brønn, etter -visdomskilden som Odin måtte gi øyet sitt for å få drikke i. Den -nettsiden er er ennå ikke klar til bruk.

- -

Hvis noen vil oversette til nynorsk også, så skal vi finne ut -hvordan vi lager en flerspråklig tjeneste. Men i første omgang er -fokus på bokmålsoversettelsen, der vi selv har nok peiling til å ha -fått oversatt 76%, men trenger hjelp for å komme helt i mål. :)

+
Do you need an agreement with MPEG-LA to publish and broadcast H.264 video in Norway?
+
25th August 2014
+

Two years later, I am still not sure if it is legal here in Norway +to use or publish a video in H.264 or MPEG4 format edited by the +commercially licensed video editors, without limiting the use to +create "personal" or "non-commercial" videos or get a license +agreement with MPEG LA. If one +want to publish and broadcast video in a non-personal or commercial +setting, it might be that those tools can not be used, or that video +format can not be used, without breaking their copyright license. I +am not sure. +Back +then, I found that the copyright license terms for Adobe Premiere +and Apple Final Cut Pro both specified that one could not use the +program to produce anything else without a patent license from MPEG +LA. The issue is not limited to those two products, though. Other +much used products like those from Avid and Sorenson Media have terms +of use are similar to those from Adobe and Apple. The complicating +factor making me unsure if those terms have effect in Norway or not is +that the patents in question are not valid in Norway, but copyright +licenses are.

+ +

These are the terms for Avid Artist Suite, according to their +published +end user +license +text (converted to lower case text for easier reading):

+ +

+

18.2. MPEG-4. MPEG-4 technology may be included with the +software. MPEG LA, L.L.C. requires this notice:

+ +

This product is licensed under the MPEG-4 visual patent portfolio +license for the personal and non-commercial use of a consumer for (i) +encoding video in compliance with the MPEG-4 visual standard (“MPEG-4 +video”) and/or (ii) decoding MPEG-4 video that was encoded by a +consumer engaged in a personal and non-commercial activity and/or was +obtained from a video provider licensed by MPEG LA to provide MPEG-4 +video. No license is granted or shall be implied for any other +use. Additional information including that relating to promotional, +internal and commercial uses and licensing may be obtained from MPEG +LA, LLC. See http://www.mpegla.com. This product is licensed under +the MPEG-4 systems patent portfolio license for encoding in compliance +with the MPEG-4 systems standard, except that an additional license +and payment of royalties are necessary for encoding in connection with +(i) data stored or replicated in physical media which is paid for on a +title by title basis and/or (ii) data which is paid for on a title by +title basis and is transmitted to an end user for permanent storage +and/or use, such additional license may be obtained from MPEG LA, +LLC. See http://www.mpegla.com for additional details.

+ +

18.3. H.264/AVC. H.264/AVC technology may be included with the +software. MPEG LA, L.L.C. requires this notice:

+ +

This product is licensed under the AVC patent portfolio license for +the personal use of a consumer or other uses in which it does not +receive remuneration to (i) encode video in compliance with the AVC +standard (“AVC video”) and/or (ii) decode AVC video that was encoded +by a consumer engaged in a personal activity and/or was obtained from +a video provider licensed to provide AVC video. No license is granted +or shall be implied for any other use. Additional information may be +obtained from MPEG LA, L.L.C. See http://www.mpegla.com.

+

+ +

Note the requirement that the videos created can only be used for +personal or non-commercial purposes.

+ +

The Sorenson Media software have +similar terms:

+ +

+ +

With respect to a license from Sorenson pertaining to MPEG-4 Video +Decoders and/or Encoders: Any such product is licensed under the +MPEG-4 visual patent portfolio license for the personal and +non-commercial use of a consumer for (i) encoding video in compliance +with the MPEG-4 visual standard (“MPEG-4 video”) and/or (ii) decoding +MPEG-4 video that was encoded by a consumer engaged in a personal and +non-commercial activity and/or was obtained from a video provider +licensed by MPEG LA to provide MPEG-4 video. No license is granted or +shall be implied for any other use. Additional information including +that relating to promotional, internal and commercial uses and +licensing may be obtained from MPEG LA, LLC. See +http://www.mpegla.com.

