- <title>Mimes brønn, norsk utgave av Alaveteli / WhatDoTheyKnow, endelig lansert</title>
- <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Mimes_br_nn__norsk_utgave_av_Alaveteli___WhatDoTheyKnow__endelig_lansert.html</link>
- <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Mimes_br_nn__norsk_utgave_av_Alaveteli___WhatDoTheyKnow__endelig_lansert.html</guid>
- <pubDate>Thu, 9 Jul 2015 11:40:00 +0200</pubDate>
- <description><p>I går fikk vi endelig lansert en norsk version av mySocietys
-<a href="https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/">WhatDoTheyKnow</a>.
-Tjenesten heter Mimes brønn, og ble
-<a href="http://www.nuug.no/news/NUUG_lanserer_innsynstjenesten_Mimes_Br_nn.shtml">annonsert
-av NUUG</a> via blog, epost og twitter til NUUG-assosierte personer.
-Det har tatt noen år, men de siste dagene fikk vi endelig tid til å få
-på plass de siste bitene. Vi er to, Gorm og meg selv, som har vært
-primus motor for det hele, men vi har fått hjelp med oversettelser og
-oppsett fra mange flere. Jeg vil si tusen takk til hver og en av dem,
-og er veldig fornøyd med at vi klarte å få tjenesten opp å kjøre før
-ferietiden slo inn for fullt.</p>
-
-<p>Vi er usikker på hvor mye belastning den virtuelle maskinen der
-tjenesten kjører klarer, så vi har lansert litt i det stille og ikke
-til for mange folk for å se hvordan maskinen klarer seg over sommeren,
-før vi går mer aktivt ut og annonserer til høsten. Ta en titt, og se
-om du kanskje har et spørsmål til det offentlige som er egnet å sende
-inn via Mimes brønn.</p>
-
-<p>Hvis du lurer på hva i alle dager en slik tjenestes kan brukes til,
-anbefaler jeg deg å se
-<a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/video/625321">TED-foredraget til
-Heather Brook</a> om hvordan hun brukte WhatDoTheyKnow til å lære
-hvordan offentlige midler ble misbrukt. Det er en inspirerende
-historie.</p>
-</description>
- </item>
-
- <item>
- <title>MPEG LA on "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" licensing and non-private use</title>
- <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_on__Internet_Broadcast_AVC_Video__licensing_and_non_private_use.html</link>
- <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_on__Internet_Broadcast_AVC_Video__licensing_and_non_private_use.html</guid>
- <pubDate>Tue, 7 Jul 2015 09:50:00 +0200</pubDate>
- <description><p>After asking the Norwegian Broadcasting Company (NRK)
-<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html">why
-they can broadcast and stream H.264 video without an agreement with
-the MPEG LA</a>, I was wiser, but still confused. So I asked MPEG LA
-if their understanding matched that of NRK. As far as I can tell, it
-does not.</p>
-
-<p>I started by asking for more information about the various
-licensing classes and what exactly is covered by the "Internet
-Broadcast AVC Video" class that NRK pointed me at to explain why NRK
-did not need a license for streaming H.264 video:
-
-<p><blockquote>
-
-<p>According to
-<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">a
-MPEG LA press release dated 2010-02-02</a>, there is no charge when
-using MPEG AVC/H.264 according to the terms of "Internet Broadcast AVC
-Video". I am trying to understand exactly what the terms of "Internet
-Broadcast AVC Video" is, and wondered if you could help me. What
-exactly is covered by these terms, and what is not?</p>
-
-<p>The only source of more information I have been able to find is a
-PDF named
-<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">AVC
-Patent Portfolio License Briefing</a>, which states this about the
-fees:</p>
-
-<ul>
- <li>Where End User pays for AVC Video
- <ul>
- <li>Subscription (not limited by title) – 100,000 or fewer
- subscribers/yr = no royalty; &gt; 100,000 to 250,000 subscribers/yr =
- $25,000; &gt;250,000 to 500,000 subscribers/yr = $50,000; &gt;500,000 to
- 1M subscribers/yr = $75,000; &gt;1M subscribers/yr = $100,000</li>
-
- <li>Title-by-Title - 12 minutes or less = no royalty; &gt;12 minutes in
- length = lower of (a) 2% or (b) $0.02 per title</li>
- </ul></li>
-
- <li>Where remuneration is from other sources
- <ul>
- <li>Free Television - (a) one-time $2,500 per transmission encoder or
- (b) annual fee starting at $2,500 for &gt; 100,000 HH rising to
- maximum $10,000 for &gt;1,000,000 HH</li>
-
- <li>Internet Broadcast AVC Video (not title-by-title, not subscription)
