+ <div class="entry">
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Mimes_br_nn__norsk_utgave_av_Alaveteli___WhatDoTheyKnow__endelig_lansert.html">Mimes brønn, norsk utgave av Alaveteli / WhatDoTheyKnow, endelig lansert</a></div>
+ <div class="date"> 9th July 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>I går fikk vi endelig lansert en norsk version av mySocietys
+<a href="https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/">WhatDoTheyKnow</a>.
+Tjenesten heter Mimes brønn, og ble
+<a href="http://www.nuug.no/news/NUUG_lanserer_innsynstjenesten_Mimes_Br_nn.shtml">annonsert
+av NUUG</a> via blog, epost og twitter til NUUG-assosierte personer.
+Det har tatt noen år, men de siste dagene fikk vi endelig tid til å få
+på plass de siste bitene. Vi er to, Gorm og meg selv, som har vært
+primus motor for det hele, men vi har fått hjelp med oversettelser og
+oppsett fra mange flere. Jeg vil si tusen takk til hver og en av dem,
+og er veldig fornøyd med at vi klarte å få tjenesten opp å kjøre før
+ferietiden slo inn for fullt.</p>
+
+<p>Vi er usikker på hvor mye belastning den virtuelle maskinen der
+tjenesten kjører klarer, så vi har lansert litt i det stille og ikke
+til for mange folk for å se hvordan maskinen klarer seg over sommeren,
+før vi går mer aktivt ut og annonserer til høsten. Ta en titt, og se
+om du kanskje har et spørsmål til det offentlige som er egnet å sende
+inn via Mimes brønn.</p>
+
+<p>Hvis du lurer på hva i alle dager en slik tjenestes kan brukes til,
+anbefaler jeg deg å se
+<a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/video/625321">TED-foredraget til
+Heather Brook</a> om hvordan hun brukte WhatDoTheyKnow til å lære
+hvordan offentlige midler ble misbrukt. Det er en inspirerende
+historie.</p>
+</div>
+ <div class="tags">
+
+
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
+
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="padding"></div>
+
+ <div class="entry">
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_on__Internet_Broadcast_AVC_Video__licensing_and_non_private_use.html">MPEG LA on "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" licensing and non-private use</a></div>
+ <div class="date"> 7th July 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>After asking the Norwegian Broadcasting Company (NRK)
+<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html">why
+they can broadcast and stream H.264 video without an agreement with
+the MPEG LA</a>, I was wiser, but still confused. So I asked MPEG LA
+if their understanding matched that of NRK. As far as I can tell, it
+does not.</p>
+
+<p>I started by asking for more information about the various
+licensing classes and what exactly is covered by the "Internet
+Broadcast AVC Video" class that NRK pointed me at to explain why NRK
+did not need a license for streaming H.264 video:
+
+<p><blockquote>
+
+<p>According to
+<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">a
+MPEG LA press release dated 2010-02-02</a>, there is no charge when
+using MPEG AVC/H.264 according to the terms of "Internet Broadcast AVC
+Video". I am trying to understand exactly what the terms of "Internet
+Broadcast AVC Video" is, and wondered if you could help me. What
+exactly is covered by these terms, and what is not?</p>
+
+<p>The only source of more information I have been able to find is a
+PDF named
+<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">AVC
+Patent Portfolio License Briefing</a>, which states this about the
+fees:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Where End User pays for AVC Video
+ <ul>
+ <li>Subscription (not limited by title) – 100,000 or fewer
+ subscribers/yr = no royalty; > 100,000 to 250,000 subscribers/yr =
+ $25,000; >250,000 to 500,000 subscribers/yr = $50,000; >500,000 to
+ 1M subscribers/yr = $75,000; >1M subscribers/yr = $100,000</li>
+
+ <li>Title-by-Title - 12 minutes or less = no royalty; >12 minutes in
+ length = lower of (a) 2% or (b) $0.02 per title</li>
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>Where remuneration is from other sources
+ <ul>
+ <li>Free Television - (a) one-time $2,500 per transmission encoder or
+ (b) annual fee starting at $2,500 for > 100,000 HH rising to
+ maximum $10,000 for >1,000,000 HH</li>
+
+ <li>Internet Broadcast AVC Video (not title-by-title, not subscription)
+ – no royalty for life of the AVC Patent Portfolio License</li>
+ </ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Am I correct in assuming that the four categories listed is the
+categories used when selecting licensing terms, and that "Internet
+Broadcast AVC Video" is the category for things that do not fall into
+one of the other three categories? Can you point me to a good source
+explaining what is ment by "title-by-title" and "Free Television" in
+the license terms for AVC/H.264?</p>
