<div class="entry">
- <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html">Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale med MPEG LA?</a></div>
- <div class="date">10th June 2015</div>
- <div class="body"><p>Helt siden jeg i 2012 fikk beskjed fra MPEG LA om at
-<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_mener_NRK_m__ha_avtale_med_dem_for___kringkaste_og_publisere_H_264_video.html">NRK
-trengte patentavtale med dem</a> hvis de distribuerte H.264-video til
-sluttbrukere, har jeg lurt på hva som gjør at NRK ikke har slik
-avtale. For noen dager siden fikk jeg endelig gjort noe med min
-undring, og sendte 2015-05-28 følgende epost til info (at) nrk.no med
-tittel "Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale
-med MPEG LA?":</p>
-
-<p><blockquote>
-<p>Jeg lurer på en ting rundt NRKs bruk av H.264-video på sine
-websider samt distribusjon via RiksTV og kabel-TV. Har NRK vurdert om
-det er behov for en patentavtale med
-<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/">MPEG LA</a> slik det står i
-programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe
-Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X?</p>
-
-<p>Hvis dere har vurdert dette, hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering?</p>
-
-<p>Hvis dere ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
-for patentavtale?</p>
-
-<p>I følge en artikkel på
-<a href="https://nrkbeta.no/2012/02/01/siste-kutt-for-final-cut/">NRK
-Beta i 2012</a> har NRK brukt eller testet både Apple Final Cut
-Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X til bruk
-for å redigere video før sending. Alle disse har bruksvilkår
-understøttet av opphavsretten som sier at de kun kan brukes til å lage
-filmer til personlig og ikke-kommersiell bruk - med mindre en har en
-lisensavtale med MPEG LA om bruk av patenter utstedt i USA for H.264.
-Se f.eks. <a href="http://www.avid.com/static/resources/common/documents/corporate/LICENSE.pdf">bruksvilkårene for Avid</a>, <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20000101-264.html">Adobe Premiere</a> og <a href="http://images.apple.com/legal/sla/docs/finalcutstudio2.pdf">Apple Final
-Cut Studio</a> og søk etter "MPEG LA".</p>
-
-<p>Dette får meg til å lure på om det er brudd på opphavsretten å bruke
-disse verktøyene i strid med bruksvilkårene uten patentavtale med MPEG
-LA. Men NRK bruker jo tilsynelatende disse verktøyene uten patentavtale
-med MPEG LA.</p>
-
-<p>I følge forfatteren av Open Broadcast Encoder finnes det to typer
-H.264-relaterte avtaler en kan få med MPEG LA. Det er én for å lage
-programvare og utstyr som produserer H.264-video, og en annen for å
-kringkaste video som bruker H.264. Dette forteller meg at selv om
-produsentene av utstyr og programvare som NRK bruker har en slik avtale
-med MPEG LA, så trenges det en egen avtale for å kringkaste video på det
-formatet.</p>
-
-<p>I følge Ryan Rodriguez hos MPEG LA, da jeg spurte ham på epost i
-juni 2012, har NRK ikke en slik avtale med MPEG LA. Han sa videre at
-NRK trenger en slik avtale hvis NRK tilbyr H.264-kodet video til
-sluttbrukere. Jeg sjekket listen med
-<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/Licensees.aspx">organisasjoner
-med avtale med MPEG LA</a> og NRK står fortsatt ikke der.</p>
-
-<p>Jeg lurer dermed på hva som gjør at NRK kan bruke de overnevnte
-videoredigeringsverktøyene, som tilsynelatende har krav om avtale med
-MPEG LA for å kunne brukes slik NRK bruker dem, til å lage videofiler
-for distribusjon uten å ha en avtale med MPEG LA om distribusjon av
-H.264-video? Dette er spesielt interessant å vite for oss andre som
-også vurderer å spre H.264-video etter å ha redigert dem med disse mye
-brukte videoredigeringsverktøyene.</p>
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>Samme dag fikk jeg automatisk svar om at min henvendelse hadde fått
-saksid 1294699. Jeg fikk deretter følgende respons fra NRK
-2015-06-09:</p>
-
-<p><blockquote>
-<p>Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som kunne
-svare på dette.</p>
-
-<p>For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks
-NRKs nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike
-tjenester uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd
-noen patentavtale.</p>
-
-<p><a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</a></p>
-
-<p>Med vennlig hilsen
-<br>Gunn Helen Berg
-<br>Informasjonskonsulent, Publikumsservice</p>
-
-<p>NRK
-<br>Strategidivisjonen
-<Br>Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
-<br>Post: NRK Publikumsservice, 8608 Mo i Rana
-<br>nrk.no / info (at) nrk.no</p>
-</blockquote></p>
-
-Da dette ikke helt var svar på det jeg lurte på, sendte jeg samme dag
-oppfølgerepost tilbake:
-
-<p><blockquote>
-<p>[Gunn Helen Berg]
-<br>> Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som
-<br>> kunne svare på dette.</p>
-
-<p>Takk for svar. Men det besvarte ikke helt det jeg spurte om.</p>
-
-<p>> For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks NRKs
-<br>> nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike tjenester
-<br>> uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd noen
-<br>> patentavtale.
-<br>>
-<br>> http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</p>
-
-<p>Spørsmålet er ikke kun om MPEG LA krever patentavtale eller ikke
-(hvilket ikke helt besvares av pressemeldingen omtalt over, gitt at
-pressemeldingen kom i 2010, to år før MPEG LA ansvarlige for
-internasjonal lisensiering egen Ryan Rodriguez fortalte meg på epost
-at NRK trenger en lisens.</p>
-
-<p>Det er uklart fra pressemeldingen hva "Internet Broadcast AVC
-Video" konkret betyr, men i følge en
-<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">presentasjon
-fra MPEG LA med tema "AVC PAtent Portfoli License Briefing" datert
-2015-05-15</a> gjelder "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" kun kringkasting
-på Internet som ikke tilbyr valg av enkeltinnslag ("not
-title-by-title"), hvilket jo NRK gjør på sine nettsider. I tillegg
-kringkaster jo NRK H.264-video også utenom Internet (RiksTV, kabel,
-satelitt), hvilket helt klart ikke er dekket av vilkårene omtalt i
-pressemeldingen.</p>
-
-<p>Spørsmålet mitt er hvordan NRK kan bruke verktøy med bruksvilkår
-som krever avtale med MPEG LA for det NRK bruker dem til, når NRK ikke
-har avtale med MPEG LA. Hvis jeg forsto spørsmålet riktig, så mener
-NRK at dere ikke trenger avtale med MPEG LA, men uten slik avtale kan
-dere vel ikke bruke hverken Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere
-Pro, Avid eller Apples Final Cut Pro X for å redigere video før
-sending?</p>
-
-<p>Mine konkrete spørsmål var altså:</p>
-
-<ul>
-
-<li>Hvis NRK har vurdert om det er behov for en patentavtale med MPEG LA
- slik det er krav om i programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple
- Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X,
- hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering? Kan jeg få kopi av vurderingen
- hvis den er gjort skriftlig?</li>
-
-<li>Hvis NRK ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
- for patentavtale?</li>
-
-<li>Hva slags saksnummer fikk min henvendelse i NRKs offentlige
- postjournal? Jeg ser at postjournalen ikke er publisert for den
- aktuelle perioden ennå, så jeg fikk ikke sjekket selv.</li>
-
-</ul>
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>Det hjelper å ha funnet rette vedkommende i NRK, for denne gangen
-fikk jeg svar tilbake dagen etter (2015-06-10), fra Geir Børdalen i
-NRK:</p>
-
-<p><blockquote>
-<p>Hei Petter Reinholdtsen</p>
-
-<p>Jeg har sjekket saken med distribusjonssjef for tv, Arild Hellgren
-(som var teknologidirektør da bakkenettet ble satt opp). NRK v/
-Hellgren hadde møte med MPEG LA sammen med den europeiske
-kringkastingsunionen EBU før bakkenettet for TV ble satt opp
-(igangsatt høsten 2007). I dette møtet ble det avklart at NRK/EBU ikke
-trengte noen patentavtale for h.264 i forbindelse med oppsett av
-bakkenettet eller bruk av MPEG4 h.264 som kompresjonsalgoritme fordi
-tjenesten «in full»(nor: helt) var betalt av utsendelseselskapene og
-ikke av forbrukerne.</p>
-
-<p><a href="http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555">http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555</a></p>
-
-<p>Det er også klart slått fast at selskaper som leverer video basert
-på MPEG4 h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett, heller ikke påkrevd noen
-patentavtale – så lenge de leverer slike tjenester uten betaling fra
-sluttbrukere.</p>
-
-<a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</a>
-
-<p>“MPEG LA announced today that its AVC Patent Portfolio License will
-continue not to charge royalties for Internet Video that is free to
-end users (known as “Internet Broadcast AVC Video”) during the entire
-life of this License. MPEG LA previously announced it would not charge
-royalties for such video through December 31, 2015 (see
-<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf</a>),
-and today’s announcement makes clear that royalties will continue not
-to be charged for such video beyond that time. Products and services
-other than Internet Broadcast AVC Video continue to be
-royalty-bearing.”</p>
-
-<p>Vi har derfor ikke noe behov for å vurdere noen patentavtale med
-MPEG LA.</p>
-
-<p>Understreker for øvrig at NRK ikke er låst til MPEG4 – h.264 som
-utsendelsesformat – og at vi har brukt og bruker flere andre
-alternativer i våre tjenester. Ulike «devicer» har ofte behov for
-forskjellige løsninger – og NRK har forsøkt å levere med best mulig
-kvalitet /økonomi /stabilitet avhengig av
-plattform. Produksjonsformater i NRK spenner for øvrig over en rekke
-forskjellige formater – hvor MPEG4 bare er en av disse. Når NRK kjøper
-teknisk utstyr er betaling for kodekstøtte ofte en del av
-anskaffelsesprisen for denne maskinvaren (enten dette er spesialiserte
-enkodere eller forskjellige typer produksjonsutstyr).</p>
-
-<p>Vennlig hilsen
-<br>Geir Børdalen</p>
-
-<p>________________________________________
-<br>Geir Børdalen
-<br>Investeringsansvarlig NRK / Hovedprosjektleder - Origo
-<br>Avdeling for utvikling, innovasjon, investering og eiendom
-<br>NRK medietjenester
-<br>Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
-<br>Post: NRK, AUTV (RBM5), Pb. 8500 Majorstuen, 0340 Oslo
-<br>nrk.no
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>Et godt og grundig svar, som var informativt om hvordan NRK tenker
-rundt patentavtale med MPEG LA, men heller ikke helt besvarte det jeg
-lurte på, så jeg sendte epostoppfølging samme dag.</p>
-
-<p><blockquote>
-<p>[Geir Børdalen]
-<br>> Hei Petter Reinholdtsen</p>
-
-<p>Hei, og takk for raskt svar. Er min henvendelse journalført slik
-at den dukker opp i NRKs postjournal?</p>
-
-<p>Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du skriver
-at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via bakkenettet
-gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge. Hvilke saksnummer fikk dokumenter
-som ble opprettet i forbindelse med det omtalte møtet NRK v/Hellgren
-og EBU hadde med MPEG LA (dvs. referater, avtaler, etc),
-f.eks. dokumentet der formuleringen "in full" som du omtaler
-finnes?<p>
-