- – no royalty for life of the AVC Patent Portfolio License</li>
- </ul></li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>Am I correct in assuming that the four categories listed is the
-categories used when selecting licensing terms, and that "Internet
-Broadcast AVC Video" is the category for things that do not fall into
-one of the other three categories? Can you point me to a good source
-explaining what is ment by "title-by-title" and "Free Television" in
-the license terms for AVC/H.264?</p>
-
-<p>Will a web service providing H.264 encoded video content in a
-"video on demand" fashing similar to Youtube and Vimeo, where no
-subscription is required and no payment is required from end users to
-get access to the videos, fall under the terms of the "Internet
-Broadcast AVC Video", ie no royalty for life of the AVC Patent
-Portfolio license? Does it matter if some users are subscribed to get
-access to personalized services?</p>
-
-<p>Note, this request and all answers will be published on the
-Internet.</p>
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>The answer came quickly from Benjamin J. Myers, Licensing Associate
-with the MPEG LA:</p>
-
-<p><blockquote>
-<p>Thank you for your message and for your interest in MPEG LA. We
-appreciate hearing from you and I will be happy to assist you.</p>
-
-<p>As you are aware, MPEG LA offers our AVC Patent Portfolio License
-which provides coverage under patents that are essential for use of
-the AVC/H.264 Standard (MPEG-4 Part 10). Specifically, coverage is
-provided for end products and video content that make use of AVC/H.264
-technology. Accordingly, the party offering such end products and
-video to End Users concludes the AVC License and is responsible for
-paying the applicable royalties.</p>
-
-<p>Regarding Internet Broadcast AVC Video, the AVC License generally
-defines such content to be video that is distributed to End Users over
-the Internet free-of-charge. Therefore, if a party offers a service
-which allows users to upload AVC/H.264 video to its website, and such
-AVC Video is delivered to End Users for free, then such video would
-receive coverage under the sublicense for Internet Broadcast AVC
-Video, which is not subject to any royalties for the life of the AVC
-License. This would also apply in the scenario where a user creates a
-free online account in order to receive a customized offering of free
-AVC Video content. In other words, as long as the End User is given
-access to or views AVC Video content at no cost to the End User, then
-no royalties would be payable under our AVC License.</p>
-
-<p>On the other hand, if End Users pay for access to AVC Video for a
-specific period of time (e.g., one month, one year, etc.), then such
-video would constitute Subscription AVC Video. In cases where AVC
-Video is delivered to End Users on a pay-per-view basis, then such
-content would constitute Title-by-Title AVC Video. If a party offers
-Subscription or Title-by-Title AVC Video to End Users, then they would
-be responsible for paying the applicable royalties you noted below.</p>
-
-<p>Finally, in the case where AVC Video is distributed for free
-through an "over-the-air, satellite and/or cable transmission", then
-such content would constitute Free Television AVC Video and would be
-subject to the applicable royalties.</p>
-
-<p>For your reference, I have attached
-<a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-07-07-mpegla.pdf">a
-.pdf copy of the AVC License</a>. You will find the relevant
-sublicense information regarding AVC Video in Sections 2.2 through
-2.5, and the corresponding royalties in Section 3.1.2 through 3.1.4.
-You will also find the definitions of Title-by-Title AVC Video,
-Subscription AVC Video, Free Television AVC Video, and Internet
-Broadcast AVC Video in Section 1 of the License. Please note that the
-electronic copy is provided for informational purposes only and cannot
-be used for execution.</p>
-
-<p>I hope the above information is helpful. If you have additional
-questions or need further assistance with the AVC License, please feel
-free to contact me directly.</p>
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>Having a fresh copy of the license text was useful, and knowing
-that the definition of Title-by-Title required payment per title made
-me aware that my earlier understanding of that phrase had been wrong.