+
+<p>Will a web service providing H.264 encoded video content in a
+"video on demand" fashing similar to Youtube and Vimeo, where no
+subscription is required and no payment is required from end users to
+get access to the videos, fall under the terms of the "Internet
+Broadcast AVC Video", ie no royalty for life of the AVC Patent
+Portfolio license? Does it matter if some users are subscribed to get
+access to personalized services?</p>
+
+<p>Note, this request and all answers will be published on the
+Internet.</p>
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>The answer came quickly from Benjamin J. Myers, Licensing Associate
+with the MPEG LA:</p>
+
+<p><blockquote>
+<p>Thank you for your message and for your interest in MPEG LA. We
+appreciate hearing from you and I will be happy to assist you.</p>
+
+<p>As you are aware, MPEG LA offers our AVC Patent Portfolio License
+which provides coverage under patents that are essential for use of
+the AVC/H.264 Standard (MPEG-4 Part 10). Specifically, coverage is
+provided for end products and video content that make use of AVC/H.264
+technology. Accordingly, the party offering such end products and
+video to End Users concludes the AVC License and is responsible for
+paying the applicable royalties.</p>
+
+<p>Regarding Internet Broadcast AVC Video, the AVC License generally
+defines such content to be video that is distributed to End Users over
+the Internet free-of-charge. Therefore, if a party offers a service
+which allows users to upload AVC/H.264 video to its website, and such
+AVC Video is delivered to End Users for free, then such video would
+receive coverage under the sublicense for Internet Broadcast AVC
+Video, which is not subject to any royalties for the life of the AVC
+License. This would also apply in the scenario where a user creates a
+free online account in order to receive a customized offering of free
+AVC Video content. In other words, as long as the End User is given
+access to or views AVC Video content at no cost to the End User, then
+no royalties would be payable under our AVC License.</p>
+
+<p>On the other hand, if End Users pay for access to AVC Video for a
+specific period of time (e.g., one month, one year, etc.), then such
+video would constitute Subscription AVC Video. In cases where AVC
+Video is delivered to End Users on a pay-per-view basis, then such
+content would constitute Title-by-Title AVC Video. If a party offers
+Subscription or Title-by-Title AVC Video to End Users, then they would
+be responsible for paying the applicable royalties you noted below.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, in the case where AVC Video is distributed for free
+through an "over-the-air, satellite and/or cable transmission", then
+such content would constitute Free Television AVC Video and would be
+subject to the applicable royalties.</p>
+
+<p>For your reference, I have attached
+<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-07-07-mpegla.pdf">a
+.pdf copy of the AVC License</a>. You will find the relevant
+sublicense information regarding AVC Video in Sections 2.2 through
+2.5, and the corresponding royalties in Section 3.1.2 through 3.1.4.
+You will also find the definitions of Title-by-Title AVC Video,
+Subscription AVC Video, Free Television AVC Video, and Internet
+Broadcast AVC Video in Section 1 of the License. Please note that the
+electronic copy is provided for informational purposes only and cannot
+be used for execution.</p>
+
+<p>I hope the above information is helpful. If you have additional
+questions or need further assistance with the AVC License, please feel
+free to contact me directly.</p>
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>Having a fresh copy of the license text was useful, and knowing
+that the definition of Title-by-Title required payment per title made
+me aware that my earlier understanding of that phrase had been wrong.
+But I still had a few questions:</p>
+
+<p><blockquote>
+<p>I have a small followup question. Would it be possible for me to get
+a license with MPEG LA even if there are no royalties to be paid? The
+reason I ask, is that some video related products have a copyright
+clause limiting their use without a license with MPEG LA. The clauses
+typically look similar to this:
+
+<p><blockquote>
+ This product is licensed under the AVC patent portfolio license for
+ the personal and non-commercial use of a consumer to (a) encode
+ video in compliance with the AVC standard ("AVC video") and/or (b)
+ decode AVC video that was encoded by a consumer engaged in a
+ personal and non-commercial activity and/or AVC video that was
+ obtained from a video provider licensed to provide AVC video. No
+ license is granted or shall be implied for any other use. additional
+ information may be obtained from MPEG LA L.L.C.