+ +

With respect to a license from Sorenson pertaining to MPEG-4 +Consumer Recorded Data Encoder, MPEG-4 Systems Internet Data Encoder, +MPEG-4 Mobile Data Encoder, and/or MPEG-4 Unique Use Encoder: Any such +product is licensed under the MPEG-4 systems patent portfolio license +for encoding in compliance with the MPEG-4 systems standard, except +that an additional license and payment of royalties are necessary for +encoding in connection with (i) data stored or replicated in physical +media which is paid for on a title by title basis and/or (ii) data +which is paid for on a title by title basis and is transmitted to an +end user for permanent storage and/or use. Such additional license may +be obtained from MPEG LA, LLC. See http://www.mpegla.com for +additional details.

+ +

+ +

Some free software like +Handbrake and +FFMPEG uses GPL/LGPL licenses and do +not have any such terms included, so for those, there is no +requirement to limit the use to personal and non-commercial.

- Tags: norsk, nuug, offentlig innsyn. + Tags: english, multimedia, opphavsrett, standard, video, web.
@@ -806,70 +846,167 @@ fått oversatt 76%, men trenger hjelp for å komme helt i mål. :)

-
Freedombox on Dreamplug, Raspberry Pi and virtual x86 machine
-
14th March 2014
-

The Freedombox -project is working on providing the software and hardware for -making it easy for non-technical people to host their data and -communication at home, and being able to communicate with their -friends and family encrypted and away from prying eyes. It has been -going on for a while, and is slowly progressing towards a new test -release (0.2).

- -

And what day could be better than the Pi day to announce that the -new version will provide "hard drive" / SD card / USB stick images for -Dreamplug, Raspberry Pi and VirtualBox (or any other virtualization -system), and can also be installed using a Debian installer preseed -file. The Debian based Freedombox is now based on Debian Jessie, -where most of the needed packages used are already present. Only one, -the freedombox-setup package, is missing. To try to build your own -boot image to test the current status, fetch the freedom-maker scripts -and build using -vmdebootstrap -with a user with sudo access to become root: - -

-git clone http://anonscm.debian.org/git/freedombox/freedom-maker.git \
-  freedom-maker
-sudo apt-get install git vmdebootstrap mercurial python-docutils \
-  mktorrent extlinux virtualbox qemu-user-static binfmt-support \
-  u-boot-tools
-make -C freedom-maker dreamplug-image raspberry-image virtualbox-image
-
- -

Root access is needed to run debootstrap and mount loopback -devices. See the README for more details on the build. If you do not -want all three images, trim the make line. But note that thanks to a race condition in -vmdebootstrap, the build might fail without the patch to the -kpartx call.

- -

If you instead want to install using a Debian CD and the preseed -method, boot a Debian Wheezy ISO and use this boot argument to load -the preseed values:

- -
-url=http://www.reinholdtsen.name/freedombox/preseed-jessie.dat
-
- -

But note that due to a -recently introduced bug in apt in Jessie, the installer will -currently hang while setting up APT sources. Killing the -'apt-cdrom ident' process when it hang a few times during the -installation will get the installation going. This affect all -installations in Jessie, and I expect it will be fixed soon.

- -

Give it a go and let us know how it goes on the mailing list, and help -us get the new release published. :) Please join us on -IRC (#freedombox on -irc.debian.org) and -the -mailing list if you want to help make this vision come true.

+
Lenker for 2014-08-03
+
3rd August 2014
+

Lenge siden jeg har hatt tid til å publisere lenker til skriverier +jeg har hatt glede og nytte av av å lese. Her er en liten norsk +lenkesamling.