-But I still had a few questions:</p>
-
-<p><blockquote>
-<p>I have a small followup question. Would it be possible for me to get
-a license with MPEG LA even if there are no royalties to be paid? The
-reason I ask, is that some video related products have a copyright
-clause limiting their use without a license with MPEG LA. The clauses
-typically look similar to this:
-
-<p><blockquote>
- This product is licensed under the AVC patent portfolio license for
- the personal and non-commercial use of a consumer to (a) encode
- video in compliance with the AVC standard ("AVC video") and/or (b)
- decode AVC video that was encoded by a consumer engaged in a
- personal and non-commercial activity and/or AVC video that was
- obtained from a video provider licensed to provide AVC video. No
- license is granted or shall be implied for any other use. additional
- information may be obtained from MPEG LA L.L.C.
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>It is unclear to me if this clause mean that I need to enter into
-an agreement with MPEG LA to use the product in question, even if
-there are no royalties to be paid to MPEG LA. I suspect it will
-differ depending on the jurisdiction, and mine is Norway. What is
-MPEG LAs view on this?</p>
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>According to the answer, MPEG LA believe those using such tools for
-non-personal or commercial use need a license with them:</p>
-
-<p><blockquote>
-
-<p>With regard to the Notice to Customers, I would like to begin by
-clarifying that the Notice from Section 7.1 of the AVC License
-reads:</p>
-
-<p>THIS PRODUCT IS LICENSED UNDER THE AVC PATENT PORTFOLIO LICENSE FOR
-THE PERSONAL USE OF A CONSUMER OR OTHER USES IN WHICH IT DOES NOT
-RECEIVE REMUNERATION TO (i) ENCODE VIDEO IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AVC
-STANDARD ("AVC VIDEO") AND/OR (ii) DECODE AVC VIDEO THAT WAS ENCODED
-BY A CONSUMER ENGAGED IN A PERSONAL ACTIVITY AND/OR WAS OBTAINED FROM
-A VIDEO PROVIDER LICENSED TO PROVIDE AVC VIDEO. NO LICENSE IS GRANTED
-OR SHALL BE IMPLIED FOR ANY OTHER USE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE
-OBTAINED FROM MPEG LA, L.L.C. SEE HTTP://WWW.MPEGLA.COM</p>
-
-<p>The Notice to Customers is intended to inform End Users of the
-personal usage rights (for example, to watch video content) included
-with the product they purchased, and to encourage any party using the
-product for commercial purposes to contact MPEG LA in order to become
-licensed for such use (for example, when they use an AVC Product to
-deliver Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free Television or Internet
-Broadcast AVC Video to End Users, or to re-Sell a third party's AVC
-Product as their own branded AVC Product).</p>
-
-<p>Therefore, if a party is to be licensed for its use of an AVC
-Product to Sell AVC Video on a Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free
-Television or Internet Broadcast basis, that party would need to
-conclude the AVC License, even in the case where no royalties were
-payable under the License. On the other hand, if that party (either a
-Consumer or business customer) simply uses an AVC Product for their
-own internal purposes and not for the commercial purposes referenced
-above, then such use would be included in the royalty paid for the AVC
-Products by the licensed supplier.</p>
-
-<p>Finally, I note that our AVC License provides worldwide coverage in
-countries that have AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, including
-Norway.</p>
-
-<p>I hope this clarification is helpful. If I may be of any further
-assistance, just let me know.</p>
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>The mentioning of Norwegian patents made me a bit confused, so I
-asked for more information:</p>
-
-<p><blockquote>
-
-<p>But one minor question at the end. If I understand you correctly,
-you state in the quote above that there are patents in the AVC Patent
-Portfolio that are valid in Norway. This make me believe I read the
-list available from &lt;URL:
-<a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx">http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx</a>
-&gt; incorrectly, as I believed the "NO" prefix in front of patents
-were Norwegian patents, and the only one I could find under Mitsubishi
-Electric Corporation expired in 2012. Which patents are you referring
-to that are relevant for Norway?</p>
-
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>Again, the quick answer explained how to read the list of patents
-in that list:</p>
-
-<p><blockquote>
-
-<p>Your understanding is correct that the last AVC Patent Portfolio
-Patent in Norway expired on 21 October 2012. Therefore, where AVC
-Video is both made and Sold in Norway after that date, then no
-royalties would be payable for such AVC Video under the AVC License.