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>It is unclear to me if this clause mean that I need to enter into
+an agreement with MPEG LA to use the product in question, even if
+there are no royalties to be paid to MPEG LA. I suspect it will
+differ depending on the jurisdiction, and mine is Norway. What is
+MPEG LAs view on this?</p>
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>According to the answer, MPEG LA believe those using such tools for
+non-personal or commercial use need a license with them:</p>
+
+<p><blockquote>
+
+<p>With regard to the Notice to Customers, I would like to begin by
+clarifying that the Notice from Section 7.1 of the AVC License
+reads:</p>
+
+<p>THIS PRODUCT IS LICENSED UNDER THE AVC PATENT PORTFOLIO LICENSE FOR
+THE PERSONAL USE OF A CONSUMER OR OTHER USES IN WHICH IT DOES NOT
+RECEIVE REMUNERATION TO (i) ENCODE VIDEO IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AVC
+STANDARD ("AVC VIDEO") AND/OR (ii) DECODE AVC VIDEO THAT WAS ENCODED
+BY A CONSUMER ENGAGED IN A PERSONAL ACTIVITY AND/OR WAS OBTAINED FROM
+A VIDEO PROVIDER LICENSED TO PROVIDE AVC VIDEO. NO LICENSE IS GRANTED
+OR SHALL BE IMPLIED FOR ANY OTHER USE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE
+OBTAINED FROM MPEG LA, L.L.C. SEE HTTP://WWW.MPEGLA.COM</p>
+
+<p>The Notice to Customers is intended to inform End Users of the
+personal usage rights (for example, to watch video content) included
+with the product they purchased, and to encourage any party using the
+product for commercial purposes to contact MPEG LA in order to become
+licensed for such use (for example, when they use an AVC Product to
+deliver Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free Television or Internet
+Broadcast AVC Video to End Users, or to re-Sell a third party's AVC
+Product as their own branded AVC Product).</p>
+
+<p>Therefore, if a party is to be licensed for its use of an AVC
+Product to Sell AVC Video on a Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free
+Television or Internet Broadcast basis, that party would need to
+conclude the AVC License, even in the case where no royalties were
+payable under the License. On the other hand, if that party (either a
+Consumer or business customer) simply uses an AVC Product for their
+own internal purposes and not for the commercial purposes referenced
+above, then such use would be included in the royalty paid for the AVC
+Products by the licensed supplier.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, I note that our AVC License provides worldwide coverage in
+countries that have AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, including
+Norway.</p>
+
+<p>I hope this clarification is helpful. If I may be of any further
+assistance, just let me know.</p>
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>The mentioning of Norwegian patents made me a bit confused, so I
+asked for more information:</p>
+
+<p><blockquote>
+
+<p>But one minor question at the end. If I understand you correctly,
+you state in the quote above that there are patents in the AVC Patent
+Portfolio that are valid in Norway. This make me believe I read the
+list available from <URL:
+<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx">http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx</a>
+> incorrectly, as I believed the "NO" prefix in front of patents
+were Norwegian patents, and the only one I could find under Mitsubishi
+Electric Corporation expired in 2012. Which patents are you referring
+to that are relevant for Norway?</p>
+
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>Again, the quick answer explained how to read the list of patents
+in that list:</p>
+
+<p><blockquote>
+
+<p>Your understanding is correct that the last AVC Patent Portfolio
+Patent in Norway expired on 21 October 2012. Therefore, where AVC
+Video is both made and Sold in Norway after that date, then no
+royalties would be payable for such AVC Video under the AVC License.