+ +

    + +
  • Sjøslag +om fiskemilliardene (NRK Ytring 2014-03-03) - litt om hvordan de +norske felles matressurser røves fra felleskapet.
    • + +
  • Matkrisen +kan komme til Norge (Aftenposten 2014-4-01) - hvordan miljøendringene vil gjøre matproduksjonen i Norge mer sÃ¥rbar.
    • + +
  • Norge +trenger kornlager (NRK Ytring 2014-06-07) Chr. Anton Smedshaug +forteller litt om Norges sÃ¥rbare matsituasjon etter at Staten solgte +Norges kornlager.
    • + +
  • PST +vil overvÃ¥ke datatastaturer (NRK 2014-03-04) - PST ønsker retten +til Ã¥ bryte seg inn pÃ¥ private PC-er og legge inn spionprogrammer. +Hvilket nok vil gjøre Linux mer populært, men gjør at en i enda mindre +grad enn i dag kan stole pÃ¥ datamaskiner - neppe en god ide for +samfunnet totalt sett.
    • + +
  • «Ruter +fremstÃ¥r som et pøbelvelde» (OsloBy 2014-03-05) - et eksempel pÃ¥ +hvordan kollektivtransportselskapet i Oslo hÃ¥ndterer sine kunder.
    • + +
  • Clear +Channel nektet Ã¥ vise Greenpeace-reklame i Oslo (Dagbladet +2014-03-05) - forteller litt om hvordan hvilke budskap som nÃ¥r ut i +det offentlige rom kontrolleres i Norge.
    • + +
  • Svarte +ikke pÃ¥ kritikken (Dagbladet 2014-03-06) - innlegg fra Norsk +presseforbund der de nok en gang tar opp det forkastelige i at +politiet nÃ¥ har full tilgang til Ã¥ bedrive telefonkontroll av +advokater.
    • + +
  • «Putin +spiller poker, ikke sjakk. I sjakk har man regler.» (Aftenposten +2014-03-08) - sjakklegenden Kasparov forklarer litt om hvordan han ser +at Russlands politikk fungerer, blant annet i lys av started av +Ukraina-krisen.
    • + +
  • I +seng med fienden (Aftenposten 2014-03-10) - kronikk fra Eirik +H. Vinje om hvordan menn og kvinner settes opp mot hverandre i det +offentlige ordskiftet, kanskje pÃ¥ sviktende grunnlag.
    • + +
  • Fritt +frem for skulk (Aftenposten 2014-03-14) - skildring av hvordan +norske elever i dag ikke lenger har rimelig krav om oppmøte pÃ¥ +skolen.
    • + +
  • «Datalagringsdirektiv» +avslørte abort, sykdom og vÃ¥penkjøp (Aftenposten 2014-03-14) - om +hvordan forskere har dokumentert hvordan innsamling av metadata om +telefoni og Internett-bruk kan være svært avslørende.
    • + +
  • Konsentrasjonssvikt +pÃ¥ pensum (Dagbladet 2014-03-14) - Kommentar om hvordan (feil) +bruk IKT i skolen kan ødelegge mer enn det bidrar til læring.
    • + +
  • Reservasjonsrettsstaten +(blogg fra Doremus 2014-02-09) - morsom beskrivelse om hvordan +regjeringens forslag til reservasjonsrett for leger kan utvides til Ã¥ +gjelde alles samvittighet.
    • + +
  • Autoritær +gjøkunge (Aftenposten 2014-03-25) - Kronikk av Bjørn Stærk om +snurpenots-overvÃ¥kningen som varsleren Snowden dokumenterte.
    • + +
  • Leveransekrise +i Offentlig sektor – mener Mike Bracken, Executive Director of Digital +in the Cabinet Office (blogg fra Friprog-senteret 2014-03-26).
    • + +