-<p>Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår. Det ene er
-hvorfor NRKs forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" dekker
-ser ut til å avvike fra det som presenteres i
-<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">lysark
-fra MPEG LA</a> i mai, der MPEG LA på lysark med overskriften
-"AVC/H.264 License Terms Participation Fees" og undertittel "Where
-remuneration is from other sources" skriver "Internet Broadcast AVC
-Video (not title-by-title, not subscription) – no royalty for life of
-the AVC Patent Portfolio License".</p>
-
-<p>Her leser jeg MPEG LA dithen at det kun er kringkasting uten
-abonnement via Internet som er dekket at vilkårne omtalt i
-pressemeldingen, mens jeg forstår deg dithen at NRK mener NRKs
-nettsider som også har enkeltfilmer og innslag (som jeg forstår dekket
-av formuleringen "title-by-title") dekkes av "Internet Broadcast AVC
-Video" fra MPEG LA. Hva baserer dere denne tolkningen på? Jeg har
-ikke sett noe skriftlig fra MPEG LA som støtter NRKs tolkning, og
-lurer på om dere har andre kilder enn den pressemeldingen fra 5 år
-tilbake, der NRKS forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video"
-dekker er beskrevet?</p>
-
-<p>Det andre er at eposten din ikke nevnte spørsmålet mitt om
-bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene som NRK bruker. Disse
-har som tidligere nevnt krav om at de kun skal brukes til private og
-ikke-kommersielle formål med mindre en har avtale med MPEG LA, og uten
-avtale med MPEG LA kan det jo virke som om NRK bruker verktøyene i
-strid med bruksvilkårene. Hva gjør at disse bruksvilkårene ikke
-gjelder for NRK?</p>
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>Noen minutter senere får jeg foreløpig siste svar i
-føljetongen:</p>
-
-<p><blockquote>
-<p>Hei igjen</p>
-
-<p>Vårt dokumentarkiv har fått en kopi (journalføringsnr kan jeg
-dessverre ikke gi deg).<p>
-
-<p>> Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du
-<br>> skriver at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via
-<br>> bakkenettet gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.</p>
-
-<p>Svar: Kan ikke svare for andre enn for NRK/EBU - og for bakkenettet
-i Norge er det kun NRK som er et lisensbasert selskap. Kan ikke gi noe
-svar på saksnr på dokumenter eller ytterligere informasjon da jeg selv
-ikke var del i dette.</p>
-
-<p>> Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår. ...</p>
-
-<p>Svar: Kan ikke gå ytterligere inn i dette fra min side og mitt
-fagfelt som er produksjon/publisering og systemstrukturene bak
-disse. For øvrig ligger det etter vår formening ingen begrensninger
-for NRK i mulighetene til publisering mht til kodek i
-produksjonssystemer. Som tidligere skrevet mener vi at NRK ikke
-trenger noen avtale med MPEG LA og støtter oss til det vi allerede har
-kommunisert i forrige epost.</p>
-
-<p>Mvh
-<br>Geir Børdalen</p>
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>Det syntes vanskelig å komme videre når NRK ikke ønsker å gå inn i
-problemstillingen rundt bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene
-NRK bruker, så jeg sendte takk for svarene og avsluttet utvekslingen
-så langt:</p>
-
-<p><blockquote>
-<p>Tusen takk for rask respons, og oppklarende forklaring om hvordan
-NRK tenker rundt MPEG LA.</p>
-
-<p>Jeg vil høre med NRK-arkivet for å se om de kan spore opp de
-omtalte dokumentene. Jeg setter pris på om du kan dele titler, dato
-eller annen informasjon som kan gjøre det enklere for arkivet å finne
-dem.</p>
-
-<p>Når det gjelder hvordan bruksvilkårene til
-videoredigeringsverktøyene skal tolkes, så skal jeg høre med MPEG LA
-og produsentene av verktøyene for å forsøke å få klarhet i hva de
-mener er rikgig rettstilstand.</p>
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>Jeg ble litt klokere, men fortsatt er det uklart for meg hva som er
-grunnlaget til NRK for å se bort fra bruksvilkår i
-videoredigeringsprogramvare som krever MPEG LA-avtale til alt annet
-enn privat og ikke-kommersiell bruk.</p>
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Story_of_Aron_Swartz___Let_us_all_weep_.html">The Story of Aron Swartz - Let us all weep!</a></div>
+ <div class="date"> 8th October 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>The movie "<a href="http://www.takepart.com/internets-own-boy">The
+Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz</a>" is both inspiring
+and depressing at the same time. The work of Aaron Swartz has
+inspired me in my work, and I am grateful of all the improvements he
+was able to initiate or complete. I wish I am able to do as much good
+in my life as he did in his. Every minute of this 1:45 long movie is
+inspiring in documenting how much impact a single person can have on
+improving the society and this world. And it is depressing in
+documenting how the law enforcement of USA (and other countries) is
+corrupted to a point where they can push a bright kid to his death for
+downloading too many scientific articles. Aron is dead. Let us all
+weep.</p>
+
+<p>The movie is also available on
+<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXr-2hwTk58">Youtube</a>. I
+wish there were Norwegian subtitles available, so I could show it to
+my parents.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>.
</div>
<div class="padding"></div>
<div class="entry">
- <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html">Blir det virkelig krav om fingeravtrykk i nasjonale ID-kort?</a></div>
- <div class="date">12th May 2015</div>
- <div class="body"><p>Noen finner det vanskelig å tro at Stortinget faktisk har vedtatt å
-kreve at alle norske borgerne må avgi fingeravtrykk til politiet for å
-fungere i samfunnet. Jeg er blitt spurt hva som er grunnlaget for
-<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html">min
-påstand i forrige bloggpost</a> om at det nå blir krav om å avgi
-fingeravtrykk til politiet for å fungere som borger i Norge. De som
-spør klarer ikke lese det ut fra det som er vedtatt. Her er en liten
-oppsummering om hva jeg baserer det på. Det sies ikke direkte i
-hverken proposisjon, innstilling eller vedtak, men fremgår når en ser
-på indirekte formuleringer.</p>
-
-<p>I
-<a href="https://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dokumenter/prop.-66-l-2014-2015/id2399703/">stortingsproposisjon
-66</a>, avsnitt 6.3.5 (Avgivelse av biometriske personopplysninger)
-står det<p>
-
-<p><blockquote>
-
- <p>Departementet foreslår at både ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk skal
- kunne opptas og lagres som identifikasjonsdata i de nasjonale
- ID-kortene, på samme måte som i passene. Lovforslaget er derfor
- utformet i tråd med passloven § 6 annet ledd, som fastslår at det
- til bruk for senere verifisering eller kontroll av passinnehaverens
- identitet kan innhentes og lagres i passet biometrisk
- personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk (to
- fingre). Dagens ordning med lagring av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk
- i et kontaktløst smartkort i passet er basert på internasjonale
- standarder. Fingeravtrykkene i nasjonalt ID-kort vil bli beskyttet
- på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene i passene.</p>
-
- <p>[...]</p>
-
- <p>For norske forhold understreker departementet at innføring av
- nasjonale ID-kort sammen med innføring av nye systemer for sikrere
- utstedelse og kontroll av pass og relaterte dokumenter gir mulighet
- til å utforme ordningen slik at den best mulig møter utfordringene
- forbundet med identitetskriminalitet. Det tilsier at fingeravtrykk
- opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.</p>
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>Departementet sier altså at sin anbefaling er at fingeravtrykk skal
-opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort. Det skrives som om det
-blir valgfritt, på samme måten som det skrives passloven, der det i
-loven sier at det kan
-«<a href="https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1997-06-19-82#§6">innhentes
-og lagres i passet biometrisk personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto
-og fingeravtrykk (to fingre)</a>». Men på tross av bruken av «kan» i
-passloven er det innført krav om å avgi fingeravtrykk for å få et pass
-i Norge. Proposisjonen sier i tillegg i del 1 (Proposisjonens
-hovedinnhold) at ID-kortene skal være like pålitelig som pass og ha
-samme sikkerhetsnivå som pass. Departementet foreslår altså at
-ID-kortene skal gis etter samme regler som for pass.</p>
-
-<p>Formuleringene fra hovedinnholdet i proposisjonen er videreført i
-<a href="https://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Publikasjoner/Innstillinger/Stortinget/2014-2015/inns-201415-243/?lvl=0">innstillingen
-fra stortingskomiteen</a>, der det konkret står «De foreslåtte reglene
-vil gi befolkningen tilbud om et offentlig utstedt identitetsbevis som
-vil være like pålitelig som passet, og mer praktisk å bruke som
-legitimasjon» og «Det nasjonale ID-kortet skal også holde samme
-sikkerhetsnivå som passet». Komiteen har altså ingen kommentarer
-eller innsigelser til dette forslaget, og gjorde i debatten da saken
-ble vedtatt det klart at dette var en god sak og at en enstemmig
-komité var glad for resultatet. Stortinget har dermed stilt seg helt
-og fullt bak departementets forslag.</p>
-
-<p>For meg er det åpenbart når en leser proposisjonen at «like
-pålitelig» og «samme sikkerhetsnivå» vil bli tolket av departementet
-som «med samme biometrisk informasjon som i passene», og departementet
-forklarer i tillegg i proposisjonen at de har tenkt at
-fingeravtrykkene «vil bli beskyttet på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene
-i passene». Jeg ser det dermed som åpenbart at den samme
-tvangsinnhentingen av fingeravtrykk som gjelder for pass vil bli
-viderført til de nasjonale ID-kortene.</p>
-
-<p>Det eneste som kan endre dette er massive protester fra
-befolkningen på at folk som ikke er mistenkt for noe kriminelt skal
-tvinges til å gi fingeravtrykket til politiet for å f.eks. kunne få
-bankkonto eller stemme ved valg. Det kunne få departementet til å
-snu. Det tror jeg ikke vil skje.</p>
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Alle_Stortingets_mobiltelefoner_kontrolleres_fra_USA___.html">Alle Stortingets mobiltelefoner kontrolleres fra USA...</a></div>
+ <div class="date"> 7th October 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>Jeg lot meg fascinere av
+<a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/Stortinget-har-tilgang-til-a-fjernstyre-600-mobiler-8192692.html">en
+artikkel i Aftenposten</a> der det fortelles at «over 600 telefoner som
+benyttes av stortingsrepresentanter, rådgivere og ansatte på
+Stortinget, kan «fjernstyres» ved hjelp av
+<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.airwatch.androidagent">programvaren
+Airwatch</a>, et såkalte MDM-program (Mobile Device Managment)». Det
+hele bagatelliseres av Stortingets IT-stab, men det er i hovedsak på
+grunn av at journalisten ikke stiller de relevante spørsmålene. For
+meg er det relevante spørsmålet hvem som har lovlig tilgang (i henhold
+til lokal lovgiving, dvs. i hvert fall i Norge, Sverige, UK og USA)