+With that said, our AVC License provides historic coverage for AVC
+Products and AVC Video that may have been manufactured or Sold before
+the last Norwegian AVC patent expired. I would also like to clarify
+that coverage is provided for the country of manufacture and the
+country of Sale that has active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents.</p>
+
+<p>Therefore, if a party offers AVC Products or AVC Video for Sale in
+a country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents (for example,
+Sweden, Denmark, Finland, etc.), then that party would still need
+coverage under the AVC License even if such products or video are
+initially made in a country without active AVC Patent Portfolio
+Patents (for example, Norway). Similarly, a party would need to
+conclude the AVC License if they make AVC Products or AVC Video in a
+country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, but eventually Sell
+such AVC Products or AVC Video in a country without active AVC Patent
+Portfolio Patents.</p>
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>As far as I understand it, MPEG LA believe anyone using Adobe
+Premiere and other video related software with a H.264 distribution
+license need a license agreement with MPEG LA to use such tools for
+anything non-private or commercial, while it is OK to set up a
+Youtube-like service as long as no-one pays to get access to the
+content. I still have no clear idea how this applies to Norway, where
+none of the patents MPEG LA is licensing are valid. Will the
+copyright terms take precedence or can those terms be ignored because
+the patents are not valid in Norway?</p>
+</div>
+ <div class="tags">
+
+
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web</a>.
+
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="padding"></div>
+
+ <div class="entry">
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_laptop___some_more_clues_and_ideas_based_on_feedback.html">New laptop - some more clues and ideas based on feedback</a></div>
+ <div class="date"> 5th July 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>Several people contacted me after my previous blog post about my
+need for a new laptop, and provided very useful feedback. I wish to
+thank every one of these. Several pointed me to the possibility of
+fixing my X230, and I am already in the process of getting Lenovo to
+do so thanks to the on site, next day support contract covering the
+machine. But the battery is almost useless (I expect to replace it
+with a non-official battery) and I do not expect the machine to live
+for many more years, so it is time to plan its replacement. If I did
+not have a support contract, it was suggested to find replacement parts
+using <a href="http://www.francecrans.com/">FrancEcrans</a>, but it
+might present a language barrier as I do not understand French.</p>
+
+<p>One tip I got was to use the
+<a href="https://skinflint.co.uk/?cat=nb">Skinflint</a> web service to
+compare laptop models. It seem to have more models available than
+prisjakt.no. Another tip I got from someone I know have similar
+keyboard preferences was that the HP EliteBook 840 keyboard is not
+very good, and this matches my experience with earlier EliteBook
+keyboards I tested. Because of this, I will not consider it any further.
+
+<p>When I wrote my blog post, I was not aware of Thinkpad X250, the
+newest Thinkpad X model. The keyboard reintroduces mouse buttons
+(which is missing from the X240), and is working fairly well with
+Debian Sid/Unstable according to
+<a href="http://www.corsac.net/X250/">Corsac.net</a>. The reports I
+got on the keyboard quality are not consistent. Some say the keyboard
+is good, others say it is ok, while others say it is not very good.
+Those with experience from X41 and and X60 agree that the X250
+keyboard is not as good as those trusty old laptops, and suggest I
+keep and fix my X230 instead of upgrading, or get a used X230 to
+replace it. I'm also told that the X250 lack leds for caps lock, disk
+activity and battery status, which is very convenient on my X230. I'm
+also told that the CPU fan is running very often, making it a bit
+noisy. In any case, the X250 do not work out of the box with Debian
+Stable/Jessie, one of my requirements.</p>
+
+<p>I have also gotten a few vendor proposals, one was
+<a href="http://pro-star.com">Pro-Star</a>, another was
+<a href="http://shop.gluglug.org.uk/product/libreboot-x200/">Libreboot</a>.