  • Norge +mÃ¥ stanse avlyttingen (Dagbladet 2014-03-26) - leserinnlegg fra +Felix Horne der han ber om at Norge gjør en innsats for Ã¥ fÃ¥ slutt pÃ¥ +overvÃ¥kning av innbyggerne som gjøres i Norge av Etiopiske +myndigheter.
    • + +
  • Demokrati +er ingen naturlig styreform (Aftenposten 2014-04-01) - kronikk av +Stein Ringen om hvordan demokrati som styreform gÃ¥r tapt nÃ¥r +innbyggerne tar det for gitt.
    • + +
  • Ytringsansvar +ere Enhver tilladte! (NRK Ytring 2014-04-01) - innspill fra Trygve +Svensson og Helge Svare om at hver enkelt av oss har et ansvar for Ã¥ +ytre oss i den offentlige debatten.
    • + +
  • Jeg +er ingen god samfunnsborger (Aftenposten 2014-04-16), kronikk av +Simen Tveitereid om alternative mÃ¥ter Ã¥ motiveres i samfunnet, uten Ã¥ +hige etter mer penger og flere ting.
    • + +
  • DLD-dommen: +Avgjørelsen fÃ¥r umiddelbar virkning (Aftenposten 2014-04-10) - +kronikk av Høyres Michael Tetzschner, en partiutbryter i DLD-saken som +stemte nei til DLD i Stortinget i 2011.
    • + +
  • Datalagringsdirektivets +endelikt (blogg fra John Wessel-Aas 2014-04-11) - oppsummering +av hvordan direktivet ble funnet ugyldig i EU-domstolen.
    • + +
  • Kronikk: +Kapitulasjonspresidenten (VG 2014-04-22) - kronikk av Einar +Kr. Steffenak om hvordan Stortingspresidenten og regjeringen viser sin +prinsippløshet i møte med Kina.
    • + +
  • Innerst +inne er alle nordmenn (Aftenposten 2014-04-27) - kronikk fra Bjørn +Stærk om hvordan vi i Vesten i stor grad baserer oss pÃ¥ en fantasi om +at alle i verden bærer pÃ¥ en drøm om Ã¥ bli som oss.
    • + +
  • Det +italienske senatet gav seg selv 134 milliarder euro i sluttpakke +(Aftenposten 2014-06-19) - forsker Simen Gaure forteller hvordan +løgner og fantasi fra nettkilder i stor grad blir akseptert som +sannhet - antagelig ogsÃ¥ av deg og meg.
    • + +
  • Et +forsvar for brÃ¥kmakerne (Dagbladet 2014-05-30) - kronikk av Dag +Øystein Nome som beskriver hvordan dagens skole ikke fungerer sÃ¥ godt +for mange elever.
    • + +
  • Betalte +med slitt seddel - havnet i arresten (Osloby 2014-06-25)) - +dokumentasjon av Oslopolitiets angrep pÃ¥ vÃ¥r alles rett til Ã¥ ferdes +uten elektronisk sporing. Jeg bruker kontanter i sÃ¥ stor grad som +mulig da banken ikke har noe med hvor jeg er og hva jeg kjøper. Vi +som gjør dette risikerer som beskrevet overgrep som frihetsberøvelse +og registrering og lagring av fingeravtrykk og bilde i politiets +database over mistenkte.
    • + +
  • Fredsprisen +til Snowden (Aftenposten 2014-06-28) - leder som forklarer hvorfor +varsleren Snowden bør fÃ¥ fredsprisen.
    • + +
  • Strategi +for politistaten (Dagbladet 2014-08-01) - leder som advarer om +sterke krefter som bruker terrortrusselen til Ã¥ lirke Norge nærmere Ã¥ +bli en politistat.
    • + +
  • Vi +mÃ¥ tenke nytt om narkotika (NRK Ytring 2014-08-03) - Mark Lewis +forklarer hvorfor legalisering og offentlig kontroll av +narkotikamarkedet er mye bedre enn Ã¥ overlate det til kriminelle.
    • + + +