+til informasjon om og på telefonene, og hvor enkelt det er å skaffe
+seg tilgang til hvor mobilene befinner seg og informasjon som befinner
+seg på telefonene ved hjelp av utro tjenere, trusler, innbrudd og
+andre ulovlige metoder.</p>
+
+<p>Bruken av AirWatch betyr i realiteten at USAs etteretning og
+politimyndigheter har full tilgang til stortingets mobiltelefoner,
+inkludert posisjon og innhold, takket være
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act_of_1978_Amendments_Act_of_2008">FISAAA-loven</a>
+og
+"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_security_letter">National
+Security Letters</a>" og det enkle faktum at selskapet
+<a href="http://www.airwatch.com/">AirWatch</a> er kontrollert av et
+selskap i USA. I tillegg er det kjent at flere lands
+etterretningstjenester kan lytte på trafikken når den passerer
+landegrensene.</p>
+
+<p>Jeg har bedt om mer informasjon
+<a href="https://www.mimesbronn.no/request/saksnummer_for_saker_anganede_br">fra
+Stortinget om bruken av AirWatch</a> via Mimes brønn så får vi se hva
+de har å fortelle om saken. Fant ingenting om 'airwatch' i
+postjournalen til Stortinget, så jeg trenger hjelp før jeg kan be om
+innsyn i konkrete dokumenter.</p>
+
+<p>Oppdatering 2015-10-07: Jeg er blitt spurt hvorfor jeg antar at
+AirWatch-agenten rapporterer til USA og ikke direkte til Stortingets
+egen infrastruktur. Det stemmer at det er teknisk mulig å sette
+opp mobiltelefonene til å rapportere til datamaskiner som eies av
+Stortinget. Jeg antar det rapporteres til AirWatch sine sentrale
+tjenester basert på det jeg leste fra beskrivelsen av
+<a href="http://www.airwatch.com/solutions/mobile-device-management/">Mobile
+Device Management</A> på AirWatch sine egne nettsider, koblet med at
+det brukes en standard app som kan hentes fra "app-butikkene" for å få
+tilgang. Enten må app-en settes opp individuelt hos Stortinget, eller
+så får den beskjed fra AirWatch i USA om hvor den skal koble seg opp.
+I det første tilfellet vil den ikke rapportere direkte til USA, men
+til programvare utviklet av AirWatch som kjører på en maskin under
+Stortingets kontroll. Det er litt bedre, men fortsatt vil det være
+umulig for Stortinget å være sikker på hva programvaren som tar imot
+forbindelser gjør. Jeg ser fra beskrivelsen av
+<a href="http://www.airwatch.com/differentiators/enterprise-integration/">Enterprice
+Integration</a> hos AirWatch at det er mulig å ha lokal installasjon,
+og håper innsynsforespørsler mot Stortinget kan fortelle mer om
+hvordan ting konkret fungerer der.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/
personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/
offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
</div>
<div class="padding"></div>
<div class="entry">
- <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html">Norwegian citizens now required by law to give their fingerprint to the police</a></div>
- <div class="date">10th May 2015</div>
- <div class="body"><p>5 days ago, the Norwegian Parliament decided, unanimously, that all
-citizens of Norway, no matter if they are suspected of something
-criminal or not, are
-<a href="https://www.holderdeord.no/votes/1430838871e">required to
-give fingerprints to the police</a> (vote details from Holder de
-ord). The law make it sound like it will be optional, but in a few
-years there will be no option any more. The ID will be required to
-vote, to get a bank account, a bank card, to change address on the
-post office, to receive an electronic ID or to get a drivers license
-and many other tasks required to function in Norway. The banks plan
-to stop providing their own ID on the bank cards when this new
-national ID is introduced, and the national road authorities plan to
-change the drivers license to no longer be usable as identity cards.
-In effect, to function as a citizen in Norway a national ID card will
-be required, and to get it one need to provide the fingerprints to
-the police.</p>
-
-<p>In addition to handing the fingerprint to the police (which
-promised to not make a copy of the fingerprint image at that point in
-time, but say nothing about doing it later), a picture of the
-fingerprint will be stored on the RFID chip, along with a picture of
-the face and other information about the person. Some of the
-information will be encrypted, but the encryption will be the same
-system as currently used in the passports. The codes to decrypt will
-be available to a lot of government offices and their suppliers around
-the globe, but for those that do not know anyone in those circles it
-is good to know that
-<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/nov/17/news.homeaffairs">the
-encryption is already broken</a>. And they
-<a href="http://www.networkworld.com/article/2215057/wireless/bad-guys-could-read-rfid-passports-at-217-feet--maybe-a-lot-more.html">can
-be read from 70 meters away</a>. This can be mitigated a bit by
-keeping it in a Faraday cage (metal box or metal wire container), but
-one will be required to take it out of there often enough to expose
-ones private and personal information to a lot of people that have no
-business getting access to that information.</p>
-
-<p>The new Norwegian national IDs are a vehicle for identity theft,
-and I feel sorry for us all having politicians accepting such invasion
-of privacy without any objections. So are the Norwegian passports,
-but it has been possible to function in Norway without those so far.
-That option is going away with the passing of the new law. In this, I
-envy the Germans, because for them it is optional how much biometric
-information is stored in their national ID.</p>
-
-<p>And if forced collection of fingerprints was not bad enough, the
-information collected in the national ID card register can be handed
-over to foreign intelligence services and police authorities, "when
-extradition is not considered disproportionate".</p>
-
-<p>Update 2015-05-12: For those unable to believe that the Parliament
-really could make such decision, I wrote
-<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html">a
-summary of the sources I have</a> for concluding the way I do
-(Norwegian Only, as the sources are all in Norwegian).</p>
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/French_Docbook_PDF_EPUB_MOBI_edition_of_the_Free_Culture_book.html">French Docbook/PDF/EPUB/MOBI edition of the Free Culture book</a></div>
+ <div class="date"> 1st October 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>As I wrap up the Norwegian version of
+<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">Free
+Culture</a> book by Lawrence Lessig (still waiting for my final proof
+reading copy to arrive in the mail), my great
+<a href="http://dblatex.sourceforge.net/">dblatex</a> helper and
+developer of the dblatex docbook processor, Benoît Guillon, decided a
+to try to create a French version of the book. He started with the
+French translation available from the
+<a href="http://www.wikilivres.ca/wiki/Culture_libre">Wikilivres wiki
+pages</a>, and wrote a program to convert it into a PO file, allowing
+the translation to be integrated into the po4a based framework I use
+to create the Norwegian translation from the English edition. We meet
+on the <a href="irc://irc.freenode.net/%23dblatex">#dblatex IRC
+channel</a> to discuss the work. If you want to help create a French
+edition, check out
+<a href="https://github.com/marsgui/free-culture-lessig">his git
+repository</a> and join us on IRC. If the French edition look good,
+we might publish it as a paper book on lulu.com. A French version of
+the drawings and the cover need to be provided for this to happen.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
</div>
<div class="padding"></div>
<div class="entry">
- <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_would_it_cost_to_store_all_phone_calls_in_Norway_.html">What would it cost to store all phone calls in Norway?</a></div>
- <div class="date"> 1st May 2015</div>
- <div class="body"><p>Many years ago, a friend of mine calculated how much it would cost
-to store the sound of all phone calls in Norway, and came up with the
-cost of around 20 million NOK (2.4 mill EUR) for all the calls in a
-year. I got curious and wondered what the same calculation would look
-like today. To do so one need an idea of how much data storage is
-needed for each minute of sound, how many minutes all the calls in
-Norway sums up to, and the cost of data storage.</p>
-
-<p>The 2005 numbers are from
-<a href="http://www.digi.no/analyser/2005/10/04/vi-prater-stadig-mindre-i-roret">digi.no</a>,
-the 2012 numbers are from
-<a href="http://www.nkom.no/aktuelt/nyheter/fortsatt-vekst-i-det-norske-ekommarkedet">a
-NKOM report</a>, and I got the 2013 numbers after asking NKOM via
-email. I was told the numbers for 2014 will be presented May 20th,
-and decided not to wait for those, as I doubt they will be very
-different from the numbers from 2013.</p>
-
-<p>The amount of data storage per minute sound depend on the wanted
-quality, and for phone calls it is generally believed that 8 Kbit/s is
-enough. See for example a
-<a href="http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/voice/voice-quality/7934-bwidth-consume.html#topic1">summary
-on voice quality from Cisco</a> for some alternatives. 8 Kbit/s is 60
-Kbytes/min, and this can be multiplied with the number of call minutes
-to get the storage requirements.</p>
-
-<p>Storage prices varies a lot, depending on speed, backup strategies,
-availability requirements etc. But a simple way to calculate can be
-to use the price of a TiB-disk (around 1000 NOK / 120 EUR) and double
-it to take space, power and redundancy into account. It could be much
-higher with high speed and good redundancy requirements.</p>
-
-<p>But back to the question, What would it cost to store all phone
-calls in Norway? Not much. Here is a small table showing the
-estimated cost, which is within the budget constraint of most medium
-and large organisations:</p>
-
-<table border="1">
-<tr><th>Year</th><th>Call minutes</th><th>Size</th><th>Price in NOK / EUR</th></tr>
-<tr><td>2005</td><td align="right">24 000 000 000</td><td align="right">1.3 PiB</td><td align="right">3 mill / 358 000</td></tr>
-<tr><td>2012</td><td align="right">18 000 000 000</td><td align="right">1.0 PiB</td><td align="right">2.2 mill / 262 000</td></tr>
-<tr><td>2013</td><td align="right">17 000 000 000</td><td align="right">950 TiB</td><td align="right">2.1 mill / 250 000</td></tr>
-</table>
-
-<p>This is the cost of buying the storage. Maintenance need to be
-taken into account too, but calculating that is left as an exercise
-for the reader. But it is obvious to me from those numbers that
-recording the sound of all phone calls in Norway is not going to be
-stopped because it is too expensive. I wonder if someone already is
-collecting the data?</p>
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_life_and_death_of_a_laptop_battery.html">The life and death of a laptop battery</a></div>
+ <div class="date">24th September 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>When I get a new laptop, the battery life time at the start is OK.