+The latter look very attractive to me.</p>
+
+<p>Again, thank you all for the very useful feedback. It help a lot
+as I keep looking for a replacement.</p>
+
+<p>Update 2015-07-06: I was recommended to check out the
+<a href="">lapstore.de</a> web shop for used laptops. They got several
+different
+<a href="http://www.lapstore.de/f.php/shop/lapstore/f/411/lang/x/kw/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X_Serie/">old
+thinkpad X models</a>, and provide one year warranty.</p>
+</div>
+ <div class="tags">
+
+
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
+
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="padding"></div>
+
+ <div class="entry">
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Time_to_find_a_new_laptop__as_the_old_one_is_broken_after_only_two_years.html">Time to find a new laptop, as the old one is broken after only two years</a></div>
+ <div class="date"> 3rd July 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>My primary work horse laptop is failing, and will need a
+replacement soon. The left 5 cm of the screen on my Thinkpad X230
+started flickering yesterday, and I suspect the cause is a broken
+cable, as changing the angle of the screen some times get rid of the
+flickering.</p>
+
+<p>My requirements have not really changed since I bought it, and is
+still as
+<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">I
+described them in 2013</a>. The last time I bought a laptop, I had
+good help from
+<a href="http://www.prisjakt.no/category.php?k=353">prisjakt.no</a>
+where I could select at least a few of the requirements (mouse pin,
+wifi, weight) and go through the rest manually. Three button mouse
+and a good keyboard is not available as an option, and all the three
+laptop models proposed today (Thinkpad X240, HP EliteBook 820 G1 and
+G2) lack three mouse buttons). It is also unclear to me how good the
+keyboard on the HP EliteBooks are. I hope Lenovo have not messed up
+the keyboard, even if the quality and robustness in the X series have
+deteriorated since X41.</p>
+
+<p>I wonder how I can find a sensible laptop when none of the options
+seem sensible to me? Are there better services around to search the
+set of available laptops for features? Please send me an email if you
+have suggestions.</p>
+</div>
+ <div class="tags">
+
+
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
+
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="padding"></div>
+
+ <div class="entry">
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MakerCon_Nordic_videos_now_available_on_Frikanalen.html">MakerCon Nordic videos now available on Frikanalen</a></div>
+ <div class="date"> 2nd July 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>Last oktober I was involved on behalf of
+<a href="http://www.nuug.no/">NUUG</a> with recording the talks at
+<a href="http://www.makercon.no/">MakerCon Nordic</a>, a conference for
+the Maker movement. Since then it has been the plan to publish the
+recordings on <a href="http://www.frikanalen.no/">Frikanalen</a>, which
+finally happened the last few days. A few talks are missing because
+the speakers asked the organizers to not publish them, but most of the
+talks are available. The talks are being broadcasted on RiksTV
+channel 50 and using multicast on Uninett, as well as being available
+from the Frikanalen web site. The unedited recordings are
+<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MakerConNordic/">available on
+Youtube too</a>.</p>
+
+<p>This is the list of talks available at the moment. Visit the
+<a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/video/?q=makercon">Frikanalen video
+pages</a> to view them.</p>
+
+<ul>
+
+ <li>Evolutionary algorithms as a design tool - from art
+ to robotics (Kyrre Glette)</li>
+
+ <li>Make and break (Hans Gerhard Meier)</li>
+
+ <li>Making a one year school course for young makers
+ (Olav Helland)</li>
+
+ <li>Innovation Inspiration - IPR Databases as a Source of
+ Inspiration (Hege Langlo)</li>
+
+ <li>Making a toy for makers (Erik Torstensson)</li>
+
+ <li>How to make 3D printer electronics (Elias Bakken)</li>
+
+ <li>Hovering Clouds: Looking at online tool offerings for Product
+ Design and 3D Printing (William Kempton)</li>
+
+ <li>Travelling maker stories (Øyvind Nydal Dahl)</li>
+
+ <li>Making the first Maker Faire in Sweden (Nils Olander)</li>
+
+ <li>Breaking the mold: Printing 1000’s of parts (Espen Sivertsen)</li>
+
+ <li>Ultimaker — and open source 3D printing (Erik de Bruijn)</li>
+
+ <li>Autodesk’s 3D Printing Platform: Sparking innovation (Hilde
+ Sevens)</li>
+
+ <li>How Making is Changing the World – and How You Can Too!