- Tags: debian, english, freedombox, sikkerhet, surveillance, web. + Tags: lenker, norsk, opphavsrett, personvern.
@@ -877,94 +1014,134 @@ mailing list if you want to help make this vision come true.

-
How to add extra storage servers in Debian Edu / Skolelinux
-
12th March 2014
-

On larger sites, it is useful to use a dedicated storage server for -storing user home directories and data. The design for handling this -in Debian Edu / Skolelinux, is -to update the automount rules in LDAP and let the automount daemon on -the clients take care of the rest. I was reminded about the need to -document this better when one of the customers of -Skolelinux Drift AS, where I am -on the board of directors, asked about how to do this. The steps to -get this working are the following:

+
Debian Edu interview: Bernd Zeitzen
+
31st July 2014
+

The complete and free “out of the box” software solution for +schools, Debian Edu / +Skolelinux, is used quite a lot in Germany, and one of the people +involved is Bernd Zeitzen, who show up on the project mailing lists +from time to time with interesting questions and tips on how to adjust +the setup. I managed to interview him this summer.

-

    +

    Who are you, and how do you spend your days?

    -
  1. Add new storage server in DNS. I use nas-server.intern as the -example host here.
    2. +

    My name is Bernd Zeitzen and I'm married with Hedda, a self +employed physiotherapist. My former profession is tool maker, but I +haven't worked for 30 years in this job. 30 years ago I started to +support my wife and become her officeworker and a few years later the +administrator for a small computer network, today based on Ubuntu +Server (Samba, OpenVPN). For her daily work she has to use Windows +Desktops because the software she needs to organize her business only +works with Windows . :-(

    + +

    In 1988 we started with one PC and DOS, then I learned to use +Windows 98, 2000, XP, …, 8, Ubuntu, MacOSX. Today we are running a +Linux server with 6 Windows clients and 10 persons (teacher of +children with special needs, speech therapist, occupational therapist, +psychologist and officeworkers) using our Samba shares via OpenVPN to +work with the documentations of our patients.

    -
  2. Add automoun LDAP information about this server in LDAP, to allow -all clients to automatically mount it on reqeust.
    3. +

    How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu +project?

    -
  3. Add the relevant entries in tjener.intern:/etc/fstab, because -tjener.intern do not use automount to avoid mounting loops.
    4. +

    Two years ago a friend of mine asked me, if I want to get a job in +his school (Gymnasium +Harsewinkel). They started with Skolelinux / Debian Edu and they +were looking for people to give support to the teachers using the +software and the network and teaching the pupils increasing their +computer skills in optional lessons. I'm spending 4-6 hours a week +with this job.

    -

+

What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian +Edu?

-

DNS entries are added in GOsa², and not described here. Follow the -instructions -in the manual (Machine Management with GOsa² in section Getting -started).

+

The independence.

-

Ensure that the NFS export points on the server are exported to the -relevant subnets or machines:

+

First: Every person is allowed to use, share and develop the +software. Even if you are poor, you are allowed to use the software +included in Skolelinux/Debian Edu and all the other Free Software.

-

-root@tjener:~# showmount -e nas-server
-Export list for nas-server:
-/storage         10.0.0.0/8
-root@tjener:~#
-

+

Second: The software runs on old machines and this gives us the +possibility to recycle computers, weeded out from offices. The +servers and desktops are running for more than two years and they are +working reliable.

-

Here everything on the backbone network is granted access to the -/storage export. With NFSv3 it is slightly better to limit it to -netgroup membership or single IP addresses to have some limits on the -NFS access.

+

We have two servers (one tjener and one terminal server), 45 +workstations in three classrooms and seven laptops as a mobile +solution for all classrooms. These machines are all booting from the +terminal server. In the moment we are installing 30 laptops as mobile +workstations. Then the pupils have the possibility to work with these +machines in their classrooms. Internet access is realized by a WLAN +router, connected to the schools network. This is all done without a +dedicated system administrator or a computer science teacher.

-

The next step is to update LDAP. This can not be done using GOsa², -because it lack a module for automount. Instead, use ldapvi and add -the required LDAP objects using an editor.

+

What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian +Edu?

-

-ldapvi --ldap-conf -ZD '(cn=admin)' -b ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
-

+

Teachers and pupils are Windows users. <Irony on> And Linux +isn't cool. It's software for freaks using the command line. <Irony +off> They don't realize the stability of the system.

-

When the editor show up, add the following LDAP objects at the -bottom of the document. The "/&" part in the last LDAP object is a -wild card matching everything the nas-server exports, removing the -need to list individual mount points in LDAP.

+

Which free software do you use daily?