+But this do not last. The last few laptops gave me a feeling that
+within a year, the life time is just a fraction of what it used to be,
+and it slowly become painful to use the laptop without power connected
+all the time. Because of this, when I got a new Thinkpad X230 laptop
+about two years ago, I decided to monitor its battery state to have
+more hard facts when the battery started to fail.</p>
+
+<img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-09-24-laptop-battery-graph.png"/>
+
+<p>First I tried to find a sensible Debian package to record the
+battery status, assuming that this must be a problem already handled
+by someone else. I found
+<a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/battery-stats">battery-stats</a>,
+which collects statistics from the battery, but it was completely
+broken. I sent a few suggestions to the maintainer, but decided to
+write my own collector as a shell script while I waited for feedback
+from him. Via
+<a href="http://www.ifweassume.com/2013/08/the-de-evolution-of-my-laptop-battery.html">a
+blog post about the battery development on a MacBook Air</a> I also
+discovered
+<a href="https://github.com/jradavenport/batlog.git">batlog</a>, not
+available in Debian.</p>
+
+<p>I started my collector 2013-07-15, and it has been collecting
+battery stats ever since. Now my
+/var/log/hjemmenett-battery-status.log file contain around 115,000
+measurements, from the time the battery was working great until now,
+when it is unable to charge above 7% of original capacity. My
+collector shell script is quite simple and look like this:</p>
+
+<pre>
+#!/bin/sh
+# Inspired by
+# http://www.ifweassume.com/2013/08/the-de-evolution-of-my-laptop-battery.html
+# See also
+# http://blog.sleeplessbeastie.eu/2013/01/02/debian-how-to-monitor-battery-capacity/
+logfile=/var/log/hjemmenett-battery-status.log
+
+files="manufacturer model_name technology serial_number \
+ energy_full energy_full_design energy_now cycle_count status"
+
+if [ ! -e "$logfile" ] ; then
+ (
+ printf "timestamp,"
+ for f in $files; do
+ printf "%s," $f
+ done
+ echo
+ ) > "$logfile"
+fi
+
+log_battery() {
+ # Print complete message in one echo call, to avoid race condition
+ # when several log processes run in parallel.
+ msg=$(printf "%s," $(date +%s); \
+ for f in $files; do \
+ printf "%s," $(cat $f); \
+ done)
+ echo "$msg"
+}
+
+cd /sys/class/power_supply
+
+for bat in BAT*; do
+ (cd $bat && log_battery >> "$logfile")
+done
+</pre>
+
+<p>The script is called when the power management system detect a
+change in the power status (power plug in or out), and when going into
+and out of hibernation and suspend. In addition, it collect a value
+every 10 minutes. This make it possible for me know when the battery
+is discharging, charging and how the maximum charge change over time.
+The code for the Debian package
+<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/battery-status">is now
+available on github</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The collected log file look like this:</p>
+
+<pre>
+timestamp,manufacturer,model_name,technology,serial_number,energy_full,energy_full_design,energy_now,cycle_count,status,
+1376591133,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,62800000,62160000,39050000,0,Discharging,
+[...]
+1443090528,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,4900000,62160000,4900000,0,Full,
+1443090601,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,4900000,62160000,4900000,0,Full,
+</pre>
+
+<p>I wrote a small script to create a graph of the charge development
+over time. This graph depicted above show the slow death of my laptop
+battery.</p>
+
+<p>But why is this happening? Why are my laptop batteries always
+dying in a year or two, while the batteries of space probes and
+satellites keep working year after year. If we are to believe
+<a href="http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/how_to_prolong_lithium_based_batteries">Battery
+University</a>, the cause is me charging the battery whenever I have a
+chance, and the fix is to not charge the Lithium-ion batteries to 100%
+all the time, but to stay below 90% of full charge most of the time.
+I've been told that the Tesla electric cars
+<a href="http://my.teslamotors.com/de_CH/forum/forums/battery-charge-limit">limit
+the charge of their batteries to 80%</a>, with the option to charge to
+100% when preparing for a longer trip (not that I would want a car
+like Tesla where rights to privacy is abandoned, but that is another
+story), which I guess is the option we should have for laptops on
+Linux too.</p>
+
+<p>Is there a good and generic way with Linux to tell the battery to
+stop charging at 80%, unless requested to charge to 100% once in
+preparation for a longer trip? I found
+<a href="http://askubuntu.com/questions/34452/how-can-i-limit-battery-charging-to-80-capacity">one
+recipe on askubuntu for Ubuntu to limit charging on Thinkpad to
+80%</a>, but could not get it to work (kernel module refused to
+load).</p>
+
+<p>I wonder why the battery capacity was reported to be more than 100%
+at the start. I also wonder why the "full capacity" increases some
+times, and if it is possible to repeat the process to get the battery
+back to design capacity. And I wonder if the discharge and charge
+speed change over time, or if this stay the same. I did not yet try
+to write a tool to calculate the derivative values of the battery
+level, but suspect some interesting insights might be learned from
+those.</p>
+
+<p>Update 2015-09-24: I got a tip to install the packages
+acpi-call-dkms and tlp (unfortunately missing in Debian stable)
+packages instead of the tp-smapi-dkms package I had tried to use
+initially, and use 'tlp setcharge 40 80' to change when charging start
+and stop. I've done so now, but expect my existing battery is toast
+and need to be replaced. The proposal is unfortunately Thinkpad
+specific.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
</div>
<div class="padding"></div>
<div class="entry">
- <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_beta_release.html">First Jessie based Debian Edu beta release</a></div>
- <div class="date">26th April 2015</div>
- <div class="body"><p>I am happy to report that the Debian Edu team sent out
-<a href="https://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2015/04/msg00000.html">this
-announcement today</a>:</p>
-
-<pre>
-the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project is pleased to announce the first
-*beta* release of Debian Edu "Jessie" 8.0+edu0~b1, which for the first
-time is composed entirely of packages from the current Debian stable
-release, Debian 8 "Jessie".
-
-(As most reading this will know, Debian "Jessie" hasn't actually been
-released by now. The release is still in progress but should finish
-later today ;)
-
-We expect to make a final release of Debian Edu "Jessie" in the coming
-weeks, timed with the first point release of Debian Jessie. Upgrades
-from this beta release of Debian Edu Jessie to the final release will
-be possible and encouraged!
-
-Please report feedback to debian-edu@lists.debian.org and/or submit
-bugs: http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs
-
-Debian Edu - sometimes also known as "Skolelinux" - is a complete
-operating system for schools, universities and other
-organisations. Through its pre- prepared installation profiles
-administrators can install servers, workstations and laptops which
-will work in harmony on the school network. With Debian Edu, the
-teachers themselves or their technical support staff can roll out a
-complete multi-user, multi-machine study environment within hours or
-days.
-
-Debian Edu is already in use at several hundred schools all over the
-world, particularly in Germany, Spain and Norway. Installations come
-with hundreds of applications pre-installed, plus the whole Debian
-archive of thousands of compatible packages within easy reach.
-
-For those who want to give Debian Edu Jessie a try, download and
-installation instructions are available, including detailed
-instructions in the manual explaining the first steps, such as setting
-up a network or adding users. Please note that the password for the
-user your prompted for during installation must have a length of at
-least 5 characters!
-
-== Where to download ==
-
-A multi-architecture CD / usbstick image (649 MiB) for network booting
-can be downloaded at the following locations:
-
- http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso
- rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso .
-
-The SHA1SUM of this image is: 54a524d16246cddd8d2cfd6ea52f2dd78c47ee0a
-
-Alternatively an extended DVD / usbstick image (4.9 GiB) is also
-available, with more software included (saving additional download
-time):
-
- http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
- rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
-
-The SHA1SUM of this image is: fb1f1504a490c077a48653898f9d6a461cb3c636
-
-Sources are available from the Debian archive, see
-http://ftp.debian.org/debian-cd/8.0.0/source/ for some download
-options.