+ (Jennifer Turliuk)</li>
+
+ <li>Open-Source Adventuring: OpenROV, OpenExplorer and the Future of
+ Connected Exploration (David Lang)</li>
+
+ <li>Making in Norway (Haakon Karlsen Jr., Graham Hayward and Jens
+ Dyvik)</li>
+
+ <li>The Impact of the Maker Movement (Mike Senese)</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>Part of the reason this took so long was that the scripts NUUG had
+to prepare a recording for publication were five years old and no
+longer worked with the current video processing tools (command line
+argument changes). In addition, we needed better audio normalization,
+which sent me on a detour to
+<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html">package
+bs1770gain for Debian</a>. Now this is in place and it became a lot
+easier to publish NUUG videos on Frikanalen.</p>
+</div>
+ <div class="tags">
+
+
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
+
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="padding"></div>
+
+ <div class="entry">
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hvem_f_rer_Medietilsynet_tilsyn_med_.html">Hvem fører Medietilsynet tilsyn med?</a></div>
+ <div class="date">28th June 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>I en global verden med eierskap på tvers, trengs det informasjon om
+hvem som har kontrollen i selskaper og bedrifter. Og for å få tilgang
+til slik informasjon for alle som ønsker å analysere eierskap, holder
+med ikke med nasjonale databaser over eierskap, det må globale
+samledatabaser med åpne data til. Heldigvis finnes det en
+internasjonal bevegelse for å gjøre selskapsinformasjon for alle land
+offentlig tilgjengelig. En slik database heter
+<a href="http://opencorporates.com">OpenCorporates</a>, der
+informasjonen er gratis tilgjengelig med en "del på samme
+vilkår"-lisens. De samler inn selskapsinformasjon, eierskap,
+konsesjonstildelinger og lignende. De manglet ganske mye for Norge,
+da bruksvilkårene til Norsk offentlig informasjon i stor grad
+blokkerer OpenCorporates fra å samle den inn.</p>
+
+<p>Men jeg er jo involvert i
+<a href="http://www.frikanalen.no/">Frikanalen</a>, som har
+TV-konsesjon, og tenkte det kunne være fint om informasjon om alle
+mediakonsesjoner var tilgjengelig i OpenCorporates, så jeg sendte
+avgårde følgende spørsmål til Medietilsynet 2015-06-22:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>Hei. Finnes det en oversikt over enhetene som Mediatilsynet fører
+tilsyn med som åpne data? Jeg lette etter den på
+<URL:<a href="http://data.norge.no/">http://data.norge.no/</a>> og
+<URL:<a href="http://hotell.difi.no/">http://hotell.difi.no/</a>> uten å
+finne noe der, og fant heller ikke noe under
+<URL:<a href="http://www.medietilsynet.no/">http://www.medietilsynet.no/</a>>.</p>
+
+<p>Jeg tenker på alle som har fått kringkastingskonsesjon og alle som
+er omtalt under
+<URL:<a href="http://www.medietilsynet.no/mediebildet/">http://www.medietilsynet.no/mediebildet/</a>>.</p>
+
+<p>Jeg skulle gjerne hatt dette maskinlesbart, og inkludert
+organisasjonsnummer og hva slags forhold mediatilsynet har til
+organisasjonene. Tanken er å importere det i
+<URL:<a href="https://opencorporates.com/">https://opencorporates.com/</a>> for analyse, så det bør ikke ha
+bruksbegresninger som gjør dette umulig.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>To dager senere fikk jeg svar, med de datasettene de hadde
+tilgjengelig. Svaret fra Hanne Sekkelsten hos Medietilsynet var
+informativt og imøtekommende.</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>Vi viser til din e-post av 22. juni, der du ber om å få tilsendt oversikter
+over aktører Medietilsynet fører tilsyn med.</p>
+
+<p>Medietilsynet fører tilsyn med kringkastere og audiovisuelle
+bestillingstjenester som omfattes av kringkastingsloven, og med
+eierskap i aviser, fjernsyn radio og elektroniske medier etter
+medieeierskapsloven. I tillegg vil Medietilsynet etter at
+beskyttelsesloven trer i kraft fra 1. juli ha tilsyn med en rekke nye
+aktører. Nærmere informasjon om den nye loven finnes på Medietilsynets
+nettsted, her:
+<a href="http://www.medietilsynet.no/mediebransjen/bildeprogramloven/">http://www.medietilsynet.no/mediebransjen/bildeprogramloven/</a>
+. Vi har ikke utarbeidet oversikter over alle aktørene, men vi sender
+deg her de listene vi har utarbeidet, hentet fra våre databaser. Vi
+har dessverre ikke ferdige rapporter som inneholder
+organisasjonsnummer. Dersom du ønsker flere opplysninger ber vi om at
+du tar kontakt med oss slik at vi kan finne ut av hvilke opplysninger
+du trenger, og hvilke vi kan fremskaffe.</p>
+
+<p>Vedlagt følger:
+
+<ul>
+
+ <li>Konsesjoner - lokalradio FM pr. 31.12.2014 [<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Konsesjoner_lokalradio_fm_felles_31.12.2014.pdf">PDF (original)</a>]</li>
+
+ <li>Konsesjoner - lokalfjernsyn i det digitale bakkenettet for fjernsyn, pr. mars 2015 [<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Lokalfjernsyn_DTT_konsesjoner_mars_2015.docx">DOCX (original)</a>,