-

-add cn=nas-server,ou=auto.skole,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
-objectClass: automount
-cn: nas-server
-automountInformation: -fstype=autofs --timeout=60 ldap:ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
-
-add ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
-objectClass: top
-objectClass: automountMap
-ou: auto.nas-server
-
-add cn=/,ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
-objectClass: automount
-cn: /
-automountInformation: -fstype=nfs,tcp,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,rw,intr,hard,nodev,nosuid,noatime nas-server.intern:/&
-

+

Firefox, Thunderbird, LibreOffice, Ubuntu Server 12.04 (Samba, +Apache, MySQL, Joomla!, … and Skolelinux / Debian Edu)

-

The last step to remember is to mount the relevant mount points in -tjener.intern by adding them to /etc/fstab, creating the mount -directories using mkdir and running "mount -a" to mount them.

+

Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to +get schools to use free software?

-

When this is done, your users should be able to access the files on -the storage server directly by just visiting the -/tjener/nas-server/storage/ directory using any application on any -workstation, LTSP client or LTSP server.

+

In Germany we have the situation: every school is free to decide +which software they want to use. This decision is influenced by +teachers who learned to use Windows and MS Office. They buy a PC with +Windows preinstalled and an additional testing version of MS +Office. They don't know about the possibility to use Free Software +instead. Another problem are the publisher of school books. They +develop their software, added to the school books, for Windows.

+
+
+ + + Tags: debian edu, english, intervju. + + +
+
+
+ +
+
98.6 percent done with the Norwegian draft translation of Free Culture
+
23rd July 2014
+

This summer I finally had time to continue working on the Norwegian +docbook version of the 2004 book +Free Culture by Lawrence Lessig, +to get a Norwegian text explaining the problems with todays copyright +law. Yesterday, I finally completed translated the book text. There +are still some foot/end notes left to translate, the colophon page +need to be rewritten, and a few words and phrases still need to be +translated, but the Norwegian text is ready for the first proof +reading. :) More spell checking is needed, and several illustrations +need to be cleaned up. The work stopped up because I had to give +priority to other projects the last year, and the progress graph of +the translation show this very well:

+ +

+ +

If you want to read the result, check out the +github +project pages and the +PDF, +EPUB +and HTML version available in the +archive +directory.

+ +

Please report typos, bugs and improvements to the github project if +you find any.

- Tags: debian edu, english, ldap. + Tags: docbook, english, freeculture.
@@ -988,7 +1165,19 @@ workstation, LTSP client or LTSP server.

  • March (8)
    • -
  • April (3)
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  • April (7)
    • + +
  • May (1)
    • + +
  • June (2)
    • + +
  • July (2)
    • + +
  • August (2)
    • + +
  • September (5)
    • + +
  • October (1)
    • @@ -1169,45 +1358,49 @@ workstation, LTSP client or LTSP server.

  • chrpath (2)
    • -
  • debian (96)
    • +
  • debian (104)
    • -
  • debian edu (146)
    • +
  • debian edu (150)
  • digistan (10)
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  • docbook (10)
    • +
  • dld (15)
    • + +
  • docbook (12)
  • drivstoffpriser (4)
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  • english (243)
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  • english (256)
  • fiksgatami (21)
  • fildeling (12)
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  • freeculture (12)
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  • freeculture (13)
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  • freedombox (7)
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  • freedombox (8)
  • frikanalen (11)
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  • intervju (40)
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  • intervju (41)
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  • isenkram (7)
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  • isenkram (9)
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  • kart (18)
    • +
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  • ldap (9)
    • -
  • lenker (7)
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  • lenker (8)
    • + +
  • lsdvd (2)
  • ltsp (1)
  • mesh network (8)
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  • multimedia (26)
    • +
  • multimedia (31)
    • -
  • norsk (244)
    • +
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  • nuug (162)
    • @@ -1215,9 +1408,9 @@ workstation, LTSP client or LTSP server.

  • open311 (2)
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  • personvern (72)
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  • raid (1)
    • @@ -1225,7 +1418,7 @@ workstation, LTSP client or LTSP server.

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    • @@ -1235,29 +1428,29 @@ workstation, LTSP client or LTSP server.

  • scraperwiki (2)
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  • sikkerhet (41)
  • sitesummary (4)
  • skepsis (4)
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