-
-== Debian Edu Jessie manual in seven languages ==
-
-Please see https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie/ for
-the English version of the Debian Edu jessie manual.
-
-This manual has been fully translated to German, French, Italian,
-Danish, Dutch and Norwegian Bokmål. A partly translated version exists
-for Spanish. See http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/ for
-online version of the translated manual.
-
-More information about Debian 8 "Jessie" itself is provided in the
-release notes and the installation manual:
-- http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes
-- http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual
-
-
-== Errata / known problems ==
-
- It takes up to 15 minutes for a changed hostname to be updated via
- DHCP (#780461).
-
- The hostname script fails to update LTSP server hostname (#783087).
-
-Workaround: run update-hostname-from-ip on the client to update the
-hostname immediately.
-
-Check https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie for a possibly
-more current and complete list.
-
-== Some more details about Debian Edu 8.0+edu0~b1 Codename Jessie released 2015-04-25 ==
-
-=== Software updates ===
-
-Everything which is new in Debian 8 Jessie, e.g.:
-
- * Linux kernel 3.16.7-ctk9; for the i386 architecture, support for
- i486 processors has been dropped; oldest supported ones: i586 (like
- Intel Pentium and AMD K5).
-
- * Desktop environments KDE Plasma Workspaces 4.11.13, GNOME 3.14,
- Xfce 4.12, LXDE 0.5.6
- * new optional desktop environment: MATE 1.8
- * KDE Plasma Workspaces is installed by default; to choose one of
- the others see the manual.
- * the browsers Iceweasel 31 ESR and Chromium 41
- * LibreOffice 4.3.3
- * GOsa 2.7.4
- * LTSP 5.5.4
- * CUPS print system 1.7.5
- * new boot framework: systemd
- * Educational toolbox GCompris 14.12
- * Music creator Rosegarden 14.02
- * Image editor Gimp 2.8.14
- * Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0.13.1
- * golearn 0.9
- * tuxpaint 0.9.22
- * New version of debian-installer from Debian Jessie.
- * Debian Jessie includes about 43000 packages available for installation.
- * More information about Debian 8 Jessie is provided in its release
- notes and the installation manual, see the link above.
-
-=== Installation changes ===
-
- Installations done via PXE now also install firmware automatically
- for the hardware present.
-
-=== Fixed bugs ===
-
-A number of bugs have been fixed in this release; the most noticeable
-from a user perspective:
-
- * Inserting incorrect DNS information in Gosa will no longer break
- DNS completely, but instead stop DNS updates until the incorrect
- information is corrected (710362)
-
- * shutdown-at-night now shuts the system down if gdm3 is used (775608).
-
-=== Sugar desktop removed ===
-
-As the Sugar desktop was removed from Debian Jessie, it is also not
-available in Debian Edu jessie.
-
-
-== About Debian Edu / Skolelinux ==
-
-Debian Edu, also known as Skolelinux, is a Linux distribution based on
-Debian providing an out-of-the box environment of a completely
-configured school network. Directly after installation a school server
-running all services needed for a school network is set up just
-waiting for users and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable
-Web-UI. A netbooting environment is prepared using PXE, so after
-initial installation of the main server from CD or USB stick all other
-machines can be installed via the network. The provided school server
-provides LDAP database and Kerberos authentication service,
-centralized home directories, DHCP server, web proxy and many other
-services. The desktop contains more than 60 educational software
-packages and more are available from the Debian archive, and schools
-can choose between KDE, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce and MATE desktop
-environment.
-
-== About Debian ==
-
-The Debian Project was founded in 1993 by Ian Murdock to be a truly
-free community project. Since then the project has grown to be one of
-the largest and most influential open source projects. Thousands of
-volunteers from all over the world work together to create and
-maintain Debian software. Available in 70 languages, and supporting a
-huge range of computer types, Debian calls itself the universal
-operating system.
-
-== Thanks ==
-
-Thanks to everyone making Debian and Debian Edu / Skolelinux happen!
-You rock.
-</pre>
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Book_cover_for_the_Free_Culture_book_finally_done.html">Book cover for the Free Culture book finally done</a></div>
+ <div class="date"> 3rd September 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>Creating a good looking book cover proved harder than I expected.
+I wanted to create a cover looking similar to the original cover of
+the
+<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">Free
+Culture</a> book we are translating to Norwegian, and I wanted it in
+vector format for high resolution printing. But my inkscape knowledge
+were not nearly good enough to pull that off.
+
+<p>But thanks to the great inkscape community, I was able to wrap up
+the cover yesterday evening. I asked on the
+<a href="irc://irc.freenode.net/%23inkscape">#inkscape IRC channel</a>
+on Freenode for help and clues, and Marc Jeanmougin (Mc-) volunteered
+to try to recreate it based on the PDF of the cover from the HTML
+version. Not only did he create a
+<a href="https://marc.jeanmougin.fr/share/copy1.svg ">SVG document with
+the original and his vector version side by side</a>, he even provided
+an <a href="https://marc.jeanmougin.fr/share/out-1.ogv">instruction
+video</a> explaining how he did it</a>. But the instruction video is
+not easy to follow for an untrained inkscape user. The video is a
+recording on how he did it, and he is obviously very experienced as
+the menu selections are very quick and he mentioned on IRC that he did
+use some keyboard shortcuts that can't be seen on the video, but it
+give a good idea about the inkscape operations to use to create the
+stripes with the embossed copyright sign in the center.</p>
+
+<p>I took his SVG file, copied the vector image and re-sized it to fit
+on the cover I was drawing. I am happy with the end result, and the
+current english version look like this:</p>
+
+<img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-09-03-free-culture-cover.png" width="70%" align="center"/>
+
+<p>I am not quite sure about the text on the back, but guess it will
+do. I picked three quotes from the official site for the book, and
+hope it will work to trigger the interest of potential readers. The
+Norwegian cover will look the same, but with the texts and bar code
+replaced with the Norwegian version.</p>
+
+<p>The book is very close to being ready for publication, and I expect
+to upload the final draft to Lulu in the next few days and order a
+final proof reading copy to verify that everything look like it should
+before allowing everyone to order their own copy of Free Culture, in
+English or Norwegian Bokmål. I'm waiting to give the the productive
+proof readers a chance to complete their work.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
</div>
<div class="padding"></div>
<div class="entry">
- <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Shirish_Agarwal.html">Debian Edu interview: Shirish Agarwal</a></div>
- <div class="date">15th April 2015</div>
- <div class="body"><p>It was a surprise to me to learn that project to create a complete
-computer system for schools I've involved in,
-<a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a>, was
-being used in India. But apparently it is, and I managed to get an
-interview with one of the friends of the project there, Shirish
-Agarwal.</p>
-
-<p><strong>Who are you, and how do you spend your days?</strong></p>
-
-<p>My name is Shirish Agarwal. Based out of the educational and
-historical city of Pune, from the western state of Maharashtra, India.
-My bread comes from giving training, giving policy tips,
-installations on free software to mom and pop shops in different
-fields from Desktop publishing to retail shops as well as work with
-few software start-ups as well.</p>
-
-<p><strong>How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu
-project?</strong></p>
-
-<p>It started innocently enough. I have been using Debian for a few
-years and in one local minidebconf / debutsav I was asked if there was
-anything for schools or education. I had worked / played with free
-educational softwares such as Gcompris and Stellarium for my many
-nieces and nephews so researched and found Debian Edu or Skolelinux as
-it was known then. Since then I have started using the various
-education meta-packages provided by the project.</p>
-
-<p><strong>What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian
-Edu?</strong></p>
-
-<p>It's closest I have seen where a package full of educational
-software are packed, which are free and open (both literally and
-figuratively). Even if I take the simplest software which is
-gcompris, the number of activities therein are amazing. Another one of
-the softwares that I have liked for a long time is stellarium. Even
-pysycache is cool except for couple of issues I encountered
-<a href="https://bugs.debian.org/781841">#781841</a> and
-<a href="https://bugs.debian.org/781842">#781842</a>.</p>
-
-<p>I prefer software installed on the system over web based solutions,
-as a web site can disappear any time but the software on disk has the
-possibility of a larger life span. Of course with both it's more a
-question if it has enough users who make it fun or sustainable or both
-for the developer per-se.</p>
-
-<p><strong>What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian
-Edu?</strong></p>
-
-<p>I do see that the Debian Edu team seems to be short-handed and I
-think more efforts should be made to make it popular and ask and take
-help from people and the larger community wherever possible.</p>
-
-<p>I don't see any disadvantage to use Skolelinux apart from the fact
-that most apps. are generic which is good or bad how you see it.
-However, saying that I do acknowledge the fact that the canvas is
-pretty big and there are lot of interesting ideas that could be done
-but for reasons not known not done or if done I don't know about them.
-Let me share some of the ideas (these are more upstream based but
-still) I have had for a long time :</p>
-
-<p>1. Classical maths question of two trains in opposing directions
-each running @x kmph/mph at y distance, when they will meet and how
-far would each travel and similar questions like these.
-
-<p>The computer is a fantastic system where questions like these can
-be drawn, animated and the methodology and answers teased out in
-interactive manner. While sites such as the
-<a href="http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.two.trains.html">Ask
-Dr. Math FAQ on The Two Trains problem</a> (as an example or point of
-inspiration) can be used there is lot more that can be done. I dunno
-if there is a free software which does something like this. The idea
-being a blend of objects + animation + interaction which does
-this. The whole interaction could be gamified with points or sounds or
-colourful celebration whenever the user gets even part of the question
-or/and methodology right. That would help reinforce good behaviour.