+<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Lokalfjernsyn_DTT_konsesjoner_mars_2015.pdf">PDF</a>]</li>
+
+ <li>Konsesjoner - DAB-radio, status mars 2015 [<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Konsesjonaernummer_DAB.xps">XPS (original)</a>,
+<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Konsesjonaernummer_DAB.pdf">PDF</a>]</li>
+
+ <li>Registreringspliktige kringkastere - status mars 2015: [<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Registreringspliktige_kringkastere_register_-_aktive.xps">XPS (original)</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Registreringspliktige_kringkastere_register_-_aktive.pdf">PDF</a>]
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>Kabelsendt fjernsyn
+ <li>Satellittsendt fjernsyn
+ <li>Nett-tv
+ <li>Kabelsendt radio
+ <li>Satellittsendt radio
+ <li>Nett-radio
+ </ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Vi må ta forbehold om at det kan være enkelte feil i oversiktene
+siden disse ikke er oppdaterte pr. dags dato. Vi vil foreta nye
+oppdateringer i august.</p>
+
+<p>Med hilsen</p>
+
+<p>Hanne Nistad Sekkelsten
+<br>Seniorrådgiver | Senior Legal Adviser
+<br>Medietilsynet | Norwegian Media Authority
+<br>A: Nygata 4, NO-1607 Fredrikstad
+<br>T: [telefonnummer fjernet]
+<br>E: [adresse fjernet] | W: www.medietilsynet.no
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Desverre er formatene for ustrukturerte til maskinell behandling og
+mangler endel informasjon, men det er gode oversikter over hvem
+Medietilsynet fører tilsyn med. Filene er på formatene PDF, XPS
+(XML-basert PDF-lignende format fra Microsoft) og DOCX, så det vil
+være en stor jobb å strukturere informasjonen på en måte som kan
+importeres i OpenCorporates. Svaret er ikke i tråd med
+<a href="http://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2013-04-05-959">Forskrift
+om IT-standarder i offentlig forvaltning</a> som sier epostvedlegg
+skal sendes som PDF, så jeg har gjorde PDF-utgaver av XPS og
+DOCX-utgavene tilgjengelig for å gjøre det enklere for alle å se
+innholdet.</p>
+</div>
+ <div class="tags">
+
+
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
+
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="padding"></div>
+
+ <div class="entry">
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Graphing_the_Norwegian_company_ownership_structure.html">Graphing the Norwegian company ownership structure</a></div>
+ <div class="date">15th June 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>It is a bit work to figure out the ownership structure of companies
+in Norway. The information is publicly available, but one need to
+recursively look up ownership for all owners to figure out the complete
+ownership graph of a given set of companies. To save me the work in
+the future, I wrote a script to do this automatically, outputting the
+ownership structure using the Graphviz/dotty format. The data source
+is web scraping from <a href="http://www.proff.no/">Proff</a>, because
+I failed to find a useful source directly from the official keepers of
+the ownership data, <a href="http://www.brreg.no/">Brønnøysundsregistrene</a>.</p>
+
+<p>To get an ownership graph for a set of companies, fetch
+<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/brreg-norway-ownership-graph">the code from git</a> and run it using the organisation number. I'm
+using the Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet as an example here, as its
+ownership structure is very simple:</p>
+
+<pre>
+% time ./bin/eierskap-dotty 958033540 > dagbladet.dot
+
+real 0m2.841s
+user 0m0.184s
+sys 0m0.036s
+%
+</pre>
+
+<p>The script accept several organisation numbers on the command line,
+allowing a cluster of companies to be graphed in the same image. The
+resulting dot file for the example above look like this. The edges
+are labeled with the ownership percentage, and the nodes uses the
+organisation number as their name and the name as the label:</p>
+
+<pre>
+digraph ownership {
+rankdir = LR;
+"Aller Holding A/s" -> "910119877" [label="100%"]
+"910119877" -> "998689015" [label="100%"]
+"998689015" -> "958033540" [label="99%"]
+"974530600" -> "958033540" [label="1%"]
+"958033540" [label="AS DAGBLADET"]
+"998689015" [label="Berner Media Holding AS"]
+"974530600" [label="Dagbladets Stiftelse"]
+"910119877" [label="Aller Media AS"]
+}
+</pre>
+
+<p>To view the ownership graph, run "<tt>dotty dagbladet.dot</tt>" or
+convert it to a PNG using "<tt>dot -T png dagbladet.dot >
+dagbladet.png</tt>". The result can be seen below:</p>
+
+<img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-15-ownership-graphs-norway-dagbladet.png" width="80%">
+
+<p>Note that I suspect the "Aller Holding A/S" entry to be incorrect
+data in the official ownership register, as that name is not
+registered in the official company register for Norway. The ownership
+register is sensitive to typos and there seem to be no strict checking
+of the ownership links.</p>
+
+<p>Let me know if you improve the script or find better data sources.