-With that said, our AVC License provides historic coverage for AVC
-Products and AVC Video that may have been manufactured or Sold before
-the last Norwegian AVC patent expired. I would also like to clarify
-that coverage is provided for the country of manufacture and the
-country of Sale that has active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents.</p>
-
-<p>Therefore, if a party offers AVC Products or AVC Video for Sale in
-a country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents (for example,
-Sweden, Denmark, Finland, etc.), then that party would still need
-coverage under the AVC License even if such products or video are
-initially made in a country without active AVC Patent Portfolio
-Patents (for example, Norway). Similarly, a party would need to
-conclude the AVC License if they make AVC Products or AVC Video in a
-country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, but eventually Sell
-such AVC Products or AVC Video in a country without active AVC Patent
-Portfolio Patents.</p>
-</blockquote></p>
-
-<p>As far as I understand it, MPEG LA believe anyone using Adobe
-Premiere and other video related software with a H.264 distribution
-license need a license agreement with MPEG LA to use such tools for
-anything non-private or commercial, while it is OK to set up a
-Youtube-like service as long as no-one pays to get access to the
-content. I still have no clear idea how this applies to Norway, where
-none of the patents MPEG LA is licensing are valid. Will the
-copyright terms take precedence or can those terms be ignored because
-the patents are not valid in Norway?</p>
+ <title>Snurpenot-overvåkning av sensitiv personinformasjon</title>
+ <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Snurpenot_overv_kning_av_sensitiv_personinformasjon.html</link>
+ <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Snurpenot_overv_kning_av_sensitiv_personinformasjon.html</guid>
+ <pubDate>Mon, 9 Nov 2015 22:30:00 +0100</pubDate>
+ <description><p>Tenk om et norsk sykehus delte informasjon om hva som blir lest og
+hvem som leser på sykehusets nettsted, med noen som samarbeider med et
+fremmed lands etterretningsvesen, og at flere andre fremmede lands
+etterretningstjenester kan snappe opp informasjonen.</p>
+
+<p>Tenk om flere sykehus, kommuner, helsestasjoner, universitet,
+høyskoler, grunnskoler, Stortinget, det meste av offentlig
+forvaltning, medier, adopsjonstjenester og krisesenter gjør det
+samme?</p>
+
+<p>Tenk om de som lytter kan holde oversikt over norske borgeres
+interesser, sykdommer, rusmisbruk, adopsjon, abort, barnehager,
+politiske interesser og sympatier samt hvilke argumenter som har best
+effekt på beslutningstagere og måter de kan påvirkes. Ville det gitt
+grunn til bekymring?</p>
+
+<p>Høres det ut som noe tatt ut fra fantasien til George Orwell,
+forfatteren av dystopien 1984? Det er virkeligheten i Norge i dag,
+takket være bruken av statistikktjenester som Google Analytics.</p>
+
+<p><strong>Du kan beskytte deg</strong></p>
+
+<p>Men borgerne har et forsvar mot dette angrepet på privatsfæren.
+Dagens nettlesere har utvidelser som støtter å blokkere slik
+utlevering av informasjon. Personlig bruker jeg Privacy Badger,
+Ghostery, NoScript og AdBlock, og anbefaler alle å gjøre noe
+tilsvarende. Merk at noen av verktøyene lekker informasjon, i tillegg
+til å gjøre en nyttig jobb, så det er lurt å bruke flere sammen. I
+tillegg bør hver og en av oss sende inn protest til organisasjonene
+bak nettsteder som bidrar til dette inngrepet i privatsfæren.</p>
+
+<p><strong>Hvem bidrar til overvåkningen?</strong></p>
+
+<p>Takket være Ghostery la jeg merke til at flere og flere norske
+nettsteder begynte å la Google Analytics overvåke brukerne. Jeg ble
+nysgjerrig på hvor mange det gjaldt, og gikk igjennom ca. 2700 norske
+nettsteder, hovedsakelig offentlig forvaltning. Jeg laget et system
+for å koble seg opp automatisk og sjekke hvor nettstedene spredte
+informasjon om besøket. Jeg ble overrasket både over omfanget og hva
+slags nettsteder som rapporterer besøksinformasjon ut av landet.