-This understanding could be used to share/showcase everything from how
-the first wheel came to be, to evolution to how astronomy started,
-psychics and everything in-between.</p>
-
-<p>One specific idea in the train part was having the Linux mascot on
-one train and the BSD or GNU mascot on the other train and they
-meeting somewhere in-between. Characters from blender movies could
-also be used.</p>
-
-<p>2. Loads of crossword-puzzles with reference to subjects: We have
-enormous data sets in Wikipedia and Wikitionary. I don't think it
-should be a big job to design crossword puzzles. Using categories and
-sub-categories it should be doable to have Q&A single word answers
-from the existing data-sets. What would make it easy or hard could be
-the length of the word + existence of many or few vowels depending on
-the user's input.</p>
-
-<p>3. Jigsaw puzzles - We already have a great software called
-palapeli with number of slicers making it pretty interesting. What
-needs to be done is to download large number of public domain and
-copyleft images, tease and use IPTC tags to categorise them into
-nature, history etc. and let it loose. This could turn to be really
-huge collection of images. One source could be taken from
-commons.wikimedia.org, others could be huge collection of royalty-free
-stock photos. Potential is immense.</p>
-
-<p>Apart from this, free software suffers in two directions, we lag
-both in development (of using new features per-se) and maintenance a
-lot. This is more so in educational software as these applications
-need to be timely and the opportunity cost of missing deadlines is
-immense. If we are able to solve issues of funding for development and
-maintenance of such software I don't see any big difficulties. I know
-of few start-ups in and around India who would love to develop and
-maintain such software if funding issues could be solved.</p>
-
-<p><strong>Which free software do you use daily?</strong></p>
-
-<p>That would be huge list. Some of the softwares are obviously apt,
-aptitude, debdelta, leafpad, the shell of course (zsh nowadays),
-quassel for IRC. In games I use shisen-sho while card-games are evenly
-between kpat and Aiselriot. In desktops it's a tie between
-gnome-flashback and mate.</p>
-
-<p><strong>Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
-get schools to use free software?</strong></p>
-
-<p>I think it should first start with using specific FOSS apps. in
-whatever environment they are. If it's MS-Windows or Mac so be it.
-Once they are habitual with the apps. and there is buy-in from the
-school management then it could be installed anywhere. Most of the
-people now understand the concept of a repository because of the
-various online stores so it isn't hard to convince on that front.</p>
-
-<p>What is harder is having enough people with technical skills and
-passion to service them. If you get buy-in from one or two teachers
-then ideas like above could also be asked to be done as a project as
-well.</p>
-
-<p>I think where we fall short more than anything is in marketing. For
-instance, Debian has this whole range of fonts in its archive but
-there isn't even a page where all those different fonts in the La
-Ipsum format could be tried out for newcomers.</p>
-
-<p>One of the issues faced constantly in installations is with updates
-and upgrades. People have this myth that each update and upgrade
-means the user interface will / has to change. I have seen this
-innumerable times. That perhaps is one of the reasons which browsers
-like Iceweasel / Firefox change user interfaces so much, not because
-it might be needed or be functional but because people believe that
-changed user interfaces are better. This, can easily be pointed with
-the user interfaces changed with almost every MS-Windows and Mac OS
-releases.</p>
-
-<p>The problems with Debian Edu for deployment are many. The biggest
-is the huge gap between what is taught in schools and what Debian Edu
-is aimed at.
-
-<p>Me and my friends did teach on week-ends in a government school for
-around 2 years, and
-<a href="https://flossexperiences.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/sharings/">gathered
-some experience</a> there. Some of the things we learnt/discovered
-there was :</p>
-
-<ol>
-
- <li>Most of the teachers are very territorial about their subjects
- and they do not want you to teach anything out of the
- portion/syllabus given.</li>
-
- <li>They want any activity on the system in accordance to whatever
- is in the syllabus.</li>
-
- <li>There are huge barriers both with the English language and at
- times with objects or whatever. An example, let's say in gcompris
- you have objects falling down and you have to name them and let's
- say the falling object is a hat or a fedora hat, this would not be
- as recognizable as say a
- <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi">Puneri
- Pagdi</a> so there is need to inject local objects, words wherever
- possible. Especially for word-games there are so many hindi words
- which have become part of english vocabulary (for instance in
- parley), those could be made into a hinglish collection or
- something but that is something for upstream to do.</li>
-
-</ol>
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/In_my_hand__a_pocket_book_edition_of_the_Norwegian_Free_Culture_book_.html">In my hand, a pocket book edition of the Norwegian Free Culture book!</a></div>
+ <div class="date">19th August 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>Today, finally, my first printed draft edition of the Norwegian
+translation of Free Culture I have been working on for the last few
+years arrived in the mail. I had to fake a cover to get the interior
+printed, and the exterior of the book look awful, but that is
+irrelevant at this point. I asked for a printed pocket book version
+to get an idea about the font sizes and paper format as well as how
+good the figures and images look in print, but also to test what the
+pocket book version would look like. After receiving the 500 page
+pocket book, it became obvious to me that that pocket book size is too
+small for this book. I believe the book is too thick, and several
+tables and figures do not look good in the size they get with that
+small page sizes. I believe I will go with the 5.5x8.5 inch size
+instead. A surprise discovery from the paper version was how bad the
+URLs look in print. They are very hard to read in the colophon page.
+The URLs are red in the PDF, but light gray on paper. I need to
+change the color of links somehow to look better. But there is a
+printed book in my hand, and it feels great. :)</p>
+
+<p>Now I only need to fix the cover, wrap up the postscript with the
+store behind the book, and collect the last corrections from the proof
+readers before the book is ready for proper printing. Cover artists
+willing to work for free and create a Creative Commons licensed vector
+file looking similar to the original is most welcome, as my skills as
+a graphics designer are mostly missing.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
</div>
<div class="padding"></div>
<div class="entry">
- <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_m_going_to_the_Open_Source_Developers__Conference_Nordic_2015_.html">I'm going to the Open Source Developers' Conference Nordic 2015!</a></div>
- <div class="date"> 7th April 2015</div>
- <div class="body"><p>I am happy to let you all know that I'm going to the <a
-href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/">Open Source Developers'
-Conference Nordic 2015</a>!</p>
-
-<p>It take place Friday 8th to Sunday 10th of May in Oslo next to
-where I work, and I finally got around to submitting
-<a href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talk/6192">a talk proposal for
-it</a> (dead link for most people until the talk is accepted). As
-part of my involvement with the
-<a href="http://www.nuug.no/">Norwegian Unix User Group member
-association</a> I have been slightly involved in the planning of this
-conference for a while now, with a focus on organising a Civic Hacking
-Hackathon with our friends
-over at <a href="http://www.mysociety.org/">mySociety</a> and
-<a href="http://www.holderdeord.no/">Holder de ord</a>. This part is
-named the 'My Society' track in the program. There is still space for
-more talks and participants. I hope to see you there.</p>
-
-<p>Check out <a href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talks">the talks
-submitted and accepted so far</a>.</p>
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_paper_version_of_the_Norwegian_Free_Culture_book_heading_my_way.html">First paper version of the Norwegian Free Culture book heading my way</a></div>
+ <div class="date"> 9th August 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>Typesetting a book is harder than I hoped. As the translation is
+mostly done, and a volunteer proof reader was going to check the text
+on paper, it was time this summer to focus on formatting my translated
+<a href="http://www.docbook.org/">docbook</a> based version of the
+<a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture</a> book by Lawrence
+Lessig. I've been trying to get both docboox-xsl+fop and dblatex to
+give me a good looking PDF, but in the end I went with dblatex, because
+its Debian maintainer and upstream developer were responsive and very
+helpful in solving my formatting challenges.</p>
+
+<p>Last night, I finally managed to create a PDF that no longer made
+<a href="http://www.lulu.com/">Lulu.com</a> complain after uploading,
+and I ordered a text version of the book on paper. It is lacking a
+proper book cover and is not tagged with the correct ISBN number, but
+should give me an idea what the finished book will look like.</p>
+
+<p>Instead of using Lulu, I did consider printing the book using
+<a href="http://www.createspace.com/">CreateSpace</a>, but ended up
+using Lulu because it had smaller book size options (CreateSpace seem
+to lack pocket book with extended distribution). I looked for a
+similar service in Norway, but have not seen anything so far. Please
+let me know if I am missing out on something here.</p>
+
+<p>But I still struggle to decide the book size. Should I go for
+pocket book (4.25x6.875 inches / 10.8x17.5 cm) with 556 pages, Digest
+(5.5x8.5 inches / 14x21.6 cm) with 323 pages or US Trade (6x8 inches /
+15.3x22.9 cm) with 280 pages? Fewer pager give a cheaper book, and a
+smaller book is easier to carry around. The test book I ordered was
+pocket book sized, to give me an idea how well that fit in my hand,
+but I suspect I will end up using a digest sized book in the end to
+bring the prize down further.</p>
+
+<p>My biggest challenge at the moment is making nice cover art. My
+inkscape skills are not yet up to the task of replicating the original
+cover in SVG format. I also need to figure out what to write about
+the book on the back (will most likely use the same text as the
+description on web based book stores). I would love help with this,
+if you are willing to license the art source and final version using
+the same CC license as the book. My artistic skills are not really up
+to the task.</p>
+
+<p>I plan to publish the book in both English and Norwegian and on
+paper, in PDF form as well as EPUB and MOBI format. The current
+status can as usual be found on
+<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">github</a>
+in the archive/ directory. So far I have spent all time on making the
+PDF version look good. Someone should probably do the same with the
+dbtoepub generated e-book. Help is definitely needed here, as I
+expect to run out of steem before I find time to improve the epub
+formatting.</p>
+
+<p>Please let me know via github if you find typos in the book or
+discover translations that should be improved. The final proof
+reading is being done right now, and I expect to publish the finished
+result in a few months.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
</div>
<div class="padding"></div>
<div class="entry">
- <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Proof_reading_the_Norwegian_translation_of_Free_Culture_by_Lessig.html">Proof reading the Norwegian translation of Free Culture by Lessig</a></div>
- <div class="date"> 4th April 2015</div>
- <div class="body"><p>During eastern I had some time to continue working on the Norwegian
-<a href="http://www.docbook.org/">docbook</a> version of the 2004 book
-<a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture</a> by Lawrence Lessig.
-At the moment I am proof reading the finished text, looking for typos,
-inconsistent wordings and sentences that do not flow as they should.