+The code is licensed according to GPL 2 or newer.</p>
+
+<p>Update 2015-06-15: Since the initial post I've been told that
+"<a href="http://www.proff.dk/firma/carl-allers-etablissement-aktieselskab/københavn-v/hovedkontorer/13624518-3/">Aller
+Holding A/S</a>" is a Danish company, which explain why it did not
+have a Norwegian organisation number. I've also been told that there
+is a <a href="http://www.brreg.no/automatiske/webservices/">web
+services API available</a> from Brønnøysundsregistrene, for those
+willing to accept the terms or pay the price.</p>
+</div>
+ <div class="tags">
+
+
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
+
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="padding"></div>
+
+ <div class="entry">
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html">Measuring and adjusting the loudness of a TV channel using bs1770gain</a></div>
+ <div class="date">11th June 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>Television loudness is the source of frustration for viewers
+everywhere. Some channels are very load, others are less loud, and
+ads tend to shout very high to get the attention of the viewers, and
+the viewers do not like this. This fact is well known to the TV
+channels. See for example the BBC white paper
+"<a href="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp/whp-pdf-files/WHP202.pdf">Terminology
+for loudness and level dBTP, LU, and all that</a>" from 2011 for a
+summary of the problem domain. To better address the need for even
+loadness, the TV channels got together several years ago to agree on a
+new way to measure loudness in digital files as one step in
+standardizing loudness. From this came the ITU-R standard BS.1770,
+"<a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BS.1770/en">Algorithms to
+measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level</a>".</p>
+
+<p>The ITU-R BS.1770 specification describe an algorithm to measure
+loadness in LUFS (Loudness Units, referenced to Full Scale). But
+having a way to measure is not enough. To get the same loudness
+across TV channels, one also need to decide which value to standardize
+on. For European TV channels, this was done in the EBU Recommondaton
+R128, "<a href="https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/r/r128.pdf">Loudness
+normalisation and permitted maximum level of audio signals</a>", which
+specifies a recommended level of -23 LUFS. In Norway, I have been
+told that NRK, TV2, MTG and SBS have decided among themselves to
+follow the R128 recommondation for playout from 2016-03-01.</p>
+
+<p>There are free software available to measure and adjust the loudness
+level using the LUFS. In Debian, I am aware of a library named
+<a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/libebur128">libebur128</a>
+able to measure the loudness and since yesterday morning a new binary
+named <a href="http://bs1770gain.sourceforge.net">bs1770gain</a>
+capable of both measuring and adjusting was uploaded and is waiting
+for NEW processing. I plan to maintain the latter in Debian under the
+<a href="https://qa.debian.org/developer.php?email=pkg-multimedia-maintainers%40lists.alioth.debian.org">Debian
+multimedia</a> umbrella.</p>
+
+<p>The free software based TV channel I am involved in,
+<a href="http://www.frikanalen.no/">Frikanalen</a>, plan to follow the
+R128 recommondation ourself as soon as we can adjust the software to
+do so, and the bs1770gain tool seem like a good fit for that part of
+the puzzle to measure loudness on new video uploaded to Frikanalen.
+Personally, I plan to use bs1770gain to adjust the loudness of videos
+I upload to Frikanalen on behalf of <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">the
+NUUG member organisation</a>. The program seem to be able to measure
+the LUFS value of any media file handled by ffmpeg, but I've only
+successfully adjusted the LUFS value of WAV files. I suspect it
+should be able to adjust it for all the formats handled by ffmpeg.</p>
+</div>
+ <div class="tags">
+
+
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
+
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="padding"></div>
+
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