+Omtrent 70 prosent av de 2700 sender informasjon til Google Analytics.
+Noen tilfeldige eksempler er Akershus Universitetssykehus, Sykehuset
+Østfold, Lommelegen, Oslo krisesenter, Stortinget, den norske
+regjering, de fleste politiske partier på Stortinget, NAV, Altinn,
+NRK, TV2, Helse Førde, Helse Stavanger, Oslo kommune,
+Nasjonalbiblioteket, Pasientombudet, Kongehuset, Politiet,
+Teknologirådet, Tollvesenet, Norsk romsenter, Forsvarsbygg og
+Sivilforsvaret. Og det er mange flere.</p>
+
+<p>Hvordan kan det offentlige Norge omfavne en slik praksis? Det er
+gode hensikter bak. Google har laget en god tjeneste for
+nettstedseiere, der de uten å betale med noe annet enn en bit av de
+besøkenes privatsfære får tilgang til nyttig og presis statistikk over
+nettstedets bruk ved å besøke netttjenesten hos Google. De færreste
+merker ulempene angrepet på privatsfæren som nettstedene og Google
+utgjør.</p>
+
+<p><strong>Hvordan foregår det?</strong></p>
+
+<p>I nettsider kan nettsteder legge inn lenker til programkode som
+skal kjøres av brukerens nettleser. De som tar i bruk Google
+Analytics legger typisk inn lenke til et javascript-program hos Google
+som ber nettleseren ta kontakt med Google og dele IP-adresse, side
+besøkt, aktuelle cookies og endel informasjon om nettleseren med
+Google Analytics. Programmet trenger ikke være det samme for alle som
+henter det fra Google. Det finnes et Google Analytics-tilvalg kalt
+«anonymisering» som nettstedeier kan ta i bruk. Dette instruerer det
+omtalte programmet om å be Google slette deler av den oversendte
+IP-adressen. Full IP-adresse sendes likevel over og er tilgjengelig
+for alle som snapper opp informasjonen underveis.</p>
+
+<p>Takket være varsleren Edward Snowden, som bidro til uvurderlig
+dokumentasjon på snurpenot-overvåkningen som nordmenn blir utsatt for,
+vet vi at Google samarbeider med USAs etteretning som avlytter trafikk
+sendt til Google Analytics.</p>
+
+<p>Men allerede før Snowden var det bekreftet at både britiske GCHQ og
+USAs NSA avlytter og lagrer blant annet Internett-trafikk som er innom
+et av landene, i tillegg til at FRA i Sverige avlytter og lagrer
+trafikk som passerte grensa til Sverige.</p>
+
+<p>Og som
+<a href="http://www.dn.no/tekno/2013/02/03/amerikanerne-kan-se-hvert-ord-du-skriver">Datatilsynet
+sa til Dagens Næringsliv i 2013</a> kunne de vanskelig nekte bruk av
+skytjenester som Google Analytics når Norge var bundet av EUs «Safe
+Harbour»-avtale med USA. De måtte derfor se bort fra
+f.eks. FISAAA-loven (som lar NSA avlytte Internett-trafikk) i sine
+vurderinger. Når nå EUs «Safe Harbour»-avtale er underkjent, og det
+foreslås å bruke individuell avtalerett mellom selskaper som juridisk
+grunnlag for å sende personopplysninger til USA, er det greit å huske
+på at FISAA-loven og andre som brukes av USA som grunnlag for
+masseovervåkning overstyrer slike avtaler.</p>
+
+<p>For øvrig burde varsleren Edward Snowden få politisk asyl i
+Norge.</p>