-I'm more than two thirds done with the text, and welcome others to
-check the text up to chapter 13. The current status is available on the
-<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">github</a>
-project pages. You can also check out the
-<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.pdf?raw=true">PDF</a>,
-<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.epub?raw=true">EPUB</a>
-and HTML version available in the
-<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/tree/master/archive">archive
-directory</a>.</p>
-
-<p>Please report typos, bugs and improvements to the github project if
-you find any.</p>
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Typesetting_DocBook_footnotes_as_endnotes_with_dblatex.html">Typesetting DocBook footnotes as endnotes with dblatex</a></div>
+ <div class="date">16th July 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>I'm still working on the Norwegian version of the
+<a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture book by Lawrence
+Lessig</a>, and is now working on the final typesetting and layout.
+One of the features I want to get the structure similar to the
+original book is to typeset the footnotes as endnotes in the notes
+chapter. Based on the
+<a href="https://bugs.debian.org/685063">feedback from the Debian
+maintainer and the dblatex developer</a>, I came up with this recipe I
+would like to share with you. The proposal was to create a new LaTeX
+class file and add the LaTeX code there, but this is not always
+practical, when I want to be able to replace the class using a make
+file variable. So my proposal misuses the latex.begindocument XSL
+parameter value, to get a small fragment into the correct location in
+the generated LaTeX File.</p>
+
+<p>First, decide where in the DocBook document to place the endnotes,
+and add this text there:</p>
+
+<pre>
+<?latex \theendnotes ?>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Next, create a xsl stylesheet file dblatex-endnotes.xsl to add the
+code needed to add the endnote instructions in the preamble of the
+generated LaTeX document, with content like this:</p>
+
+<pre>
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version='1.0'>
+ <xsl:param name="latex.begindocument">
+ <xsl:text>
+\usepackage{endnotes}
+\let\footnote=\endnote
+\def\enoteheading{\mbox{}\par\vskip-\baselineskip }
+\begin{document}
+ </xsl:text>
+ </xsl:param>
+</xsl:stylesheet>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Finally, load this xsl file when running dblatex, for example like
+this:</p>
+
+<pre>
+dblatex --xsl-user=dblatex-endnotes.xsl freeculture.nb.xml
+</pre>
+
+<p>The end result can be seen on github, where
+<a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">my
+book project</a> is located.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
<div class="padding"></div>
<div class="entry">
- <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Frikanalen__Norwegian_TV_channel_for_technical_topics.html">Frikanalen, Norwegian TV channel for technical topics</a></div>
- <div class="date"> 9th March 2015</div>
- <div class="body"><p>The <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">Norwegian Unix User Group</a>,
-where I am a member, and where people interested in free software,
-open standards and UNIX like operating systems like Linux and the BSDs
-come together, record our monthly technical presentations on video.
-The purpose is to document the talks and spread them to a wider
-audience. For this, the the Norwegian nationwide open channel
-<a href="http://www.frikanalen.no/">Frikanalen</a> is a useful venue.
-Since a few days ago, when I figured out the
-<a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/api/">REST API</a> to program the
-<a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/guide/">channel time schedule</a>,
-the channel has been filled with NUUG talks, related recordings and
-some Creative Commons licensed TED talks (from archive.org). I fill
-all "leftover bits" on the channel with content from NUUG, which at
-the moment is almost 17 of 24 hours every day.</p>
-
-<p>The list of NUUG videos
-<a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/organization/82">uploaded so far</a>
-include things like a
-<a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/625090">one hour talk by John
-Perry Barlow when he visited Oslo</a>, a presentation of
-<a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/624275">Haiku, the BeOS
-re-implementation</a>, the
-<a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/624493">history of FiksGataMi,
-the Norwegian version of FixMyStreet</a>, the good old
-<a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/623566">Warriors of the net
-video</A> and many others.</p>
-
-<p>We have a large backlog of NUUG talks not yet uploaded to
-Frikanalen, and plan to upload every useful bit to the channel to
-spread the word there. I also hope to find useful recordings from the
-Chaos Computer Club and Debian conferences and spread them on the
-channel as well. But this require locating the videos and their meta
-information (title, description, license, etc), and preparing the
-recordings for broadcast, and I have not yet had the spare time to
-focus on this. Perhaps you want to help. Please join us on IRC,
-<a href="irc://irc.freenode.net/%23nuug">#nuug on irc.freenode.net</a>
-if you want to help make this happen.</p>
-
-<p>But as I said, already the channel is already almost exclusively
-filled with technical topics, and if you want to learn something new
-today, check out the <a href="http://www.frikanalen.tv/se">Ogg Theora
-web stream</a> or use one of the other ways to get access to the
-channel. Unfortunately the Ogg Theora recoding for distribution still
-do not properly sync the video and sound. It is generated by recoding
-a internal MPEG transport stream with MPEG4 coded video (ie H.264) to
-Ogg Theora / Vorbis, and we have not been able to find a way that
-produces acceptable quality. Help needed, please get in touch if you
-know how to fix it using free software.</p>
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Mimes_br_nn__norsk_utgave_av_Alaveteli___WhatDoTheyKnow__endelig_lansert.html">Mimes brønn, norsk utgave av Alaveteli / WhatDoTheyKnow, endelig lansert</a></div>
+ <div class="date"> 9th July 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>I går fikk vi endelig lansert en norsk version av mySocietys
+<a href="https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/">WhatDoTheyKnow</a>.
+Tjenesten heter Mimes brønn, og ble
+<a href="http://www.nuug.no/news/NUUG_lanserer_innsynstjenesten_Mimes_Br_nn.shtml">annonsert
+av NUUG</a> via blogg, epost og twitter til NUUG-assosierte personer.
+Det har tatt noen år, men de siste dagene fikk vi endelig tid til å få
+på plass de siste bitene. Vi er to, Gorm og meg selv, som har vært
+primus motor for det hele, men vi har fått hjelp med oversettelser og
+oppsett fra mange flere. Jeg vil si tusen takk til hver og en av dem,
+og er veldig fornøyd med at vi klarte å få tjenesten opp å kjøre før
+ferietiden slo inn for fullt.</p>
+
+<p>Vi er usikker på hvor mye belastning den virtuelle maskinen der
+tjenesten kjører klarer, så vi har lansert litt i det stille og ikke
+til for mange folk for å se hvordan maskinen klarer seg over sommeren,
+før vi går mer aktivt ut og annonserer til høsten. Ta en titt, og se
+om du kanskje har et spørsmål til det offentlige som er egnet å sende
+inn via Mimes brønn.</p>
+
+<p>Hvis du lurer på hva i alle dager en slik tjenestes kan brukes til,
+anbefaler jeg deg å se
+<a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/video/625321">TED-foredraget til
+Heather Brook</a> om hvordan hun brukte WhatDoTheyKnow til å lære
+hvordan offentlige midler ble misbrukt. Det er en inspirerende
+historie.</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
</div>
<div class="padding"></div>
<div class="entry">
- <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Citizenfour_documentary_on_the_Snowden_confirmations_to_Norway.html">The Citizenfour documentary on the Snowden confirmations to Norway</a></div>
- <div class="date">28th February 2015</div>
- <div class="body"><p>Today I was happy to learn that the documentary
-<a href="https://citizenfourfilm.com/">Citizenfour</a> by
-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Poitras">Laura Poitras</a>
-finally will show up in Norway. According to the magazine
-<a href="http://montages.no/">Montages</a>, a deal has finally been
-made for
-<a href="http://montages.no/nyheter/snowden-dokumentaren-citizenfour-far-norsk-kinodistribusjon/">Cinema
-distribution in Norway</a> and the movie will have its premiere soon.
-This is great news. As part of my involvement with
-<a href="http://www.nuug.no/">the Norwegian Unix User Group</a>, me and
-a friend have
-<a href="http://www.nuug.no/news/Dokumentar_om_Snowdenbekreftelsene_til_Norge_.shtml">tried
-to get the movie to Norway</a> ourselves, but obviously
-<a href="http://www.nuug.no/news/Dokumentar_om_Snowdenbekreftelsene_endelig_til_Norge_.shtml">we
-were too late</a> and Tor Fosse beat us to it. I am happy he did, as
-the movie will make its way to the public and we do not have to make
-it happen ourselves.
-<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiGwAvd5mvM">The trailer</a>
-can be seen on youtube, if you are curious what kind of film this
-is.</p>
-
-<p>The whistle blower Edward Snowden really deserve political asylum
-here in Norway, but I am afraid he would not be safe.</p>
+ <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_on__Internet_Broadcast_AVC_Video__licensing_and_non_private_use.html">MPEG LA on "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" licensing and non-private use</a></div>
+ <div class="date"> 7th July 2015</div>
+ <div class="body"><p>After asking the Norwegian Broadcasting Company (NRK)
+<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html">why
+they can broadcast and stream H.264 video without an agreement with
+the MPEG LA</a>, I was wiser, but still confused. So I asked MPEG LA
+if their understanding matched that of NRK. As far as I can tell, it
+does not.</p>
+
+<p>I started by asking for more information about the various
+licensing classes and what exactly is covered by the "Internet
+Broadcast AVC Video" class that NRK pointed me at to explain why NRK
+did not need a license for streaming H.264 video:
+
+<p><blockquote>
+
+<p>According to
+<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">a
+MPEG LA press release dated 2010-02-02</a>, there is no charge when
+using MPEG AVC/H.264 according to the terms of "Internet Broadcast AVC
+Video". I am trying to understand exactly what the terms of "Internet
+Broadcast AVC Video" is, and wondered if you could help me. What
+exactly is covered by these terms, and what is not?</p>
+
+<p>The only source of more information I have been able to find is a
+PDF named
+<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">AVC
+Patent Portfolio License Briefing</a>, which states this about the
+fees:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Where End User pays for AVC Video
+ <ul>
+ <li>Subscription (not limited by title) – 100,000 or fewer
+ subscribers/yr = no royalty; > 100,000 to 250,000 subscribers/yr =
+ $25,000; >250,000 to 500,000 subscribers/yr = $50,000; >500,000 to
+ 1M subscribers/yr = $75,000; >1M subscribers/yr = $100,000</li>
+
+ <li>Title-by-Title - 12 minutes or less = no royalty; >12 minutes in
+ length = lower of (a) 2% or (b) $0.02 per title</li>
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>Where remuneration is from other sources
+ <ul>
+ <li>Free Television - (a) one-time $2,500 per transmission encoder or
+ (b) annual fee starting at $2,500 for > 100,000 HH rising to
+ maximum $10,000 for >1,000,000 HH</li>
+
+ <li>Internet Broadcast AVC Video (not title-by-title, not subscription)
+ – no royalty for life of the AVC Patent Portfolio License</li>
+ </ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Am I correct in assuming that the four categories listed is the
+categories used when selecting licensing terms, and that "Internet
+Broadcast AVC Video" is the category for things that do not fall into
+one of the other three categories? Can you point me to a good source
+explaining what is ment by "title-by-title" and "Free Television" in
+the license terms for AVC/H.264?</p>
+
+<p>Will a web service providing H.264 encoded video content in a
+"video on demand" fashing similar to Youtube and Vimeo, where no
+subscription is required and no payment is required from end users to
+get access to the videos, fall under the terms of the "Internet
+Broadcast AVC Video", ie no royalty for life of the AVC Patent
+Portfolio license? Does it matter if some users are subscribed to get
+access to personalized services?</p>
+
+<p>Note, this request and all answers will be published on the
+Internet.</p>
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>The answer came quickly from Benjamin J. Myers, Licensing Associate
+with the MPEG LA:</p>
+
+<p><blockquote>
+<p>Thank you for your message and for your interest in MPEG LA. We
+appreciate hearing from you and I will be happy to assist you.</p>
+
+<p>As you are aware, MPEG LA offers our AVC Patent Portfolio License
+which provides coverage under patents that are essential for use of
+the AVC/H.264 Standard (MPEG-4 Part 10). Specifically, coverage is
+provided for end products and video content that make use of AVC/H.264
+technology. Accordingly, the party offering such end products and
+video to End Users concludes the AVC License and is responsible for
+paying the applicable royalties.</p>
+
+<p>Regarding Internet Broadcast AVC Video, the AVC License generally
+defines such content to be video that is distributed to End Users over
+the Internet free-of-charge. Therefore, if a party offers a service
+which allows users to upload AVC/H.264 video to its website, and such
+AVC Video is delivered to End Users for free, then such video would
+receive coverage under the sublicense for Internet Broadcast AVC
+Video, which is not subject to any royalties for the life of the AVC
+License. This would also apply in the scenario where a user creates a
+free online account in order to receive a customized offering of free
+AVC Video content. In other words, as long as the End User is given
+access to or views AVC Video content at no cost to the End User, then
+no royalties would be payable under our AVC License.</p>
+
+<p>On the other hand, if End Users pay for access to AVC Video for a
+specific period of time (e.g., one month, one year, etc.), then such
+video would constitute Subscription AVC Video. In cases where AVC
+Video is delivered to End Users on a pay-per-view basis, then such
+content would constitute Title-by-Title AVC Video. If a party offers
+Subscription or Title-by-Title AVC Video to End Users, then they would
+be responsible for paying the applicable royalties you noted below.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, in the case where AVC Video is distributed for free
+through an "over-the-air, satellite and/or cable transmission", then
+such content would constitute Free Television AVC Video and would be
+subject to the applicable royalties.</p>
+
+<p>For your reference, I have attached
+<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-07-07-mpegla.pdf">a
+.pdf copy of the AVC License</a>. You will find the relevant
+sublicense information regarding AVC Video in Sections 2.2 through
+2.5, and the corresponding royalties in Section 3.1.2 through 3.1.4.
+You will also find the definitions of Title-by-Title AVC Video,
+Subscription AVC Video, Free Television AVC Video, and Internet
+Broadcast AVC Video in Section 1 of the License. Please note that the
+electronic copy is provided for informational purposes only and cannot
+be used for execution.</p>
+
+<p>I hope the above information is helpful. If you have additional
+questions or need further assistance with the AVC License, please feel
+free to contact me directly.</p>
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>Having a fresh copy of the license text was useful, and knowing
+that the definition of Title-by-Title required payment per title made
+me aware that my earlier understanding of that phrase had been wrong.
+But I still had a few questions:</p>
+
+<p><blockquote>
+<p>I have a small followup question. Would it be possible for me to get
+a license with MPEG LA even if there are no royalties to be paid? The
+reason I ask, is that some video related products have a copyright
+clause limiting their use without a license with MPEG LA. The clauses
+typically look similar to this:
+
+<p><blockquote>
+ This product is licensed under the AVC patent portfolio license for
+ the personal and non-commercial use of a consumer to (a) encode
+ video in compliance with the AVC standard ("AVC video") and/or (b)
+ decode AVC video that was encoded by a consumer engaged in a
+ personal and non-commercial activity and/or AVC video that was
+ obtained from a video provider licensed to provide AVC video. No
+ license is granted or shall be implied for any other use. additional
+ information may be obtained from MPEG LA L.L.C.
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>It is unclear to me if this clause mean that I need to enter into
+an agreement with MPEG LA to use the product in question, even if
+there are no royalties to be paid to MPEG LA. I suspect it will
+differ depending on the jurisdiction, and mine is Norway. What is
+MPEG LAs view on this?</p>
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>According to the answer, MPEG LA believe those using such tools for
+non-personal or commercial use need a license with them:</p>
+
+<p><blockquote>
+
+<p>With regard to the Notice to Customers, I would like to begin by
+clarifying that the Notice from Section 7.1 of the AVC License
+reads:</p>
+
+<p>THIS PRODUCT IS LICENSED UNDER THE AVC PATENT PORTFOLIO LICENSE FOR
+THE PERSONAL USE OF A CONSUMER OR OTHER USES IN WHICH IT DOES NOT
+RECEIVE REMUNERATION TO (i) ENCODE VIDEO IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AVC
+STANDARD ("AVC VIDEO") AND/OR (ii) DECODE AVC VIDEO THAT WAS ENCODED
+BY A CONSUMER ENGAGED IN A PERSONAL ACTIVITY AND/OR WAS OBTAINED FROM
+A VIDEO PROVIDER LICENSED TO PROVIDE AVC VIDEO. NO LICENSE IS GRANTED
+OR SHALL BE IMPLIED FOR ANY OTHER USE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE
+OBTAINED FROM MPEG LA, L.L.C. SEE HTTP://WWW.MPEGLA.COM</p>
+
+<p>The Notice to Customers is intended to inform End Users of the
+personal usage rights (for example, to watch video content) included
+with the product they purchased, and to encourage any party using the
+product for commercial purposes to contact MPEG LA in order to become
+licensed for such use (for example, when they use an AVC Product to
+deliver Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free Television or Internet
+Broadcast AVC Video to End Users, or to re-Sell a third party's AVC
+Product as their own branded AVC Product).</p>
+
+<p>Therefore, if a party is to be licensed for its use of an AVC
+Product to Sell AVC Video on a Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free
+Television or Internet Broadcast basis, that party would need to
+conclude the AVC License, even in the case where no royalties were
+payable under the License. On the other hand, if that party (either a
+Consumer or business customer) simply uses an AVC Product for their
+own internal purposes and not for the commercial purposes referenced
+above, then such use would be included in the royalty paid for the AVC
+Products by the licensed supplier.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, I note that our AVC License provides worldwide coverage in
+countries that have AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, including
+Norway.</p>
+
+<p>I hope this clarification is helpful. If I may be of any further
+assistance, just let me know.</p>
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>The mentioning of Norwegian patents made me a bit confused, so I
+asked for more information:</p>
+
+<p><blockquote>
+
+<p>But one minor question at the end. If I understand you correctly,
+you state in the quote above that there are patents in the AVC Patent
+Portfolio that are valid in Norway. This make me believe I read the
+list available from <URL:
+<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx">http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx</a>
+> incorrectly, as I believed the "NO" prefix in front of patents
+were Norwegian patents, and the only one I could find under Mitsubishi
+Electric Corporation expired in 2012. Which patents are you referring
+to that are relevant for Norway?</p>
+
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>Again, the quick answer explained how to read the list of patents
+in that list:</p>
+
+<p><blockquote>
+
+<p>Your understanding is correct that the last AVC Patent Portfolio
+Patent in Norway expired on 21 October 2012. Therefore, where AVC
+Video is both made and Sold in Norway after that date, then no
+royalties would be payable for such AVC Video under the AVC License.
+With that said, our AVC License provides historic coverage for AVC
+Products and AVC Video that may have been manufactured or Sold before
+the last Norwegian AVC patent expired. I would also like to clarify
+that coverage is provided for the country of manufacture and the
+country of Sale that has active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents.</p>
+
+<p>Therefore, if a party offers AVC Products or AVC Video for Sale in
+a country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents (for example,
+Sweden, Denmark, Finland, etc.), then that party would still need
+coverage under the AVC License even if such products or video are
+initially made in a country without active AVC Patent Portfolio
+Patents (for example, Norway). Similarly, a party would need to
+conclude the AVC License if they make AVC Products or AVC Video in a
+country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, but eventually Sell
+such AVC Products or AVC Video in a country without active AVC Patent
+Portfolio Patents.</p>
+</blockquote></p>
+
+<p>As far as I understand it, MPEG LA believe anyone using Adobe
+Premiere and other video related software with a H.264 distribution
+license need a license agreement with MPEG LA to use such tools for
+anything non-private or commercial, while it is OK to set up a
+Youtube-like service as long as no-one pays to get access to the
+content. I still have no clear idea how this applies to Norway, where
+none of the patents MPEG LA is licensing are valid. Will the
+copyright terms take precedence or can those terms be ignored because
+the patents are not valid in Norway?</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
- Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
+ Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web</a>.
</div>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
-<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (1)</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
+
+<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (3)</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (109)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (112)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (153)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (15)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (13)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (18)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (277)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (290)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (15)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (20)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (14)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (16)</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (33)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (36)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (262)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (265)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (176)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (177)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (16)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (20)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (52)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (54)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (86)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (87)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (41)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (42)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (47)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (48)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (9)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (10)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (33)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (34)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (51)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (54)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (36)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (37)</a></li>
</ul>
projects / homepage.git / blobdiff